KR20220098704A - NbMC 층 - Google Patents
NbMC 층 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20220098704A KR20220098704A KR1020220079604A KR20220079604A KR20220098704A KR 20220098704 A KR20220098704 A KR 20220098704A KR 1020220079604 A KR1020220079604 A KR 1020220079604A KR 20220079604 A KR20220079604 A KR 20220079604A KR 20220098704 A KR20220098704 A KR 20220098704A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- -1 niobium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- YHBDIEWMOMLKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachloroniobium Chemical compound Cl[Nb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl YHBDIEWMOMLKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 57
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TUTOKIOKAWTABR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylalumane Chemical compound C[AlH]C TUTOKIOKAWTABR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021482 group 13 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018173 Al—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019800 NbF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052454 barium strontium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AOLPZAHRYHXPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentafluoroniobium Chemical compound F[Nb](F)(F)(F)F AOLPZAHRYHXPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical compound CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXRGABKACDFXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylborane Chemical compound CB(C)C WXRGABKACDFXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000579895 Chlorostilbon Species 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNSWULZVUKFJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr].[Bi] Chemical compound [Sr].[Bi] VNSWULZVUKFJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052876 emerald Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010976 emerald Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000311 lanthanide oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSYRJFDOOSKABR-UHFFFAOYSA-I niobium(v) bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Nb+5] DSYRJFDOOSKABR-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH3] VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/285—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
- H01L21/28512—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
- H01L21/28556—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System by chemical means, e.g. CVD, LPCVD, PECVD, laser CVD
- H01L21/28562—Selective deposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
- C23C16/045—Coating cavities or hollow spaces, e.g. interior of tubes; Infiltration of porous substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/32—Carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
- C23C16/45531—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations specially adapted for making ternary or higher compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
- C23C16/45536—Use of plasma, radiation or electromagnetic fields
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02172—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides
- H01L21/02175—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal
- H01L21/02194—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal the material containing more than one metal element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/28088—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor the final conductor layer next to the insulator being a composite, e.g. TiN
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/32051—Deposition of metallic or metal-silicide layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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Abstract
하나 이상의 NbMC 층들을 포함하는 박막 구조물들을 형성하는 방법들, 및 그 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들을 포함하는 구조물들 및 디바이스들이 개시된다. NbMC 층들은, 저항률, 전류 누설 및 일함수를 포함한, 다양한 구조물 및 디바이스 성질들의 튜닝을 가능하게 한다.
Description
본 개시는 일반적으로, 하나 이상의 니오븀 금속 또는 준금속 카바이드 (NbMC) 층들을 포함하는 구조물을 형성하기 위한 기법, 하나 이상의 니오븀 금속 또는 준금속 카바이드 층들을 포함하는 디바이스들, 및 그 구조물 및 디바이스를 형성하는 방법에 관한 것이다.
전계효과 트랜지스터 (FET) 디바이스들, 이를테면 금속 산화물 반도체 FET (MOSFET) 디바이스들은 일반적으로, 소스 영역, 드레인 영역, 그 소스과 드레인 영역들 사이의 채널 영역, 및 채널 영역 위에 놓이고 유전 재료에 의해 채널 영역으로부터 분리되는 게이트 전극을 포함한다. 상보성 MOSFET (CMOS) 디바이스는 p-타입 MOSFET 디바이스 및 n-타입 MOSFET 디바이스를 포함한다. FinFET 와 같은 3차원 트랜지스터 아키텍쳐들이 있다. 원하는 대로 동작하기 위하여, n-타입 디바이스 및 p-타입 디바이스의 게이트 전극의 일함수는 소정 양만큼 상이해야 한다. 일함수의 차이는 일반적으로, 게이트 전극 재료를 튜닝 (tuning) 함으로써 획득된다.
전통적으로, MOSFET 디바이스들은 유전 재료로서 실리콘 산화물 및 게이트 전극 재료로서 폴리실리콘을 사용하여 형성된다. 폴리실리콘은 게이트 전극 재료로서 비교적 잘 기능하는데, 그것은 디바이스들의 일함수 및 결과적으로 디바이스들의 임계 전압의 비교적 용이한 튜닝을 허용하기 때문이다.
원하는 성능 기준을 충족시키기 위하여 MOSFET 디바이스들이 축소됨에 따라, 금속이 일반적으로 게이트 전극 재료로서 폴리실리콘을 대체했고 고 유전 상수 재료가 일반적으로 고성능 디바이스들을 위한 유전 재료로서 실리콘 산화물을 대체했다. 하지만, 폴리실리콘을 금속으로 대체하는 것에 의해, 게이트와 채널 사이의 일함수 차이가 튜닝하기 더 어려워졌다. 결과적으로, 디바이스의 임계 전압의 수정이 더 어려워졌다.
금속 게이트 전극을 포함한 MOSFET 디바이스들의 일함수 튜닝을 용이하게 하기 위하여, 게이트 구조물들은 추가적인 금속 층, 즉, 일함수 및 결과적으로 디바이스들의 임계 전압을 튜닝하기 위해 일함수 층을 포함할 수 있다. 일반적으로, 일함수 층들은 게이트 전극 금속보다 전도성이 비교적 더 적은데, 이는 디바이스들의 원하는 성능의 손실을 초래할 수 있다. 일함수 층들의 전도성을 증가시키기 위한 시도들은 일반적으로 디바이스들의 일함수를 떨어뜨린다.
따라서, 튜닝가능한 일함수 층들에 적합한 향상된 재료 층들 및 그러한 층들을 포함하는 구조물들 및 디바이스들 그리고 그러한 층들, 구조물들, 및 디바이스들을 형성하는 방법이 요망된다.
개시의 개요
본 개시의 다양한 실시형태들은 하나 이상의 니오븀 금속 및/또는 준금속 카바이드 (본원에서 NbMC 로도 총칭되고, 여기서 M 은 금속 및/또는 준금속을 나타낸다) 층들 또는 막들을 포함하는 구조물들 및 디바이스들을 형성하는 방법에 관한 것이고, NbMC 층들을 포함하는 구조물들 및 디바이스들에 관한 것이다. 일반적으로, 본 개시의 실시형태들은, 상대적으로 낮은 저항률을 나타내거나 및/또는 상대적으로 튜닝하기 용이한 하나 이상의 NbMC 튜닝가능한 일함수 층들을 갖는 구조물들 및 디바이스들을 형성하는 방법을 제공한다. 추가적으로, NbMC 층들을 포함하는 예시적인 디바이스들 및 구조물들은 상대적으로 낮은 일함수를 나타내고 그러한 디바이스들 및 구조물들의 일함수는 상대적으로 넓은 범위에 걸쳐 튜닝될 수 있다. 또한, 예시적인 NbMC 층들은, 일함수로서 사용되는 다른 재료 층들 또는 유사한 층들에 비해, 상대적으로 높은 내산화성을 나타낼 수 있다. 막들은 단지, 간결함을 위하여 니오븀, 금속 또는 준금속 및 탄소를 포함하는 막들에 대해 두문자 NbMC 로 기재되고, 두문자 NbMC 는, 예를 들어, 막들의 화학양론 또는 막들에서의 결합 유형 또는 원자들 간의 결합을 한정하지 않는다.
본 개시의 다양한 다른 실시형태들은 박막 구조물을 형성하는 방법에 관한 것이고, 그 방법은 반응 공간 내에 기판을 제공하는 단계 그리고 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스 (cyclic deposition process) 를 이용하여, 기판의 표면에 NbMC를 포함하는 층을 형성하는 단계로서, M 은 금속, 이를테면 알루미늄 및/또는 준금속 (때때로, 반금속이라고 지칭됨), 이를테면 보론을 나타내는, 상기 층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고, 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스는 반응 공간에 Nb 를 포함하는 제 1 전구체 그리고 금속 (및/또는 준금속) 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 2 전구체를 교번하여 제공하는 단계를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 증착 사이클을 포함한다. 제 1 전구체는 니오븀 할로겐화물, 이를테면 니오븀 염화물 (NbCl5) 및/또는 니오븀 및 염소 또는, 준금속의 경우에, 니오븀 불화물 (NbF5) 을 포함하는 다른 화합물들을 포함할 수 있다. 제 2 전구체는 하나 이상의 탄소 기여 화합물들, 이를테면 유기금속 화합물-예를 들어, 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 탄화수소 화합물들 또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 탄화수소 화합물들을 포함할 수 있다. 금속 또는 준금속 탄화수소 화합물은, 예를 들어, 금속 또는 준금속의 알킬, 알케닐 또는 알키닐 화합물일 수 있다. 금속 또는 준금속 탄화수소 화합물은, 예를 들어, 알루미늄 또는 보론의 알킬, 화합물일 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 적어도 하나 이상의 Al-C 결합들을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 2개 이하 Al-H 결합들을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 Al-Al 결합들을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 산소 및/또는 할로겐화물을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 알루미늄, 수소 및 탄소만을 포함하고 다른 원소들을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 알루미늄 탄화수소 화합물은, 알루미늄에 부착되는 알킬 리간드와 같은 C2-C5 또는 C2-C4 탄화수소 리간드를 포함한다. 예로써, 알루미늄 탄화수소 화합물은, 트리메틸알루미늄 (TMA), 트리에틸알루미늄 (TEA), 디메틸알루미늄 하이드라이드 (DMAH), 디메틸에틸아민알란 (DMEAA), 트리메틸아민알린 (TEAA), N-메틸피로리딘알란 (MPA), 트리-이소부틸알루미늄 (TIBA), 및 트리터트부틸알루미늄 (TTBA) 으로 이루어지는 군 중에서 하나 이상으로부터 선택된다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 알루미늄 탄화수소 화합물은 트리메틸알루미늄 (TMA) 이 아니다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 알루미늄에 결합된 터트부틸 리간드를 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 트리터트부틸알루미늄이다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 탄화수소 화합물은 알킬보론 화합물을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 적어도 하나 이상의 B-C 결합들을 포함한다 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 B-H 결합들을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 B-B 결합들을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은, 보론 및 수소만을 갖는 화합물들을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 산소 및/또는 할로겐화물을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 보론, 수소 및 탄소를 포함하고 다른 원소들을 포함하지 않는다. 예로써, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 트리메틸보론 및 트리에틸보론으로 이루어지는 군 중의 하나 이상으로부터 선택된다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은, 알킬 리간드들과 같은 1개, 2개 또는 3개 C1-C5 탄화수소 리간드들을 갖는 보론 화합물들을 포함한다. 이들 실시형태들의 추가 양태들에 따르면, 그 방법은, 반응 공간에 Nb 를 포함하는 제 3 전구체 및 금속 및/또는 준금속 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 4 전구체를 교번하여 제공하는 단계를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 증착 사이클을 포함하는 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하는 단계를 더 포함하고, 여기서 다음 중 적어도 하나이다: 제 3 전구체는 제 1 전구체와 상이하고 제 4 전구체는 제 2 전구체와 상이하다. 이들 경우들에서, 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스 및 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스는 다른 프로세스에서 사용되는 전구체들과는 상이한 적어도 하나의 전구체를 갖는다. 이것은, NbMC 층들을 포함하는 구조물들 및 디바이스들의 추가적인 튜닝을 허용한다. 반응 공간에서 층들을 형성하는 것과 연계하여 설명되었지만, NbMC 층들은 공간 증착 방법들을 이용하여 형성될 수 있다. 공간을 포함하는 예시적인 증착 방법들은 아래에서 더 상세히 설명된다.
본 개시의 또 다른 예시적인 실시형태들에 따르면, 디바이스는 본원에 설명된 방법을 이용하여 형성된다. 디바이스를 형성하기 위한 예시적인 방법들은, 반응 공간 내에 기판을 제공하는 단계 그리고 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하여, 기판의 표면에 NbMC를 포함하는 층을 형성하는 단계로서, M 은 금속 및/또는 준금속을 나타내는, 상기 층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고, 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스는 반응 공간에 Nb 를 포함하는 제 1 전구체 그리고 금속 및/또는 준금속 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 2 전구체를 교번하여 제공하는 단계를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 증착 사이클을 포함한다. 제 1 및 제 2 전구체들은 위에서 그리고 본원의 다른 곳에서 설명된 것들과 동일 또는 유사할 수 있다. 예시적인 방법들은 게이트 산화물 층 및/또는 게이트 전극 층과 같은 추가적인 디바이스 층들을 형성하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다.
본 개시의 다른 실시형태들은, 기판 및 기판 위에 놓이게 형성되는 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들을 포함하는 박막 구조물에 관한 것이다. 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들은 원자 기준으로 약 30% 내지 약 60% 또는 약 40% 내지 약 50% 탄소, 원자 기준으로 약 10% 내지 약 40% 또는 20% 내지 약 30% 니오븀, 그리고 원자 기준으로 약 10% 내지 약 40% 또는 20% 내지 약 30% 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄과 같은 13족 금속) 및/또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 에 이르기까지 포함할 수 있다. M 은 알루미늄 또는 보론으로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택될 수 있다. 예시적인 구조들은 또한 NbMC 층에 추가적인 층들을 포함할 수 있으며, 그러한 추가적인 층들은 다음 중 하나 이상을 포함하지만, 이들에 한정되는 것은 아니다: 기판, 유전 층, 식각 저지 층, 배리어 층, 및 금속 층. 구조물들의 특성들은 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들을 튜닝함으로써 조작될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 특성들은 다음에 의해 조작될 수 있다: (1) 증착되는 NbMC 층들의 수 조정, (2) 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들의 조성 조정, 및/또는 (3) 각각의 층 두께 조정. 이들 실시형태들에 따른 구조물들은 임의의 적합한 수의 NbMC 층들, 다른 금속 카바이드 층들, 및 다른 층들을 가질 수 있다. 예시적인 NbMC 막들은 2개 이상의 프로세스들을 이용하여 표면에 증착된 NbMC 층들 및/또는 하나 이상의 다른 금속 카바이드 층들과 혼합된 NbMC 층의 혼합물 또는 별개의 층들을 포함할 수 있다. 2개 이상의 프로세스들은, 예를 들어, 적어도 하나의 상이한 전구체를 이용하여, NbMC 층의 조성 또는 성질을 조정할 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 막은 상당한 또는 어떠한 양의 질소도 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 막은 니오븀 외에 상당한 또는 어떠한 양의 전이 금속도 포함하지 않는다.
각각의 NbMC 층의 두께는 약 20 Å 내지 약 100 Å 의 범위일 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NMOS 스택 응용에서 NbMC 층들 두께는 약 10 Å 내지 약 100 Å, 약 15 Å 내지 약 75 Å, 또는 약 20 Å 내지 약 50 Å 이다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층 두께는 50 Å 미만 또는 30 Å 미만의 두께이다. 다른 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층들 두께는 약 5 Å 내지 약 1000 Å, 약 15 Å 내지 약 500 Å, 또는 약 20 Å 내지 약 200 Å 이다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층 두께는 500 Å 미만 또는 100 Å 미만의 두께이다.
4침법 및 X-선 반사율 (XRR) 을 이용하여 측정된, NbMC 층들의 박막 저항률 (thin-film resistivity) 은, 약 400 μohm-cm 내지 약 850 μohm-cm 의 범위일 수 있다. 4침법 및 XRR 을 이용하여 측정된, NbMC 층들의 벌크 저항률 (bulk resistivity) 은, 약 150 μohm-cm 내지 약 800 μohm-cm 의 범위일 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 약 10 nm 의 두께를 갖는 NbMC 증착된 층의 저항률은 4침법 및 XRR 을 이용하여 측정될 때 약 3 내지 약 106 μohm-cm 또는 약 5 내지 약 105 μohm-cm 이다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 증착된 NbMC 층의 저항률은 약 10 nm 두께 층들로부터 측정될 때 약 50 내지 약 104 μohm-cm 이다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 증착된 NbMC 층의 저항률은 약 10 nm 두께 층들로부터 측정될 때 약 5×103 μohm-cm 미만, (약) 1000 μohm-cm 미만, 약 400 μohm-cm 미만이다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 증착된 NbMC 층의 저항률은 약 10 nm 두께 층들로부터 측정될 때 약 200 μohm-cm 미만 또는 약 150 μohm-cm 미만이다. 층의 저항률은 일반적으로 변화하며 층들이 박형이면 그 경우에 저항률은 보통 더 높고, 더 두꺼운 층들의 경우 저항률은 벌크 또는 벌크 박층 저항률 값에 더 가까울 수도 있다.
본 개시의 일부 실시형태들에서, 유효 일함수 (effective workfunction) 또는 eWF 가 약 4.0 내지 약 4.9 eV, 약 4.1 내지 약 4.6 eV, 또는 약 4.15 내지 약 4.3 eV 일 수 있는 NbMC 층들이 형성될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 유효 일함수 또는 eWF 가 약 4.5 eV 미만, 약 4.4 eV 미만, 약 4.3 eV 미만 또는 약 4.25 eV 미만인 NbMC 층들이 형성될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층의 일함수는 예를 들어, 테스트 구조물 상에 형성되는 약 10 Å 내지 약 100 Å 층들, 약 15 Å 내지 약 75 Å 층들, 약 20 Å 내지 약 50 Å 층들로부터 측정된다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 의 일함수 또는 eWF 는 약 50 Å 미만 또는 약 30 Å 미만의 두께의 층들로부터 측정된다. 본원에 언급된 일함수 및 eWF 값들은 전기 테스트 구조물들을 이용하여 측정될 수 있다.
추가 예시적인 실시형태들에 따르면, 디바이스는 본원에 설명된 하나 이상의 구조물들을 포함한다. 디바이스들은, 예를 들어, CMOS 디바이스들을 형성하기 위하여 NMOS 및/또는 PMOS 디바이스들로서 구성될 수 있다.
이전의 개요 및 다음의 상세한 설명은 오직 예시 및 설명을 위한 것이고 본 개시를 한정하지 않는다.
도 1 은 본 개시의 예시적 실시형태들에 따른 NbMC 층을 포함한 구조물을 예시한다.
도 2는 본 개시의 추가 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 다른 구조물을 예시한다.
도 3은 본 개시의 추가 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 다른 구조물을 예시한다.
도 4는 본 개시의 추가 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 또 다른 구조물을 예시한다.
도 5는 본 개시의 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 디바이스를 예시한다.
도 2는 본 개시의 추가 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 다른 구조물을 예시한다.
도 3은 본 개시의 추가 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 다른 구조물을 예시한다.
도 4는 본 개시의 추가 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 또 다른 구조물을 예시한다.
도 5는 본 개시의 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 디바이스를 예시한다.
아래에 제공된 방법들, 구조들 및 디바이스들의 예시적인 실시형태들의 설명은 단지 예시적이고 예시의 목적으로만 의도되고; 다음의 설명은 본 개시 또는 청구항의 범위를 제한하도록 의도되지 않는다. 또한, 언급된 특징부들을 갖는 다수의 실시형태들의 기재는 추가의 특징부들을 갖는 다른 실시형태들 또는 언급된 특징부들의 상이한 조합들을 포함하는 다른 실시형태들을 배제하도록 의도되지 않는다.
본 개시의 예시적 실시형태들은 NbMC 층들을 기판 상에 증착하는 방법에 관한 것이고 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들을 포함하는 구조물 및 디바이스에 관한 것이다. 예시적인 NbMC 층들은 니오븀, 금속 및/또는 준금속 및 탄소를 포함한다. 금속은 하나 이상의 금속들, 이를테면 13 족 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 을 포함할 수 있고; 준금속은 하나 이상의 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 을 포함할 수 있다. 니오븀 NbMC 막들은 또한, 다른 원소들, 이를테면 질소, 수소, 미량의 다른 재료들 등을 포함할 수 있다.
아래에서 더 상세하게 제시된 바처럼, 예시적인 NbMC 막들은, 예를 들어, NMOS, PMOS 및/또는 CMOS 디바이스들에서 조정가능한 일함수 층들로서의 사용에 적합하고, 특히 FinFET 디바이스 및 구조물에 적합할 수도 있다. 예시적인 NbMC 층들은 그러한 응용들에 특히 바람직한데, 왜냐하면 막들은 상대적으로 낮은 저항률 (예를 들어, 4침법 및 XRR 을 이용하여 측정될 때 약 400 μohm-cm 내지 약 850 μohm-cm, 또는 본원에 제시된 다른 값들) 을 나타내는 한편, 여전히 원하는 일함수 (예를 들어, 약 4.0 내지 약 4.9 eV 또는 본원에 제시된 다른 값들 범위의 eWF) 를 갖는 구조물들을 제공하기 때문이다. 추가적으로, NbMC 층들은, 일함수 튜닝 층들을 형성하는데 통상적으로 사용되는 다른 막들에 비해, 상대적으로 높은 내산화성, 스케일러빌리티 (scalability), 및 양호한 스텝 커버리지 (step coverage) 를 나타낸다.
NbMC 층들 및 그러한 층들을 포함하는 구조물들 및 디바이스들의 특성은, 재료의 조성-예를 들어, 각각의 성분- 예를 들어 재료에 존재하는 금속(들) 및 탄소의 백분율, 그리고 금속 카바이드 재료의 모르폴로지를 포함한, 다양한 팩터들에 의존할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 조성에서, 알루미늄과 같은 금속의 양, 또는 보론과 같은 준금속은 NbMC 층을 튜닝하여 원하는 일함수를 얻기 위하여 조작될 수 있다.
예시적인 NbMC 층들은 원자 기준으로 약 30% 내지 약 60% 또는 약 40% 내지 약 50% 탄소, 원자 기준으로 약 10% 내지 약 40% 또는 20% 내지 약 30% 니오븀, 그리고 원자 기준으로 약 10% 내지 약 40% 또는 20% 내지 약 30% 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄과 같은 13족 금속) 및/또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 에 이르기까지 포함한다. 위에서 언급된 바처럼, 층들은, 증착 단계 동안 막들에 증착될 수도 있는 추가적인 원소들, 이를테면 미량 원소 (trace element) 들을 포함할 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층은 원자 기준으로 약 2% 내지 약 60%, 약 5% 내지 약 55%, 약 10% 내지 약 50%, 약 20% 내지 약 45%, 또는 약 35% 내지 약 45% 탄소를 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층은 원자 기준으로 약 60% 에 이르기까지 또는 약 50% 에 이르기까지 탄소를 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층은 원자 기준으로 적어도 약 2% 또는 적어도 약 20% 의 탄소를 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 증착된 NbMC 층은 원자 기준으로 약 1 % 내지 약 55%, 약 20% 내지 약 55%, 약 30% 내지 약 50%, 약 25% 내지 약 35%, 또는 약 27% 내지 약 33% 니오븀을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 증착된 NbMC 층은 원자 기준으로, 적어도 약 10 %, 적어도 약 25 % 또는 적어도 약 30% 니오븀을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층은 원자 기준으로 약 5 % 내지 약 75 %, 약 7.5 % 내지 약 60 %, 약 10 % 내지 약 45 %, 약 10 % 내지 약 40 %, 또는 약 10 % 내지 약 20 % 금속 및/또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄 또는 보론) 을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 증착된 NbMC 층은 원자 기준으로, 적어도 약 10 %, 적어도 약 20%, 적어도 약 25% 또는 적어도 약 35% 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 및/또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 을 포함한다.
일부 응용들에서, 금속 카바이드 막을 포함하는 구조물은 비교적 낮은 저항률, 비교적 낮은 누설 전류, 및 비교적 낮은 일함수를 갖는 것이 바람직하다. NbMC 층들은 낮은 산화율뿐만 아니라, 상대적으로 낮은 저항률, 상대적으로 낮은 누설 전류, 및 상대적으로 낮은 일함수의 조합을 갖는 디바이스들을 형성하는데 사용될 수 있다는 것을 알아냈다.
본 명세서의 맥락에서, "층" 또는 "막" 은 상호교환가능하게 사용될 수 있고 연속 또는 불연속 층 또는 막을 나타낼 수 있다. 또한, 구조물들 또는 디바이스들은 NbMC 및/또는 금속 카바이드의 하나보다 많은 층을 포함할 때, NbMC 및/또는 금속 카바이드 층들은 이산 (예를 들어, 나노라미네이트를 형성) 될 수 있거나 또는 층들은 층의 증착 동안 또는 후에 함께 혼합될 수 있다. NbMC 의 다수의 층들은 동일 또는 유사한 원소 조성을 가질 수 있지만-예를 들어, 실질적으로 동일한 원소를 포함하지만, 각각의 막들을 형성하는데 사용된 상이한 프로세스들, 결합 및/또는 전구체 때문에, 각각의 막들, 및 따라서 전반적인 NbMC 재료는 상이한 성질을 가질 수 있다. 예로써, 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 층은 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 및 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 양자 모두를 포함한다.
NbMC 재료를 증착하는 방법들은 NbMC 층들을 포함하는 구조물들을 형성하는데 사용될 수 있다. 그 구조물들은, 결국, 그 구조물들을 포함하는 디바이스들 (예를 들어, CMOS 및 FinFET 디바이스들) 을 형성하는데 사용될 수 있다. 아래에 더 상세하게 제시된 바처럼, 일부 예들에 따르면, 그 구조물들은 사이한 프로세스들을 이용하여 증착되는 2개 이상의 NbMC 층들을 포함한다.
본 개시의 일부 예시적인 실시형태들에 따르면, 박막 구조물을 형성하는 방법은 기판을 제공하는 단계, 및 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하여, 기판의 표면에 NbMC 를 포함하는 층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고, 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스는 기판의 표면에, Nb 를 포함하는 제 1 전구체 및 금속 및/또는 준금속 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 2 전구체를 교번하여 제공하는 단계를 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 막은 니오븀 외에 상당한 또는 어떠한 양의 전이 금속도 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, NbMC 막은 니오븀 외에 다른 전이 금속을 포함할 수도 있다. 본원에 설명된 순환 증착 프로세스들은 하나 이상의 증착 사이클들을 포함할 수 있고, 여기서 각각의 증착 사이클은 다음을 포함한다:
1. 제 1 전구체 (예를 들어, 하나 이상의 니오븀 할로겐화물 화합물) 를 반응 공간에 제공하는 단계;
2. 임의의 과잉 제 1 전구체 및/또는 반응 부산물들을 퍼징 및/또는 배출하는 단계;
3. 동일 또는 또 다른 반응 공간에 제 2 전구체 (예를 들어, 하나 이상의 유기금속 화합물들, 이를테면 예를 들어, 본원에 기재된 금속 및/또는 준금속 탄화수소 화합물들) 를 제공하는 단계; 및
4. 임의의 과잉 제 2 전구체 및/또는 반응 부산물들을 퍼징 및/또는 배출하는 단계.
단계들 1-4 은 순환 증착 (예를 들어, 원자 층 증착 (ALD)) 사이클로 지칭될 수 있다. 단계들 1-4 는 원하는 두께를 갖고 원하는 조성 (예를 들어, 원하는 니오븀, 알루미늄 및/또는 보론, 및/또는 탄소 농도) 을 갖는 NbMC 막을 제조하기 위하여 제 1 및/또는 제 2 프로세스를 이용하여 원하는 대로 반복될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 단계들 1-4 는, 예를 들어, 균일한 두께들을 갖고 하나 또는 수개의 원자 층들로부터 100 나노미터 (nm) 이상의 범위인 NbMC 층들을 제조하기 위하여 10, 100 또는 심지어 1000회 이상까지 반복될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 단계들 1-4 의 순서는 한정되지 않고 단계들 3 및/또는 4는 단계들 1 및/또는 전에 수행될 수 있다. 유사하게 일부 실시형태들에서 제 1 전구체는 제 2 전구체 후에 제공될 수도 있고, 원하는 경우, 제 2 전구체는 제 1 전구체 전에 제공될 수도 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 단계들 1-4 은 약 1 내지 약 1000Å, 약 1000 Å 미만 또는 약 500 Å 미만의 두께를 갖는 NbMC 막이 형성될 때까지 반복될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 막은 약 300 Å 미만, 그리고 다른 실시형태들에서 약 200 Å 미만의 두께를 가진다. 일 실시형태에서, 두께는 약 10 Å 과 약 100 Å 사이이다. 다른 실시형태들에서, 그 두께는 약 20 Å 내지 약 200 Å, 또는 약 10 Å 내지 약 50 Å, 또는 약 25 Å 내지 약 40 Å 이다. NbMC 막의 두께는 특정 응용에 따라 변화될 수 있다는 것이 인식될 수 있다. 예로서, NMOS 게이트 응용들을 위해, 두께는 통상적으로 약 20 Å 내지 약 500 Å 또는 약 20 Å 내지 약 50 Å 이다. 또 다른 예로서, MIM 커패시터 응용들 (예를 들어, DRAM, eDRAM 등) 을 위해, 두께 범위는 통상적으로 약 50 Å 내지 약 200 Å 이다. 또한, NbMC 막은 플래시 메모리에서 일함수를 설정하는 역할을 하는 응용들을 위해, 두께는, 예를 들어, 약 20 Å 과 약 200 Å 사이일 수 있다. 다른 예시적인 막 두께들이 본원에 제시된다.
일부 실시형태들에서, 다음을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 사이클을 포함하는 ALD 타입 증착 프로세스에 의해 공간 증착을 이용하여 또는 반응 공간에서 기판 상에 NbMC 막이 증착된다.
1.
Nb 를 포함하는 제 1 가스 상 전구체에 기판을 노출시키는 단계;
2.
기판을 퍼지 가스에 노출시키는 단계 및/또는 과잉 제 1 전구체 및 반응 부산물이 있다면 기판으로부터 제거하는 단계;
3.
알루미늄 및/또는 보론을 포함하는 제 2 가스 상 전구체에 기판을 노출시키는 단계;
4.
기판을 퍼지 가스에 노출시키는 단계 및/또는 과잉 제 2 전구체 및 반응 부산물이 있다면 기판으로부터 제거하는 단계; 및
5.
원하는 두께의 NbMC 막이 형성될 때까지 노출시키는 단계 및/또는 제거하는 단계를 선택적으로 반복하는 단계;
일부 실시형태들에서, 다음을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 사이클을 포함하는 ALD 타입 증착 프로세스에 의해 공간 증착을 이용하여 또는 반응 공간에서 기판 상에 NbMC 막이 증착된다.
1.
Nb 를 포함하는 제 1 가스 상 전구체를 기판 상에 증착하는 단계;
2.
퍼지 가스를 기판에 적용하는 단계 및/또는 과잉 제 2 전구체 및 반응 부산물이 있다면 기판으로부터 제거하는 단계;
3.
알루미늄 및/또는 보론을 포함하는 제 2 가스 상 전구체를 기판 상에 증착하는 단계;
4.
퍼지 가스를 기판에 가하는 단계 및/또는 과잉 제 2 전구체 및 반응 부산물이 있다면 기판으로부터 제거하는 단계; 및
5.
원하는 두께의 NbMC 막이 형성될 때까지 증착하는 단계 및 퍼지 가스를 가하는 단계 및/또는 제거하는 단계를 선택적으로 반복하는 단계.
일부 실시형태들에서, 다음을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 사이클을 포함하는 ALD 타입 증착 프로세스에 의해 공간 증착을 이용하여 또는 반응 공간에서 기판 상에 NbAlC 막이 증착된다.
1.
NbCl5 를 포함하는 제 1 가스 상 전구체에 기판을 노출시키는 단계;
2.
기판을 퍼지 가스에 노출시키는 단계 및/또는 과잉 제 2 전구체 및 반응 부산물이 있다면 기판으로부터 제거하는 단계;
3.
TTBA 를 포함하는 제 2 가스 상 전구체에 기판을 노출시키는 단계;
4.
기판을 퍼지 가스에 노출시키는 단계 및/또는 과잉 제 2 전구체 및 반응 부산물이 있다면 기판으로부터 제거하는 단계; 및
5.
원하는 두께의 NbAlC 막이 형성될 때까지 노출시키는 단계 및/또는 제거하는 단계를 선택적으로 반복하는 단계.
일부 실시형태들에서, 단계들 1 및 2는 단계들 3 및 4 이전에 미리결정된 횟수 반복된다. 예를 들어, 단계들 1 및 2 는 단계들 3 및 4 이전에 5회 반복될 수도 있다. 또 다른 예로서, 단계들 1 및 2 는 단계들 3 및 4 이전에 10회 반복될 수도 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 단계들 1 및 2 를 단계들 3 및 4 전에 1회 넘게 반복할 때, 단계 1 에서의 제 1 전구체는 단계들 3 및 4 전에 반복되는 단계들에서 상이하게 독립적으로 선택될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 단계들 3 및 4 는 단계들 1 및 2 이전에 미리결정된 횟수 반복된다. 예를 들어, 단계들 3 및 4 는 단계들 1 및 2 이전에 5회 반복될 수도 있다. 또 다른 예로서, 단계들 3 및 4 는 단계들 1 및 2 이전에 10회 반복될 수도 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 단계들 3 및 4 를 단계들 1 및 2 전에 1회 넘게 반복할 때, 단계 3 에서의 제 2 전구체는 단계들 1 및 2 전에 반복되는 단계들에서 상이하게 독립적으로 선택될 수 있다. 조성적 균일성을 갖는 NbMC 막이 희망되는 경우, 단계들 1 및 2 가 반복되는 횟수는 금속 막의 실질적인 탄화 (carburization) 를 방지할 것을 초과하지 않아야 한다고 이해되야 한다. 일 예에 따르면, 금속 화합물은 낮은 분해 온도를 갖고 단계들 1 및 2가 반복되는 횟수는 1을 초과하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 단계 1 (예를 들어, 제 1 전구체를 제공하는 단계, 기판을 제 1 가스 상 전구체에 노출시키는 단계, 또는 제 1 가스 상 전구체를 증착하는 단계) 는, 2 이상의 니오븀 전구체들을 포함하는 혼합물과 같은 제 1 전구체들의 혼합물들을 제공하는 단계를 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 단계 3 (예를 들어, 제 2 전구체를 제공하는 단계, 기판을 제 2 가스 상 전구체에 노출시키는 단계, 또는 제 2 가스 상 전구체를 증착하는 단계) 는, 2 이상의 알루미늄 탄화수소 전구체들을 포함하는 혼합물과 같은 제 2 전구체들의 혼합물들을 제공하는 단계를 포함한다.
NbMC 층들의 성장률은 반응 조건들에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 성장률은 약 0.01 Å/cycle 내지 약 10.0 Å/cycle, 약 0.1 Å/cycle 내지 약 5 Å/cycle, 또는 약 0.3 Å/cycle 내지 약 3.0 Å/cycle 일 수도 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 성장률은 약 2.5 Å/cycle 이다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 예를 들어, 전구체의 일부 분해가 일어나는 경우에, 성장률은 약 2 Å/cycle 초과, 약 3 Å/cycle 초과, 약 5 Å/cycle 초과 또는 약 10 Å/cycle 초과일 수도 있고 증착률은 펄스 시간이 증가될 때 실질적인 제한 없이 증가된다. 위에 언급된 바처럼, 본 개시의 일부 예시적 실시형태들에 따르면, 박막 구조물을 형성하는 방법은, 제 1 전구체 및 제 2 전구체를 이용하여 제 1 NbMC 층을 증착하는 단계 및 제 3 전구체 및 제 4 전구체를 이용하여 제 2 NbMC 층을 증착하는 단계를 포함한다. 이들 경우들에서, 예시적인 증착 사이클들은 다음을 포함한다:
다음을 포함하는 제 1 프로세스:
1. 제 1 전구체 (예를 들어, 하나 이상의 니오븀 할로겐화물) 를 기판의 표면에 제공하는 단계;
2. 임의의 과잉 제 1 전구체 및/또는 반응 부산물들을 퍼징 및/또는 배출하는 단계;
3. 제 2 전구체 (예를 들어, 하나 이상의 제 1 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 및/또는 제 1 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 탄화수소 화합물) 을 기판의 표면에 제공하는 단계; 및
4. 임의의 과잉 제 2 전구체 및/또는 반응 부산물들을 퍼징 및/또는 배출하는 단계.
다음을 포함하는 제 2 프로세스:
5. (제 1 전구체와 동일할 수 있는) 제 3 전구체를 기판의 표면에 제공하는 단계;
6. 임의의 과잉 제 3 전구체 및/또는 반응 부산물들을 퍼징 및/또는 배출하는 단계.
7. 제 4 전구체 (예를 들어, 제 2 전구체와는 상이한 알루미늄 및/또는 보론 탄화수소 화합물) 를 기판의 표면에 제공하는 단계; 및
8. 임의의 과잉 제 4 전구체 및/또는 반응 부산물들을 퍼징 및/또는 배출하는 단계.
그 단계들은 공간 증착을 이용하여 또는 반응 공간에서 일어날 수 있다. 제 1 및 제 2 프로세스들은 원하는 횟수만큼 반복될 수 있고 연속적일 필요는 없고 제 1 사이클 대 제 2 사이클의 비는 원하는 조성을 얻기 위하여 선택될 수 있다. 또한, 니오븀 할로겐화물을 포함하는 제 1 전구체와 관련하여 설명되었지만, 프로세스 단계들은 반대로 될 수 있으며, 여기서 하나 이상의 제 1 금속 (알루미늄) 또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 탄화수소 화합물을 포함하는 제 1 프로세스 다음으로 니오븀 함유 전구체를 제공한다.
예시적인 방법들은 추가적인 금속 카바이드 또는 유사한 층들의 형성을 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 예시적인 방법들은, 단계들 동안, 또는 사이에 반응 챔버에 도입될 수 있는 하나 이상의 플라즈마 여기된 종의 사용을 포함할 수 있다.
다음의 일반 조건들이 본원에 개시된 증착 사이클들 중 임의의 것에 적용된다. 반응 온도는 약 150 ℃ 내지 약 600 ℃, 약 200 ℃ 내지 약 500 ℃, 약 250 ℃ 내지 약 450 ℃, 약 300 ℃ 내지 약 425 ℃, 또는 약 350 ℃ 내지 400 ℃, 또는 약 325 ℃ 내지 약 425 ℃, 또는 약 375 ℃ 내지 약 425 ℃ 또는 약 360 ℃ 내지 약 385 ℃ 의 범위일 수 있다. 반응 챔버 압력은 약 0.5 내지 약 10 torr, 또는 약 2 내지 약 7 torr 일 수 있다. 압력은 바람직한 성장률 및 수용가능한 균일성을 달성하기 위하여 조정될 수 있다.
제 1 및/또는 제 3 전구체 (예를 들어, 니오븀 반응물) 펄스 시간은 약 0.1 내지 약 20 초 또는 약 1 내지 약 10 초일 수 있다. 제 2 및/또는 제 4 전구체 (예를 들어, 알루미늄 및/또는 보론 탄화수소 화합물) 펄스 시간은 약 0.1 내지 약 20 초 또는 약 0.5 내지 약 2 초일 수 있다.
퍼지 시간은 일반적으로, 약 0.1 내지 약 10 초, 또는 약 2 내지 약 8 초이다. 일부 실시형태들에서 약 6 초의 퍼지 시간이 사용된다. 하지만, 다른 실시형태들에서 더 긴 퍼지 시간이 사용될 수도 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서 퍼지 시간은 제 1, 제 2, 제 3, 및/또는 제 4 전구체를 퍼징하는 것에 대해 동일하지만, 다른 실시형태들에서 퍼지 시간은 상이한 전구체들에 대해 상이하다.
유량은 일반적으로 비활성 퍼지 가스에 대해 약 100 내지 약 400 sccm 이다. (임의의 캐리어 가스를 포함한) 전구체들 중 임의의 것에 대한 캐리어 흐름은 약 100 내지 약 400 sccm 일 수 있다. 캐리어 가스는 바람직하게는 비활성 가스이고, 퍼지 가스와는 동일하거나 또는 상이할 수도 있다. 퍼지 및 캐리어 가스들의 유량은, 부분적으로, NbMC 층들을 증착하기 위한 특정 반응기 사용에 기초하여 결정될 수 있다.
순환 증착 단계들은, 임의의 적합한 반응기, 이를테면 샤워헤드 ALD 반응기 -예를 들어, EmerALD® 반응기 또는 크로스 플로우 반응기, 예를 들어, Pulsar® 반응기 또는 배치 반응기 (batch reactor) 예를 들어, ASM America 또는 ASM International N.V 로부터 입수가능한 Advance® 에서 수행될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 반응기는 공간적 (예를 들어, ALD) 반응기일 수 있고, 여기서 기판 또는 가스 분배 시스템이, 가스 분배 시스템 또는 기판의 다른 하나에 대해, 이동, 이를테면 회전된다. 또한, 본원에 설명된 단계들 중 일부 또는 전부는 공기 또는 진공 브레이크 (vacuum break) 없이 수행될 수 있다. 또한, 일반적으로 이해되는 바처럼, 본원에 설명된 프로세스들은 화학 기상 증착 반응을 포함할 수 있다-즉, 반응들은 "순수" ALD 반응들이 아닐 수도 있다.
제 1 전구체는, 예를 들어, 하나 이상의 니오븀 할로겐화물, 이를테면 하나 이상의 니오븀 브롬화물, 염화물 및/또는 요오드화물을 포함할 수 있다. 예로써, 제 1 전구체는 니오븀 염화물 (NbCl5), 그리고 니오븀 준금속 카바이드들의 경우에는, 니오븀 불화물 (NbF5) 을 포함한다. 제 1 전구체가 그러한 화합물들 중의 2개 이상을 포함할 때, 그 화합물들은 동시에 또는 분리된 펄스들에서 반응 챔버로 전달될 수 있다.
제 2 전구체는 하나 이상의 탄소 기여 화합물들, 이를테면 유기금속 화합물-예를 들어, 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 탄화수소 화합물들 또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 탄화수소 화합물들을 포함할 수 있다. 금속 또는 준금속 탄화수소 화합물은, 예를 들어, 금속 또는 준금속의 알킬, 알케닐 또는 알키닐 화합물일 수 있다. 금속 또는 준금속 탄화수소 화합물은, 예를 들어, 알루미늄 또는 보론의 알킬, 화합물일 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 적어도 하나 이상의 Al-C 결합들을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 2개 이하 Al-H 결합들을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 Al-Al 결합들을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 산소 및/또는 할로겐화물을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 알루미늄, 수소 및 탄소만을 포함하고 다른 원소들을 포함하지 않는다. 예로써, 알루미늄 탄화수소 화합물은, 트리메틸알루미늄 (TMA), 트리에틸알루미늄 (TEA), 디메틸알루미늄 하이드라이드 (DMAH), 디메틸에틸아민알란 (DMEAA), 트리메틸아민알린 (TEAA), N-메틸피로리딘알란 (MPA), 트리-이소부틸알루미늄 (TIBA), 및 트리터트부틸알루미늄 (TTBA) 으로 이루어지는 군 중에서 하나 이상으로부터 선택된다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 알루미늄에 결합된 터트부틸 리간드를 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 금속 탄화수소 화합물은 트리터트부틸알루미늄이다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 탄화수소 화합물은 알킬보론 화합물을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 적어도 하나 이상의 B-C 결합들을 포함한다 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 B-H 결합들을 포함한다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 B-B 결합들을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은, 보론 및 수소만을 갖는 화합물들을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 산소 및/또는 할로겐화물을 포함하지 않는다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 보론, 수소 및 탄소를 포함하고 다른 원소들을 포함하지 않는다. 예로써, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은 트리메틸보론 및 트리에틸보론으로 이루어지는 군 중의 하나 이상으로부터 선택된다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 탄화수소 화합물은, 알킬 리간드들과 같은 1개, 2개 또는 3개 C1-C5 탄화수소 리간드들을 갖는 보론 화합물들을 포함한다. 제 2 전구체가 그러한 화합물들 중의 2개 이상을 포함할 때, 그 화합물들은 동시에 또는 분리된 펄스들에서 반응 챔버로 전달될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 보론 또는 알루미늄 탄화수소 화합물들은 약 99% 가 넘는, 약 99.9% 가 넘는, 약 99.99% 가 넘는, 약 99.999% 가 넘는 또는 약 100% 에 가까운 순도를 갖는다.
위에 언급된 바처럼, 일부 경우들에서, 방법은 NbMC 의 다수의 층들을 형성하기 위하여 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스를 포함할 수 있다. 이들 경우들에서, 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스는, 반응 공간 또는 기판 표면에, Nb 를 포함하는 제 3 전구체 및 금속 및/또는 준금속 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 4 전구체를 교번하여 제공하는 단계를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 증착 사이클을 포함할 수 있다. 제 3 전구체는 제 1 전구체와 관련하여 위에서 설명된 화합물들의 리스트로부터 선택될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 제 3 전구체는 니오븀 염화물과 같은 니오븀 할로겐화물을 포함할 수 있다. 제 4 전구체는 제 2 전구체와 관련하여 위에서 언급된 화합물들의 리스트로부터 선택될 수 있다. 일부 경우들에서, 다음 중 적어도 하나이다: 제 3 전구체는 제 1 전구체와 상이하고 제 4 전구체는 제 2 전구체와 상이하다. 구체적인 예들로써, NbMC 막들은 제 1 및 제 3 전구체들로서 NbCl5 를 이용하여 그리고 제 2 및 제 4 전구체들로서 TEA 및/또는 TTBA 를 이용하여 형성된다.
제 2 및/또는 제 4 전구체, 예를 들어, 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 및/또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 탄화수소 화합물은 금속 카바이드 막에서 원하는 특성을 달성하기 위하여 선택될 수 있다. 특성들은, 접착성, 저항률, 산화 저항성 및 일함수를 포함하지만, 이에 한정되지는 않는다. 예를 들어, 적절한 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 및/또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 탄화수소 또는 다른 화합물 및 적절한 증착 조건들을 선택함으로써, 금속 카바이드 막들에서의 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 및/또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 의 양이 제어될 수 있다. 구체적인 예로써, 특정 막에서 더 높은 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 농도를 달성하기 위하여, TMA 에 비해 TEA 가 선택될 수도 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 상이한 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 탄화수소 화합물들이, 상이한 증착 사이클들에서 사용되어 금속 카바이드 막에서 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 혼입을 수정할 수도 있다. 예를 들어, NbMC 층을 증착하기 위한 증착 프로세스에서, 제 1 사이클은 제 1 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 화합물을 사용할 수 있고 하나 이상의 제 2 사이클들은 상이한 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄 또는 다른 금속) 화합물을 사용할 수 있다.
위에 언급된 바처럼, 임의의 다른 전구체(들) 을 도입하기 전에 및/또는 노출하는 단계 또는 증착 단계들 사이에 제 1 전구체 또는 제 2 전구체를 배출하기 위하여 퍼지 가스가 사용될 수 있다. 예시적인 퍼지 가스들은, 비활성 가스들, 이를테면 아르곤 (Ar) 및 헬륨 (He), 및 질소 (N2) 를 포함한다.
추가적인 반응물들이 또한, 예를 들어, 증착된 막을 환원시키거나 또는 막에 추가 화학 종을 혼입시키기 위해 증착 프로세스 동안 포함될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 추가적인 반응물들은, 예를 들어, 인시츄 또는 원격 플라즈마 생성기에 의해 생성된 수소의 플라즈마 여기 종과 같은 환원제일 수 있다. 제 1, 제 2 및/또는 다른 전구체가 증착된 막을 환원시키기 위하여 반응 챔버에 도입된 후에, 환원제가 반응 공간으로 펄싱 (또는 반응 공간에 생성) 될 수 있다. 환원제는, 예를 들어, 막 및/또는 기판에서 할로겐 원자 또는 산화 재료 (예를 들어, 산소 원자) 와 같은 불순물들을 제거하는데 사용될 수 있다. 환원제는 또한, NbMC 막에의 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 또는 준금속 (예를 들어, 보론) 의 혼입을 제어함으로써, 막의 성질/특성을 제어/조작하는데 사용될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서, 열적 및 플라즈마 사이클들이 증착된 막에서 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 농도를 제어하기 위하여 동일한 증착 프로세스에서 사용된다. 열적 사이클 대 플라즈마 사이클의 비는, 막에서 원하는 금속 (예를 들어, 알루미늄) 농도 및/또는 농도 프로파일을 달성하기 위하여 선택될 수 있다. 일부 실시형태들에서 증착 프로세스는 플라즈마 또는 여기된 종을 포함하지 않는다.
위에서 언급된 바처럼, 사용될 때, 플라즈마 파라미터들은 NbMC 층의 특성- 예를들어, NbMC 막에 혼입되는 금속 및/또는 준금속의 양 및/또는 니오븀 및/또는 금속 (및/또는 준금속) 대 탄소의 비를 수정하기 위하여 선택 또는 조작될 수 있다. 즉, 일부 실시형태들에서, 막 조성은 플라즈마 파라미터들의 함수로서 제어될 수 있다. 조성에 추가하여, 다른 막 특성들 이를테면 결정도, 결정 격자 상수, 저항률 및 결정 응력이, 적절한 플라즈마 파라미터들을 선택 및/또는 조정하는 것에 의해 조정될 수 있다.
"플라즈마 파라미터들" 은, 예를 들어, RF 전력 및 RF 주파수를 포함한다. 하나의 플라즈마 파라미터, 이를테면 RF 전력 또는 다수의 플라즈마 파라미터들, 즉, RF 전력 및 RF 주파수와 같은 플라즈마 파라미터들의 세트가 원하는 막 성질을 달성하기 위하여 하나 이상의 증착 사이클들에서 조정될 수 있다. 플라즈마 파라미터들은 원하는 조성을 갖는 NbMC 막을 산출하도록 선택될 수 있다. 일 예로서, RF 전력은 원하는 대로 화학양론 (stoichiometry) 에 영향을 주도록 선택될 수도 있다. 또 다른 예로서, 특정 플라즈마 펄스 지속시간 또는 RF 전력 온 시간이 원하는 조성을 획득하기 위하여 사용될 수 있다. 또 다른 예로서, 원하는 조성은 RF 전력, 반응물 펄스 지속시간, 및 반응물 유량의 조합을 선택하는 것에 의해 달성될 수 있다.
일부 경우들에서, 플라즈마 파라미터들은 원하는 구조물 일함수를 산출하기 위하여 게이트 전극의 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들을 형성하도록 선택된다. 또한, 플라즈마는 구조물에서 하나의 NbMC 층을 형성하기 위하여 사용될 수 있고 구조물 내의 또 다른 금속 카바이드 층을 형성하기 위하여 상이한 플라즈마 파라미터 세팅들과 함께 사용되거나 사용되지 않을 수 있다.
일부 경우들에서, 플라즈마 여기된 종들은 환원제, 이를테면 수소를 포함한다. 수소의 플라즈마 여기 종들은, 수소 라디칼 (H*) 및 수소 양이온들 (예를 들어, H+, H2+) 를 포함하지만, 이에 한정되지는 않는다. 수소의 플라즈마 여기 종들은, 예를 들어, 분자 수소 (H2) 또는 수소 함유 화합물 (예를 들어, 실란, 디실란, 트리실란, 디보란, 에탄, 에틸렌, 프로판, 프로필렌 등) 로부터 원격으로 또는 인시츄로 형성될 수 있다.
플라즈마 전구체 등과 같은 증착 파라미터들과 박막 조성 사이의 관계는, 파라미터(들) 을 선택하고 선택된 파라미터(들) 을 사용하여 원하는 두께의 막이 형성될 때까지 특정 증착 프로세스에 의해 NbMC 막을 증착하는 것에 의해 확립될 수 있다. 다음으로, 막 조성 및 특성이 결정될 수 있고, 원하는 경우, 또 다른 NbMC 막이 상이한 파라미터들을 이용하여 및/또는 상이한 성질들을 갖게 증착될 수 있다. 이 프로세스는 파라미터들과 막 조성 사이의 관계를 개발하기 위하여 상이한 파라미터들에 대해 반복될 수 있다. 적절한 반응 조건들을 선택함으로써, 원하는 조성 및/또는 성질을 가진 화합물 막이 형성될 수 있다.
이제 도면들을 참조하면, 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들을 포함하는 예시적인 구조들이 예시되어 있다. 도 1은, 기판 (102) 및 기판 (102) 위에 놓이는 NbMC 층 (104) 을 포함하는 구조물 (100) 을 예시한다.
기판 (102) 은, 층이 증착될 수 있는 표면을 갖는 임의의 재료를 포함할 수 있다. 기판 (102) 은 벌크 재료 이를테면 실리콘 (예를 들어, 단결정 실리콘) 을 포함할 수 있고 벌크 재료 위에 놓이는 하나 이상의 층들을 포함할 수도 있다. 또한, 기판은 기판의 적어도 일 부분 상에 또는 내부에 형성된 트렌치, 비아, 라인 등과 같은 다양한 특징부들을 포함할 수 있다. 특징부들은, 특징부의 높이를 특징부의 폭으로 나눈 것으로 정의되는 종횡비가, 예를 들어, 5 이상, 10 이상, 15 이상, 또는 20 이상일 수 있다.
NbMC 층 (104) 은 위에서 설명된 바처럼 형성될 수 있고 이산 (예를 들어, 라미네이트를 형성) 하거나 또는 혼합될 수 있는 하나 이상의 NbMC 막들/층들을 포함할 수 있다. NbMC 층 (104) 은 하나 이상의 프로세스들을 이용하여 형성될 수 있다.
도 2는 본 개시의 추가적인 예들에 따른 또 다른 구조물 (200) 을 예시한다. 구조물 (200) 은, 기판 (202), 유전 층 (204), 층 (예를 들어, 식각 저지 층) (206) 및 NbMC 층 (212) 을 포함한다. 예시된 예에서, NbMC 층 (212) 은 제 1 NbMC 층 (208) 및 제 2 NbMC 층 (210) 을 포함한다.
기판 (202) 은 기판 (102) 과 동일 또는 유사할 수 있다.
유전 층 (204) 은, 예를 들어, 고유전 상수 (고-k) 재료를 포함할 수 있다. 층 (204) 에 적합한 예시적인 유전 재료들은 실리콘 산화물, 실리콘 질화물, 및 고 유전 상수 재료들을 포함한다. 이러한 맥락에서, 고-k 유전 재료는 유전 상수 (k) 값이 실리콘 산화물보다 더 크다. 예를 들어, 고-k 재료는 유전 상수가 5 보다 더 크거나 또는 10 보다 더 클 수 있다. 예시적인 고-k 재료들은, HfO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Ta2O5, Sc2O3, 란타나이드 산화물 및 이들의 혼합물, 실리케이트 및 재료 이를테면 YSZ (이트리아-안정화 지르코니아), 바륨 스트론튬 티타네이트 (BST), 스트론튬 티타네이트 (ST), 스트론튬 비스무스 탄탈레이트 (SBT) 및 비스무스 탄탈레이트 (BT) 를 포함하지만, 이에 한정되지는 않는다. 고-k 유전 재료는 ALD 프로세스와 같은 순환 증착 프로세스에 의해 증착될 수 있다.
층 (206) 은, 예를 들어, 유전 층 위에 증착될 수 있는 TiN 을 포함할 수 있다. 층 (206) 은 식각 저지 층, 배리어 층 등으로서 작용할 수 있다.
제 1 및 제 2 NbMC 층들 (208 및 210) 은 위에 설명된 바처럼 형성될 수 있다. 제 1 및 제 2 NbMC 층들 (208 및 210) 은, 2개의 층들의 조성 및/또는 성질은 상이하도록 상이한 프로세스들을 이용하여 형성될 수 있다. 예로써, 제 1 NbMC 층 (208) 은 금속 할로겐화물 전구체 및 제 1 유기금속 전구체를 이용하여 형성될 수 있고 제 2 니오븀 금속 할로겐화물 층 (210) 은 금속 할로겐화물 및 제 2 유기금속 전구체를 이용하여 형성될 수 있다. 위에 언급된 바처럼, 따로따로 예시되었지만, 제 1 NbMC 층 (208) 및 제 2 NbMC 층 (210) 은 제 2 금속 카바이드 층 (210) 의 증착 동안 또는 후에 혼합될 수 있다. 또한, 제 1 및/또는 제 2 NbMC 층은 연속 또는 불연속적일 수 있다. 마지막으로, 2개의 NbMC 층들 (208, 210) 로 예시되었지만, 본 개시에 따른 다른 구조물들은 기판 (202), 층들 (204-206), 및 단일 NbMC 층을 포함한다.
도 3은 본 개시의 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 다른 구조물 (300) 을 예시한다. 구조물 (300) 은 기판 (302), 유전 층 (304), 층 (306), 및 제 1 금속 카바이드 층 (308), 제 2 금속 카바이드 층 (310), 및 제 3 금속 카바이드 층 (312) 을 포함하는 금속 카바이드 재료 (314) 를 포함한다. 기판 (302), 유전 층 (304), 및 층 (306) 은 기판 (102), 유전 층 (204), 및 층 (206) 과 동일 또는 유사할 수 있다. 예시된 예에서, 금속 카바이드 재료 (314) 는 3개의 층들을 포함한다. 본 개시의 예시적인 실시형태들에 따르면, 금속 카바이드 재료 (314) 의 인접 층들은 상이하다-예를 들어, 상이한 프로세스들에 의해 형성되거나 및/또는 상이한 조성들을 갖는다. 예로써, 제 1 금속 카바이드 층 (308) 은, 제 1 전이 금속 (예를 들어, 티타늄), 탄소 및 알루미늄을 포함할 수 있고; 제 2 금속 카바이드 층 (310) 은 니오븀, 탄소 및 알루미늄을 포함할수 있고, 제 3 금속 카바이드 층 (312) 은 제 1 전이 금속, 탄소 및 알루미늄을 포함할 수 있다. 제 1, 제 2, 및 제 3 금속 카바이드 층들은 별개 층들일 수 있거나 또는 층들 중 2개 이상이 혼합될 수 있다. 또한, 각각의 층은 연속 또는 불연속적일 수 있다. 추가적으로, 3개의 금속 카바이드 층들로 예시되었지만, 금속 카바이드 재료 (314) 및/또는 구조물 (300) 은 추가적인 금속 카바이드 층들, 그리고 유사한 구조물들에서 발견되는 다른 층들을 포함할 수 있다.
도 4는 본 개시의 예시적인 실시형태들에 따른 다른 구조물 (400) 을 예시한다. 구조물 (400) 은 기판 (402), 유전 층 (404), 층 (406), NbMC 재료 (408), 추가적인 층 (410) 및 금속 층 (412) 을 포함한다. 기판 (402), 유전 층 (404), 층 (406), 및 NbMC 층 (404) 은 도 1 내지 도 3 과 관련하여 위에서 설명된 각각의 층들과 동일 또는 유사할 수 있다. 예를 들어, NbMC 재료 (404) 는 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들 또는 다른 금속 카바이드 층들과 혼합 또는 라미네이트된 하나 이상의 NbMC 층들을 포함할 수 있다. 추가적인 층 (410) 은 층 (306) 과 동일 또는 유사할 수 있다. 금속 층 (412) 은 텅스텐 (W) 과 같은 임의의 적합한 금속을 포함할 수 있다.
도 5는 본 개시의 다양한 실시형태들에 따른 디바이스 (500) 를 예시한다. 본 개시의 범위 내의 다른 디바이스들은 본원에 설명된 구조물들과 같은 다른 구조물들을 포함할 수 있다. 예시된 예에서, 디바이스 (500) 는, 소스 영역 (504), 드레인 영역 (508), 및 그 사이에 채널 영역 (506) 을 갖는 기판 (502) 을 포함한다.
디바이스 (500) 는 또한, 유전 층 (510), 층 (512), NbMC 재료 (514), 선택적으로 추가적인 층 (516), 및 선택적으로 금속 층 (518) 을 포함한다. 유전 층 (510), 층 (512), NbMC 재료 (514), 추가적인 층 (516), 및 금속 층 (518) 은 구조물들 (100 내지 400) 과 관련하여 위에서 설명된 각각의 층들과 동일 또는 유사할 수 있다.
디바이스 (500) 는, NMOS 또는 PMOS 디바이스 중 어느 하나로서 구성될 수 있고 CMOS 디바이스의 부분을 형성할 수 있다. 디바이스 (500) 의 일함수는 NMOS 및 CMOS 디바이스들의 형성을 용이하게 하기 위하여 본원에 설명된 대로 튜닝될 수 있다.
여기에 기재된 구성들 및/또는 접근법들은 성질상 예시적이고, 이들 특정 실시형태들 또는 예들은 제한적인 의미로 고려되지 않아야 한다는 것이 이해되야 한다. 예시적인 방법들의 경우에, 여기에 기재된 특정 루틴 또는 단계들은 임의의 수의 처리 전략들 중 하나 이상을 나타낼 수 있다. 따라서, 예시된 다양한 행위들은 예시된 순서로 수행되거나, 다른 순서로 수행되거나, 동시에 수행되거나, 또는 몇몇 경우들에서 생략될 수 있다.
본 개시의 요지는 다양한 프로세스들, 층들, 구조물들 및 디바이스들의 모든 신규하고 비자명한 조합들 및 하위 조합, 그리고 여기에 개시된 다른 특징들, 기능들, 행위들 및/또는 성질들, 그리고 이들의 임의의 그리고 모든 균등물들을 포함한다.
Claims (19)
- 박막 구조물의 형성 방법으로서,
반응 공간 내에 기판을 제공하는 단계;
제 1 순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하여, 상기 기판의 표면에, NbAlC 를 포함하는 층을 형성하는 단계로서, 상기 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스는 Nb 를 포함하는 제 1 전구체 및 알루미늄 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 2 전구체에 상기 기판을 노출시키는 것을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 증착 사이클을 포함하는, 상기 NbAlC 를 포함하는 층을 형성하는 단계; 및
Nb 를 포함하는 제 3 전구체 및 금속 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 4 전구체에 교번하여 상기 기판을 노출시키는 것을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 증착 사이클을 포함하는 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하는 단계로서, 상기 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스 및 상기 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스는 상이한 적어도 하나의 전구체를 갖는, 상기 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 NbAlC 를 포함하는 상기 층의 조성은 약 30 원자 퍼센트 내지 약 60 원자 퍼센트의 탄소, 약 10 원자 퍼센트 내지 약 40 원자 퍼센트의 니오븀, 및 약 10 원자 퍼센트 내지 약 40 원자 퍼센트의 알루미늄을 포함하고,
상기 NbAlC 를 포함하는 상기 층의 두께는 50 Å 미만이며, 그리고
상기 NbAlC 를 포함하는 상기 층을 포함한, 상기 구조물의 유효 일함수는 약 4.1 내지 약 4.6 eV 인, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 1 전구체는 니오븀 할로겐화물을 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 니오븀 할로겐화물은 니오븀 염화물을 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 1 순환 증착 프로세스는 원자층 증착 순환 프로세스를 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 반응 공간에 하나 이상의 플라즈마 여기 종을 도입하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 2 전구체는 유기금속 전구체를 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 2 전구체는 트리에틸알루미늄 (TEA) 을 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 2 전구체는 트리터트부틸알루미늄 (TTBA) 을 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 4 전구체는 트리터트부틸알루미늄 (TTBA) 을 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 NbAlC 층은 NMOS 금속 게이트 구조물의 부분이고 상기 구조물에서 상기 금속 게이트의 일함수는 약 4.1 내지 약 4.6 eV 인, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 증착 사이클은 상기 기판을 퍼지 가스에 노출시키는 것 및/또는 과잉 제 1 전구체 및 반응 부산물이 있다면 상기 기판으로부터 제거하는 것; 및 상기 기판을 상기 퍼지 가스에 노출시키는 것 및/또는 과잉 제 2 전구체 및 반응 부산물이 있다면 상기 기판으로부터 제거하는 것을 더 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 NbAlC 층은 원자 기준으로 적어도 약 20% 의 알루미늄을 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 NbAlC 층 저항률은 약 1000 μohm-cm 미만인, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제 2 전구체는 C2-C4 알킬 리간드를 포함하는 알루미늄 탄화수소 화합물을 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 NbAlC 층을 증착하기 전에 TiN 을 포함하는 층을 증착하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
Nb 를 포함하는 제 1 전구체 및 알루미늄 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 2 전구체에 교번하여 상기 기판을 노출시키는 단계를 더 포함하는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 박막 구조물의 형성 방법으로서,
반응 공간 내에 기판을 제공하는 단계;
순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하여, 상기 기판의 표면에, NbMC 를 포함하는 층을 형성하는 단계로서, M 은 하나 이상의 금속 및 준금속을 포함하고, 상기 순환 증착 프로세스는 상기 기판의 표면에 Nb 를 포함하는 제 1 전구체와 하나 이상의 금속 및 준금속 및 탄소를 포함하는 제 2 전구체를 교번하여 제공하는 것을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 증착 사이클을 포함하는, 상기 NbMC 를 포함하는 층을 형성하는 단계; 및
Nb 를 포함하는 제 3 전구체 및 제 4 전구체에 교번하여 상기 기판을 노출시키는 것을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 증착 사이클을 포함하는 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하는 단계로서, 상기 제 3 전구체는 상기 제 1 전구체와 상이한 것, 및 상기 제 4 전구체는 상기 제 2 전구체와 상이한 것 중 적어도 하나인, 상기 제 2 순환 증착 프로세스를 이용하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 NbMC 를 포함하는 상기 층의 조성은 약 30 원자 퍼센트 내지 약 60 원자 퍼센트의 탄소, 약 10 원자 퍼센트 내지 약 40 원자 퍼센트의 니오븀, 및 약 10 원자 퍼센트 내지 약 40 원자 퍼센트의 금속 및 준금속 중 적어도 하나를 포함하고,
상기 NbMC 를 포함하는 상기 층의 두께는 50 Å 미만이며, 그리고
상기 NbMC 를 포함하는 상기 층을 포함한, 상기 박막 구조물의 유효 일함수는 약 4.1 내지 약 4.6 eV 인, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 17 항에 있어서,
상기 순환 증착 프로세스는 반응 공간 내에서 수행되는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법. - 제 17 항에 있어서,
상기 순환 증착 프로세스는 공간 증착 반응기를 이용하여 수행되는, 박막 구조물의 형성 방법.
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US20190140067A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
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TW201728779A (zh) | 2017-08-16 |
US11233133B2 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
US20170117141A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
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