JP6254036B2 - 三次元積層装置及び三次元積層方法 - Google Patents
三次元積層装置及び三次元積層方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6254036B2 JP6254036B2 JP2014074058A JP2014074058A JP6254036B2 JP 6254036 B2 JP6254036 B2 JP 6254036B2 JP 2014074058 A JP2014074058 A JP 2014074058A JP 2014074058 A JP2014074058 A JP 2014074058A JP 6254036 B2 JP6254036 B2 JP 6254036B2
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Description
複数の前記半導体レーザで出力され、それぞれの前記集光部で集光されたレーザ光が1つの光ファイバに入射されることが好ましい。
2 三次元積層室
3 予備室
4 積層ヘッド収納室
4a、5a Z軸スライド部
5 機械加工部収納室
6、7 扉
10 ベッド
11 テーブル部
12 積層ヘッド
13 機械加工部
15 Y軸スライド部
16 X軸スライド部
17 回転テーブル部
18、19 ベローズ
20 制御装置
22 工具
23 ノズル
24 先端部
25 空気排出部
30 形状計測部
31、31a 加熱ヘッド
32 機械加工部計測部
33 工具交換部
34 ノズル交換部
35、35A 粉末導入部
36 基台移動部
37 空気排出部
38 ガス導入部
39 粉末回収部
41 外管
42 内管
43 粉末流路
44 レーザ経路
46 本体
47 光源
48 光ファイバ
49 集光部
51 入力部
52 制御部
53 記憶部
54 出力部
55 通信部
56 先端
57 光源部
58 撮像部
81、81A 粉末収納部
82、82A 粉末識別部
83 カートリッジ
84 材料表示部
85 導入部
86 サイクロン部
87 気体排出部
88 粉末排出部
91 台座
92、93 成形層
95 円板部
96 ねじ穴部
97 軸部
98 円錐台部
99 部材
100 基台部
102、104、106、108 矢印
110、112、114 回転軸
120、120a 温度検出部
130 質量検出部
140 焦点位置調整部
150 粉末供給管
152 分配部
154 分岐管
156 混合部
156a 撹拌板
158 整流装置
162 レーザ光
164 測定波
182 ハーフミラー
190 プラズマ発光検出部
192 反射光検出部
502、502a 光源ユニット
504、504a 加熱位置調整機構
512、520、560 ミラー
514、514a ガルバノミラー
522、562 角度位置調整機構
532 領域
540、540a 半導体レーザ
542 集光部
544 光ファイバ
550 合波部
551 コリメートレンズ
552 回折格子
554 集光部
A 溶融体
B 固化体
L レーザ光
P 粉末
P1、P2 位置
Claims (22)
- 基台部に成形層を積層させて三次元形状を形成する三次元積層装置であって、
前記基台部に向かって粉末材料を噴射する粉末供給部と、
前記粉末材料に光ビームを照射し、前記光ビームが照射された前記粉末材料の少なくとも一部を溶融固化させて前記成形層を形成する光照射部と、
前記基台部または成形層の前記光ビームが照射される位置を通過した下流側領域または前記光ビームが照射される位置を通過する前の上流側領域を選択的に加熱する加熱部と、
前記粉末供給部、前記光照射部及び前記加熱部の動作を制御する制御装置と、を有し、
前記加熱部は、前記光照射部の側方に回転可能に支持され、
前記光照射部の光源と前記加熱部の光源とは、互いに異なる、
三次元積層装置。 - 前記粉末供給部は、前記基台部に向かって前記粉末材料を噴射し、
前記光照射部は、前記粉末供給部から前記基台部に向けて移動する前記粉末材料に光ビームを照射し、前記粉末材料を溶融させて、溶融した前記粉末材料を前記基台部上で固化させて前記成形層を形成する請求項1に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記粉末供給部は、前記光照射部の外周に同心円状に配置され、前記光照射部の前記光ビームが通過する経路を囲う内管と前記内管を覆う外管との間が前記粉末材料の流れる粉末流路となる請求項2に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記光照射部及び前記粉末供給部と、前記基台部と、を相対移動させる移動機構を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記移動機構によって前記基台部に対して前記光照射部及び前記粉末供給部が通過する経路を決定する請求項2または3に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記加熱部は、光ビームを出力する光源ユニットを有し、
前記光源ユニットから出力する光ビームを照射して加熱を行う請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記光ビームは、レーザ光である請求項5に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記加熱部は、前記光源ユニットから出力された光ビームを反射するミラー及び前記ミラーの角度を調整する角度調整機構を備える照射位置調整機構を備える請求項5または6に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記照射位置調整機構は、前記ミラーの角度を所定の速度パターンで回動させることで、前記成形層と前記加熱部の相対移動方向に直交する方向に前記光ビームを走査させる、請求項7に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記光源ユニットは、レーザ光を出力する半導体レーザと、前記半導体レーザから出力されたレーザ光を集光する集光部と、前記集光部で集光されたレーザ光が入射される光ファイバとを有する請求項7又は請求項8に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記光源ユニットは、前記半導体レーザと前記集光部とを複数有し、
複数の前記半導体レーザで出力され、それぞれの前記集光部で集光されたレーザ光が1つの光ファイバに入射される請求項9に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記半導体レーザは、垂直発光型半導体レーザである請求項9に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記半導体レーザを複数有し、
前記集光部は、複数の前記半導体レーザのそれぞれに配置されたコリメートレンズと、
複数の前記コリメートレンズでコリメートされたレーザ光を合波して前記光ファイバに入射させる合波部と、を有する請求項11に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記成形層の表面の温度と分布を検出する温度検出部を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記温度検出部による前記成形層の表面温度の計測結果に応じて、前記加熱部による加熱を制御する請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記温度検出部は、前記光照射部と前記加熱部との間に配置され、前記光照射部によって光ビームが照射される位置と、前記加熱部によって加熱される領域との両方の温度を計測する請求項13に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記成形層の表面形状を計測する形状計測部を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記温度検出部による前記成形層の表面温度の計測結果と、前記形状計測部による前記成形層の表面形状の計測結果との両方に基づいて、前記加熱部による加熱を制御する請求項12に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記成形層の表面のプラズマ発光を検出するプラズマ発光検出部を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記プラズマ発光検出部による計測結果に応じて、前記加熱部による加熱を制御する請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記成形層の表面からの反射光を検出する反射光検出部を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記反射光検出部による計測結果に応じて、前記加熱部による加熱を制御する請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記光照射部と前記加熱部の相対位置を切り換える切換機構を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記下流側領域を加熱するか前記上流側領域を加熱するかに応じて、前記切換機構により前記光照射部と前記加熱部の相対位置を制御する請求項1に記載の三次元積層装置。 - 前記加熱部は、前記下流側領域を加熱する場合には第1の相対位置に配置され、前記上流側領域を加熱する場合には前記第1の相対位置とは異なる第2の相対位置に配置される、請求項18に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記加熱部は、前記下流側領域を加熱することで、前記光照射部の照射する光ビームによって形成された前記成形層の減温速度を調整する、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 前記光照射部は、前記基台部と前記粉末供給部との間の空間において前記粉末供給部から前記基台部に向けて噴射されている前記粉末材料に光ビームを照射し、前記光ビームが照射された前記粉末材料の少なくとも一部を前記空間で焼結または溶融させて液滴状の溶融体を形成し、前記空間から前記基台部に落下した前記溶融体を固化させて前記成形層を形成する、請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載の三次元積層装置。
- 基台部に成形層を積層して三次元形状物を形成する三次元積層方法であって、
前記基台部に向かって粉末材料を粉末供給部から噴射し、
前記粉末材料に第1の光源を含む光照射部から光ビームを照射することにより、前記光ビームが照射された前記粉末材料の少なくとも一部を溶融固化させて前記基台部上に成形層を形成し、
前記基台部または成形層の前記光ビームが照射される位置を通過した下流側領域または前記光ビームが照射される位置を通過する前の上流側領域に、前記第1の光源とは異なる第2の光源を含む加熱部から光ビームを照射して選択的に加熱し、
前記下流側領域を加熱する場合は、前記加熱部を前記光照射部に対して回転させ第1の相対位置に配置し、前記上流側領域を加熱する場合は、前記加熱部を前記光照射部に対して回転させ前記第1の相対位置とは異なる第2の相対位置に配置する、三次元積層方法。
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