CN102505114A - 基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法 - Google Patents

基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102505114A
CN102505114A CN2012100005190A CN201210000519A CN102505114A CN 102505114 A CN102505114 A CN 102505114A CN 2012100005190 A CN2012100005190 A CN 2012100005190A CN 201210000519 A CN201210000519 A CN 201210000519A CN 102505114 A CN102505114 A CN 102505114A
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郭辉
张克基
张玉明
邓鹏飞
雷天民
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Xidian University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法，主要解决现有技术中制备的石墨烯表面不光滑、连续性不好、层数不均匀的问题。其实现步骤是：先对SiC样片进行标准清洗；再将清洗后的SiC样片置于石英管中，利用Ar气携带CCl4蒸汽进入石英管，在750-1150℃下SiC与气态CCl4反应，生成双层碳膜；然后在Si基体上电子束沉积350-600nm厚的Ni膜；再将生成的双层碳膜样片的碳面置于Ni膜上，并将它们一同置于Ar气中，在温度为900-1100℃下退火10-20min生成双层石墨烯；最后将Ni膜从双层石墨烯样片上取开。本发明具有工艺简单，安全性高，双层石墨烯表面光滑，连续性好，孔隙率低的优点，可用于对气体和液体的密封。

Description

基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于微电子技术领域，涉及半导体薄膜材料及其制备方法，具体地说是基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法。
技术背景
石墨烯出现在实验室中是在2004年，当时，英国曼彻斯特大学的两位科学家安德烈·杰姆和克斯特亚·诺沃消洛夫发现他们能用一种非常简单的方法得到越来越薄的石墨薄片。他们从石墨中剥离出石墨片，然后将薄片的两面粘在一种特殊的胶带上，撕开胶带，就能把石墨片一分为二。不断地这样操作，于是薄片越来越薄，最后，他们得到了仅由一层碳原子构成的薄片，这就是石墨烯。从这以后，制备石墨烯的新方法层出不穷，但使用最多的主要有以下两种：
1.化学气相沉积法提供了一种可控制备石墨烯的有效方法，它是将平面基底，如金属薄膜、金属单晶等置于高温可分解的前驱体，如甲烷、乙烯等气氛中，通过高温退火使碳原子沉积在基底表面形成石墨烯，最后用化学腐蚀法去除金属基底后即可得到独立的石墨烯片。通过选择基底的类型、生长的温度、前驱体的流量等参数可调控石墨烯的生长，如生长速率、厚度、面积等，此方法最大的缺点在于获得的石墨烯片层与衬底相互作用强，丧失了许多单层石墨烯的性质，而且石墨烯的连续性不是很好。
2.热分解SiC法：将单晶SiC加热以通过使表面上的SiC分解而除去Si，随后残留的碳形成石墨烯。然而，SiC热分解中使用的单晶SiC非常昂贵，并且生长出来的石墨烯呈岛状分布，孔隙多，层数不均匀。
现有的石墨烯的制备方法，如申请号为200810113596.0的“化学气相沉积法制备石墨烯的方法”专利，公开的方法是：首先制备催化剂，然后进行高温化学气相沉积，将带有催化剂的衬底放入无氧反应器中，使衬底达到500-1200℃，再通入含碳气源进行化学沉积而得到石墨烯，然后对石墨烯进行提纯(即酸处理或低压、高温下蒸发)除去催化剂。该方法的主要缺点是：工艺复杂，需要专门去除催化剂，能源消耗大，生产成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述已有技术的不足，提出一种基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法，以提高石墨烯表面光滑度和连续性、降低孔隙率。
为实现上述目的，本发明的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)对SiC样片进行清洗，以去除表面污染物；
(2)将清洗后的SiC样片置于石英管中，加热至750-1150℃；
(3)对装有CCl4液体的三口烧瓶加热至60-80℃，利用Ar气携带CCl4蒸汽进入石英管中与SiC反应，生成双层碳膜，反应时间为20-100min；
(4)在Si衬底样片上采用电子束沉积350-600nm厚的Ni膜；
(5)将生成的双层碳膜样片的碳面置于Ni膜上，再将它们一同置于Ar气中在温度为900-1100℃下退火10-20分钟，使双层碳膜重构成双层石墨烯，最后从双层石墨烯样片上取开Ni膜。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
1.本发明使用的方法工艺简单，节约能源，安全性高。
2.本发明由于利用SiC与CCl4气体反应，因而生成的双层石墨烯表面光滑，孔隙率低，可用于对气体和液体的密封。
3.本发明由于利用在Ni膜上退火，因而生成的碳膜更容易重构形成连续性较好的石墨烯。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备石墨烯的装置示意图；
图2是本发明制备石墨烯的流程图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，本发明的制备设备主要由三通阀门3，三口烧瓶8，水浴锅9，石英管5，电阻炉6组成；三通阀门3通过第一通道1与石英管5相连，通过第二通道2与三口烧瓶8的左侧口相连，而三口烧瓶8的右侧口与石英管5相连，三口烧瓶中装有CCl4液体，且其放置在水浴锅9中，石英管5放置在电阻炉6中。
参照图2，本发明的制作方法给出如下三种实施例。
实施例1
步骤1：清洗6H-SiC样片，以去除表面污染物。
(1.1)对6H-SiC衬底基片使用NH4OH+H2O2试剂浸泡样品10分钟，取出后烘干，以去除样品表面有机残余物；
(1.2)将去除表面有机残余物后的6H-SiC样片再使用HCl+H2O2试剂浸泡样品10分钟，取出后烘干，以去除离子污染物。
步骤2：将6H-SiC样片装入石英管，并排气加热。
(2.1)将清洗后的6H-SiC样片放入石英管5中，并把石英管置于电阻炉6中；
(2.2)检查整个制备设备的气密性，从进气口4通入流速为80ml/min的Ar气，并利用三通阀门3控制Ar气从第一通道1进入对石英管进行排空30分钟，使石英管内的空气从出气口7排出；
(2.3)打开电阻炉电源开关，对石英管升温至750℃。
步骤3：生长双层碳膜。
(3.1)打开水浴锅9电源，对装有CCl4液体的三口烧瓶8加热至60℃；
(3.2)当电阻炉达到设定的750℃后，旋转三通阀门，使流速为40ml/min的Ar气从第二通道2流入三口烧瓶，并携带CCl4蒸汽进入石英管，使气态CCl4与6H-SiC在石英管中发生反应，生成双层碳膜，反应时间为20分钟。
步骤4：取Si衬底样片放入电子束蒸发镀膜机中的基底载玻片上，基底到靶材的距离为50cm，将反应室压强抽至5×10-4Pa，调节束流为40mA，蒸发10min，在Si衬底样片上沉积一层350nm厚的Ni膜。
步骤5：重构成双层石墨烯。
(5.1)将生成的双层碳膜样片从石英管中取出，将其碳面置于Ni膜上；
(5.2)将双层碳膜样片和Ni膜整体置于流速为20ml/min的Ar气中，在温度为900℃下退火20分钟，通过金属Ni的催化作用使碳膜重构成连续的石墨烯；
(5.3)将Ni膜从双层石墨烯样片上取开。
实施例2
步骤一：清洗4H-SiC样片，以去除表面污染物。
对4H-SiC衬底基片先使用NH4OH+H2O2试剂浸泡样品10分钟，取出后烘干，以去除样品表面有机残余物；再使用HCl+H2O2试剂浸泡样品10分钟，取出后烘干，以去除离子污染物。
步骤二：将4H-SiC样片装入石英管，并排气加热。
将清洗后的4H-SiC样片置于石英管5中，并把石英管置于电阻炉6中；检查整个制备设备的气密性，从进气口4通入流速为80ml/min的Ar气，并利用三通阀门3控制Ar气从第一通道1进入对石英管进行排空30分钟，使石英管内的空气从出气口7排出；打开电阻炉电源开关，对石英管升温至900℃。
步骤三：生长双层碳膜。
打开水浴锅9电源，对装有CCl4液体的三口烧瓶8加热至70℃；当电阻炉达到设定的900℃后，旋转三通阀门，使流速为60ml/min的Ar气从第二通道2流入三口烧瓶，并携带CCl4蒸汽进入石英管，使气态CCl4与4H-SiC在石英管中发生反应，生成双层碳膜，反应时间为60分钟。
步骤四：取Si衬底样片放入电子束蒸发镀膜机中的基底载玻片上，基底到靶材的距离为50cm，将反应室压强抽至5×10-4Pa，调节束流为40mA，蒸发15min，在Si衬底样片上沉积一层400nm厚的Ni膜。
步骤五：重构成双层石墨烯。
将生成的双层碳膜样片从石英管中取出，将其碳面置于Ni膜上，再将它们一同置于流速为60ml/min的Ar气中温度为1000℃下退火15分钟，通过金属Ni的催化作用使碳膜重构成连续的石墨烯，再将Ni膜从双层石墨烯样片上取开。
实施例3
步骤A：对6H-SiC衬底基片进行表面清洁处理，即先使用NH4OH+H2O2试剂浸泡样品10分钟，取出后烘干，以去除样品表面有机残余物；再使用HCl+H2O2试剂浸泡样品10分钟，取出后烘干，以去除离子污染物。
步骤B：将清洗后的6H-SiC样片置于石英管5中，并把石英管置于电阻炉6中；检查整个制备设备的气密性，从进气口4通入流速为80ml/min的Ar气，并利用三通阀门3控制Ar气从第一通道1进入对石英管进行排空30分钟，使石英管内的空气从出气口7排出；打开电阻炉电源开关，对石英管升温至1150℃。
步骤C：打开水浴锅9电源，对装有CCl4液体的三口烧瓶8加热至80℃；当电阻炉达到设定的1150℃后，旋转三通阀门，使流速为90ml/min的Ar气从第二通道2流入三口烧瓶，并携带CCl4蒸汽进入石英管，使气态CCl4与6H-SiC在石英管中反应100分钟，生成双层碳膜。
步骤D：取Si衬底样片放入电子束蒸发镀膜机中的基底载玻片上，基底到靶材的距离为50cm，将反应室压强抽至5×10-4Pa，调节束流为40mA，蒸发20min，在Si衬底样片上沉积一层600nm厚的Ni膜。
步骤E：将生成的双层碳膜样片从石英管中取出，将其碳面置于Ni膜上，再将它们一同置于流速为100ml/min的Ar气中温度为1100℃下退火10分钟，通过金属Ni的催化作用使碳膜重构成连续的石墨烯，再将Ni膜从双层石墨烯样片上取开。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)对SiC样片进行清洗，以去除表面污染物；
(2)将清洗后的SiC样片置于石英管中，加热至750-1150℃；
(3)对装有CCl4液体的三口烧瓶加热至60-80℃，利用Ar气携带CCl4蒸汽进入石英管中与SiC反应，生成双层碳膜，反应时间为20-100min；
(4)在Si衬底样片上采用电子束沉积350-600nm厚的Ni膜；
(5)将生成的双层碳膜样片的碳面置于Ni膜上，再将它们一同置于Ar气中在温度为900-1100℃下退火10-20分钟，使双层碳膜重构成双层石墨烯，最后从双层石墨烯样片上取开Ni膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤(1)对SiC样片进行清洗，按如下步骤进行：
(1a)使用NH4OH+H2O2试剂浸泡SiC样片10分钟，取出后烘干，以去除样片表面有机残余物；
(1b)使用HCl+H2O2试剂浸泡样片10分钟，取出后烘干，以去除离子污染物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤(3)中Ar气流速为40-90ml/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤(4)中电子束沉积的条件为基底到靶材的距离为50cm，反应室压强为5×10-4Pa，束流为40mA，蒸发时间为10-20min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法，其特征在于所述步骤(5)退火时Ar气的流速为20-100ml/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于Ni膜辅助退火的SiC衬底上石墨烯制备方法，其特征在于所述SiC样片的晶型采用4H-SiC或6H-SiC。
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Application publication date: 20120620