JP2012522901A - 半導体プロセス反応器及びその構成要素 - Google Patents

半導体プロセス反応器及びその構成要素 Download PDF

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JP2012522901A
JP2012522901A JP2012504786A JP2012504786A JP2012522901A JP 2012522901 A JP2012522901 A JP 2012522901A JP 2012504786 A JP2012504786 A JP 2012504786A JP 2012504786 A JP2012504786 A JP 2012504786A JP 2012522901 A JP2012522901 A JP 2012522901A
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シェロ,エリック
バーギース,モヒス
ホワイト,カール
ターホスト,ヘルベルト
モーリス,ダン
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Abstract

反応器は、反応チャンバ(16)及び排気アッセンブリ(18)に作動的に接続されたガス供給システム(14)を含むハウジングを有する。ガス供給システムは、少なくとも一つのプロセスガスを反応チャンバに提供する複数のガスラインを含む。ガス供給システムは更に少なくとも一つのプロセスガスを収容するミキサ(20)を含む。ミキサは、プロセスガスを放散するように構成されたディフューザ(22)に作動的に接続される。ディフューザは、反応チャンバの上面(24)に直接的に取り付けられ、それによって、それらの間にディフューザ容積を形成する。ディフューザは、プロセスガスが反応チャンバに導入される前にディフューザ容積を通過する際にプロセスガスに流れ制限を提供するように構成された少なくとも一つの分配表面を含む。反応チャンバは、半導体基板が処理のために配置される反応空間を画定する。排気アッセンブリは、反応していないプロセスガスを引き込むために反応チャンバに作動的に接続され、反応空間から放出する。
【選択図】図2

Description

(関連出願についてのクロスリファレンス)
本出願は、2009年4月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/167093及び2010年4月5日に出願された通常の米国出願第12/754223に対して合衆国法典35巻119条(e)に基づいて優先権を主張する。
本出願は、概ね、半導体処理装置に関し、特に、基板反応チャンバにプロセスガスを供給するための装置及びシステムに関する。
原子層堆積(“ALD”)は、シリコンウェハなどの基板上に材料の薄膜を形成するための半導体業界でよく知られているプロセスである。ALDは、膜が堆積層の数によって決定される膜の厚さを持つ複数の超薄層の堆積によって構築される蒸着の一種である。ALDプロセスでは、堆積される材料の一つ以上の化合物(前駆体)の気体分子が基板上にその材料の薄膜を形成するために基板またはウェハに供給される。一つのパルスでは、第1の前駆体物質は、基板上に自己限定的プロセスで大部分がそのまま吸着される。前駆体物質は、所望の物質の単分子層を形成するために、その後の反応物パルスに分解されることがあります。また、吸着前駆体物質は、化合物の単分子層を形成するために、その後の反応物パルスの反応物と反応することができる。ターゲットの厚さが達成されるまで厚い膜が繰り返される成長サイクルを通じて生産される。
ALDプロセスでは、被覆される少なくとも一つの面を持つ一つ以上の基板は、反応器または堆積チャンバに導入される。基板は、凝縮温度以上で選択された気相反応物の熱分解温度以下の所望の温度に加熱される。一つの反応は、基板表面に所望の生成物を形成するために反応前の吸着種と反応することができる。製品は、フィルム、ライナー、または層の形態とすることができる。
ALDプロセス中、そのすべてが一般的に蒸気またはガス状である反応パルスは、反応物パルス間の除去ステップで反応器内に連続してパルスされる。例えば、不活性ガスのパルスは、反応物のパルス間で提供される。不活性ガスは、ガス相混合またはCVDの型の反応を避けるために、次の反応物パルスの前に、一つの反応物パルスのチャンバを浄化する。ALDの特徴は、飽和表面状態に達するまで、それぞれの反応物を基板に供給されていることである。サイクルは、所望の厚さの原子層を形成するために繰り返される。自己限定的な成長を得るために、各前駆体の十分な量が、基板を飽和させるために用意される。成長率は、自己限定的であるため、成長の速度は、CVDのように反応物の流れでなく反応シーケンスの繰り返し率に比例する。
ALD処理に使用される典型的な反応チャンバは、上プレートとトッププレートを通じて形成されたスロットを有する底プレートを含む。スロットは、プロセスガスがそこを通って反応チャンバに導入されることを許容し、スロットはガスの流れの主要なアクセスに対して垂直に配置された実質的に線形の開口である。しかし、スロットを介して反応チャンバに導入されたプロセスガスは、通常、反応チャンバを介してプロセスガスが流れる際に、スロットの幅全体に沿って同じ流速を有するため、プロセスガスがウェハの前縁と接触する総時間は、反応チャンバの幅ごとに異なる。言い換えれば、スロットを介して反応チャンバに導入されるプロセスガスの速度は、スロットの幅にわたって実質的に一定であるが、図1に示されるように、基板の前縁と接触するために反応チャンバの縁近傍でガスが反応チャンバに導入される時間は、基板の前縁と接触するために反応チャンバの中心線近傍でガスが反応チャンバに導入される時間よりも大きい。従って、反応チャンバの中心線近傍の基板の前縁は、反応チャンバの側壁に近い基板の最も横方向の縁がプロセスガスにさらされる前に、大量のプロセスガスにさらされる。これは、通常、前駆体が反応チャンバの中心線近傍の基板の前縁に吸着する際に、プロセスガス中の前駆体の濃度が減少するために、反応チャンバの中心線近傍の基板の前縁が多くのALDサイクルで基板の側縁よりも大きい堆積厚を有することに起因する。基板の前縁から後縁に基板上を流れるプロセスガス内の前駆体濃度の減少、及び、反応チャンバの側縁に対する縦中心線科rsの同様の濃度の減少が基板上に均一でない体積を生じる。したがって、スロットから基板の前縁の対応する場所まで移動するプロセスの時間が反応チャンバの幅にわたって均一であるように、スロットを介して反応チャンバに導入プロセスガスの理想的な滞留時間分布は、スロットの幅全体にわたって実質的に同じであるべきである。
滞留時間分布(“RTD”)は、一定時間の輪郭であり(すなわち、固定の場所に到達するための流体要素の時間は一定である)、図1Bに示されるように、RTDの形状が基板の前縁全体に対応するように最適されるべきである。従って、反応チャンバの中心線近傍の基板の側縁から前縁まで基板の前縁全体にわたって実質的に同じ濃度を有するプロセスガスの波がある。
したがって、基板全体にわたってより均一な成膜を製造するために、反応チャンバの中にプロセスガスを導入するスロットと基板の前縁との間であらかじめ決められたRTDになるようにプロセスガスが反応チャンバの中に導入されるように、プロセスガスを分配するガス供給システムの必要性がある。
本発明の一態様では、反応チャンバに少なくとも一つのプロセスガスを提供するためのガス供給システムが提供される。ガス供給システムは、反応チャンバと流体連通しているディフューザを含む。ディフューザは、反応チャンバの上面に直接接続される。プロセスガスを分配するためのディフューザの容積は、ディフューザと反応チャンバの上面との間で画定される。
本発明の別の態様では、反応チャンバ内にプロセスガスを導入する前に少なくとも一つのプロセスガスを分配するためのディフューザが提供される。ディフューザは、プロセスガスを収容するためのそこを通って形成されたチャネルを有する入口部分を含む。ディフューザは、さらに入口部分に接続されている分配部分を含む。分配部分は、取り付け面、第1分配面、第2分配面、第3分配面及び第4分配面を備え、取り付け面、第1分配面、第第2分配面、第3分配面及び第4分配面は、第1側面と第2側面との間で側方に延びる。第1側面及び第2側面は、第1分配面、第第2分配面、第3分配面及び第4分配面と、取り付け面との間に延びる。
本発明のさらに別の態様では、半導体基板を処理する反応器が提供される。反応器はディフューザを含む。ディフューザは、少なくとも第1の湿った表面を有する。反応器は、ディフューザに作動的に接続された反応チャンバを更に含む。反応チャンバは、ディフューザと流体連通し、少なくとも第2の湿った表面を有する。第1の湿った表面及、第2の湿った表面又は第3の湿った表面の少なくとも一つに表面織地を含む。表面織地は、約50−250Raの表面粗さを有する。
本発明の利点は、図示によって示され説明された本発明の実施形態の以下の説明から当業者に明らかになるであろう。実現されるように、本発明は、他の及び異なる実施形態が可能であり、その詳細は様々な点で変更が可能である。従って、図面及び説明は、本質的に例示し、制限的ではないとみなされる。
図1Aは、当分野で一般的に使用される反応チャンバを通じてプロセスガスの滞留時間分布の図である。 図1Bは、反応チャンバを通じてプロセスガスの好適な滞留時間分布の図である。 図2は、ガス分配システム、反応チャンバ及び排気システムの実施形態の上斜視図である。 図3は、図に示されたガス分配システム、反応チャンバ及び排気システムの分解図である。 図4は、線4−4に沿って切断された図2に示されたガス分配システム、反応チャンバ及び排気システムの断面図である。 図5Aは、ディフューザの実施形態の上斜視図である。 図5Bは、図5Aに示されたディフューザの底斜視図である。 図5Cは、図5Aに示されたディフューザの底平面図である。 図5Dは、図5Aに示されたディフューザの後平面図である。 図5Eは、線X−Xに沿って切断された図5Cに示されたディフューザの断面図である。 図5Fは、図5Eに示されたディフューザの一部分の拡大断面図である。 図6Aは、反応チャンバの上プレートの実施形態の上斜視図である。 図6Bは、図6Aに示された上プレートの上平面図である。 図6Cは、図6Aに示された上プレートの底平面図である。 図6Dは、線F−Fに沿って切断された図6Bに示された上プレートの断面図である。 図6Eは、図4に示されたガス分配システム及び反応チャンバの一部分の拡大断面図である。 図7Aは、反応チャンバの底プレートの実施形態の上斜視図である。 図7Bは、図7Aに示された底プレートの上平面図である。 図7Cは、図7Aに示された底プレートの底平面図である。 図7Dは、線D−D’に沿って切断された図7Bに示された底プレートの断面図である。 図8は、排気シムの実施形態の上平面図である。
図2−4を参照すると、半導体処理ツールで使用するための反応器10の例示的な実施形態が示される。反応体10は、ハウジング12、ガス供給システム14、反応チャンバ16、及び排気アッセンブリ18を含む。ハウジング12は、半導体基板を処理することのできるチャンバを形成している。反応器10は、反応チャンバ16内に挿入された半導体基板を収容するように構成されている。一度反応チャンバ16において、エッチング処理、成膜工程、ベーキング工程、または当業者に公知の任意の他のプロセスを含む多くの異なるプロセスや化学反応が、基板上に行うことができる。基板を反応チャンバ16内で処理された後、基板は除去され、別の基板が、その後処理される反応チャンバ16に挿入されることができる。実施形態において、ハウジング12は、処理のコンポーネントが格納されている減圧チャンバを提供する。別の実施形態において、ハウジング12は、大気圧のまままたはその付近でチャンバを提供する。
図2−4を参照すると、ガス供給システム14、反応チャンバ16、及び排気アセンブリ18の例示的な実施形態が示される。ガス供給システム14は、ディフューザ22と流体連通しているミキサ20にガスを送出するために構成されたガスラインを複数有している。ディフューザ22は、半導体基板が処理される反応チャンバ16に作動的かつ流動的に接続される。反応チャンバ16は、上部板24及び底板26を含み、上部プレート24と下部プレート26はそれらの内部に反応空間28を画定する。サセプタ30は、反応チャンバ16に対して昇降するように構成され、基板32を反応空間28に挿入すると共に基板32をそこから取り除く。排気アセンブリ18は、反応チャンバ16に作動的かつ流動的に接続され、プロセスガスを取り出し、そこから流出する。図4に示されるように、ミキサ20、拡散板22、反応チャンバ16、及び排気アセンブリ18を通るガスの流路Aが示される。特に、ミキサ20及びディフューザ22を流れるガスは、実質的反対の方向に流れ、これらのガスの方向は、反応チャンバ16を通って流れる。
図2−3に示すように、ガス供給システム14はミキサ20に作動的に接続されているガスラインを複数有している。実施形態では、ミキサ20に反応ガスや液体を導入するためのガスラインは、第1反応ガスライン34、第2反応ガスライン36、第3反応ガスライン38、および第4反応ガスライン40を含む。それは、多くの反応ガスラインが、それらに反応物を供給するためにミキサ20に作動的かつ流動的に接続されることを当業者によって理解されるべきである。反応ガスライン34、36、38、40は固体ソースからの気化した前の形、液体ソース、オゾン、水または基板の処理に使用される任意の他の反応物から気化した前の形などの反応物を供給するように構成される。ガスライン34、36、38、40はガスを搬送するように構成されるものとして説明されていますが、ガス、蒸気、および/または液体がこれらのラインを介してミキサ20に搬送される可能性があることを当業者によって理解されるべきである。ガス供給システム14は第1バイパスライン42、第2バイパスライン44、第3バイパスライン46、および第4バイパスライン46とを含む。バイパスライン42、44、46、48はミキサ20に不活性ガスを搬送するように設定されています。各バイパスライン42、44、46、48は、対応する反応ガスライン34,36,38,40に作動的に接続されている。バイパスライン42、44、46、48は、対応する反応ガスライン34,36,38,40とミキサ20に流体連通している。ガス供給システム14はさらに、第1バック吸引(back-suction)ライン50、第2のバック吸引ライン52、第3バック吸引ライン54、および第4バック吸引ライン56を含む。バック吸引ライン50,52,54,56は、対応する反応ガスライン34,36,38,40、バイパスライン42,44,46,48及び排気アッセンブリ18に作動的かつ流動的に接続される。バック吸引ライン50,52,54,56は、反応ガスライン34,36,38,40からの反応ガス及び/又はバイパスライン42、44からの不活性ガスを、これらのガスを引き込むこと及び反応チャンバ16をバイパスすることにより選択的に供給するように構成される。実施形態では、反応ガスライン34,36,38,40に、バイパスライン42,44,46,48およびバック吸引ライン50,52,54,56はすべてチタンで形成されていますが、これらのラインは、ステンレス鋼、またはミキサ20や排気アセンブリ18に搬送されている任意の気体や液体と反応しない他の任意の材料で作ることができることを当業者は理解されるべきである。
図2−4に示すように、ガス供給システム14は、反応ガスライン34,36,38,40及びバイパスライン42,44,46,48から反応ガスと不活性ガスを受け取るように構成されたミキサ20を含む。実施形態では、反応ガスライン34,36,38,40は永久に溶接でミキサ20に接続される。別の実施形態では、反応ガスライン34,36,38,40は、ガスラインが破損または取り換えられる必要がある場合に個々のガスライン及び対応するバイパス及びバック吸引ラインだけを取り換えのためにミキサ20から取り外すように取り外し可能にミキサ20に固定される。実施形態では、図4の断面図に示されるように、ミキサ20は、本体58と本体58に形成されたチャンバ60を含む。実施形態では、二つの反応ガスライン34,36は、一方の本体58に取り付けられ、他の二つの反応ガスライン38,40は、他方の本体に取り付けられ、ガスは両方向にチャンバ60に導入され、それによってガスをディフューザ22に流れる前にチャンバ60内で循環させる。ミキサ20は、ディフューザ22に着脱可能に取り付けられ、ディフューザと流体連通する。実施形態では、ミキサ20は、チタンで形成されるがミキサは代替的に、ステンレス鋼またはミキサ20を通ってディフューザ22に搬送されるガス又は流体と反応しない他の任意の材料で作ることができることを当業者は理解されるべきである。ガス供給システム14は、ミキサ20と流体連通するディフューザ22を備え、ディフューザ22は図4に示すように分散ガスの流れを反応チャンバ16に提供するように構成される。反応チャンバ16の上プレート24は、上面62、下面64及び上面62と下面64との間に延びる縁部66を含む。ディフューザ22は、反応チャンバ16の上面62に直接取り付けられ、それによって、それらの間にディフューザ容量を画定する。図5A−5Fを参照すると、ディフューザ22の例示的な実施形態が示される。図示の実施形態では、ディフューザ22は、反応チャンバ16の上プレート24の上面62に解放可能に固定できる扇形部材である。ディフューザ22は、入口部分70及び分配部分72を含む。実施形態では、入口部分70及び分配部分72は一体に形成される。他の形態では、入口部分70及び分配部分72は、別個に形成され、その後互いに固定的に取り付けられる。ディフューザ22は、接続面74、取り付け面76、上面78、端面80及び上面78から延びる一対のボス82を含む。接続面74は、ディフューザ22がそれに取り付けられるときミキサ20の本体58と接するように構成される。取り付け面76は、それにディフューザ22が取り付けられる反応チャンバ16の上プレート24の上面62と接するように構成される。ディフューザ22の上面78は、取り付け面76と対向する面であり、反応チャンバ16から離れる方向に向けられる。端面80は、取り付け面76と上面78との間に延び、端面80は、入口部分70と反対にあるディフューザ22の曲がった端部を形成する曲がった表面である。
ディフューザ22の入口部分70は、図5C−5Eに示されるように、ガスがディフューザ22の分配部分72に導入される前にミキサ20を出るガスの通路を提供するように構成される。図4に示されるように、入口部分70は、ミキサ20の本体58に直接的に取り付けられて構成された実質的に方形部材である入口ブロック84を含む。入口ブロック84は、そこを通って形成されたチャンネル86を含む。チャンネル86は、ミキサ20のチャンバ60と直接流体連通し、ミキサ20に導入されたガスはディフューザ22の入口ブロック84に形成されたチャンネル86の中にそこから搬送される。チャンネル86は、ミキサ20とディフューザ22の分配部分72との間の実質的に直線通路を提供するのが好ましい。チャンネル86は、入口部分70を通って延びる中心軸線B(図5E)を中心にして対称であるのが好ましい。実施形態では、チャンネル86は、第1通路88及び隣接する第2通路90で形成され、第1及び第2通路88、90は、連続した流れ通路を形成する。第1通路88は第1入口面92によって画定され、第2通路90は、第2入口面94によって画定される。
実施形態では、入口ブロック84を通じた第1通路88を画定する第1入口表面92は、図5Eに示されるように、第1入口表面92の直径が、第2通路90に隣接した位置における小さな直径に対してミキサ20に隣接する位置で大きいように実質的に円錐形状を有する。第1通路88の断面領域はミキサ20を出るガスの流路の方向に増加するので、これらのガスの流速は、ガスが第1通路88の長さに沿って移動する際に増加する。他の実施形態では、第1入口表面92は、実質的に円筒形であり、それによって、その長さに沿った第1通路88の実質的に一定な断面を提供する。第1入口表面92は、第1通路88を通る一定のガスの流速を増加、減少又は維持するあらゆる形状に形成されることを当業者に理解されるべきである。
実施形態では、図5Eに示されるように、入口ブロック84を通じた第2通路90を画定する第2入口表面94は、実質的に円筒形であり、それによって、その長さに沿った第2通路90の実質的に一定な断面を提供する。第1入口表面92が実質的に円錐形で、第2入口表面94が実質的に円筒形であり、その表面間のインターフェースは、第1通路88を通るガスの流速がその長さに沿って継続的に増加し、一方、第2通路90を通るガスの流速がその長さに沿って実質的に同じままであるような移行を提供する。他の実施形態では、第2入口表面94は、第2入口表面94の直径が分配部分72に隣接する位置における小さな直径に対して第1入口表面92に隣接する位置において大きいように実質的に円錐形状(図示せず)を有する。第1入口表面92及び第2入口表面94が共に実質的に円錐形である場合、これらの面は、第1通路88及び第2通路90が入口ブロック84を通じた継続的に狭い通路を提供するように構成され、それによって、そこを通って流れるガスの流速を緩やかに増加する。第2入口表面94は、第2通路90を通る一定のガスの流速を増加、減少又は維持するあらゆる形状に形成されることを当業者に理解されるべきである。第1通路88と対向する第2通路90の端部は、ディフューザ22の分配部分72の中に開く。
図5C−5Eに示されるように、プロセスガスは、ミキサ20と分配部分72との間に延びる入り口部分70を通って形成されたチャンネル86によって分配部分72の中に導入される。実施形態では、分配部分72は、第1分配表面96、第2分配表面98、第3分配表面100、第1偏向表面102、第1側表面104及び第2側表面106を含み、それらの間に延びる第3側表面108を有するディフューザ容積68の側方の境界を画定する。図示の実施形態は、入り口部分70と分配部分72の第3側表面108との間に延びる4つの別個の表面を含むが、それらは、それらの間に延びるように結合させることができる多くの別個の表面にすることができることを当業者に理解されるべきである。
図5C、5E、5Fに示された実施形態では、第1分配表面96は、入り口部分70、第2分配表面98及び分配部分72の第1側表面104及び第2側表面106によって制限される。実施形態では、図5Fの角度αとして示されるように、第1分配表面96と反応チャンバ16の上プレート24の上表面62との間の距離が入口部分70から分配部分72の第3側表面108に向かう方向に減少するように、第1分配表面96は傾斜される。実施形態では、第1分配表面96は、約0−10度で傾斜される。他の実施形態では、第1分配表面96は、約3−7度で傾斜される。さらに他の実施形態では、第1分配表面96は、約4度で傾斜される。実施形態では、第1側表面104と第2側表面106との間に第1分配表面96の側方スロープがない。他の実施形態では、第1分配表面96は、第1側表面104と第2側表面106との間であらゆる方法で傾斜されあるいは曲げられる。
図5C、5E、5Fに示された実施形態では、第2分配表面98は、入り口部分70、第1分配表面96、第3分配表面100及び分配部分72の第1側表面104及び第2側表面106によって制限される。実施形態では、図5Fの角度βとして示されるように、第2分配表面98と、反応チャンバ16の上プレート24の上表面62との間の距離が第1分配表面96から分配部分72の第3側表面108に向かう方向に減少するように、第2分配表面98は傾斜される。実施形態では、第2分配表面98は、約5−20度で傾斜される。他の実施形態では、第2分配表面98は、約7−15度で傾斜される。さらに他の実施形態では、第2分配表面98は、約10度で傾斜される。実施形態では、第1側表面104と第2側表面106との間に第2分配表面98の側方スロープがない。他の実施形態では、第2分配表面98は、第1側表面104と第2側表面106との間であらゆる方法で傾斜されあるいは曲げられる。
ディフューザ容積68を通って流れるプロセスガスは、第1偏向面102を超えて流れる前に第3放散面100を超えて流れ、第3放散面100は、以下に詳細に説明される。図5C、5E、5Fに示された実施形態では、第1偏向面102は、第3分配表面100及び分配部分72の第1、第2、第3の側面104、106、108とによって制限される。実施形態では、第1偏向面102は、図5Fの角度θで示されるように、第1偏向面102と反応チャンバ16の上プレート24の上面62との間の距離が第3分配表面100から分配部分72の第3側面108の方に向かう方向に増加するように傾斜される。実施形態では、第1偏向面102は、約10−35度で傾斜される。他の実施形態では、第1偏向面102は、約20−30度で傾斜される。さらに他の実施形態では、第1偏向面102は、約26度で傾斜される。第1分配表面96、第2分配表面98及び第1偏向面102は、入り口部分70から分配部分72の第3側面108の方に向かう縦方向あるいは第1側面104から第2側面106への側方向のいずれかの方向においてあらゆる角度で傾斜されることを当業者に理解されるべきである。実施形態では、第1側面104と第2側面106との間に第1偏向面102の側方スロープがない。他の実施形態では、第1偏向面102は、第1側表面104と第2側表面106との間であらゆる方法で傾斜されあるいは曲げられる。
図5C、5E、5Fに示された実施形態では、第3分配表面100が第2分配表面98、第1偏向面102及び分配部分72の第1側表面104及び第2側表面106によって制限される。実施形態では、第3分配表面100は、第1分配表面96及び第2分配表面98は上述のように長手方向に傾斜されたときに横方向に傾斜される。第3分配表面100は、ディフューザ22の縦軸線(図5C)に沿って整合された中心線100を中心にして対称である。ディフューザ22が反応チャンバ16の上プレート24に取り付けられるときに、第3分配表面100の中心線110と上プレート24の上面62との間の距離が、実施形態では、約1.0−3.0mmである。他の実施形態では、第3分配表面100の中心線110と上プレート24の上面62との間の距離は、約2.0−2.5mmである。他の実施形態では、第3分配表面100の中心線110と上プレート24の上面62との間の距離は、約2.24mmである。第3分配表面100は、第1側表面104及び第2側表面106に直に隣接する第3分配表面100が、第3分配表面100の中心線110と上プレート24の上面62との間の距離に対して上プレート24の上面62からさらに離れて離間されるように、側方に傾斜される。実施形態では、第1側表面104及び第2側表面106に直に隣接する第3分配表面100と、上プレート24の上面62との距離は、約3.0−5.0mmである。他の実施形態では、第1側表面104及び第2側表面106に直に隣接する第3分配表面100と、上プレート24の上面62との距離は、約3.5−4.8mmである。さらに他の実施形態では、第1側表面104及び第2側表面106に直に隣接する第3分配表面100と、上プレート24の上面62との距離は、約4.0mmである。中心線110と対向する第1側表面104及び第2側表面106との間の第3分配表面100の側方スロープは、第3分配表面100が上プレート24の上面62から離れて離間され、中心線110と対向する第1側表面104及び第2側表面106との間で非直線状であるように、連続的に傾斜し、あるいは、曲げられる。
第3分配表面100は、プロセスガスがミキサ20から反応チャンバ16へディフューザ容積68を通じて流れるときにプロセスガスのために第1のガスの流れ制限として作用する。第1分配表面96及び第2分配表面98は、第1側表面104と第2側表面106との間の連続的に増加する側方の幅を提供し、第1分配表面96及び第2分配表面98と上プレート24の上面との間の連続的に増加する高さを提供し、第3分配表面100は、プロセスガスが第1偏向面102と接し反応チャンバ16の方に向けられる前に第1側表面104と第2側表面106との間でプロセスガスを側方に分配されるように特に形状づけられる。プロセスガスを側方に分配するに加えて、第3分配表面100は、ディフューザ容積68の幅にわたってプロセスガスの相対的なガスの流速を変更する。特に、図示の実施形態の第3分配表面100は、中心線110に対する側方へのガスの流れに対して徐々に制限をなくすことを提供しながら、ディフューザ22の中心軸線近傍のガスの流速を減速するように中心線110近くのガスの流れを制限する。従って、第1側表面104及び第2側表面に隣接する第1偏向面102と接するプロセスガスの流速は、中心線110近くの第1偏向面102と接するプロセスガスの流速よりも大きい。従って、ディフューザ22から反応チャンバ16の中に流れるプロセスガスの速度は、第1偏向面102の幅にわたって変化する。それらの幅にわたって予め決められたガスの流速の分配を提供するように第3分配表面100の形状が形状づけられ又は傾斜され、生じるガスの流速の分配は、以下に詳細に説明されるように対応する滞留時間の分布を提供することを当業者に理解されるべきである。入口部分70と第3の側面108との間のその方向に延びる表面は
ディフューザ22の幅にわたって相対的なガスの流速を制御する第1流れ制限を提供できることを当業者に理解されるべきである。
実施形態では、ディフューザ22は、図5B−5Cに示されるように、第1移行面112及び第2移行面114を含む。第1移行面112及び第2移行面114は、ディフューザ22の分配部分72の側方に配向された面と垂直方向に配向された面との間に移行を提供する曲面である。第1移行面112は、実質的に垂直方向に配向された第1側面104、実質的に側方に配向された第1分配面96、第2分配面98、第3分配面100及び第1偏向面102の間に移行を提供する。第2移行面114は、実質的に垂直方向に配向された第2側面106、実質的に側方に配向された第1分配面96、第2分配面98、第3分配面100及び第1偏向面102の間に移行を提供する。他の実施形態では、垂直方向に配向された第1側面104及び第2側面106は、側方に配向された第1分配面96、第2分配面98、第3分配面100及び第1偏向面102と共に直接的に移行し、中間の移行面を有しないでそれらの間に角度を形成する。
実施形態では、ディフューザ22の分配部分72の第1側面104及び第2側面106は、図5Cに示されるように、各隣接部分がディフューザ22の中心線110に対して側方向に様々な湾曲を有する多数の部分でそれぞれ形成される。側方向の第1側面104及び第2側面106の形状は、これらのプロセスガスが第1側面104及び第2側面106と接するときにプロセスガスの再循環を削減または排除するために最適化することができる。他の実施形態では、入り口部分70と第3側面108との間の第1側面104及び第2側面106の形状は、それらの間に一貫した湾曲を有する。
プロセスガスがディフューザ22を通過した後、プロセスガスは、図4及び6A−6Dに示されるように、上プレート24を通って反応チャンバ16のなかに導入される。上プレート24は、上面62、下面64及び上面62と下面64との間に延びる縁66を含む。図6Cに示されるように、下面64は、実質的に平面である。上面62は、それらから延びる一対の起立したボス120を含む。上面62は、上面62から上プレート24の厚さに延びる凹部領域122を含む。凹部領域122は、ディフューザ22が図4に示されるように、上プレート24に取り付けられるときディフューザ22の入り口部分70を収容するように構成される。凹部領域12の深さは、入り口部分70がそれらの中に配置されるのを許容するように寸法づけられ形状づけられる。
図4及び図6A−6Dに示されるように、上プレート24は、起立面124を更に含む。起立面124は、ディフューザ22の分配部分72に実質的に対応するように形状づけられる。従って、ディフューザ22が上プレート24の上面62に直接取り付けられるときに、ディフューザ22の取り付け面76は、上プレート24の起立面124と実質的に整合される。起立面124は、ディフューザ22の取り付け面76の外形よりもわずかに大きく寸法づけられ、取り付け面76が上プレート24と接触関係にあるのを確実にすることを当業者に理解されるべきである。ディフューザ容積68(図4)は、上プレート24の起立面124、第1、第2、第3の分配表面96、98、100、第1偏向面102、第1、第2、第3の側面104、106、108、ディフューザ22の第1及び第2移行面112、114の間で画定される。
上プレート24は、図4及び図6A−6Eに示されるように、その厚さを通じて形成された入口スロット126を含む。実施形態では、入り口スロット126は、ディフューザ22の第3側面108に実質的に対応する湾曲スロットとして形成される。実施形態では、入口スロット126の形状は、概ね、基板32の前縁に対応し、プロセスガスが入口スロット126と基板32の前縁との間で流れなければならない距離を減少し、ガスが入口スロット126と基板32の前縁との間で流れなければならない距離は、入り口スロット126の幅全体にわたって実質的に同じである。入り口スロット126の形状は、スロット126と基板32の前縁との間でプロセスガスの予め決められた滞留時間分布を提供するために第3分配表面100の形状と組み合わせて最適化される(図4)。他の実施形態では、入り口スロット126は、実質的に線形である。入り口スロット126は、実質的に直線、湾曲、あるいは他の形状にすることができ、湾曲した入り口スロット126は、反応空間28内で予め決められた滞留時間分布を提供するのに十分な曲率を有することができることを当業者に理解されるべきである。入り口スロット126は、ディフューザ22から反応空間28へ流れるときにプロセスガスに付加的な流れ制限を提供しないように寸法づけられ形状づけられるべきである。
図4及び図6A−6Eに示されるように、上プレート24の厚さを通じて形成された入り口スロット126は、外面128、内面130、第1傾斜面132、第2傾斜面133、及び、外面128と内面130、第1傾斜面132及び第2傾斜面133との間に移行を提供する一対の隅面134によって画定される。実施形態では、これらの面の間の距離が入り口スロット126の長さ全体に沿って実質的に同じであるように、外面128及び内面130は、実質的に同心である。実施形態では、外面128及び内面130は、ディフューザ容積68と反応空間28との間に実質的に垂直な通路を提供するように実質的に垂直に配向される。実施形態では、入り口スロット126は、第1傾斜面132及び第2傾斜面133を有しないで外面128及び内面130だけで形成される。他の実施形態では、第1傾斜面132は、上プレート24の上面62から下方に延びる。第1傾斜面132は、移行面を提供し、入口スロット126の中のディフューザ容積68を出るプロセスガスが直角に移行しないように移行面を提供する。代わりに、第1傾斜面132は、ガスの流れが実質的に水平な流れ方向から実質的に垂直な流れ方向にゆっくりと移行するのを許容し、それによって、これらの限定された領域で化学蒸着の成長モードを引き起こしプロセスガスの流れに流入する、乱流、渦、又は再循環を作る急激な移行を避ける。
内面130は、第1傾斜面132と第2傾斜面との間で実質的に垂直用に延びる。図4及び図6D−6Eに示されるように、第2傾斜面133は、上プレート24の下面64から直角に上方に延びる。第2傾斜面133は、反応空間の28の入り口スロット126を出るガスが、上述の乱流問題を生じる直角に移行しないように移行面を提供する。その代わりに、第2傾斜面133は、ガスの流れを実質的に垂直な流れ方向から実質的に水平な流れ方向にゆっくりと移行するのを許容する。第1傾斜面132及び第2傾斜面133は、入口スロット126内の再循環または乱流の可能性を減らす。第1傾斜面132及び第2傾斜面133は上プレート24の上面62及び下面64に対してあらゆる角度で形成されることができることを当業者に理解されるべきである。
動作では、ガスの流れが第3分配面100と上プレート24の上面62との間で制限されるディフューザ22を通じてプロセスガスが流れ、次に、プロセスガスは、入り口スロット126を通じて反応チャンバ16の中に導入される。
第3分配表面100は、それらの中心線110に対してディフューザ22の幅にわたってプロセスガスのガスの流速を変更するように構成される。従って、プロセスガスが入り口スロット126に入ると、プロセスガスのガスの流速は、入り口スロット126の幅全体で同様に変更する。実施形態では、図1Bに示されるように、入口スロット126の形状と組み合って変更されたガスの流速は、プロセスガスの波が実質的に基板の前縁の形状に対応するように形状づけられた滞留時間分布を提供する。プロセスガスの滞留時間は、所定の距離を移動する流体要素にかかる時間である。滞留時間分布は、幅全体に渡って一定の滞留時間の輪郭である。従って、図1Bは、入り口スロット126から基板の前縁までプロセスガスが流れる時間が反応チャンバ16の幅全体にわたって一定であるように滞留時間分布の形状が基板の前縁と密接に対応する例示的な滞留時間分布を示す。図示の滞留時間分布の形状は、反応チャンバの中心線近傍のガスの低い流速に関して反応チャンバの対向する側縁近くの高いガスの流速で入り口スロット126を出るガスの流速が結果として生じる。入り口スロット126と基板の前縁との間の距離全体は、反応チャンバの幅にわたってほぼ同じであるが、反応空間28内の流体力学は、そのような形状の滞留時間分布を生じるために予め決められたガスの流速分布が必要である。図1Bは、ディフューザ22の第3分配面100によって生じたガスの流れに対する制限から生じる滞留時間分布の単に例示的な実施形態を示すが、第3分配面100又はガスの流れの制限を提供するように形成されたディフューザの他の面は、予め決められた滞留時間分布を形成するように変更することができる。他の実施形態では、第3分配面100は、入り口スロット126の幅にわたって生じたガスの流速分配が、“中央が重い”実質的に平らな形状を有する滞留時間分布を生じるように形状づけられる。換言すれば、滞留時間分布の形状は、基板の後縁の形状に対応する。
上プレート24は、底プレート26に取り付けられ、図4に示されるように、上プレート24と底プレート26との間に反応空間28が形成された反応チャンバ16を形成する。図7A−7Cに示されるように、底プレート26は、上面136、下面138、上面136と下面138との間に延びる縁140を有する実質的に平らな部材である。底プレート26は、凹部面144、第1側縁146、第2側縁148、第3側縁150及び第2変更面152で形成された凹部領域142を含み、第1側縁146、第2側縁148、第3側縁150及び第2変更面152は、凹部面144と底プレート26の上面136との間で延びる。実施形態では、第1側縁146、第2側縁148、第3側縁150は、上面136と凹部面144との間で実質的に線状に延び、第1側縁146、第2側縁148、第3側縁150及び凹部表面144は、概ね垂直である。他の実施形態では、第1側縁146、第2側縁148、第3側縁150は、上面136から概ね垂直に延び、第1側縁146、第2側縁148、第3側縁150と、凹部表面144との間に移行のためのわずかな曲率半径を含む。第1側縁146、第2側縁148、第3側縁150は、上面136と底プレート26の凹部表面144との間に延びるように配向されることができることを当業者に理解されるべきである。
第2偏向表面152は、図4、7B及び7Dに示されるように、上面136と底プレート26の凹部表面144との間に延びる。第2偏向表面152は、側方及び垂直の両方向に曲がっている。実施形態では、第2偏向表面152は、底プレート26の縦中心線を中心にして側方に弧状され、第2偏向表面152の弧状の形状は、上プレート24を通じて形成された入口スロット126の弧状形状に実質的に対応する。側方向への第2偏向表面152の曲率半径は、上プレート24を通じて形成された入口スロット126の曲率半径及びディフューザ22の第1偏向面102の曲率半径に対応すべきであることを当業者に理解されるべきである。実施形態では、第2偏向表面152は、凹部領域142の第1側縁146と第3側縁150との間に延びる。第2偏向表面152は、底プレート26の上面136と凹部表面144との間に曲がった表面を提供し、入口スロット126を通じた実質的に垂直な流れ方向から反応空間28を通じた実質的に水平な流れ方向にプロセスガスを再び導く。上面136と凹部表面144との間の第2偏向表面152の曲率半径及び長さ全体は、プロセスガスがガスの十分な乱流又は再循環を生じないで流れ方向を変えることができるのに十分な角度又は長さにすることができることを当業者に理解されるべきである。
また、底プレート26は、図7A−7Dに示されるように、そこを通って形成された開口154を含む。開口154は、底プレート26の凹部表面144と下面138との間に延びる。開口154は、反応チャンバ16内で処理される基板32を搬送するサセプタ30を収容するように形成されている(図4)。動作では、サセプタ30は、ハウジング12のなかに挿入された基板32を収容するように引き出され又は下げられる。ひとたび基板32がサセプタ30に載せられると、サセプタ30は、サセプタ30が底プレート26近くにあるいは底プレート26と接するまで配置される処理位置まで開口154の中に上げられる。基板32の処理が完了した後、サセプタ30は、開口部154から離れて下げられ、サイクルが別の基板32に関して繰り返される。
図4、7A−7Dに示されるように、プロセスガスが底プレート26の第2偏向面152に隣接する入り口スロット126を通じて反応空間28の中に導入され、底プレート26の凹部領域142の第2側縁148と隣接して形成された排気スロット156を通じて反応空間28を出る。排気スロット156は、底プレート26の凹部表面144と下面138との間に延びる細長いスロットである。実施形態では、排気スロット156は、凹状領域142の第1側縁146と第3側縁150との間で側方に全距離を延びる。他の実施形態では、排気スロット156は、第1側縁146と第3側縁150との間の距離の一部分だけ横方向に延びる。実施形態では、排気スロット156は、底プレート26の縦軸線を中心にして対称である。排気スロット156は、上プレート24と底プレート26間の反応空間28をプロセスガスがでることができるのに十分なあらゆる長さ又は幅を有することができることを当業者に理解されるべきである。排気スロット156は、そこを通るガスの流れに制限を提供しないが排気アッセンブリ18を通じたコンダクタンスプロファイルを調整することにより基板の前縁での滞留時間分布の全体的な制御でガス供給システム14を補助することができるように構成されるべきである。プロセスガスは、排気スロット156を通じて反応チャンバ16を出て、排気アッセンブリ18に収容される。
図2−4に示される実施形態では、排気アッセンブリ18は、反応チャンバ16の底プレート26に作動的に接続される。実施形態では、排気アセンブリ18は、排気シム158、排気樋160、及び、プロセスガスを供給し排気樋160からハウジング12の外へ流出するパイプを含む。組み立てられると、排気シム158は、排気樋160と底プレート26の下面138との間に配置され、排気アセンブリ18は、反応チャンバ16に直接取り付けられる。
図8に示されるように、排気シム158は、そこを通って形成された細長い制限スロット162を含む。排気シム158は、プロセスガスの流れに対して第2の制限を提供する。実施形態では、制限スロット162の長さは、底プレート26を通って形成された排気スロット156の長さに実質的に対応する。制限スロット162は、スロットがボウタイ形状であるように形成される。換言すれば、制限スロット162の幅は、制限スロット162の中間点166における狭い幅に対して制限スロット162の開口端部164で大きい。排気スロット156の幅に沿ったプロセスガスの実質的に一貫した流れの速度を考えると、制限のスロット162の形状は、制限スロット162の形状は、制限スロット162の端部164近くのプロセスガスに対する少ない流れ制限に対して、制限スロット162の中間点166を通るプロセスガスに対して増大した流れを提供する。従って、制限スロット162の中間点166近くのガスの流速は、排気シム158を出るので制限スロット162の端部164近くのガスの流速よりも少ない。その結果、ディフューザ22の第3分配面100によって生じたガスの流れ制限と組み合ったこの第2のガスの流れ制限は、処理される基板32の前縁全体の形状に密接に対応する反応チャンバ16を通じた滞留時間分布を生じる。
上プレート24及び底プレート26が組み合わされて図4に示されるように反応チャンバ16を形成するとき、反応空間28は、底プレート26の凹部領域142、サセプタ30、上プレート24の下面64の間に画定される。反応空間28は、そこを通ってプロセスガスが入口スロット126と排気スロット156との間で移動できる容積を提供する。反応空間28内で、プロセスガスが基板32と接し、基板32上に材料の層を堆積させる。副産物あるいは基板の表面上で化学反応した副産物及び未反応のプロセスガスは、排気スロット156を介して反応チャンバ16から引き出される。
図6Eに示されるように、ディフューザ22が組み合わされた反応チャンバ16に取り付けられると、入り口スロット126の外面128と上プレート24の上面62との接合部に形成された縁部は、ディフューザ22の取り付け面76に直に隣接して配置される。その結果、第3側面108とディフューザ22の取り付け面76との接合部に形成された縁部は、ディフューザ22の縁部が入り口スロット126の対応する縁部と整合しないように上プレート24に形成された入り口スロット126を画定する間隙内に配置される。
同様に、上プレート24が底プレート26取り付けられて反応チャンバ16を形成すると、第2偏向表面152と底プレート26の上面136との間に形成された凹部領域142の縁部は、入り口スロット126に隣接して配置された凹部領域142の縁部が上プレート24の下面64と接するように、上プレート24の入り口スロット126の外面128をわずかに超えて配置される。その結果、外面128と上プレート24の下面64との接合部によって形成された縁部は、底プレート26の凹部領域142上に配置される。従って、ディフューザ22の縁部は、入り口スロット126の対応する縁部に対してわずかにオフセットし、入り口スロット126の縁部は、底プレートの凹部領域142の対応する縁部に対してわずかにオフセットする。これらのオフセットの縁部は、プロセスガスがディフューザ容積68から反応空間28への入り口スロット126まで移行するときカスケードの流れ効果を提供し、ガスの流れは、流れ方向を概ねUターンに変更する。カスケードの流れ効果は、ディフューザ22、上プレート24及び底プレート26の対応する縁部が整合されていないときに生じるかもしれないプロセスガスの再循環を減少又は排除する。第1のガスの流れ制限は、入り口スロット126がガスの流れ制限として作用しないように入り口スロット126から上流に移動するため、ディフューザ22と反応チャンバ16との分解は簡単である。その結果、分解の容易は、ディフューザ22及び反応チャンバ16の表面に表面織地を清掃又は追加するためのより直接的な見通し線が可能になる。
実施形態では、ガスライン、ミキサ20、およびディフューザ22を含むガス供給システム14の全体及び反応チャンバの上プレート24及び底プレート26は、ステンレス鋼から形成される。ガスライン、ミキサおよび/またはディフューザ22は、チタン、アルミ、合金、または、基板処理で使用されるプロセスガスに対して不活性な任意の材料で形成されることができることを当業者に理解されるべきである。ミキサ20、ディフューザ22、上プレート24及び底プレート26は、全て、ガスラインから排気アッセンブリ18まで流れるプロセスガスによって接触される面を含む。プロセスガスと接触する各面は、面全体の少なくとも一部分が、プロセスガスがシステム全体を流れるときにプロセスガスにさらされることを意味する湿った面である。ミキサ20に関し、チャンバ60を画定する面は、それがプロセスガスと接するので湿る。ディフューザ22に関し、入り口部分70を通ってチャンネル86を形成する第1入口面92及び第2入口面94は、湿った面である。付加的に、ディフューザ容積68のこれらの湿った面は、第1、第2、第3の分配面96、98、100、第1偏向面102、第1、第2、第3側面104、106、108、第1及び第2移行面112、114、及び、上プレート24の立ち上がった面124の少なくとも一部分を含む。入り口スロット126に関して、外面128、第1及び第2傾斜面132、133及び内面130も湿った面である。反応チャンバ16に関して、反応空間28を画定する表面のすべては湿った面である。反応空間28の湿った面は、凹部領域142によってさらされた上プレート24の下面64の少なくとも一部分、凹部表面144、第1、第2、第3側縁146、148、150、及び、第2偏向面152を含む。
基板32の処理中、プロセスガスはガス供給システム14及び反応チャンバ16の中に導入されると、プロセスガスは、処理される基板32の表面と共に湿った面と反応する。ALDプロセスの各サイクルの後、材料のほぼ単層は、ガス供給システム14及び反応チャンバ16の湿った面の全てと共に基板32のさらされた面上に堆積される。湿った面が非常に少ない表面粗さを有する場合、材料の堆積層は、湿った面に接着されず、フィルムの蓄積と共に湿った面から剥がれる。そして、剥離された堆積層は、基板上に載り、それによって、基板に全体的に均一でない成膜を与え、実行可能なチップを得ることができる基板の少ない表面を生じる。しかしながら、濡れた表面が、非常高い表面粗さを有する場合、湿った面の全表面領域は、プロセスガスが処理される基板32に達する前に湿った表面に付着するプロセスガス中の前駆体材料のせいで、プロセスガスの濃度が著しく少なくなることによって増加される。従って、本発明は、堆積された材料の剥離が減少し、基板表面と結果的に接するプロセスガスの前駆体物質の濃度が湿った面への吸着によって著しく減少されるように、湿った面の各々に表面織地を提供する。ALDは、表面に敏感なプロセスであるため、表面織地の量及び程度は、湿った面上の前駆物質の吸着に起因する化学的損失で、湿った表面の剥離及び非接着によって生じたフィルムストレスの減少を相殺するように最適化される。
実施形態では、全ての湿った表面の表面粗さは、約30−250Ra(又はμインチ)である。他の実施形態では、全ての湿った表面の表面粗さは、約32−110Raである。さらに他の実施形態では、全ての湿った表面の表面粗さは、約90Raである。ミキサ20、ディフューザ22、反応チャンバ16の湿った表面の表面粗さは、湿った面との物理的及び化学的の両方の接点を利用することができる複数ステップのプロセスを介して行われる。
表面織地は、理想表面から垂直方向の偏差が大きく制御されるように表面を処理するために使われるテクニックである。表面織地は、機構(すなわち、材料を除去するための砂塵又はビードブラストあるいは研磨)あるいは、開始する表面から表面をおこすための同様のまたは異なる互換性のある材料で表面を塗布すること(すなわち、スプレー塗装、粉体塗装、浸漬、蒸着、スピンオンコートなど)を含む様々な技術によって達成されることができる。
本発明の好適な実施形態について説明したが、本発明はそのように限定されず、変更は本発明から逸脱することなく行うことができる。本発明の範囲は添付の特許請求の範囲によって定画定され、すべてのデバイス、プロセス、およびクレームの意味内に入る方法は、文字通りに又は等価で、そこに包含されることが意図される。

Claims (20)

  1. 少なくとも一つのプロセスガスを反応チャンバに供給するガス供給システムであって、
    反応チャンバの上面に直接的に取り付けられ、反応チャンバと流体連通するディフューザを備え、
    少なくとも一つのプロセスガスを分配するためのディフューザ容積は、ディフューザと反応チャンバの上面との間に画定される、ガス供給システム。
  2. 請求項1記載のガス供給システムにおいて、
    ディフューザは、少なくとも一つのプロセスガスの流れを制限するように構成された少なくとも一つの分配表面を含む、ガス供給システム。
  3. 請求項2記載のガス供給システムにおいて、
    少なくとも一つの分配表面の一部分は、反応チャンバの上面から第1の距離で離間され、少なくとも一つの分配表面の他の部分は、反応チャンバの上面から第2の距離で離間される、ガス供給システム。
  4. 請求項3記載のガス供給システムにおいて、
    第1の距離は、第2の距離も小さく、第1の距離は、分配表面の中心線と反応チャンバの上面との間である、ガス供給システム。
  5. 請求項4記載のガス供給システムにおいて、
    第1の距離は、約2.0mmと約2.5mmとの間である、ガス供給システム。
  6. 請求項5記載のガス供給システムにおいて、
    第1の距離は、約2.24mmである、ガス供給システム。
  7. 請求項4記載のガス供給システムにおいて、
    第2の距離は、少なくとも一つの分配表面の各対向端部と反応チャンバの上面との間であり、第2の距離は、約3.5mmと約4.8mmとの間である、ガス供給システム。
  8. 請求項7記載のガス供給システムにおいて、
    第2の距離は、約4.0mmである、ガス供給システム。
  9. 請求項3記載のガス供給システムにおいて、
    第2の距離は、第1の距離よりも大きく、第2の距離は、少なくとも一つの分配表面の各対向端部と反応チャンバの上面との間である、ガス供給システム。
  10. 少なくとも一つのプロセスガスを分配するディフューザであって、
    少なくとも一つのプロセスガスを収容するためにそこに形成されたチャンネルを有する入口部分と、
    入口部分に取り付けられた分配部分であって、取り付け面、第1分配面、第2分配面、第3分配面及び第4分配面を備える分配部分と、を備え、
    取り付け面、第1分配面、第第2分配面、第3分配面及び第4分配面は、第1側面と第2側面との間で側方に延び、
    第1側面及び第2側面は、第1分配面、第第2分配面、第3分配面及び第4分配面と、取り付け面との間に延びる、ディフューザ。
  11. 請求項10記載のディフューザにおいて、
    取り付け面は、実質的に平面である、ディフューザ。
  12. 請求項10記載のディフューザにおいて、
    第1分配表面は、入口部分に隣接し、
    第2分配表面は、第1分配表面に隣接し、
    第3分配表面は、第2分配表面に隣接し、
    第4分配表面は、第3分配表面に隣接する、ディフューザ。
  13. 請求項10記載のディフューザにおいて、
    第1分配表面は、取り付け面に対して約4度傾斜され、
    第2分配表面は、取り付け面に対して約10度傾斜され、
    第4分配表面は、取り付け面に対して約26度傾斜される、ディフューザ。
  14. 請求項10記載のディフューザにおいて、
    第3分配表面は、実質的に平面であり、取り付け面と実質的に平行である、ディフューザ。
  15. 請求項10記載のディフューザにおいて、
    第3分配表面は、第3分配表面の中心線と、第1側面及び第2側面との間で傾斜される、ディフューザ。
  16. 請求項15記載のディフューザにおいて、
    第3分配表面は、第3分配表面の中心線と、第1側面及び第2側面との間で一定のスロープを有する、ディフューザ。
  17. 請求項15記載のディフューザにおいて、
    第3分配表面の中心線は、約1.0mmと約3.0mmとの間で取り付け面から垂直に離間され、
    第1側面及び第2側面に隣接する第3分配表面は、約3.0mmと約5.0mmとの間で取り付け面から垂直に離間される、ディフューザ。
  18. 請求項15記載のディフューザにおいて、
    第3分配表面の中心線は、約2.24mmで取り付け面から垂直に離間され、
    第1側面及び第2側面に隣接する第3分配表面は、約4.0mmで取り付け面から垂直に離間される、ディフューザ。
  19. 半導体基板を処理する反応器であって、
    少なくとも第1の湿った表面を有するディフューザと、
    ディフューザに作動的に接続されディフューザと流体連通し、少なくとも第2の湿った表面を有する反応チャンバと、
    第1の湿った表面及び第2の湿った表面の少なくとも一つ上にある表面織地であって、約30−250Raの表面粗さを有する表面織地と、を備える、反応器。
  20. 請求項19記載の反応器において、
    表面織地は、約90Raの表面粗さを有する、反応器。
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