JP7109784B2 - 遺伝子編集のための進化したCas9蛋白質 - Google Patents
遺伝子編集のための進化したCas9蛋白質 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2015年10月23日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/245,828、2016年1月15日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/279,346、2016年3月22日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/311,763、2016年4月13日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/322,178、2016年6月30日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/357,352、2016年8月3日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/370,700、2016年9月22日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/398,490、2016年10月14日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/408,686、および2016年6月30日出願のU.S.S.N. 62/357,332の米国仮特許出願に対して米国特許法§119(e)の下で優先権を主張する;これらのそれぞれは、参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
いくつかの態様において、標的配列の3’末端は、古典的PAM配列(5’-NGG-3’)と直接隣接していない。
本明細書および請求項において用いられる単数形「a」、「an」、および「the」は、文脈が明瞭に別様に示さない限り、単数および複数の参照を包含する。それゆえに、例えば、「物質」の参照は単一の物質および複数のかかる物質を包含する。
ATGGATAAGAAATACTCAATAGGCTTAGATATCGGCACAAATAGCGTCGGATGGGCGGTGATCACTGATGATTATAAGGTTCCGTCTAAAAAGTTCAAGGTTCTGGGAAATACAGACCGCCACAGTATCAAAAAAAATCTTATAGGGGCTCTTTTATTTGGCAGTGGAGAGACAGCGGAAGCGACTCGTCTCAAACGGACAGCTCGTAGAAGGTATACACGTCGGAAGAATCGTATTTGTTATCTACAGGAGATTTTTTCAAATGAGATGGCGAAAGTAGATGATAGTTTCTTTCATCGACTTGAAGAGTCTTTTTTGGTGGAAGAAGACAAGAAGCATGAACGTCATCCTATTTTTGGAAATATAGTAGATGAAGTTGCTTATCATGAGAAATATCCAACTATCTATCATCTGCGAAAAAAATTGGCAGATTCTACTGATAAAGCGGATTTGCGCTTAATCTATTTGGCCTTAGCGCATATGATTAAGTTTCGTGGTCATTTTTTGATTGAGGGAGATTTAAATCCTGATAATAGTGATGTGGACAAACTATTTATCCAGTTGGTACAAATCTACAATCAATTATTTGAAGAAAACCCTATTAACGCAAGTAGAGTAGATGCTAAAGCGATTCTTTCTGCACGATTGAGTAAATCAAGACGATTAGAAAATCTCATTGCTCAGCTCCCCGGTGAGAAGAGAAATGGCTTGTTTGGGAATCTCATTGCTTTGTCATTGGGATTGACCCCTAATTTTAAATCAAATTTTGATTTGGCAGAAGATGCTAAATTACAGCTTTCAAAAGATACTTACGATGATGATTTAGATAATTTATTGGCGCAAATTGGAGATCAATATGCTGATTTGTTTTTGGCAGCTAAGAATTTATCAGATGCTATTTTACTTTCAGATATCCTAAGAGTAAATAGTGAAATAACTAAGGCTCCCCTATCAGCTTCAATGATTAAGCGCTACGATGAACATCATCAAGACTTGACTCTTTTAAAAGCTTTAGTTCGACAACAACTTCCAGAAAAGTATAAAGAAATCTTTTTTGATCAATCAAAAAACGGATATGCAGGTTATATTGATGGGGGAGCTAGCCAAGAAGAATTTTATAAATTTATCAAACCAATTTTAGAAAAAATGGATGGTACTGAGGAATTATTGGTGAAACTAAATCGTGAAGATTTGCTGCGCAAGCAACGGACCTTTGACAACGGCTCTATTCCCCATCAAATTCACTTGGGTGAGCTGCATGCTATTTTGAGAAGACAAGAAGACTTTTATCCATTTTTAAAAGACAATCGTGAGAAGATTGAAAAAATCTTGACTTTTCGAATTCCTTATTATGTTGGTCCATTGGCGCGTGGCAATAGTCGTTTTGCATGGATGACTCGGAAGTCTGAAGAAACAATTACCCCATGGAATTTTGAAGAAGTTGTCGATAAAGGTGCTTCAGCTCAATCATTTATTGAACGCATGACAAACTTTGATAAAAATCTTCCAAATGAAAAAGTACTACCAAAACATAGTTTGCTTTATGAGTATTTTACGGTTTATAACGAATTGACAAAGGTCAAATATGTTACTGAGGGAATGCGAAAACCAGCATTTCTTTCAGGTGAACAGAAGAAAGCCATTGTTGATTTACTCTTCAAAACAAATCGAAAAGTAACCGTTAAGCAATTAAAAGAAGATTATTTCAAAAAAATAGAATGTTTTGATAGTGTTGAAATTTCAGGAGTTGAAGATAGATTTAATGCTTCATTAGGCGCCTACCATGATTTGCTAAAAATTATTAAAGATAAAGATTTTTTGGATAATGAAGAAAATGAAGATATCTTAGAGGATATTGTTTTAACATTGACCTTATTTGAAGATAGGGGGATGATTGAGGAAAGACTTAAAACATATGCTCACCTCTTTGATGATAAGGTGATGAAACAGCTTAAACGTCGCCGTTATACTGGTTGGGGACGTTTGTCTCGAAAATTGATTAATGGTATTAGGGATAAGCAATCTGGCAAAACAATATTAGATTTTTTGAAATCAGATGGTTTTGCCAATCGCAATTTTATGCAGCTGATCCATGATGATAGTTTGACATTTAAAGAAGATATTCAAAAAGCACAGGTGTCTGGACAAGGCCATAGTTTACATGAACAGATTGCTAACTTAGCTGGCAGTCCTGCTATTAAAAAAGGTATTTTACAGACTGTAAAAATTGTTGATGAACTGGTCAAAGTAATGGGGCATAAGCCAGAAAATATCGTTATTGAAATGGCACGTGAAAATCAGACAACTCAAAAGGGCCAGAAAAATTCGCGAGAGCGTATGAAACGAATCGAAGAAGGTATCAAAGAATTAGGAAGTCAGATTCTTAAAGAGCATCCTGTTGAAAATACTCAATTGCAAAATGAAAAGCTCTATCTCTATTATCTACAAAATGGAAGAGACATGTATGTGGACCAAGAATTAGATATTAATCGTTTAAGTGATTATGATGTCGATCACATTGTTCCACAAAGTTTCATTAAAGACGATTCAATAGACAATAAGGTACTAACGCGTTCTGATAAAAATCGTGGTAAATCGGATAACGTTCCAAGTGAAGAAGTAGTCAAAAAGATGAAAAACTATTGGAGACAACTTCTAAACGCCAAGTTAATCACTCAACGTAAGTTTGATAATTTAACGAAAGCTGAACGTGGAGGTTTGAGTGAACTTGATAAAGCTGGTTTTATCAAACGCCAATTGGTTGAAACTCGCCAAATCACTAAGCATGTGGCACAAATTTTGGATAGTCGCATGAATACTAAATACGATGAAAATGATAAACTTATTCGAGAGGTTAAAGTGATTACCTTAAAATCTAAATTAGTTTCTGACTTCCGAAAAGATTTCCAATTCTATAAAGTACGTGAGATTAACAATTACCATCATGCCCATGATGCGTATCTAAATGCCGTCGTTGGAACTGCTTTGATTAAGAAATATCCAAAACTTGAATCGGAGTTTGTCTATGGTGATTATAAAGTTTATGATGTTCGTAAAATGATTGCTAAGTCTGAGCAAGAAATAGGCAAAGCAACCGCAAAATATTTCTTTTACTCTAATATCATGAACTTCTTCAAAACAGAAATTACACTTGCAAATGGAGAGATTCGCAAACGCCCTCTAATCGAAACTAATGGGGAAACTGGAGAAATTGTCTGGGATAAAGGGCGAGATTTTGCCACAGTGCGCAAAGTATTGTCCATGCCCCAAGTCAATATTGTCAAGAAAACAGAAGTACAGACAGGCGGATTCTCCAAGGAGTCAATTTTACCAAAAAGAAATTCGGACAAGCTTATTGCTCGTAAAAAAGACTGGGATCCAAAAAAATATGGTGGTTTTGATAGTCCAACGGTAGCTTATTCAGTCCTAGTGGTTGCTAAGGTGGAAAAAGGGAAATCGAAGAAGTTAAAATCCGTTAAAGAGTTACTAGGGATCACAATTATGGAAAGAAGTTCCTTTGAAAAAAATCCGATTGACTTTTTAGAAGCTAAAGGATATAAGGAAGTTAAAAAAGACTTAATCATTAAACTACCTAAATATAGTCTTTTTGAGTTAGAAAACGGTCGTAAACGGATGCTGGCTAGTGCCGGAGAATTACAAAAAGGAAATGAGCTGGCTCTGCCAAGCAAATATGTGAATTTTTTATATTTAGCTAGTCATTATGAAAAGTTGAAGGGTAGTCCAGAAGATAACGAACAAAAACAATTGTTTGTGGAGCAGCATAAGCATTATTTAGATGAGATTATTGAGCAAATCAGTGAATTTTCTAAGCGTGTTATTTTAGCAGATGCCAATTTAGATAAAGTTCTTAGTGCATATAACAAACATAGAGACAAACCAATACGTGAACAAGCAGAAAATATTATTCATTTATTTACGTTGACGAATCTTGGAGCTCCCGCTGCTTTTAAATATTTTGATACAACAATTGATCGTAAACGATATACGTCTACAAAAGAAGTTTTAGATGCCACTCTTATCCATCAATCCATCACTGGTCTTTATGAAACACGCATTGATTTGAGTCAGCTAGGAGGTGACTGA(配列番号1)
(配列番号2)(一重下線:HNHドメイン;二重下線:RuvCドメイン)
ATGGATAAAAAGTATTCTATTGGTTTAGACATCGGCACTAATTCCGTTGGATGGGCTGTCATAACCGATGAATACAAAGTACCTTCAAAGAAATTTAAGGTGTTGGGGAACACAGACCGTCATTCGATTAAAAAGAATCTTATCGGTGCCCTCCTATTCGATAGTGGCGAAACGGCAGAGGCGACTCGCCTGAAACGAACCGCTCGGAGAAGGTATACACGTCGCAAGAACCGAATATGTTACTTACAAGAAATTTTTAGCAATGAGATGGCCAAAGTTGACGATTCTTTCTTTCACCGTTTGGAAGAGTCCTTCCTTGTCGAAGAGGACAAGAAACATGAACGGCACCCCATCTTTGGAAACATAGTAGATGAGGTGGCATATCATGAAAAGTACCCAACGATTTATCACCTCAGAAAAAAGCTAGTTGACTCAACTGATAAAGCGGACCTGAGGTTAATCTACTTGGCTCTTGCCCATATGATAAAGTTCCGTGGGCACTTTCTCATTGAGGGTGATCTAAATCCGGACAACTCGGATGTCGACAAACTGTTCATCCAGTTAGTACAAACCTATAATCAGTTGTTTGAAGAGAACCCTATAAATGCAAGTGGCGTGGATGCGAAGGCTATTCTTAGCGCCCGCCTCTCTAAATCCCGACGGCTAGAAAACCTGATCGCACAATTACCCGGAGAGAAGAAAAATGGGTTGTTCGGTAACCTTATAGCGCTCTCACTAGGCCTGACACCAAATTTTAAGTCGAACTTCGACTTAGCTGAAGATGCCAAATTGCAGCTTAGTAAGGACACGTACGATGACGATCTCGACAATCTACTGGCACAAATTGGAGATCAGTATGCGGACTTATTTTTGGCTGCCAAAAACCTTAGCGATGCAATCCTCCTATCTGACATACTGAGAGTTAATACTGAGATTACCAAGGCGCCGTTATCCGCTTCAATGATCAAAAGGTACGATGAACATCACCAAGACTTGACACTTCTCAAGGCCCTAGTCCGTCAGCAACTGCCTGAGAAATATAAGGAAATATTCTTTGATCAGTCGAAAAACGGGTACGCAGGTTATATTGACGGCGGAGCGAGTCAAGAGGAATTCTACAAGTTTATCAAACCCATATTAGAGAAGATGGATGGGACGGAAGAGTTGCTTGTAAAACTCAATCGCGAAGATCTACTGCGAAAGCAGCGGACTTTCGACAACGGTAGCATTCCACATCAAATCCACTTAGGCGAATTGCATGCTATACTTAGAAGGCAGGAGGATTTTTATCCGTTCCTCAAAGACAATCGTGAAAAGATTGAGAAAATCCTAACCTTTCGCATACCTTACTATGTGGGACCCCTGGCCCGAGGGAACTCTCGGTTCGCATGGATGACAAGAAAGTCCGAAGAAACGATTACTCCATGGAATTTTGAGGAAGTTGTCGATAAAGGTGCGTCAGCTCAATCGTTCATCGAGAGGATGACCAACTTTGACAAGAATTTACCGAACGAAAAAGTATTGCCTAAGCACAGTTTACTTTACGAGTATTTCACAGTGTACAATGAACTCACGAAAGTTAAGTATGTCACTGAGGGCATGCGTAAACCCGCCTTTCTAAGCGGAGAACAGAAGAAAGCAATAGTAGATCTGTTATTCAAGACCAACCGCAAAGTGACAGTTAAGCAATTGAAAGAGGACTACTTTAAGAAAATTGAATGCTTCGATTCTGTCGAGATCTCCGGGGTAGAAGATCGATTTAATGCGTCACTTGGTACGTATCATGACCTCCTAAAGATAATTAAAGATAAGGACTTCCTGGATAACGAAGAGAATGAAGATATCTTAGAAGATATAGTGTTGACTCTTACCCTCTTTGAAGATCGGGAAATGATTGAGGAAAGACTAAAAACATACGCTCACCTGTTCGACGATAAGGTTATGAAACAGTTAAAGAGGCGTCGCTATACGGGCTGGGGACGATTGTCGCGGAAACTTATCAACGGGATAAGAGACAAGCAAAGTGGTAAAACTATTCTCGATTTTCTAAAGAGCGACGGCTTCGCCAATAGGAACTTTATGCAGCTGATCCATGATGACTCTTTAACCTTCAAAGAGGATATACAAAAGGCACAGGTTTCCGGACAAGGGGACTCATTGCACGAACATATTGCGAATCTTGCTGGTTCGCCAGCCATCAAAAAGGGCATACTCCAGACAGTCAAAGTAGTGGATGAGCTAGTTAAGGTCATGGGACGTCACAAACCGGAAAACATTGTAATCGAGATGGCACGCGAAAATCAAACGACTCAGAAGGGGCAAAAAAACAGTCGAGAGCGGATGAAGAGAATAGAAGAGGGTATTAAAGAACTGGGCAGCCAGATCTTAAAGGAGCATCCTGTGGAAAATACCCAATTGCAGAACGAGAAACTTTACCTCTATTACCTACAAAATGGAAGGGACATGTATGTTGATCAGGAACTGGACATAAACCGTTTATCTGATTACGACGTCGATCACATTGTACCCCAATCCTTTTTGAAGGACGATTCAATCGACAATAAAGTGCTTACACGCTCGGATAAGAACCGAGGGAAAAGTGACAATGTTCCAAGCGAGGAAGTCGTAAAGAAAATGAAGAACTATTGGCGGCAGCTCCTAAATGCGAAACTGATAACGCAAAGAAAGTTCGATAACTTAACTAAAGCTGAGAGGGGTGGCTTGTCTGAACTTGACAAGGCCGGATTTATTAAACGTCAGCTCGTGGAAACCCGCCAAATCACAAAGCATGTTGCACAGATACTAGATTCCCGAATGAATACGAAATACGACGAGAACGATAAGCTGATTCGGGAAGTCAAAGTAATCACTTTAAAGTCAAAATTGGTGTCGGACTTCAGAAAGGATTTTCAATTCTATAAAGTTAGGGAGATAAATAACTACCACCATGCGCACGACGCTTATCTTAATGCCGTCGTAGGGACCGCACTCATTAAGAAATACCCGAAGCTAGAAAGTGAGTTTGTGTATGGTGATTACAAAGTTTATGACGTCCGTAAGATGATCGCGAAAAGCGAACAGGAGATAGGCAAGGCTACAGCCAAATACTTCTTTTATTCTAACATTATGAATTTCTTTAAGACGGAAATCACTCTGGCAAACGGAGAGATACGCAAACGACCTTTAATTGAAACCAATGGGGAGACAGGTGAAATCGTATGGGATAAGGGCCGGGACTTCGCGACGGTGAGAAAAGTTTTGTCCATGCCCCAAGTCAACATAGTAAAGAAAACTGAGGTGCAGACCGGAGGGTTTTCAAAGGAATCGATTCTTCCAAAAAGGAATAGTGATAAGCTCATCGCTCGTAAAAAGGACTGGGACCCGAAAAAGTACGGTGGCTTCGATAGCCCTACAGTTGCCTATTCTGTCCTAGTAGTGGCAAAAGTTGAGAAGGGAAAATCCAAGAAACTGAAGTCAGTCAAAGAATTATTGGGGATAACGATTATGGAGCGCTCGTCTTTTGAAAAGAACCCCATCGACTTCCTTGAGGCGAAAGGTTACAAGGAAGTAAAAAAGGATCTCATAATTAAACTACCAAAGTATAGTCTGTTTGAGTTAGAAAATGGCCGAAAACGGATGTTGGCTAGCGCCGGAGAGCTTCAAAAGGGGAACGAACTCGCACTACCGTCTAAATACGTGAATTTCCTGTATTTAGCGTCCCATTACGAGAAGTTGAAAGGTTCACCTGAAGATAACGAACAGAAGCAACTTTTTGTTGAGCAGCACAAACATTATCTCGACGAAATCATAGAGCAAATTTCGGAATTCAGTAAGAGAGTCATCCTAGCTGATGCCAATCTGGACAAAGTATTAAGCGCATACAACAAGCACAGGGATAAACCCATACGTGAGCAGGCGGAAAATATTATCCATTTGTTTACTCTTACCAACCTCGGCGCTCCAGCCGCATTCAAGTATTTTGACACAACGATAGATCGCAAACGATACACTTCTACCAAGGAGGTGCTAGACGCGACACTGATTCACCAATCCATCACGGGATTATATGAAACTCGGATAGATTTGTCACAGCTTGGGGGTGACGGATCCCCCAAGAAGAAGAGGAAAGTCTCGAGCGACTACAAAGACCATGACGGTGATTATAAAGATCATGACATCGATTACAAGGATGACGATGACAAGGCTGCAGGA(配列番号3)
(配列番号4)(一重下線:HNHドメイン;二重下線:RuvCドメイン)
ATGGATAAGAAATACTCAATAGGCTTAGATATCGGCACAAATAGCGTCGGATGGGCGGTGATCACTGATGAATATAAGGTTCCGTCTAAAAAGTTCAAGGTTCTGGGAAATACAGACCGCCACAGTATCAAAAAAAATCTTATAGGGGCTCTTTTATTTGACAGTGGAGAGACAGCGGAAGCGACTCGTCTCAAACGGACAGCTCGTAGAAGGTATACACGTCGGAAGAATCGTATTTGTTATCTACAGGAGATTTTTTCAAATGAGATGGCGAAAGTAGATGATAGTTTCTTTCATCGACTTGAAGAGTCTTTTTTGGTGGAAGAAGACAAGAAGCATGAACGTCATCCTATTTTTGGAAATATAGTAGATGAAGTTGCTTATCATGAGAAATATCCAACTATCTATCATCTGCGAAAAAAATTGGTAGATTCTACTGATAAAGCGGATTTGCGCTTAATCTATTTGGCCTTAGCGCATATGATTAAGTTTCGTGGTCATTTTTTGATTGAGGGAGATTTAAATCCTGATAATAGTGATGTGGACAAACTATTTATCCAGTTGGTACAAACCTACAATCAATTATTTGAAGAAAACCCTATTAACGCAAGTGGAGTAGATGCTAAAGCGATTCTTTCTGCACGATTGAGTAAATCAAGACGATTAGAAAATCTCATTGCTCAGCTCCCCGGTGAGAAGAAAAATGGCTTATTTGGGAATCTCATTGCTTTGTCATTGGGTTTGACCCCTAATTTTAAATCAAATTTTGATTTGGCAGAAGATGCTAAATTACAGCTTTCAAAAGATACTTACGATGATGATTTAGATAATTTATTGGCGCAAATTGGAGATCAATATGCTGATTTGTTTTTGGCAGCTAAGAATTTATCAGATGCTATTTTACTTTCAGATATCCTAAGAGTAAATACTGAAATAACTAAGGCTCCCCTATCAGCTTCAATGATTAAACGCTACGATGAACATCATCAAGACTTGACTCTTTTAAAAGCTTTAGTTCGACAACAACTTCCAGAAAAGTATAAAGAAATCTTTTTTGATCAATCAAAAAACGGATATGCAGGTTATATTGATGGGGGAGCTAGCCAAGAAGAATTTTATAAATTTATCAAACCAATTTTAGAAAAAATGGATGGTACTGAGGAATTATTGGTGAAACTAAATCGTGAAGATTTGCTGCGCAAGCAACGGACCTTTGACAACGGCTCTATTCCCCATCAAATTCACTTGGGTGAGCTGCATGCTATTTTGAGAAGACAAGAAGACTTTTATCCATTTTTAAAAGACAATCGTGAGAAGATTGAAAAAATCTTGACTTTTCGAATTCCTTATTATGTTGGTCCATTGGCGCGTGGCAATAGTCGTTTTGCATGGATGACTCGGAAGTCTGAAGAAACAATTACCCCATGGAATTTTGAAGAAGTTGTCGATAAAGGTGCTTCAGCTCAATCATTTATTGAACGCATGACAAACTTTGATAAAAATCTTCCAAATGAAAAAGTACTACCAAAACATAGTTTGCTTTATGAGTATTTTACGGTTTATAACGAATTGACAAAGGTCAAATATGTTACTGAAGGAATGCGAAAACCAGCATTTCTTTCAGGTGAACAGAAGAAAGCCATTGTTGATTTACTCTTCAAAACAAATCGAAAAGTAACCGTTAAGCAATTAAAAGAAGATTATTTCAAAAAAATAGAATGTTTTGATAGTGTTGAAATTTCAGGAGTTGAAGATAGATTTAATGCTTCATTAGGTACCTACCATGATTTGCTAAAAATTATTAAAGATAAAGATTTTTTGGATAATGAAGAAAATGAAGATATCTTAGAGGATATTGTTTTAACATTGACCTTATTTGAAGATAGGGAGATGATTGAGGAAAGACTTAAAACATATGCTCACCTCTTTGATGATAAGGTGATGAAACAGCTTAAACGTCGCCGTTATACTGGTTGGGGACGTTTGTCTCGAAAATTGATTAATGGTATTAGGGATAAGCAATCTGGCAAAACAATATTAGATTTTTTGAAATCAGATGGTTTTGCCAATCGCAATTTTATGCAGCTGATCCATGATGATAGTTTGACATTTAAAGAAGACATTCAAAAAGCACAAGTGTCTGGACAAGGCGATAGTTTACATGAACATATTGCAAATTTAGCTGGTAGCCCTGCTATTAAAAAAGGTATTTTACAGACTGTAAAAGTTGTTGATGAATTGGTCAAAGTAATGGGGCGGCATAAGCCAGAAAATATCGTTATTGAAATGGCACGTGAAAATCAGACAACTCAAAAGGGCCAGAAAAATTCGCGAGAGCGTATGAAACGAATCGAAGAAGGTATCAAAGAATTAGGAAGTCAGATTCTTAAAGAGCATCCTGTTGAAAATACTCAATTGCAAAATGAAAAGCTCTATCTCTATTATCTCCAAAATGGAAGAGACATGTATGTGGACCAAGAATTAGATATTAATCGTTTAAGTGATTATGATGTCGATCACATTGTTCCACAAAGTTTCCTTAAAGACGATTCAATAGACAATAAGGTCTTAACGCGTTCTGATAAAAATCGTGGTAAATCGGATAACGTTCCAAGTGAAGAAGTAGTCAAAAAGATGAAAAACTATTGGAGACAACTTCTAAACGCCAAGTTAATCACTCAACGTAAGTTTGATAATTTAACGAAAGCTGAACGTGGAGGTTTGAGTGAACTTGATAAAGCTGGTTTTATCAAACGCCAATTGGTTGAAACTCGCCAAATCACTAAGCATGTGGCACAAATTTTGGATAGTCGCATGAATACTAAATACGATGAAAATGATAAACTTATTCGAGAGGTTAAAGTGATTACCTTAAAATCTAAATTAGTTTCTGACTTCCGAAAAGATTTCCAATTCTATAAAGTACGTGAGATTAACAATTACCATCATGCCCATGATGCGTATCTAAATGCCGTCGTTGGAACTGCTTTGATTAAGAAATATCCAAAACTTGAATCGGAGTTTGTCTATGGTGATTATAAAGTTTATGATGTTCGTAAAATGATTGCTAAGTCTGAGCAAGAAATAGGCAAAGCAACCGCAAAATATTTCTTTTACTCTAATATCATGAACTTCTTCAAAACAGAAATTACACTTGCAAATGGAGAGATTCGCAAACGCCCTCTAATCGAAACTAATGGGGAAACTGGAGAAATTGTCTGGGATAAAGGGCGAGATTTTGCCACAGTGCGCAAAGTATTGTCCATGCCCCAAGTCAATATTGTCAAGAAAACAGAAGTACAGACAGGCGGATTCTCCAAGGAGTCAATTTTACCAAAAAGAAATTCGGACAAGCTTATTGCTCGTAAAAAAGACTGGGATCCAAAAAAATATGGTGGTTTTGATAGTCCAACGGTAGCTTATTCAGTCCTAGTGGTTGCTAAGGTGGAAAAAGGGAAATCGAAGAAGTTAAAATCCGTTAAAGAGTTACTAGGGATCACAATTATGGAAAGAAGTTCCTTTGAAAAAAATCCGATTGACTTTTTAGAAGCTAAAGGATATAAGGAAGTTAAAAAAGACTTAATCATTAAACTACCTAAATATAGTCTTTTTGAGTTAGAAAACGGTCGTAAACGGATGCTGGCTAGTGCCGGAGAATTACAAAAAGGAAATGAGCTGGCTCTGCCAAGCAAATATGTGAATTTTTTATATTTAGCTAGTCATTATGAAAAGTTGAAGGGTAGTCCAGAAGATAACGAACAAAAACAATTGTTTGTGGAGCAGCATAAGCATTATTTAGATGAGATTATTGAGCAAATCAGTGAATTTTCTAAGCGTGTTATTTTAGCAGATGCCAATTTAGATAAAGTTCTTAGTGCATATAACAAACATAGAGACAAACCAATACGTGAACAAGCAGAAAATATTATTCATTTATTTACGTTGACGAATCTTGGAGCTCCCGCTGCTTTTAAATATTTTGATACAACAATTGATCGTAAACGATATACGTCTACAAAAGAAGTTTTAGATGCCACTCTTATCCATCAATCCATCACTGGTCTTTATGAAACACGCATTGATTTGAGTCAGCTAGGAGGTGACTGA(配列番号282)
(配列番号9)(一重下線:HNHドメイン;二重下線:RuvCドメイン)
dCas9(D10AおよびH840A):
Cas9 D10Aニッカーゼ:
(配列番号301)(一重下線:HNHドメイン;二重下線:RuvCドメイン)
Cas9 H840Aニッカーゼ:
(配列番号302)(一重下線:HNHドメイン;二重下線:RuvCドメイン)
いくつかの態様において、Cas9は、Corynebacterium ulcerans(NCBI Refs:NC_015683.1、NC_017317.1)、Corynebacterium diphtheria(NCBI Refs:NC_016782.1、NC_016786.1)、Spiroplasma syrphidicola(NCBI Ref:NC_021284.1)、Prevotella intermedia(NCBI Ref:NC 017861.1)、Spiroplasma taiwanense(NCBI Ref:NC_021846.1)、Streptococcus iniae(NCBI Ref:NC_021314.1)、Belliella baltica(NCBI Ref:NC_018010.1)、Psychroflexus torquisl(NCBI Ref:NC_018721.1)、Streptococcus thermophilus(NCBI Ref:YP_820832.1)、Listeria innocua(NCBI Ref:NP_472073.1)、Campylobacter jejuni(NCBI Ref:YP_002344900.1)、またはNeisseria, meningitidis(NCBI Ref:YP_002342100.1)に由来するCas9を指す。
本発明の開示のいくつかの側面は、3’末端に古典的PAM配列(5’-NGG-3’、Nはいずれかのヌクレオチド(例えばA、T、GまたはC))を含まないDNAの塩基配列を効率的に標的とする組み換えCas9蛋白質の提供に関する。いくつかの態様において、本発明で提供されるCas9蛋白質は、ランダム化されたPAM配列を含む標的配列ライブラリーを使用した定方向進化実験において同定された1以上の変異を含む。本発明で提供される組み換えPAM非拘束型Cas9蛋白質は、3’末端に古典的PAM配列を含まないDNAの塩基配列のターゲティングに有用であり、それにより、遺伝子編集に対するCas9技術の有用性を非常に高めるものである。
MDKKYSIGLAIGTNSVGWAVITDEYKVPSKKFKVLGNTDRHSIKKNLIGALLFDSGETAEATRLKRTARRRYTRRKNRICYLQEIFSNEMAKVDDSFFHRLEESFLVEEDKKHERHPIFGNIVDEVAYHEKYPTIYHLRKKLVDSTDKADLRLIYLALAHMIKFRGHFLIEGDLNPDNSDVDKLFIQLVQTYNQLFEENPINASGVDAKAILSARLSKSRRLENLIAQLPGEKKNGLFGNLIALSLGLTPNFKSNFDLAEDAKLQLSKDTYDDDLDNLLAQIGDQYADLFLAAKNLSDAILLSDILRVNTEITKAPLSASMIKRYDEHHQDLTLLKALVRQQLPEKYKEIFFDQSKNGYAGYIDGGASQEEFYKFIKPILEKMDGTEELLVKLNREDLLRKQRTFDNGSIPHQIHLGELHAILRRQEDFYPFLKDNREKIEKILTFRIPYYVGPLARGNSRFAWMTRKSEETITPWNFEEVVDKGASAQSFIERMTNFDKNLPNEKVLPKHSLLYEYFTVYNELTKVKYVTEGMRKPAFLSGEQKKAIVDLLFKTNRKVTVKQLKEDYFKKIECFDSVEISGVEDRFNASLGTYHDLLKIIKDKDFLDNEENEDILEDIVLTLTLFEDREMIEERLKTYAHLFDDKVMKQLKRRRYTGWGRLSRKLINGIRDKQSGKTILDFLKSDGFANRNFMQLIHDDSLTFKEDIQKAQVSGQGDSLHEHIANLAGSPAIKKGILQTVKVVDELVKVMGRHKPENIVIEMARENQTTQKGQKNSRERMKRIEEGIKELGSQILKEHPVENTQLQNEKLYLYYLQNGRDMYVDQELDINRLSDYDVDAIVPQSFLKDDSIDNKVLTRSDKNRGKSDNVPSEEVVKKMKNYWRQLLNAKLITQRKFDNLTKAERGGLSELDKAGFIKRQLVETRQITKHVAQILDSRMNTKYDENDKLIREVKVITLKSKLVSDFRKDFQFYKVREINNYHHAHDAYLNAVVGTALIKKYPKLESEFVYGDYKVYDVRKMIAKSEQEIGKATAKYFFYSNIMNFFKTEITLANGEIRKRPLIETNGETGEIVWDKGRDFATVRKVLSMPQVNIVKKTEVQTGGFSKESILPKRNSDKLIARKKDWDPKKYGGFDSPTVAYSVLVVAKVEKGKSKKLKSVKELLGITIMERSSFEKNPIDFLEAKGYKEVKKDLIIKLPKYSLFELENGRKRMLASAGELQKGNELALPSKYVNFLYLASHYEKLKGSPEDNEQKQLFVEQHKHYLDEIIEQISEFSKRVILADANLDKVLSAYNKHRDKPIREQAENIIHLFTLTNLGAPAAFKYFDTTIDRKRYTSTKEVLDATLIHQSITGLYETRIDLSQLGGD(配列番号262;例えば、Qi et al., Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Cell. 2013; 152(5):1173-83を参照。これの全内容は参照により組み込まれる)。
本発明の開示のいくつかの側面は、配列番号10~262のいずれかにより示されるCas9のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも80パーセント、少なくとも85パーセント、少なくとも90パーセント、少なくとも92パーセント、少なくとも95パーセント、少なくとも96パーセント、少なくとも97パーセント、少なくとも98パーセント、少なくとも99パーセントまたは少なくとも99.5パーセント同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む組み換えCas9蛋白質の提供に関し、Cas9蛋白質は、RuvCおよびHNHドメインを含み、Cas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列は、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸配列のアミノ酸残基122、137、182、262、294、409、480、543、660、694、1219および1329、または配列番号10~262に示されるアミノ酸配列のいずれかの対応するアミノ酸残基、からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸残基の少なくとも1つ、少なくとも2つ、少なくとも3つ、少なくとも4つ、少なくとも5つ、少なくとも6つまたは、少なくとも7つの変異を含み、組み換えCas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列は、天然に存在するCas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列と同一でない。
本発明の開示のいくつかの側面は、配列番号9により示されるStreptococcus pyogenesのCas9のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90パーセントの同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、配列番号9のRuvCおよびHNHドメインを含む組み換えCas9の提供に関し、Cas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列は、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸配列のアミノ酸残基122、137、182、262、294、409、480、543、660、694、1219および1329、からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸残基の少なくとも1つ、少なくとも2つ、少なくとも3つ、少なくとも4つ、少なくとも5つ、少なくとも6つまたは、少なくとも7つの変異を含み、組み換えCas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列は、天然に存在するCas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列と同一でなく、組み換えCas9蛋白質は、配列番号9に示されるStreptococcus pyogenesのCas9と比較し、3’末端に古典的PAM(5’-NGG-3’)を含まない標的配列に対する活性(増加した活性)を示す。
本発明の開示のいくつかの側面は、本発明で提供されるCas9蛋白質を含む融合蛋白質の提供に関し、当該Cas9蛋白質は、第2の蛋白質または「融合パートナー」(例えばエフェクタードメイン)と融合することにより、融合蛋白質を形成する。いくつかの態様において、エフェクタードメインは、Cas9蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、エフェクタードメインは、Cas9蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、Cas9蛋白質およびエフェクタードメインは、リンカーを介して相互に融合する。リンカーを使用して、またはリンカーを使用せずに、本発明の開示に係る融合蛋白質を作製するための好適なストラテジーは、本明細書の記載および当分野の技術的知識に鑑み、当業者にとり自明である。例えばGilbert et al, CRISPR-mediated modular RNA-guided regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. Cell. 2013; 154(2): 442-51では、リンカーとして2つのNLS(SPKKKRKVEAS、配列番号284)を用いた、Cas9のVP64とのC末端融合体が転写活性化に使用できることを示している。Mali et al, CAS9 transcriptional activators for target specificity screening and paired nickases for cooperative genome engineering. Nat Biotechnol. 2013; 31(9): 833-8は、リンカーを用いない、VP64とのC末端融合体が転写活性化に使用できることを報告している。また、Maeder et al, CRISPR RNA-guided activation of endogenous human genes.Nat Methods. 2013; 10: 977-979は、Gly4Ser(配列番号5)リンカーを用いたVP64とのC末端融合体が、転写アクチベーターとして使用できることを報告している。近年では、dCas9-FokIヌクレアーゼ融合体の作製に成功し、それは親のCas9酵素と比較し改良された酵素特異性を示すことが報告されている(Guilinger JP, Thompson DB, Liu DR. Fusion of catalytically inactive Cas9 to FokI nuclease improves the specificity of genome modification. Nat. Biotechnol. 2014; 32(6): 577-82、およびTsai SQ, Wyvekens N, Khayter C, Foden JA, Thapar V, Reyon D, Goodwin MJ, Aryee MJ, Joung JK. Dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases for highly specific genome editing. Nat Biotechnol. 2014; 32(6): 569-76を参照。PMID:24770325 SGSETPGTSESATPES(配列番号7)、またはGGGGSn(配列番号5)リンカーが、FokI-dCas9融合蛋白質において、それぞれで用いられている)。いくつかの態様において、リンカーは、(GGGGS)n(配列番号5)、(G)n、(EAAAK)n(配列番号6)、(GGS)n、SGSETPGTSESATPES(配列番号7)または(XP)nモチーフ、またはこれらのいずれかの組合せを含み、nは独立に1~30の整数である。いくつかの態様において、エフェクタードメインは、酵素ドメインを含む。好適なエフェクタードメインとしては、ヌクレアーゼ、ニッカーゼ、リコンビナーゼ、デアミナーゼ、メチルトランスフェラーゼ、メチラーゼ、アセチラーゼ、アセチルトランスフェラーゼ、転写アクチベーターおよび転写リプレッサーが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
[NH2]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[COOH]、または、
[NH2]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[COOH]であり、
NH2は融合蛋白質のN末端であり、COOHは融合蛋白質のC末端である。図11は、sgRNAとの複合体における、エフェクタードメイン(例えばrAPOBECl)と融合したCas9蛋白質、および標的核酸配列に対する結合の概略を示す。
[NH2]-[NLS]-[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[COOH]、
[NH2]-[NLS]-[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9]-[COOH]、
[NH2]-[Cas9]-[NLS]-[デアミナーゼ]-[COOH]、
[NH2]-[デアミナーゼ]-[NLS]-[Cas9]-[COOH]、
[NH2]-[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9]-[NLS]-[COOH]、または
[NH2]-[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[NLS]-[COOH]
ここでNLSは核局在化シグナルであり、NH2は融合蛋白質のN末端であり、COOHは融合蛋白質のC末端である。いくつかの態様において、リンカーは、Cas9蛋白質とデアミナーゼドメインとの間に挿入される。いくつかの態様において、「]-[」は、1以上のリンカーであってもよい。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、デアミナーゼおよび/またはCas9ドメインのC末端に位置する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、デアミナーゼとCas9ドメインとの間に位置する。さらなる特徴(例えば配列タグ)が存在してもよい。
MTSEKGPSTGDPTLRRRIEPWEFDVFYDPRELRKEACLLYEIKWGMSRKIWRSSGKNTTNHVEVNFIKKFTSERDFHPSMSCSITWFLSWSPCWECSQAIREFLSRHPGVTLVIYVARLFWHMDQQNRQGLRDLVNSGVTIQIMRASEYYHCWRNFVNYPPGDEAHWPQYPPLWMMLYALELHCIILSLPPCLKISRRWQNHLTFFRLHLQNCHYQTIPPHILLATGLIHPSVAWR(配列番号279)
MSSETGPVAVDPTLRRRIEPHEFEVFFDPRELRKETCLLYEINWGGRHSVWRHTSQNTSNHVEVNFLEKFTTERYFRPNTRCSITWFLSWSPCGECSRAITEFLSRHPYVTLFIYIARLYHHTDQRNRQGLRDLISSGVTIQIMTEQEYCYCWRNFVNYPPSNEAYWPRYPHLWVKLYVLELYCIILGLPPCLKILRRKQPQLTFFTITLQTCHYQRIPPHLLWATGLK(配列番号280)
MSSETGPVAVDPTLRRRIEPHEFEVFFDPRELRKETCLLYEINWGGRHSIWRHTSQNTNKHVEVNFIEKFTTERYFCPNTRCSITWFLSWSPCGECSRAITEFLSRYPHVTLFIYIARLYHHADPRNRQGLRDLISSGVTIQIMTEQESGYCWRNFVNYSPSNEAHWPRYPHLWVRLYVLELYCIILGLPPCLNILRRKQPQLTFFTIALQSCHYQRLPPHILWATGLK(配列番号281)
いくつかの態様において、VPRは、配列番号292の核酸配列:GAGGCCAGCGGTTCCGGACGGGCTGACGCATTGGACGATTTTGATCTGGATATGCTGGGAAGTGACGCCCTCGATGATTTTGACCTTGACATGCTTGGTTCGGATGCCCTTGATGACTTTGACCTCGACATGCTCGGCAGTGACGCCCTTGATGATTTCGACCTGGACATGCTGATTAACTCTAGATAG(配列番号292)によってコードされるVP64アミノ酸配列を含む。
TCGCCAGGGATCCGTCGACTTGACGCGTTGATATCAACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTACAAAGAGGCCAGCGGTTCCGGACGGGCTGACGCATTGGACGATTTTGATCTGGATATGCTGGGAAGTGACGCCCTCGATGATTTTGACCTTGACATGCTTGGTTCGGATGCCCTTGATGACTTTGACCTCGACATGCTCGGCAGTGACGCCCTTGATGATTTCGACCTGGACATGCTGATTAACTCTAGAAGTTCCGGATCTCCGAAAAAGAAACGCAAAGTTGGTAGCCAGTACCTGCCCGACACCGACGACCGGCACCGGATCGAGGAAAAGCGGAAGCGGACCTACGAGACATTCAAGAGCATCATGAAGAAGTCCCCCTTCAGCGGCCCCACCGACCCTAGACCTCCACCTAGAAGAATCGCCGTGCCCAGCAGATCCAGCGCCAGCGTGCCAAAACCTGCCCCCCAGCCTTACCCCTTCACCAGCAGCCTGAGCACCATCAACTACGACGAGTTCCCTACCATGGTGTTCCCCAGCGGCCAGATCTCTCAGGCCTCTGCTCTGGCTCCAGCCCCTCCTCAGGTGCTGCCTCAGGCTCCTGCTCCTGCACCAGCTCCAGCCATGGTGTCTGCACTGGCTCAGGCACCAGCACCCGTGCCTGTGCTGGCTCCTGGACCTCCACAGGCTGTGGCTCCACCAGCCCCTAAACCTACACAGGCCGGCGAGGGCACACTGTCTGAAGCTCTGCTGCAGCTGCAGTTCGACGACGAGGATCTGGGAGCCCTGCTGGGAAACAGCACCGATCCTGCCGTGTTCACCGACCTGGCCAGCGTGGACAACAGCGAGTTCCAGCAGCTGCTGAACCAGGGCATCCCTGTGGCCCCTCACACCACCGAGCCCATGCTGATGGAATACCCCGAGGCCATCACCCGGCTCGTGACAGGCGCTCAGAGGCCTCCTGATCCAGCTCCTGCCCCTCTGGGAGCACCAGGCCTGCCTAATGGACTGCTGTCTGGCGACGAGGACTTCAGCTCTATCGCCGATATGGATTTCTCAGCCTTGCTGGGCTCTGGCAGCGGCAGCCGGGATTCCAGGGAAGGGATGTTTTTGCCGAAGCCTGAGGCCGGCTCCGCTATTAGTGACGTGTTTGAGGGCCGCGAGGTGTGCCAGCCAAAACGAATCCGGCCATTTCATCCTCCAGGAAGTCCATGGGCCAACCGCCCACTCCCCGCCAGCCTCGCACCAACACCAACCGGTCCAGTACATGAGCCAGTCGGGTCACTGACCCCGGCACCAGTCCCTCAGCCACTGGATCCAGCGCCCGCAGTGACTCCCGAGGCCAGTCACCTGTTGGAGGATCCCGATGAAGAGACGAGCCAGGCTGTCAAAGCCCTTCGGGAGATGGCCGATACTGTGATTCCCCAGAAGGAAGAGGCTGCAATCTGTGGCCAAATGGACCTTTCCCATCCGCCCCCAAGGGGCCATCTGGATGAGCTGACAACCACACTTGAGTCCATGACCGAGGATCTGAACCTGGACTCACCCCTGACCCCGGAATTGAACGAGATTCTGGATACCTTCCTGAACGACGAGTGCCTCTTGCATGCCATGCATATCAGCACAGGACTGTCCATCTTCGACACATCTCTGTTTTGA(配列番号294)の核酸配列によってコードされるVP64-SV40-P65-RTAアミノ酸配列を含む。
SPGIRRLDALISTSLYKKAGYKEASGSGRADALDDFDLDMLGSDALDDFDLDMLGSDALDDFDLDMLGSDALDDFDLDMLINSRSSGSPKKKRKVGSQYLPDTDDRHRIEEKRKRTYETFKSIMKKSPFSGPTDPRPPPRRIAVPSRSSASVPKPAPQPYPFTSSLSTINYDEFPTMVFPSGQISQASALAPAPPQVLPQAPAPAPAPAMVSALAQAPAPVPVLAPGPPQAVAPPAPKPTQAGEGTLSEALLQLQFDDEDLGALLGNSTDPAVFTDLASVDNSEFQQLLNQGIPVAPHTTEPMLMEYPEAITRLVTGAQRPPDPAPAPLGAPGLPNGLLSGDEDFSSIADMDFSALLGSGSGSRDSREGMFLPKPEAGSAISDVFEGREVCQPKRIRPFHPPGSPWANRPLPASLAPTPTGPVHEPVGSLTPAPVPQPLDPAPAVTPEASHLLEDPDEETSQAVKALREMADTVIPQKEEAAICGQMDLSHPPPRGHLDELTTTLESMTEDLNLDSPLTPELNEILDTFLNDECLLHAMHISTGLSIFDTSLF(配列番号295)に示すVP64-SV40-P65-RTAアミノ酸配列を含む。
[NH2]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[エフェクターまたはドメイン]-[Cas9]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[UGI]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[UGI]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[UGI]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[UGI]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[UGI]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[UGI]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[UGI]-[COOH];または
[NH2]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[UGI]-[COOH]の構造であり、NH2は融合蛋白質のN末端であり、COOHは融合蛋白質のC末端である。いくつかの態様において、上記の一般構成において使用される「]-[」は、任意のリンカー配列の存在を示す。他の例において、本発明で提供される例示的なCas9融合蛋白質の一般構成は、
[NH2]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[UGI]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[UGI]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[UGI]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[UGI]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[UGI]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[UGI]-[COOH];
[NH2]-[Cas9]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[UGI]-[COOH];または
[NH2]-[第2のCas9蛋白質]-[エフェクタードメイン]-[Cas9]-[UGI]-[COOH]の構造であり、NH2は融合蛋白質のN末端であり、COOHは融合蛋白質のC末端である。いくつかの態様において、上記の一般構成において使用される「-」は、任意のリンカー配列の存在を示す。いくつかの態様において、第2のCas9は、dCas9蛋白質である。いくつかの態様において、本発明で提供される例示的なCas9融合蛋白質の一般構成は、図8に示す構造を含む。例示的なCas9融合蛋白質の一般構成に示される蛋白質はいずれも、本発明で提供される1以上のリンカーにより連結されうることは当然のことである。いくつかの態様において、リンカーは、同一である。いくつかの態様において、リンカーは異なる。いくつかの態様において、例示的なCas9融合蛋白質のいずれかの一般構成に示される蛋白質の1以上は、リンカーを介して融合しない。いくつかの態様において、融合蛋白質はさらに、核ターゲティング配列(例えば核局在化配列)を含む。いくつかの態様において、本発明で提供される融合蛋白質はさらに、核局在化配列(NLS)を含む。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、融合蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、融合蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、第2のCas9蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、第2のCas9蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、Cas9蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、Cas9蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、エフェクタードメインのN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、エフェクタードメインのC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、UGI蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、UGI蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、1以上のリンカーを介して融合蛋白質に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、リンカーを介さずに融合蛋白質に融合する。
本発明の開示のいくつかの側面は、エフェクタードメイン、例えばデアミナーゼおよびウラシルグリコシラーゼ阻害剤(UGI)に融合するCas9蛋白質を含む融合蛋白質を提供する。いくつかの態様において、融合蛋白質は、以下の構造を含む:
[デアミナーゼ]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[Cas9]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[UGI];
[デアミナーゼ]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[UGI]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[Cas9];
[UGI]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[デアミナーゼ]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[Cas9];
[UGI]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[Cas9]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[デアミナーゼ];
[Cas9]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[デアミナーゼ]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[UGI];または
[Cas9]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[UGI]-[任意のリンカー配列]-[デアミナーゼ]。
いくつかの態様において、融合蛋白質は、リンカー配列を含まない。いくつかの態様において、任意のリンカー配列の一方または両方が存在する。
[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9]-[UGI];
[デアミナーゼ]-[UGI]-[Cas9];
[UGI]-[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9];
[UGI]-[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ];
[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[UGI];
[Cas9]-[UGI]-[デアミナーゼ];
[第2のCas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9]-[UGI];
[第2のCas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[UGI]-[Cas9];
[第2のCas9]-[UGI]-[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9];
[第2のCas9]-[UGI]-[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ];
[第2のCas9]-[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[UGI];
[第2のCas9]-[Cas9]-[UGI]-[デアミナーゼ];
[デアミナーゼ]-[第2のCas9]-[Cas9]-[UGI];
[デアミナーゼ]-[第2のCas9]-[UGI]-[Cas9];
[UGI]-[第2のCas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9];
[UGI]-[第2のCas9]-[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ];
[Cas9]-[第2のCas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[UGI];
[Cas9]-[第2のCas9]-[UGI]-[デアミナーゼ];
[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9]-[UGI];
[デアミナーゼ]-[UGI]-[第2のCas9]-[Cas9];
[UGI]-[デアミナーゼ]-[第2のCas9]-[Cas9];
[UGI]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9]-[デアミナーゼ];
[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[第2のCas9]-[UGI];
[Cas9]-[UGI]-[第2のCas9]-[デアミナーゼ];
[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9]-[UGI]-[第2のCas9];
[デアミナーゼ]-[UGI]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9];
[UGI]-[デアミナーゼ]-[Cas9]-[第2のCas9];
[UGI]-[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[第2のCas9];
[Cas9]-[デアミナーゼ]-[UGI]-[第2のCas9];または
[Cas9]-[UGI]-[デアミナーゼ]-[第2のCas9]。
いくつかの態様において、上記の一般構成において使用される「-」は、任意のリンカー配列の存在を示す。いくつかの態様において、UGIを含む融合蛋白質はさらに、核ターゲティング配列(例えば核局在化配列)を含む。いくつかの態様において、本発明で提供される融合蛋白質はさらに、核局在化配列(NLS)を含む。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、融合蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、融合蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、UGI蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、UGI蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、Cas9蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、Cas9蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、デアミナーゼのN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、デアミナーゼのC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、第2のCas9蛋白質のN末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、第2のCas9蛋白質のC末端に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、1以上のリンカーを介して融合蛋白質に融合する。いくつかの態様において、NLSは、リンカーを介さずに融合蛋白質に融合する。
>sp|P14739|UNGI_BPPB2 ウラシル-DNAグリコシラーゼ阻害剤
MTLSDIIEKETGKQLVIQESILMLPEEVEEVIGKPESDILVHTAYDESTDENVMLLTSDAPEYKPWALVIQDSNGEKIKML(配列番号553)。
Erwinia tasmaniensisのSSB(熱安定性一本鎖DNA結合蛋白質)
MASRGVNKVILVGNLGQDPEVRYMPNGGAVANITLATSESWRDKQTGETKEKTEWHRVVLFGKLAEVAGEYLRKGSQVYIEGALQTRKWTDQAGVEKYTTEVVVNVGGTMQMLGGRSQGGGASAGGQNGGSNNGWGQPQQPQGGNQFSGGAQQQARPQQQPQQNNAPANNEPPIDFDDDIP(配列番号303)
UdgX(DNA中のウラシルに結合するが、切除しない)
MAGAQDFVPHTADLAELAAAAGECRGCGLYRDATQAVFGAGGRSARFMIGEQPGDKEDLAGLPFVGPAGRLLDRALEAADIDRDALYVTNAVKHFKFTRAAGGKRRIHKTPSRTEVVACRPWLIAEMTSVEPDVVVLLGATAAKALLGNDFRVTQFIRGEVLHVDDVPGDPALVATVHPSSLLRGPKEERESAFAGLVDDLRVAADVRP(配列番号304)UDG(触媒的に不活性なヒトUDG、DNA中のウラシルと結合するが、切除しない)
MIGQKTLYSFFSPSPARKRHAPSPEPAVQGTGVAGVPEESGDAAAIPAKKAPAGQEEPGTPPSSPLSAEQLDRIQRNKAAALLRLAARNVPVGFGESWKKHLSGEFGKPYFIKLMGFVAEERKHYTVYPPPHQVFTWTQMCDIKDVKVVILGQEPYHGPNQAHGLCFSVQRPVPPPPSLENIYKELSTDIEDFVHPGHGDLSGWAKQGVLLLNAVLTVRAHQANSHKERGWEQFTDAVVSWLNQNSNGLVFLLWGSYAQKKGSAIDRKRHHVLQTAHPSPLSVYRGFFGCRHFSKTNELLQKSGKKPIDWKEL(配列番号305)
本発明の開示のいくつかの側面は、正確性が高いCas9蛋白質の提供に関する。いくつかの態様において、高正確性のCas9蛋白質は、野生型Cas9ドメインと比較して、Cas9蛋白質とDNAの糖‐リン酸主鎖との間の静電的相互作用が低い。いくつかの態様において、本発明で提供されるCas9蛋白質のいずれかは、Cas9蛋白質とDNAの糖‐リン酸主鎖との間の会合を低下させる1以上の変異を含む。いくつかの態様において、本発明で提供されるCas9蛋白質のいずれかは、Cas9蛋白質とDNAの糖‐リン酸主鎖との間の会合を、少なくとも5パーセント、少なくとも10パーセント、少なくとも15パーセント、少なくとも20パーセント、少なくとも25パーセント、少なくとも30パーセント、少なくとも35パーセント、少なくとも40パーセント、少なくとも45パーセント、少なくとも50パーセント、少なくとも60パーセント、少なくとも70パーセント、少なくとも80パーセント、少なくとも90パーセントまたは少なくとも95パーセント低下させる、1以上の変異を含む。いくつかの態様において、本発明で提供されるCas9蛋白質のいずれかは、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸配列のN497X、R661X、Q695Xおよび/またはQ926X変異の1以上、または配列番号10~262に示されるアミノ酸配列のいずれかの対応する変異、を含み、Xはいずれかのアミノ酸である。いくつかの態様において、本発明で提供されるCas9蛋白質のいずれかは、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸配列のN497A、R661A、Q695Aおよび/またはQ926A変異の1以上、または配列番号10~262に示されるアミノ酸配列のいずれかの対応する変異を含む。いくつかの態様において、Cas9蛋白質は、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸配列のD10A変異、または配列番号10~262に示されるアミノ酸配列のいずれかの対応する変異を含む。いくつかの態様において、Cas9蛋白質は、配列番号306に示すアミノ酸配列を含む。正確性が高いCas9蛋白質は、先行技術文献に記載されており、当業者にとり自明である。例えば、正確性が高いCas9蛋白質は、Kleinstiver, B.P., et al. "High-fidelity CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases with no detectable genome-wide off-target effects." Nature 529, 490-495 (2016)、およびSlaymaker, I.M., et al. "Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity." Science 351, 84-88 (2015)に記載されており、各々の全開示内容を本明細書において参照により援用する。当然ながら、本発明の開示および技術常識に基づき、いずれかのCas9蛋白質を変異させ、野生型Cas9ドメインと比較し、Cas9蛋白質とDNAの糖‐リン酸主鎖との間の静電的相互作用が低減した、正確性が高いCas9蛋白質を創出できる。
配列番号9のCas9に対するCas9ドメインの変異箇所を太字および下線で示す。
(配列番号306)
本開示のいくつかの側面は、異なるPAM特異性を有するCas9蛋白質を提供する。典型的には、Cas9蛋白質、例えばS. pyogenesからのCas9(spCas9)は、具体的な核酸領域に結合するためには古典的NGG PAM配列を要求する。古典的(例えばNGG)PAM配列を含有しないヌクレオチド配列に結合する能力を限定し得る。。例えば、非古典的PAM配列に結合するCas9蛋白質はKleinstiver, B. P., et al., "Engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases with altered PAM specificities" Nature 523, 481-485 (2015);およびKleinstiver, B. P., et al., "Broadening the targeting range of Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-Cas9 by modifying PAM recognition" Nature Biotechnology 33, 1293-1298 (2015)に記載されており;それぞれの内容全体はここで参照によって組み込まれる。
例示のSaCas9配列
(配列番号307)
下線が引かれかつ太字の、配列番号307の残基N579は、変異が(例えばA579へ)導入されることで、SaCas9ニッカーゼが産生されてもよい。
例示のSaCas9n配列
(配列番号308)
配列番号308の残基N579は、配列番号307のN579から変異が導入されることでSaCas9ニッカーゼが産生され得るが、下線が引かれかつ太字である。
例示のSaKKHCas9
(配列番号309)
配列番号309の残基A579は、配列番号307のN579から変異が導入されることでSaCas9ニッカーゼが産生され得るが、下線が引かれかつ太字である。配列番号309の残基K781、K967、およびH1014は、配列番号307のE781、N967、およびR1014から変異が導入されることでSaKKHCas9が産生され得るが、下線が引かれかつ斜字体である。
例示のSpCas9
MDKKYSIGLDIGTNSVGWAVITDEYKVPSKKFKVLGNTDRHSIKKNLIGALLFDSGETAEATRLKRTARRRYTRRKNRICYLQEIFSNEMAKVDDSFFHRLEESFLVEEDKKHERHPIFGNIVDEVAYHEKYPTIYHLRKKLVDSTDKADLRLIYLALAHMIKFRGHFLIEGDLNPDNSDVDKLFIQLVQTYNQLFEENPINASGVDAKAILSARLSKSRRLENLIAQLPGEKKNGLFGNLIALSLGLTPNFKSNFDLAEDAKLQLSKDTYDDDLDNLLAQIGDQYADLFLAAKNLSDAILLSDILRVNTEITKAPLSASMIKRYDEHHQDLTLLKALVRQQLPEKYKEIFFDQSKNGYAGYIDGGASQEEFYKFIKPILEKMDGTEELLVKLNREDLLRKQRTFDNGSIPHQIHLGELHAILRRQEDFYPFLKDNREKIEKILTFRIPYYVGPLARGNSRFAWMTRKSEETITPWNFEEVVDKGASAQSFIERMTNFDKNLPNEKVLPKHSLLYEYFTVYNELTKVKYVTEGMRKPAFLSGEQKKAIVDLLFKTNRKVTVKQLKEDYFKKIECFDSVEISGVEDRFNASLGTYHDLLKIIKDKDFLDNEENEDILEDIVLTLTLFEDREMIEERLKTYAHLFDDKVMKQLKRRRYTGWGRLSRKLINGIRDKQSGKTILDFLKSDGFANRNFMQLIHDDSLTFKEDIQKAQVSGQGDSLHEHIANLAGSPAIKKGILQTVKVVDELVKVMGRHKPENIVIEMARENQTTQKGQKNSRERMKRIEEGIKELGSQILKEHPVENTQLQNEKLYLYYLQNGRDMYVDQELDINRLSDYDVDHIVPQSFLKDDSIDNKVLTRSDKNRGKSDNVPSEEVVKKMKNYWRQLLNAKLITQRKFDNLTKAERGGLSELDKAGFIKRQLVETRQITKHVAQILDSRMNTKYDENDKLIREVKVITLKSKLVSDFRKDFQFYKVREINNYHHAHDAYLNAVVGTALIKKYPKLESEFVYGDYKVYDVRKMIAKSEQEIGKATAKYFFYSNIMNFFKTEITLANGEIRKRPLIETNGETGEIVWDKGRDFATVRKVLSMPQVNIVKKTEVQTGGFSKESILPKRNSDKLIARKKDWDPKKYGGFDSPTVAYSVLVVAKVEKGKSKKLKSVKELLGITIMERSSFEKNPIDFLEAKGYKEVKKDLIIKLPKYSLFELENGRKRMLASAGELQKGNELALPSKYVNFLYLASHYEKLKGSPEDNEQKQLFVEQHKHYLDEIIEQISEFSKRVILADANLDKVLSAYNKHRDKPIREQAENIIHLFTLTNLGAPAAFKYFDTTIDRKRYTSTKEVLDATLIHQSITGLYETRIDLSQLGGD(配列番号9)
例示のSpCas9n
DKKYSIGLAIGTNSVGWAVITDEYKVPSKKFKVLGNTDRHSIKKNLIGALLFDSGETAEATRLKRTARRRYTRRKNRICYLQEIFSNEMAKVDDSFFHRLEESFLVEEDKKHERHPIFGNIVDEVAYHEKYPTIYHLRKKLVDSTDKADLRLIYLALAHMIKFRGHFLIEGDLNPDNSDVDKLFIQLVQTYNQLFEENPINASGVDAKAILSARLSKSRRLENLIAQLPGEKKNGLFGNLIALSLGLTPNFKSNFDLAEDAKLQLSKDTYDDDLDNLLAQIGDQYADLFLAAKNLSDAILLSDILRVNTEITKAPLSASMIKRYDEHHQDLTLLKALVRQQLPEKYKEIFFDQSKNGYAGYIDGGASQEEFYKFIKPILEKMDGTEELLVKLNREDLLRKQRTFDNGSIPHQIHLGELHAILRRQEDFYPFLKDNREKIEKILTFRIPYYVGPLARGNSRFAWMTRKSEETITPWNFEEVVDKGASAQSFIERMTNFDKNLPNEKVLPKHSLLYEYFTVYNELTKVKYVTEGMRKPAFLSGEQKKAIVDLLFKTNRKVTVKQLKEDYFKKIECFDSVEISGVEDRFNASLGTYHDLLKIIKDKDFLDNEENEDILEDIVLTLTLFEDREMIEERLKTYAHLFDDKVMKQLKRRRYTGWGRLSRKLINGIRDKQSGKTILDFLKSDGFANRNFMQLIHDDSLTFKEDIQKAQVSGQGDSLHEHIANLAGSPAIKKGILQTVKVVDELVKVMGRHKPENIVIEMARENQTTQKGQKNSRERMKRIEEGIKELGSQILKEHPVENTQLQNEKLYLYYLQNGRDMYVDQELDINRLSDYDVDHIVPQSFLKDDSIDNKVLTRSDKNRGKSDNVPSEEVVKKMKNYWRQLLNAKLITQRKFDNLTKAERGGLSELDKAGFIKRQLVETRQITKHVAQILDSRMNTKYDENDKLIREVKVITLKSKLVSDFRKDFQFYKVREINNYHHAHDAYLNAVVGTALIKKYPKLESEFVYGDYKVYDVRKMIAKSEQEIGKATAKYFFYSNIMNFFKTEITLANGEIRKRPLIETNGETGEIVWDKGRDFATVRKVLSMPQVNIVKKTEVQTGGFSKESILPKRNSDKLIARKKDWDPKKYGGFDSPTVAYSVLVVAKVEKGKSKKLKSVKELLGITIMERSSFEKNPIDFLEAKGYKEVKKDLIIKLPKYSLFELENGRKRMLASAGELQKGNELALPSKYVNFLYLASHYEKLKGSPEDNEQKQLFVEQHKHYLDEIIEQISEFSKRVILADANLDKVLSAYNKHRDKPIREQAENIIHLFTLTNLGAPAAFKYFDTTIDRKRYTSTKEVLDATLIHQSITGLYETRIDLSQLGGD(配列番号310)
例示のSpEQR Cas9
(配列番号311)
配列番号311の残基E1134、Q1334、およびR1336は、配列番号9のD1134、R1334、およびT1336から変異が導入されることで、SpEQR Cas9が産生され得るが、下線が引かれかつ太字である。
例示のSpVQR Cas9
(配列番号312)
配列番号312の残基V1134、Q1334、およびR1336は、配列番号9のD1134、R1334、およびT1336から変異が導入されることでSpVQR Cas9が産生され得るが、下線が引かれかつ太字である。
例示のSpVRER Cas9
(配列番号313)
本開示のいくつかの側面は、本明細書に提供されるとおりのCas9蛋白質またはCas9融合蛋白質を含む複合体を提供する。いくつかの態様において、ガイドRNAは約15~100ヌクレオチドの長さであり、標的配列に対して相補的である少なくとも10個の一続きのヌクレオチドの配列を含む。いくつかの態様において、ガイドRNAは、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、または50ヌクレオチドの長さである。いくつかの態様において、ガイドRNAは、標的配列に対して相補的である15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、または40個の一続きのヌクレオチドの配列を含む。いくつかの態様において、標的配列はDNA配列である。いくつかの態様において、標的配列は哺乳動物のゲノム中の配列である。いくつかの態様において、標的配列はヒトのゲノム中の配列である。いくつかの態様において、標的配列の3’末端は古典的PAM配列(5’-NGG-3’)に直ちには隣接しない。
Cas9融合蛋白質の使用方法:
本開示のいくつかの側面は、本明細書において提供されるCas9蛋白質、融合蛋白質、または複合体を用いる方法を提供する。例えば、本開示のいくつかの側面は、DNA分子を(a)本明細書において提供されるCas9蛋白質または融合蛋白質のいずれか、および少なくとも1つのガイドRNA;あるいは(b)本明細書において提供される少なくとも1つのgRNAとのCas9蛋白質、Cas9融合蛋白質、またはCas9蛋白質もしくは融合蛋白質複合体と接触させることを含む方法を提供し、ガイドRNAは約15~100ヌクレオチドの長さであり、標的配列に対して相補的である少なくとも10個の一続きのヌクレオチドの配列を含む。いくつかの態様において、標的配列の3’末端は古典的PAM配列(5’-NGG-3’)に直ちには隣接しない。いくつかの態様において、標的配列の3’末端はAGC、GAG、TTT、GTG、またはCAA配列に直ちに隣接する。
本開示のいくつかの側面は、(a)本明細書において提供されるCas9蛋白質またはCas9融合蛋白質をコードするヌクレオチド配列と;(b)(a)の配列の発現を駆動する異種プロモーターとを含む、核酸コンストラクトを含むキットを提供する。いくつかの態様において、キットは、さらに、ガイドRNAバックボーンをコードする発現コンストラクトを含み、コンストラクトは、ガイドRNAバックボーン中への標的配列と同一または相補的な核酸配列のクローニングを許すように位置したクローニング部位を含む。
PAMライブラリーの構築
4つの異なるプロトスペーサー標的配列を合成した:
Doench 1 5’-AAGAGAGACAGTACATGCCC-3’(配列番号286)、Doench 2 5’-GGAGCCCACCGAGTACCTGG-3’(配列番号287)、G7’ 5’-AGTCTCCTCAGCAAAACGAA-3’(配列番号288)、およびVEGF Target 2 5’-GACCCCCTCCACCCCGCCTC-3’(配列番号289)。プロトスペーサー標的配列ごとに、3’-NNN PAMライブラリーを構築した。古典的PAM配列は5’-NGG-3’であり(例えば、[Doench 1]-[古典的PAM]標的配列は、5’―[AAGAGAGACAGTACATGCCC]-[NGG]-3’(配列番号291)であり、一方、各プロトスペーサー標的配列のための3’-NNN PAMライブラリーは、完全にランダムなPAM配列を含むものであった(例えば、Doench 1 5’-AAGAGAGACAGTACATGCCCNNN-3’(配列番号290)、Nはいずれかのヌクレオチドを表す)。ゆえにNNN PAMライブラリーは、それぞれのプロトスペーサー標的配列の3’末端において、PAM配列のあらゆる可能な組み合わせが含まれるものであった。
細菌ルシフェラーゼ活性化アッセイを用いてCas9活性を試験した。当該アッセイでは、dCas9と大腸菌RNAポリメラーゼ(rpoZ)のωサブユニットとの融合蛋白質(例えばBikard et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Aug; 41(15): 7429-7437を参照)が、sgRNAにより標的とされうる配列を含む弱いプロモーターの制御下の核酸によりコードされるルシフェラーゼの産生を促進する。各PAMライブラリーを、かかる弱いプロモーターを含むプラスミドにクローニングし、そこでは、[標的配列]―[PAMライブラリー]核酸配列は、sgRNAにより標的とされうる配列として機能する。プロモーターにPAMライブラリーをクローニングし、古典的PAMおよびランダムPAMライブラリーの両方について、4つすべてのプロトスペーサー標的に対するω-dCas9アッセイを実施した。図1は、PAMライブラリーに対する野生型のS. pyogenesのCas9の活性を示す。
S. pyogenesのdCas9を、RNAポリメラーゼのωユニットに融合させた。得られるω-dCas9融合蛋白質を、pIII(伝染性ファージ粒子の生成に必要な遺伝子)をコードする遺伝子の機能性バージョンを除き全てのM13ファージゲノムを含む、M13ファージベースの選抜ファージミド(SP)にクローニングした。pIIIをコードするファージ遺伝子を、ω-dCas9によって転写が活性化されるプロモーターの制御下、別々のプラスミド(アクセサリープラスミド、AP)に挿入した。PAMライブラリーを、アクセサリープラスミドのプロモーター領域にクローニングした。PAM抑制のないCas9蛋白質の定方向進化のために使用する宿主細胞に、アクセサリープラスミドを導入した。それにより、選抜ファージによる感染の際、所与の宿主細胞によって産生される伝染性ファージ粒子の量は、選抜ファージによってコードされ、アクセサリープラスミドのプロモーターで制御される、pIII蛋白質の産生のために必要とされるω-dCas9融合蛋白質の活性に依存する。ゆえに、アクセサリープラスミドは、異なる非古典的PAM配列に対する活性が増加したω-dCas9融合蛋白質変異体をコードするそれらの選抜ファージに選択有利性を与える。
上記のPAMライブラリーのアクセサリープラスミドを使用した定方向進化実験から、多くの選抜ファージのクローンを単離した。いくつかの例示的なクローンのCas9のアミノ酸配列において同定された変異を、下記の表1に示す(残基の付番は配列番号9に従う):
非古典的PAMを有する標的配列に対する進化型Cas9蛋白質の活性をさらに詳細に評価した。クローン4(I122、D182およびE1219V変異を有する)の相対活性を、様々な[Doench 2 5’-GGAGCCCACCGAGTACCTGG-3’、配列番号287]-[PAM]標的配列に対して、ω-dCas9ルシフェラーゼ活性化アッセイで試験し、野生型dCas9の活性と比較した。
非古典的PAMを有する標的配列に対する進化型Cas9蛋白質の活性をさらに詳細に評価した。クローン4(I122、D182およびE1219V変異を有する)の相対活性を、様々な[Doench 2 5’-GGAGCCCACCGAGTACCTGG-3’、配列番号287]-[PAM]標的配列に対して、ω-dCas9ルシフェラーゼ活性化アッセイで試験し、野生型dCas9の活性と比較した。データを表2に示す。
NNN-PAMライブラリーに対するω-dCas9融合蛋白質の活性が非常に低かったため、PACE実験の第2ラウンドを実施した。本ラウンドでは、ω-dCas9融合蛋白質集団の多様化の第一フェーズを選択圧の非存在下、ω-dCas9融合蛋白質活性に依存しないpIIIの給源を供給することにより実施した。最初の多様化ステージにより、選択圧が実験全般にわたって適用されるPACE実験においては得られない変異が生じた。
野生型dCas9(配列番号9)および進化型Cas9の両クローンを、Hek293T細胞におけるdCas9-GFPアッセイにおいて試験した。細胞を、[gRNA標的配列]-[PAM]配列を含む、弱いプロモーターの制御によりGFPコード配列を発現させるレポーター構築物と接触させた。転写アクチベーターVP64-p65-Rta(VPR)に結合させたdCas9(野生型およびPACE変異体)の融合蛋白質を作製し、HEK293細胞のGFPレポーターを活性化させるそれらの能力について、各種のdCas9-VPR変異体を試験した。
野生型Cas9と比較し、進化型Cas9sは、TAA PAM(上記のネガティブコントロール細胞0.60パーセントに対し、21.08パーセント)およびNNN PAMライブラリー(上記のネガティブコントロール細胞の3.38パーセントに対し、22.76パーセント)に対して非常に高い活性を示した。
PACE変異がPAM抑制のないCas9活性を普遍的に付与することを立証するため、D10AおよびH840A変異はないが、様々なPACE変異を有する配列に基づいてヌクレアーゼ活性Cas9蛋白質を作製した。進化型Cas9変異体をCas9 GFPアッセイにおいて試験し、進化型Cas9蛋白質変異体の、非古典的PAMを有する配列を標的とするガイドRNAを使用し、HEK293細胞のゲノムに組み込まれたemGFP遺伝子を標的として不活性化する能力を評価した。観察の結果、野生型ヌクレアーゼ活性Cas9(配列番号9)と接触したときは、細胞の6.45パーセントがGFP発現の低下を示したが、進化型Cas9(E480K、E543D、E1219VおよびT1329)と接触した細胞では、54.55パーセントがGFP発現の低下を示した。
非古典的PAM配列にCas9活性を与える有利な変異を、S. pyogenesの野生型配列にマップ化した。その例示的なCas9配列(配列番号9の各アミノ酸残基に従い、アスタリスク表示のD10およびH840残基を有するS. pyogenesのCas9)を下記に示す。配列番号9のD10およびH840残基を変異させることにより、ヌクレアーゼ不活性なCas9(例えばD10AおよびH840A)の作製、またはニッカーゼCas9(例えばD10AとH840を有するか、またはD10とH840Aを有する)の作製が可能となる。HNHドメイン(太字および下線部)およびRuvCドメイン(囲い文字)を示す。様々なPACE実験から単離されたクローンに存在する変異残基として、アミノ酸残基122、137、182、262、294、409、480、543、660、694、1219および1329を、各アミノ酸残基に基づき、アスタリスクで識別する。
(配列番号9)
(配列番号297)
(配列番号298)
>gi 504540549|ref|014727651.1|II型CRISPR RNAガイド付きエンドヌクレアーゼ(type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease)Cas9[Streptococcus thermophilus]
(配列番号260)
>gi 924443546|Staphylococcus Aureus Cas9
(配列番号261)
-1;End-Gap Penalties -5、-1。CDD Parameters:Use RPS BLAST オン;Blast E-value 0.003;Find Conserved columns and Recompute オン。Query Clustering Parameters:Use query clusters オン;Word Size 4;Max cluster distance 0.8;Alphabet Regular。
PACEを用い、NNN PAMライブラリーに対するS. pyogenesのCas9の進化によって、多くの非古典的PAMに対して高い活性を有する、PAM特異性が拡張された進化型Cas9sが得られた。かかるCas9は未だ、その天然のDNA結合および切断活性を保持し、現在用いられているあらゆるツールによる利用が可能である。Cas9のDNAとの相互作用を調節することによって、Cas9のPAM特異性を改良および拡張することができると仮定される。Staphylococcus aureusなどの他のCas9sの設計を行い、かかる方法に従い、それらのPAM特異性を改変および拡張することができる。例えば、Cas9蛋白質の標的特異的変異導入、DNA結合性蛋白質との融合、各々連結された複数のCas9蛋白質の使用などの、DNA結合性の調節方法を用いることにより、標的とすることができるPAMを拡張することも可能となる。
変異導入プラスミド(MP)によるファージの終夜増殖を用いた進化の後、PACE変異による上記の変異を有するファージを用いた。24個のファージを、PACEのランから配列決定した。Cas9遺伝子に存在した変異を、下記の表3に示す。これらの変異を含むCas9遺伝子をファージからクローニングアウトし、プラスミドにクローニングし、DNA結合および切断活性を試験した。
表3:Cas9変異
dCas9-VPRにより活性化するGFPレポーターを有するレポーターに対する試験を実施した。試験は、最初に5’-NGG-3’ PAM(図4Aおよび4B)に対して実施し、次に、全て同じCas9標的部位を含むが、PAM位置にNNNを有するGFPレポーターのライブラリー(図5Aおよび5B)を用いて実施した。この試験において、dCas9-VPRは、GFPシグナルを活性化させることが解った。変異のない野生型Cas9(pJH306)、終夜増殖により進化したCas9(pJH562)およびPACEにより進化したCas9(pJH599-pJH605)の全てを試験した。各Cas9変異について、上記の表3に示す。
pJH306(野生型dCas9-VPR)およびpJH599(変異A262T、S409I、E480K、E543D、M694IおよびE1219Vを有する野生型dCas9-VPR)を用い、全64のPAM配列に対する試験を行った(図6)。dCas9-VPRを用い、上記の通りにGFPを活性化し、異なるレポータープラスミドを各ウェルに用い、全64の異なるPAM配列に対する活性化効率を確認した。平均GFP蛍光を全てのトランスフェクション細胞について測定した(iRFPシグナルによってゲート)。pJH599は、pJH306と比較し、全てのPAM配列について、同程度~高い活性化レベルを示した。
発現および精製された野生型Cas9(WT)およびE1219V変異(1)を有するCas9の、異なるPAMを有するDNAを切断する能力を試験した(図7)。標的部位を含有するdsDNAと共にCas9をインキュベートした。DNAをゲル電気泳動させ、未切断物の量を切断生成物の量と比較することにより、切断能力を測定した(サイズが小さいため、急速に泳動させた)。E1219V変異は、非古典的PAMに対するCas9の切断活性を増加させる一方で、5’-NGG-3’ PAMに対する活性を維持することが解った。
S. pyogenesのCas9の進化に加え、他のCas9系(例えばS. aureus、S. thermophilus、N. meningitidisおよびT. denticolaなど)を進化させ、それらのPAM特異性を改良および拡張させることができる。データより、S. pyogenesのCas9進化で用いたのと同様の系を用いて、ファージを含むS. aureusのCas9を進化させ、そのPAM特異性を拡張できることが示される。
中性および負荷電アミノ酸を正荷電アミノ酸に変異させることによって、標的とすることができるPAMが拡張されるようにCas9を改変できる。一般的に、正電荷を増加させる変異をCas9蛋白質に導入することにより、Cas9のDNA結合親和性が向上する。本発明で提供されるCas9変異との組合せにおいて、S. pyogenesのCas9におけるPAMターゲティング能力を向上させるために変異を導入できるさらなる残基としては、PAM特異性を改変するものとして同定されたもの(D1135、G1218、R1333、R1335、T1337)(38)およびCas9活性を向上させることができる残基(S845およびL847)が挙げられる(37)。Cas9の特異性を向上させる残基(例えばこれまで確認されたアルギニン、ヒスチジンおよびリジンのアラニンへの変異(37)、およびこれまで確認されたアスパラギン、アルギニンおよびグルタミンのアラニンへの変異(39))は、これらの変異がおそらくCas9とDNAとの間の相互作用を低下させるため、非古典的PAMに対する許容度を低下させるものである。
プログラム可能DNA結合性蛋白質(例えばZnフィンガードメイン、TALEsおよび他のCas9蛋白質)をCas9に融合させることにより、古典的または非古典的PAMを有するヌクレオチド配列へのターゲッティング能力を向上(例えば活性、特異性または効率を向上)させることが可能となる。ヌクレアーゼ欠失(null)dCas9を、ヌクレアーゼ活性Cas9と融合させ、ヌクレアーゼ活性Cas9の様々なPAM配列を標的とする能力を向上させることが可能となる。ヌクレアーゼ活性Cas9に融合させるヌクレアーゼ欠失dCas9の一例を図8に示す。かかる融合は、古典的または非古典的PAMを有するヌクレオチド配列へのターゲッティング能力を向上させるのに有用でありうる。Cas9sは、同じ種、または異なる種に由来してもよい。さらに、両方のCas9がヌクレアーゼ欠失dCas9であってもよく、VP64、VP64-p65-Rta、FokI、GFPおよび他の蛍光蛋白質、デアミナーゼまたは本発明で提供されるいずれかのエフェクター蛋白質などの、エフェクター蛋白質とさらに融合させてもよい。
Cas9を用いることで、それらのDNA標的に対する局在化を通じて、他の蛋白質の天然の結合特異性を超克することが可能となる。DNAヌクレアーゼ、リコンビナーゼ、デアミナーゼおよび他のエフェクターは通常、固有のDNA特異性を有する。Cas9をこれらの蛋白質に融合させることにより、それらの天然のDNA特異性を超克および拡張することが可能となる。gRNAsは、DNAエフェクターの標的部位に隣接する部位にCas9をターゲッティングし、それらの標的部位へのそれらの局在化を補助する。
進化型Cas9sが第4および第5のPAM部位への特異性を有するか否かを試験するため、NNNNN PAMライブラリーに対しdCas9-VPRを試験した。NNNライブラリーに見られたように、大部分の構築物(例えばpJH562、pJ559、pJH600、pJH601、pJH602、pJH603およびpJH605)は活性が向上していた。pJH599は、GFP活性化(図9A)を示した細胞のパーセンテージの増加、およびGFP活性化(図9B)を示した細胞の平均蛍光の増加、を一貫して示した。
野生型Cas9(pJH407)を、ヌクレアーゼ陽性進化型Cas9(pJH760、図10)と比較した。pJH760は、pJH599と同じ変異を含むが、ヌクレアーゼ不活性化変異D10AおよびH480Aを含まず、またVPRと融合していない。ゲノム中にインテグレートされたGFP遺伝子をCas9で切断し、細胞のGFPシグナルの損失を指標に活性を測定した。5’-NGG-3’ PAMを有する部位に対し、pJH407およびpJH760は良好な活性を示した。GAT PAMを有する部位に対し、pJH760は、pJH407と比較し活性の顕著な向上を示した。
本発明の開示はさらに、DNAの塩基配列の標的特異的編集のためのDNA編集酵素と融合させたCas9の提供に関する。図11は、DNA編集酵素-dCas9:sgRNA複合体に結合した二本鎖DNA基質を例示する。図示するDNA編集酵素は、デアミナーゼである。図11の構造を、それらの配列において同定する(36bp:下線、sgRNA標的配列:太字、PAM:囲い文字、21bp:斜字体)。
PAM配列をコードし、抗生物質耐性遺伝子を含むプラスミドを有する大腸菌ライブラリーを得た。Cas9がプラスミド上のPAM配列を切断できる場合、プラスミドは複製されずに失われ、切断されないプラスミドのみが集団として残存できる。初期のプラスミド集団および最終的なプラスミド集団のシークエンシングを行うハイスループットシークエンシングにより、Cas9によって切断されたプラスミドを測定できる。全リード数でPAM配列を含むリード数を除算することにより、各PAM配列からなるライブラリーの比率を得た。次に、選抜後PAM配列を含むライブラリーの比率で、選抜前のPAMセクションを含むライブラリーの比率を除算することにより、減少スコアを算出した。高い減少スコアは、Cas9による特定のPAM配列の切断活性が高いことを示す。PAM減少アッセイの結果を図12に示す。
表4.PAM減少スコア
ゲノムにインテグレートされたGFP遺伝子を含む哺乳動物細胞に、野生型または進化型Cas9およびgRNAsをトランスフェクションした。異なるgRNAは異なるPAM配列を有する異なる部位を標的とし、Cas9によるGFPのカットは、GFPシグナルの喪失をもたらす。GFPシグナルは、5日後にフローサイトメトリにより定量化した。図13に示すように、進化型Cas9は、哺乳動物細胞においてGFPを切断し、これはGFP活性化アッセイ、およびPAM減少アッセイの結果と整合する。切断された部位の周辺のハイスループットシークエンシングは、フローサイトメトリによって観察された結果を確認するものであり、フローサイトメトリによって観察された切断のパーセンテージと整合していた。
SpCas9が第2および第3の塩基におけるG残基への選択性を有するため、HHH(H=A、CまたはT)PAMライブラリーに対する最終の進化からのエンドポイントを用いて、進化を継続させた。進化の後、13のコロニーをシークエンシングし、多くの新規な変異が同定された。3つの変異、E1219V、E480KおよびE543D変異が全てのクローンに存在した。S267G/K294R/Q1256K変異を有するか、またはA262T/S409I変異を有する多くのクローンは存在したが、それらの変異が共存することは決してなく、これは、進化的ランドスケープに沿って、クローンが、2つの分化経路を採ったことを示唆するものである。新規な変異を表5に示す。
表5.新規な変異
pJH760(例6に記載)を用い、多くの新しい標的に対するPAM減少アッセイにおいて試験した。4つの新しい標的を選択した:re2:GGGGCCACTAGGGACAGGAT(配列番号314)、哺乳動物細胞のGFP活性化に従来用いられた合成標的。VEGF:GGGTGGGGGGAGTTTGCTCC(配列番号315)、VEGF遺伝子中の標的。CLTA:GCAGATGTAGTGTTTCCACA(配列番号316)、CLTA遺伝子中の標的。およびCCR5D:TCACTATGCTGCCGCCCAGT(配列番号317)、CCR5D遺伝子中の標的。PAM減少アッセイの結果を、図14~17に示す。PAM減少は、古典的NGG配列に加え、大部分のNGNおよびいくつかのNNG配列に対する切断も示すことがわかった。
表6.TからCへの変化を含有する疾患/障害。表は、シトシン(C)をチミン(T)へ変化させることによって修正されてもよいヒト遺伝子変異を含む。遺伝子名、遺伝子記号、およびGene IDが表示される。
表7.AからCへの変化を含有する疾患/障害。表は、グアニン(G)をアデニン(A)へ変化させることによって修正されてもよいヒト遺伝子変異を含む。遺伝子名、遺伝子記号、およびGene IDが表示される。
表8.xCas9v3変異(K294R/Q1256Kのシリーズ)
表9.xCas9v3変異(A262T/S409Iのシリーズ)
表10.PAM減少スコア(xCas9v3.0~3.6変異)
表10のつづき.PAM減少スコア(xCas9v3.7~3.12変異)
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当業者は、本明細書に記載される態様の多くの均等物を認識するか、または慣例的な実験作業だけを用いて確かめる能力があるであろう。本開示の範囲は、上の記載に限定されることを意図されておらず、むしろ添付のクレームに示されている通りである。
Claims (29)
- 配列番号9により示されるCas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90パーセント同一であるアミノ酸配列を含み、
Cas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸配列のA262T、S409I、E480K、E543D、M694I、およびE1219V変異を含み、
Cas9蛋白質が、古典的PAMを含まない標的配列に対する増加した活性を示す、Cas9蛋白質。 - Cas9蛋白質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸配列のA262T、F405I、S409I、E480K、E543D、M694IおよびE1219V変異を含む、請求項1に記載のCas9蛋白質。
- Cas9蛋白質が、配列番号9に示されるアミノ酸配列のD10Aおよび/またはH840A変異を含む、請求項1または2に記載のCas9蛋白質。
- Cas9蛋白質が、配列番号9に示されるStreptococcus pyogenesのCas9蛋白質と比較して、3’末端に古典的PAM(5’-NGG-3’)を含まない標的配列に対する増加した活性を示す、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のCas9蛋白質。
- Cas9蛋白質が、RuvCおよびHNHドメインを含む、請求項4に記載のCas9蛋白質。
- Cas9蛋白質が、古典的PAM配列(5’-NGG-3’)と直接隣接していない3’末端を有する標的配列に対する活性を示し、同じ標的配列に対する、配列番号9に示されるStreptococcus pyogenesのCas9蛋白質の活性と比較し、少なくとも5倍増加している、請求項4または5に記載のCas9蛋白質。
- 標的配列の3’末端が、AGC、GAG、TTT、GTG、CAA、CAC、GAT、TAA、ACG、CGA、CGT、AAA、AAC、AAG、AAT、CAG、CAT、GAA、GAC、TAC、TAG、TAT、ACA、ACC、ACT、CCA、CCC、CCG、CCT、GCA、GCC、GCG、GCT、TCA、TCC、TCG、TCT、AGA、AGT、CGC、GGA、GGC、GGT、TGA、TGC、TGT、ATA、ATC、ATG、ATT、CTA、CTC、CTG、CTT、GTA、GTC、GTT、TTA、TTC、またはTTG配列と直接隣接している、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のCas9蛋白質。
- Cas9蛋白質またはその断片がエフェクタードメインと融合し、それにより融合蛋白質を形成する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のCas9蛋白質を含む融合蛋白質。
- Cas9蛋白質およびエフェクタードメインが、リンカーを介して融合する、請求項8に記載の融合蛋白質。
- エフェクタードメインが、核酸編集ドメインである、請求項8または9に記載の融合蛋白質。
- 核酸編集ドメインが、デアミナーゼドメインである請求項10に記載の融合蛋白質。
- デアミナーゼドメインが、シトシンデアミナーゼまたはシチジンデアミナーゼである、請求項11に記載の融合蛋白質。
- デアミナーゼドメインが、アポリポ蛋白質B mRNA編集複合体(APOBEC)ファミリーのデアミナーゼを含む、請求項12に記載の融合蛋白質。
- リンカーが、(GGGGS)n(配列番号5)、(G)n、(EAAAK)n(配列番号6)、(GGS)n、SGSETPGTSESATPES(配列番号7)、(XP) n 、またはこれらのいずれかの組合せを含み、nが独立に1~30の整数である、請求項9~13のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質。
- エフェクタードメインが、ヌクレアーゼドメイン、ニッカーゼドメイン、リコンビナーゼドメイン、デアミナーゼドメイン、メチルトランスフェラーゼドメイン、メチラーゼドメイン、アセチラーゼドメイン、アセチルトランスフェラーゼドメイン、転写アクチベータードメインまたは転写リプレッサードメインを含む、請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質。
- エフェクタードメインが、ヌクレアーゼドメインである、請求項8~10および15のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質。
- ヌクレアーゼドメインが、FokI DNA切断ドメインである、請求項16に記載の融合蛋白質。
- デアミナーゼドメインが、アデノシンデアミナーゼである、請求項11に記載の融合蛋白質。
- 請求項8~18のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質の二量体。
- 第2のCas9蛋白質に融合した請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のCas9蛋白質を含む、融合蛋白質。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のCas9蛋白質または請求項8~18および20のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質と、当該Cas9蛋白質または当該融合蛋白質と結合するガイドRNAと、を含む複合体。
- DNA分子に:
(a)請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のCas9蛋白質、請求項8~18および20のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質、または請求項19に記載の二量体と、約15~100ヌクレオチド長であり、標的配列と相補的な少なくとも10の連続するヌクレオチドを含む、ガイドRNAと、を接触させること、または、
(b)請求項21に記載の複合体を接触することを含む方法。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のCas9蛋白質または請求項8~18および20のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質をコードする、ポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項23に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む、ベクター。
- 請求項23に記載のポリヌクレオチドおよびガイドRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、ベクター。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のCas9蛋白質、請求項8~18および20のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質、請求項19に記載の二量体、請求項21に記載の複合体、請求項23に記載のポリヌクレオチド、または請求項24または25に記載のベクターを含む、細胞。
- 医薬としての使用のための、請求項8~18および20のいずれか一項に記載の融合蛋白質または請求項19に記載の二量体。
- 医薬としての使用のための、請求項21に記載の複合体。
- 医薬としての使用のための、請求項23に記載のポリヌクレオチド、請求項24または25に記載のベクター、または請求項26に記載の細胞。
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JP2022124487A (ja) * | 2015-10-23 | 2022-08-25 | プレジデント アンド フェローズ オブ ハーバード カレッジ | 遺伝子編集のための進化したCas9蛋白質 |
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