CN107406846A - 通过电穿孔将Cas9 mRNA导入到哺乳动物的受精卵的方法 - Google Patents
通过电穿孔将Cas9 mRNA导入到哺乳动物的受精卵的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种向哺乳动物的受精卵导入编码Cas9蛋白的mRNA(Cas9 mRNA)的方法,包括如下的各阶段:(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;(b)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出。
Description
技术领域
本专利申请基于日本专利申请第2015-031006号而主张优先权,通过在此进行参照而将其整体并入本说明书中。
本发明涉及一种通过电穿孔将编码Cas9蛋白的mRNA(Cas9 mRNA)导入到哺乳动物的受精卵的方法。本发明还涉及利用上述方法制造表达Cas9的哺乳动物的受精卵;利用哺乳动物的受精卵进行基因组编辑;制作经基因组编辑的哺乳动物的受精卵;或制作基因修饰动物。
背景技术
目前,在包括医学和生物学的各种研究领域中,为了阐明生物的基本机制或者作为人的疾病模型而使用基因修饰动物。作为迅速的基因修饰动物的制作方法,ZFN(锌指核酸酶(Zinc-Finger Nucleases))、TALEN(转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶(TranscriptionActivator-Like Effector Nucleases))和CRISPR/Cas系统(成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列系统(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat-Associated System))等利用人工限制酶的系统近年来备受关注。这些新的技术被称为基因组编辑,能够在不利用胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)、人工多能干细胞(iPS细胞)的情况下对广范围的生物的基因组进行修饰。
基于基因组编辑的基因修饰动物的制作通常通过向原核期胚胎显微注射人工限制酶的基因来进行。目前该方法为主流,但为了防止细胞的损伤,需要熟练的手技。进而,显微注射必须使用专用设备向原核期胚胎一个一个地注入DNA和/或RNA,在同时处理多个细胞时不方便。
电穿孔是用于将靶基因导入到细胞或组织的有用方法,在许多物种中广泛使用。对于小鼠,该技术被用于包含胎儿和出生后的个体的脑、睾丸和肌肉的各种组织。另一方面,向受精卵的基因导入主要通过显微注射来进行。例如,为了将直链状DNA插入到基因组,使用向原核的显微注射,为了使期望的基因不插入到基因组、而是瞬时表达,使用环状质粒或mRNA的显微注射。最近建立的小鼠基因组编辑也通过将Cas9 mRNA和gRNA(指导RNA)或表达这些RNA的质粒一个一个地显微注射到受精卵的细胞质或原核来实施。显微注射需要较长的时间和熟练的手技,在基于基因组编辑的基因修饰小鼠的制作中成为技术上的限速步骤(非专利文献1)。
迄今为止,几乎未使用电穿孔用于向小鼠受精卵导入基因。作为例外,报道了为了敲除内源性基因,通过电穿孔将不编码蛋白质的dsRNA导入到小鼠受精卵(非专利文献2)。该方法在电穿孔前需要利用酸性台氏液将透明带除去或薄化的处理,但已知透明带对着床前的胚胎而言是重要的结构,利用该酸性台氏液的处理对小鼠胚胎具有毒性作用,因此,该方法并不实用。另外,该方法仅导入小于1kb的短RNA。也报道了不进行酸性台氏液处理的电穿孔,但仅将500bp左右的dsDNA导入到小鼠的囊胚期胚胎(非专利文献3)。
最近报道了通过电穿孔向未对透明带进行处理的大鼠受精卵导入Cas9mRNA和gRNA(非专利文献4)。在该报道中,尽管使用1000~2000ng/μl的高浓度的mRNA,但基因组编辑的效率非常低,仅小于9%的新生小鼠进行了基因组编辑。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:美国专利第8697359号
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Wang,H.et al.,Cell 153,910-918(2013)
非专利文献2:Grabarek,JB.et al.,Genesis 32:269-276(2002)
非专利文献3:Soares,ML.et al.,BMC Developmental Biology 2005,5:28
非专利文献4:Kaneko,T.et al.,Scientific Reports 4,6382(2014)
非专利文献5:Peng,H.et al.,(2012)PLos ONE 7(8):e43748
非专利文献6:Ohnishi Y.et al.,Nucleic Acids Research,2010,Vol.38,No.155141-5151
非专利文献7:Mazari,E.et al.,Development(2014)141,2349-2359
非专利文献8:Yasue A.,et al.,Scientific Reports 4,5705(2014)
非专利文献9:Yang,H.et al.,Cell 154,1370-1379(2013)
非专利文献10:Mashiko,D.et al.,Scientific Reports 3,3355(2013)
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明人等进行了深入研究,结果确定了用于将Cas9 mRNA导入到哺乳动物的受精卵的电穿孔的最佳条件,完成了本发明。
用于解决问题的技术方案
本发明提供一种向哺乳动物的受精卵导入编码Cas9蛋白的mRNA(Cas9 mRNA)的方法,包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过下式(A)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出,
式(A) Rmin=882/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约990Vmsec以下。
另外,本发明提供一种表达Cas9的哺乳动物的受精卵的制造方法,包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过下式(A)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出,
式(A) Rmin=882/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t,由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约990Vmsec以下。
另外,本发明提供一种方法,是以哺乳动物的受精卵进行基因组编辑的方法,包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA和进一步的核酸分子的溶液与受精卵的混合物,在此,进一步的核酸分子是crRNA(CRISPR RNA)和tracrRNA(trans-activating CRISPR RNA)的组合或gRNA;
(b)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过下式(A)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出,
式(A) Rmin=882/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约990Vmsec以下。
另外,本发明提供一种经基因组编辑的哺乳动物的受精卵的制作方法,包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA和进一步的核酸分子的溶液与受精卵的混合物,在此,进一步的核酸分子是crRNA和tracrRNA的组合或gRNA,
(b)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过下式(A)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出,
式(A) Rmin=882/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约990Vmsec以下。
另外,本发明提供一种基因修饰动物的制作方法,包括向受体动物移植通过上述方法得到的受精卵。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够通过电穿孔将Cas9 mRNA导入到哺乳动物的受精卵。
附图说明
图1-1示出序列号1的氨基酸序列。
图1-2示出序列号2的氨基酸序列。
图1-3示出序列号3的氨基酸序列。
图1-4示出序列号4的氨基酸序列。
图2示出电穿孔装置。
图3示出在各种条件下将mCherry mRNA进行电穿孔而得到的胚胎的mCherry荧光强度和到囊胚期为止的存活率。
图4是基于图3在各电压预测各通电时间下的mRNA导入效率而得到的图表。
图5示出使用两个方向的脉冲将mCherry mRNA进行电穿孔而得到的胚胎的mCherry荧光强度和到囊胚期为止的存活率。
图6示出基于电穿孔的CRISPR/Cas系统中的Fgf10的基因组编辑。
图7示出使用高浓度Cas9 mRNA的基于电穿孔的基因组编辑。
图8示出基于电穿孔的在mCherry基因座的利用ssODN(单链寡脱氧核苷酸(single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide))的HDR(同源重组修复(Homology DirectedRepair))。
图9示出基于电穿孔的在mCherry基因座的利用ssODN的HDR。
具体实施方式
只要没有特别具体规定,则本说明书中使用的术语具有有机化学、医学、药学、发育生物学、细胞生物学、分子生物学、微生物学等领域中的本领域技术人员一般所理解的含义。以下记载了一些关于本说明书中使用的术语的定义,这些定义在本说明书中优先于一般的理解。
在本说明中,数值伴有术语“约”时,则是指包含该值±10%的范围。数值的范围包含两个端点之间的全部数值和两个端点的数值。有关范围的“约”适用于该范围的两个端点。因此,例如,“约20~30”包含“20±10%~30±10%”。
电穿孔
本发明中使用的电穿孔仪是指电脉冲的发生装置,只要能够实施本发明的阶段(a)和(b),则可以为任何电穿孔仪。电穿孔仪能够从例如BioRad公司、BTX公司、BEX公司、Intracel公司、Eppendorf公司等购入。
在本发明中,“电穿孔用电极”包含以往的电穿孔法中使用的所有电极。例如可以举出由铂、金、铝等金属构成的电极。通常,2根电极空出约0.25mm~约10mm、例如约0.5mm~约4mm或约1mm~约2mm的间隙而配置,可以在该间隙放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物。电极可以为与用于放入混合物的容器组合的比色皿电极。电穿孔用电极可以从例如BioRad公司、BTX公司、BEX公司、Intracel公司、Eppendorf公司等购入。
在本发明的阶段(a)中,包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液以例如约30ng/μl~约2000ng/μl、约50ng/μl~约1000ng/μl、约50ng/μl~约500ng/μl、约50ng/μl~约300ng/μl、约50ng/μl~约200ng/μl、约200ng/μl~约1000ng/μl、约200ng/μl~约500ng/μl或约200ng/μl~约300ng/μl的浓度包含Cas9 mRNA。在本发明的某实施方案中,溶液包含约200ng/μl Cas9mRNA。在一定的电气条件下,溶液中的Cas9 mRNA的浓度越高,mRNA导入量变得越多。
在本发明的阶段(a)中,包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液是在可以用于电穿孔的任意溶液中溶解Cas9 mRNA而成的溶液。可以用于电穿孔的溶液只要是在实施电穿孔期间受精卵能够生存的培养基或缓冲液即可,例如包含Opti-MEM I、PBS、HBS、HBSS、Hanks、HCMF等培养基或缓冲液。优选溶液不含血清。
在本发明的阶段(a)中,在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物。可以将包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液和受精卵的预先混合而成的混合物添加到电极间,也可以将包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液和受精卵分别添加到电极间。混合物以充满上述电极的间隙的体积、例如约1μl~约50μl、优选约1.5μl~约15μl,更优选约2μl~约10μl的体积使用。在本发明的某实施方案中,混合物的体积为约5μl。
在本发明的阶段(b)中,以实现由Cas9 mRNA浓度规定的最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的方式对电极间施加电压。最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过下式(A)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出。
式(A) Rmin=882/c
在本发明的阶段(b)中,mRNA导入效率依赖于对电极间施加的电压和通电时间。通电时间为t(msec)、每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t算出,通电时间为t(msec)、每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t算出,通电时间为t(msec)、每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t算出,通电时间为t(msec)、每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t算出。其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V时,使用式(II)算出mRNA导入效率,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V时,使用式(III)算出mRNA导入效率,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V时,使用式(IV)算出mRNA导入效率。
在本发明的阶段(b)中,mRNA导入效率(R)只要是由阶段(a)的溶液的Cas9mRNA浓度算出的最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上即可。例如,Cas9 mRNA浓度为50ng/μl时,Rmin为17.6,R只要为17.6以上即可,例如为25以上,优选为27.1以上。例如,Cas9 mRNA浓度为200ng/μl时,Rmin为4.41,R只要为4.41以上即可,优选为7.9以上,更优选为14.7以上,最优选为27.1以上。
例如,Cas9 mRNA浓度为50ng/μl时,Rmin为17.6。为了实现该Rmin以上的mRNA导入效率(R),例如,每1mm电极间距离施加约20V的电压约31msec以上,施加约30V的电压约17msec以上,施加约40V的电压约11msec以上,施加约50V的电压约7.5msec以上。优选每1mm电极间距离施加约20V的电压约36msec以上,施加约30V的电压约21msec以上,施加约40V的电压约14msec以上,施加约50V的电压约11msec以上。特别优选每1mm电极间距离施加约20V的电压约37msec以上,施加约30V的电压约22msec以上,施加约40V的电压约15msec以上或施加约50V的电压约12msec以上。在某实施方案中,每1mm电极间距离施加约30V的电压约21msec。
例如,Cas9 mRNA浓度为200ng/μl时,Rmin为4.41。为了实现该Rmin以上的mRNA导入效率(R),例如每1mm电极间距离施加约20V的电压约15msec以上,施加约30V的电压约5msec以上,施加约40V的电压约3.8msec以上,施加约50V的电压约1.6msec以上。优选每1mm电极间距离施加约20V的电压约21msec以上,施加约30V的电压约9msec以上,施加约40V的电压约6msec以上,施加约50V的电压约3msec以上。更优选每1mm电极间距离施加约20V的电压约29msec以上,施加约30V的电压约15msec以上,施加约40V的电压约10msec以上,施加约50V的电压约6msec以上。特别优选每1mm电极间距离施加约20V的电压约37msec以上,施加约30V的电压约22msec以上,施加约40V的电压约15msec以上或施加约50V的电压约12msec以上。在某实施方案中,每1mm电极间距离施加约30V的电压约21msec。
在本发明的阶段(b)中,mRNA导入效率随着电压和通电时间而增加,但若电压过高或者若通电时间过长,则存在受精卵存活率降低的趋势。在本发明的阶段(b)中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,优选为约20V~约40V,进一步优选为约25V~约35V,最优选为约30V。关于通电时间,以电压和通电时间的积为每1mm电极间距离约990Vmsec以下、进一步优选约810msec以下、更优选约630Vmsec以下的方式进行设定。
阶段(b)中的电压可以为恒定,也可以变动。在本发明的某实施方案中,阶段(b)中的电压为恒定。此时,作为电穿孔仪,可以使用以往的矩形脉冲式电穿孔仪。
在本发明的某实施方案中,将电压分成多个脉冲来施加。例如,将电压分成2次~15次、3次~11次、5次~9次或6次~8次的脉冲来施加。在本发明的某实施方案中,将电压分成7次的脉冲来施加。各脉冲的时间例如为约0.01msec~约33msec、约0.5msec~约15msec、约1msec~约10msec、约2msec-约5msec,例如约3msec。各脉冲间的间隔例如为约0.5~约500msec,优选为约5~约250msec,更优选为约10~约150msec,进一步优选为约80~120msec。在本发明的某实施方案中,脉冲间的间隔为约97msec。
在本发明中,将电压分成多个脉冲来施加时,各脉冲的大小可以相同,也可以不同。
在本发明中,将电压分成多个脉冲来施加时,各脉冲的方向可以相同,也可以至少1个脉冲的方向与其它脉冲相反。另外,使用两个方向的脉冲时,各方向的脉冲可以为任何顺序。例如,可以在连续地施加一个方向的脉冲后施加相反方向的脉冲,也可以交替施加各方向的脉冲,还可以随机施加各方向的脉冲。
在本发明中,“相反方向的脉冲”是指相对于将2根电穿孔用电极中的1根作为阳极、另1根作为阴极的脉冲,将阳极和阴极调换时的脉冲。同样地,“相反方向的电压”是指相对于将2根电穿孔用电极中的1根作为阳极、另1根作为阴极的电压,将阳极和阴极调换时的电压。
在本发明中,可以实施下述的阶段(c)和(d)代替阶段(b)。
包含如下的各阶段:(c)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过下式(B)由Cas9mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出,
式(B) Rmin=441/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下,优选为540Vmsec以下,电压可以分成2次以上的脉冲来施加;
(d)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加与阶段(c)方向相反的电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过式(B)算出,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下,优选为540Vmsec以下,电压可以分成2次以上的脉冲来施加,
在阶段(c)和(d)中将电压分成2次以上脉冲来施加时,可以在连续地施加一个方向的脉冲后施加相反方向的脉冲,也可以交替施加各方向的脉冲,还可以随机施加各方向的脉冲。
在阶段(c)和(d)中,可以依据阶段(b)来决定电压和通电时间等条件。
基因组编辑
在本发明中,“基因组编辑”是指使用人工限制酶对哺乳动物细胞中的1种或1种以上的基因进行修饰。通过基因组编辑对等位基因中的一者或两者进行修饰。在本发明中,使用源自细菌的CRISPR/Cas系统进行基因组编辑。CRISPR/Cas系统的详细情况记载于例如Wang,H.et al.,Cell,153,910-918(2013)和美国专利第8697359号中,通过引用将这些文献作为本说明书的一部分。
一般而言,基于CRISPR/Cas系统的基因组编辑需要核酸内切酶Cas9蛋白和gRNA。gRNA是将细菌的crRNA和tracrRNA组合而形成一个嵌合RNA而得到的。因此,gRNA兼具crRNA的靶序列特异性和成为Cas9蛋白的骨架的tracrRNA的特性。若gRNA和Cas9在细胞内表达,则能够永久地修饰基因组内的靶序列。
gRNA/Cas9蛋白复合物通过gRNA序列与基因组DNA内的靶序列的互补性碱基结合而募集到靶序列。为了使gRNA/Cas9蛋白复合物与靶序列结合,基因组内的靶序列必须在紧接在靶序列之后含有PAM(前间区序列邻近基序(Protospacer Adjacent Motif))序列。gRNA/Cas9蛋白复合物向靶序列的结合使Cas9蛋白局部化定位于基因组内的靶序列,Cas9蛋白切断DNA的两条链,引起DSB(双链断裂(Double Strand Break))。DSB可以通过NHEJ(非同源末端连接(Non-Homologous End Joining))DNA修复途径或HDR(同源重组修复)途径来修复。NHEJ修复途径总是对DSB的位点赋予碱基的插入/缺失,这可能会带来移码和/或终止密码子,破坏靶基因的开放阅读框。为了修复DSB,HDR途径需要存在修复模板。在HDR中,修复模板的序列被忠实地复制到经切断的靶序列。可以利用修复模板和HDR向靶基因导入期望的突变。
Cas9蛋白
野生型Cas9蛋白具有RuvC和HNH这两个功能性核酸酶结构域,它们各自切断DNA的双链的不同的链。这两个结构域为活性时,Cas9蛋白在基因组DNA引起DSB(双链断裂)。也开发了仅具有RuvC或HNH中的任一催化活性的Cas9蛋白。此时,Cas9蛋白仅切断靶DNA中的任一链。例如,源自酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)的Cas9蛋白的RuvC结构域通过D10A突变而失活,HNH结构域通过H840A突变而失活。
Cas9蛋白的DNA结合活性独立于其核酸酶活性。即使在承担核酸酶活性的RuvC和HNH为无活性且Cas9蛋白完全不具有核酸酶活性的情况下,Cas9蛋白仍保持gRNA依赖性地与DNA结合的能力。因此,可以将作为核酸酶无活性的Cas9蛋白(dCas9蛋白)作为分子生物学工具来利用。例如,可以通过利用gRNA使dCas9蛋白与已知的转录调节结构域结合,由此作为活化或抑制基因表达的转录调节因子。例如,与转录活化因子融合的dCas9蛋白能够活化靶序列的转录。相反,若仅dCas9蛋白与靶序列结合,则能够抑制转录。通过选择位于接近基因的启动子的区域的gRNA靶序列,能够调节各种基因的转录。或者,在染色质免疫沉淀等中,通过将与表位标签融合的dCas9蛋白与以任意的基因组DNA序列为靶gRNA一起使用,能够纯化基因组DNA。也可以将与GFP、mcherry等荧光蛋白标记融合的dCas9蛋白与以任意的基因组DNA序列为靶的gRNA组合,用作在活细胞中能够检测的DNA标记。
在本发明中,“Cas9蛋白”是指具有gRNA依赖性地与DNA结合的能力的蛋白质,包含具有RuvC和HNH核酸酶活性这两者的物质,也包含不具有RuvC和HNH核酸酶活性中的任一者或两者的物质。Cas9蛋白的DNA结合活性和核酸酶活性可以通过例如Samuel H.Sternberget al.,Nature 507,62-67(2014)中记载的方法来测定,所述Samuel H.Sternberg etal.,Nature 507,62-67(2014)通过引用而作为本说明书的一部分。
在本发明中,“Cas9 mRNA”是指编码Cas9蛋白的mRNA,只要是能够翻译成Cas9蛋白的氨基酸序列,则可以具有任何核苷酸序列。
在本发明的某实施方案中,Cas9蛋白源自具有CRISPR系统的细菌。已知具有CRISPR系统的细菌包含属于如下属的细菌:气热菌属(Aeropyrum)、火棒菌属(Pyrobaculum)、硫化叶菌属(Sulfolobus)、古球菌属(Archaeoglobus)、盐盒菌属(Halocarcula)、甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacteriumn)、甲烷球菌属(Methanococcus)、甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)、甲烷嗜热菌属(Methanopyrus)、火球菌属(Pyrococcus)、嗜苦菌属(Picrophilus)、热原体属(Thermoplasma)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、产液菌属(Aquifex)、卟啉菌属(Porphyromonas)、绿菌属(Chlorobium)、栖热菌属(Thermus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、李斯特菌属(Listeria)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、热厌氧杆菌属(Thermoanaerobacter)、支原体属(Mycoplasma)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、固氮弧菌属(Azoarcus)、色杆菌属(Chromobacterium)、奈瑟菌属(Neisseria)、亚硝酸菌属(Nitrosomonas)、脱硫化弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、地杆菌属(Geobacter)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter)、沃林氏菌属(Wolinella)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)、埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)、军团菌属(Legionella)、甲基球菌属(Methylococcus)、巴斯德菌属(Pasteurella)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)、沙门氏菌属(Salmonella)、黄单胞杆菌属(Xanthomonas)、耶尔辛氏菌属(Yersinia)、密螺旋体属(Treponema)和热袍菌属(Thermotoga)等。例如,Cas9蛋白源自酿脓链球菌、脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria meningitidis)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcusthermophilus)、齿垢密螺旋体(Treponema denticola)等细菌。
在本发明的某实施方案中,Cas9蛋白可以为与其它蛋白质或肽的融合蛋白质。其它蛋白质或肽包含例如荧光蛋白、转录调节因子、表位标签、蛋白质纯化用标签、核定位信号肽等。
在本发明的某实施方案中,Cas9蛋白可以为如下的蛋白质:包含与图1所示的序列号1~序列号4中的任一氨基酸序列具有约80%以上的序列同源性的氨基酸序列,且具有Cas9蛋白的gRNA依赖性DNA结合活性,根据情况具有RuvC核酸酶活性和HNH核酸酶活性中的任一者或两者。例如,Cas9蛋白包含序列号1~序列号4中的任一氨基酸序列,或者由序列号1~序列号4中的任一氨基酸序列构成。或者,Cas9蛋白可以为如下的蛋白质:包含与序列号1的氨基酸序列具有约80%以上的序列同源性的氨基酸序列,且具有Cas9蛋白的gRNA依赖性DNA结合活性,根据情况具有RuvC和/或HNH核酸酶活性。例如,Cas9蛋白包含序列号1的氨基酸序列,或者由序列号1的氨基酸序列构成。序列号1~序列号4分别为源自酿脓链球菌、脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌、嗜热链球菌、齿垢密螺旋体的Cas9蛋白的氨基酸序列。
在本发明的某实施方案中,Cas9蛋白包含与序列号1~序列号4中的任一氨基酸序列具有约80%以上、例如约85%以上、优选约90%以上、更优选约95%以上、更优选约97%以上、更优选约98%以上、更优选约99%以上、更优选约99.5%以上的序列同源性的氨基酸序列。氨基酸序列同源性是指将序列最佳比对时,在2个序列中相同的氨基酸残基的比例。因此,例如,90%氨基酸序列同源性是指在最佳比对的2个氨基酸序列中90%的氨基酸相同。氨基酸序列的比对和同源性的计算方法对于本领域技术人员是总所周知的,例如可以利用BLAST等程序。
通过将编码期望的Cas9蛋白的氨基酸序列的DNA克隆到体外转录用载体并在体外转录,能够得到Cas9 mRNA。适合的体外转录用载体对于本领域技术人员是公知的。克隆有编码Cas9蛋白的DNA的体外转录用载体也是公知的,例如包括可以从Origene公司购入的pT7-Cas9。体外转录的方法对于本领域技术人员是公知的。
在本发明的某实施方案中,包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液包含1种或2种以上的进一步的核酸分子,该核酸分子与Cas9 mRNA一起被导入受精卵。进一步的核酸分子可以为例如gRNA、crRNA、tracrRNA或ssODN,可以使用gRNA单独、crRNA和tracrRNA的组合、gRNA和ssODN的组合或crRNA、tracrRNA和ssODN的组合。
相对于Cas9 mRNA的浓度,溶液中的gRNA的浓度以重量计可以为1:20~1:1,例如1:2。例如,溶液可以包含200ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和100ng/μl的gRNA。相对于Cas9 mRNA的浓度,溶液中的crRNA和tracrRNA的浓度以重量计可以为1:1:20~1:1:1,例如1:1:2。例如,溶液可以包含200ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA、100ng/μl的crRNA和100ng/μl的tracrRNA。溶液中的ssODN的浓度可以为200~1000ng/μl,例如600ng/μl。
gRNA
基因组编辑需要靶特异性的gRNA。在本发明中,“指导RNA”或“gRNA”是指crRNA和tracrRNA融合而成的人工单链RNA。在crRNA与tracrRNA之间可以存在接头序列。Cas9蛋白可以在gRNA的存在下与基因组DNA靶特异性地结合。
crRNA源自细菌的内源性RNA,承担gRNA的序列特异性。在本发明中,crRNA包含基因组DNA内的靶序列或与其互补的序列。作为靶序列,选择在基因组DNA内且紧接在其之后具有PAM序列的核苷酸序列。靶序列可以位于基因组DNA的任一链。可以利用能够用于靶序列的选择和/或gRNA的设计的多种工具以及通过生物信息学预测的关于各种种类的各种基因的靶序列的列表,例如可以举出通过引用而作为本说明书的一部分的Feng Zhang lab'sTarget Finder,Michael Boutros lab's Target Finder(E-CRISP),RGEN Tools:Cas-OFFinder,CasFinder:Flexible algorithm for identifying specific Cas9 targetsin genomes,CRISPR Optimal Target Finder等。
为了使Cas9蛋白与DNA结合,基因组DNA内的靶序列需要在紧接靶序列之后具有PAM序列。PAM序列存在于基因组DNA内的紧接靶序列之后,但不存在于gRNA内的紧接靶序列之后。Cas9蛋白也可以与紧接靶序列之后具有PAM序列的任何DNA序列结合。PAM序列根据Cas9蛋白源自的细菌种类而不同。最广泛使用的Cas9蛋白源自酿脓链球菌,对应的PAM序列是位于紧接靶序列的3’末端之后的NGG序列。已知有各种细菌的菌种和PAM序列的组合,例如可以举出:脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌:NNNNGATT;嗜热链球菌:NNAGAA;齿垢密螺旋体:NAAAAC等。在这些序列中,N表示A、T、G和C中的任一碱基。
tracrRNA与crRNA的一部分互补地结合,形成发夹结构。该结构被Cas9识别,形成crRNA、tracrRNA和Cas9的复合物。因此,tracrRNA承担gRNA的Cas9蛋白结合能力。tracrRNA源自细菌的内源性RNA,根据细菌的菌种而具有不同的序列。本发明的tracrRNA可以为上述已知具有CRISPR系统的细菌的RNA,优选用于基因组编辑的tracrRNA和Cas9蛋白源自相同细菌的菌种。例如可以使用酿脓链球菌、脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌、嗜热链球菌、齿垢密螺旋体的tracrRNA。
通过将具有期望的gRNA序列的DNA克隆到体外转录用载体并在体外转录,能够得到gRNA。适合的体外转录用载体对于本领域技术人员是公知的。另外,包含gRNA的靶序列以外的序列的体外转录用载体在该领域中是公知的。通过合成靶序列的寡核苷酸并插入到这样的载体进行体外转录,能够得到gRNA。这样的载体包含例如可以从addgene购入的pUC57-sgRNA expression vector、pCFD1-dU6:1gRNA、pCFD2-dU6:2gRNA pCFD3-dU6:3gRNA、pCFD4-U6:1_U6:3tandemgRNAs、pRB17、pMB60、DR274、SP6-sgRNA-scaffold、pT7-gRNA、DR274、pUC57-Simple-gRNA backbone以及可以从Origene公司购入的pT7-Guide-IVT。体外转录方法对于本领域技术人员是公知的。
可以使用crRNA和tracrRNA的组合代替gRNA。使用crRNA和tracrRNA的组合时,crRNA和tracrRNA分别是经分离的RNA分子,它们的重量比可以为1:10~10:1,例如1:1。
HDR(同源重组修复)
在CRISPR/Cas系统中,也可以利用HDR对靶序列的特定的核苷酸进行修饰。为了通过HDR对基因组DNA序列内的核苷酸进行修饰,在进行HDR时,必须存在包含期望的序列的DNA修复模板。在本发明的某实施方案中,可以使用ssODN(单链寡脱氧核苷酸)作为DNA修复模板。ssODN与DSB的上游和下游的序列具有高同源性。各同源性区域的长度和位置依赖于要导入的修饰尺寸。在适合的模板的存在下,HDR能够在基于Cas9蛋白的DSB的位点对特定的核苷酸进行修饰。在设计ssODN时,以被修复的基因不会被Cas9蛋白切断的方式并且以不包括紧接其后具有PAM序列的靶序列的方式设计ssODN。例如,通过使与PAM序列对应的序列在ssODN中为其它序列,能够使ssODN不被Cas9蛋白切断。ssODN的设计方法的详细情况记载于例如通过引用而作为本说明书的一部分的Yang,H.et al.,Cell,154(6),1370-9(2013)中。ssODN通常与gRNA和Cas9 mRNA一起被导入细胞中。
在本发明中,“向受精卵导入编码Cas9蛋白的mRNA”或“向受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA”是指以在经电穿孔的受精卵或源自该受精卵的细胞的至少1个中能够表达Cas9蛋白的量向受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA。优选以在经电穿孔后的受精卵或源自该受精卵的至少1个细胞中能够在gRNA的存在下引起基因组中的至少1个靶基因的基因组编辑的量向受精卵导入Cas9mRNA。
在本发明的某实施方案中,本发明的方法进一步包括确认引起基因组编辑的阶段。可以通过本领域中已知的各种方法来确认引起基因组编辑这一点。例如,已知靶基因的表型时,可以通过检测其表型的变化或者在受精卵或由受精卵产生的胚胎的细胞中对包含靶序列的基因组DNA的序列进行测序来确认。在HDR的情况下,也可以通过向ssODN导入限制酶切断位点而以RFLP(限制性片段长度多态性)进行评价。这些方法在本领域中是众所周知的。
在本发明中,“哺乳动物”包含归类为哺乳纲的所有生物。哺乳动物包含例如灵长目(例如,猴子、人等)、啮齿目(例如,小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、仓鼠等)、牛、猪、羊、山羊、马、狗、猫、兔子等。在某实施方案中,哺乳动物为啮齿目。在某实施方案中,哺乳动物为小鼠。
在本发明中,“受精卵”是指受精后的卵或胚胎,包含受精卵(1细胞期)和从2细胞期到囊胚期为止的发育初期胚胎。受精卵可以为在体内或体外受精的受精卵,也可以以卵子或受精卵的形式冷冻保存。受精卵的制备、培养和保存方法在本领域中是公知的。优选在用于电穿孔之前,利用电穿孔用溶液对受精卵进行清洗,除去培养基。在本发明的某实施方案中,受精卵为1细胞期~桑椹胚期,优选为1细胞期~8细胞期,更优选为1细胞期~4细胞期,进一步优选为1细胞期~2细胞期,例如1细胞期的受精卵。在本发明的某实施方案中,在受精约6小时以后,优选约9小时以后,更优选约12小时以后实施电穿孔。在本发明的某实施方案中,在受精约6小时~约18小时后,优选约9小时~约15小时后,更优选约11小时~13小时后,例如约12小时后实施电穿孔。受精卵通常具有被称为透明带的保护膜。透明带可以通过酸性台氏液处理等来除去或薄化,但在本发明的方法中,透明带可以除去或薄化,也可以不除去或薄化。优选使用未将透明带除去或薄化的受精卵。
本发明的某实施方案包括培养经电穿孔的受精卵来确认受精卵的存活的阶段。受精卵的培养方法对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的。可以通过在电穿孔后观察引起受精卵的至少一次细胞分裂的这一点来确认受精卵的存活。
在本发明的某实施方案中,能够得到经基因组编辑的哺乳动物的受精卵。另外,本发明的某实施方案提供基因修饰动物的制作方法,包括向受体动物移植通过本发明的方法而得到的受精卵。受体动物通常为与受精卵相同的动物物种的假孕状态的雌性,将受精卵移植到其输卵管中。根据受精卵(胚胎)的发育阶段,有时也可以移植到子宫。移植了受精卵的受体动物可以生产基因修饰动物。基因修饰动物的制作方法对于本领域技术人员是公知的,例如使用通过引用而作为本说明书的一部分的Manipulating the Mouse Embryo:ALaboratory Manual,Fourth Edition(Cold Spring Harbor Press)中记载的方法。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约990Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约990Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约990Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离施加约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物,
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA和tracrRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、gRNA和ssODN的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNA和ssODN的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA和tracrRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、gRNA和ssODN的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNA和ssODN的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA和tracrRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、gRNA和ssODN的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNA和ssODN的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA和tracrRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、gRNA和ssODN的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNA和ssODN的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约20V以上的电压约15msec以上或每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约9msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA和tracrRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、gRNA和ssODN的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNA和ssODN的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA和tracrRNA的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、gRNA和ssODN的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
在某实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含约50ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNA和ssODN的溶液与1细胞期的受精卵的混合物;
(b)对电极间施加每1mm电极间距离约30V以上的电压约21msec以上,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
下面将示例本发明的实施方式。
[1]一种向哺乳动物的受精卵导入编码Cas9蛋白的mRNA(Cas9 mRNA)的方法,包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物,
(b)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过下式(A)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出,
式(A) Rmin=882/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约990Vmsec以下。
[2]根据项目[1]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约40V。
[3]根据项目[1]或项目[2]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约25V~约35V。
[4]根据项目[1]~项目[3]中任一项所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V。
[5]根据项目[1]~项目[4]中任一项所述的方法,其中,mRNA浓度为约50ng/μl~约1000ng/μl。
[6]根据项目[1]~项目[5]中任一项所述的方法,其中,mRNA浓度为约50ng/μl-约200ng/μl。
[7]根据项目[1]~项目[6]中任一项所述的方法,其中,mRNA浓度为约50ng/μl以上,mRNA导入效率为约25以上。
[8]根据项目[7]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V以上,通电时间为约36msec以上。
[9]根据项目[7]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V以上,通电时间为约21msec以上。
[10]根据项目[7]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V以上,通电时间为约14msec以上。
[11]根据项目[7]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上,通电时间为约11msec以上。
[12]根据项目[1]~项目[6]中任一项所述的方法,其中,mRNA浓度为约200ng/μl以上,mRNA导入效率为约4.41以上。
[13]根据项目[12]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V以上,通电时间为约15msec以上。
[14]根据项目[12]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V以上,通电时间为约5msec以上。
[15]根据项目[12]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V以上,通电时间为约9msec以上。
[16]根据项目[12]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V以上,通电时间为约3.8msec以上。
[17]根据项目[12]所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上,通电时间为约1.6msec以上,。
[18]根据项目[1]~项目[17]中任一项所述的方法,其中,电压是恒定的。
[19]根据项目[1]~项目[18]中任一项所述的方法,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压与总通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下。
[20]根据项目[1]~项目[19]中任一项所述的方法,其中,将电压分成2次~15次的脉冲来施加。
[21]根据项目[1]~项目[20]中任一项所述的方法,将电压分成5次~11次的脉冲来施加。
[22]根据项目[20]或项目[21]所述的方法,其中,在脉冲间空出约10~约150msec的间隔。
[23]根据项目[20]~项目[22]中任一项所述的方法,其中,各脉冲的方向相同。
[24]根据项目[20]~项目[22]中任一项所述的方法,其中,至少1个脉冲的方向与其它脉冲相反。
[25]一种向哺乳动物的受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA的方法,包括如下的各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(c)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)通过下式(B)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c(ng/μl)算出,
式(B) Rmin=441/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率(R)是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t(msec)算出的值,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下,电压可以分成2次以上的脉冲来施加;
(d)以实现最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)以上的mRNA导入效率(R)的电压和通电时间对电极间施加与阶段(c)方向相反的电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率(Rmin)由式(B)算出,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,每1mm电极间距离的电压与通电时间的积为约630Vmsec以下,电压可以分成2次以上的脉冲来施加,
在阶段(c)和(d)中将电压分成2次以上的脉冲来施加时,可以在连续地施加一个方向的脉冲后施加相反方向的脉冲,也可以交替施加各方向的脉冲,还可以随机施加各方向的脉冲。
[26]根据项目[1]~项目[25]中任一项所述的方法,其中,受精卵为1细胞期或2细胞期的受精卵。
[27]根据项目[1]~项目[26]中任一项所述的方法,其中,受精卵为1细胞期的受精卵。
[28]根据项目[1]~项目[27]中任一项所述的方法,其中,在受精约12小时后实施电穿孔。
[29]根据项目[1]~项目[28]中任一项所述的方法,其中,使用啮齿目的受精卵。
[30]根据项目[1]~项目[29]中任一项所述的方法,其中,使用小鼠的受精卵。
[31]根据项目[1]~项目[30]中任一项所述的方法,其中,Cas9蛋白为如下的蛋白质:包含与序列号1~序列号4中的任一氨基酸序列具有约90%以上的序列同源性的氨基酸序列且gRNA依赖性地与DNA结合。
[32]根据项目[1]~项目[31]中任一项所述的方法,其中,Cas9蛋白具有RuvC核酸酶活性和HNH核酸酶活性中的任一者或两者。
[33]根据项目[1]~项目[32]中任一项所述的方法,其中,Cas9蛋白包含序列号1~序列号4中的任一氨基酸序列。
[34]根据项目[1]~项目[33]中任一项所述的方法,其中,Cas9蛋白包含序列号1的氨基酸序列。
[35]根据项目[1]~项目[34]中任一项所述的方法,其中,溶液包含1种或1种以上的进一步的核酸分子,该核酸分子与Cas9 mRNA一起被导入受精卵。
[36]根据项目[35]所述的方法,其中,进一步的核酸分子为gRNA、或crRNA与tracrRNA的组合。
[37]根据项目[35]或项目[36]所述的方法,其中,进一步的核酸分子为gRNA。
[38]根据项目[36]或项目[37]所述的方法,其中,溶液进一步包含ssODN。
[39]根据项目[1]~项目[38]中任一项所述的方法,其中,进一步包括培养经电穿孔的受精卵来确认受精卵的存活的阶段。
[40]一种表达Cas9的哺乳动物的受精卵的制造方法,包括通过项目[1]~项目[39]中任一项所述的方法向哺乳动物的受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA。
[41]一种以哺乳动物的受精卵进行基因组编辑的方法,包括通过项目[35]~项目[38]中任一项所述的方法向哺乳动物的受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA和进一步的核酸分子。
[42]根据项目[41]所述的方法,其中,进一步包括确认引起基因组编辑的阶段。
[43]一种经基因组编辑的哺乳动物的受精卵的制作方法,包括通过项目[35]~项目[38]中任一项所述的方法向哺乳动物的受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA和进一步的核酸分子。
[44]一种基因修饰动物的制备方法,包含向受体动物移植通过项目[43]所述的方法而得到的受精卵。
根据本发明,能够通过电穿孔将Cas9 mRNA有效且迅速地导入到哺乳动物的受精卵。电穿孔是优点为胚胎的成活率高以及不需要特别的手技且不耗费时间的技术。向100个受精卵的细胞质或原核显微注射mRNA时,即使是熟练者也需要1小时以上,但电穿孔能够通过简单的操作以几分钟实现该导入。此外,市售的电穿孔系统的价格一般比显微注射系统便宜。因此,本发明有助于提高基于CRISPR/Cas系统的基因组编辑和利用该基因组编辑的基因修饰动物的制作效率、迅速化、降低成本。
实施例
材料和方法
mRNA和gRNA的制备
pCS2-mCherry由木下典行博士(基础生物学研究所,日本)提供。hCas9质粒(pX330)从Addgene(马萨诸塞州剑桥市,美国)购入。将从pX330切下的hCas9连接在pSP64载体(Promega)的SP6启动子的下游(pSP64-hCas9),用于mRNA合成。各自使用NotI和SalI将pCS2-mCherry和pSP64-hCas9制成直链状。以直链状质粒为模板,使用体外RNA转录试剂盒(mMESSAGEmMACHINE SP6Transcription Kit,Ambion,德克萨斯州奥斯汀市,美国)合成mCherry和hCas9的mRNA。
对以Fgf10或mCherry为靶的寡核苷酸对进行退火,插入到pDR274载体(addgene)的BsaI限制酶位点。寡核苷酸的序列如下所述。Fgf10(5’-GGAGAGGACAAAAAACAAGA-3’(序列号5)和其互补序列)和mCherry(5’-GGCCACGAGTTCGAGATCGAGGG-3’(序列号6)和其互补序列)。利用DraI切断后,使用MEGAshortscript T7 Transcription Kit(Ambion,德克萨斯州奥斯汀市,美国)合成gRNA。
合成的RNA(mRNA和gRNA)通过苯酚-氯仿-异戊醇萃取和异丙醇沉淀来纯化。以2~4μg/μl的浓度将沉淀的RNA溶解于Opti-MEM I,在-20℃下保存直到使用为止。通过吸光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳对RNA进行定量。从Sigma以干燥状态购入ssODN,以1μg/μl的浓度溶解于Opti-MEM I,在-20℃下保存直到使用为止。
小鼠品系
使用ICR(日本CLEA)或B6D2F1(C57BL/6xDBA2F1)(日本SLC)的雌性小鼠。ICR系统主要用于决定电穿孔条件,B6D2F1系统用于基因组编辑。
受精卵的回收
在E0.5(E后的数字表示受精后的天数。E0.5是指从确认到阴道栓的日期的暗期的中间点起12小时后)从与相同系统的雄性自然交配的ICR或B6D2F1雌性的输卵管回收受精卵。利用1%透明质酸酶/M2培养基(Sigma)进行培养,由此除去覆盖受精卵的卵丘细胞。在以H2b-mCherry为靶的基因组编辑实验中,使用源自与R26-H2b-mCherry的雄性(RIKENCDB,日本)交配的B6D2F1雌性的受精卵。回收的受精卵在mWM培养基(ARK RESOURCES公司,日本)或KSOM培养基(95mM NaCl、2.5mM KCl、0.35mM KH2PO4·7H2O、0.2mMMgSO4·7H2O、0.2mM葡萄糖、10mM乳酸钠、25mM NaHCO3、0.2mM丙酮酸钠、1.71mM CaCl2·2H2O、0.01mMNa2-EDTA·2H2O、1mM L-谷氨酰胺、1mg/mlBSA)中培养直到用于电穿孔为止。
电穿孔
订购铂块电极(长:10mm,宽:3mm,高:0.5mm,间隔:1mm)(株式会社BEX(下面称为BEX)、日本东京)而使用(图2a)。将与CUY21EDIT II(BEX)或CUY21Vivo-SQ(BEX)连接的电极设置于实体显微镜。用Opti-MEM I(Lifetechnologies)对mWM培养基中培养的受精卵清洗3次,除去含有血清的培养基。接着,在用含有RNA的Opti-MEM I溶液(5μl)充满的电极的间隙排列受精卵,进行电穿孔。作为电气条件,只要没有特别说明,则是30V(3msec的脉冲+97msec的间隔)×7次。电穿孔后,立刻从电极回收受精卵,用M2培养基清洗4次,用mWM培养基清洗2次。接着,在mWM培养基中,在37℃下,在5%CO2培养箱内将受精卵培养至2细胞期。
荧光信号的检测和分析
在电穿孔15小时后测定mCherry荧光的信号强度。使用具备尼普科夫圆盘共聚焦单元CSU-W1(横河电机,日本)的Axio Observer.Z1倒置显微镜(Zeiss,德国)。荧光信号通过EM-CCD相机ImageM(滨松Photonics,日本)进行检测,数据通过HC图像软件和NIH ImageJ(http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/)进行分析。测定的荧光强度是依赖于荧光信号的获得和解析的条件的相对值,仅在条件完全一致时能够比较。
Fgf10和H2b-mCherry的基因组编辑
如上所述,在E0.5通过电穿孔将Cas9 mRNA和以Fgf10或H2b-mCherry为靶的gRNA导入到从B6D2F1雌性回收的受精卵。对于基于HDR的敲入的研究,与Cas9 mRNA和gRNA一起导入ssODN。H2b-mCherry用的ssODN序列如下所述:5’-AGTTCATGCGCTTCAAGGTGCACATGGAGGGCTCCGTGAATTCATAACTTCGTATAGCATACATTATACGAAGTTATCGAGGGCGAGGGCCGCCCCTACGAGGGCACCCAGACCGCC-3’(序列号7)和5’-CGTGAACGGCCACGAGTTCGAGATATCGAGGGCGAGGGCGAGGGCCGCCC-3’(序列号8)。将存活的2细胞期胚胎在产生阴道栓的日期移植到假孕小鼠的输卵管。或者将胚胎在体外培养至囊胚期(E4.5)。
为了调查基于CRISPR/Cas9的Fgf10或H2b-mCherry基因的突变,由胚胎的卵黄囊制备基因组。通过使用特异性引物的PCR来扩增与gRNA靶邻接的基因组区域:Fgf10Fwd(5’-CAGCAGGTCTTACCCTTCCA-3’(序列号9))及Fgf10Rev(5’-TACAGGGGTTGGGGACATAA-3’(序列号10))、H2b-mCherryFwd(GAGGGCACTAAGGCAGTCAC(序列号11))及H2b-mCherryRev(CCCATGGTCTTCTTCTGCAT(序列号12))。将Fgf10或H2b-mCherry的PCR扩增产物克隆到pMD20(TAKARA BIO株式会社,日本滋贺县)载体。从各胚胎分离出10种质粒,对基因组区域进行测序。测序使用BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit ver.3.1及ABI 3500GeneticAnalyser(Applied Biosystems,美国加利福尼亚州福斯特城)进行。
实施例1
用于将mRNA导入到小鼠受精卵的电穿孔条件
对在不用酸对透明带进行处理的情况下用于将mRNA导入到小鼠受精卵的电穿孔的条件进行了调查。准备图2a所示的电穿孔系统。将铂块电极(图2c)设置于实体显微镜(图2a左)并与电穿孔仪(CUY21EDIT II)(图2a右)连接,所述铂块电极的间隙距离为1mm,长度为10mm,宽度为3mm,高度为0.5mm,能够在电极间保持5μl溶液。使用该系统,能够同时处理约40个~50个受精卵。在电穿孔之前,通过手技将小鼠的受精卵排成一列。通过电穿孔将在体外转录的400ng/μl的mCherry mRNA导入到受精卵,监测mCherry的荧光强度和到囊胚期为止的胚胎的存活率,由此评价mRNA导入效率。图2a为该实验中使用的电穿孔装置的照片。图2b为图2a的被四方形包围的部分的放大图。图2c为铂块电极的示意图。受精卵放置在电极间的间隙中的mRNA溶液中。图2d为放置在电极间的间隙内的受精卵的显微镜图像。图2e为用于向小鼠受精卵导入mRNA的电穿孔条件的示意图,表示以97msec的间隔重复进行3次~11次的10V-50V、3msec的矩形脉冲。
使用E0.5的受精卵,将脉冲时间固定为3msec,脉冲次数固定为5次,在各种电压(10V~50V)下进行电穿孔。图3a为将在各种电压下进行了电穿孔的胚胎的mCherry荧光强度(●)和到囊胚期为止的存活率(■)绘制而得到的图。在20V以上的电压下观察荧光,荧光强度在20V为4.41,在30V为14.7,在40V为26.46,在50V为39.69,随着电压而上升。荧光强度的相对比率为20V:30V:40V:50V=0.3:1.0:1.8:2.7。存活率到30V为止为100%,40V以上时随着电压而降低,50V时达到约50%。
将电压和脉冲时间固定为30V和3msec,改变脉冲的重复次数(3次、5次、7次、9次和11次)。图3b为将以各种脉冲的重复次数进行了电穿孔的胚胎的mCherry荧光强度(●)和到囊胚期为止的存活率(■)绘制而得到的图。mCherry荧光强度在3次时为7.9,在5次时为14.7,在7次时为27.1,在9次时为40.6,在11次时为65.9,随着脉冲的次数而增大。到囊胚期为止的存活率在重复7次时开始降低,在重复11次时达到约50%。
mCherry荧光强度与mCherry mRNA的导入量成正比,因此,可以将上述实验中测定的荧光强度看作mRNA导入效率的相对值。图4为基于图3b所示的在电压30V的各通电时间的荧光强度和由图3a导出的各电压的荧光强度的相对比率(20V:30V:40V:50V=0.3:1.0:1.8:2.7)在各电压预测各通电时间下的mRNA导入效率R的图表。
使用Excel软件制作图4所示的图表的近似式。各电压下的mRNA导入效率R使用通电时间t(msec)由以下的近似式表示。
20V R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t
30V R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t
40V R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t
50V R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t
实施例2
使用两个方向脉冲的电穿孔
与实施例1同样地通过电穿孔向E0.5的受精卵导入mCherry mRNA。将电压和脉冲时间固定为30V和3msec,如图5c所示那样改变脉冲的重复次数和电压方向。在图5中,×6表示从一个方向赋予6次脉冲。×+3-3表示从一个方向赋予3次脉冲后,接着从相反方向赋予3次脉冲。×alt±3表示交替赋予来自两个方向的脉冲各3次。×+6-6和×alt±6也同样。不论电压的方向,mCherry的荧光强度均随着脉冲的次数而增加(图5a)。到囊胚期为止的存活率均高(图5b),特别是与从一个方向赋予12次脉冲时相比,×+6-6和×alt±6时存活率高。
实施例3
基于Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的电穿孔的Fgf10基因的基因组编辑
对上述的电穿孔条件是否能够用于利用CRISPR/Cas9的基因组编辑进行调查。
将四肢发育所必须的Fgf10基因作为靶。已明确例如Fgf10的纯合性突变胚胎在没有四肢的状态下发育(通过引用而作为本说明书的一部分的Sekine,K.et al.,NatureGenetics 21,138-141(1999)),可以通过表型来容易地确认基因的破坏。进而,基于CRISPR/Cas系统的该基因的破坏通过显微注射Cas9mRNA和gRNA来实施(通过引用而作为本说明书的一部分的Yasue,A.et al.,Scientific Reports 4,5705(2014))。
将与Yasue,A.et al.中使用的物质相同且被称为#563的具有Fgf10的靶序列的gRNA(包含序列号5的核苷酸序列)和Cas9 mRNA以各种浓度通过重复7次30V、3msec的电脉冲的电穿孔导入到E0.5的受精卵。图6a表示包含本实验中使用的靶序列(下划线)和PAM序列(AGG,大写字母)的Fgf10基因座的基因组结构。使胚胎发育至2细胞期,移植到假孕的雌性。在E15或E16时将小鼠解剖,观察胚胎的形态。根据四肢的异常,将胚胎分成3个表型的类别:类型I的胚胎没有四肢,类型II的胚胎形态具有各种异常(例如,后肢缺失、前肢和后肢缩短等),类型III的胚胎看起来正常。图6b是表示不同的四肢的表型的3个类别的胚胎的代表例,即,表示没有四肢、四肢异常(左:后肢缺失;右:前肢和后肢缩短)或正常。图6c是将Cas9和gRNA的电穿孔对四肢发育的影响汇总而得到的图表。各实验中使用的RNA的浓度示于图表的左侧。各列的数字表示示出各类别的表型的胚胎的数量。
表1示出所使用的Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的浓度、2细胞期的存活率,在E15或E16时的胚胎的存活率。表2示出基于Cas9RNA和gRNA的电穿孔的Fgf10的突变胚胎的产生。
表1:经电穿孔的胚胎的存活率
[表1]
表2:经电穿孔的胚胎的形态异常
[表2]
与显微注射的情况相比(在Yasue,A.et al.中为34~35%),经电穿孔的受精卵的2细胞期存活率(在表1中为94~95%)显著提高。
若将400ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和200ng/μl的gRNA用于电穿孔,则97%(38/39)的胚胎显示特异性的四肢异常。这些胚胎中,34个胚胎完全失去前肢和后肢,与以往的通过靶基因重组而得到的Fgf10的纯合性突变体的表型同样。剩余4个胚胎具有各种四肢异常。若将200ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和100ng/μl的gRNA用于电穿孔,则82%(31/38)的胚胎显示四肢异常。在100ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和50ng/μl的gRNA时,46%(19/41)的胚胎显示全部或一部分的四肢异常。在50ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和25ng/μl的gRNA时,在形态观察时大部分胚胎看起来正常。
为了对这些胚胎中Fgf10基因是否被破坏进行调查,对胚胎的基因组序列进行分析。在源自4个随机选择的胚胎的各10个克隆中,扩增靶序列周边的基因组区域并对序列进行测序。靶序列周边的基因组区域的野生型序列为tgaatggaaaaggagctcccaggagaggacaaaa aacaagaAGGaaaaacacctctgctca(下划线表示作为靶使用的序列。大写字母表示PAM序列(AGG))(序列号13)。将结果示于表3。
表3:Fgf10突变体的序列分析
[表3-1]
[表3-2]
表中,关于同一受精卵记载有2次以上相同的突变类型时,各克隆的序列不同。
若使用400ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和200ng/μl的gRNA,则测序的全部克隆具有碱基的插入或缺失(插入缺失)或突变,未检测出野生型序列。这些结果表示Fgf10基因的两个等位基因被使用400ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和200ng/μlg的gRNA的电穿孔破坏。进而,各胚胎具有4种以下的插入缺失。因此,可以推测在电穿孔后在1细胞期或2细胞期非常迅速地引起基因组编辑。若使用50ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和25ng/μl的gRNA,则大部分胚胎看起来正常,但通过序列分析,源自这些胚胎的几个克隆中检测出插入缺失或突变。
这些结果表示基于CRISPR/Cas系统的基因组编辑能够利用电穿孔、以及基因组编辑的效率依赖于RNA浓度,表明在高浓度的Cas9 mRNA和gRNA时,两个等位基因在大致全部的细胞中被破坏,但在低浓度时,可以得到突变细胞(在任一个或两个等位基因具有突变的细胞)与野生型细胞的嵌合胚胎。
实施例4
基于Cas9 mRNA和gRNA的电穿孔的mCherry基因的基因组编辑
将在Rosa26基因座具有Histon2b(H2b)-mCherry基因的受精卵(通过引用而作为本说明书的一部分的Abe et al.,Genesis 49,579-590(2011))用于电穿孔。在由该受精卵发育而成的胚胎中,在Rosa26启动子的控制下,H2b-mCherry普遍性地表达,在4~8细胞期的全部核中观察到mCherry荧光。若引起以H2b-mCherry为靶的基因组编辑、基因被破坏,则mCherry荧光消失。
在该实验中,对能够通过重复7次30V、3msec的电脉冲的电穿孔进行基因组编辑的RNA浓度的下限进行调查。将Cas9 mRNA和以H2b-mCherry为靶的gRNA导入到受精卵(E0.5),在KSOM培养基中,在体外培养至囊胚期(E4.5),对核的mCherry荧光进行调查。若以200ng/μl以上的Cas9 mRNA浓度和100ng/μl以上的mCherry gRNA的浓度对受精卵进行电穿孔,则mCherry荧光完全消失。在50~100ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA浓度和25~50ng/μl的gRNA浓度时,几个卵裂球为mCherry荧光阴性,几个为阳性。以25ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和12.5ng/μl的gRNA的电穿孔不会对H2b-mCherry的表达造成影响,因此表示,对通过重复7次30V、3msec的电脉冲的电穿孔实现基因组编辑而言,该浓度过低。
接着,对Cas9 mRNA和gRNA中的哪个浓度决定基因组编辑的成功和失败进行调查。将Cas9 mRNA浓度固定为25ng/μl、使gRNA变动,结果即使使用200ng/μl的gRNA也不会引起基因组编辑。另一方面,若使用200ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA时,即使将gRNA减少至10ng/μl也会引起基因组编辑。即使使用以Fgf10为靶的gRNA,也得到相同的结果。这些结果表示基于电穿孔的基因组编辑的成功和失败依赖于Cas9 mRNA的浓度,而不依赖于gRNA的浓度。
实施例5
基于使用高浓度的Cas9
mRNA的电穿孔的基因组编辑
通过与实施例4同样的实验对使用2000ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和1000ng/μl gRNA实现基因组编辑的电气条件进行调查。将Cas9 mRNA和gRNA导入到E0.5的小鼠受精卵,在体外培养至囊胚期(E4.5),对核的mCherry荧光进行调查。将结果示于图7。在未进行电穿孔的胚胎中,在全部卵裂球中看到mCherry的荧光(图7a)。在30V、0.05msec×2次时,在一部分卵裂球中mCherry的荧光消失,在30V、0.10msec×2次时,在全部卵裂球中mCherry的荧光消失(图7b)。在20V、0.05msec×2次时,在全部卵裂球中残留mCherry的荧光,在20V、0.20msec×2次时,在一部分卵裂球中mCherry的荧光消失(箭头),在20V、1.00msec×2次时,在全部卵裂球中mCherry的荧光消失(图7c)。
实施例6
用于基因组编辑的电穿孔条件的研究
通过与实施例4同样的实验对使用200ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA和100ng/μl的gRNA实现基因组编辑的电穿孔的条件进行研究。通过各种电压(20~50V)和脉冲时间(6~33msec)的电穿孔向5~12个E0.5的受精卵同时导入Cas9mRNA和gRNA。根据表3所示的电穿孔条件,在E4.5的时刻观察到mCherry的荧光消失的卵裂球,表示引起基因组编辑。
表4:实现基因组编辑的电穿孔条件
[表4]
电压(V) | 通电时间(msec) |
20 | 15 |
20 | 18 |
20 | 30 |
20 | 33 |
30 | 9 |
30 | 12 |
30 | 15 |
30 | 21 |
30 | 24 |
50 | 6 |
50 | 9 |
若使用200ng/μl的Cas9 mRNA,则在电压20V、通电时间15msec时引起基因组编辑。如实施例1中测定那样,该电气条件下的mRNA导入效率为4.41。
实施例7
基于电穿孔的ssODN的导入和HDR
对是否能够通过电穿孔将ssODN导入到小鼠的受精卵,并且是否能够生成基于HDR的敲入等位基因进行调查。使用117碱基的ssODN(序列号7),该117碱基的ssODN(序列号7)具有与loxP和EcoRI识别序列(37碱基)的两侧邻接的40碱基长的同源区域。将Cas9 mRNA、以mCherry基因为靶的gRNA和ssODN电穿孔到与实施例4中使用的受精卵同样的具有H2b-mCherry基因的受精卵。使胚胎发育至2细胞期,移植到假孕的雌性。图8a是靶序列、以及用于插入37碱基的loxP序列和EcoRI识别位点的ssODN的示意图。经置换的等位基因由于loxP序列中的终止密码子而丧失功能,核的mCherry荧光消失。通过EcoRI切断和RFLP(限制性片段长度多态性)对基于ssODN的置换进行筛选。
在经电穿孔的全部11个胚胎中,mCherry荧光消失。图8b是经电穿孔的代表性的胚胎的照片。在经电穿孔的胚胎中,mCherry荧光完全消失,另一方面,未进行电穿孔的对照的胚胎显示荧光信号。图8c示出回收的胚胎的RFLP分析的结果。插入有EcoRI识别位点的等位基因被EcoRI切断成2条带(138bps和374bps)。未被切断的等位基因为497bps。在#3、6、8和9的胚胎中观察到被切断的带。即,mCherry荧光消失的胚胎中,4个为EcoRI切断阳性。#1和7的意料之外的带表示靶基因的长缺失。
将EcoRI切断阳性的胚胎的序列分析的结果示于表5。靶序列周边的基因组区域的野生型序列为gtgaacggccacgagttcgagatcgaGGGcga(下划线表示用作靶的序列。大写字母表示PAM序列(GGG))(序列号14)。
表5:基于HDR的敲入loxP和EcoRI位点的胚胎的序列分析
[表5]
通过序列分析明确这些胚胎全部具有经HDR置换的等位基因。其中,3个胚胎(#6、8、9)除经HDR置换的等位基因以外还包含1种~3种具有插入缺失的等位基因。剩余1个胚胎(#3)仅具有经HDR置换的等位基因。这表示全部细胞的两个等位基因具有经HDR置换的序列。
另外,也成功地通过HDR向H2b-mCherry基因敲入EcoRV位点(表6和图9)。图9a是靶序列和用于插入EcoRV识别位点的ssODN(序列号8)的示意图。图9b表示回收的胚胎的RFLP分析的结果。插入有EcoRV的等位基因被切断成2条带(341bps和92bps)。未被切断的等位基因为431bps。在#2、3、5和6的胚胎中观察到被切断的带。
将这些胚胎的序列分析的结果示于表6。靶序列周边的基因组区域的野生型序列为gtgaacggccacgagttcgagatcgaGGGcga(下划线表示用作靶的序列。大写字母表示PAM序列(GGG))(序列号14)。
表6:基于HDR的敲入EcoRV位点的胚胎的序列分析
[表6]
表中,关于同一受精卵记载有2次以上的相同的突变类型时,各克隆的序列不同。
另外,也成功地向Fgf10基因敲入XbaI位点(未公开数据)。这些结果表示通过电穿孔不仅能够将Cas9 mRNA和gRNA导入到受精卵,还可以将ssODN导入到受精卵,能够得到基于HDR的敲入等位基因。
序列表
<110> 国立大学法人德岛大学(Tokushima University)
株式会社贝库斯(BEX CO.,LTD.)
桥本昌和
<120> 通过电穿孔将Cas9 mRNA导入到哺乳动物的受精卵的方法
<130> 672694
<150> JP 2015-31006
<151> 2015-02-19
<160> 17
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 1368
<212> PRT
<213> 酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)
<400> 1
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Lys Lys Ala Ile Val Asp Leu Leu Phe Lys Thr Asn Arg Lys Val Thr
545 550 555 560
Val Lys Gln Leu Lys Glu Asp Tyr Phe Lys Lys Ile Glu Cys Phe Asp
565 570 575
Ser Val Glu Ile Ser Gly Val Glu Asp Arg Phe Asn Ala Ser Leu Gly
580 585 590
Thr Tyr His Asp Leu Leu Lys Ile Ile Lys Asp Lys Asp Phe Leu Asp
595 600 605
Asn Glu Glu Asn Glu Asp Ile Leu Glu Asp Ile Val Leu Thr Leu Thr
610 615 620
Leu Phe Glu Asp Arg Glu Met Ile Glu Glu Arg Leu Lys Thr Tyr Ala
625 630 635 640
His Leu Phe Asp Asp Lys Val Met Lys Gln Leu Lys Arg Arg Arg Tyr
645 650 655
Thr Gly Trp Gly Arg Leu Ser Arg Lys Leu Ile Asn Gly Ile Arg Asp
660 665 670
Lys Gln Ser Gly Lys Thr Ile Leu Asp Phe Leu Lys Ser Asp Gly Phe
675 680 685
Ala Asn Arg Asn Phe Met Gln Leu Ile His Asp Asp Ser Leu Thr Phe
690 695 700
Lys Glu Asp Ile Gln Lys Ala Gln Val Ser Gly Gln Gly Asp Ser Leu
705 710 715 720
His Glu His Ile Ala Asn Leu Ala Gly Ser Pro Ala Ile Lys Lys Gly
725 730 735
Ile Leu Gln Thr Val Lys Val Val Asp Glu Leu Val Lys Val Met Gly
740 745 750
Arg His Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Val Ile Glu Met Ala Arg Glu Asn Gln
755 760 765
Thr Thr Gln Lys Gly Gln Lys Asn Ser Arg Glu Arg Met Lys Arg Ile
770 775 780
Glu Glu Gly Ile Lys Glu Leu Gly Ser Gln Ile Leu Lys Glu His Pro
785 790 795 800
Val Glu Asn Thr Gln Leu Gln Asn Glu Lys Leu Tyr Leu Tyr Tyr Leu
805 810 815
Gln Asn Gly Arg Asp Met Tyr Val Asp Gln Glu Leu Asp Ile Asn Arg
820 825 830
Leu Ser Asp Tyr Asp Val Asp His Ile Val Pro Gln Ser Phe Leu Lys
835 840 845
Asp Asp Ser Ile Asp Asn Lys Val Leu Thr Arg Ser Asp Lys Asn Arg
850 855 860
Gly Lys Ser Asp Asn Val Pro Ser Glu Glu Val Val Lys Lys Met Lys
865 870 875 880
Asn Tyr Trp Arg Gln Leu Leu Asn Ala Lys Leu Ile Thr Gln Arg Lys
885 890 895
Phe Asp Asn Leu Thr Lys Ala Glu Arg Gly Gly Leu Ser Glu Leu Asp
900 905 910
Lys Ala Gly Phe Ile Lys Arg Gln Leu Val Glu Thr Arg Gln Ile Thr
915 920 925
Lys His Val Ala Gln Ile Leu Asp Ser Arg Met Asn Thr Lys Tyr Asp
930 935 940
Glu Asn Asp Lys Leu Ile Arg Glu Val Lys Val Ile Thr Leu Lys Ser
945 950 955 960
Lys Leu Val Ser Asp Phe Arg Lys Asp Phe Gln Phe Tyr Lys Val Arg
965 970 975
Glu Ile Asn Asn Tyr His His Ala His Asp Ala Tyr Leu Asn Ala Val
980 985 990
Val Gly Thr Ala Leu Ile Lys Lys Tyr Pro Lys Leu Glu Ser Glu Phe
995 1000 1005
Val Tyr Gly Asp Tyr Lys Val Tyr Asp Val Arg Lys Met Ile Ala
1010 1015 1020
Lys Ser Glu Gln Glu Ile Gly Lys Ala Thr Ala Lys Tyr Phe Phe
1025 1030 1035
Tyr Ser Asn Ile Met Asn Phe Phe Lys Thr Glu Ile Thr Leu Ala
1040 1045 1050
Asn Gly Glu Ile Arg Lys Arg Pro Leu Ile Glu Thr Asn Gly Glu
1055 1060 1065
Thr Gly Glu Ile Val Trp Asp Lys Gly Arg Asp Phe Ala Thr Val
1070 1075 1080
Arg Lys Val Leu Ser Met Pro Gln Val Asn Ile Val Lys Lys Thr
1085 1090 1095
Glu Val Gln Thr Gly Gly Phe Ser Lys Glu Ser Ile Leu Pro Lys
1100 1105 1110
Arg Asn Ser Asp Lys Leu Ile Ala Arg Lys Lys Asp Trp Asp Pro
1115 1120 1125
Lys Lys Tyr Gly Gly Phe Asp Ser Pro Thr Val Ala Tyr Ser Val
1130 1135 1140
Leu Val Val Ala Lys Val Glu Lys Gly Lys Ser Lys Lys Leu Lys
1145 1150 1155
Ser Val Lys Glu Leu Leu Gly Ile Thr Ile Met Glu Arg Ser Ser
1160 1165 1170
Phe Glu Lys Asn Pro Ile Asp Phe Leu Glu Ala Lys Gly Tyr Lys
1175 1180 1185
Glu Val Lys Lys Asp Leu Ile Ile Lys Leu Pro Lys Tyr Ser Leu
1190 1195 1200
Phe Glu Leu Glu Asn Gly Arg Lys Arg Met Leu Ala Ser Ala Gly
1205 1210 1215
Glu Leu Gln Lys Gly Asn Glu Leu Ala Leu Pro Ser Lys Tyr Val
1220 1225 1230
Asn Phe Leu Tyr Leu Ala Ser His Tyr Glu Lys Leu Lys Gly Ser
1235 1240 1245
Pro Glu Asp Asn Glu Gln Lys Gln Leu Phe Val Glu Gln His Lys
1250 1255 1260
His Tyr Leu Asp Glu Ile Ile Glu Gln Ile Ser Glu Phe Ser Lys
1265 1270 1275
Arg Val Ile Leu Ala Asp Ala Asn Leu Asp Lys Val Leu Ser Ala
1280 1285 1290
Tyr Asn Lys His Arg Asp Lys Pro Ile Arg Glu Gln Ala Glu Asn
1295 1300 1305
Ile Ile His Leu Phe Thr Leu Thr Asn Leu Gly Ala Pro Ala Ala
1310 1315 1320
Phe Lys Tyr Phe Asp Thr Thr Ile Asp Arg Lys Arg Tyr Thr Ser
1325 1330 1335
Thr Lys Glu Val Leu Asp Ala Thr Leu Ile His Gln Ser Ile Thr
1340 1345 1350
Gly Leu Tyr Glu Thr Arg Ile Asp Leu Ser Gln Leu Gly Gly Asp
1355 1360 1365
<210> 2
<211> 1082
<212> PRT
<213> 脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria meningitidis)
<400> 2
Met Ala Ala Phe Lys Pro Asn Ser Ile Asn Tyr Ile Leu Gly Leu Asp
1 5 10 15
Ile Gly Ile Ala Ser Val Gly Trp Ala Met Val Glu Ile Asp Glu Glu
20 25 30
Glu Asn Pro Ile Arg Leu Ile Asp Leu Gly Val Arg Val Phe Glu Arg
35 40 45
Ala Glu Val Pro Lys Thr Gly Asp Ser Leu Ala Met Ala Arg Arg Leu
50 55 60
Ala Arg Ser Val Arg Arg Leu Thr Arg Arg Arg Ala His Arg Leu Leu
65 70 75 80
Arg Thr Arg Arg Leu Leu Lys Arg Glu Gly Val Leu Gln Ala Ala Asn
85 90 95
Phe Asp Glu Asn Gly Leu Ile Lys Ser Leu Pro Asn Thr Pro Trp Gln
100 105 110
Leu Arg Ala Ala Ala Leu Asp Arg Lys Leu Thr Pro Leu Glu Trp Ser
115 120 125
Ala Val Leu Leu His Leu Ile Lys His Arg Gly Tyr Leu Ser Gln Arg
130 135 140
Lys Asn Glu Gly Glu Thr Ala Asp Lys Glu Leu Gly Ala Leu Leu Lys
145 150 155 160
Gly Val Ala Gly Asn Ala His Ala Leu Gln Thr Gly Asp Phe Arg Thr
165 170 175
Pro Ala Glu Leu Ala Leu Asn Lys Phe Glu Lys Glu Ser Gly His Ile
180 185 190
Arg Asn Gln Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ser His Thr Phe Ser Arg Lys Asp Leu
195 200 205
Gln Ala Glu Leu Ile Leu Leu Phe Glu Lys Gln Lys Glu Phe Gly Asn
210 215 220
Pro His Val Ser Gly Gly Leu Lys Glu Gly Ile Glu Thr Leu Leu Met
225 230 235 240
Thr Gln Arg Pro Ala Leu Ser Gly Asp Ala Val Gln Lys Met Leu Gly
245 250 255
His Cys Thr Phe Glu Pro Ala Glu Pro Lys Ala Ala Lys Asn Thr Tyr
260 265 270
Thr Ala Glu Arg Phe Ile Trp Leu Thr Lys Leu Asn Asn Leu Arg Ile
275 280 285
Leu Glu Gln Gly Ser Glu Arg Pro Leu Thr Asp Thr Glu Arg Ala Thr
290 295 300
Leu Met Asp Glu Pro Tyr Arg Lys Ser Lys Leu Thr Tyr Ala Gln Ala
305 310 315 320
Arg Lys Leu Leu Gly Leu Glu Asp Thr Ala Phe Phe Lys Gly Leu Arg
325 330 335
Tyr Gly Lys Asp Asn Ala Glu Ala Ser Thr Leu Met Glu Met Lys Ala
340 345 350
Tyr His Ala Ile Ser Arg Ala Leu Glu Lys Glu Gly Leu Lys Asp Lys
355 360 365
Lys Ser Pro Leu Asn Leu Ser Pro Glu Leu Gln Asp Glu Ile Gly Thr
370 375 380
Ala Phe Ser Leu Phe Lys Thr Asp Glu Asp Ile Thr Gly Arg Leu Lys
385 390 395 400
Asp Arg Ile Gln Pro Glu Ile Leu Glu Ala Leu Leu Lys His Ile Ser
405 410 415
Phe Asp Lys Phe Val Gln Ile Ser Leu Lys Ala Leu Arg Arg Ile Val
420 425 430
Pro Leu Met Glu Gln Gly Lys Arg Tyr Asp Glu Ala Cys Ala Glu Ile
435 440 445
Tyr Gly Asp His Tyr Gly Lys Lys Asn Thr Glu Glu Lys Ile Tyr Leu
450 455 460
Pro Pro Ile Pro Ala Asp Glu Ile Arg Asn Pro Val Val Leu Arg Ala
465 470 475 480
Leu Ser Gln Ala Arg Lys Val Ile Asn Gly Val Val Arg Arg Tyr Gly
485 490 495
Ser Pro Ala Arg Ile His Ile Glu Thr Ala Arg Glu Val Gly Lys Ser
500 505 510
Phe Lys Asp Arg Lys Glu Ile Glu Lys Arg Gln Glu Glu Asn Arg Lys
515 520 525
Asp Arg Glu Lys Ala Ala Ala Lys Phe Arg Glu Tyr Phe Pro Asn Phe
530 535 540
Val Gly Glu Pro Lys Ser Lys Asp Ile Leu Lys Leu Arg Leu Tyr Glu
545 550 555 560
Gln Gln His Gly Lys Cys Leu Tyr Ser Gly Lys Glu Ile Asn Leu Gly
565 570 575
Arg Leu Asn Glu Lys Gly Tyr Val Glu Ile Asp His Ala Leu Pro Phe
580 585 590
Ser Arg Thr Trp Asp Asp Ser Phe Asn Asn Lys Val Leu Val Leu Gly
595 600 605
Ser Glu Asn Gln Asn Lys Gly Asn Gln Thr Pro Tyr Glu Tyr Phe Asn
610 615 620
Gly Lys Asp Asn Ser Arg Glu Trp Gln Glu Phe Lys Ala Arg Val Glu
625 630 635 640
Thr Ser Arg Phe Pro Arg Ser Lys Lys Gln Arg Ile Leu Leu Gln Lys
645 650 655
Phe Asp Glu Asp Gly Phe Lys Glu Arg Asn Leu Asn Asp Thr Arg Tyr
660 665 670
Val Asn Arg Phe Leu Cys Gln Phe Val Ala Asp Arg Met Arg Leu Thr
675 680 685
Gly Lys Gly Lys Lys Arg Val Phe Ala Ser Asn Gly Gln Ile Thr Asn
690 695 700
Leu Leu Arg Gly Phe Trp Gly Leu Arg Lys Val Arg Ala Glu Asn Asp
705 710 715 720
Arg His His Ala Leu Asp Ala Val Val Val Ala Cys Ser Thr Val Ala
725 730 735
Met Gln Gln Lys Ile Thr Arg Phe Val Arg Tyr Lys Glu Met Asn Ala
740 745 750
Phe Asp Gly Lys Thr Ile Asp Lys Glu Thr Gly Glu Val Leu His Gln
755 760 765
Lys Thr His Phe Pro Gln Pro Trp Glu Phe Phe Ala Gln Glu Val Met
770 775 780
Ile Arg Val Phe Gly Lys Pro Asp Gly Lys Pro Glu Phe Glu Glu Ala
785 790 795 800
Asp Thr Leu Glu Lys Leu Arg Thr Leu Leu Ala Glu Lys Leu Ser Ser
805 810 815
Arg Pro Glu Ala Val His Glu Tyr Val Thr Pro Leu Phe Val Ser Arg
820 825 830
Ala Pro Asn Arg Lys Met Ser Gly Gln Gly His Met Glu Thr Val Lys
835 840 845
Ser Ala Lys Arg Leu Asp Glu Gly Val Ser Val Leu Arg Val Pro Leu
850 855 860
Thr Gln Leu Lys Leu Lys Asp Leu Glu Lys Met Val Asn Arg Glu Arg
865 870 875 880
Glu Pro Lys Leu Tyr Glu Ala Leu Lys Ala Arg Leu Glu Ala His Lys
885 890 895
Asp Asp Pro Ala Lys Ala Phe Ala Glu Pro Phe Tyr Lys Tyr Asp Lys
900 905 910
Ala Gly Asn Arg Thr Gln Gln Val Lys Ala Val Arg Val Glu Gln Val
915 920 925
Gln Lys Thr Gly Val Trp Val Arg Asn His Asn Gly Ile Ala Asp Asn
930 935 940
Ala Thr Met Val Arg Val Asp Val Phe Glu Lys Gly Asp Lys Tyr Tyr
945 950 955 960
Leu Val Pro Ile Tyr Ser Trp Gln Val Ala Lys Gly Ile Leu Pro Asp
965 970 975
Arg Ala Val Val Gln Gly Lys Asp Glu Glu Asp Trp Gln Leu Ile Asp
980 985 990
Asp Ser Phe Asn Phe Lys Phe Ser Leu His Pro Asn Asp Leu Val Glu
995 1000 1005
Val Ile Thr Lys Lys Ala Arg Met Phe Gly Tyr Phe Ala Ser Cys
1010 1015 1020
His Arg Gly Thr Gly Asn Ile Asn Ile Arg Ile His Asp Leu Asp
1025 1030 1035
His Lys Ile Gly Lys Asn Gly Ile Leu Glu Gly Ile Gly Val Lys
1040 1045 1050
Thr Ala Leu Ser Phe Gln Lys Tyr Gln Ile Asp Glu Leu Gly Lys
1055 1060 1065
Glu Ile Arg Pro Cys Arg Leu Lys Lys Arg Pro Pro Val Arg
1070 1075 1080
<210> 3
<211> 1388
<212> PRT
<213> 嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)
<400> 3
Met Thr Lys Pro Tyr Ser Ile Gly Leu Asp Ile Gly Thr Asn Ser Val
1 5 10 15
Gly Trp Ala Val Thr Thr Asp Asn Tyr Lys Val Pro Ser Lys Lys Met
20 25 30
Lys Val Leu Gly Asn Thr Ser Lys Lys Tyr Ile Lys Lys Asn Leu Leu
35 40 45
Gly Val Leu Leu Phe Asp Ser Gly Ile Thr Ala Glu Gly Arg Arg Leu
50 55 60
Lys Arg Thr Ala Arg Arg Arg Tyr Thr Arg Arg Arg Asn Arg Ile Leu
65 70 75 80
Tyr Leu Gln Glu Ile Phe Ser Thr Glu Met Ala Thr Leu Asp Asp Ala
85 90 95
Phe Phe Gln Arg Leu Asp Asp Ser Phe Leu Val Pro Asp Asp Lys Arg
100 105 110
Asp Ser Lys Tyr Pro Ile Phe Gly Asn Leu Val Glu Glu Lys Ala Tyr
115 120 125
His Asp Glu Phe Pro Thr Ile Tyr His Leu Arg Lys Tyr Leu Ala Asp
130 135 140
Ser Thr Lys Lys Ala Asp Leu Arg Leu Val Tyr Leu Ala Leu Ala His
145 150 155 160
Met Ile Lys Tyr Arg Gly His Phe Leu Ile Glu Gly Glu Phe Asn Ser
165 170 175
Lys Asn Asn Asp Ile Gln Lys Asn Phe Gln Asp Phe Leu Asp Thr Tyr
180 185 190
Asn Ala Ile Phe Glu Ser Asp Leu Ser Leu Glu Asn Ser Lys Gln Leu
195 200 205
Glu Glu Ile Val Lys Asp Lys Ile Ser Lys Leu Glu Lys Lys Asp Arg
210 215 220
Ile Leu Lys Leu Phe Pro Gly Glu Lys Asn Ser Gly Ile Phe Ser Glu
225 230 235 240
Phe Leu Lys Leu Ile Val Gly Asn Gln Ala Asp Phe Arg Lys Cys Phe
245 250 255
Asn Leu Asp Glu Lys Ala Ser Leu His Phe Ser Lys Glu Ser Tyr Asp
260 265 270
Glu Asp Leu Glu Thr Leu Leu Gly Tyr Ile Gly Asp Asp Tyr Ser Asp
275 280 285
Val Phe Leu Lys Ala Lys Lys Leu Tyr Asp Ala Ile Leu Leu Ser Gly
290 295 300
Phe Leu Thr Val Thr Asp Asn Glu Thr Glu Ala Pro Leu Ser Ser Ala
305 310 315 320
Met Ile Lys Arg Tyr Asn Glu His Lys Glu Asp Leu Ala Leu Leu Lys
325 330 335
Glu Tyr Ile Arg Asn Ile Ser Leu Lys Thr Tyr Asn Glu Val Phe Lys
340 345 350
Asp Asp Thr Lys Asn Gly Tyr Ala Gly Tyr Ile Asp Gly Lys Thr Asn
355 360 365
Gln Glu Asp Phe Tyr Val Tyr Leu Lys Lys Leu Leu Ala Glu Phe Glu
370 375 380
Gly Ala Asp Tyr Phe Leu Glu Lys Ile Asp Arg Glu Asp Phe Leu Arg
385 390 395 400
Lys Gln Arg Thr Phe Asp Asn Gly Ser Ile Pro Tyr Gln Ile His Leu
405 410 415
Gln Glu Met Arg Ala Ile Leu Asp Lys Gln Ala Lys Phe Tyr Pro Phe
420 425 430
Leu Ala Lys Asn Lys Glu Arg Ile Glu Lys Ile Leu Thr Phe Arg Ile
435 440 445
Pro Tyr Tyr Val Gly Pro Leu Ala Arg Gly Asn Ser Asp Phe Ala Trp
450 455 460
Ser Ile Arg Lys Arg Asn Glu Lys Ile Thr Pro Trp Asn Phe Glu Asp
465 470 475 480
Val Ile Asp Lys Glu Ser Ser Ala Glu Ala Phe Ile Asn Arg Met Thr
485 490 495
Ser Phe Asp Leu Tyr Leu Pro Glu Glu Lys Val Leu Pro Lys His Ser
500 505 510
Leu Leu Tyr Glu Thr Phe Asn Val Tyr Asn Glu Leu Thr Lys Val Arg
515 520 525
Phe Ile Ala Glu Ser Met Arg Asp Tyr Gln Phe Leu Asp Ser Lys Gln
530 535 540
Lys Lys Asp Ile Val Arg Leu Tyr Phe Lys Asp Lys Arg Lys Val Thr
545 550 555 560
Asp Lys Asp Ile Ile Glu Tyr Leu His Ala Ile Tyr Gly Tyr Asp Gly
565 570 575
Ile Glu Leu Lys Gly Ile Glu Lys Gln Phe Asn Ser Ser Leu Ser Thr
580 585 590
Tyr His Asp Leu Leu Asn Ile Ile Asn Asp Lys Glu Phe Leu Asp Asp
595 600 605
Ser Ser Asn Glu Ala Ile Ile Glu Glu Ile Ile His Thr Leu Thr Ile
610 615 620
Phe Glu Asp Arg Glu Met Ile Lys Gln Arg Leu Ser Lys Phe Glu Asn
625 630 635 640
Ile Phe Asp Lys Ser Val Leu Lys Lys Leu Ser Arg Arg His Tyr Thr
645 650 655
Gly Trp Gly Lys Leu Ser Ala Lys Leu Ile Asn Gly Ile Arg Asp Glu
660 665 670
Lys Ser Gly Asn Thr Ile Leu Asp Tyr Leu Ile Asp Asp Gly Ile Ser
675 680 685
Asn Arg Asn Phe Met Gln Leu Ile His Asp Asp Ala Leu Ser Phe Lys
690 695 700
Lys Lys Ile Gln Lys Ala Gln Ile Ile Gly Asp Glu Asp Lys Gly Asn
705 710 715 720
Ile Lys Glu Val Val Lys Ser Leu Pro Gly Ser Pro Ala Ile Lys Lys
725 730 735
Gly Ile Leu Gln Ser Ile Lys Ile Val Asp Glu Leu Val Lys Val Met
740 745 750
Gly Gly Arg Lys Pro Glu Ser Ile Val Val Glu Met Ala Arg Glu Asn
755 760 765
Gln Tyr Thr Asn Gln Gly Lys Ser Asn Ser Gln Gln Arg Leu Lys Arg
770 775 780
Leu Glu Lys Ser Leu Lys Glu Leu Gly Ser Lys Ile Leu Lys Glu Asn
785 790 795 800
Ile Pro Ala Lys Leu Ser Lys Ile Asp Asn Asn Ala Leu Gln Asn Asp
805 810 815
Arg Leu Tyr Leu Tyr Tyr Leu Gln Asn Gly Lys Asp Met Tyr Thr Gly
820 825 830
Asp Asp Leu Asp Ile Asp Arg Leu Ser Asn Tyr Asp Ile Asp His Ile
835 840 845
Ile Pro Gln Ala Phe Leu Lys Asp Asn Ser Ile Asp Asn Lys Val Leu
850 855 860
Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Asn Arg Gly Lys Ser Asp Asp Val Pro Ser Leu
865 870 875 880
Glu Val Val Lys Lys Arg Lys Thr Phe Trp Tyr Gln Leu Leu Lys Ser
885 890 895
Lys Leu Ile Ser Gln Arg Lys Phe Asp Asn Leu Thr Lys Ala Glu Arg
900 905 910
Gly Gly Leu Ser Pro Glu Asp Lys Ala Gly Phe Ile Gln Arg Gln Leu
915 920 925
Val Glu Thr Arg Gln Ile Thr Lys His Val Ala Arg Leu Leu Asp Glu
930 935 940
Lys Phe Asn Asn Lys Lys Asp Glu Asn Asn Arg Ala Val Arg Thr Val
945 950 955 960
Lys Ile Ile Thr Leu Lys Ser Thr Leu Val Ser Gln Phe Arg Lys Asp
965 970 975
Phe Glu Leu Tyr Lys Val Arg Glu Ile Asn Asp Phe His His Ala His
980 985 990
Asp Ala Tyr Leu Asn Ala Val Val Ala Ser Ala Leu Leu Lys Lys Tyr
995 1000 1005
Pro Lys Leu Glu Pro Glu Phe Val Tyr Gly Asp Tyr Pro Lys Tyr
1010 1015 1020
Asn Ser Phe Arg Glu Arg Lys Ser Ala Thr Glu Lys Val Tyr Phe
1025 1030 1035
Tyr Ser Asn Ile Met Asn Ile Phe Lys Lys Ser Ile Ser Leu Ala
1040 1045 1050
Asp Gly Arg Val Ile Glu Arg Pro Leu Ile Glu Val Asn Glu Glu
1055 1060 1065
Thr Gly Glu Ser Val Trp Asn Lys Glu Ser Asp Leu Ala Thr Val
1070 1075 1080
Arg Arg Val Leu Ser Tyr Pro Gln Val Asn Val Val Lys Lys Val
1085 1090 1095
Glu Glu Gln Asn His Gly Leu Asp Arg Gly Lys Pro Lys Gly Leu
1100 1105 1110
Phe Asn Ala Asn Leu Ser Ser Lys Pro Lys Pro Asn Ser Asn Glu
1115 1120 1125
Asn Leu Val Gly Ala Lys Glu Tyr Leu Asp Pro Lys Lys Tyr Gly
1130 1135 1140
Gly Tyr Ala Gly Ile Ser Asn Ser Phe Thr Val Leu Val Lys Gly
1145 1150 1155
Thr Ile Glu Lys Gly Ala Lys Lys Lys Ile Thr Asn Val Leu Glu
1160 1165 1170
Phe Gln Gly Ile Ser Ile Leu Asp Arg Ile Asn Tyr Arg Lys Asp
1175 1180 1185
Lys Leu Asn Phe Leu Leu Glu Lys Gly Tyr Lys Asp Ile Glu Leu
1190 1195 1200
Ile Ile Glu Leu Pro Lys Tyr Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Ser Asp Gly
1205 1210 1215
Ser Arg Arg Met Leu Ala Ser Ile Leu Ser Thr Asn Asn Lys Arg
1220 1225 1230
Gly Glu Ile His Lys Gly Asn Gln Ile Phe Leu Ser Gln Lys Phe
1235 1240 1245
Val Lys Leu Leu Tyr His Ala Lys Arg Ile Ser Asn Thr Ile Asn
1250 1255 1260
Glu Asn His Arg Lys Tyr Val Glu Asn His Lys Lys Glu Phe Glu
1265 1270 1275
Glu Leu Phe Tyr Tyr Ile Leu Glu Phe Asn Glu Asn Tyr Val Gly
1280 1285 1290
Ala Lys Lys Asn Gly Lys Leu Leu Asn Ser Ala Phe Gln Ser Trp
1295 1300 1305
Gln Asn His Ser Ile Asp Glu Leu Cys Ser Ser Phe Ile Gly Pro
1310 1315 1320
Thr Gly Ser Glu Arg Lys Gly Leu Phe Glu Leu Thr Ser Arg Gly
1325 1330 1335
Ser Ala Ala Asp Phe Glu Phe Leu Gly Val Lys Ile Pro Arg Tyr
1340 1345 1350
Arg Asp Tyr Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Leu Lys Asp Ala Thr Leu Ile
1355 1360 1365
His Gln Ser Val Thr Gly Leu Tyr Glu Thr Arg Ile Asp Leu Ala
1370 1375 1380
Lys Leu Gly Glu Gly
1385
<210> 4
<211> 1395
<212> PRT
<213> 齿垢密螺旋体(Treponema denticola)
<400> 4
Met Lys Lys Glu Ile Lys Asp Tyr Phe Leu Gly Leu Asp Val Gly Thr
1 5 10 15
Gly Ser Val Gly Trp Ala Val Thr Asp Thr Asp Tyr Lys Leu Leu Lys
20 25 30
Ala Asn Arg Lys Asp Leu Trp Gly Met Arg Cys Phe Glu Thr Ala Glu
35 40 45
Thr Ala Glu Val Arg Arg Leu His Arg Gly Ala Arg Arg Arg Ile Glu
50 55 60
Arg Arg Lys Lys Arg Ile Lys Leu Leu Gln Glu Leu Phe Ser Gln Glu
65 70 75 80
Ile Ala Lys Thr Asp Glu Gly Phe Phe Gln Arg Met Lys Glu Ser Pro
85 90 95
Phe Tyr Ala Glu Asp Lys Thr Ile Leu Gln Glu Asn Thr Leu Phe Asn
100 105 110
Asp Lys Asp Phe Ala Asp Lys Thr Tyr His Lys Ala Tyr Pro Thr Ile
115 120 125
Asn His Leu Ile Lys Ala Trp Ile Glu Asn Lys Val Lys Pro Asp Pro
130 135 140
Arg Leu Leu Tyr Leu Ala Cys His Asn Ile Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly His
145 150 155 160
Phe Leu Phe Glu Gly Asp Phe Asp Ser Glu Asn Gln Phe Asp Thr Ser
165 170 175
Ile Gln Ala Leu Phe Glu Tyr Leu Arg Glu Asp Met Glu Val Asp Ile
180 185 190
Asp Ala Asp Ser Gln Lys Val Lys Glu Ile Leu Lys Asp Ser Ser Leu
195 200 205
Lys Asn Ser Glu Lys Gln Ser Arg Leu Asn Lys Ile Leu Gly Leu Lys
210 215 220
Pro Ser Asp Lys Gln Lys Lys Ala Ile Thr Asn Leu Ile Ser Gly Asn
225 230 235 240
Lys Ile Asn Phe Ala Asp Leu Tyr Asp Asn Pro Asp Leu Lys Asp Ala
245 250 255
Glu Lys Asn Ser Ile Ser Phe Ser Lys Asp Asp Phe Asp Ala Leu Ser
260 265 270
Asp Asp Leu Ala Ser Ile Leu Gly Asp Ser Phe Glu Leu Leu Leu Lys
275 280 285
Ala Lys Ala Val Tyr Asn Cys Ser Val Leu Ser Lys Val Ile Gly Asp
290 295 300
Glu Gln Tyr Leu Ser Phe Ala Lys Val Lys Ile Tyr Glu Lys His Lys
305 310 315 320
Thr Asp Leu Thr Lys Leu Lys Asn Val Ile Lys Lys His Phe Pro Lys
325 330 335
Asp Tyr Lys Lys Val Phe Gly Tyr Asn Lys Asn Glu Lys Asn Asn Asn
340 345 350
Asn Tyr Ser Gly Tyr Val Gly Val Cys Lys Thr Lys Ser Lys Lys Leu
355 360 365
Ile Ile Asn Asn Ser Val Asn Gln Glu Asp Phe Tyr Lys Phe Leu Lys
370 375 380
Thr Ile Leu Ser Ala Lys Ser Glu Ile Lys Glu Val Asn Asp Ile Leu
385 390 395 400
Thr Glu Ile Glu Thr Gly Thr Phe Leu Pro Lys Gln Ile Ser Lys Ser
405 410 415
Asn Ala Glu Ile Pro Tyr Gln Leu Arg Lys Met Glu Leu Glu Lys Ile
420 425 430
Leu Ser Asn Ala Glu Lys His Phe Ser Phe Leu Lys Gln Lys Asp Glu
435 440 445
Lys Gly Leu Ser His Ser Glu Lys Ile Ile Met Leu Leu Thr Phe Lys
450 455 460
Ile Pro Tyr Tyr Ile Gly Pro Ile Asn Asp Asn His Lys Lys Phe Phe
465 470 475 480
Pro Asp Arg Cys Trp Val Val Lys Lys Glu Lys Ser Pro Ser Gly Lys
485 490 495
Thr Thr Pro Trp Asn Phe Phe Asp His Ile Asp Lys Glu Lys Thr Ala
500 505 510
Glu Ala Phe Ile Thr Ser Arg Thr Asn Phe Cys Thr Tyr Leu Val Gly
515 520 525
Glu Ser Val Leu Pro Lys Ser Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser Glu Tyr Thr Val
530 535 540
Leu Asn Glu Ile Asn Asn Leu Gln Ile Ile Ile Asp Gly Lys Asn Ile
545 550 555 560
Cys Asp Ile Lys Leu Lys Gln Lys Ile Tyr Glu Asp Leu Phe Lys Lys
565 570 575
Tyr Lys Lys Ile Thr Gln Lys Gln Ile Ser Thr Phe Ile Lys His Glu
580 585 590
Gly Ile Cys Asn Lys Thr Asp Glu Val Ile Ile Leu Gly Ile Asp Lys
595 600 605
Glu Cys Thr Ser Ser Leu Lys Ser Tyr Ile Glu Leu Lys Asn Ile Phe
610 615 620
Gly Lys Gln Val Asp Glu Ile Ser Thr Lys Asn Met Leu Glu Glu Ile
625 630 635 640
Ile Arg Trp Ala Thr Ile Tyr Asp Glu Gly Glu Gly Lys Thr Ile Leu
645 650 655
Lys Thr Lys Ile Lys Ala Glu Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Cys Ser Asp Glu Gln
660 665 670
Ile Lys Lys Ile Leu Asn Leu Lys Phe Ser Gly Trp Gly Arg Leu Ser
675 680 685
Arg Lys Phe Leu Glu Thr Val Thr Ser Glu Met Pro Gly Phe Ser Glu
690 695 700
Pro Val Asn Ile Ile Thr Ala Met Arg Glu Thr Gln Asn Asn Leu Met
705 710 715 720
Glu Leu Leu Ser Ser Glu Phe Thr Phe Thr Glu Asn Ile Lys Lys Ile
725 730 735
Asn Ser Gly Phe Glu Asp Ala Glu Lys Gln Phe Ser Tyr Asp Gly Leu
740 745 750
Val Lys Pro Leu Phe Leu Ser Pro Ser Val Lys Lys Met Leu Trp Gln
755 760 765
Thr Leu Lys Leu Val Lys Glu Ile Ser His Ile Thr Gln Ala Pro Pro
770 775 780
Lys Lys Ile Phe Ile Glu Met Ala Lys Gly Ala Glu Leu Glu Pro Ala
785 790 795 800
Arg Thr Lys Thr Arg Leu Lys Ile Leu Gln Asp Leu Tyr Asn Asn Cys
805 810 815
Lys Asn Asp Ala Asp Ala Phe Ser Ser Glu Ile Lys Asp Leu Ser Gly
820 825 830
Lys Ile Glu Asn Glu Asp Asn Leu Arg Leu Arg Ser Asp Lys Leu Tyr
835 840 845
Leu Tyr Tyr Thr Gln Leu Gly Lys Cys Met Tyr Cys Gly Lys Pro Ile
850 855 860
Glu Ile Gly His Val Phe Asp Thr Ser Asn Tyr Asp Ile Asp His Ile
865 870 875 880
Tyr Pro Gln Ser Lys Ile Lys Asp Asp Ser Ile Ser Asn Arg Val Leu
885 890 895
Val Cys Ser Ser Cys Asn Lys Asn Lys Glu Asp Lys Tyr Pro Leu Lys
900 905 910
Ser Glu Ile Gln Ser Lys Gln Arg Gly Phe Trp Asn Phe Leu Gln Arg
915 920 925
Asn Asn Phe Ile Ser Leu Glu Lys Leu Asn Arg Leu Thr Arg Ala Thr
930 935 940
Pro Ile Ser Asp Asp Glu Thr Ala Lys Phe Ile Ala Arg Gln Leu Val
945 950 955 960
Glu Thr Arg Gln Ala Thr Lys Val Ala Ala Lys Val Leu Glu Lys Met
965 970 975
Phe Pro Glu Thr Lys Ile Val Tyr Ser Lys Ala Glu Thr Val Ser Met
980 985 990
Phe Arg Asn Lys Phe Asp Ile Val Lys Cys Arg Glu Ile Asn Asp Phe
995 1000 1005
His His Ala His Asp Ala Tyr Leu Asn Ile Val Val Gly Asn Val
1010 1015 1020
Tyr Asn Thr Lys Phe Thr Asn Asn Pro Trp Asn Phe Ile Lys Glu
1025 1030 1035
Lys Arg Asp Asn Pro Lys Ile Ala Asp Thr Tyr Asn Tyr Tyr Lys
1040 1045 1050
Val Phe Asp Tyr Asp Val Lys Arg Asn Asn Ile Thr Ala Trp Glu
1055 1060 1065
Lys Gly Lys Thr Ile Ile Thr Val Lys Asp Met Leu Lys Arg Asn
1070 1075 1080
Thr Pro Ile Tyr Thr Arg Gln Ala Ala Cys Lys Lys Gly Glu Leu
1085 1090 1095
Phe Asn Gln Thr Ile Met Lys Lys Gly Leu Gly Gln His Pro Leu
1100 1105 1110
Lys Lys Glu Gly Pro Phe Ser Asn Ile Ser Lys Tyr Gly Gly Tyr
1115 1120 1125
Asn Lys Val Ser Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Thr Leu Ile Glu Tyr Glu Glu
1130 1135 1140
Lys Gly Asn Lys Ile Arg Ser Leu Glu Thr Ile Pro Leu Tyr Leu
1145 1150 1155
Val Lys Asp Ile Gln Lys Asp Gln Asp Val Leu Lys Ser Tyr Leu
1160 1165 1170
Thr Asp Leu Leu Gly Lys Lys Glu Phe Lys Ile Leu Val Pro Lys
1175 1180 1185
Ile Lys Ile Asn Ser Leu Leu Lys Ile Asn Gly Phe Pro Cys His
1190 1195 1200
Ile Thr Gly Lys Thr Asn Asp Ser Phe Leu Leu Arg Pro Ala Val
1205 1210 1215
Gln Phe Cys Cys Ser Asn Asn Glu Val Leu Tyr Phe Lys Lys Ile
1220 1225 1230
Ile Arg Phe Ser Glu Ile Arg Ser Gln Arg Glu Lys Ile Gly Lys
1235 1240 1245
Thr Ile Ser Pro Tyr Glu Asp Leu Ser Phe Arg Ser Tyr Ile Lys
1250 1255 1260
Glu Asn Leu Trp Lys Lys Thr Lys Asn Asp Glu Ile Gly Glu Lys
1265 1270 1275
Glu Phe Tyr Asp Leu Leu Gln Lys Lys Asn Leu Glu Ile Tyr Asp
1280 1285 1290
Met Leu Leu Thr Lys His Lys Asp Thr Ile Tyr Lys Lys Arg Pro
1295 1300 1305
Asn Ser Ala Thr Ile Asp Ile Leu Val Lys Gly Lys Glu Lys Phe
1310 1315 1320
Lys Ser Leu Ile Ile Glu Asn Gln Phe Glu Val Ile Leu Glu Ile
1325 1330 1335
Leu Lys Leu Phe Ser Ala Thr Arg Asn Val Ser Asp Leu Gln His
1340 1345 1350
Ile Gly Gly Ser Lys Tyr Ser Gly Val Ala Lys Ile Gly Asn Lys
1355 1360 1365
Ile Ser Ser Leu Asp Asn Cys Ile Leu Ile Tyr Gln Ser Ile Thr
1370 1375 1380
Gly Ile Phe Glu Lys Arg Ile Asp Leu Leu Lys Val
1385 1390 1395
<210> 5
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 小鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 5
ggagaggaca aaaaacaaga 20
<210> 6
<211> 23
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> mCherry
<400> 6
ggccacgagt tcgagatcga ggg 23
<210> 7
<211> 117
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> ssODN for mCherry
<400> 7
agttcatgcg cttcaaggtg cacatggagg gctccgtgaa ttcataactt cgtatagcat 60
acattatacg aagttatcga gggcgagggc cgcccctacg agggcaccca gaccgcc 117
<210> 8
<211> 50
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> ssODN for mCherry
<400> 8
cgtgaacggc cacgagttcg agatatcgag ggcgagggcg agggccgccc 50
<210> 9
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Mus musculus
<400> 9
cagcaggtct tacccttcca 20
<210> 10
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Mus musculus
<400> 10
tacaggggtt ggggacataa 20
<210> 11
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> Foward primer for mCherry
<400> 11
gagggcacta aggcagtcac 20
<210> 12
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> Reverse primer for mCherry
<400> 12
cccatggtct tcttctgcat 20
<210> 13
<211> 61
<212> DNA
<213> Mus musculus
<400> 13
tgaatggaaa aggagctccc aggagaggac aaaaaacaag aaggaaaaac acctctgctc 60
a 61
<210> 14
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> mCherry
<400> 14
gtgaacggcc acgagttcga gatcgagggc ga 32
<210> 15
<211> 41
<212> DNA
<213> Mus musculus
<400> 15
aggagctccc aggagaggac aaaaaacaag aaggaaaaac a 41
<210> 16
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> mCherry
<400> 16
tccgtgaacg gccacgagtt cgagatcgag ggcgagggcg 40
<210> 17
<211> 53
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 用于mCherry的ssODN
<400> 17
tccgtgaatt cataacttcg tatagcatac attatacgaa gttatcgagg gcg 53
Claims (21)
1.一种向哺乳动物的受精卵导入编码Cas9蛋白的mRNA、即Cas9 mRNA的方法,包括以下各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(b)以实现最低mRNA导入效率Rmin以上的mRNA导入效率R的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率Rmin通过下式(A)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c算出,所述浓度c的单位是ng/μl,
式(A)Rmin=882/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率R是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率R是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率R是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t由通电时间t算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率R是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t算出的值,
所述通电时间t的单位是msec,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,电压与通电时间的积为每1mm电极间距离约990Vmsec以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约25V~约35V。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,
Cas9 mRNA浓度为约50ng/μl以上,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V以上,通电时间为约36msec以上。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,
Cas9 mRNA浓度为约50ng/μl以上,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V以上,通电时间为约21msec以上。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,
Cas9 mRNA浓度为约200ng/μl以上,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V以上,通电时间为约15msec以上。
7.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,
Cas9 mRNA浓度为约200ng/μl以上,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V以上,通电时间为约5msec以上。
8.一种向哺乳动物的受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA的方法,包括以下各阶段:
(a)在电穿孔用电极之间放置包含Cas9 mRNA的溶液与受精卵的混合物;
(c)以实现最低mRNA导入效率Rmin以上的mRNA导入效率R的电压和通电时间对电极间施加电压,所述最低mRNA导入效率Rmin通过下式(B)由Cas9 mRNA浓度c算出,所述浓度c的单位是ng/μl,
式(B) Rmin=441/c
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约30V时,mRNA导入效率R是通过式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t由通电时间t算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约30V~约40V时,mRNA导入效率R是通过式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t由通电时间t算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约40V~约50V时,mRNA导入效率R是通过式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t由通电时间t算出的值,
每1mm电极间距离的电压为约50V以上时,mRNA导入效率R是通过式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t由通电时间t算出的值,
所述通电时间t的单位是msec,
其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,电压与通电时间的积为每1mm电极间距离约630Vmsec以下,电压可以分成2次以上的脉冲来施加;
(d)以实现最低mRNA导入效率Rmin以上的mRNA导入效率R的电压和通电时间对电极间施加与阶段(c)相反方向的电压,最低mRNA导入效率Rmin由式(B)算出,其中,每1mm电极间距离的电压为约20V~约55V,电压与通电时间的积为每1mm电极间距离约630Vmsec以下,电压可以分成2次以上的脉冲来施加,
在阶段(c)和(d)中将电压分成2次以上的脉冲来施加时,可以在连续地施加一个方向的脉冲后施加相反方向的脉冲,也可以交替施加各方向的脉冲,还可以随机施加各方向的脉冲。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的方法,其使用啮齿目的受精卵。
10.根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的方法,其使用小鼠的受精卵。
11.根据权利要求1~10中任一项所述的方法,其中,
Cas9蛋白是包含与序列号1~序列号4中的任一氨基酸序列具有约90%以上的序列同源性的氨基酸序列且gRNA依赖性地与DNA结合的蛋白质。
12.根据权利要求1~11中任一项所述的方法,其中,
Cas9蛋白具有RuvC核酸酶活性和HNH核酸酶活性中的任一者或两者。
13.根据权利要求1~12中任一项所述的方法,其中,
Cas9蛋白包含序列号1~序列号4中的任一氨基酸序列。
14.根据权利要求1~13中任一项所述的方法,其中,
Cas9蛋白包含序列号1的氨基酸序列。
15.根据权利要求1~14中任一项所述的方法,其中,
溶液包含1种或1种以上的进一步的核酸分子,该核酸分子为gRNA、或crRNA与tracrRNA的组合,该核酸分子与Cas9 mRNA一起被导入受精卵。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,
进一步的核酸分子为gRNA。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中,
溶液进一步包含单链寡脱氧核苷酸、即ssODN。
18.一种表达Cas9的哺乳动物的受精卵的制造方法,包括通过权利要求1~17中任一项所述的方法向哺乳动物的受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA。
19.一种以哺乳动物的受精卵进行基因组编辑的方法,包括通过权利要求15~17中任一项所述的方法向哺乳动物的受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA和进一步的核酸分子。
20.一种经基因组编辑的哺乳动物的受精卵的制作方法,包括通过权利要求15~17中任一项所述的方法向哺乳动物的受精卵导入Cas9 mRNA和进一步的核酸分子。
21.一种基因修饰动物的制作方法,包括向受体动物移植通过权利要求20所述的方法得到的受精卵。
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