KR20180123444A - 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법 및 관련 반도체 소자 구조체 - Google Patents
실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법 및 관련 반도체 소자 구조체 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20180123444A KR20180123444A KR1020180052369A KR20180052369A KR20180123444A KR 20180123444 A KR20180123444 A KR 20180123444A KR 1020180052369 A KR1020180052369 A KR 1020180052369A KR 20180052369 A KR20180052369 A KR 20180052369A KR 20180123444 A KR20180123444 A KR 20180123444A
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- silicon
- epitaxial layer
- source
- containing epitaxial
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012686 silicon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH3] VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 28
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 14
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- KAJBHOLJPAFYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[Ge].[Si] Chemical compound [Sn].[Ge].[Si] KAJBHOLJPAFYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005898 GeSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000078 germane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicon nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- H01L29/1054—Channel region of field-effect devices of field-effect transistors with insulated gate, e.g. characterised by the length, the width, the geometric contour or the doping structure with a variation of the composition, e.g. channel with strained layer for increasing the mobility
Abstract
실리콘 함유 에피택셜 층을 형성하기 위한 방법이 개시된다. 그 방법은 약 950 ℃ 미만의 온도로 기판을 가열하는 단계, 및 상기 기판을 수소화 실리콘 소스, 제 2 실리콘 소스, 도펀트 소스 및 할로겐 소스를 포함하는 제 1 실리콘 소스에 노출시키는 단계를 포함할 수도 있다. 이 방법은 또한 실리콘 함유 에피택셜 층을 성막하는 단계를 포함할 수도 있고, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜 층 내의 도펀트 농도는 3 × 1021 원자/㎤ 보다 크다.
Description
관련 특허 출원의 상호 참조
본 개시는 "실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법 및 관련 반도체 소자 구조체"라는 제목으로 2017년 5월 8일에 출원되었고 본원에 참조로 포함되어 있는 미국 가특허출원 제62/503,192호의 이익을 주장한다.
본 개시는 일반적으로 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법 및 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 포함하는 관련 반도체 소자 구조체에 관한 것이다. 본 개시는 또한 일반적으로 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 화학 기상 증착으로 형성하는 방법 및 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 포함하는 관련 반도체 소자 구조체에 관한 것이다.
실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 화학 기상 증착(CVD) 분야에서, 예컨대 상보형 금속-산화물-반도체(CMOS) 소자 구조체와 같은 최신 반도체 소자 구조체의 제조를 위해 필요한 주로 열적 비용의 감소에 인하여 CVD 공정의 증착 온도를 감소시키려는 경향이 있다.
CVD 공정을 위한 성장 온도의 감소는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 성장율 및 그에 따른 반도체 증착 장비를 통한 반도체 소자 웨이퍼들의 처리량을 제한할 수 있다. 아울러, CVD 공정의 성장 온도의 감소는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층에 결합되는 도펀트 종의 농도를 제한할 수도 있는 데, 이는 결국 반도체 소자 성능에 해로운 영향을 줄 수 있다.
주기적 증착 및 식각 공정(CDE)은 양호한 성장율 및 선택도를 갖는 저온 증착을 위해 사용될 수 있다. 그러나, CDE 공정을 이용하지 않는 CVD 공정은 특정 도펀트의 결합을 증가시키는 낮아진 증착 온도에서 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착할 수 있어서 바람직할 수 있다.
본 개시의 적어도 하나의 구현예에 따르면, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법을 개시한다. 상기 방법은 약 950℃ 미만의 온도로 기판을 가열하는 단계, 및 수소첨가된 실리콘 전구체를 포함하는 제1 실리콘 공급원, 제2 실리콘 공급원, 도펀트 공급원, 및 할로겐 공급원에게 상기 기판을 노출시키는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 상기 방법은 또한 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계를 포함할 수 있고, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층 내 도펀트 농도는 1 평방 cm 당 3 × 1021개의 원자들을 초과한다.
본 개시의 다른 구현예에 따르면, 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 화학 기상 증착으로 형성하기 위한 방법을 제공한다. 상기 방법은 반응 챔버 내에 배치된 기판을 약 950℃ 미만의 온도로 가열하는 단계, 및 상기 기판을 가스 혼합물에 노출시키는 단계를 포함할 수 있고, 상기 가스 혼합물은 실란을 포함하는 제1 실리콘 공급원, 염화 실리콘 전구체를 포함하는 제2 실리콘 공급원, 할로겐 공급원, 및 도펀트 공급원을 포함한다. 상기 방법은 또한 상기 기판 위에 도핑된 실리콘층을 증착하는 단계를 포함할 수 있고, 상기 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층 내 도펀트 농도는 1 평방 cm 당 3 × 1021개의 원자들을 초과한다.
본 명세서는 본 발명의 구현예로 간주되는 것을 특별히 지적하고 명백하게 주장하는 청구범위로 결론을 내지만, 본 개시의 구현예들의 장점들은 첨부한 도면들과 관련하여 읽을 때 본 개시의 구현예들의 특정 예의 설명으로부터 더욱 쉽게 확인될 수 있고, 도면들 중:
도 1은 본 개시의 구현예들에 따른 예시적인 증착 방법을 도시하는 공정 흐름도이고;
도 2는 본 개시의 구현예들에 의해 형성된 실리콘 함유층을 포함하는 반도체 소자 구조체를 도시한다.
도면의 구성 요소들은 간략하게 및 명료하게 도시되어 있으며, 도시된 본 개시의 구현예의 이해를 돕기 위해 반드시 축적대로 그려지지 않았음을 이해할 것이다. 예를 들어, 본 개시에서 도시된 구현예의 이해를 돕기 위해 도면 중 일부 구성 요소의 치수는 다른 구성 요소에 비해 과장될 수 있다.
도 1은 본 개시의 구현예들에 따른 예시적인 증착 방법을 도시하는 공정 흐름도이고;
도 2는 본 개시의 구현예들에 의해 형성된 실리콘 함유층을 포함하는 반도체 소자 구조체를 도시한다.
도면의 구성 요소들은 간략하게 및 명료하게 도시되어 있으며, 도시된 본 개시의 구현예의 이해를 돕기 위해 반드시 축적대로 그려지지 않았음을 이해할 것이다. 예를 들어, 본 개시에서 도시된 구현예의 이해를 돕기 위해 도면 중 일부 구성 요소의 치수는 다른 구성 요소에 비해 과장될 수 있다.
특정 구현예 및 실시예가 아래에 개시되었지만, 당업자는 본 발명이 구체적으로 개시된 구현예 및/또는 본 발명의 용도 및 이들의 명백한 변형 및 등가물 너머로 연장된다는 것을 이해할 것이다. 따라서, 개시된 발명의 범주는 후술되는 구체적인 개시된 구현예에 의해 제한되지 않도록 의도된다.
본원에서 사용되는 바와 같이, 용어 "기판"은, 사용될 수 있는, 또는 그 위에 소자, 회로, 또는 막이 형성될 수 있는, 임의의 하부 재료 또는 재료들을 지칭할 수 있다.
본원에서 사용되는 바와 같이, 용어 "에피택셜층"은 아래에 놓인 실질적으로 단결정 기판 위의 실질적으로 단결정층을 지칭할 수 있다.
본원에서 사용되는 바와 같이, 용어 "수소첨가된 실리콘 공급원"은 그 안에 결합된 수소를 갖는 실리콘의 공급원을 지칭할 수 있다.
본원에서 사용되는 바와 같이, "염소첨가된 실리콘 공급원"은 그 안에 결합된 염소를 갖는 실리콘의 공급원을 지칭할 수 있다.
본원에서 사용되는 바와 같이, 용어 "화학 기상 증착"은 원하는 증착을 생성시키기 위해 기판 표면 상에서 반응 및/또는 분해되는 하나 이상의 휘발성 전구체에 기판이 노출되는 임의의 공정을 지칭할 수 있다.
본 개시의 구현예들은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법, 특히 낮아진 증착 온도에서 증가된 도펀트 결합을 갖는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법을 포함할 수 있다. 비제한적인 예로서, 본 개시의 방법들은 1 평방 cm당 3 × 1021개의 원자들을 초과하는 도펀트 농도를 포함하는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착할 수 있다. 본 개시의 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은, 예를 들어 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층 내에서 전하 캐리어의 이동도를 증가시킴으로써 결국 증착된 에피택셜층의 전하 수송 특성을 개선할 수 있는 높은 도펀트 결합에 의해 변형될 수 있다. 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은 완전히 변형될 수 있다. 즉, 상기 에피택셜층은 변형 완화(strain relaxation)가 없으므로 변형 완화 공정의 결과로서 실질적으로 전위가 없을 수 있다.
본 개시의 방법은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법에 대한 비제한적인 예시적 구현예를 도시하는 도 1을 참조하여 이해될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 도 1은 기판이 반응 챔버로 제공될 수 있는 공정 블록(110)을 포함할 수 있는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법(100)을 도시할 수 있다. 비제한적인 예로서, 반응 챔버는 화학 기상 증착 시스템의 반응 챔버를 포함할 수 있다. 그러나, 다른 반응 챔버 및 다른 제조사의 대안적인 화학 기상 증착 시스템도 본 개시의 구현예들을 수행하기 위해 사용될 수 있음이 또한 고려된다.
본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서 기판은 평면 기판 또는 패터닝된 기판을 포함할 수 있다. 패터닝된 기판은 기판의 표면 내로 또는 표면 위로 형성된 반도체 소자 구조체들을 포함할 수 있는 기판을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 패터닝된 기판은 트랜지스터 또는 메모리 소자와 같이 부분적으로 제조된 반도체 소자 구조체들을 포함할 수 있다. 기판은 단결정 표면 및/또는 하나 이상의 이차 표면을 포함할 수 있고, 상기 이차 표면은 비단결정 표면, 예컨대 다결정 표면 및 비정질 표면을 포함할 수 있다. 단결정 표면은, 예를 들어 하나 이상의 실리콘(Si), 실리콘 게르마늄(SiGe), 실리콘 게르마늄 주석(SiGeSn), 또는 실리콘 탄화물(SiC)을 포함할 수 있다. 다결정 또는 비정질 표면은 유전체 재료, 예컨대 실리콘 산화물 및 실리콘 질화물과 같은 산화물, 산질화물 또는 질화물을 포함할 수 있다.
계속해서 도 1을 참조하면, 방법(100)은 공정 블록 120으로 도시된 바와 같이, 반응 챔버 내에서 기판을 원하는 공정 온도로 가열하는 단계에 의해 계속될 수 있다. 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 방법(100)은 약 950℃ 미만의 온도, 또는 약 900℃ 미만의 온도, 또는 약 850℃ 미만의 온도, 또는 약 800℃ 미만의 온도, 또는 약 750℃ 미만의 온도, 또는 약 700℃ 미만의 온도, 또는 약 650℃ 미만의 온도, 또는 심지어 약 600℃ 미만의 온도로 기판을 가열하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다.
일단 기판이 원하는 공정 온도까지 가열되면, 방법(100)은 도 1의 공정 블록 130으로 도시된 바와 같이, 기판을 가스 혼합물에 노출하는 단계에 의해 계속될 수 있다. 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 기판을 가스 혼합물에 노출하는 단계는 수소첨가된 실리콘 전구체를 포함하는 제1 실리콘 공급원, 제2 실리콘 공급원, 도펀트 공급원, 및 할로겐 공급원에 기판을 노출하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다.
본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 가스 혼합물은 수소첨가된 실리콘 전구체, 예컨대 수소를 포함하는 실리콘 기상 전구체를 포함할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 상기 방법(100)은 실란(SiH4), 디실란(Si2H6), 트리실란(Si3H8), 또는 테트라실란(Si4H10) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 수소첨가된 실리콘 공급원을 선택하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 아울러, 상기 수소첨가된 실리콘 공급원은 일반적인 실험식 SixH(2x+2)를 갖는 고차 실란을 포함할 수 있다. 일부 구현예들에서, 수소첨가된 실리콘 전구체, 예컨대 실란(SiH4)의 반응챔버로의 유량은 약 50 sccm 미만, 또는 약 30 sccm 미만, 또는 심지어 10 sccm 미만일 수 있다. 본 개시의 대안적인 구현예들에서, 상기 수소첨가된 실리콘 전구체는 염소첨가된 실리콘 공급원으로 대체될 수 있는 데, 이의 예는 본원에 기술되어 있다.
본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 가스 혼합물은 제2 실리콘 공급원도 포함할 수 있고, 또 다른 구현예들에서, 상기 제2 실리콘 공급원은 염소첨가된 실리콘 전구체, 즉 염소 종을 포함하는 실리콘 전구체 또는 실리콘 반응물을 포함할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 방법(100)은 모노클로로실란(MCS), 디클로로실란(DCS), 트리클로로실란(TCS), 헥사클로로실란(HCDS), 옥타클로로실란(OCTS), 또는 실리콘 테트라클로라이드(STC) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 염소첨가된 실리콘 전구체를 선택하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 일부 구현예들에서, 염소첨가된 실리콘 전구체, 예컨대 디클로로실란(DCS)의 반응챔버로의 유량은 약 1000 미만, 또는 약 900 sccm 미만, 또는 약 800 sccm 미만, 또는 약 700 sccm 미만, 또는 약 600 sccm 미만, 또는 약 500 sccm 미만, 또는 심지어 약 400 sccm 미만일 수 있다. 본 개시의 대안적인 구현예들에서, 상기 염소첨가된 실리콘 전구체는 수소첨가된 실리콘 공급원으로 대체될 수 있는 데, 이의 예는 본원에 기술되어 있다.
본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 가스 혼합물은 도펀트 공급원을 더 포함할 수 있고, 그 결과 증착된 실리콘 함유 에피택셜막은 원하는 전도도 특성 및/또는 합금 조성을 갖고서 증착될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 방법(100)은 인, 붕소, 비소, 갈륨, 알루미늄, 주석 또는 게르마늄 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 도펀트 공급원을 선택하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 도펀트 공급원, 즉 도펀트 전구체의 예는 포스핀(PH3), 게마내(germane)(GeH4), 디게마내(Ge2H6), 디보란(B2H6), 메탄(CH4), 주석 염화물(SnCl4), 아르신(arsine)(AsH3), 또는 모노-메틸실란(MMS) 중 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다. 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 도펀트 공급원, 예컨대 포스핀(PH3)의 상기 반응챔버로의 유량은 약 3000 sccm 미만, 또는 약 1500 sccm 미만, 또는 약 800 sccm 미만, 또는 심지어 약 400 sccm 미만일 수 있다.
일부 구현예들에서, 상기 도펀트는 아르신(AsH3)를 포함할 수 있고, 이러한 구현예들에서, 아르신 도펀트는 주석(Sn) 함유 재료, 즉 예컨대 게르마늄 주석(GeSn) 및 실리콘 게르마늄 주석(SiGeSn)과 같은 재료들의 전기 비저항을 감소시키는 데 더 효과적일 수 있다. 또한, 아르신(AsH3)을 도펀트 종으로서 사용하면, 주석(Sn)이 증착된 재료에 결합하는데 도움이 될 수 있고, 또한 증착된 층의 결함을 감소시키는 데에도 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 아르신(AsH3) 도펀트 가스로부터 비소의 상대적인 결합율은, 포스핀(PH3) 가스를 도펀트 공급원으로서 이용할 때 인의 결합율의 약 10배 이상일 수 있다. 또한, 아르신(AsH3)을 도펀트 가스로서 사용할 때 증착된 재료에 비소가 결합하는 것은 포스핀(PH3)을 사용할 때 증착된 재료에 인이 결합하는 것보다 전기적으로 더 활성일 수 있다.
본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 가스 혼합물은 할로겐 공급원을 더 포함할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 방법(100)은 염화수소(HCl) 또는 염소(Cl2) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 할로겐 공급원, 예컨대 할로겐 전구체를 선택하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 할로겐 공급원, 예컨대 염화수소(HCl)의 반응챔버로의 유량은 약 150 sccm 미만, 또는 약 100 sccm 미만, 또는 심지어 약 50 sccm 미만일 수 있다.
본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 상기 가스 혼합물은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 증착을 위해 전구체 반응물을 가열된 기판으로 전송하는데 사용되는 하나 이상의 캐리어 가스를 더 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 수소(H2) 및/또는 질소(N2) 가스가 캐리어 가스로서 사용될 수 있다.
도 1의 방법(100)은 공정 블록(140)으로 진행될 수 있는 데, 여기서 상기 방법은, 예를 들어 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착함으로써 상기 기판 상에 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함한다. 본 개시의 일부 비제한적인 예시적 구현예들에서, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은 실리콘(Si), 실리콘 게르마늄(SiGe), 실리콘 게르마늄 주석(SiGeSn), 또는 실리콘 탄화물(SiC) 중 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다. 본 개시의 또 다른 구현예들에서, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은, 이들에 제한되지는 않지만, 하나 이상의 도펀트 형성재, 예컨대 인 도핑된 실리콘(Si:P), 붕소 도핑된 실리콘(Si:B), 비소 도핑된 실리콘(Si:As), 갈륨 도핑된 실리콘(Si:Ga), 인 도핑된 실리콘 게르마늄(SiGe:P), 붕소 도핑된 실리콘 게르마늄(SiGe:B), 비소 도핑된 실리콘 게르마늄(SiGe:As), 갈륨 도핑된 실리콘 게르마늄(SiGe:Ga), 인 도핑된 실리콘 게르마늄 주석(SiGeSn:P), 붕소 도핑된 실리콘 게르마늄 주석(SiGeSn:B), 비소 도핑된 실리콘 게르마늄 주석(SiGeSn:As), 또는 갈륨 도핑된 실리콘 게르마늄 주석(SiGeSn:Ga)을 포함할 수 있다.
본원에 제시된 개시의 예시적 구현예들은 낮아진 증착 온도에서 높은 도펀트 농도를 갖는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층들의 형성을 허용할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 형성은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 형성 단계를 포함할 수 있고, 여기서 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층 내 도펀트 농도는 1 평방 cm 당 3 × 1021개의 원자를 초과하거나, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층 내 도펀트 농도는 1 평방 cm 당 1 × 1021개의 원자를 초과하거나, 심지어 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층 내 도펀트 농도는 1 평방 cm 당 1 × 1020개의 원자를 초과한다. 본 개시의 비제한적인 예시적 구현예로서, 상기 방법(100)은 1 평방 cm 당 3 × 1021개의 원자를 초과하는 인 도펀트 농도를 갖는 실리콘 에피택셜층을 형성할 수 있다.
낮은 증착 온도에서 높은 도펀트 농도를 갖는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법들을 제공하는 것 외에도, 본 개시의 방법들은 완전히 변형된 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 제공할 수 있다. 바꾸어 말하면, 본 개시의 방법은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하는 단계를 포함할 수 있고, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계는 완전히 변형된 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계를 더 포함한다. 이러한 방법에서, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은 아래에 놓인 결정질 기판 또는 재료까지 완전히 변형되므로, 결정질 구조에서 변형 완화 과정으로 인하여 형성되는 전위들이 적어도 실질적으로 없게 된다.
상기 방법(100)은 기판 상에 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 약 15 nm를 초과하는 두께, 또는 약 30 nm를 초과하는 두께, 또는 약 50 nm를 초과하는 두께, 또는 심지어 약 100 nm를 초과하는 두께까지 형성하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 본 개시의 방법들은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 50 nm를 초과하는 두께로 증착하기 위한 방법들을 제공할 수 있고, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은 완전히 변형되고 적어도 실질적으로는 변형 완화가 없다. 본 개시의 다른 구현예들에서, 방법들은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 75 nm를 초과하는 두께로 증착하기 위한 방법들을 제공할 수 있고, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은 완전히 변형되고 적어도 실질적으로는 변형 완화가 없다. 본 개시의 또 다른 구현예들에서, 방법들은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 100 nm를 초과하는 두께로 증착하기 위한 방법들을 제공할 수 있고, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은 완전히 변형되고 적어도 실질적으로는 변형 완화가 없다.
상기 방법(100)은 기판 위에 두께 균일도가 개선된 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하는 단계도 포함할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 방법들은 3% 미만의 1-시그마의 두께 불균일도를 갖는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 본 개시의 구현예들에 의해 형성된 실리콘 함유 에피택셜막의 표면 거칠기는 100 마이크론 × 100 마이크론의 측정 면적에 대하여 원자력 현미경(AFM)으로 측정될 수 있다.
앞서 기술된 이점들 외에도, 본 개시의 구현예들은 에피택셜층 내에서 높은 도펀트 농도를 여전히 유지하면서 이전에 기술된 증착율보다 더 높은 증착율로 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성, 즉 증착하기 위한 방법들도 제공할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 방법(100)은 약 50 Å/분을 초과하는 성장율, 또는 75 Å/분을 초과하는 성장율, 또는 100 Å/분을 초과하는 성장율, 또는 심지어 125 Å/분을 초과하는 성장율로 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착하기 위한 방법들을 제공할 수 있다. 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 성장율은 선택적 성장 공정 또는 비선택적 성장 공정을 제공하기 위해 증착 공정 파라미터들의 선택에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 선택적 성장 공정을 제공하도록 공정 파라미터들이 선택되는 구현예들에서, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 성장율은 약 50 Å/분을 초과할 수 있고, 반면에 비선택적 성장 공정을 제공하도록 공정 파라미터들이 선택되면, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 성장율은 약 130 Å/분을 초과할 수 있다. 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 선택적 성장 공정 또는 비선택적 성장 공정을 제공하기 위한 공정 파라미터들은 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층의 증착에 사용되는 가스 혼합물의 조성에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 예를 들어, 선택적 성장 공정은 증착 공정 동안 할로겐 성분을 포함하는 가스 혼합물을 사용할 수 있고, 반면에 비선택적 성장 공정은 증착 공정 동안 할로겐 성분을 아주 적게 포함하거나 전혀 포함하지 않는 가스 혼합물을 사용할 수 있다. 본원에 기술된 바와 같이, 선택적 성장(또는 증착) 공정은 기판이 둘 이상의 상이한 표면들을 포함하는 성장 공정을 포함할 수 있고, 상기 선택적 성장 공정은 다른 표면에 대하여 하나의 표면에게 선택적일 수 있다. 예를 들어, 일부 구현예들에서, 본원에 기술된 선택적 성장 공정은 실리콘 산화물 표면, 실리콘 질화물 표면, 또는 실리콘 표면에게 선택적일 수 있다.
본 개시의 비제한적인 예시적 구현예로서, 방법들은 약 100 Å/분을 초과하는 증착율에서 1 평방 cm 당 3 Х 1021개의 원자들을 초과하는 도펀트 농도를 갖는 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 제공할 수 있다.
본 개시의 구현예들은 본원에 기술된 방법들로 형성된 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 포함하는 반도체 소자 구조체들도 제공할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 도 2는 반도체 소자 구조체(200)의 비제한적 예를 도시하는 데, 여기서 반도체 소자 구조체는 통상적으로 FinFET으로 지칭되는, 부분적으로 제조된 이중 게이트 MOSFET을 포함한다. 반도체 소자 구조체(200)는 기판(202), 초기 Fin 구조체(204) 및 본 개시의 구현예들에 의해 형성된 이차 Fin층(206)을 포함할 수 있다. 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 이차 Fin층(206)은 1 평방 cm 당 3 × 1021개의 원자들을 초과하는 도펀트 농도를 갖는 실리콘 에피택셜층을 포함할 수 있다. 본 개시의 일부 구현예들에서, 이차 Fin층(206)은 선택적 증착 공정을 이용하여 증착될 수 있다.
위에 설명된 본 개시의 예시적 구현예들은 본 발명의 구현예들의 예시일 뿐이기 때문에 이들 구현예들은 첨부된 청구범위 및 그의 법적 등가물에 의해 정의되는 본 발명의 범주를 제한하지 않는다. 임의의 등가적인 실시예들은 본 발명의 범주 내에 있도록 의도된다. 확실하게, 본원에 도시되고 기재된 것 외에도, 기재된 요소들의 선택적인 유용한 조합과 같은 본 발명의 다양한 변경은 설명으로부터 당업자에게 분명할 수 있다. 이러한 변경 및 실시예들도 첨부된 청구범위의 범주 내에 있는 것으로 의도된다.
Claims (20)
- 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 형성하기 위한 방법으로서,
약 950℃ 미만의 온도로 기판을 가열하는 단계;
상기 기판을 수소첨가된 실리콘 공급원을 포함하는 제1 실리콘 공급원, 제2 실리콘 공급원, 도펀트 공급원, 및 할로겐 공급원에게 노출시키는 단계; 및
실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층 내 도펀트 농도는 1 평방 cm 당 3 Х 1021개의 원자들을 초과하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 실란(SiH4), 디실란(Si2H6), 트리실란(Si3H8), 또는 테트라실란(Si4H10) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 수소첨가된 실리콘 공급원을 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 염소첨가된 실리콘 공급원을 포함하는 상기 제2 실리콘 공급원을 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 모노클로로실란(MCS), 디클로로실란(DCS), 트리클로로실란(TCS), 헥사클로로실란(HODS), 옥타클로로실란(OCTS), 또는 실리콘 테트라클로라이드(STC) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 염소첨가된 실리콘 전구체를 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 인, 붕소, 비소, 갈륨, 알루미늄, 주석 또는 게르마늄 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 도펀트 공급원을 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 염화수소(HCl) 또는 염소(Cl2) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 할로겐 소스를 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은 3% 미만의 1-시그마 두께 뷸균일도를 갖는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 약 50 Å/분을 초과하는 성장율로 증착하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 약 125 Å/분을 초과하는 성장율로 증착하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계는 완전히 변형된 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층은 Si, Si:P, Si:B, Si:B:C, SiGe, SiGe:C. SiGe:P, SiGe:B, SiGeSn:P, 또는 SiGeSn:B 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 100 nm를 초과하는 두께로 증착하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항의 방법에 의해 형성된 실리콘 함유 에피택셜층을 포함하는 반도체 소자 구조체.
- 화학 기상 증착으로 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 형성하는 방법으로서,
반응 챔버 내에 배치된 기판을 약 950℃를 초과하는 온도까지 가열하는 단계;
상기 기판을 가스 혼합물에 노출시키는 단계로서, 상기 가스 혼합물은:
실란을 포함하는 제1 실리콘 공급원;
염소첨가된 실리콘 공급원을 포함하는 제2 실리콘 공급원;
할로겐 공급원; 및
도펀트 공급원을 포함하는, 단계; 및
상기 기판 위에 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층 내 도펀트 농도는 1 평방 cm 당 3 × 1021개의 원자들을 초과하는, 방법. - 제14항에 있어서, 모노클로로실란(MCS), 디클로로실란(DCS), 트리클로로실란(TCS), 헥사클로로실란(HODS), 옥타클로로실란(OCTS), 또는 실리콘 테트라클로라이드(STC) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 염소첨가된 실리콘 전구체를 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 인, 붕소, 비소, 갈륨, 알루미늄, 주석 또는 게르마늄 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 도펀트 공급원을 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 염화수소(HCl) 또는 염소(Cl2) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 할로겐 소스를 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 약 100 Å/분을 초과하는 성장율로 증착하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계는 완전히 변형되고 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 증착하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제14항의 방법에 의해 형성된, 도핑된 실리콘 에피택셜층을 포함하는 반도체 소자 구조체.
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