PT2031149E - Revestimento para pavimento consistindo em painéis de soalho rígidos, e procedimento para fabricação de tais painéis de soalho - Google Patents
Revestimento para pavimento consistindo em painéis de soalho rígidos, e procedimento para fabricação de tais painéis de soalho Download PDFInfo
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- PT2031149E PT2031149E PT08075888T PT08075888T PT2031149E PT 2031149 E PT2031149 E PT 2031149E PT 08075888 T PT08075888 T PT 08075888T PT 08075888 T PT08075888 T PT 08075888T PT 2031149 E PT2031149 E PT 2031149E
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- floor panel
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27C—PLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TURNING OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
- B27C5/00—Machines designed for producing special profiles or shaped work, e.g. by rotary cutters; Equipment therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D5/00—Other working of veneer or plywood specially adapted to veneer or plywood
- B27D5/006—Trimming, chamfering or bevelling edgings, e.g. lists
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27F—DOVETAILED WORK; TENONS; SLOTTING MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES
- B27F1/00—Dovetailed work; Tenons; Making tongues or grooves; Groove- and- tongue jointed work; Finger- joints
- B27F1/02—Making tongues or grooves, of indefinite length
- B27F1/06—Making tongues or grooves, of indefinite length simultaneously along opposite edges of a board
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/04—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of flooring elements, e.g. parqueting blocks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/02005—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips
- E04F15/02011—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips with joint fillings integrated in the flooring elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/02005—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips
- E04F15/02016—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips with sealing elements between flooring elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
- E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
- F16B5/0008—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge
- F16B5/0012—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge a tongue on the edge of one sheet, plate or panel co-operating with a groove in the edge of another sheet, plate or panel
- F16B5/0016—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge a tongue on the edge of one sheet, plate or panel co-operating with a groove in the edge of another sheet, plate or panel with snap action
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
- F16B5/008—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by a rotating or sliding and rotating movement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04F15/02033—Joints with beveled or recessed upper edges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
- E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
- E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
- E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
- E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
- E04F2201/0115—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges with snap action of the edge connectors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
- E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
- E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
- E04F2201/0146—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane with snap action of the edge connectors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
- E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
- E04F2201/0153—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
- E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
- E04F2201/0153—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement
- E04F2201/0161—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement with snap action of the edge connectors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
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- E04F2201/023—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with a continuous tongue or groove
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
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- E04F2201/026—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with rabbets, e.g. being stepped
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/16—Two dimensionally sectional layer
- Y10T428/163—Next to unitary web or sheet of equal or greater extent
- Y10T428/164—Continuous two dimensionally sectional layer
- Y10T428/167—Cellulosic sections [e.g., parquet floor, etc.]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
PE 2031149 -1-
DESCRIÇÃO
"REVESTIMENTO PARA PAVIMENTO CONSISTINDO EM PAINÉIS DE SOALHO RÍGIDOS, E PROCEDIMENTO PARA FABRICAÇÃO DE TAIS PAINÉIS DE SOALHO"
Esta invenção diz respeito a um painel de soalho laminado.
Como é bem sabido, tais painéis de soalho podem ser aplicados de diversas maneiras.
De acordo com uma primeira possibilidade, os painéis de soalho são fixados no pavimento subjacente, quer por colagem quer pregando-os. Esta técnica tem como desvantagem o facto de ser bastante complicada, e de as alterações posteriores só poderem ser feitas quebrando os painéis de soalho.
De acordo com uma segunda possibilidade, os painéis de soalho são instalados de forma solta por cima do chão subjacente, em que os painéis de soalho se encaixam mutuamente uns nos outros por intermédio de um friso e de um sulco de acoplamento, sendo que, na maior parte das vezes, também são conjuntamente colados no friso e no sulco. O pavimento obtida desta forma, também designado por piso em parquet flutuante, tem como vantagem o facto de ser fácil de instalar, e de toda a superfície do pavimento se -2- PE 2031149 poder mover, o que é muitas vezes conveniente a fim de acomodar eventuais fenómenos de expansão e de contracção.
Uma das principais desvantagens de um revestimento para pavimento do tipo atrás referido consiste em que, estando os painéis de soalho instalados de forma solta por cima do chão subjacente, durante a expansão do pavimento e a sua posterior contracção, os próprios painéis de soalho se podem afastar uns dos outros, tendo como resultado a formação de indesejáveis juntas, por exemplo no caso de as ligações coladas serem quebradas. A fim de remediar este inconveniente, foram já concebidas técnicas em que são instalados elementos de ligação feitos em metal entre os painéis de soalho individuais, a fim de mantê-los conjuntamente unidos. No entanto, tais elementos de ligação são bastante dispendiosos em termos de fabrico e, além disso, o seu aprovisionamento ou a sua instalação constitui uma tarefa consumidora de tempo.
Exemplos de modelos de realização onde se aplicam tais elementos de ligação metálicos encontram-se descritos, entre outros, nos documentos WO 94/26999 e WO 93/13280.
Por outro lado, são já conhecidos acoplamentos que permitem uma montagem por pressão de partes de soalho umas nas outras, por exemplo a partir dos documentos WO 94/1628, WO 96/27719 e WO 96/27721. No entanto, o efeito de -3- PE 2031149 montagem conjunta por pressão obtido com estes modelos de realização não garante uma acção preventiva, optimizada a 100 por cento, contra o desenvolvimento de espaços entre os painéis de soalho, especialmente porque, na realidade, deverão sempre existir folgas bem definidas, a fim de garantir que a montagem conjunta por pressão é possível. A partir do documento GB 424 057 é já conhecido um acoplamento para peças de parquet que, atendendo à natureza do acoplamento, só é apropriado para parquet de madeira maciça.
Além disso, existem também acoplamentos para painéis já conhecidos a partir dos documentos GB 2117 813, 2 256 023 e DE 3 544 845. Contudo, estes acoplamentos não são apropriados para a ligação de painéis de soalho. O prospecto da empresa Fibo-Trespo "Revolution at floor levei", distribuído na Feira Domotex de 1996 em Hannover, e o prospecto da empresa Fibo-Trespo "Alloc-Der Laminatboden, der ohne Leim Verlegt wird" descrevem um painel de soalho laminado rectangular apresentando um núcleo feito em MDF/HDF. Em pares de lados opostos, o painel está equipado com zonas de acoplamento sob a forma de um friso e de um sulco. Uma tira de alumínio define o lábio inferior do sulco. A tira de alumínio estende-se para lá do lábio superior do sulco e dispõe de uma protuberância que se encaixa num sulco, na superfície inferior de um painel adjacente. -4- PE 2031149 0 documento JP 07 300979 A descreve um painel de soalho rectangular que pode ser feito em placa de MDF. Ao longo dos seus lados compridos, o painel está equipado com zonas de acoplamento sob a forma de um friso e de um sulco. O sulco é delimitado por um lábio superior e um lábio inferior, estendendo-se o lábio inferior para lá do lábio superior. As zonas de acoplamento apresentam formatos tais que dois painéis podem ser encaixados um dentro do outro por um movimento angular. Ao longo dos seus lados curtos, o painel dispõe de uma junta "drop-in". O documento JP 08 109734 A descreve um painel de soalho lenhoso que pode ser feito em placa de MDF. Num determinado modelo de realização, as superfícies terminais opostas do painel estão equipadas com uma projecção e um sulco. A ponta da projecção possui uma zona de bloqueio em madeira ou material sintético, e uma fenda estende-se a partir da ponta entrando na projecção. O sulco apresenta uma reentrância dentro da qual se encaixa a zona de bloqueio da projecção. É proporcionada uma folga de 0,3 mm a 0,4 mm entre as adjacentes superfícies terminais superiores dos painéis acoplados, para permitir a expansão e a contracção dos painéis. O documento JP 03 169967 A descreve um painel de soalho rectangular possuindo um elemento de base feito em resina sintética flexível, por cima do qual é laminada uma folha decorativa lenhosa. Ao longo dos seus lados compridos, o painel está equipado com um friso e um sulco. -5- PE 2031149 0 friso apresenta uma protuberância na sua superfície inferior que é apropriada para ser montada por pressão dentro de uma reentrância no lábio inferior do sulco. A invenção tem por objectivo obter painéis de soalho que possam ser acoplados uns aos outros de uma forma optimizada, graças aos quais serão preferencialmente evitados um ou mais dos inconvenientes atrás citados. A invenção visa também obter um revestimento do pavimento que apresente como vantagem o facto de não poderem ser cometidos erros durante a sua instalação, como por exemplo a criação de folgas e espaços semelhantes.
Além disso, a invenção também visa obter um revestimento do pavimento em que fique excluído o subsequente desenvolvimento de folgas ou, pelo menos, contrariado de uma forma optimizada, pelo que também fica minimizada a possibilidade de haver penetração de sujidade e de humidade.
Para este objectivo, a invenção diz respeito a um painel de soalho, tal como reivindicado nas reivindicações anexas, bem como a revestimentos de pavimento apresentados na descrição que se segue.
De acordo com certos modelos de realização, o lábio inferior apresenta, ao longo de toda a sua espessura, a mesma estrutura do material do próprio painel. -6- PE 2031149
Dado o facto de as zonas de acoplamento proporcionarem um bloqueio sem folgas, bem como graças ao facto de estas zonas de acoplamento serem fabricadas numa peça única a partir do material de base dos painéis de soalho, consegue-se sempre garantir uma ligação perfeita entre painéis de soalho adjacentes, mesmo considerando as repetidas expansões e contracções da superfície do pavimento.
Nos modelos de realização descritos, em que as mencionadas zonas de acoplamento são disponibilizadas em pelo menos um par de bordas, e numa versão preferida dos mesmos em que os painéis consistem em painéis alongados, tais zonas de acoplamento devem ser aplicadas ao longo dos lados longitudinais destes painéis.
De acordo com um modelo de realização particular, as zonas de acoplamento também são disponibilizadas nos outros dois lados, quer correspondendo ou não a outra construção.
Para fabrico do núcleo deve-se recorrer às chamadas placas de HDF (High Density Fibreboard) ou de MDF (Médium Density Fibreboard). O facto de a invenção ser aplicada em painéis de soalho cujo material base consiste nos materiais anteriormente descritos apresenta a vantagem de, através de um processamento desse material, serem obtidas superfícies -7- PE 2031149 muito lisas onde podem ser realizados acoplamentos muito precisos, o que, em primeira instância, se torna importante no caso de uma ligação conjunta por pressão e/ou uma ligação por rotação, sem folgas. Além disso, podem ser fabricadas formas muito especiais das zonas de acoplamento de uma maneira muito simples, porque os tipos de materiais atrás referidos podem ser processados de modo particularmente fácil.
As superfícies obtidas com HDF e MDF também têm a vantagem de os painéis de soalho poderem ser mutuamente deslocados sem dificuldade um ao longo do outro numa situação de encravamento, mesmo quando encaixados com uma determinada força tensora. O inventor também descobriu que os materiais atrás mencionados, ou seja o HDF e o MDF, apresentam caracteristicas ideais a fim de realizar uma ligação, tal como é reivindicado nas reivindicações, já que estes materiais apresentam as devidas caracteristicas no que diz respeito à deformação elástica, a fim de, por um lado, produzir um efeito de montagem conjunta por pressão e, por outro lado, acomodar forças de expansão e de contracção de uma forma elástica, pelo que é evitado que os painéis de soalho se venham a desencaixar, ou fiquem danificados de forma irreparável. O revestimento de pavimento será de preferência formado através da junção dos painéis de soalho, uns aos -8- PE 2031149 outros, sem cola. Desta forma, as ligações são de natureza tal que os painéis de soalho podem ser desmontados sem ser danificados, pelo que, por exemplo quando houver uma mudança, eles possam ser levados a fim de ser novamente colocados. No entanto, deve ser esclarecido que não está excluída uma colagem entre friso e sulco.
Como é evidente, a invenção também diz respeito a painéis de soalho que permitem a realização do atrás mencionado revestimento de pavimento.
No que se vai seguir, e com o intuito de melhor ilustrar as características de acordo com a invenção, serão descritos diversos modelos de realização preferidos, a título de exemplo e sem carácter limitativo, fazendo referência aos desenhos anexos em que: a Figura 1 representa um painel de soalho de um revestimento de pavimento de acordo com a invenção; a Figura 2 representa, em escala ampliada, uma secção de corte realizada através do plano II-II da Figura 1; as Figuras 3 e 4 ilustram a forma como dois painéis de soalho, com zonas de acoplamento de acordo com a Figura 2, se encaixam um dentro do outro; a Figura 5 representa, em escala ampliada, uma secção de corte realizada através do plano V-V da Figura 1; as Figuras 6 e 7 ilustram a forma como dois painéis de soalho, com zonas de acoplamento de acordo com a Figura 5, vão acertar um dentro do outro; -9- PE 2031149 as Figuras 8 a 11 representam um certo número de alternativas para as zonas de acoplamento dos painéis de soalho, mas não de acordo com a invenção; a Figura 12 representa esquematicamente a forma como as zonas de acoplamento podem ser construídas nos painéis de soalho; a Figura 13 representa uma secção de corte realizada através do plano xiii-xm da Figura 12; as Figuras 14 a 21 representam, numa escala ampliada e em secção de corte, a penetração das fresas que estão identificadas na Figura 12 através das setas F14 a F21; a Figura 22 representa um painel de soalho de acordo com a invenção; a Figura 23 representa, numa escala ampliada, o acoplamento de dois painéis de soalho da Figura 22; as Figuras 24 e 25 representam duas maneiras de acoplar entre si painéis de soalho de acordo com a Figura 22. A invenção diz respeito a um revestimento para pavimento que é composto por painéis de soalho rígidos 1 como os que se mostram, por exemplo, na Figura 1.
Estes painéis de soalho 1 podem assumir diversos formatos, por exemplo rectangular ou quadrado, ou serem de qualquer outra forma.
No modelo de realização com maior grau de -10- PE 2031149 preferência, os painéis devem ser fabricados segundo um formato alongado, como se mostra na Figura 1, com um comprimento de, por exemplo, 1 a 2 metros. Pelo seu lado, a espessura também pode variar, mas situar-se-á entre 0,5 cm e 1,5 cm, sendo em particular de 0,8 cm.
Cada painel de soalho 1 estará equipado, pelo menos nas bordas de dois lados opostos 2-3, com zonas de acoplamento 4-5 permitindo que dois painéis de soalho 1 adjacentes possam ser acoplados um ao outro.
De acordo com a invenção, as zonas de acoplamento 4-5, tal como estão representadas nas Figuras 2 a 4, dispõem de meios de bloqueio mecânico 6 nelas integradas, que impedem o afastamento entre dois painéis 1 acoplados, segundo uma direcção D perpendicular aos correspondentes lados 2-3 e paralela ao lado de baixo 7 dos painéis de soalho 1 acoplados; as zonas de acoplamento 4-5 e os meios de bloqueio 6 são constituídos numa peça única em conjunto com o núcleo 8 dos painéis de soalho 1; as zonas de acoplamento 4-5 assumem um formato tal que dois painéis de soalho 1 subsequentes possam ser encaixados um no outro, exclusivamente através de uma montagem conjunta por pressão e/ou rotação, em que cada painel de soalho 1 subsequente pode ser lateralmente inserido dentro do precedente; e as zonas de acoplamento 4-5 promovem um encravamento sem folgas, segundo qualquer uma das direcções do plano que fica perpendicularmente situado relativamente às bordas atrás referidas. -11- PE 2031149
No caso de painéis de soalho 1 com um formato alongado, como se representa na Figura 1, as correspondentes zonas de acoplamento 4-5 ficam localizadas nos lados longitudinais 2-3.
As zonas de acoplamento 4-5 poderão ser executadas de várias formas, embora as formas básicas para as mesmas sejam sempre compostas por um friso 9 e um sulco 10.
Nos modelos de realização das Figuras 2 a 4, o respectivo painel de soalho 1 está equipado com zonas de acoplamento 4-5 e meios de bloqueio 6, com os quais se conseguem encaixar mutuamente dois painéis de soalho 1, por intermédio de um movimento de rotação, sem que haja azo à ocorrência de qualquer efeito de montagem conjunta por pressão.
No exemplo representado, os meios de bloqueio 9 consistem num primeiro elemento de bloqueio 11, constituído por uma protuberância com uma forma de curva arredondada no lado de baixo 12 do friso 9, e num segundo elemento de bloqueio 13, constituído por uma concavidade com uma forma encurvada em vazio na parede inferior 14 do sulco 10.
Os elementos de bloqueio 11-13 garantem que os dois painéis de soalho 1, que estão acoplados um ao outro, não consigam realizar um movimento lateral no plano horizontal, um em relação ao outro. -12- PE 2031149 A fim de se conseguir que os dois painéis de soalho 1 possam ser inseridos um dentro do outro por intermédio de um movimento de rotação, as curvaturas irão preferivelmente assumir um formato de circulo. O lado de baixo 12 tem uma curvatura com um raio Rl, cujo centro coincide com a correspondente aresta superior 15 do painel de soalho 1, enquanto a parede inferior 14 apresenta uma curvatura com um raio R2, que é igual ao raio Rl, mas em que o seu centro coincide com a correspondente aresta superior 16. Também podem ser aplicados raios Rl e R2 que sejam maiores ou menores do que a distância até às respectivas arestas superiores 15, 16, e/ou que difiram um do outro no que se refere ao tamanho. 0 lado de cima 17 do friso 9 e a parede superior 18 do sulco 10 serão preferencialmente planos, ficando de preferência situados no plano horizontal.
Os lados da frente 19 e 20 do friso 9 e do sulco 10 de dois painéis de soalho 1 encravados não se irão de preferência encostar de forma ajustada um contra o outro, de maneira a que seja criado um espaço intermediário 21, para dentro do qual poderão ser empurrados eventuais restos de pó ou outras sujidades, por intermédio do friso 9. 0 friso 9 e o sulco 10 irão de preferência apresentar formatos que sejam complementares entre si, de modo que o friso 9, na situação em que os dois painéis de soalho 1 estão encaixados, se vá encostar perfeitamente -13- PE 2031149 contra a parede superior 18 e a parede inferior 14 do sulco 10, pelo que, uma pressão P que seja exercida sobre o lábio superior 22 será recebida não apenas por este lábio 22 mas por toda a estrutura, já que essa pressão poderá ser transmitida através do friso 9 e do lábio inferior 23. É no entanto evidente que uma série de pequenos desvios em relação a estes formatos complementares podem ocorrer, os quais, de qualquer maneira, não têm nenhuma consequência, ou quase nenhuma, sobre a recepção e a transmissão de forças de pressão. Por exemplo, pode ser proporcionado um chanfro 24 e uma reentrância 25, como se representa nas Figuras 2 a 4, em resultado dos quais se consegue que os subsequentes painéis de soalho 1 possam facilmente ser empurradas um para dentro do outro, de tal maneira que não existam eventuais arestas salientes ou impedimentos semelhantes que tornem dificil uma boa inserção.
Como se representa nas Figuras 5 a 7, os painéis de soalho 1 de acordo com a invenção também podem estar equipados com zonas de acoplamento 28-29, ao longo dos lados 26-27 que fazem ângulo recto com os lados 2-3, que dispõem igualmente de meios de bloqueio 30. As zonas de acoplamento 28-29 serão também de preferência constituídas sob a forma de um friso de 31 e um sulco 32. Neste caso, os meios de bloqueio 30 não têm que ser da mesma natureza que os meios de bloqueio 6. -14- PE 2031149
De preferência, serão aplicados meios de bloqueio nos lados 26-27 que permitam um encaixe e encravamento somente por intermédio de um movimento de translação T, como se representa nas Figuras 6 e 7. Para este objectivo, os meios de bloqueio 30 consistem numa montagem conjunta por pressão com elementos de bloqueio 33 e 34 que se irão prender um atrás do outro.
Como se representa nas Figuras 5 a 7, o elemento de bloqueio 33 consiste numa protuberância do lado de baixo 35 do friso 31, que pode vir a alojar-se numa reentrância 36 na parede inferior 37 do sulco 32. O elemento de bloqueio 34 é constituído pela parte dirigida no sentido ascendente que limita a reentrância 36.
Neste caso, os elementos de bloqueio 33-34 dispõem de planos de contacto 38-39 que são paralelos entre si e, de preferência, se estendem de maneira inclinada segundo uma direcção que simplifica a montagem conjunta por pressão. A linha tangente L, que é definida pelos planos de contacto 38-39, irá aqui fazer um ângulo A com o lado de baixo 7 que é inferior a 90°.
Os elementos de bloqueio 33-34 irão preferencialmente apresentar troços inclinados 40 e 41 que, aquando do encaixe de dois painéis de soalho 1, trabalham em cooperação um com o outro, de tal maneira que os elementos de bloqueio 33-34 podem facilmente ser empurrados um por cima do outro até que se prendam um atrás do outro, -15- PE 2031149 por meio de um efeito de montagem conjunta por pressão. A espessura W1 do friso 31 será de preferência igual à largura W do sulco 32, de tal forma que, quando for exercida uma pressão P, o lábio superior 42 é apoiado pelo friso 31 que, por sua vez, será então apoiado pelo lábio inferior 43.
Nas bordas 28-29 serão igualmente proporcionados um chanfro 44 e uma reentrância 45, idênticos ao chanfro 24 e reentrância 25.
Refira-se que uma destas montagens conjuntas por pressão pode também ser aplicada nas bordas 2-3. Nestas circunstâncias, ela poderá consistir numa montagem conjunta por pressão análoga à das Figuras 5 a 7, mas ela também poderá ser uma montagem conjunta por pressão em que sejam aplicados outros tipos de zonas de acoplamento, como as que estão representadas por exemplo nas Figuras 8 e 9. Ao contrário dos elementos de bloqueio 33-34 que consistem em protuberâncias bastante localizadas, nos modelos de realização ilustrados pelas Figuras 8 e 9 são utilizados elementos de bloqueio 46-47 que, em comparação com a largura total B do acoplamento, se estendem ao longo de uma distância muito considerável.
Neste caso, os elementos de bloqueio 46-47 são também disponibilizados no lado de baixo 12 do friso 9 e na parede inferior 14 do sulco 10. -16- PE 2031149
De acordo com a Figura 8, os elementos de bloqueio 46-47 dispõem de superfícies de contacto 48-49, que fazem um certo ângulo com o plano do painel de soalho 1. Nestas circunstâncias, obtém-se um acoplamento que fica encravado de uma maneira particularmente fixa.
Conforme se representa na Figura 9, os elementos de bloqueio 46-47 irão ser possivelmente executados de tal maneira que, no essencial, apenas se obtém um contacto linear, por exemplo dado o facto de as superfícies de contacto que estão viradas uma para a outra serem construídas com diferentes curvaturas.
As superfícies dos elementos de bloqueio 46-47 que estão viradas uma para a outra irão consequentemente consistir em superfícies curvas. A linha tangente L faz um ângulo A que será menor que 90° e, melhor ainda, menor que 70° .
Neste caso, o elemento de bloqueio 46 irá de preferência apresentar dois troços com uma curvatura diferente: por um lado, um troço 50 com uma curvatura mais acentuada e, por outro lado, um troço 51 com uma curvatura mais reduzida. O troço 50 com a curvatura mais acentuada proporciona a concretização de um acoplamento firme. O troço 51 com a curvatura mais reduzida permite que as zonas de acoplamento 4-5 possam ser introduzidas uma dentro da outra com facilidade. O espaço intermediário S constitui uma câmara que disponibiliza espaço para que o pó e outras -17- PE 2031149 sujidades aí se possam eventualmente alojar, ao encaixar dois painéis de soalho 1. A título de exemplo, no caso de uma montagem conjunta por pressão tal como representada nas Figuras 7 a 9, será de preferência sempre o friso 9-31 a apresentar um formato que vai engrossando em direcção ao lado de baixo, o qual pode trabalhar em cooperação com uma parte alargada no sulco 10.
Na Figura 10, está representada uma alternativa na qual é disponibilizado um material de vedação 52, pelo menos à altura das arestas superiores 15-16, em resultado do qual se pode garantir uma vedação estanque relativamente à água. Este material de vedação 52 pode consistir numa tira ou capa que é previamente aplicada no painel de soalho 1, quer apenas numa quer em ambas as arestas superiores 15-16.
Na Figura 11, é representada uma outra alternativa, através da qual os meios de bloqueio 6 são formados por uma parte 53 do friso 9 que está virada no sentido ascendente, a qual, como consequência de um movimento de rotação, é trazida para baixo de uma parte 54 da parede superior 18 que está virada no sentido descendente. Mais especificamente, esta configuração é obtida executando respectivamente o lado de cima 17 e a parede superior 18 com uma certa curvatura R3, cujo centro se encontra situado nas arestas 15-16, e o lado de baixo 12 -18- PE 2031149 e a parede inferior 14 eom outra curvatura de raio R4, cujo centro fica também situado nas arestas superiores 15 e 16. Estes raios R3 e R4 podem igualmente ser escolhidos de outra forma.
Em geral, de acordo com a invenção, a diferença, por um lado respectivamente entre os raios Rl e R3 e, por outro lado respectivamente entre os raios R2 e R4, não deverá, de preferência, ser superior a 2 mm. Também será preferível que os centros destes raios fiquem situados respectivamente dentro dos circulos Cl, C2, definidos por um raio R5 de 3 mm em redor respectivamente das arestas superiores 15, 16, como é por exemplo ilustrado na Figura 2.
Refira-se por último que, de acordo com a invenção, o lábio inferior 23-43, tal como representado nas Figuras 2 a 7, é executado de modo a ficar mais comprido do que o lábio superior 22-42. Isto tem como vantagem o facto de as zonas de acoplamento 4-5-28-29 poderem ser realizadas de uma maneira mais fácil, através de uma fresa ou de uma máquina equivalente. Além disso, isso irá simplificar o encaixe dos dois painéis de soalho 1, pois, durante a instalação cada painel de soalho 1 subsequente, este poderá ser aplicado por cima do lábio inferior 23-43 que estará saliente, daqui resultando que o friso 9-31 e o sulco 10-32 ficam automaticamente posicionados um em frente do outro.
Por sua vez, os modelos de realização em que o -19- PE 2031149 lábio inferior 23 é igual ou mais pequeno do que o lábio superior 22 oferecem a vantagem de não ficar qualquer parte saliente de lábio 23 no rebordo de extremidade do pavimento, que possa vir a causar problemas em termos de acabamento. A fim de permitir uma montagem suave, no intuito de garantir a necessária estabilidade e firmeza, e também para limitar a quantidade de material a ser cortado, a diferença E entre o lábio superior 22-42 e o lábio inferior 23 -43, medida no plano do painel de soalho e perpendicular à direcção longitudinal do sulco 10, deverá ser mantida num valor que seja menor do que uma vez a espessura total F do painel de soalho 1. Por questões de estabilidade, normalmente esta espessura total F nunca deverá ser inferior a 5 mm. A pequena dimensão da diferença E tem como vantagem o facto de o lábio inferior não precisar de ser consolidado por uma tira de reforço, ou solução semelhante.
De acordo com um determinado modelo de realização, a linha central Ml que atravessa o friso 9 e o sulco 10 fica situada mais abaixo do que o eixo central M2 do painel de soalho 1, pelo que o lábio superior 22-42 é mais espesso do que o lábio inferior 23-43. Em primeira instância, isto é essencial neste tipo de ligações pois assim será o lábio inferior 23-43 aquele que é flexionado, pelo que o lado superior do painel de soalho 1 é mantido -20- PE 2031149 livre de possíveis deformações. A invenção mostra sua utilidade, em primeiro lugar com pavimentos laminados, devido às razões explicadas na introdução.
Como representado nos exemplos das Figuras 2 a 11, tais pavimentos laminados consistem num núcleo 8 feito em placa de MDF, placa de HDF, ou material semelhante, em que são disponibilizadas uma ou mais camadas de material, pelo menos no lado de cima deste núcleo 8.
Mais em particular, será preferível que os pavimentos laminados disponham de uma camada decorativa 55 e de uma camada de protecção 56 no topo. A camada decorativa 55 será uma camada impregnada com resina, por exemplo feita de papel que possa ser impresso com uma diversidade de padrões, tal como um padrão de madeira, um padrão em forma de pedra, cortiça, ou outra semelhante, ou mesmo com um padrão de fantasia. A camada de protecção 56 no topo irá de preferência também consistir numa camada saturada com resina, por exemplo resina melamínica, feita num material transparente.
Esclareça-se que podem ainda ser aplicadas outras camadas, como por exemplo uma camada intermédia 57 sobre a qual é aplicada a camada decorativa 55.
Uma camada de suporte 58 será aplicada do lado de -21- PE 2031149 baixo 7, constituindo um elemento de contrapeso para as camadas superiores e, consequentemente, garantindo a estabilidade de forma do painel de soalho 1. Esta camada de suporte 58 pode consistir num material, por exemplo papel impregnado com uma resina que poderá ser uma resina melaminica.
Como se representa esquematicamente na Figura 12, o friso 9 e o sulco 10, e de preferência também o friso 31 e o sulco 32, são aplicados por meio de um processo de fresagem. No caso de ter de ser aplicado um perfil ao longo de todos os quatro lados, o painel de soalho 1 deverá de preferência ser deslocado por intermédio de dois movimentos perpendiculares entre si VI e V2; durante o primeiro movimento, são executados perfis em duas bordas opostas, neste caso as bordas longitudinais, por meio dos dispositivos de fresagem 59-60, ao passo que, durante o segundo movimento, são executados perfis nas outras bordas, neste caso as bordas curtas, por meio dos dispositivos de fresagem 61-62. Durante este processamento, os painéis de soalho 1 estarão de preferência colocados com a sua camada decorativa voltada para baixo.
De acordo com uma importante caracteristica da invenção, cada correspondente friso 9-31 e sulco 10-32 são executados por meio de um processo de fresagem com pelo menos dois ciclos de fresagem subsequentes, por meio de fresas que são posicionadas segundo ângulos diferentes em relação ao respectivo painel de soalho 1. -22- PE 2031149
Isto é ilustrado nas Figuras 13, 14 e 15, onde está representada a forma como um sulco 10 é realizado por meio de dois ciclos de fresagem com a ajuda de duas fresas 63 e 64. As Figuras 16 e 17 representam a forma como o friso 9 é realizado com a ajuda das fresas 65 e 66.
As Figuras 18-19 e 20-21 representam vistas semelhantes, mostrando a forma como o sulco 32 e o friso 31 são executados com a ajuda de fresas 67-68 e 69-70, posicionadas segundo um determinado ângulo.
Durante cada um dos atrás mencionados ciclos de fresagem, consegue-se praticamente obter a forma final de um flanco em cada passagem. Por exemplo, a fresa 63 da Figura 14 define a forma final do flanco inferior 71 do sulco 10, enquanto a fresa 64 define a forma final do flanco superior 72.
Como foi mencionado na introdução, devem ser de preferência aplicadas fresas 63 a 72 que apresentem diâmetros G que sejam pelo menos 5 vezes - e, ainda melhor, pelo menos 20 vezes - maiores do que a espessura F dos painéis de soalho 1.
Para além das mencionadas fresas, serão aplicadas de preferência ainda outras fresas, logo durante um primeiro ciclo de maquinagem prévia, por exemplo para retirar uma parte do material a ser removido. -23- PE 2031149
Nas Figuras 22 a 25, está representado um modelo de realização particularmente preferido para um painel de soalho 1, de acordo com a invenção. Nestas Figuras, as peças que são retomadas a partir dos anteriores modelos de realização são identificadas com correspondentes números de referência.
Neste modelo de realização, uma caracteristica importante consiste em que as zonas de acoplamento 4-5 estão equipadas com meios de bloqueio 6 que, na situação de encaixe, exercem uma certa força de tensão um sobre o outro, em consequência da qual os painéis de soalho 1 são empurrados um em direcção ao outro. Conforme se representa, isto será preferencialmente concretizado através da disponibilização das zonas de acoplamento com uma parte elasticamente flexível, neste caso o lábio 43 que, na situação de encaixe, fica pelo menos parcialmente flectido, criando desta forma uma força de tensão que leva a que os painéis de soalho 1 encaixados sejam empurrados um em direcção ao outro. A flexão V daqui resultante, bem como a força de tensão K que ela provoca, são indicados na ampliação da Figura 23 . A fim de conseguir que a força de tensão K obrigue a pressionar conjuntamente os painéis de soalho 1 encaixados, a parte flexível, neste caso o lábio 43, irá de preferência apresentar uma superfície de contacto 73 inclinada para dentro, como representado, que poderá de preferência trabalhar em cooperação com uma correspondente -24- PE 2031149 superfície de contacto 74. Estas superfícies de contacto 73-74 são semelhantes às atrás mencionadas superfícies de contacto 39-38, e também semelhantes às partes inclinadas do lábio inferior das Figuras 2 a 4.
Nas Figuras 2 e 5, as zonas apresentam formatos complementares que se conjugam; deve no entanto esclarecer-se que, através de uma modificação, também pode ser realizado um efeito de tensão semelhante ao da Figura 23.
Os painéis de soalho 1 são conduzidos um de encontro ao outro devido, por um lado, ao contacto sob o ângulo A e, por outro lado, ao facto de ser criada uma força de tensão K tendo uma componente activa de força Kl.
De preferência, o ângulo de contacto A que as superfícies 73-74 fazem em relação ao plano horizontal, situar-se-á entre 30 e 70 graus. Em primeira instância, no caso de se utilizar um modelo de realização em que é produzida uma força de tensão K, um ângulo A de 30 a 70 graus será ideal para, por um lado, concretizar um efeito optimizado de pressão conjunta dos painéis de soalho 1 e, por outro lado, conseguir que os painéis de soalho 1 possam ser facilmente encaixados, e correspondentemente desencaixados.
Embora a força de pressão Kl seja de preferência proporcionada pelo atrás mencionado lábio 43, a invenção não exclui outros modelos de realização em que esta força -25- PE 2031149 seja proporcionada por outras partes flexíveis.
Deve-se referir que a flexão V é relativamente pequena, indo por exemplo desde algumas centésimas de milímetro até vários décimas de milímetro, e não tem uma influência directa relativamente à colocação do revestimento no pavimento. Além disso, refira-se que tal revestimento de pavimento é geralmente colocado sobre uma camada subjacente que é elasticamente compressível, em resultado do que a flexão V do lábio 43 apenas tem como única consequência o facto de a camada subjacente ficar localmente um pouco mais comprimida.
Dado o facto de o lábio 43 ser separadamente flectido e permanecer um pouco separadamente flectido na posição de encaixe, também se obtém a vantagem de, ao exercer uma certa pressão sobre o revestimento do pavimento, por exemplo quando se coloca um objecto sobre ele, a força de compressão conjunta vir reforçada e, nestas circunstâncias, ficar ainda mais contrariado o aparecimento de folgas. E de referir que o inventor descobriu que, contra todas as expectativas, pode ser obtida uma força de tensão ideal ao fabricar em placas de MDF ou placas de HDF as zonas de acoplamento 4-5, incluindo os elementos de bloqueio 33-34 e, de preferência, todo o núcleo 8, embora estes materiais só permitam uma pequena deformação elástica. Os materiais HDF e MDF também oferecem a vantagem -26- PE 2031149 de serem obtidas superfícies lisas, donde resulta que os elementos de bloqueio podem ser facilmente movidos uns sobre os outros.
De acordo com uma alternativa à invenção, a força de tensão pode também ser proporcionada por meio de uma compressão elástica do material em que são feitas as zonas de acoplamento, sendo que, para isso, estas zonas de acoplamento, e de preferência todo o núcleo 8, terão então de ser fabricadas num material elasticamente compressível.
Uma outra característica particular do modelo de realização das Figuras 22 a 25 reside em que os painéis de soalho 1 podem ser encaixados por intermédio de um movimento de rotação como representado na Figura 24, mas também por intermédio do deslocamento rectilíneo de um em direcção ao outro como representado na Figura 25; de preferência, durante o encaixe por intermédio do movimento de rotação, este será realizado de tal maneira que dele irá resultar uma flexão máxima Vm nas zonas de acoplamento, mais particularmente no lábio 43, sendo esta flexão menos acentuada, ou até inexistente como acontece nas Figuras 2 a 4, em comparação com a flexão Vm que resulta quando os painéis de soalho 1 são encaixados por intermédio do deslocamento rectilíneo de um em direcção ao outro. A vantagem disto consiste em que os painéis de soalho 1 podem ser facilmente encaixados por intermédio de um movimento de rotação, sem necessidade de para isso -27- PE 2031149 recorrer a uma ferramenta, ao mesmo tempo que ainda continua a ser possível encaixar os painéis de soalho igualmente por intermédio do seu deslocamento rectilineo. Esta última hipótese é útil, em primeira instância, quando o último painel tiver de ser colocado parcialmente sob um aro de porta, ou numa situação semelhante. Neste caso, o painel de soalho 1 pode ser empurrado por baixo do aro de porta através do lado que não tem de ser encaixado e, em seguida, eventualmente recorrendo a ferramentas, poderá ser montado por pressão dentro do painel de soalho 1 adjacente.
Note-se que os formatos das zonas de acoplamento 4-5 mostradas nas Figuras 22 a 25 também podem ser usados para as zonas de acoplamento 28-29 dos lados curtos.
De acordo com a invenção, no caso de os quatro lados 2-3-26-27 estarem equipados com zonas de acoplamento 4-5-28-29, estas zonas de acoplamento podem ser executadas de tal maneira que seja realizado um encaixe mais firme segundo uma dada direcção do que na outra direcção. No caso dos painéis de soalho 1 alongados, por exemplo como representado na Figura 1, o bloqueio nos lados curtos 26-27 será de preferência mais acentuado do que nos lados longitudinais 2-3. Nomeadamente porque o comprimento do acoplamento nos lados curtos é mais pequeno e, em principio, menos firme. Isso é compensado ao ser aí proporcionado um bloqueio mais acentuado.
Essa diferença no encaixe pode ser obtida se as -28- PE 2031149 superfícies de contacto 73-74 forem construídas sob ângulos diferentes.
De preferência, a protuberância atrás mencionada, mais especificamente o elemento de bloqueio 33, vai confinar com pelo menos dois troços 75-76, respectivamente um troço 75 com uma forte inclinação que proporciona o bloqueio, e um troço 76 com uma inclinação mais fraca que torna mais fácil o encaixe das zonas de acoplamento. No modelo de realização das Figuras 22 a 25, estes troços 75-76 são constituídos por planos direitos mas, como já foi descrito fazendo referência à Figura 9, também podem ser usados troços curvos 50-51. Na Figura 5, estes consistem na superfície de contacto 38 e no troço inclinado 40.
No modelo de realização preferido, os painéis de soalho 1 de acordo com a invenção compreendem zonas de acoplamento 4-5 e/ou 28-29 apresentando uma das seguintes características, ou a combinação de duas ou mais delas: - uma curvatura 77 no lado de baixo do friso 9 e/ou uma curvatura 78 no lábio 43 que funcionam como guiamento quando os dois painéis de soalho 1 rodam um dentro do outro, com a vantagem de os painéis de soalho 1 poderem ser encaixados com facilidade um dentro do outro, durante a instalação; - arredondamentos 79-80 nas arestas dos elementos de bloqueio 33-34, com a vantagem de os elementos de bloqueio poderem facilmente ser submetidos a um deslocamento rectilíneo um sobre o outro durante a montagem -29- PE 2031149 ou durante a desmontagem dos painéis de soalho 1, e com a vantagem de os elementos de bloqueio não serem danificados, por exemplo esboroando-se nas respectivas arestas, mesmo quando os painéis de soalho são repetidamente montados e desmontados; - câmaras de pó 81, ou espaços 21 como se mostrou na Figura 4, entre todos os lados dos painéis de soalho 1 já encaixados que ficam lateralmente virados uns para os outros, apresentando como vantagem o facto de eventuais inclusões, que se alojem entre os painéis de soalho 1 durante a montagem, não virem a exercer uma influência prejudicial relativamente a um bom encaixe; - um formato para o friso 9 que, devido por exemplo à presença de um chanfro 82, será tal que o lado de cima do friso 9 fica situado por baixo do lado de baixo do lábio superior 42, assim que ocorrer o primeiro contacto, quando os painéis de soalho 1 são empurrados um em direcção ao outro no mesmo nível, como indicado na Figura 25, com a vantagem de a extremidade dianteira do friso 9 não fazer pressão contra o lado da frente do lábio superior 42, quando os painéis de soalho 1 são empurrados um em direcção ao outro no mesmo nível; - uma superfície em rampa 83, que também já foi anteriormente designada por troço inclinado 41, constituída na extremidade livre do lábio inferior 43, com a vantagem de os elementos de bloqueio 33-34 terem um suave deslocamento rectilíneo um sobre o outro, e de o lábio inferior 43 ser uniformemente flectido; constituição de um único ponto importante de -30- PE 2031149 contacto na direcção do encaixe, que é formado por uma secção 84 na localização do lado de cima dos painéis de soalho 1, com a vantagem de a atrás mencionada força de tensão ser transferida de forma optimizada para o lado de cima dos painéis de soalho 1, e de ser contrariado o aparecimento de folgas entre os painéis de soalho 1; superfícies de contacto 85-86, mais concretamente superfícies de encosto, formadas pelo lado de cima do friso 9 e pelo lado de cima do sulco 10 que, ao longo da maior parte do seu comprimento, se desenvolvem paralelamente ao plano que é definido pelos painéis de soalho 1, bem como superfícies de contacto que trabalham em cooperação umas com as outras, formadas por curvaturas 77-78, com a vantagem de não ser possível qualquer deslocamento vertical mútuo entre dois painéis de soalho 1 já encaixados, mesmo que a profundidade de inserção do friso 9 dentro do sulco 10 possa variar seja por que razão for, ou por outras palavras, que não possam ocorrer diferenças de altura entre os painéis de soalho adjacentes.
No modelo de realização das Figuras 22 a 25, todas estas características se encontram combinadas; no entanto, é claro que essas características também podem estar presentes de forma separada, ou numa combinação limitada, como se torna evidente observando as Figuras 2 a 11.
Como se torna evidente a partir das Figuras 5 a 7 e 22 a 25, uma característica importante do modelo de -31- PE 2031149 realização preferido para a invenção consiste no facto de os meios de bloqueio 6, por outras palavras os elementos que proporcionam a montagem conjunta por pressão e o efeito de encaixe, estarem situados naquele troço do lábio inferior 23-43 que se estende para lá do lábio superior 22-42, mais em particular que o ponto 87 que se situa mais abaixo no elemento de bloqueio 33 fique localizado sob a camada superior do painel de soalho 1. Por questões de perceptibilidade, esta camada superior é indicada nas Figuras 22 a 25 apenas como uma camada única.
Deve-se destacar que, entre outras, se torna particularmente vantajosa - em comparação com os acoplamentos para painéis de soalho descritos nos documentos WO 94/01628, WO 94/26999, WO 96/27719 e WO 96/27721 - a seguinte combinação de caracteristicas: (i) o lábio inferior 23-43 estender-se mais do que o lábio superior 22-42; (ii) os meios de bloqueio 6 serem formados, pelo menos, por intermédio de um elemento que interiormente se inclina no sentido descendente; e (iii) este elemento ficar localizado, pelo menos parcialmente, no troço do lábio inferior 23-43 que se estende para lá do lábio superior 22-42. O elemento inclinado oferece a vantagem de os painéis de soalho 1 poderem ser novamente desmontados. O facto de este elemento inclinado estar situado troço do lábio inferior 23-43 com extensão adicional proporciona ainda a vantagem de não poderem ocorrer nenhumas deformações, durante o acoplamento, que se viessem a propagar até à camada superior. -32- PE 2031149
De acordo com uma característica preferida da invenção, o elemento atrás mencionado, mais concretamente a superfície de contacto 39 ou 73, ir-se-á desenvolver de preferência de tal modo que a distância até à aresta superior 16 vá diminuindo a parir de baixo e no sentido ascendente, por outras palavras, de tal modo que, conforme representado na Figura 22, a distância X2 seja menor do que a distância Xl. Esta é também a situação observada na Figura 7.
Com um maior grau de preferência, esta superfície apenas se irá iniciar a uma certa distância El do lábio superior 42. É óbvio que as zonas de acoplamento 22 a 25 também podem ser executadas por intermédio do referido processo de fresagem.
De acordo com uma caracteristica particular da invenção, os painéis de soalho 1 são tratados nos seus lados 2-3 e/ou 26-27 com um agente de densificação superficial, mais particularmente um agente de endurecimento superficial, que será de preferência escolhido dentro da seguinte série de produtos: agente de impregnação, agentes de vedação de poros, vernizes, resinas, óleos, parafinas e outros semelhantes.
Na Figura 22, esta impregnação 88 está esquematicamente ilustrada. Este tratamento pode ser -33- PE 2031149 realizado ao longo de toda a superfície dos lados 2-3 e/ou 26-27, ou apenas sobre partes bem definidas da mesma, por exemplo exclusivamente as superfícies do friso 9 e do sulco 10. O tratamento com um agente de densificação superficial, em combinação com o efeito de montagem conjunta por pressão, tem como vantagem o facto de serem obtidas melhores características de encaixe, sob diversos aspectos. Como resultado disso, as zonas de acoplamento 4-5 e/ou 28-29 conseguem manter o seu formato e resistência mecânica da melhor maneira, mesmo quando os painéis de soalho 1 são repetidamente montados e desmontados. Especialmente para a situação em que o núcleo 8 é feito em HDF, MDF, ou outro material semelhante, consegue-se obter uma qualidade do estado superficial de tal modo melhorada, por intermédio deste tratamento, que não irá ocorrer abrasão do material, nem durante a montagem nem durante a desmontagem.
Este tratamento também oferece a vantagem de, pelo menos no caso de um endurecimento superficial, se aumentar o atrás mencionado efeito de tensionamento elástico. A presente invenção não fica de nenhuma forma limitada aos modelos de realização descritos a título de exemplo e representados nas Figuras, sendo que um tal revestimento de pavimento e os correspondentes painéis de -34- PE 2031149 soalho 1 podem ser realizados com diversos formatos e dimensões, sem com isso nos afastarmos do âmbito da invenção conforme está definido nas reivindicações anexas.
Além disso, todos os modelos de realização para elementos de acoplamento descritos anteriormente tanto podem ser aplicados no lado mais comprido como no lado mais curto.
Lisboa, 24 de Fevereiro de 2011
Claims (13)
- PE 2031149 1 REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Um painel de soalho laminado para a execução de um revestimento para pavimento, em que tal painel de soalho é constituído por: um núcleo (8) feito em placa de MDF ou placa de HDF; uma ou mais camadas de material (55-56-57) aplicadas no lado de cima do núcleo; e uma camada de suporte (58) aplicada no lado de baixo (7) do núcleo para constituir um elemento de contrapeso para a camada ou camadas superiores; de tal forma que a espessura total (F) de cada painel de soalho se situe entre os valores de 5 mm e 15 mm; este painel de soalho (1) está equipado com zonas de acoplamento (4-5, 28-29), pelo menos nas bordas de dois lados opostos (2-3, 26-27), essencialmente sob a forma de um friso (9-31) e de um sulco (10-32), em que estas zonas de acoplamento trabalham em cooperação uma com a outra quando dois destes painéis são conjuntamente acoplados; estas zonas de acoplamento apresentam um formato tal que dois painéis de soalho subsequentes possam ser encaixados um dentro do outro, exclusivamente numa montagem conjunta por pressão e/ou por rotação, e através do qual cada subsequente painel de soalho pode ser inserido lateralmente dentro do precedente; o mencionado sulco é delimitado por um lábio superior (22-42) e um lábio inferior (23-43); 2 PE 2031149 o lábio inferior estende-se para lá do lábio superior; as zonas de acoplamento (4-5, 28-29) dispõem de meios de bloqueio mecânico (6) nelas integrados, os quais impedem o afastamento de dois painéis de soalho acoplados segundo uma direcção (R) perpendicular às correspondentes bordas (2-3 , 26-27) e paralela ao lado de baixo (7) dos painéis de soalho (1) acoplados; aquando do acoplamento de dois destes painéis, as zonas de acoplamento (4-5, 28-29) proporcionam um encravamento, sem qualquer folga relativamente a todas as direcções do plano perpendicularmente situado em relação às bordas dos painéis; e os ditos meios de bloqueio (6) consistem essencialmente num elemento de bloqueio (11-33-46) sob a forma de uma protuberância disponibilizada no lado de baixo (12) do friso, e noutro elemento de bloqueio (13-34-47) formado no lábio que delimita o lado de baixo do sulco (10), sob a forma de uma reentrância (36) e/ou de uma parte dirigida para cima que está limitada por esta reentrância (36) ; o painel é caracterizado por as mencionadas zonas de acoplamento (4-5, 28-29) e meios de bloqueio (6) constituírem uma peça única em conjunto com o núcleo (8), de modo que o sulco (10-32) -integrando o lábio superior (22-42) e o lábio inferior (23— 43) - e os referidos elementos de bloqueio (33-34) são fabricados no material do núcleo (8), estendendo-se a 3 PE 2031149 mencionada camada de suporte (58) ao longo do lado de baixo do lábio inferior (23-43); e caracterizado por a diferença (E) entre o lábio superior e o lábio inferior, medida no plano do painel de soalho, ser mais pequena do que uma vez a espessura do painel de soalho.
- 2. Painel de soalho de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por as uma ou mais camadas aplicadas no lado de cima do núcleo (8) incluírem uma camada decorativa (55).
- 3. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterizado por as camadas aplicadas no lado de cima do núcleo (8) incluírem uma camada decorativa (55) e uma camada de protecção (56).
- 4. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterizado por tais camadas (55-56-57-58) serem camadas impregnadas com resina.
- 5. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterizado por os referidos elemento de bloqueio apresentarem correspondentes superfícies de contacto inclinadas (38, 74; 39, 73) .
- 6. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterizado por o painel de soalho consistir num painel alongado, e por estar 4 PE 2031149 equipado, pelo menos nos seus lados mais compridos (2-3), com as já citadas zonas de acoplamento.
- 7. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterizado por o painel de soalho (1) ser quadrado ou rectangular, e por todos os seus quatro lados (2-3, 26-27) - mais concretamente, considerados dois a dois - estarem equipados com as já citadas zonas de acoplamento (4-5-28-29).
- 8. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterizado por, numa situação em que dois desses painéis se encontrem acoplados, existir apenas um ponto de contacto importante entre os painéis de soalho (1) acoplados - na direcção de encaixe e separado relativamente ao espaço entre os elementos de bloqueio - que é formado por uma secção (84) na localização do lado de cima dos painéis de soalho já acoplados.
- 9. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterizado por o elemento de bloqueio (34) no lábio inferior ficar localizado no troço desse lábio inferior (23-43) que se estende para lá do mencionado lábio superior (22-42).
- 10. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterizado por o mencionado lábio superior (22-42) ser mais espesso do que o dito lábio inferior (23-43). 5 PE 2031149
- 11. Painel de soalho de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes, caracterlzado por o painel de soalho (1) ser um painel de soalho laminado rectanqular (1); por as zonas de acoplamento, tal como definidas anteriormente, serem disponibilizadas em qualquer um dos quatro lados; e por o dito lábio inferior (23-43) ser estruturalmente feito no material do próprio painel de soalho, ao longo de toda a sua espessura.
- 12. Revestimento para pavimento composto por painéis de soalho laminados, conforme reivindicados em qualquer uma das precedentes reivindicações.
- 13. Revestimento para pavimento de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizado por os painéis de soalho (1) serem unidos sem cola, de modo a poderem ser desmontados para serem reutilizados. Lisboa, 24 de Fevereiro de 2011 PE 2031149 1/10PE 2031149 2/10PE 2031149 3/10 k N \ kPE 2031149 4/107 ô iS ó 4T 7 lug.10 53 te*37 T0 f4 & £â 2 V PE 2031149 5/10PE 2031149 6/107%PE 2031149 7/10PE 2031149 8/10PE 2031149 9/10PE 2031149 10/10PE 2031149 - 1 - REFERÊNCIAS CITADAS NA DESCRIÇÃO A lista de referências citadas pelo requerente é apresentada somente para conveniência do leitor. Ela não faz parte do documento de patente Europeia. Embora tendo havido um grande cuidado na compilação das referências, os erros e omissões não estarão completamente excluídos, e o European Patent Office - EPO descarta qualquer responsabilidade a este respeito. Documentos de Patente citados na descrição WO 9426999 A . GB 2256023 A WO 9313280 A . DE 3544845 WO 941628 A . JP 7300979 A WO 9627719 A . JP8109734 A WO 9627721 A . JP 316 996 7 A GB 424057 A . WO9401628 A GB 2117813 A
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PT80206311T PT2077358E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Painel de soalho duro com meios de bloqueamento mecânico integrados |
PT08075888T PT2031149E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento para pavimento consistindo em painéis de soalho rígidos, e procedimento para fabricação de tais painéis de soalho |
PT00201515T PT1024234E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituido por paineis de soalho duros |
PT70240536T PT1898026E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Painel de soalho duro com meios de bloqueamento mecânico integrados |
PT05076551T PT1589161E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituído por painéis de soalho duros |
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PT05077327T PT1614829E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Método de fabrico de painéis de soalho duros |
PT00201514T PT1026341E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituido por paineis de soalho duros e metodo de fabrico desses paineis de soalho |
PT05075560T PT1541778E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Painel de soalho duro |
PT50773480T PT1614828E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituído por painéis de soalho duros |
PT97928169T PT843763E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituido por paineis de soalho duros, e metodo de fabrico desses paineis de soalho |
PT05077262T PT1612346E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constitu?do por pain?is de soalho duros |
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PT80206311T PT2077358E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Painel de soalho duro com meios de bloqueamento mecânico integrados |
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PT00201515T PT1024234E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituido por paineis de soalho duros |
PT70240536T PT1898026E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Painel de soalho duro com meios de bloqueamento mecânico integrados |
PT05076551T PT1589161E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituído por painéis de soalho duros |
PT03076384T PT1338721E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Painel de soalho duro |
PT05077327T PT1614829E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Método de fabrico de painéis de soalho duros |
PT00201514T PT1026341E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituido por paineis de soalho duros e metodo de fabrico desses paineis de soalho |
PT05075560T PT1541778E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Painel de soalho duro |
PT50773480T PT1614828E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituído por painéis de soalho duros |
PT97928169T PT843763E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constituido por paineis de soalho duros, e metodo de fabrico desses paineis de soalho |
PT05077262T PT1612346E (pt) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-06-07 | Revestimento de pavimentos constitu?do por pain?is de soalho duros |
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