CN100526578C - 地板块 - Google Patents

地板块 Download PDF

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CN100526578C
CN100526578C CNB2006100999232A CN200610099923A CN100526578C CN 100526578 C CN100526578 C CN 100526578C CN B2006100999232 A CNB2006100999232 A CN B2006100999232A CN 200610099923 A CN200610099923 A CN 200610099923A CN 100526578 C CN100526578 C CN 100526578C
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portion
floorboard
floorboards
groove
lower
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CN1932206A (zh
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斯蒂芬·S·G·莫里奥
贝马德·P·J·梯也尔
马克·G·M·卡佩勒
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尤尼林管理私营公司
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27F—DOVETAILED WORK; TENONS; SLOTTING MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES
    • B27F1/00—Dovetailed work; Tenons; Making tongues or grooves; Groove- and- tongue jointed work; Finger- joints
    • B27F1/02—Making tongues or grooves, of indefinite length
    • B27F1/06—Making tongues or grooves, of indefinite length simultaneously along opposite edges of a board
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/04—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of flooring elements, e.g. parqueting blocks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02005—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips
    • E04F15/02011—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips with joint fillings integrated in the flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02005—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips
    • E04F15/02016—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips with sealing elements between flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES, JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0008—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge
    • F16B5/0012—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge a tongue on the edge of one sheet, plate or panel co-operating with a groove in the edge of another sheet, plate or panel
    • F16B5/0016—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge a tongue on the edge of one sheet, plate or panel co-operating with a groove in the edge of another sheet, plate or panel with snap action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES, JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/008—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by a rotating or sliding and rotating movement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02005—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02005—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips
    • E04F15/02033—Joints with beveled or recessed upper edges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
    • E04F2201/0115—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E04F2201/0146—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0153—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0153—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement
    • E04F2201/0161—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/023—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with a continuous tongue or groove
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/026—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with rabbets, e.g. being stepped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/163—Next to unitary web or sheet of equal or greater extent
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Abstract

由地板块(1)作成的地板，所述地板块(1)至少在两个相对边(2、3，26、27)的边缘上提供相互啮合的连接部分(4、5，28、29)，基本上是一舌状物(9、31)和一槽(10、32)的形式，其特征为连接部分(4、5，28、29)具有防止两个啮合地板块沿一方向(R)分离开的结合式的机械锁定装置(6)，所述方向(R)与相应的边(2、3，26、27)相垂直，并与啮合地板块(1)的底面平行。

Description

地板块

本分案申请是基于申请日为1997年6月7日、申请号为 97190692.0、发明名称为"由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的 方法"的中国专利申请的分案申请。更具体地说，本申请是基于申请日 为1997年6月7日、申请号为200410057586. 1、发明名称为"由硬地板 块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法，，的分案申请的再次分案申 请。

技术领域

本发明涉及一种由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方 法。在第一个实施例中，本发明适用于所谓的层状地板，但通常也可以 适用于由硬地板块构成其它形式的地板，如镶面地板，预制镶木地板， 或其它的可以与层状地板相比的地板块。

背景技术

众所周知，这样的地板块可以有多种布置方式。

第 一种可能的方式是将地板块连接在支撑地板上，用粘结剂粘在一 起，或用钉子将它们钉在一起。这种技术的缺点是相当复杂，而且只有 通过损坏地板块才能进行顺序的变化。

第二种可能的方式是将地板块松散地安装在地面上，地板块之间利 用由舌状物和槽组成的连接部分彼此相互结合，通常也用粘结剂在舌状 物和槽的部位上将它们粘结起来。以此方式得到的地板，也称作铰接式

镶木地板，它的优点是安装方便，整个地板表面可以移动，这对接收地 板可能产生的膨胀和收缩是大有益处的。

上述型式地板的缺点最主要的是，如地板块被松散地安装在地面 上，则在地板的膨胀和连续的收缩期间，地板块本身会分离开，因为，

5例如，如果粘结剂连接被损坏，则会形成不希望出现的连接点。

为了改善这一缺陷，已针对连接元件进行了一定的研究，在单个的 地板块之间，提供由金属制成的连接元件，以保持它们连接在一起。然 而，这样的连接元件造价相当贵，而且它们的准备和安装也很浪费时间。

使用这样的金属连接元件的实施例在文件W094/26999和 WO93/13280中有所描述。

而且从文件W094/1628、 W096/27719和W096/27721中还可以 看到连接部分使地板块咬合在一起的情况。这些实施例形式中的相互咬 合不能百分之百地保证地板块之间不产生间隙，特别是，由于为了保证 相互咬合的可能性，必须提供精确限定的活动空间。

从GB424.057中可以看出，可以作出镶木地板块的连接部分，但 考虑到连接部分的特性，仅适用于大型的木制镶木地板。

在文件GB2.117.813、 GB2.256.023和DE3.544.845中也描述了板 块的连接部分。然而，这些连接部分不适用于连接地板块。

发明内容

本发明的目的是提供一种上述类型的改进的地板，其中的地板块可 以一种优化的方式彼此结合，和/或地板块可以一种平滑的方式加工出 来，以此最好可以排除上述的一个或多个缺陷。

这个目的通过具有以下技术特征的地板块实现，即： 一种用于设置 地板的地板块，该地板块是矩形的，即细长形或正方形；所述地板块具有 一个基本上平的底面、 一个基本上平的顶面以及限定地板块边缘的第 一和 第二对相对的侧面；地板块具有以下特征的组合：

-至少第一对相对的侧面的边缘设有连接部分，其允许两个这样的地 板块可以相互连接；

-这些连接部分基本上是舌状物和槽的形式，所述槽由具有一个远端 的上部凸出部分和下部凸出部分界定，所述下部凸出部分伸出上部凸出部 分的所述远端以外；

-连接部分设有整体的机械锁定元件，防止两个连接的地板块沿垂直于相关的侧面和平行于连接后的地板块的底面的方向分离开；

-所述锁定元件包括一个构成所述下部凸出部分上侧面的凹槽边界 的、在下部凸出部分的锁定元件和一个由在所述舌状物下侧面的凸起构成 的锁定元件；

-所述锁定元件分别在所述下部凸出部分和所述舌状物上限定接触表 面，所述接触表面作为锁定表面，在两个这样的地板块的连接状态下，所 述锁定表面防止地板块分离开，锁定表面设定在槽上，所述槽位于所述下 部凸出部分中伸出所述上部凸出部分的远端的位置上；

-连接部分和锁定元件允许两个这样的地板块可以通过转动进行接 合，以及相应地可以拆开；

-在所述舌状物的下侧面和在下部凸出部分的上侧面基本上只具有防 止两个这样连接的地板块分离开的所述锁定元件；

-凹槽具有倾斜的近侧，所述近侧从凹槽的底部朝地板块的内侧向上

延伸；

-所述凹槽与槽的最深点间隔一粉巨离，在所述凹槽和槽的最深点之 间的槽的底部部分是水平的或所述底部部分的倾斜度小于凹槽的所述倾斜 的近侧的倾斜度；以及

-所述地板块在所述第 一对边缘上设有当连接两个这样的地板块时使 凸起容易插入凹槽中的特征，这些特征从以下选出：

-在所述凸起上具有倾斜的前侧；

-当两个这样的地板块相互连接时，在凸起的前侧和所述凹槽倾斜的 近侧之间具有间隙。

根据本发明，上述的地板块可以具有多个附加的特征，如以下描述 的。更具体地，这些地板块可以具有下列特征中的一个或多个：

-在两个这样的地板块的连接状态下，所述锁定表面限定一个相对于 连接后的地板块的底面倾斜的切线；

-所述切线与地板块的底面形成一个30。至70°的角；

-地板块从由层压地板块、饰面镶木地板和预制镶木地板构成的组 选出；-所述第二对相对的侧面也设有基本上形式为舌状物和槽的连接部 分，其中这些连接部分设有整体的机械锁定元件，其防止两个连接的地板

块沿垂直于相应的侧面和平行于连接后的地板块的底面的方向分离开；

-在所述第二对的侧面处的所述连接部分还包括由上部凸出部分和下 部凸出部分界定的槽，所述上部凸出部分构成槽的上壁面并且具有一个远 端，所述下部凸出部分构成槽的下壁面，所述下部凸出部分侧向地伸出上 部凸出部分的所述远端以外；

-属于第二对的侧面的所述锁定元件分别在所述下部凸出部分和所述 舌状物上限定接触表面，该接触表面作为锁定表面，在两个这样的地板块 的连接状态下，该锁定表面防止地板块分离开；

以及在所述第二对的边缘上，在所述下部凸出部分上的锁定表面位于 该下部凸出部分中伸出相关上部凸出部分的远端以外的位置上；

-地板块的厚度为0. 5-1. 5cm;

-连接部分和锁定元件与地板块的中心部分制成一体；

-连接部分和锁定元件制成切削轮廓；

-在槽的入口处，在上部凸出部分的下边缘上设置一腔室。

附图说明

为了更好地显示本发明的特性，下面将参照附图描述本发明的几个 非限定的实施例，附图包括：

图l示出了一个本发明地板的地板块；

图2是沿图1中n-n线所作的横断面的放大视图；

图3和图4示出了具有图2所示的连接部分的两个地板块如何配合 在一起；

图5是沿图1中V-V线所作的横断面的放大视图； 图6和图7示出了具有图5所示的连接部分的两个地板块如何配合 在一起；

图8至图11示出了本发明地板块的连接部分的几种不同的形式； 图12示出了如何为地板提供连接部分；图13示出了沿图12中XIII-Xm线所作的横断面； 图14至图21以放大的横断面的形式，示出了图12中用箭头F14 至F21表示的铣刀的进入；

图22示出了一个本发明的地板块； 图23以放大的形式，示出了两个图22的地板块的配合； 图24和图25示出了图22所示地板块相互配合的两种方式。

具体实施方式

本发明涉及一种地板，该地板由如图1中所示的硬的地板块1组成。 这些地板块1可以是各种形状的，例如矩形、方形，或其它的形状。 在实施例的最佳形式中，它们被加工成细长形，例如，如图1中所

示，长度为1至2米，厚度也可以变化，但最好为0.5至1.5cm，并且

0.8cm更好。

每一个地板块1至少在其两个相对的底面2、 3的边缘上具有连接 部分4、 5，以使两个相邻地板块1可以相互配合在一起。

如图2至图4中所示，本发明的连接部分4、 5提供有结合式机械 锁定部分6，该锁定部分6可以防止两个配合地板块在垂直于各自的底 面2、 3并平行于配合地板块1的底面7的D方向上的分离；连接部分 4、 5和锁定部分6与地板块1的中心部分8作成一体；连接部分4、 5 的形状使其能与下一个地板块1通过咬合和/或旋转唯一地相互嵌入，由 此每一个地板块1都可以从侧面被插入到上一个地板块中；连接部分4、 5最好在与前述边缘垂直的平面内的所有方向上具有不能活动的互锁。

在地板块l具有细长形状的情形下，如图1中所示，其各自的连接 部分4、 5位于纵向的侧面2、 3上。

虽然连接部分4、5的基本形式一般是由一舌状物9和一槽IO构成， 但是连接部分4、 5可以是各种形式。

在图2至图4所示的实施例中，其中的地板块1具有连接部分4、 5和锁定装置6，使得两个地板块1可以借助旋转运动互啮合，而无需 其它的咬合运动。在所示的实施例中，锁定装置包括一个第一锁定元件和一个第二锁

定元件，其中第一锁定元件由在舌状物9的下侧面12处的弯曲的圆形 突出物组成，而第二锁定元件由在槽10的底部壁面14处的一个弯曲凹 形槽构成。

锁定元件使得两个相互配合的地板块1不会在其间的水平平面内 产生横向运动。

为了使两个地板块1可以借助于转动方式相互插入，弯曲部分最好 是圆形的。下侧面12的弯曲部分的半径为Rl,其中心位于地板块l的 上边缘15上，而底部壁面14的弯曲部分的半径R2等于半径R1，但其 中心位于相应的上边缘16上。半径Rl和R2也可以大于或小于距各自 的上边缘15、 16的距离，和/或其尺寸可以不同。

舌状物9的上侧面17和槽10的上壁面18最好是平的，而且最好 位于水平面内。

两个内部锁定地板块1的舌状物9和槽10的前侧面19和20的相 互配合最好不是很紧密，以便在其间留有一间隙21,该间隙21使得其 间的灰尘或其它残物可以被舌状物9推出。

舌状物9和槽10最好具有相互补的形状，以便在两个地板块1相 配合情形下的舌状物9精确地靠在槽10的上壁面18和下壁面l4上， 借此施加在上凸部分22上的一个压力P不仅由此凸出部分22承担，而 是由整个结构承担，因为此压力可以通过舌状物9和下凸出部分23传 递。

显然这些互补形式之间会有多个较小的偏差出现，但这些小偏差对 压力的接收和传递几乎没有影响。例如，如图2至4所示，可以提供一 个斜面24和一个槽25，使下一块地板块可以很容易地被推入与其相邻 的上一块内，这样就不会出现隆起，给插入带来困难。

如图5-7中所示，本发明地板块1也可以沿与侧面2、 3成直角的 侧面26、 27提供带有锁定装置30的连接部分28、 29。连接部分28、 29也最好具有一个舌形物31和一个槽32，因此锁定装置30不必具有 与锁定装置6相同的特性。最好在侧面26、 27仅通过平移运动T使锁定装置实现啮合和内部 锁定，如图6和7中所示。为达到此目的，锁定装置30包括一个咬合 连接，锁定元件33和34在后部相互咬合。

如图5至7所示，锁定元件33最好包括舌状物31的下侧面的一个 凸起部分，嵌入在槽32的下壁面内的凹槽36内。锁定元件34由限定 凹槽36的指向上方的部分组成。

在此情形下，锁定元件33、 34有接触平面38、 39，接触平面38、 39相互平行，并最好根据一简化相互咬合的方向，沿一倾斜方向延伸。 由接触平面38、39确定的切线L因此而与底面7形成一小于90°的角度 A.

锁定元件33、 34最好具有倾斜部分40和41,当两个地板块1相配 合时，倾斜部分40和41的相互作用使锁定元件33、 34可以很容易被推 入，直到它们在后面借助相互咬合作用紧密结合在一起。

舌状物31的厚度Wl最好等于槽32的宽度W，以便当承受一压力 P时，上部凸出部分42由舌状物31支撑，而舌状物31又由下部凸出部分 43支撑。

与斜面24和槽25类似，在端部28、 29上也提供一个槽44和一个 斜面45。

-值得注意的是,这样的相互咬合式配合也可以用在端部2、3上，从而 得到与图5至图7中所示的类似的一个相互咬合式配合,也可以应用在其 它形式的配合部件上得到一种相互咬合式配合，例如，如图8和图9中所 示。与具有局部凸起部分的锁定元件33、 34相反，在图8和图9所示的 实施例形式中，所用的锁定元件46、 47相对于配合的整个宽度B向外延 伸了相当大的距离。

在此情形下，锁定元件46、 47也提供在舌状物9的下侧面12和槽 10的下壁面14上。

如图8所示，锁定元件46、 47的接触表面48、 49与地板块1的平 面成一定角度。由此,所得到的配合是以一特别稳固的方式达到的内部锁 定.如图9中所示，锁定元件46、 47之间的接触可能基本上仅是一个线 性接触，因为彼此相对的接触表面具有不同的曲率。

锁定元件46、 47的彼此相对的表面由弯曲表面组成。其切线L所 形成的角度A小于卯。，更好的甚至小于70°。

因此，锁定元件46最好包括具有不同曲率的两个部分， 一方面， 部分50具有较大的曲率，另一方面，部分51具有一较小曲率。具有较 大曲率的部分50提供一紧密配合，而具有较小曲率的部分51可以使连 接部分4、 5很容易地彼此进入。中间空隙S形成了一个腔室，为两块 地板块1相啮合时可能进入的灰尘及类似物提供了空间。

在相互咬合式连接情形中，例如，如图7至9中所示的一个连接， 最好舌状物9、 31的形状向下逐渐加厚，可与槽10中的一个加宽的部 分相配合。

图10中给出了一种变形，其中至少在上边缘15、 16的高度上，提 供了一种密封材料52，从而可以保证防水密封。这种密封材料52可以 是预先提供在地板块1上的带或覆盖物，在上边缘15、 16的其中之一 上或两个上。

图11中给出了另一个变化形式，其中锁定装置6在舌状物9上有 一个指向上的部分53，该部分53在一转动之后，将位于上部壁面18 上的指向下的部分54的前面。特别是，上侧面17和上部壁面18具有 一曲率R3，其中心位于边缘15、 16上，下侧面12和下壁面14具有一 曲率R4，其中心也位于上边缘15、 16上，这些使得这一转动得以实现。 这些半径R3、 R4也可以另外选择。

根据本发明。通常两者之间的差值， 一方面，是半径R1、 R3，另 一方面，是半径R2、 R4，最好不应该大于2mm。

这些半径的中心最好也分别位于圆形Cl、 C2的内部，该圆形以一 3mm的半径R5延伸，分别围绕上边缘15、 16，例如，如图2中所示。

最后需指出的是，#>据本发明，如图2至7所示，下部凸出部分 23、 43可以比上部凸出部分22、 42长一些。这有一个优势，即连接部 分4、 5、 28、 29可以一较容易的方式借助于铣刀等加工成。而且，这

12简化了两块地板块l的啮合，因为每下一个地板块l在安装期间可以被

放置在突出的下部凸出部分23、 43上，因为舌状物9、 31和槽10、 32 自动地布置在彼此的前面。

下部凸出部分23等于或短于上部凸出部分22的实施例的优势是在 地板的端部没有突出的凸出部分23存在，这些凸出部分在修整中可能 会带来麻烦。

为了安装平滑，保证必要的稳定性和密封性并限定需切割的材料的 量，上部凸出部分22、 42和下部凸出部分23、 43之间的差值E，在地 板块的平面内并垂直于槽10的纵向方向上测量，最好应该保持小于地 板块1的总厚度F的一倍。为稳定性起见，该总厚度F通常不小于5mm。

差值E的小尺寸的优势是下部凸出部分不必用一个加强带或类似 物来加强。

根据本发明实施例的一个特殊形式，通过舌状物9和槽10的中心 线M1的位置要低于地板块1的中心M2，这样上部凸出部分22、 42的 厚度要大于下部凸出部分23、 43的厚度。在第一个实施例中，这种连 接方式是很重要的，因为此时是下部凸出部分23、 43弯曲，借此地板 块1的上边缘就可能避免损坏。

由于前面所描述的原因，在第一个实施例中，本发明最好用在层状 地板上。

如图2至11中所示的实施例，这样的层状地板最好包括一个由 MDF板、HDF板或类似物制成的中心部分8，其中至少在此中心部分8 的上边缘上提供一层或多层材料。

特别是，最好层状地板具有一装饰层55和一保护顶层56。装饰层 55是一层，由树脂浸渍，例如用纸制成，用各种模型刻出各样的痕迹， 如一个木制模型， 一个石头、软木或类似物形式的模型，或甚至一个想 象的模型。保护顶层56也最好包括由树脂浸溃的一层，例如三聚酰胺 树脂，由一种透明的材料制成。

显然，还可以铺设其它层，如在装饰层55的下面铺设中间层57。

最好，在底面7上也铺设一底层58,以与顶层相配重，进而保证

13地板块l的稳定性，此底层58可以包括一种材料，例如纸，由树脂浸 渍，例如一种三聚酰胺树脂。

如图12中简要示出的，舌状物9和槽10，最好也包括舌状物31 和槽32,是借助于铣削过程加工成的。在此情形中，在所有的四个面上 都要加工出轮廓，地板块1最好应该借助于两个垂直运动VI和V2产 生位移，在第一个运动期间，两个相对侧面的轮廓被加工成，其中纵向 侧面利用铣削装置59、 60，而在第二个运动期间，其它侧面的轮廓被加 工成，其中的较小侧面利用铣削装置61、 62。在此过程中，地板块1 最好带有指向下的装饰层。

根据本发明的一个重要特性，每一个舌状物9、 31和槽10、 32都 经由一铣削工序加工完成，该铣削工序具有至少两个连续的铣削循环， 利用在相对于相应的地板块l成不同角度的位置上放置的铣刀完成此工序。

图13、 14和15中示出了上述工序，其中示出了槽10是怎样利用 两个铣刀63和64，经由两个铣削循环被加工成的。图16和图17示出 了舌状物9是怎样利用两个铣刀65和66被加工完成的。

图18-19和20-21给出了相似的视图，示出了槽32和舌状物31是 如何利用放置在一定角度的铣刀67、 68和69、 70被加工成的。

在前述的每一个铣削循杯期间，基本上每一次都能完成一个侧面的 最终形状，例如，图14中的铣刀63确定了槽10的下部侧面71最终形 状，而铣刀64确定了上部侧面72的最终形状。

如前所述，最好所用的铣刀63至72的直径G至少比地板块1的厚 度F大5倍，甚至大20倍更好。

除了上述的铣刀之外，最好还使用其它的铣刀，例如，为了去除在 第一个预加工循环中已被去掉的材料的一部分。

在图22至25中，示出了本发明地板块的实施例的一个特别的最佳 形式。其中，与前述的实施例形式中相同的部分都以相应的参考数字来 表示。

在此当中有一个重要的特性，其要点是所提供的连接部分4、 5具

14有锁定装置6，在啮合状态下，锁定装置6在彼此之间一施加压力，作 为啮合地板块l相互施加压力的结果。如图所示，这最好由提供具有可 弹性弯曲部分的连接部分来实现，在此情形下是凸出部分43,在啮合状 态下，至少部分地弯曲，以此方式所产生的应力用于使啮合的地板块互 相施加压力。由此而产生的变形V和从中所得到的应力K在图23中以 一放大的形式表示出。

为了使应力K导致所啮合的地板块1相互挤压，弯曲部分，在此 情形下是凸出部分43，最好具有一向内倾斜的接触表面73，能与一个 相应的接触表面74相配合，如图所示。这些接触表面73、 74与前述的 接触表面39、 38相似，而且也与图2至4中的下部凸出部分的倾斜部 分相似。

在图2和图5中，所述部分形成互补配合的形状，显然，通过修改 也可以产生与图23中类似的应力效应。

由于， 一方面，在角度A下接触，而另一方面，产生了一个应力 K，因此在地板块l相互拉开时，有一个分力K1产生。

最好接触表面73、 74相对于水平面的角度A介于30和70度之间。 在采用此情形的第一个实施例中，被施加了一个应力K， 30至70度的 角度A是理想适用的，这样一方面能够在地板块1之间产生优化的挤压 效果，另一方面还能够使地板块l之间容易安装和拆卸。

虽然挤压力Kl由上述的凸出部分43传递，但是本发明不排除该 力由其它的可弯曲部分传递的实施例形式。

值得注意的是，变形量V是相对很小的，例如，百分之几到十分 之几毫米，对地板的布置不会产生影响。而且这样的地板通常被放置在 一底基层的上面，而这个底基层是可以弹性压缩的，凸出部分43的变 形量V只会导致此处的底基层被压缩得稍微多一点。

由于凸出部分43向外弯曲，而且在啮合位置时仍有些向外弯曲， 这样就产生了一个优势，当向地板上施加压力时，比如在其上放置一物 体，相互的挤压力被增强了，甚至更多地抵消了间隙的产生。

要指出的是，发明者已经发现，与所有的期待相反， 一个理想的应

15力可以通过制造包括锁定元件33、 34的连接部分4、 5来得到，最好还 具有HDF板或MDF板的完整的中心部分8，虽然这些材料仅允许很小 的弹性变形。

HDF和MDF的优点是可以提供光滑的表面，因为锁定元件可以 很容易地彼此移动。

^f艮据本发明的一个变化形式，应力也可以利用连接部分的材料的弹 性压缩来传递，被传递到这些连接部分的端部，并且最好完整的中心部 分8由弹性可压缩材料制成。

图22至25所示实施例的另一个特征为地板块1可利用转动嵌入， 如图24中所示，也可以利用相对移动嵌入，如图25所示，最好的方式 是，在利用转动相互嵌入的过程中，在连接部分中产生一个最大的变形 量Vm，特别是在凸出部分43中，变形量Vm是很少产生的，如果存在， 如图2至4中所示，与地板块l在利用相对移动嵌入时所产生的变形量 Vm相比。

该方式的优点主要是地板块1可以很容易地利用一转动被嵌入，不 必使用工具，而它还有可能利用相互移动来嵌入。在第一个实施例中， 当最后的地板块必须部分地被放置在门框或其它类似物的下面时，后者 是很有用的。在此情形下，地板块1的不必被嵌入的那端可以被推到门 框的下面，而后，可能利用工具，将其与相邻的地板块l结合在一起。

要指出的是，图22至25中示出的连接部分4、 5的形状也可以被 用于短的侧面的连接部分28、 29。

才艮据本发明，在四个侧面2、 3、 26、 27具有连接部分4、 5、 28、 29的情形下，这些连接部分可以如下的方式实现，即在一个方向上的啮 合效果要强于另一个方向上的啮合效果。对于细长地板块l，例如在图 1中所示的地板块，在短的侧面26、 27上的锁定最好应该比长的侧面 2、 3上的锁定更牢固。短的侧面上的配合长度比较短，原则上，牢固性 差，通过提供一个更牢固的锁定给予补偿。

这种啮合的差别可以通过构造在不同的角度下的接触表面73、 74 来得到。

16上述的凸起部分，特别是锁定元件33，由至少两个部分75、 76界 定，其中部分75的斜率较大，用于锁定，而部分76的斜率较小，使连 接部分的啮合更容易实现。在图22至25所示的实施例中，部分75、 76 都是由直平面构成的，但在上述的图9所示的实施例中，也可以使用曲 面部分50、 51。在图5中，它们是接触表面38和倾斜部分40。

在本发明的最佳实施例形式中，地板块1包括连接部分4、 5和/ 或28、 29，显示出了下述特征中的一个，或两个或多个的组合：

-位于舌状物9的下部的一个弯曲部分77和/或位于凸出部分43 上的一个弯曲部分78在两个地板块1彼此转动进入时形成一个导向， 其优点是地板块1在安装期间可以很容易地彼此啮合；

-在锁定元件33、 34的边缘上的圆形部位79、 80使得锁定元件在 地板块l的安装和拆卸期间可以很容易地相互移动，并且锁定元件不会 被损坏，例如，其边缘被碰碎，即使在地板块被反复地安装拆卸的情况 下；

-灰尘室，或如图4中所示的间隙21，位于啮合地板块1彼此相 对的所有的横向端面之间，它使得在啮合期间在地板块1之间形成的夹 杂物不会对啮合产生不利的影响；

-舌状物9的形状，例如斜面82的存在，使得地板块l在同一平 面内彼此相对推动时，舌状物9的上边缘已位于上部凸出部分42的下 边缘上，首先产生接触，如图25中所示，其优点是当地板块1在同一 平面内彼此相对推动时，舌状物9的前边缘不会对上部凸出部分42的 前边造成挤压；

—一斜面83,上文中也称作倾斜部分41,在下部凸出部分43的自 由末端上形成，其优点是可使得锁定元件33、 34彼此光滑移动，下部 凸出部分43均弯曲；

-在啮合方向上，仅一个重要的接触点由一部分84形成在地板块 1的顶部，其优点是上述的应力以最优的方式被传递给地板块1的上端， 并能抵消地板块l之间的开口的产生；

-接触表面85、 86，特别是由舌状物9的上部和槽10的上部形成

17的支撑表面，占其长度的绝大部分，与地板块l所确定的平面相平行，

以及由弯曲部分77、 78形成的相互配合的接触表面，优点是可使得在 两个啮合地板块l之间，在高度方向上不会有相互的位移，即^使是在舌 状物9插入槽10内的插入深度由于各种原因而改变的情况下，换言之， 在相邻的地板块之间不会出现高度差。

在图22至25所示的实施例形式中，结合了所有的这些特征;但是， 显然，如在图2至11中明确示出的，这些特征也可以是单独地，或以 有限组合的方式被体现出来。

从图5至7和图22至25中可以看出，本发明实施例的最佳形式的 一个重要特征为锁定装置6，换言之，提供相互咬合和啮合效果的部分， 位于延伸超过上部凸出部分22、 42的下部凸出部分23、 43上，特别是， 锁定元件33的最底点87位于地板块1的顶层的下面。为表述方便，在 图22至25中，此顶层仅以一单层表示。

要说明的是，特征的组合，即下部凸出部分23、 43延伸超过上部 凸出部分22、 42,所形成的锁定装置6至少有一个向内的朝下倾斜的部 分，并且该部分至少部分地位于延伸超过上部凸出部分22、 42的下部 凸出部分23、43上，尤其与文件WO 9401628， WO 9426999， W09627719 和W09627721所述的地板块连接部分相比较，是具有优越性的。倾斜 部分的优点是使得地板块1可以再次拆卸。该倾斜部分位于下部凸出部 分23、 43的超出延伸部分上的结构方式还具有一个优点，即在配合期 间不会有突出于顶层上的变形出现。

根据本发明的一个最佳特征，前述部分，即接触表面39或73的延 伸方式最好是距上边缘16的距离从下向上逐渐减小，换言之，如图22 中所示，距离X2小于距离X1。图7中所示也是这样的情形。

而且，该部分最好仅从一个距上部凸出部分42的距离为E1的位 置处开始。

显然，连接部分22、 25也可以利用所述的铣削工序加工成。 才艮据本发明的一个特征，地板块1的侧面2、 3和/或26、 27都用 一种表面致密介质，特别是一种表面硬化介质，进行处理。该介质最好

18从下述的产品中选择：浸渍介质，孔隙密封介质，油漆，树脂，油，石 蜡等。

在图22中，示出了这样浸渍过的部位88，可以对侧面2、 3和/或 26、 27的所有表面都进行这样的处理，或也可以仅对限定的部位进行处 理，例如仅对舌状物9和槽10的表面进行。

用表面致密介质进行处理与相互咬合作用的结合使其在多方面具 有良好的配合特性。由此连接部分4、 5和/或28、 29即使是在地板块反 复安装拆卸的情况下都能够更好地保持它们的形状和强度。特别是，当 中心部分8是由HDF、 MDF或其类似物制成的情形下，利用此处理方 式，可以得到更好的表面质量，在反复安装和拆卸过程中也不会出现材 料的擦伤、破损。

该处理还有一个优势，即经过表面硬化，上述的弹性应力效果被加强了。

本发明不局限于实施例和附图中所描述的形式，在不偏离本发明范 围的条件下，可以制造出其它多种形式和尺寸的地板和所附属的地板块

例如，所述实施例中所描述的各种特征可以相互组合或不组合。 而且，前述的配合元件的所有的实施形式可以应用在长边上，也可 以用在短边上。

19

Claims (10)

1. 一种用于设置地板的地板块，该地板块是矩形的，即细长形或正方形；所述地板块(1)具有一个底面(7)、一个顶面以及限定地板块(1)边缘的第一和第二对相对的侧面(2、3，26、27)；其特征在于，地板块(1)具有以下特征的组合：至少第一对相对的侧面(2、3)的边缘设有连接部分(4、5)，其允许两个这样的地板块(1)可以相互连接；这些连接部分(4、5)是舌状物(9，31)和槽(10，32)的形式，所述槽(10，32)由具有一个远端的上部凸出部分(22，42)和下部凸出部分(23，43)界定，所述下部凸出部分(23，43)伸出上部凸出部分(22，42)的所述远端以外；连接部分(4、5)设有整体的机械锁定元件，防止两个连接的地板块(1)沿垂直于第一对相对的侧面(2、3)和平行于连接后的地板块(1)的底面(7)的方向(R)分离开；所述锁定元件包括一个构成所述下部凸出部分(23，43)上侧面的凹槽(13，36)边界的、在下部凸出部分(22，42)的锁定元件(23，34，47)和一个由在所述舌状物(9，31)下侧面(12)的凸起(11，33)构成的锁定元件；所述锁定元件分别在所述下部凸出部分(23，43)和所述舌状物(9，31)上限定接触表面(38、39，73、74)，所述接触表面作为锁定表面，在两个这样的地板块(1)的连接状态下，所述锁定表面防止地板块(1)分离开，锁定表面(39、73)设定在槽(10，32)上，所述槽位于所述下部凸出部分(23，43)中伸出所述上部凸出部分(22，42)的远端的位置上；连接部分(4、5)和锁定元件允许两个这样的地板块(1)可以通过转动进行接合，以及相应地可以拆开；仅在所述舌状物(9，31)的下侧面(12)和在下部凸出部分(23，43)的上侧面上具有防止两个这样连接的地板块(1)分离开的所述锁定元件；凹槽(36)具有倾斜的近侧，所述近侧从凹槽(36)的底部朝地板块(1)的内侧向上延伸；所述凹槽(36)与槽(10，32)的最深点间隔一段距离，在所述凹槽(36)和槽的最深点之间的槽的底部部分是水平的或所述底部部分的倾斜度小于凹槽(36)的所述倾斜的近侧的倾斜度；以及所述地板块(1)在所述第一对相对的侧面(2、3)上设有当连接两个这样的地板块(1)时使凸起(11，33)容易插入凹槽(36)中的特征，这些特征从以下选出：-在所述凸起(11，33)上具有倾斜的前侧；-当两个这样的地板块(1)相互连接时，在凸起(11，33)的前侧和所述凹槽(36)倾斜的近侧之间具有间隙(S，81)。
2. 按权利要求1所述的地板块，其特征在于，在两个这样的地板块 (1)的连接状态下，所述锁定表面（38、 39， 73、 7"限定一个相对于连接后的地板块（1)的底面（7)倾斜的切线（L)。
3. 按权利要求2所述的地板块，其特征在于，所述切线（L)与地 板块的底面形成一个30。至70°的角（A)。
4. 按权利要求1或2所述的地板块，其特征在于，地板块（1)由 层压地板块、饰面镶木地板或预制镶木地板构成。
5. 按权利要求1或2所述的地板块，其特征在于，所述第二对相对 的侧面（26、 27 )也设有形式为舌状物（9, 31)和槽（10, 32 )的连接 部分（28、 29)，其中这些连接部分（28、 29)设有整体的机械锁定元件， 其防止两个连接的地板块（1)沿垂直于相应的侧面（26、 27)和平行于 连接后的地板块（1)的底面（7)的方向（R)分离开。
6. 按权利要求5所述的地板块，其特征在于，在所述第二对的侧面 (26、 27)处的所述连接部分（28、 29)还包括由上部凸出部分（22,42)和下部凸出部分（23， 43)界定的槽（10， 32)，所述上部凸出部分 构成槽（IO， 32)的上壁面并且具有一个远端，所述下部凸出部分构成 槽（IO， 32)的下壁面，所述下部凸出部分（23， 43)侧向地伸出上部凸出部分（22，"）的所述远端以外；属于第二对的侧面（26、 27)的所述锁定元件分别在所述下部凸出 部分（23， 43)和所述舌状物（9、 31)上限定接触表面（38, 73、 74)， 该接触表面作为锁定表面，在两个这样的地板块（1)的连接状态下，该锁定表面防止地板块（1)分离开；以及在所述第二对的相对的侧面（26、 27)上，在所述下部凸出部 分（23, 43 )上的锁定表面（39、 73)位于该下部凸出部分（23, 中伸出所述上部凸出部分（22， 42)的远端以外的位置上。
7. 按权利要求1或2所述的地板块，其特征在于，地板块（1)的 厚度(F)为0. 5-1.5cm。
8. 按权利要求1或2所述的地板块，其特征在于，连接部分（4、 5) 和锁定元件与地板块（1)的中心部分（8 )制成一体。
9. 按权利要求1或2所述的地板块，其特征在于，连接部分（4、 5) 和锁定元件制成切削轮廓。
10. 按权利要求1或2所述的地板块，其特征在于，在槽（IO, 32) 的入口处，在上部凸出部分（22, 42 )的下边缘上设置一斜面（24, 45 )。
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CNB021230064A CN1195141C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
CNB2004100575861A CN100406666C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
CN2006100999209A CN1932204B (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
CNB2006100903189A CN100540820C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 用于构成地板的地板块
CN200610090478A CN100580204C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 地板块
CNA2006100999181A CN1932208A (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
CNB2006100999228A CN100543253C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 地板块
CN2011100020552A CN102051973B (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 用于形成地板的硬地板块
CN200610090334.8A CN1880703B (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 用于构成地板的硬的地板块
CNB2006100999247A CN100526579C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 用于设置地板的地板块
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CNB2004100575861A CN100406666C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
CN2006100999209A CN1932204B (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
CNB2006100903189A CN100540820C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 用于构成地板的地板块
CN200610090478A CN100580204C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 地板块
CNA2006100999181A CN1932208A (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
CNB2006100999228A CN100543253C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 地板块
CN2011100020552A CN102051973B (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 用于形成地板的硬地板块
CN200610090334.8A CN1880703B (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 用于构成地板的硬的地板块
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CN97190692A CN1087056C (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
CN2006100903314A CN1880702B (zh) 1996-06-11 1997-06-07 由硬地板块构成的地板以及制造这种地板块的方法
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