KR970001578B1 - 고정된 중합체의 대규모 합성방법 - Google Patents
고정된 중합체의 대규모 합성방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR970001578B1 KR970001578B1 KR1019960705897A KR19960705897A KR970001578B1 KR 970001578 B1 KR970001578 B1 KR 970001578B1 KR 1019960705897 A KR1019960705897 A KR 1019960705897A KR 19960705897 A KR19960705897 A KR 19960705897A KR 970001578 B1 KR970001578 B1 KR 970001578B1
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
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- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C229/14—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of carbon skeletons containing rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C229/16—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid, iminodiacetic acids
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D263/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D263/44—Two oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
- C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
- C07D317/62—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
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- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/04—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length on carriers
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Abstract
내용 없슴.
Description
[발명의 명칭]
고정된 중합체의 대규모 합성방법
[도면의 간단한 설명]
제1도는 제1위치에서 기질의 마스킹(masking) 및 조사를 도시한다. 이 기질은 황단면도로 도시된 것이다.
제2도는 단량체 A를 적용한 후의 기질을 도시한다.
제3도는 제2위치에서 기질의 조사를 도시한다.
제4도는 단량체 B를 적용한 후의 기질을 도시한다.
제5도는 A 단량체의 조사를 도시한다.
제6도는 B를 두 번째로 적용한 후의 기질을 도시한다.
제7도는 완성된 기질을 도시한다.
제8a 및 8b도는 기질상에 다수의 중합체를 형성하기 위한 반응기 시스템의 다른 실시태양을 도시한다.
제9도는 기질상에 위치하고 있는 형광 마커 검출 장치를 도시한다.
제10a 내지 10m 도는 단량체 A 와 B의 삼량체를 제조하는데 적용된 바와 같은 방법을 도시한다.
제11a, 11b도는 표준 형광 비드에 대한 형광 트레이스(traces)이다.
제12a 및 12b도는 각각 광에 노출시키지 않은 NVOC(6-니트로베라트릴록시카보닐(슬라이드 및 광에 노출시킨 NVOC(6-니트로베라트릴록시카보닐) 슬라이드에 대한 형광 곡선이다.
제13a 및 13b도는 표지된 Herz항체에 노출된 YGGFL 및 GGFL의 바둑판 무늬 패턴을 갖는 슬라이드의 형성과정을 도시한다.
제14a 및 14b도는 2개의 상이한 유리 슬라이드상에서 형성된 16개 서열의 지도를 도시한다.
[발명의 상세한 설명]
[발명의 배경]
본 발명은 알고 있는 위치에서 물질을 합성 및 배치시키는데 관한 것이다. 그 중에서도 특히, 본 발명의 한 실시태양은 단일 기질 표면상의 알고 있는 위치에서 다양한 화학 서열을 제조하기 위한 방법 및 이와 관련된 장치를 제공한다.
특히 생물학적 활성을 스크리닝하는데 사용하기 위한 다양한 화학물질 공급원을 생산하기 위해 올리고머, 펩티드, 핵산, 올리고사카라이드, 인 지질, 중합체 또는 약물 동족체 제조 분야에 본 발명을 적용할 수 있다.
생물학적 시스템의 연구에 기본적인 과제는 분자의 구조와 활성 사이의 상관관계를 알아내는데 있다. 구조-활성 관계는 예를들면 효소의 작용, 세포가 서로 통하는 방식 뿐만 아니라 세포 조절 및 피이드백(feedback)시스템을 이해하는데 중요하다.
특정 거대분자는 매우 특이한 3차원 공간 및 전자 분포를 갖는 다른 분자와 상호작용하여 결합한다고 알려져 있다.
상기 특이성을 갖는 임의의 거대 분자가 대사 중간체의 가수분해를 촉진하는 효소, 이온의 맴브레인 전달을 매개하는 세포-표면 단백질, 특정 세포를 그의 인접세포와 구별하는데 도움을 주는 당단백질, 혈장내에서 순환하는 IgG-튜 항체, 핵중의 DNA의 올리고뉴클레오티드 서열등이던지 간에 수용체로 생각할 수 있다. 수용체가 선택적으로 결합하는 각종 분자를 리간드로 칭한다.
공지된 수용체와 리간드의 결합 친화성을 측정하기 위해 많은 분석법을 이용할 수 있지만, 이 실험으로부터 얻을 수 있는 정보는 이용할 수 있는 리간드의 수 및 유형에 의해 종종 제한을 받는다. 신규한 리간드는 때때로 우연히 발견되거나 또는 단백질에 대한 X-선 결정 분석 및 재조합 유전 기법을 포함하여,분자 구조를 설명하기 위한 새로운 기법을 적용하므로써 때때로 발견된다.
생물학에서 구조와 기능과의 상관관계를 조사하는데 전형적인 시스템으로는 작은 펩티드를 들 수 있다. 펩티드는 아미노산이 연속된 서열이다. 20개의 천연 아미노산을 중합체 분자로 축합시킬 때, 이들은 각각 특정 아미노산 서열 및 용매 조건으로부터 야기된 광범위한 3차원 형태를 형성한다. 20개의 천연 아미노산으로 가능한 펩타펩티드의 수는 예를들면 50²또는 3백2십만의 상이한 펩티드이다. 이런 크기의 분자가 수용체-결합연구에 유용할 수도 있다는 가능성은 일부 항체가 높은 특이성을 가지면서 아주 짧은 아미노산 서열을 인식함을 나타내는 동위원소 분석 연구에 의해 뒷받침된다. 더욱더, 아미노산의 평균 분자량에 의해 작은 펩티드는 현재 유용한 많은 의약품 범위에 속하게 된다.
구조-활성 관계의 연구에 의존하는 연구의 한 유형은 의약품 개발 분야이다. 대부분의 경우, 현대의 의약품 개발은 생물학적으로 중요한 수용체에 대해 바람직한 특이성 패턴을 갖는 신규한 리간드를 찾아내고자 하는 방법으로 기술할 수 있다. 또다른 예로는 살충제 및 제초제와 같은 농업에 사용하기 위한 신규한 화합물을 알아내려는 연구가 있다.
때때로, 리간드를 디자인하는 이론적인 공정에 대한 해결책은 어렵거나 또는 만만치 않다. 다수의 상이한 중합체를 제조하는 선행의 방법은 효과적인 이론적 또는 랜덤한 스크리닝을 허용하기에 충분한 규모로 사용할 때 더디게 진행되어 힘이 들었다. 예를들면,매리필드(Merrifield)방법 ((1963) 85 : 2149-2154, 모든 목적을 위해 본 발명에 참고로 인용함)을 고체 지지체상에서 펩티드를 합성시키는데 사용해 왔다. 매리필드 방법에서, 아미노산은 불용성 중합체로 이루어진 지지체에 공유결합된다. 공유결합된 아미노산은 알파 보호 그룹을 갖는 또다른 아미노산과 반응하여 디펩티드를 형성한다. 세척한 후, 보호 그룹을 제거하고, 알파 보호 그룹을 갖는 세 번째 아미노산을 디펩티드에 가한다. 원하는 크기 및 서열을 갖는 펩티드를 얻을 때까지 이 공정을 계속한다. 매리필드 방법을 사용하여, 하루에 소량의 펩티드 서열을 합성하는 것은 실제적으로 경제적이지 못하다.
다수의 중합체 서열을 합성하기 위해, 또한 일련의 중합체 합성용 반응 용기의 사용이 제안되었다. 예를들면, 시약의 자동 연속 첨가에 의해 고체상 지지체위에서 선형 중합체를 합성키시기 위해 관형 반응기 시스템을 사용할 수도 있다. 이 방법도 역시 효과적인 경제적 스크리닝에 충분한 다수의 중합체 서열을 합성시킬 수 없다.
다공성 컨테이너에 컨테이너의 기공 보다 크기가 큰 반응성 입자를 공지된 양으로 함유시키는, 다수의 중합체 서열을 제조하는 방법이 또한 공지되어있다. 이 컨테이너는 원하는 물질과 선택적으로 반응하여 원하는 서열의 생성물 분자를 합성할 수도 있다. 이 분야에 공지된 다른 방법과 같이, 이 방법도 효과적인 스크리닝에 충분한 종류의 폴리펩티드를 합성하는데 실제로 사용할 수 없다.
다른 기법들이 또한 개시되었다. 이 방법은 표준 마이크로 역가판의 포맷에 맞춰 96개의 플라스틱 핀상에서 펩티드를 합성함을 포함한다. 이 기법들이 다소 유용할 수 있지만, 불행히도 상당한 문제가 남아 있다. 예를들면, 이 방법은 경제적으로 합성 및 스크리닝할 수 있는 서열의 다양성을 계속 제한한다.
상기로부터 알 수 있는 것은, 알고 있는 위치에서 다양한 화학적 서열을 합성시키기 위한 개선된 방법 및 장치가 필요하다는 것이다.
[발명의 요약]
다양한 중합체를 제조하기 위한 개선된 방법 및 장치가 개시되어 있다.
하나의 바람직한 실시태양에서는 링커 분자(linker molecules)를 기질상에 제공한다. 링커 분자의 종결 말단에 광제거성 보호 그룹으로 보호된 반응성 작용 그룹을 제공한다. 석판인쇄법(lithographic methods)을 이용하여, 광제거성 보호 그룹을 광에 노출시키고 제1선택 영역내의 링커 분자로부터 제거한다. 이어서, 기질을 세척하거나 또는 다른 방법으로는 링커 분자상의 노출된 작용 그룹과 반응하는 제1단량체와 접촉시킨다. 바람직한 실시태양에서, 단량체는 그의 아미노 또는 카복시 종결 부위에 광제거성 보호 그룹을 함유하는 아미노산이며 링커 분자는 광제거성 보호 그룹을 함유하는 아미노 또는 카복시산 그룹으로 종결된다.
그후, 선택된 제2영역의 세트를 광에 노출시키고, 링커 분자 및 보호된 아미노산 상의 광제거성 보호 그룹을 제2영역 세트에서 제거한다. 이어서, 기질을 노출된 작용 그룹과 반응시키기 위해 광제거성 보호 그룹을 함유하는 제2단량체와 접촉시킨다. 원하는 길이 및 원하는 화학적 서열의 중합체를 얻을때까지 이 공정을 반복하여 단량체를 선택적으로 적용한다. 이어서, 광불안정성 그룹을 임의로 제거하고 그후 서열을 임의로 캡핑한다. 존재한다면 측쇄 보호 그룹도 또한 제거한다.
본 발명에 개시된 석판인쇄 기법을 사용하므로써 기질상의 알고 있는 위치에 비교적 작고 정밀하게 광을 향하도록 할 수 있다. 그러므로, 기질상의 알고 있는 위치에서 알고 있는 화학적 서열의 중합체를 합성하는 것이 가능하다.
생성된 기질은 예를들면 다수의 중합체를 생물학적 활성에 대해 스크리닝하는 용도를 포함하는 다양한 용도를 가질 것이다. 생물학적 활성을 스크리닝하기 위해, 기질을 하나 이상의 수용체, 예를들면 항체 완전세포, 베히클상의 수용체, 지질 또는 다양한 다른 수용체중 어느 하나에 노출시킨다. 수용체에 예를들면 형광 마커, 방사성 마커, 또는 수용체와 반응하는 표지된 항체를 표지하는 것이 바람직하다. 기질상의 마커의 위치는 예를들면, 광자 검출 또는방사선 자동 사진기법으로 검출한다. 결합을 검출하는 위치에서 물질의 서열에 대한 지식에 의해, 어느 서열이 수용체와 결합했는지를 재빨리 측정할 수 있으므로, 이 기법을 다수의 펩티드를 스크리닝하는데 사용할 수 있다. 본 발명의 다른 가능한 용도는 진단법을 포함하는데, 여기에서, 특정 수용체에 대한 각종 항체를 기질상에 놓고, 예를들면 혈액 혈청을 면역 결핍에 대해 스크리닝한다. 추가의 용도를 예를들면 반도체 장치 등에서의 유기 물질의 선택적 도핑(doping)을 들 수 있다.
본 발명의 한 태양과 관련지어, 중합체를 합성시키기 위한 개선된 반응기 시스템이 개시되어 있다. 반응기 시스템은 주변둘레에 기질을 맞물리는 기질 장착부(substrate mount)를 포함한다. 기질 장착부는 기질과 장착부 사이에 반응기 공간을 제공하는데 이를 통해 또는 이 공간으로 반응 유체가 펌프되거나 또는 흐른다. 마스크를 기질상에 놓거나 또는 집속시키고 반응기 공간내의 기질의 선택된 영역을 탈보호시키도록 조사한다. 단량체를 반응기 공간을 통해 펌프하거나 또는 다른 방법으로는 기질과 접촉시켜 탈보호된 영역과 반응시킨다. 기질상의 영역을 선택적으로 탈보호시키고 반응기 공간을 통해 예정된 단량체를 흘리므로써, 알고 있는 위치에서 원하는 중합체를 합성시킬 수 있다.
개선된 검출 장치 및 방법이 또한 개시되어 있다. 상기 검출 방법 및 장치는 기질의 표면상의 알고 있는 위치에서 광범위하게 다양한 중합체 서열을 갖는 기질을 사용한다.
기질을 하나 이상의 중합체 서열에 결합하는, 형광 표지된 수용체에 노출시킨다. 기질을 결합이 일어나는 위치를 식별하기 위한 현미경 검출장치에 놓는다. 현미경 검출 장치는 기질에 광을 향하도록 하는 단색 또는 다색 광원, 기질로부터 형광된 광을 검출하는 수단 및 형광된 광의 위치를 측정하는 수단을 포함한다. 일부 실시태양에서는 기질상에 형광된 광을 검출하는 수단으로 광자 카운터(photon counter)를 포함한다. 형광된 광의 위치를 측정하는 수단은 기질에 대한 x/y 병진 테이블을 포함할 수 있다. 슬라이드의 병진 및 데이터 수집은 적당히 프로그램한 디지탈 컴퓨터로 기록 및 처리한다. 본 발명의 성질 및 잇점에 대한 추가의 이해는 명세서의 뒷부분 및 첨부한 도면을 참고하므로써 알 수 있다.
[바람직한 실시태양의 상세한 설명]
목차
Ⅰ. 용어설명.
Ⅱ. 총론.
Ⅲ. 중합체 합성.
Ⅳ. 반응기 시스템의 한 태양의 상세한 설명.
Ⅴ. 형광 검출 장치의 한 태양의 상세한 설명.
Ⅵ. 수용체의 상대 결합 강도의 측정.
Ⅶ. 실시예
(a). 슬라이드 제조
(b). A 와 B의 8개 삼량체의 합성.
(c). 아미노프로필 그룹과 형광 그룹의 이량체 합성.
(d). 신호 능력의 입증.
(e). 단위 면적당 분자수의 측정.
(f). NVOC이 제거 및 형광성 마커의 결합.
(g). NVOC의 제거시 마스크의 사용.
(h). YGGFL의 결합 후 Herz 항체 및 염소 항-마우스에 대한 노출.
(i). YGGFL의 단량체씩 생성 및 표지된 항체에 후속 노출.
(j). YGGFL과 PGGFL의 단량체식 합성 단계.
(k). YGGFL과 YPGGFL의 단량체식 합성 단계.
(l). 16개의 상이한 아미노산 서열 배열의 합성 및 Herz 항체에 대한 상대 결합 친화성의 평가.
Ⅷ. 예시적인 다른 실시태양.
Ⅸ. 결론.
Ⅰ. 용어설명
하기 용어들은 이들이 본 발명에 사용될 때 하기의 일반적인 의미를 가질 것이다.
1.
상보성이란 리간드 분자와 그의 수용체의 상호 작용 표면이 함께 지형적으로 양립하거나 또는 부합함을 말한다. 그럴 때, 수용체와 그의 리간드를 상보적이라고 기술할 수 있으며, 또한 접촉 표면 특징은 서로 상보적이다.
2.
항체로 공지된 수용체 부속군과 상호작용 하는 면적으로 묘사되는 항원 분자의 부위.
3.
리간드는 특정 수용체에 의해 인식되는 분자이다. 본 발명에 의해 조사될 수 있는 리간드를 예를들면 세포막 수용체에 대한 촉진물질 및 길항물질, 독소 및 독물, 바이러스성 에피토프, 호르몬(예를들면, 스테로이드 등), 호르몬 수용체, 펩티드, 효소, 효소 기질, 보조인자, 약물(예를들면, 아편제 등), 랙틴, 당, 올리고뉴클레오티드, 핵산, 올리고사카라이드, 단백질 및 단클론 항체를 들 수 있지만 이에 한정되지 않는다.
4.
함께 결합하여 중합체를 생성할 수 있는 작은 분자 세트의 구성원. 단량체의 세트는 예를들면 통상적이 L-아미노산 세트, D-아미노산 세트, 합성 아미노산 세트, 뉴클레오티드 세트 및 펜토즈 및 핵소즈 세트가 있지만, 이에 제한되지 않는다. 본 발명에 사용된 바와 같이, 단량체는 중합체를 합성시키기 위한 기본 세트의 임의의 구성원을 말한다.
예를들면, L-아미노산의 이량체는 폴리펩티드를 합성시키기 위한 400개의 기본 단량체 세트를 형성한다. 단량체의 상이한 기본 세트는 중합체의 합성시에 연속단계에서 사용될 수 있다.
5.
아미드 결합을 통해 알파 아미노산 단량체가 함께 결합된 중합체(다른 표현으로는 폴리펩티드로 칭함). 본 명세서의 문맥에서, 아미노산은 L-광학 이성체 또는 D-광학 이성체일수도 있음을 이해해야 한다. 펩티드의 길이는 2개 이상의 아미노산 단량체이며 종종 20개 이상의 아미노산 단량체이다. 아미노산에 대해 표준약어를 사용한다(예를들면 프롤린에 대해 P). 이 약어들은 모든 목적을 위해 참고로 본 발명에 인용한 스트라이어(Stryer)의 문헌[, Third Ed, 1988]에 기재되어 있다.
6.
10-14내지 104㎜의 파장을 갖는 에너지를 포함하여 선택적으로 적용할 수 있는 에너지, 예를들면 전자빔 방사, 감마선, x-선 방사, 자외선 방사, 가시광, 적외선, 마이크로파 방사 및 라디오 방사, 조사란 방사선을 표면에 적용함을 말한다.
7.
일정한 리간드에 대해 친화성을 갖는 분자, 수용체는 천연 또는 합성 분자일 수 있다. 또한, 이들은 변화되지 않은 상태로 또는 다른 종과의 응집물로 사용할 수 있다. 수용체를 직접 또는 특이 결합 물질을 통해 결합 구성원에 공유 또는 비공유결합시킬 수 있다. 본 발명에 사용될 수 있는 수용체는 예를들면 항체, 세포막 수용체, 모노클론 항체 및 (예를들면 바이러스, 세포 또는 다른 물질상의)특이 항원 결정인자와 반응하는 항 혈청, 약물, 폴리뉴클레오티드, 핵산, 펩티드, 보조인자, 랙틴, 당, 폴리사카라이드, 세포, 세포성 막 및 세포내기관을 포함하지만 이에 제한되지 않는다. 이 분야에서 때때로 수용체를 항-리간드로 칭한다. 수용체란 용어를 본 발명에서 사용할 때 의미상의 차이는 없다. 2개의 거대 분자가 분자 인식에 의해 결합하여 착화합물을 형성할 때 리간드 수용체 쌍이 형성된다.
본 발명에 의해 조사될 수 있는 수용체의 다른 예로는 하기 a) 내지 g)를 들수 있으며,이에 제한되지 않는다.
a)
미생물의 생존에 필수적인 특이적 전달 단백질 또는 효소에 대한 수용체; 이 수용체에 결합하는 리간드의 동정이 새로운 항생 물질 군으로 유용하다. 특히, 중요한 것은 기화감염 진균, 원생동물 및 현재 사용되는 항생물질에 저항성인 세균에 대한 항생물질일 것이다.
b)
예를들면, 신경전달물질을 절단할 책임이 있는 효소와 같은 효소의 결합부위; 특정 수용체에 결합하는 리간드가 상이한 신경전달물질을 절단하는 효소의 작용을 조절하는지를 측정하는 것은 신경전달 질병 치료에 사용될 수 있는 약물의 개발에 유용하다.
c)
예를들면, 본 발명은 대상 항원의 에피토프와 결합하는 항체 분자상의 리간드 결합 부위를 조사하는데 유용할 수 있다; 항원 에피토프를 모방하는 서열을 결정하므로써 면역원이 상기 서열의 하나 이상을 기본으로하는 백신 개발을 유도할 수 있거나(예를들면, 자가 항체의 결합을 차단하므로써)자기 면역 질환과 같은 치료요법에 유용한 관련 진단제 또는 화합물의 개발을 유도할 수 있다.
d)
DNA 또는 RNA 결합 서열을 확립하기 위해 핵산 서열을 합성할 수 있다.
e)
하나 이상의 반응물을 하나 이상의 생성물로 전환시키는것과 관련된 화학 반응을 촉진시킬 수 있는 중합체, 바람직하게는 폴리펩티드. 상기 폴리펩티드는 일반적으로 적어도 하나의 반응물 또는 반응 중간체 및 반응 부위에 인접한 홀성 작용기(이 작용기는 결합된 반응물을 화학적으로 변형시킬 수 있다)에 대해 특이한 결합부위를 포함한다. 촉매 폴리펩티드는 예를들면 모든 목적에 참고로 본 발명에 포함시킨 동시계류중의 미합중국 특허원 제404,920호에 개시되어있다.
f)
예를들면, 인슐린 및 성장 호르몬에 대한 수용체. 이 수용체에 높은 친화성을 가지고 결합하는 리간드의 결정은 예를들면 당뇨병 환자가 당뇨병 증상을 경감시키기 위해 흡수해야만 하는 매일 주사에 대한 경구 대체물을 개발하고 다른 경우 시체 또는 재조합 DNA기법에 의해서만 얻을 수 있는 희구한 인간 성장 호르몬에 대한 대체물을 개발하는데 유용하다. 다른 예를들면 혈관수축 호르몬 수용체이다 : 이 수용체에 결합하는 그러한 리간드의 결정은 혈압 조절 약물의 개발을 유도할 수 있다.
g)
뇌에서 아편 수용체에 결합하는 리간드의 결정은 모르핀 및 관련 약물에 대해 덜 의존적인 대체물을 개발하는데 유용하다.
8.
경질 또는 반경질 표면을 갖는 물질. 많은 실시태양에서, 기질의 적어도 한 표면은 실질적으로 편평한 것이지만, 일부 실시태양에서는 예를들면, 웰, 도드라진 지역, 에칭된 도랑등으로, 상이한 중합체에 대한 합성 영역을 별도로 분리시키는 것이 바람직할 수 있다. 다른 실시태양에 따르면, 합성이 끝날 때 방출될 수 있는 작은 비드가 표면에 제공될 수 있다.
9.
단량체 단위에 결합되어 있으며, 전자기 방사와 같은 활성화제에 선택적으로 노출되었을 때 공간적으로 제거할 수 있는 물질. 유용한 보호 그룹의 예를들면 니트로베라트릴록시카보닐, 니트로벤질록시카보닐, 디메틸 디메톡시벤질록시카보닐, 5-브로모-7-니트로인돌리닐, o-하이드록시-α-메틸 신나모일 및 2-옥시메틸렌안트라퀴논이 있다. 활성화제의 다른 예에는 이온 빔, 전기장, 자기장, 전자빔, x-선 등이 있다.
10.
예정된 영역이란 중합체가 생성되는 동안 활성화 될 예정인 표면상의 국한된 면적을 말한다. 예정된 영역은 임의의 편리한 형태, 예를들면 원형, 직사각형, 타원형, 쐐기모양 등을 갖는다. 간결함을 위해 예정된 영역은 때때로 간단히 영역으로 부른다.
11.
중합체가 기질의 예정된 영역에서 다른 예정된 영역에서와 구별되는 특징을 나타낼 때 기질의 예정된 영역에서 실질적으로 순수하다라고 간주한다. 전형적으로, 순도는 균일한 서열의 결과로 생물학적 활성 또는 작용에 의해 측정할 것이다. 이러한 특징은 전형적으로 선택된 리간드 또는 수용체와 결합하는 방식에 의해 측정될 것이다.
Ⅱ.
본 발명은 예정된 영역에서 다수의 중합체 서열을 갖는 기질을 제조하기 위한 방법 및 장치와 그러한 기질의 용도를 제공한다. 본원에서는 본 발명을 아미노산 서열을 함유하는 분자의 제조에 대해 주로 기술하고 있지만, 본 발명을 다른 중합체의 제조에 쉽게 적용할 수 있다. 이러한 중합체를 예를들면 핵산, 폴리사카라이드, 인지질 및 α-, β- 또는 ω-아미노산을 갖는 펩티드의 선형 및 환형 중합체, 공지된 약물이 상기 중합체 중 임의의 중합체에 공유결합된 헤테로 중합체, 폴리우레탄, 폴리에스테르 또는 폴리카보네이트, 폴리우레아, 폴리아미드, 폴리에틸렌아민, 폴리아릴렌, 설파이드, 폴리실록산, 폴리이미드, 폴리아세테이트 또는 개시한 내용을 고찰할 때 분명한 다른 중합체를 들 수 있다. 바람직한 실시태양으로, 본 발명의 펩티드의 합성에 사용한다.
본 발명은 리간드와 결합시키기 위한 수용체를 합성하는데 사용할 수 있음은 분명하지만, 제조한 기질을 예를들면 수용체와 결합시키기 위한 리간드로서, 다양한 중합체를 스크리닝하는데 사용할 수 있다. 여기에 개시한 기질을 광범위한 다른 용도를 가질 것이다. 단순히 예시할 의도로서, 본 발명은 단백질에 결합하는 펩티드 및 핵산 서열을 결정하는데 사용될 수 있으며, 또한 서열 특이성 결합 약물을 찾는데, 항체가 인식한 에피토프를 동정하는데, 임상 및 진단용의 다양한 약물을 평가하는데 사용될 뿐 아니라 상기의 조합에 사용될 수 있다.
본 발명은 바람직하게 표면을 갖는 기질 S의 용도를 제공한다. 링커 분자 L이 기질의 표면에 임의로 제공되어 있다. 일부 실시태양에서 링커 분자의 목적은 합성된 중합체의 수용체 인식을 촉진시키기 위한 것이다.
임의로, 링커 분자는 저장 목적을 위해 화학적으로 보호될 수도 있다. t-BOC(t-부톡시카보닐)과 같은 화학적 저장 보호 그룹을 일부 실시태양에서 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 화학적 보호 그룹은 예를들면 산 용액에 노출될 때 화학적으로 제거될 것이며 저장시에는 표면을 보호하는데 도움을 줄 것이고 중합체 제조 이전에 제거될 것이다.
기질상 또는 링커 분자의 원위 말단에 보호 그룹 P0를 갖는 작용 그룹을 제공한다. 이 보호 그룹 P0은 방사선, 자기장, 전류 또는 작용 그룹을 노출시키는 다른 활성화재에 노출될 때 제거될 수 있다.
바람직한 실시태양에서, 방사선은 자외선(UV), 적외선(IR) 또는 가시광선이다. 하기에서 더욱더 충분히 기술하는 바와 같이, 보호 그룹은 달리는 전기장의 존재하에서 제거될 수 있는 전기화학적으로 민감한 보호 그룹일 수 있다. 더욱더 다른 실시태양에서, 탈보호에 이온 빔, 전자 빔 등을 사용할 수 있다.
일부 실시태양에서, 노출된 영역 및 그에 따라서 그 위에서 각각의 별개의 중합체 서열이 합성되는 면적은 약 1㎠보다 작거나 또는 1㎟미만이다. 바람직한 실시태양에서, 노출된 면역은 약 10,000μ㎡미만이거나 또는 더욱 바람직하게는 100μ㎡미만이고, 일부 실시태양에서는 단일 분자 만큼 적은 분자에 대한 결합 부위를 포함한다. 상기 영역내에서, 각각의 중합체는 실질적으로 순수한 형태로 합성되는 것이 바람직하다.
기질의 알고 있는 영역을 광에 노출시킴과 동시에 또는 그후에, 탈보호 단계에 의해 노출되었던 작용 그룹과 반응하는 제1단량체 M1과 표면을 접촉시킨다. 제1단량체는 보호그룹 P1을 포함한다. P1은 P0과 동일하거나 동일하지 않을 수 있다.
따라서, 첫 번째 사이클 후에, 표면의 알고 있는 제1영역은 서열 S-L-M1-P1을 포함할 수 있다. 반면 표면의 남은 영역은 서열 S-L-P0을 포함한다. 그후, 표면의 제2영역(제1영역을 포함할 수 있다)을 광에 노출시키고 보호 그룹 P2를 갖는 제2단량체 M2(M1과 동일하거나 또는 동일하지 않을 수 있음)와 접촉시킨다. P2는 P0및 P1과 동일하거나 또는 동일하지 않을 수 있다. 상기 두 번째 사이클 후에, 기질의 상이한 영역은 하나 이상의 하기 서열을 포함할 수 있다.
S-L-M1-M2-P2
S-L-M2-P2
S-L-M1-P1및 / 또는
S-L-P0
기질이 원하는 길이의 원하는 중합체를 포함할 때까지 상기 공정을 반복한다. 광에 노출된 기질의 위치를 조절하고 노출 후 기질에 접촉된 시약의 위치를 조절하므로써, 각 서열의 위치를 알게 될 것이다.
그후, 보호 그룹을 일부 또는 모든 기질로부터 제거하고 서열을 임의로 캡핑 단위 C로 캡핑시킨다. 이 공정은 하기 일반식의 중합체 다수를 갖는 표면이 있는 기질을 생성시킨다.
S-[L]-(Mi)-(Mj)-(Mk).....(Mx)-[C]
상기 서열에서, [ ]는 임의의 그룹을 나타내고, Mi,...Mx,는 단량체의 임의의 서열을 나타낸다.
단량체의 수는 광범위한 범위의 값을 포함할 수 있지만, 바람직한 실시태양에서 이것은 2 내지 100의 범위일 것이다.
일부 실시태양에서, 기질 중합체 상의 다수의 위치에는 통상의 단량체 부속서열(subsequences)을 함유할 것이다. 예를들면, 제1위치에서 서열 S-M1-M2-M3을 합성하고 제2위치에서 서열 S-M4-M2-M3을 합성하는 것이 바람직할 수 있다. 공정은 제1위치에 방사선 조사한 후 M1-P와 접촉시키고 제1위치에서 서열 S-M1-P를 생성시키므로써 시작할 것이다. 이어서 제2위치에 방사선 조사한 후 M4-P와 접촉시켜 제2위치에 서열 S-M4-P를 생성시킨다. 그후 제1 및 제2위치 모두에 방사선 조사하고 이량체 M2-M3와 접촉시켜 제1위치에 서열 S-M1-M2-M3를 제2위치에 서열 S-L-M4-M2-M3를 생성시킨다. 물론, 2개이상의 단량체, 2 내지 100개의 단량체, 2 내지 20개의 단량체 및 가장 바람직하게는 2 내지 3개의 단량체를 포함하는 임의의 길이의 통상적인 부속서열을 사용할 수 있다.
다른 실시태양에 따르면, 한 세트의 마스크를 제1단량체 층에 사용하고, 이어서 선택적으로 탈보호시키는데 변화시킨 광 파장을 사용한다. 예를들면, 상기에서 검토한 공정에서, 마스크를 통해 제1영역을 먼저 노출시키고, 광(예를들면, IR)의 제1파장에 노출시킬 때 제거될 수 있는 제1보호 그룹 P1을 갖는 제1단량체와 반응시킨다. 제2영역을 마스크하고 광(예를들면, UV)의 제2파장에 노출시킬 때 제거될 수 있는 제2보호 그룹 P2을 갖는 제2단량체와 반응시킨다. 전 기질이 탈보호 사이클에서 제1 및 제2파장의 광에 양자택일적으로 노출될 수 있기 때문에 그후 합성에 마스크는 불필요해진다.
상기 방법에 따라 기질상에 제조한 중합체는 예를들면 생물학적 활성 스크리닝을 포함하는 다양한 용도를 가질 것이다.
상기 스크리닝 활성에서는, 서열을 함유하는 기질을 항체, 세포상의 수용체, 인지질 베히클 또는 다양한 수용체중 어느 하나와 같은 표지되지 않거나 또는 표지된 수용체에 노출시킨다. 하나의 바람직한 실시태양으로 중합체를 대상 제1의 비표지 수용체에 노출시킨 후 표지된 수용체-특이성 인식요소(예를들면, 항체)에 노출시킨다. 이 공정은 검출단계에서 신호 증폭을 제공할 것이다.
수용체 분자는 기질상의 하나 이상의 중합체와 결합할 수 있다. 표지된 수용체의 존재 및 수용체와 결합하는 서열의 존재는 자가방사기록법, 전하결합소자를 사용한 형광 검출, 형광 현미경검사법 등을 사용하여 바람직한 실시태양에서 검출한다. 수용체 결합이 검출되는 위치에서 중합체의 서열은 수용체에 상보적인 모든 또는 일부 서열을 결정하는데 사용될 수 있다.
본원에서는 본 발명의 용도를 생물학적 활성을 스크리닝하는 것에 대해 주로 예시하고 있다. 그러나 본 발명은 많은 다른 용도를 가질 것이다. 예를들면, 본 발명을 정보 저장(예를들면, 광학 디스크상에서), 분자 전자 장치의 생산, 분리 과학에서 정지상의 제조, 염료 및 광택제의 생산, 사진술에 사용할 수도 있으며 특이 중합체 서열의 분자 인식을 통해 표면상에 형식에 맞춰 세포, 단백질, 렉틴, 핵산, 폴리사카라이드 등을 고정시키는데 사용할 수도 있다. 동일한 화합물을 근접하고, 점진적으로 상이한 농도로 합성시키므로서,화학 주성을 조절하거나 또는 예를들면, 항체를 항원의 양을 증가시키므로써 적정하는 진단 딥스틱(dipsticks)을 계발하기 위한 구배를 만들 것이다. 여러 촉매 분자를 근접하게 합성시키므로써, 배위 고정화(coordinate immobilization)에 의해 더욱더 효과적인 다단계 전환을 이룩할 수 있다. 배위 고정화되는 또한 전자 전달 시스템에 사용할 수 있을 뿐만 아나라 물질에 구조적 일체성 및 윤활성, 습윤성과 같은 다른 바람직한 성질을 모두 제공할 수 있다.
다른 실시태양에 따라, 분자 생체분포 또는 약력학적 성질을 조사할 수 있다. 예를들면, 장 또는 혈청 단백질 분해 효소에 대한 서항성을 계측하기 위해, 중합체를 형광 태그로 캡핑하여 대상 생물학적 유체에 노출시킬수 있다.
Ⅲ.
제1도는 개시된 발명의 한 실시태양을 예시하는데, 기질(2)을 횡단면으로 나타낸다. 본질적으로, 가능한 모든 기질을 본 발명에 사용할 수 있다. 기질은 입자, 스트랜드, 침전물, 겔, 시트, 튜브, 구, 컨테이너, 모세관, 패드, 얇은 조각, 필름, 플레이트, 슬라이드 등으로 존재하는 생물학적, 비생물학적, 유기, 무기 또는 이들의 조합일 수 있다. 기질은 원반형, 정사각형, 구형, 원형 등과 같은 임의의 편리한 형태를 가질수 있다. 기질은 편평한 것이 바람직하지만 다양한 선택적인 표면형태를 나타낼수 있다. 예를들면, 기질은 합성이 일어나는 상승 또는 함몰 영역을 함유할 수 있다. 기질 및 그 표면은 그 위에서 본원에서 개시한 반응이 일어나는 경질 지지체를 형성하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 적당한 광 흡수 특징을 제공하도록 기질 및 그의 표면을 선택한다. 예를들면, 기질은 중합된 랭뮈르 블러지트(Langmuir Blodgett) 필름, 작용화된 유리, Si, Ge, GaAs, GaP, SiO2, STN4, 변형된 실리콘, 또는 (폴리)테트라 플루오로에틸렌, (폴리)비닐리덴디플루오라이드, 폴리스티렌, 폴리카보네이트 또는 이들의 조합과 같은 광범위한 겔 또는 중합체 중 어느하나일 수 있다. 그밖의 다른 기질 물질은 이 분야에 숙련된 자가 본 발명을 고찰할 때 쉽게 알 수 있을 것이다.
바람직한 실시태양에서 기질은 10Å 미만의 표면 부조 특징을 갖는 판유리이거나 또는 단결정 실리콘이다.
일부 실시태양에 따라, 원하는 표면 특징을 제공하는 것으로 잘 알려진 기법을 사용하여 기질을 에칭(etch)한다.
예를들면, 도랑, v-홈, 메사(mesa)구조 등을 형성하므로써, 합성 영역을 충돌하는 광의 초점안에 보다 근접하게 놓을 수 있고, 형광 공급원 등으로부터의 광 수집을 극대화시키기 위해 합성 영역에 반사 거울구조를 제공할 수도 있다.
고형 기질상의 표면은 항상 그런 것은 아니지만 보통, 기질과 동일한 물질로 이루어질 것이다. 그러므로 표면은 임의의 광범위한 물질, 예를들면 중합체, 플라스틱, 수지, 폴리사카라이드, 실리카 또는 실리카 기재 물질, 탄소, 금속, 무기 유리, 맴브레인, 또는 상기에서 열거한 임의의 기질 물질로 이루어질 수 있다.
일부 실시태양에서는, 기질 표면에 단단히 결합되는 케이지(cage)결합원의 사용을 제공할 수 있다. 바람직하게는, 표면은 카복실, 아미노, 하이드록실 등일 수 있는 반응성 그룹을 함유할 것이다. 가장 바람직하게는, 표면은 광학적으로 투명할 것이며 실리카 표면에서 찾을 수 있는 것과 같은 표면 Si-OH 작용기를 가질 것이다.
기질의 표면(4)에 링커 분자층(6)이 제공되는 것이 바람직하지만, 링커 분자가 본 발명의 필요한 요소는 아님은 물론이다. 링커 분자는 완성된 기질안의 중합체가 기질에 노출된 분자와 자유롭게 상호작용하도록 하기에 충분한 길이를 갖는 것이 바람직하다. 링커 분자는 충분한 노출을 제공하기 위해 길이가 6 내지 50atoms이어야 한다. 링커 분자는 예를들면 아릴 아세틸렌, 2 내지 10 단량체 단위를 함유하는 에틸렌 글리콜올리고머, 디아민, 이산, 아미노산 또는 그의 조합일 수 있다. 상기 설명에 비추어 다른 링커 분자를 사용할 수 있다.
다른 실시태양에 의하면, 링커 분자를 이들의 친수성/소수성에 근거하여 선택하여 합성된 중합체를 특정 수용체에 제공하는 것을 개선시킨다. 예를들면, 친수성 수용체의 경우, 수용체가 합성된 중합체에 보다 가까이 접근하기 위해 친수성 링커 분자가 바람직할 것이다.
또다른 실시태양에 의하면, 링커 분자의 중간 위치에 광분해 가능한 그룹을 갖는 링커 분자가 또한 제공된다. 광분해 가능한 그룹은 보호 그룹과 상이한 파장에서 분해되는 것이 바람직하다. 이로 인해 여러 중합체를 제거하며 그후 상이한 광파장에 노출시키므로써 합성을 종결시킨다.
링커 분자를 예를들어(폴리)트리플루오로클로로에틸렌 표면을 사용하여 탄소-탄소 결합에 의해 또는 바람직하게는 실록산 결합에 의해 (예를들어 유리 또는 실리콘 산화물 표면을 사용하여)기질에 결합시킬 수 있다. 기질 표면과의 실록산 결합은 한 실시태양에서 트리클로로실릴 그룹을 함유하는 링커 분자의 반응에 의해 형성될 수 있다. 링커 분자를 규칙적인 배열로 임의로 결합시킬 수 있다. 즉, 중합된 랭뮈르 블러짓트 필름 안에서 상부 그룹의 일부로 결합시킬 수 있다. 다른 실시태양에서는 링커 분자를 기질 표면에 흡착시킨다.
본 발명에 사용된 링커 분자 및 단량체에, 작용 그룹(여기에, 보호 그룹이 결합된다)을 제공한다. 바람직하게는, 보호 그룹을 기질 반대편 링커 분자의 원위 또는 종결 말단상에 존재한다. 보호 그룹은 음의 보호 그룹(즉, 노출시 링커 분자를 단량체와 덜 반응하도록 하는 보호 그룹)또는 양의 보호 그룹(즉, 노출시 링커 분자를 단량체와 더 반응하도록 하는 보호 그룹)중 어느 하나일 수 있다. 음의 보호 그룹의 경우, 추가의 재활성 단계가 필요할 것이다. 일부 실시태양에서는 가열에 의해 재활성을 수행할 것이다.
링터 분자상의 보호 그룹은 바람직하게는 o-니트로벤질 유도체 또는 벤질설포닐과 같은 니트로 방향쪽 화합물을 포함하는 다양한 양의 광 반응성 그룹중에서 선택할 수 있다. 바람직한 실시태양에서는, 6-니트로베라트릴록시카보닐(NVOC), 2-니트로 벤질록시카보닐(NBOC) 또는 α, α-디메틸-디메톡시벤질록시카보닐(DDZ)를 사용한다. 하나의 실시태양에서 니트로 그룹에 대해 오르토 위치에 벤질의 수소를 함유하는 하기 니트로 방향족 화합물을 사용한다 :
상기식에서, R1은 알콕시, 알킬, 할로, 아릴, 알케닐 또는 수소이고 : R2는 알콕시, 알킬, 할로, 아릴, 니트로 또는 수소이고 ; R3는 알콕시, 알킬, 할로, 니트로, 아릴 또는 수소이고 ; R4는 알콕시, 알킬, 수소, 알릴, 할로 또는 니트로이고 ; R5는 알콕시, 알키닐, 시아노, 알콕시, 수소, 할로, 아릴 또는 알케닐이다.
사용할 수 있는 다른 물질은 o-하이드록시-α-메틸 신나모일 유도체를 함유한다. 광제거성 보호 그룹은 예를들면 문헌[Patchorhik,(1970), 6333] 및 문헌 [Amitet al.,(1974): 192]에 개시되어 있고, 이들은 모두 본 발명에 참고로 인용되어 있다.
다른 실시태양에서는, 양의 반응성 그룹을 용액 상태의 시약과 반응시키기 위해 활성화시킨다. 예를들면, 카보닐 결합될 때 5-브로모-7-니트로 인돌린 그룹은 420nm의 광에 노출시 반응한다.
두 번째로 다른 실시태양에서는, 링커 분자상의 반응성 그룹을 신나메이트 그룹을 포함하는 광범위한 음의 광-반응성 그룹중에서 선택한다.
양자택일적으로, 반응성 그룹은 전자 빔 석판인쇄법, X-선 석판인쇄법 또는 임의의 다른 방사선에 의해 활성 또는 불활성화 된다. 전자 빔 석판인쇄법에 적합한 반응성 그룹은 설포닐을 포함한다. 예를들어 널리 알려진 공급원에 대한 노출을 포함하는 다른 방법들을 사용할 수 있다. 다른 반응성 그룹 및 활성화 방법을 상기 설명에 비추어 사용할 수 있다.
제1도에 나타낸 바와 같이, 링커 분자를 예를들면 반도체 산업에 공지된 유형의 사진평판 기법을 사용하여 적합한 마스크(8)를 통해 광에 노출시키는 것이 바람직하며, 이 기법은 예를들면 문헌 [Sze, McGraw-Hill(1933) 및 [MeadIntroduction to VLSI System, Addison-Wesley(1980)]에 개시되어있으며, 모든 목적에 참고로 본 발명에 인용했다. 기질이, 보호 그룹을 제거하는데 필요한 광파장에 투명하다면, 광을 보호 그룹을 함유하는 표면 또는 기질의 뒷면중 어느 한면에 향하도록 할 수 있다. 제1도에 나타낸 실시태양에서는, 광을 보호 그룹을 함유하는 기질의 표면에 향하게 한다. 제1도는 상기 마스킹기법의 사용을 도시하는데, 링커 분자를 활성화시키고 면적(10a) 및 (10b)의 작용그룹을 노출시키도록 양의 반응성 그룹에 이 기법을 적용한다.
마스크(8)는 한 실시태양에서 불투명한 물질층으로 선택적 코팅된 투명한 지지물질이다. 불투명 물질의 일부를 제거하여, 기질 표면상에서 원하는 정밀한 패턴으로 불투명 물질이 남는다. 제1도에 나타낸 바와 같이 마스크를 기질 표면에 근접하게 제공하여 그위에 상을 형성시키거나 또는 직접 접촉시킨다. 마스크의 구멍은 기질로부터 광제거성 보호 그룹을 제거하려는 기질상의 위치에 상응한다. 정렬(alignment)은 통상적인 정렬기법[여기에서 정렬 표시(도시하지 않음)는 선행의 패턴형성 단계에 의해 연속 마스크를 정확히 오버레이(overlay)하는데 사용된다]을 사용하여 수행할 수 있거나 또는 더 세련된 기법을 사용할 수도 있다. 예를들면, 간섭계 기법(예:플랜더즈(Flanders) 등의 문헌[A New Interferometric Algnment Technique , (1977): 426-428]에 기시된 기법)을 사용할 수 있으며, 이를 본 발명에 참고로 인용한다.
기질에 적용된 광의 콘트라스트(contrast)를 증가시키기 위해, 일부 실시태양에 의하면 마스크와 기질사이에 콘트라스트 증강 물질을 제공하는 것이 바람직하다. 이 콘트라스트 증대층은 퀴논 디아지드와 같이 광에 분해되는 분자 또는 대상 파장에서 일시적으로 표백되는 물질은 포함할 수 있다. 물질의 일시적 표백은 광이 적용되는 것보다 더 큰 침투도를 허용할 것이므로 콘트라스트를 증가시킬 것이다. 달리, 피복된 섬유 광학 다발에 의해 콘트라스트 증대를 제공할 수 있다.
광은 통상적인 백열전구원, 레이저, 레이저 다이오드 등으로부터 나올수 있다. 비-조준 광원을 사용한다면, 광이 기질위에 퍼지는 것을 방지하기 위해 두껍거나 또는 여러층의 마스크를 제공하는 것이 바람직할 수 있다. 또한 일부 태양에서는 상이한 파장에 민감한 그룹을 사용하여 합성을 조절하는 것이 바람직할 수 있다.
예를들면, 상이한 파장에 민감한 그룹을 사용하므로써, 중합체의 합성시에 측쇄 위치를 선택하거나 또는 특정 마스킹 단계를 배제하는 것이 가능하다. 여러 반응성 그룹 및 이들을 탈보호시키는데 상응한 파장이 하기 표Ⅰ에 제공되어 있다.
본 발명에서는 기질의 선택된 영역을 조명하기 위해 마스크의 사용을 주로 예시하고 있지만, 다른 기법도 또한 사용할 수 있다. 예를들면, 기질을 변조된 레이저 또는 다이오드 광원하에서 병진시킬 수 있다. 이러한 기법들은 예를들면 미합중국 특허 제4,719,615(페이러(Feyrer)등)(본 발명에 참고로 인용함)에 개시되어 있다. 다른 실시태양에서는 레이저 검류계 스캐너를 사용한다. 또다른 실시태양에서는, 통상적인 액정(본 발명에서는 광밸브로 인용함) 또는 섬유 광학 광원상에서 또는 이들과 접촉할 때 합성이 일어날 수 있다. 적절히 변조되는 액정에 의해, 광이 기질의 선택된 영역과 접촉하도록 광을 선택적으로 제어할 수 있다. 달리는, 광이 선택적으로 적용되는 일련의 광학 섬유 끝에서 합성이 일어날 수 있다. 광노출 위치를 조절하는 다른 수단은 이 분야에 숙련된 자에게 분명할 것이다.
기질은 용액(도시하지 않음)과 접촉에 의해 방사선조사 되거나 조사되지 않을 수 있으며, 용액과 접촉에 의해 방사선조사 되는 것이 바람직하다. 일부 실시태양에 의하면, 용액은 방사선 조사에 의해 형성된 부산물이 중합체의 합성을 방해하지 않도록 하는 시약을 함유한다. 그러한 부산물은 예를들면,이산화탄소, 니트로소카보닐 화합물, 스티렌 유도체, 인돌 유도체 및 이들의 광화학 반응 생성물을 포함할 것이다. 또한, 용액은 기질의 굴절율에 맞추기 위해 사용된 시약을 함유할 수 있다. 용액에 첨가된 시약은 또한 예를들면 산성 또는 염기성 완충제, 티올, 치환된 하이드라진 및 하이드록실아민, 일정한 작용 그룹과 반응하는 것으로 공지된 환원제(예 : NADH) 또는 시약(예 : 아릴 니트로소+글리옥실산→아릴 포름하이드록사메이트+CO)을 포함할 수 있다.
방사선조사 단계와 동시에 또는 그 후에, 링커 분자를 제2도의 영역(12a) 및 (12b)에 A로 도시한 제1단량체로 세척 또는 다른 방법으로 접촉시킨다. 광에 노출시켰던 링키지 분자의 활성화된 작용 그룹과 제1단량체가 반응한다. 제1단량체(아미노산이 바람직함)에도 또한 광보호 그룹이 제공되어 있다. 단량체상의 광보호 그룹은 링키지 분자에 사용된 보호 그룹과 같거나 다를 수 있으며 전술한 보호 그룹중에서 선택할 수 있다. 하나의 실시태양에서, A단량체에 보호 그룹은 NBOC 및 NVOC 그룹중에서 선택된다.
그후, 제3도에 나타낸 바와같이, 링키지 보호 그룹을 제거하고 선행의 마스킹 단계에서 보호된 영역으로 도시한 영역(14a) 및 (14b)의 작용 그룹이 노출되도록 재배치한 마스크와 함께 방사선조사 공정을 반복한다. 제1마스크를 재배치하는 방법의 대안으로, 많은 실시태양에서는 제2마스크를 사용할 것이다.
다른 실시태양에서는 공통 영역을 연속 단계로 조명하기 위해 몇몇단계를 제공할 수 있다. 제3도에 나타낸 바와 같이, 방사선 조사된 영역 사이에 간격을 제공하는 것이 바람직할 수 있다. 예를들면, 정렬이 허용되기에는 약 1 내지 5㎛의 간격이 적절할 수 있다.
이어서 제4도에 나타낸 바와 같이, 기질을 제2의 보호된 단량체 B에 접촉시켜 B영역(16a) 및 (16b)를 생산한다. 그후, 보호 그룹을 제거하고 A영역(12a) 및 B영역(16b)상의 반응성 그룹을 노출시키기 위해 기질을 또다시 마스크한다. 기질은 또다시 단량체 B에 접촉시켜 제6도에 나타낸 구조를 형성시킨다. 이량체 B-A 및 B-B가 기질상에서 생산되었다.
A와 함께 전술한 단계와 유사한 일련의 후속 마스킹 및 접촉 단계를 수행하여 (도시하지 않음) 제7도에 도시한 구조를 제공한다. 공정은 B와 A의 가능한 모든 이량체, 즉 B-A, A-B, A-A 및 B-B를 제공한다.
기질, 합성 면적 및 각 개별 중합체를 합성하기 위한 면적은 임의의 크기 또는 형태일 수 있다. 예를들면, 정사각형, 타원체, 직사각형, 삼각형, 원형 또는 그의 일부를 비규칙적 기하형태와 함께 사용할 수 있다. 또한 반복할 목적으로 단일 기질에 중복 합성 면적을 적용할 수 있다.
하나의 실시태양에서, 기질상의 영역 (12a), (12b) 및 (16a), (16b)은 약 1㎠ 내지 10 ㎠의 표면적을 가질 것이다. 일부 실시태양에서 영역(12a), (12b) 및 (16a), (16b)은 약 10 ㎠, 10 ㎠, 10 ㎠, 10 ㎠, 10 ㎠, 10 ㎠, 10 ㎠, 10 ㎠ 또는 10 ㎠ 보다적은 면적을 갖는다. 바람직한 실시태양에서, 영역(12a), (12b) 및 (16a), (16b) 은 약 10×10㎛ 내지 500×500㎛이다.
일부 실시태양에서 단일 기질은 약10개 이상의 상이한 단량체 서열 및 바람직하게는 약 100개 이상의 상이한 단량체 서열을 지지하고 있지만, 다른 일부 실시태양에서는, 약 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 또는 10 개 이상의 상이한 서열을 기질상에 제공한다. 물론, 단량체 서열이 합성되는 기질의 영역안에서 단량체 서열은 실질적으로 순수한 것이 바람직하다. 일부 실시태양에서, 기질의 영역들은 적어도 약 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% 또는 99% 순수한 중합체 서열을 함유한다.
일부 실시태양에 의하면, 생물학적 활성에 대한 초기 스크리닝을 제공하기 위해 단일 영역안에 몇몇 서열을 의도적으로 제공하고, 그후 영역안의 물질이 상당한 결합을 나타내는지를 또한 평가한다.
Ⅳ.
제8a도는 본 발명의 한 태양에 따라 준비한 기질 상에서 중합체를 합성시키기 위한 반응기 시스템(100)의 바람직한 실시태양을 도시한다. 반응기 시스템은 표면상에 강(104)을 갖는 몸체(102)를 포함한다. 바람직한 실시태양에서 강(104)은 약 50 내지 1000㎛ 사이의 깊이를 가지며 약 500㎛의 깊이가 바람직하다.
강의 기부에는 도면의 평면 안으로 및 도면의 평면과 평행하게 펼쳐진 융기부(106)의 배열이 제공된 것이 바람직하다. 융기부는 약 50 내지 200㎛ 깊이가 바람직하며, 약 2 내지 3mm공간이 떨어져 있다. 융기부의 목적은 더 잘 혼합시키기 위해 난류를 제공하는 것이다. 강의 기부 표면은 충돌 광의 반사를 막도록 광을 흡수하는 것이 바람직하다.
기질(112)을 강(104)위에 장착한다. 기질에는 사이에 낀 링커 분자와 함께 또는 링커 분자 없이, NVOC와 같은 광제거성 보호 그룹의 그의 기부 표면(114)을 따라 제공되어 있다. 기질은 광범위한 광에 투명한 것이 바람직하지만, 일부 실시태양에서는 보호 그룹이 제거될 수 있는 파장에서만 투명하다(예 : NVOC의 경우 UV). 일부 실시태양에서 기질은 통상적인 현미경 유리슬라이드 또는 커버 슬립이다. 기질은 가능한한 얇은 것이 바람직하지만, 그러나 적절한 물리적 지지를 제공해야 한다. 바람직하게는, 기질은 약 1㎜ 미만, 바람직하게는 0.5㎜미만, 보다 바람직하게는 0.1㎜미만의 두께, 가장 바람직하게는 0.05㎜미만의 두께이다. 다른 바람직한 실시태양에서, 기질은 석영 또는 실리콘이다. 기질 및 몸체는 유입구(108)와 유출구(110)를 제외한 강의 밀봉을 돕는다.
일부 실시태양에서는 몸체와기질을 밀봉시키기 위해 하나 이상의 가스켓과 맞출수 있다. 바람직한 실시태양에 의하면, 몸체는 2개의 동심 가스켓이 제공되어 있으며, 사이에 낀 공간은 기질이 가스켓에 확실히 맞도록 진공으로 유지시킨다.
유체를 펌프(116)(예를들면, 엘덱스 래보라토리즈(Eldex Laboratories)에서 제작한 모델번호 B-120-S)에 의해 유입구를 통해 강에 펌프한다. 선택된 유체는 펌프에 의해 강으로, 강을 통해 순환하고 재순환 또는 폐기시키기 위해 출구 밖으로 배출시킨다. 반응기를 초음파 방사에 적용하고/하거나 일부 태양에서는 교반에 도움을 주기 위해 가열할 수 있다.
기질(112)위에, 예를들면 초점 길이가 2ⁿ100㎜의 융합된 실리카 렌즈일 수 있는 렌즈(120)를 준비한다. 소형 시스템을 위해, 광원(124)으로부터 나온 광을 기질 위에 향하도록 하는데 반사거울(122)을 제공할 수 있다. 광원(124)은 예를들면 오리엘(Oriel)에서 제작한 모델번호 66024의 Xe(Hg) 광원일 수있다. 기질상에 마스크상을 투영할 목적으로 두 번째 렌즈(126)를 렌즈(120)와 함께 제공할 수 있다. 이러한 평판인쇄법 형태를 본 발명에서는 확대상 투영법(projection printing)으로 부른다. 이 설명으로부터 분명하듯이, 일부 실시태양에 의하면 근접 프린팅등도 또한 사용할 수 있다.
광원으로부터 나온 광은 마스크(128)에 의해 기질상에 선택된 위치에만 도달하는 것이 가능하다. 마스크(128)는 예를들면 에칭된 크롬을 위해 갖는 유리 슬라이드일 수 있다. 하나의 실시태양에서 마스크(128)는 투명한 지역과 불투명한 지역의 격자를 갖추고 있다. 이러한 마스크는 예를들면 포토 싸이언스즈, 인코포레이티드(Photo Sciences, Inc)에서 제작한 마스크 일 수 있다. 광은 마스크의 투명한 영역을 통해 자유롭게 통과하지만, 다른 영역으로부터 반사되거나 또는 다른 영역에 의해 흡수된다. 그러므로, 기질의 단지 선택된 영역만이 광에 노출된다.
상기 기술한 바와 같이, 기질의 영역을 선택적으로 노출시키는데 대한 통상적인 마스크에 대안으로 광 밸브(LCD)를 사용할 수 있다. 달리는, 섬유 광학 면판(面板)(예: 스콧글래쓰, 인코포레이티드(Schott Glass Inc.)로부터 구입할 수 있는 면판)을 마스크의 콘트라스트 증대를 목적으로 또는 광이 적용되는 영역을 제한하는 유일한 수단으로 사용할 수 있다. 상기 면판들을 제8a도에 도시한 반응기의 기질위에 또는 기질 표면에 놓을 것이다. 더욱더 다른 실시태양에서는, 콘트라스트 증대를 위해 복안 렌즈, 테이퍼 섬유 광학 면판 등을 사용할 수 있다.
광의 파장보다 적은 영역을 조명하기 위해서, 보다 더 정교한 기법을 사용할 수 있다. 예를들면, 하나의 바람직한 실시태양에 의하면, 광을 예를들면 마이크로피펫 끝위의 미세 분자 결정에 의해 기질이 향하도록 한다. 이러한 장치는 모든 목적을 위해 본 발명에 참고로 인용한 문헌[LiebermanA Light Source Smaller Than the Optical Wavelength,(1990): 59-61]에 개시되어 있다.
작업할 때, 기질을 강위에 놓고 거기에서 밀봉시킨다. 기질의 제조 공정에서 모든 작업은 보호 그룹이 제거되는 광범위를 벗어난 파장의 광에 의해 주로 또는 전적으로 밝혀진 방에서 수행한다. 예를들면, NVOC의 경우 방은 거의 UV광을 제공하지 않는 통상적인 암실 광으로 밝혀야만 한다. 모든 작업은 대략 실온에서 수행하는 것이 바람직하다.
먼저, 탈보호 유체(단량체가 없는)를 강해 통해 순환시킨다. 용액은 노출된 아미노 그룹을 양자화시키는데 도움을 주고, 광분해 부산물과의 반응성을 감소시키는 디옥산 용액중의 5mM 황산인 것이 바람직하다. N, N-디에틸아미노 2, 4-디니트로벤젠과 같은 흡착 물질을 예를들면 광을 흡착시키고 반사 및 원치 않는 광분해를 방지하는데 도움을 주는 탈보호 유체중에 포함시킬 수 있다.
그후, 슬라이드를 기질상의 제1지역이 조명되고 그 결과 탈보호되도록 마스크로부터의 광 레이패스(raypath)에 놓는다. 바람직한 실시태양에서는 10 내지 20mW/㎠에서 365nm의 광을 약 1 내지 15분간, 바람직하게는 약 10분간 기질에 조명한다. 광분해 한 후 슬라이드를 예를들면 염화 메틸렌중의 디이소프로필에틸아민(DIEA)용액으로 약 5분간 중화시킨다(즉,PH를 약 7로 만든다).
이어서 제1단량체를 기질상의 제1위치에 놓는다. 방사선 조사 후, 슬라이드를 제거하고, 대량 처리한 후 흐르는 쎌중에 다시 설치한다. 다른 방법으로는, 바람직하게는 또한 보호 그룹으로 보호된, 제1단량체를 함유하는 유체를 펌프(116)에 의해 강을 통해 순환시킨다. 예를들면, 아미노산 Y를 기질의 제1위치에 결합시키려면, 아미노산 Y(그의 α-질소상에 보호 그룹을 함유)를 단량체 반응성으로 만드는데 사용된 시약 및/ 또는 운반체와 함께 , 저장용기(118)로부터 펌프에 의해, 강을 통해 순환시키고 펌프의 유입구에 다시 들여 보낸다.
바람직한 실시태양에서, 단량체 운반 용액은 제1용액(본 발명에서는 용액A로 칭함)과 제2용액(본 발명에서는 용액B로 칭함)을 혼합하므로써 형성된다. 하기 표2는 용액 A에 사용할 수 있는 혼합물을 예시한다.
용액 B의 조성을 하기 표3에 예시한다. 용액 A와 B를 혼합하고 실온에서 약 8분간 반응시킨 후, DMF 2㎖로 희석시키고, 용액 500㎕을 슬라이드 표면에 적용하거나 또는 반응기 시스템을 통해 용액을 순환시키고 실온에서 약 2시간동안 반응시킨다. 이어서 슬라이드를 DMF, 염화 메틸렌 및 에탄올로 세척한다.
결합시킬 단량체를 함유하는 용액을 강을 통해 순환시킬 때, 아미노산 또는 다른 단량체는 이미 탈보호된 기질의 영역상의 아미노 그룹과 그의 카복시 말단에서 반응할 것이다. 물론, 단량체를 강을 통해 순환시키므로써 본 발명을 예시하고 있지만, 반응기로부터 슬라이드를 제거하고 이를 적절한 단량체 용액안에 침수시키므로써 본 발명을 실행할 수도 있다.
제1단량체를 첨가한후, 이어서 제1아미노산 함유 용액을 시스템으로부터 파지한다. 아미노산을 확실히 제거할 수 있기에 충분한 양(예를들면, 강 및 운반 라인의 부피의 약 50배)의 DMF/ 염화 메틸렌을 순환시킨 후, 마스크 또는 기질을 재배치하거나 또는 기질상의 제2영역을 광에 노출시키고 두 번째로 노출시키는 동안 광(124)이 인게이지되도록 새로운 마스크를 사용한다. 이 작업은 기질상의 제2영역을 탈보호시킬 것이고 원하는 중합체 서열이 합성 될 때까지 공정을 반복한다.
이어서 유도된 전 기질을 예를들면 수용체 용액 또는 현탁액을 강을 통해 순환시키거나 또는 슬라이드 표면에 대량 접촉시키므로써 형광 마커로 표지된 대상 수용체에 노출시키는 것이 바람직하다. 수용체를 상보적서열을 함유하는 기질의 특정 영역에 결합시키는 것이 바람직할 것이다.
항체는 수퍼칵테일(supercocktail)로 흔히 부르는, 예를들면 PBS(포스페이트 완충 염수)완충액중의 약 1%BSA(소혈청 알부민), 0.5% 트윈(Tween )비이온성 세재 용액일 수 있는 용액에 현탁시키는 것이 전형적이다. 항체를 수퍼칵테일 완충액에 예를들면 약 0.1 내지 4㎍/㎖의 최종 농도로 희석시킨다.
제8b도는 제8a도에 도시한 반응기의 다른 바람직한 실시태양을 도시한다. 이 실시태양에 의하면, 마스크(128)를 기질과 직접 접촉하도록 놓는다. 바람직하게는, 광 분산 효과를 감소시키기 위해 마스크의 에칭부분을 밑으로 놓는다. 이 실시태양에 의하면, 마스크가 기질과 근접하게 제공되기 때문에 렌즈(120) 및 (126)은 필수적이지 않는다.
이 기법의 신호 대 잡음 비(SN 비)를 증가시키기 위해, 본 발명의 일부 실시태양은 기질을 제1표지 또는 비표지 수용체에 노출시킨 후 제1수용체상의 여러 부위에 결합하는 표지된 제2수용체(예를들면, 항체)에 노출시킨다. 예를들면, 제1수용체가 제1동물종으로부터 유도된 항체라면, 제2수용체는 제1종과 관련된 에피토프에 지정된 제2종으로부터 유도된 항체이다. 마우스 항체의 경우, 예를들면, 항-마우스인 형광 표지된 염소 항체 또는 항 혈청을 마우스 항체위의 여러 부위에서 결합시키는데 사용할 수 있으며, 각 결합 부위에 하나의 마우스 항체가 결합했을 때에 비해 여러배의 형광성을 제공한다. 이 공정을 추가의 신호증폭을 위해 추가의 항체(예를들면, 염소-마우스-염소, 등)과 함께 다시 반복할 수 있다.
바람직한 실시태양에서는, 규칙적인 마스크 서열을 사용한다. 몇몇 실시태양에서는, 일정한 단량체 세트로 된 가능한 모든 중합체를 합성하기 위해 가능한한 적은 단일 마스크를 사용하는 것도 가능하다.
예를들면, 4개의 염기로부터 모두 16개의 디뉴클레오티드를 합성하려면, 1㎝의 정사각형 합성 영역을 각각 0.25㎝ 너비의 16개 박스로 개념적으로 분할한다. 4개의 단량체 단위를 A,B,C 및 D로 칭한다. 제1반응은 4개의 수직 칼럼(즉, 0.25㎝너비)에서 수행한다. 제1마스크는 박스의 맨 왼쪽 칼럼을 노출시키며, 여기에서, A가 커플링된다. 제2마스크가 다음 칼럼을 노출시키며, 여기에서, B가 커플링된다. 제3마스크가 C컬럼을 노출시키고 최종 마스크가 맨 오른쪽 칼럼 D를 노출시킨다. 제1, 제2, 제3 및 제4마스크는 상이한 위치로 병진되는 단일 마스크일 수 있다.
공정을 이량체의 제2단위를 위해 수평 방향으로 반복한다. 이번에 마스크는 수평 열의 노출을 허용하며, 너비는 또한 0.25㎝이다. A,B,C 및 D를 평행의 4개의 반응 영역을 노출시키는 마스크를 사용하여 연속적으로 커플링시킨다. 생선된 기질은 4개의 염기로된 모두 16개의 디뉴클레오티드를 함유한다.
디뉴클레오티드를 합성하는데 사용된 8개의 마스크는 병진 또는 회전에 의해 서로 부합된다. 사실상, 마스크가 적절히 회전 및 병진된다면, 8단계 모두에서 하나의 마스크를 사용할 수 있다. 예를들면, 상기 실시예에서 단일 투명 영역을 갖는 마스크를 수직 칼럼 각각을 노출시키는데 연속적으로 사용할 수 있었으며, 90°로 병진시켜 이어서 수평 열을 노출시키는데 연속적으로 사용할 수 있었다.
하기 표4 및 5는 제1레벨에서 3개의 상이한 단량체를 갖는 3개의 단량체로 된 중합체 쇄(residues), 제2레벨에서 4개의 상이한 단량체를 갖는 중합체 쇄 및 제3레벨에서 5개의 상이한 단량체를 갖는 중합체 쇄를 스트립패턴(striped pattern)으로 합성하기 위해, 마스킹 프로그램 및 샘플 출력 각각을 설계하기 위한 퀵 베이직(Quick Basic)으로 짠 간단한 컴퓨터 프로그램을 제공한다. 프로그램의 출력은 쎌의 수(the number of cells), 각 마스크상의 stripes(밝은 영역)의 수(number of stripes), 및 마스크를 각각 노출시키는데 필요한 병진의 양에 관한 것이다.
Ⅴ.
제9도는 기질상의 형광 표시된 수용체를 검출하기 위한 형광 검출 장치를 예시한다. 기질(112)을 x/y 병진 테이블(202)위에 놓는다. 바람직한 태양으로, x/y 병진 테이블은 뉴포트 코포레이션(Newport Corporation)사에서 제작한 모델번호 PM-500-A1이다. x/y 병진 테이블은 적절히 프로그램된 디지틀 컴퓨터(204)(예를들면, 적절히 프로그램된 IBM PC/AT 또는 AT 겸용식 컴퓨터일 수 있다)에 연결되어서 이에 의해 제어된다. 본 발명에서 예시하기 위해 사용된 AT컴퓨터는 다른 컴퓨터 시스템, 특별한 목적의 하드웨어 등으로 쉽게 대체될 수 있음은 물론이다. 본 원에서 기술한 병진 및 데이터 수집 기능용 컴퓨터 소프트웨어는, 예를들면 본원에서 모든 목적에 대해 참고로 인용한 내셔날 인스트루먼츠(National Instruments)사에 의해 인가된 랩 윈도우즈(Lab Windows)를 포함한 상업적으로 시판하는 소프트웨어를 기초로하여 제공될 수 있다.
기질 및 x/y 병진 테이블은 하나 이상의 대물 렌즈(208)를 포함하는 현미경(206) 아래에 놓인다. 일부 태양에서는 스펙트라피직스(Spectraphysics)사에서 제조한 모델번호 2020-05의 아르곤 이온 레이저인 레이저(210)로부터 나오는 광(약 488nm)을, 약 520nm 이상의 광은 통과시키나 488nm의 광은 반사시키는 색선별 거울(207)에 의해 기질로 향하게 한다. 섹선별 거울(207)은, 예를들면 칼 제이스(Carl Zeiss)사에서 제조한 모델번호 FT 510일 수도 있다. 이어서, 거울로부터 반사된 광은 현미경(206)으로 들어가는데,상기 현미경은, 예를들면 칼제이스사에서 제조한 모델번호 액시오스코프(Axioscope) 20일 수 있다. 기질상의 형광-표지된 물질은 488nm의 광보다 더 큰 형광을 발하여, 형광된 광은 현미경에 의해 집속되어 거울을 통과할 것이다. 그다음, 기질로부터 형광 광은 파장 필터(209)를 통과한 후 구경 플레이트(211)을 통과한다. 파장필터(209)는, 예를들면 멜렉스 그리오트(Melles Griot)사에서 제조한 모델번호 OG530일 수 있으며, 구경 플레이트(211)는, 예를들면 칼 제이스사에서 제조한 모델번호477352/477380일 수 있다.
그런후에, 형광 광은 광전자 증배관(212)(일부 태양에서 상기 광전자 증배관은 하마마쯔(Hamamatsu)사에서 제조한 모델번호 R943-02이다)으로 들어가서, 신호는 전치 증폭기(Pre-Amp)(214)에서 증폭되고 광자는 광자 카운터(216)에 의해 계수(count)된다. 광자수는 컴퓨터(204)에서 위치 함수로서 기록된다. 전치-증폭기(214)는, 예를들면, 스탠포드 리서치 시스템즈(Stanford Research Systems)사에서 제조한 모델번호 SR440일 수 있으며, 광자 카운터(216)는 스탠포드 리서치 시스템즈사에서 제조한 모델번호 SR400일 수 있다. 이어서, 기질을 후속 위치로 옮겨 상기 공정을 반복한다. 바람직한 태양으로, 데이터는 매 1 내지 100㎛마다 수득되며, 약 0.8 내지 10㎛의 데이터 수집 직경이 바람직하다. 충분히 높은 형광성을 갖는 태양에서는, 광범위한 조명을 갖는 CCD(Charge Coupled Device) 검출기를 사용한다.
일정 면적에서 레이저에 응답하여 생성된 광자 수를 계수함으로써, 형광 표지된 분자가 기질상의 어느 위치에 존재하는지를 측정할 수 있다. 결과적으로, 표면상에 예를들면 합성된 폴리펩티드의 매트릭스를 갖는 슬라이드의 경우, 폴리펩티드중 어느 것이 형광 표지된 수용체에 상보적인지를 측정할 수 있다.
바람직한 태양에 의하면, 기질에 가해지는 광의 강도 및 기간은, 형광 방출을 최대화 하고 백그라운드 잡음을 최소화하여 향상된 신호-대-잡음 비에 대한 레이저 전력 및 스캔 단 속도(scan stage rate)를 변화시킴으로써 제어된다.
본 원에서 검출 장치는 주로 표지된 수용체의 검출에 관해 예시하였으나, 본 발명은 다른 분야에서의 용도를 찾을 것이다. 예를들면, 본원에 개시한 검출 장치는 촉매, DNA 또는 단백질 겔 주사 등의 분야에 사용할 수 있다.
Ⅵ.
본 발명의 신호-대-잡음 비는 리간드상에 수용체가 존재 또는 부재하는지를 검출할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 다양한 서열에 대한 수용체의 상대 결합 친화성을 검출할 수 있을 만큼 충분히 높다.
실제로, 수용체는 배열중의 다양한 펩티드 서열에 결합할 것이지만 다른 것보다 몇몇 서열에 훨씬 더 강하게 결합하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본원에서, 강한 결합 친화도는, 많은 수용체 분자가 강하게 결합된 리간드 영역에서 결합될 것이므로 강한 형광 또는 방사선 신호에 의해 입증될 것이다. 역으로, 약한 결합 친화도는, 수용체에 대한 약한 결합 친화도를 갖는 리간드를 함유한 기질의 특정 영역에서 결합되는 비교적 소수의 수용체 분자로 인해 약한 형광 또는 방사선 신호에 의해 입증될 것이다. 결과적으로, 상기 리간드를 함유하는 영역에서 형광 또는 방사선 신호의 강도에 의해 본 발명의 리간드 상대 결합 능력(또는 일가 상호작용의 경우에는 친화도)을 측정할 수 있게 된다.
친화도에 관한 세미정량적 데이터는 또한 세척 조건 및 수용체 농도를 변화시킴으로써 수득될 수도 있다. 이 작업은 예를들면, 공지된 리간드 수용체 쌍과 비교함으로써 수행된다.
Ⅶ.
하기 실시예는 본 발명의 효과를 예시하기 위해 나타낸다. 모든 공정은 달리 언급하지 않는 한 대략 주위온도 및 압력에서 수행하였다.
(A).
반응성 그룹을 결합시키기전에, 기질(바람직한 태양으로 상기 기질은 현미경 슬라이드 또는 커버 슬립과 같은 유리기질이다)을 깨끗이 하는 것이 바람직하다. 한 태양에 따라서, 슬라이드를, 예를들면 120㎖의 물을 함유한 95% 에탄올 1ℓ와 수산화 나트륨 120g으로 이루어진 알칼리 욕조중에 12시간동안 침지시킨다. 이어서, 슬라이드를 유수(running water)하에 세척하고 공기 건조시킨 후 95% 에탄올 용액으로 1회 헹군다.
이어서, 링커 분자상에서 유리표면에 아미노 그룹을 결합시킬 목적으로, 예를들면, 아미노프로필트리에톡시실란으로 슬라이드를 아미노화시키는데,이때 임의의 오메가 작용성 실란도 또한 상기 목적에 사용할 수 있다. 한 태양으로, 0.1% 아미노 프로필트리에톡시실란을 사용하나, 10-7% 내지 10%의 농도를 갖는 용액을 사용할 수도 있으며 약 10-3%내지 2%가 바람직하다. 100㎖의 95% 에탄올/5% 물 혼합물에 100㎕의 아미노 프로필트리에톡시실란을 가함으로써 0.1% 혼합물을 제조한다. 혼합물을 회전 진탕기 상에서 대략 주위온도에서 약 5분간 교반시킨다. 이어서, 상기 혼합물 500㎕를 각각의 깨끗한 슬라이드의 한쪽 면의 표면에 적용시킨다. 4분 후에, 슬라이드에서 상기 용액을 경사분리한 후, 예를들면 100% 에탄올중에 침지시킴으로써 3회 헹군다.
플레이트를 건조시킨 후에, 이들을 110내지 120℃의 진공 오븐중에서 약 20분간 방치한 다음 아르곤 대기하에 약 12시간동안 실온에서 경화시킨다. 이어서, 슬라이드를 DMF(디메틸포름아미드) 용액중에 침지시킨 후 염화 메틸렌으로 충분히 세척한다.
그런후에, 아미노화된 슬라이드 표면을, 각각의 아미노 그룹에 NVOC-GABA(감마 아미노 부티르산)를 결합시키기 위해 예를들면 DMF 중의 NVOC-GABA NHS(N-하이드록시숙신이미드)의 30mM 용액 약 500㎕과 접촉시킨다.
표면을 예를들면 DMF, 염화 메틸렌 및 에탄올로 세척한다.
표면상의 임의의 미반응 아미노프로필실란(즉, NVOC-GABA가 결합되지 않는 아미노 그룹)을 이제 피리딘중의 아세트산 무수물의 3:1 혼합물에 1시간동안 노출시켜 아세틸 그룹으로 캡핑(추가의 반응을 방지하기위해)시킨다. 상기 잔기 캡핑 기능을 수행할 수 있는 다른 물질로는 트리플루오로아세트산 무수물, 포름산아세트산 무수물, 또는 기타 반응성 아실화제가 포함된다. 마지막으로 슬라이드를 DMF, 염화 메틸렌 및 에탄올로 다시 세척한다.
(B)
제10도는 2개-단량체 세트 : gly, phe(각각 A 및 B로 표시함)의 가능한 8개 삼량체의 합성을 예시한다.
6-니트로베라트릴록시카복스아미드(NVOC-NH) 잔기로 종결되는 실란 그룹을 갖는 유리 슬라이드를 기질로 제조한다. 아미노 그룹에서 NVOC로 보호된 gly와 phe의 활성 에스테르(펜타플루오로페닐, OBt등)를 시약으로서 제조한다. 본 실시예에 해당되는 것은 아니지만, 단량체의 세트에 측쇄 보호 그룹이 필요한 경우에는, 이들 보호그룹은 주쇄를 보호하기 위해 사용된 광의 파장에서 광반응성이 아니어야 한다.
크기 n의 단량체 세트의 경우, 길이 ℓ의 모든 가능한 서열을 합성하기 위해서는 n ×ℓ사이클이 필요하다. 사이클은 하기 단계 1 및 2로 이루어진다. :
1. 적절한 마스크를 통해 조사하여 다음 잔기가 부가될 부위의 아미노 그룹을 노출시키면서, 적절히 세척하여 탈보호 반응의 부산물을 제거한다.
2. 적절히 세척하여 표면으로부터 과량의 시약을 제거하면서, 단계 1.에서 지정된 부위에서만 반응하는(동일한 광화학 반응성 그룹으로) 활성화되고 보호된 단일 단량체를 부과시킨다.
한 태양에서 표면상의 각 위치가 하나의 잔기만큼 연장될 때까지 단량체 세트의 구성원 각각에 대해 상기 사이클을 반복한다. 다른 태양으로, 다른 위치로 진행되기 전에 한 위치에서 다양한 잔기를 차례로 부가시킨다. 사이클 시간은 일반적으로 커플링 반응 속도에 의해 제한될 것이며, 자동 펩티드 합성기에서는 20분정도의 짧은 시간이다. 상기 단계 후에 임의로 보호 그룹을 부가하여 후속 시험을 위해 배열을 안정화시킨다. 일부 중합체 타입(예를들면, 펩티드)의 경우에는, 전 표면의 최종 탈보호(광보호성 측쇄 그룹의 제거)가 필요할 수도 있다.
더욱 특히, 제10a도에 도시한 바와 같이, 유리(20)에 영역(22), (24), (26), (28), (30), (32), (34) 및 (36)을 제공한다. 영역(30), (32), (34) 및 (36)은 제10b도에 도시된 바와 같이 마스크하며, 유리는 조사하여 A(예를 들면, gly)를 함유하는 시약에 노출시켜 제10c도에 나타낸 구조를 생성시킨다. 그런후에, 영역(22), (24), (26) 및 (28)을 마스크하고, 유리를 방사선조사(제10d도에 나타낸 바와 같이)하여 B(예를 들면, phe)를 함유하는 시약에 노출시켜 제10e도에 나타낸 구조를 생성시킨다. 제10m도에 나타낸 구조가 수득될 때까지 도시한 바와 같은 부분을 연속적으로 마스크하고 노출시켜 공정을 진행한다. 유리를 방사선조사하고, 임의로 말단 그룹을 아세틸화시켜 캡핑한다. 나타낸 바와 같이, gly/phe의 가능한 모든 삼량체가 수득된다.
본 실시예에서는, 측쇄 보호 그룹을 제거할 필요가 없다. 경우에 따라서, 에탄디티올 및 트리플루오로아세트산으로 처리함으로써 측쇄를 탈보호시킬 수도 있다.
일반적으로, 특정 중합체 쇄를 수득하기 위해 필요한 단계의 수는 다음과 같이 정의한다 :
n × ℓ (1)
상기 식에서, n은 기본 단량체 세트중의 단량체 수이고, ℓ은 중합체 쇄중의 단량체 단위의 수이다.
반대로, 길이 ℓ의 합성된 서열의 수는 다음과 같은 것이다 :
nℓ(2)
ℓ미만의 길이를 갖는 중합체의 합성을 또한 포함하는 마스킹 기법을 사용함으로써 보다 큰 다양성이 수득됨은 물론이다. 극단의 경우로, 모든 ℓ이하의 길이를 갖는 중합체가 합성되면, 합성된 중합체의 수는 다음과 같을 것이다 :
nℓ+n1-ℓ+… +ℓ(3)
필요한 석판인쇄 단계의 최대 수는 일반적으로 단량체의 각 층에 대해 n일 것이다. 즉, 필요한 마스크이 총 수( 및, 따라서 석판인쇄 단계의 수)는 n × ℓ이 될 것이다. 투명한 마스크 영역의 크기는 합성에 이용가능한 기질의 면적 및 형성될 서열의 수에 따라 다를 것이다. 일반적으로 합성 면적의 크기는 다음과 같을 것이다 :
합성 면적의 크기 = (A)/(시퀸스)
여기서, A는 합성에 이용가능한 총 면적이고, 시퀸스는 상기 면적중의 목적하는 서열의 수이다.
당해 분야에 숙련된 자라면, 상기 방법을 사용하여 용이하게 본원에 개시한 사진 석판인쇄 기법을 이용함으로써 기질상에 수천 또는 수백만개의 올리고머를 동시에 생성시킬수 있음을 알 것이다. 결과적으로, 상기 방법에 의해 많은, 예를들면 디, 트리, 테트라, 펜타, 헥사, 헵타, 옥타펩티드, 도데카펩티드 또는 보다 고차 폴리펩티드(또는 상응하게 폴리뉴클레오티드)를 실제로 시험할 수 있는 능력이 얻어진다.
상기 실시예는 수동조작 예로써 본 발명을 예시하였다. 물론 자동 또는 반자동 방법을 사용할 수 있음을 알 것이다. 자동화된 부가 및 시약 제거시, 필요한 시약의 부피를 최소화하고 보다 조심스럽게 반응 조건을 제어하기 위해 유통 쎌(flow cell)중에 기질을 장착시킨다. 수동 또는 자동으로 마스크를 연속적으로 적용시킬 수 있다.
(C).
아미노프로필 그룹과 형광 그룹의 이량체를 합성할 때, 작용화된 듀라포어(durapore)막을 기질로 사용하였다. 듀라포어막은 아미노프로필 그룹을 갖는 디플루오르화 폴리비닐리딘이다. 염화 카보닐을 아미노 그룹과 반응(상기 반응을 당해 분야에 숙련된 자에게 쉽게 공지된다)시켜 아미노프로필 그룹을 DDZ그룹으로 보호시켰다. 이들 그룹을 갖는 표면을 THF 용액중에 넣고 1㎜의 불투명한 영역과 투명한 영역의 바둑판무늬 패턴을 나타내는 마스크와 접촉시켰다. 주위 온도에서 최소 적어도 280㎚의 파장을 갖는 자외선에 마스크를 약 5분간 노출시켰으나,본 발명의 다양한 태양으로 광범위한 노출시간 및 온도를 적절히 사용할 수도 있다. 예를 들면, 한 실시태양으로, -70 내지 50℃의 공정 온도에서 약 1 내지 5000초의 노출시간을 사용할 수도 있다.
한 바람직한 실시태양으로, 대략 주위 온도에서 약 1내지 500초의 노출시간을 사용한다. 몇몇 바람직한 실시태양에서는, 주위 압력 이상의 압력을 사용하여 증발을 방지한다.
이어서, 막 표면의 란탄족의 킬레이트에 결합된 활성에스테르를 포함한 형광 표지로 약 1시간동안 세척하였다. 세척시간은 대략 수분 내지 수시간의 광범위한 값으로 달라질 것이다. 이들 물질은 적색 및 녹색 가시영역에서 형광을 나타낸다. 형광단중의 활성 에스테르와의 반응이 완료된 후에, 형광단이 결합된 위치는 이들을 자외선에 노출시키고 적색 및 녹색 형광성을 곤측하므로써 가시화될 수 있다. 기질의 유도된 영역은 마스크의 원래 패턴과 밀접하게 상응하는 것으로 관찰되었다.
(D).
신호 검출 능력은 플로우 사이토메트리 스탠다드(Flow Cytometry Standard)사에서 제조한 모델번호 824의 저-레벨 표준 형광 비이드 키트를 사용하여 입증하였다. 상기 키트는 각각 알려진 수의 플루오레신 분자가 함침된 5.8㎛직경의 비이드를 포함한다.
초기에 폐쇄시킨 레이저 스폿 범위에 속하는 제9도에 나타낸 바와 같은 스캔 단 상의 조명 범위내에 상기 비이드중 하나를 놓았다. 조명 범위내에 위치시킨 후에, 광자 검출 장비를 작동시켰다. 레이저 빔은 차단되지 않고 입자비이드와 상호 작용한 후 형광을 발하였다. 7,000 및 13,000개의 플루오레신 분자를 주입시킨 비이드의 형광 곡선을 각각 제11a도 및 제11b도에 나타낸다. 각 곡선상에, 플루오레신 분자를 갖지 않는 비이드에 대한 결과도 또한 나타낸다. 이들 실험은 100㎼의 레이저 전력을 사용하여 488㎚의 여기하에 수행하였다.
40배율의 0.75NA 대물렌즈를 통해 광선을 집속시켰다.
모든 경우에서 형광 강도는 높은 값에서 출발하여 지수적으로 감소시켰다. 강도의 감소는 플루오레신 분자의 광표백에 기인한다. 플루오레신 분자를 갖지 않는 비이드의 결과를 백그라운드 감법에 사용한다. 표지된 비이드와 비표지된 비이드 사이의 초기 지수함수형 감소의 차이를 적분하여 총 광자 카운트수를 수득하며, 이 숫자는 비이드당 분자수와 관련된다. 그러므로, 검출될 수 있는 플루오레신 분자당 광자 수를 추론하는 것이 가능하다. 제11a도 및 제11b도에 예시된 곡선의 경우, 상기 계산법에 의해 플루오레신 분자당 약 40 내지 50개의 광자의 방사선이 검출됨을 알 수 있다.
(E).
전술한 방법에 의해 제조한 아미노프로필화된 유리 현미경 슬라이드를 슬라이드의 표지화 밀도를 확립시키기 위해 사용했다. 슬라이드의 유리 아미노 말단들은 FITC(플루오레신 이소티오시아네이트)와 반응하여 아미노그룹과 공유결합을 형성한다. 이어서 슬라이드에 스캐닝(scanning)하여 영역에서 생성된 형광 광자 수를 계산하는데, 여기에서는 형광 분자당 추정된 40 내지 50개의 광자를 사용하여 단위 면적당 표면상에 있는 분자수를 계산할 수 있다.
표면상에 아미노프로필 실란을 갖는 슬라이드를 대략 주위온도에서 1시간동안 DMF 중의 1mM FITC 용액에 침지시킨다. 반응시킨 후, 슬라이드를 DMF로 2회 세척한 후, 에탄올, 물 및 다시 에탄올로 세척한다. 건조시키고 시험할 때까지 암소에서 보관한다.
제11a도 및 제11b도에 나타낸 곡선과 유사한 곡선을 사용하여 지수적으로 붕괴하는 신호밑의 형광 카운트를 적분하므로써, 유도시킨 후 표면상의 유리 아미노 그룹수를 측정한다. 10³X 10³내지 ∼2×2㎚당 하나의 플루오레신의 표지밀도를 갖는 슬라이드로부터 10-5%에서 10-1%로 변화하는 아미노프로필에톡시실란의 농도를 재현가능하게 제조할 수 있음을 결론으로 맺는다.
(F).
NVOC-GABA 그룹들을 전술한 바와 같이 결합시킨다. 하나의 슬라이드의 전 표면을 광에 노출시켜 감마 아미노 부티르산의 말단의 유리 아미노 그룹을 노출시킨다. 이 슬라이드 및 노출시키지 않는 한쌍의 슬라이드를 이어서 플루오레신 이소티오시아네이트(FITC)에 노출시킨다.
제12a도는 광에 노출되지 않고 FITC에 노출시킨 슬라이드를 도시한다. x축의 단위는 시간이고 y축의 단위는 카운트이다. 미량은 백그라운드 형광성의 특정양을 함유한다. 한쌍의 슬라이드를 약 1분간 350㎚의 넓은 띠 조명에 노출시키고(12㎽/㎠, ∼350㎚ 조명), 세척하고 FITC와 반응시킨다. 이 슬라이드에 대한 형광 곡선을 제12b도에 도시한다. 형광도의 커다란 증가가 관찰되며, 이 사실은 형광 마커의 부착을 위해 슬라이드 표면상의 다수의 아미노산이 광분해로부터 노출되었음을 나타낸다.
(G).
다음 실험은 0.1% 아미노프로필화된 슬라이드와 함께 수행한다. Hg-Xe 아아크 (arc)램프로부터 나온 광을 기질과 직접 접촉하고 있는 유리 마스크상의 레이저-흡열된 크롬을 통해 기질상에 상형성시킨다.
이 슬라이드를 약 5분간 350㎚ 넓은 띠 광 12㎽로 조명한후 1mM FITC용액과 반응시킨다. 이를 레이저 검출 스캐닝 단계에 놓고 형광 강도에 대해 칼라-코드된 위치의 2차원 표현으로 그라프의 도면을 작성한다. 여러 마스크를 통해 여러번 실험을 반복한다. 100×100㎛ 마스크, 50㎛ 마스크, 20㎛ 마스크 및 10㎛ 마스크에 대한 형광 패턴은 석판인쇄 기법을 사용하여 최소 적어도 약 10㎛의 정사각형까지 마스크 유형이 뚜렷하다고 나타낸다.
(H).
특정 폴리펩티드 서열에 대한 수용체가, 표면 결합된 펩티드에 결합하여 검출되는 것을 입증하기 위해, Leu enkephalin을 표면에 커플링시키고 항체에 의해 인식시킨다. 슬라이드를 0.1% 아미노프로필-트리에톡시실란으로 유도시키고 NVOC로 보호한다. 500㎛ 바둑판 무늬 마스크를 사용하여 배면 접촉 인쇄법을 사용하는 유통 쎌중의 슬라이드를 노출시킨다. Leu enkephalin 서열(H2N-티로신, 글리신, 글리신, 페닐알라닌, 튜신-CO2H, 본원에서는 YGGFL로 달리 부름)을 슬라이드 표면상의 노출된 아미노 그룹에 그의 카복시 말단을 통해 결합시킨다. 펩티드를 BOP/HOBT/DIEA 커플링 시약을 갖는 DMF 용액 형태로 첨가하고 실온에서 2시간동안 유통 쎌을 통해 재순환시킨다.
Herz 항체로 알려진 제1항체를 수퍼칵테일(이 경우 1% BSA 및 1% 난알부민을 또한 함유)중의 2㎍/㎖로 45분간 슬라이드 표면에 적용한다. 이어서, 제2항체인 염소 항-마우스 플루오레신 접합체를 수퍼칵테일 완충액중의 2㎍/㎖로 첨가하고 2시간동안 배양시킨다.
10㎛단에서 상을 형성시켰는데, 탈보호가 분명한 패턴으로 수행될 수 있을 뿐 아니라 (1)상기 방법은 펩티드를 기질 표면에 성공적으로 커플링시키며, (2) 결합된 펩티드 표면은 항체와의 결합에 이용될 수 있고, (3) 검출 장치의 능력은 수용체의 결합을 검출하기에 충분하다고 나타났다.
(I).
바둑판 무늬 패턴으로 슬라이드위에서 YGGFL와 GGFL를 교대 정사각형으로 단량체씩 합성시키고 생성된 슬라이드를 Herz 항체에 노출시킨다. 이 실험을 제13a도 및 제13b도에 도시한다.
제13a도에서는, 이 경우 t-BOC(t-부톡시카보닐)로 보호된, 아미노프로필 그룹으로 유도시킨 슬라이드를 나타낸다. 슬라이드에 TFA를 처리하여 t-BOC 보호 그룹을 제거한다. 이어서, 아미노 그룹에 t-BOC 보호된 E-아미노카프로산을 아미노프로필 그룹과 커플링시킨다. 아미노카프로산은 아미노프로필 그룹과 합성될 팹티드 사이에서 스페이서로 작용한다. 스페이서의 아미노 말단을 탈보호시키고 NVOC-튜신에 커플링시킨다. 이어서 전 슬라이드에 325㎚ 넓은 띠 조명 12㎽를 조명한다. 이어서 슬라이드를 NVOC-페닐알라닌과 커플링시키고 세척한다. 전 슬라이드를 다시 조명한후 NVOC 글리신에 커플링시키고 세척한다. 슬라이드로 다시 조명하고 NVOC-글리신에 커플링시켜 제13a도의 마지막 부분에 도시한 서열을 형성시킨다.
제13b도에 도시한 바와 같이, 슬라이드의 교대 영역을 확대상 투영법을 사용하여 500×500㎛ 바둑판 무늬마스크를 사용하여 조명하고, 밝은 면적에서만 글리신의 아미노 그룹을 노출시킨다. 다음 커플링 화학 단계를 수행할 때, NVOC-티로신을 가하고 조명을 받아들인 스폿에서만 커플링시킨다.이어서, 전슬라이드를 조명하여 모든 NVOC그룹을 제거하면, 밝은 면적에는 YGGFL 및 다른 부분에는 GGFL의 바둑판무늬가 남는다. Herz 항체(YGGFL을 인식하지만, GGFL은 인식하지 못함)를 가한후 염소 항-마우스 플루오레신 접합체를 가한다.
생성된 형광 스캔은 Herz 항체가 인식하지 못하는 테트라펩티드 GGFL을 함유하는 어두운 면적(그러므로 플루오레신 접합체를 갖는 염소 항-마우스 항체의 결합은 없음) 및 YGGFL이 존재하는 적색 면적을 나타낸다. YGGFL 펜타펩티드는 Herz 항체에 의해 인식되므로, 인식할 수 있는 플루오레신-접합된 염소 항-마우스에 대한 항체는 밝은 영역에 존재한다.
기질과 직접 접촉(근접 투영)하는데 사용된 50㎛ 마스크에 대한 유사한 패턴은 보다 분명한 패턴을 제공하며, 마스크가 기질과 직접 접촉하면서 놓인 결과 바둑판 무늬 패턴의 모서리가 상접하게 된다(이 기법을 사용하므로써 리졸루션의 증가가 초래된다).
(J).
제13도에 도시한 마스크와 유사한 50㎛ 바둑판 무늬 마스크를 사용하여 합성을 수행했다. 그러나, P를 추가의 커플링 단계를 통해 기질위의 GGFL부위에 첨가한다. 상기에 나타낸 방식으로 보호된 GGFL를 광에 노출시킨 후 P에 노출시키므로써 P를 첨가한다. 그러므로, 기질상 영역의 절반은 YGGFL을 함유하고 나머지 절반은 PGGFL을 함유한다.
이 실험에 관한 형광 도면은 또한 영역에서 결합이 일어났는지 여부를 쉽게 인식할 수 있음을 나타낸다. 이 실험은 항체가 특정 서열을 인식할 수 있으며 인식은 길이에 의존하지 않음을 입증한다.
(K).
본 발명의 작업 능력을 더욱더 입증하기 위해, YGGFL와 YPGGFL이 교대하는 50㎛바둑판무늬 패턴을 상기에 나타낸 기법과 유사한 기법을 사용하여 기질상에 합성한다. 생성된 형광 도면은 항체가 YGGFL 서열을 분명히 인식할 수 있고 PGGFL 영역에서 상당히 결합하지 않는다고 나타낸다.
(L).
상기에 나타낸 기법과 유사한 기법을 사용하여, 각각 2개의 유리 기질위에서 16개의 상이한 아미노산 서열 배열(4번 복제됨)을 합성했다. 서열 NVOC-GFL을 슬라이드의 전 표면을 가로질러 결합시키므로써 서열이 합성되었다. 일련의 마스크를 사용하여 아미노산 2층을 기질에 선택적으로 적용했다. 각각의 영역은 0.25㎝×0.0625㎝의 치수를 갖는다. 제1슬라이드는 L 아미노산만을 함유하는 아미노산 서열을 함유한 반면 제2슬라이드는 선택된 D 아미노산을 함유했다. 제14a 및 14b도는 각각 제1 및 제2슬라이드상의 각종 영역의 지도를 도시한다. 제14a 및 제14b도에 도시한 패턴을 각 슬라이드상에서 4회 복제했다. 이어서 슬라이드를 Herz항체 및 플루오레신-표지된 염소 항-마우스에 노출시킨다.
L 아미노산만을 함유하는 제1슬라이드의 형광 도면은 적색 면적(강한 결합을 나타냄, 즉 149,000이상의 카운트) 및 흑색 면적(Herz 항체의 결합을 거의 나타내지 않음, 즉 20,000 이하의 카운트)을 나타낸다. 서열 YGGFL은 분명 가장 강하게 인식되었다. YAGFL 및 YSGFL 서열은 또한 항체를 강력하게 인식한다. 대조적으로 남아있는 서열의 대부분은 거의 결합을 나타내지 않는다. 슬라이드의 4개의 복제 부위는 궁극적으로 그안에 나타낸 결합 양과 일치한다.
D 아미노산 슬라이드의 형광 플롯은 YGGFL서열에 의해 가장 강력한 결합이 나타난다고 나타냈다. 유의한 결합은 또한 YaFL, YsGFL 및 YpGFL(여기에서, L-아미노산은 대문자 약어로 나타내며, D-아미노산은 소문자 약어로 나타낸다)로 검출되었다. 남아있는 서열은 항체와 덜 결합하는 것으로 나타났다. 서열 yGGFL의 낮은 결합 효율이 관측되었다.
하기 표 6은 상대 형광성 순서대로 시험한 각종 서열을 나타내는데, 상대 결합 친화성에 관한 정보를 제공한다.
Ⅷ.
본 발명의 다른 실시태양에 의하면, 본 발명은 케이지 형태에서 다른 가능한 결합 종(예:수용체 및 특이결합 물질)에 대해 비교적 낮은 친화성을 갖는 케이지 결합원을 표면에 결합시키는 방법을 제공한다.
이 실시태양에 의하면, 본 발명은 수용체를 고정화시킬 수 있는 예정된 영역을 고체 지지체 표면에 형성시키는 방법을 제공한다. 이 방법은 예정된 영역을 선택적으로 활성화시키기 위해 표면에 결합된 케이지 결합원을 이용한다. 케이지 결합원은 예정된 영역을 선택적으로 활성화시킬 때 유리되어 궁극적으로 수용체에 결합할 수 있는 결합원으로 작용한다. 이어서 활성화된 결합원을 표면의 예정된 영역위에 특이분자(예:수용체)를 고정화시키는데 사용한다. 상기 과정은 예를 들면 동일하거나 상이한 수용체를 함유하는, 표면상의 다수의 영역과 함께 제조된 표면을 제공하도록 표면상의 동일하거나 상이한 부위에서 반복한다. 이런식으로 고정된 수용체가 하나 이상의 리간드에 대해 다른 친화성을 가질 때, 수용체를 함유하는 표면의 영역에서 이 리간드에 대한 스크리닝 및 분석을 수행할 수 있다.
이 실시태양은 기질에 결합된 신규한 케이지 결합원을 이용할 수 있다. 케이지(비활성)원은 활성화된 결합원의 상응하는 친화성과 비교할 때 케이지되지 않은 결합원에 특이하게 결합하는 물질의 수용체에 대해 비교적 낮은 친화성을 갖는다. 그러므로, 결합원은 적절한 에너지원을 활성화시키려는 표면의 영역에 적용할 때까지 반응으로부터 보호된다. 적절한 에너지원을 적용할 때, 케이지그룹은 불안정화되므로써 활성화된 결합원을 나타낸다. 전형적인 에너지원은 광일 것이다.
일단 표면상의 결합원이 활성화될 때, 결합원을 수용체에 결합시킬 수 있다. 선택된 수용체는 모노클론 항체, 핵산 서열, 약물 전구체 등일수 있다. 수용체는 보통 결합원에 직간접으로 결합되도록 제조된 것이지만 항상 그런 것은 아니다. 예를들면, 결합원에 대해 강력한 결합 친화성을 갖고 수용체 또는 수용체 결합체에 대해 강력한 친화성을 갖는 특이 결합 물질은 경우에 따라 결합원과 수용체 사이에서 다리로 작용할 수 있다. 이 방법은 수용체가 특정 리간드에 대하여 그의 활성을 보유하도록 제조한 수용체를 사용한다.
바람직하게는, 고체 기질에 결합된 케이지 결합원을 광활성가능한 비오틴 착체, 즉 광활성가능한 보호 그룹으로 화학적으로 변형되어 천연 비오틴 보다 아비딘 또는 아비딘 유사체에 대해 상당히 감소된 결합 친화성을 갖는 비오틴 분자일 것이다. 바람직한 실시태양으로, 표면의 예정된 영역에 국한된 보호그룹을 적절한 방사선원을 적용할 때 제거하여 비오틴 또는,아비딘 또는 아비딘 유사체에 대해 비오틴과 실질적으로 동일한 결합 친화성을 갖는 기능적으로 유사한 화합물인 결합원을 얻을 것이다.
다른 바람직한 실시태양에서는 아비딘 또는 아비딘 유사체를 아비딘이 결합원에 강력히 결합할 때까지 표면상의 활성 결합원과 함께 배양한다. 표면의 예정된 영역상에 그렇게 고정된 아비딘을 이어서 원하는 수용체 또는 원하는 수용체의 결합체와 함께 배양시킬 수 있다. 아비딘을 표면의 예정된 영역위에 고정화시킬 때 수용체는 비오티닐화 예를들면 비오티닐화된 항체인 것이 바람직하다. 달리, 바람직한 실시태양에서는 상기와 같이 제조한 아비딘/비오티닐화 수용체 착체를 표면상의 활성화된 결합원에 제공할 것이다.
Ⅸ. 결론
본 발명은 기질상에서 중합체를 합성시키는 대단히 개선된 방법 및 장치를 제공한다. 상기에 기술한 설명은 예시하기 위한 것이며 제한적이지 않음은 물론이다. 많은 실시태양들은 이 분야에 숙련된 자들이 상기 설명들을 고찰할 때 명백할 것이다. 실례를 위해 본 발명을 광제거성 보호 그룹을 사용하는 것과 관련하여 주로 개시했지만, 이 분야에 숙련된 자들은 광과는 다른 방사선 원도 또한 사용할 수 있음을 쉽게 인식할 것이다. 예를들면, 일부-실시태양에서는, 전자 빔 조사, 전자 빔 석판인쇄와 함께 X-선 조사 또는 X-선 석판인쇄법에 민감한 보호 그룹을 사용하는 것이 바람직할 수도 있다. 선택적으로, 상기 그룹은 전류에 노출되므로써 제거될 수 있다. 그러므로, 본 발명의 범위는 상기 설명을 참조하여 결정되어서는 안되며, 그보다도 첨부한 특허청구범위 및 상기 특허청구범위의 권리범위에 상응하는 전 범위를 참조하여 결정되어야 한다.
Claims (7)
- 각각 약 0.1㎠미만의 면적을 차지하고, 그위에 상이한 단량체 서열을 함유하는 적어도 2개의 예정된 영역을 포함하는 표면을 갖는 기질을 포함하는 중합체의 스크리닝 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면적이 약 0.01㎠ 미만인 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면적이 약 10000㎠ 미만인 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 면적이 약 100㎠ 미만인 장치.
- 제1 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 단량체 서열이 상기 예정된 영역내에서 20%보다 높게 순수한 장치.
- a) 각각 약 0.1㎠ 미만의 면적을 차지하고, 기질상의 알고 있는 위치에서 상기 기질 표면에 붙어 있는 다수의 중합체 서열을 포함하는 기질, b) 상기 서열중 적어도 하나와 결합하고, 형광 마커로 표지된 수용체에 상기 기질을 접촉시키는 수단, 및 c) 상기 기질상에서 상기 형광 마커의 위치를 검출하는 수단을 포함하는, 생물학적 활성을 스크리닝하는 장치.
- a) 상기 기질의 표면에 광을 향하도록 하는 광원, b) 상기 광원에서 응답하여 상기 표면으로부터 형광된 광을 검출하기 위한 수단, c) 상기 기질을 제1위치에서 제2위치로 병진(竝進)시키기 위한 수단 및 d) 상기 병진수단 및 상기 검출수단에 연결되어 있고, 기질상에서 위치함수로서 형광된 광 강도를 저장하기 위한 수단을 포함하는, 기질상에 형광 표지된 영역을 검출하기 위한 장치.
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US07/492,462 US5143854A (en) | 1989-06-07 | 1990-03-07 | Large scale photolithographic solid phase synthesis of polypeptides and receptor binding screening thereof |
PCT/NL1990/000081 WO1990015070A1 (en) | 1989-06-07 | 1990-06-07 | Very large scale immobilized peptide synthesis |
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KR1019960705897A KR970001578B1 (ko) | 1989-06-07 | 1990-06-07 | 고정된 중합체의 대규모 합성방법 |
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1990
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1992
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1994
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1996
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1997
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1998
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1999
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