EP1134294A3 - Method for producing immobilized nucleic acid strand - Google Patents

Method for producing immobilized nucleic acid strand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1134294A3
EP1134294A3 EP01301711A EP01301711A EP1134294A3 EP 1134294 A3 EP1134294 A3 EP 1134294A3 EP 01301711 A EP01301711 A EP 01301711A EP 01301711 A EP01301711 A EP 01301711A EP 1134294 A3 EP1134294 A3 EP 1134294A3
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nucleic acid
strand
acid strand
immobilized
immobilized nucleic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01301711A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1134294A2 (en
Inventor
Hashimoto Koji
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Publication of EP1134294A2 publication Critical patent/EP1134294A2/en
Publication of EP1134294A3 publication Critical patent/EP1134294A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
    • B01J2219/00527—Sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
    • B01J2219/00527—Sheets
    • B01J2219/00529—DNA chips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/0059—Sequential processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00596—Solid-phase processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/0061—The surface being organic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00612—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports the surface being inorganic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00623—Immobilisation or binding
    • B01J2219/00626—Covalent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00623—Immobilisation or binding
    • B01J2219/0063—Other, e.g. van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00632—Introduction of reactive groups to the surface
    • B01J2219/00637—Introduction of reactive groups to the surface by coating it with another layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00653—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being bound to electrodes embedded in or on the solid supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00659—Two-dimensional arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00709—Type of synthesis
    • B01J2219/00713—Electrochemical synthesis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
    • B01J2219/0072—Organic compounds
    • B01J2219/00722—Nucleotides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
    • B01J2219/0072—Organic compounds
    • B01J2219/00729—Peptide nucleic acids [PNA]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
    • C40B40/04—Libraries containing only organic compounds
    • C40B40/06—Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
    • Y10T436/142222—Hetero-O [e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.]
    • Y10T436/143333—Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

Using carrier (4) having a template nucleic acid strand (5) immobilized thereon, a probe nucleic acid (6) strand is synthesized along the template strand (5), and the synthesized probe strand (6) is immobilized on a separate substrate (8) by utilizing an electric field (24) to thereby manufacture a nucleic acid strand immobilized array simply and at low costs. By constructing the substrate of the array formed of an electrode, a DNA array enabling electric detection of DNAs can be obtained.
EP01301711A 2000-03-16 2001-02-26 Method for producing immobilized nucleic acid strand Withdrawn EP1134294A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000074490 2000-03-16
JP2000074490 2000-03-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1134294A2 EP1134294A2 (en) 2001-09-19
EP1134294A3 true EP1134294A3 (en) 2004-06-30

Family

ID=18592534

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01301711A Withdrawn EP1134294A3 (en) 2000-03-16 2001-02-26 Method for producing immobilized nucleic acid strand

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US6489160B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1134294A3 (en)
KR (1) KR100440842B1 (en)

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GB9425138D0 (en) 1994-12-12 1995-02-08 Dynal As Isolation of nucleic acid
AU2002322458A1 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-01-29 Nanosphere, Inc. Method for immobilizing molecules onto surfaces
JP4262426B2 (en) * 2001-09-03 2009-05-13 富士フイルム株式会社 Nucleic acid fragment fixed electrode and use thereof
AT500669B1 (en) * 2001-09-24 2007-02-15 Oesterr Forsch Seibersdorf SOLID CARRIER FOR THE IMMOBILIZATION OF BIOMOLECULES
AU2003202026A1 (en) 2002-01-16 2003-09-02 Dynal Biotech Asa Method for isolating nucleic acids and protein from a single sample
FR2835058B1 (en) * 2002-01-21 2004-03-12 Centre Nat Rech Scient METHOD FOR DETECTING AT LEAST ONE CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETER OF PROBE MOLECULES FIXED ON AT LEAST ONE ACTIVE ZONE OF A SENSOR
DE60320244T2 (en) * 2002-04-16 2009-06-25 Autogenomics, Inc., Carlsbad DETECTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS WITH THE HELP OF A DNA MICROARRAY
WO2004057027A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-07-08 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Method for electronically detecting at least one specific interaction between probe molecules and target biomolecules
GB0229287D0 (en) * 2002-12-16 2003-01-22 Dna Res Innovations Ltd Polyfunctional reagents
US8003374B2 (en) 2003-03-25 2011-08-23 The Regents Of The University Of California Reagentless, reusable, bioelectronic detectors
US20040191801A1 (en) * 2003-03-25 2004-09-30 Heeger Alan J. Reagentless, reusable bioelectronic detectors and their use as authentication devices
KR100994752B1 (en) 2003-03-31 2010-11-16 디지탈 지노믹스(주) Direct Electrical Detection Method of DNA-Hybridization and chip Fabrication
US20050003396A1 (en) * 2003-04-11 2005-01-06 Mihrimah Ozkan Biosensors having single reactant components immobilized over single electrodes and methods of making and using thereof
JP4285119B2 (en) * 2003-07-07 2009-06-24 ソニー株式会社 Biochemical reaction apparatus, biochemical reaction substrate, method for producing hybridization substrate, and hybridization method
JP4130391B2 (en) * 2003-08-28 2008-08-06 富士通株式会社 SUBJECT EVALUATION DEVICE, SUBJECT EVALUATION METHOD, AND SUBJECT EVALUATION DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD
JP4230430B2 (en) * 2003-09-25 2009-02-25 富士通株式会社 SUBJECT EVALUATION DEVICE AND SUBJECT EVALUATION METHOD
EP1682261B1 (en) 2003-11-12 2012-08-15 BIO-RAD Haifa Ltd. Method for carrying out multiple binding reactions in an array format
JP4546534B2 (en) * 2004-10-15 2010-09-15 シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト Comprehensive and automatic analyzer for DNA or protein in a disposable cartridge, method for manufacturing such cartridge, and operating method for DNA or protein analysis using such cartridge
WO2006058246A2 (en) * 2004-11-29 2006-06-01 Rosser Roy J System and method for replicating a bio-molecular micro-array
US7803542B2 (en) * 2005-11-29 2010-09-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Signal-on architecture for electronic, oligonucleotide-based detectors
US20080125333A1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2008-05-29 Antara Biosciences Inc. Devices and kits for detecting one or more target agents
US20080026394A1 (en) * 2006-07-11 2008-01-31 Antara Biosciences Inc. Methods of detecting one or more cancer markers
US8349167B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2013-01-08 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and apparatus for detecting molecular interactions using FET arrays
JP5438922B2 (en) * 2008-06-25 2014-03-12 日東電工株式会社 Method for producing nucleic acid
KR101271753B1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2013-06-05 한국전자통신연구원 Manufacturing method for thin film type absorber layer, manufacturing method for thin film solar cell using thereof and thin film solar cell
EP3597771A1 (en) 2009-11-25 2020-01-22 Gen9, Inc. Methods and apparatuses for chip-based dna error reduction
US9335292B2 (en) * 2011-10-13 2016-05-10 Auburn University Electrochemical proximity assay
WO2018165566A1 (en) 2017-03-09 2018-09-13 Auburn University Differential circuit for background correction in electrochemical measurements
US11505799B2 (en) 2017-07-07 2022-11-22 Innamed, Inc. Aptamers for measuring lipoprotein levels
US11560565B2 (en) 2018-06-13 2023-01-24 Auburn University Electrochemical detection nanostructure, systems, and uses thereof
US20220389483A1 (en) * 2021-06-03 2022-12-08 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ASSEMBLY USING pH BASED ELECTRODE CONTROLLED HYBRIDIZATION
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1134294A2 (en) 2001-09-19
US20010024788A1 (en) 2001-09-27
KR100440842B1 (en) 2004-07-21
US6489160B2 (en) 2002-12-03
KR20010090446A (en) 2001-10-18

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