CN101501748A - 有源矩阵显示器的稳定驱动设计 - Google Patents

有源矩阵显示器的稳定驱动设计 Download PDF

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CN101501748A
CN101501748A CNA2007800228406A CN200780022840A CN101501748A CN 101501748 A CN101501748 A CN 101501748A CN A2007800228406 A CNA2007800228406 A CN A2007800228406A CN 200780022840 A CN200780022840 A CN 200780022840A CN 101501748 A CN101501748 A CN 101501748A
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image element
element circuit
cycle
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driving transistors
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CN101501748B (zh
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阿洛吉亚·纳森
礼萨·G·哈基
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Ignis Innovation Inc
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Abstract

一种操作像素阵列的方法和系统，该像素阵列具有至少一个像素电路。该方法包含重复操作周期，操作周期限定了像素电路的帧周期，并且操作周期在每个帧周期均包括：对像素电路进行编程；驱动像素电路；以及在下一个帧周期前，缓解像素电路上的应激效应。该系统包含像素陈列，其包括多个像素电路和用于对多个像素电路进行操作的多个线。每个像素电路均包括：发光器件；存储电容器；以及驱动电路，连接到发光器件和存储电容器。该系统包括驱动，用于操作多个线，以重复具有帧周期的操作周期，从而使每个操作周期均包括编程周期、驱动周期以及缓解周期，缓解周期用于在下一个帧周期之前缓解像素电路上的应激。

Description

有源矩阵显示器的稳定驱动设计
技术领域
本发明涉及发光器件显示器，特别涉及用于驱动像素电路的方法和系统。
背景技术
电致发光显示器已经在多种设备上得到了发展，例如手机。特别地，采用非晶硅(a-Si)、多晶硅、有机体、或其它驱动底板的有源矩阵有机发光二级管(AMOLED)显示器，由于具有诸如可行的柔性显示、低制造成本、高分辨率和宽视角等优点，使得其更具有吸引力。
AMOLED显示器包含像素的行和列组成的阵列，每个像素均包含有机发光二极管(OLED)以及排列成行和列的阵列的底板电子装置。由于OLED为电流驱动器件，所以AMOLED的像素电路应该具有提供精确且恒定的驱动电流的能力。
然而，作为像素退化的结果，即由于操作使用超期限引起的老化(例如，阈值变化，OLED老化)，AMOLED显示器表现出基于逐点像素的照度不均匀性。依赖于显示器的使用，不同像素会具有不同程度的退化。在如照度数据所指的一些像素的所需亮度和像素的实际亮度之间会存在逐步增加的误差。结果是在显示器上不能够适当地显示预期图像。
因此，需要提供一种能够抑制像素电路老化的方法和系统。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种消除或者减轻现有系统的至少一个缺点的方法和系统。
依据本发明的一方面内容，提供了一种具有至少一个像素电路的像素阵列的操作方法。该方法包括以下步骤：重复操作周期，所述操作周期限定了像素电路的帧周期，并且所述操作周期在每个帧周期均包括：对所述像素电路进行编程；驱动所述像素电路；以及在下一个帧周期前，缓解所述像素电路上的应激效应。
依据本发明的另一方面内容，提供了一种显示系统。该显示系统包括：像素陈列，其包括多个像素电路和用于对所述多个像素电路进行操作的多个线。每个所述像素电路均包括：发光器件；存储电容器；以及驱动电路，连接到所述发光器件和所述存储电容器。该显示系统包括驱动，用于操作所述多个线，以重复具有帧周期的操作周期，从而使每个所述操作周期均包括编程周期、驱动周期以及缓解周期，所述缓解周期用于在下一个帧周期之前缓解像素电路上的应激。
本发明内容不足以描述本发明的所有特征。
附图说明
本发明的这些特征以及其它特征将由以下参考附图进行的说明而变得更加明确，其中：
图1为依据本发明实施方案的抑制像素电路老化的时序图；
图2为适合采用图1的时序的像素电路的一例的示意图；
图3为依据本发明实施方案的补偿驱动设计的示例性时序图；
图4为实现图1的时序以及图3的补偿驱动设计的显示系统的一例的示意图；
图5为传统驱动设计以及图3的补偿驱动设计的测量结果的曲线图；
图6为基于图1的时序以及图3的补偿驱动设计的帧的一例的时序图；
图7为基于图6的补偿驱动设计的阈值电压变化的测量结果的曲线图；
图8为基于图6的补偿驱动设计的OLED电流的测量结果的曲线图；
图9为依据本发明实施方案的适于像素阵列的驱动设计的一例的示意图；
图10(a)为阵列结构的一例的示意图，该阵列结构具有适用于图4显示系统的上发光像素；以及
图10(b)为阵列结构的一例的示意图，该阵列结构具有适用于图4显示系统的下发光像素。
具体实施方式
利用具有有机发光二极管(OLED)和多个薄膜晶体管(TFT)的像素电路对本发明的实施方案进行描述。像素电路可包含非OLED的发光器件。像素电路中的晶体管可以是n型晶体管、p型晶体管或者它们的组合。像素电路中的晶体管可以采用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如，有机TFT)、NMOS/PMOS技术、CMOS技术(例如，MOSFET)、或其组合制造而成。具有像素电路的显示器可以是单彩色显示器、多色显示器或者全彩色显示器，并且其可以包含一个或者多个电致发光(EL)元件(例如，有机EL)。显示器可以是有源矩阵发光显示器(例如，AMOLED)。显示器可以应用在DVD、个人数字助理(PDA)、计算机显示器或者手机中。显示器可以是平板型的。
在以下描述中，“像素电路”和“像素”可互换使用。在以下描述中，“信号”和“线”可以互换使用。在以下描述中，术语“线”和“节点”可以互换使用，在以下描述中，术语“选择线”和“地址线”可以互换使用。在以下描述中，“连接(或被连接)”和“耦合(或被耦合)”可以互换使用，并且可以用于指明两个或者多个元件在物理上直接或间接相互连接，或者直接或间接相互电连接。
依据本发明的实施方案，图1示出了为像素电路抑制老化的时序。采用图1示出的时序进行操作的像素电路包含OLED和多个晶体管(例如图2中的22，24，26)。在图1中，帧10分为三个阶段：编程周期12，驱动(即，发光)周期14和缓解周期16。帧10是显示器显示一帧视频信号的时间间隔或时间周期。在编程周期12中，用所需数据对像素电路进行编程，以提供期望的亮度。在驱动周期14中，像素电路的OLED基于编程数据发出所需的亮度。最后，在缓解周期16中，像素电路关闭或者偏置为驱动周期14的相反极性。结果，驱动周期14造成的老化效果得到缓解。这防止了从一帧到另一帧的老化积累效应，因此大大增加了像素的寿命。
由于像素电路在帧时间的一部分时间(即，缓解周期16)是关闭的，所以为了获得期望的平均亮度，像素电路被编程为更高的亮度。基于期望亮度的编程亮度由以下公式给出：
L CP = ( τ F τ F - τ R ) L N · · · ( 1 )
其中“LCP”为补偿照度，“LN”为标准照度，“τR”为缓解时间(图1中的16)，“τF”为帧时间(图1中的10)。
如下所述，使得像素电路在每帧的一段时间内进行缓解可以控制像素的老化，像素的老化包括驱动器件(即，图2中的TFT 24和26)的老化、OLED(例如，图1中的22)的老化、或者其组合。
图2示出了可以采用图1的时序的像素电路的一例。图2的像素电路20为2-TFT像素电路。像素电路20包含OLED 22、驱动TFT24、开关TFT 26、以及存储电容器28。TFT 24和26的每个均具有源极端、漏极端和栅极端。在图2中，CLD表示OLED电容。TFT 24和26是n型TFT。然而，本领域的普通技术人员应该理解，图1的驱动设计也适用于具有p型晶体管的互补像素电路，或者具有n型晶体管和p型晶体管组合的互补像素电路。
驱动TFT 24的一端连接到电源线VDD，且驱动TFT 24的另一端连接到OLED 22的一端(节点B1)。开关TFT 26的一端连接到数据线VDATA，且开关TFT 26的另一端连接到驱动TFT 24的栅极端(节点A1)。开关TFT 26的栅极端连接到选择线SEL。存储电容器28的一端连接到节点A1，且存储电容器28的另一端连接到节点B1。
依据本发明的实施方案，图3示出了适用于图2所示像素的补偿驱动设计的示例性时序。在图3中，“32”表示“VCP-Gen周期”，“34”表示“VT-Gen周期”，“36”表示“编程周期”且与图1的编程周期12相关联，“38”表示“驱动周期”且与图1的驱动周期14相关联。
例如，在图1的周期12和14中采用图3的波形。在VCP-Gen周期32中，形成越过驱动TFT(例如，图2的24)的栅极-源极电压的电压。在VT-Gen周期34中，节点B1的电压变为驱动TFT(例如，图2的24)的-VT，其中VT为驱动TFT(例如，图2的24)的阈值电压。在编程周期36中，对节点A1充电至与(1)式的Lcp相关的VP。
参考图2和图3，在第一操作周期32(＂VCP-Gen＂)中，VDD变为负电压(-VCPB)，同时VDATA为正电压(VCPA)。因此，节点A1充电至VCPA，且节点B1放电至-VCPB。VCPA小于VTO+VOLEDO，其中VTO为未应激的驱动TFT 24的阈值电压，且VOLEDO为未应激的OLED22的开启电压。
在第二操作周期34(＂VT-Gen＂)中，VDD改变为驱动周期38中的电压Vdd2。结果，节点B1充电至使得驱动TFT 24关闭的点。在该点，节点B1处的电压为(VCPA-VT)，其中VT为驱动TFT 24的阈值，且存储电容器28中存储的电压为驱动TFT 24的VT。
在第三操作周期36(“编程周期”)中，VDATA变化为编程电压，VCPA+VP。VDD变为正电压Vdd1。假设OLED的电容(CLD)较大，那么节点B1处的电压保持在VCPA-VT。因此，驱动TFT 24的栅极-源极电压理想地变为VP+VT。结果，像素电流变为独立于(ΔVT+ΔVOLED)，其中ΔVT为驱动TFT 24的阈值电压的变化，且ΔVOLED为OLED 22的开启电压的变化。
图4示出了实现图1的时序以及图3的补偿驱动设计的显示系统的一例。显示系统1000包含具有多个像素1004的像素阵列1002。像素1004对应于图2的像素20。然而，像素1004可以具有与像素20不同的结构。像素1004按照行和列进行排列。在图4中，像素1004排列为2行2列。像素1004的数目可依赖于系统设计的变化而变化，且并不仅限于四个。像素阵列1002为有源矩阵发光显示器，且可以形成AMOLED显示器。
＂SEL[i]＂为第i行(i＝...k，k+1...)的地址线，且对应于图2的SEL。＂VDD[i]＂为第i行(i＝...k，k+1...)的电源线，且对应于图2的VDD。＂VDATA[j]＂为第j行(i＝...1，1+1...)的数据线，且对应于图2的VDATA。
门驱动器1006驱动SEL[i]和VDD[i]。门驱动器1006包含为SEL[i]提供地址信号的地址驱动器。数据驱动器1008产生编程数据，并驱动VDATA[j]。控制器1010基于图1的时序和图3的补偿驱动设计对驱动器1006和1008进行控制，以驱动像素1004。
图5示出了传统驱动设计和补偿驱动设计的寿命结果。通过采用传统驱动设计(40)和补偿驱动设计(42)，将图2的像素电路在～60Hz的帧速率下编程为2μA。补偿驱动设计(42)非常稳定，以使总的老化误差减小至小于10％。相比而言，在传统驱动设计(40)中，当像素电流在36小时后变为其初始值的一半时，老化效应导致了整个测量周期中像素电流50％的误差。OLED电压和驱动TFT(即，图2的24)阈值电压的总变化，Δ(VOLED+VT)，为～4V。
图6示出了采用图1的时序以及图3的补偿驱动设计的帧的一例。
在图6中，＂i＂表示像素阵列的第i行，＂k＂表示像素阵列的第k行，＂m＂表示像素阵列的第m列，且＂1＂表示像素阵列的第1列。图6的波形适用于图4的显示系统1000，以对图4的像素阵列1002进行操作。假定像素阵列包含多于一个的图2的像素电路20。
在图6中，＂50＂表示第i行的帧，且对应于图1的＂10＂；＂52＂表示＂VCP-Gen周期＂，且对应于图3的＂32＂；＂54＂表示＂VT-Gen周期＂，且对应于图3的＂34＂；＂56＂表示“编程周期”，且对应于图3的＂36＂。在图6中，＂58＂表示“驱动周期”，且对应于图3的＂38＂。在图6中，＂66＂表示操作周期56中相应的VDATA线的数值。
在图6中，＂60＂表示第i行的缓解周期，且对应于图1的＂16＂。缓解周期60包含第一操作周期＂62＂和第二操作周期＂64＂。在第i行的缓解周期60中，SEL[i]在第一操作周期62中较高，然后在第二操作周期64中较低。在帧周期62中，将第i行每个像素的节点A1充电到一定电压，例如零电压。因此，在帧周期64中，像素关闭。第k行的＂VCP-Gen周期＂52与第i行的第一操作周期62同时发生。
与第i行的第一操作周期62相同，在第k行的第一操作周期52中，SEL[i]较高，因此第i行的像素电路的存储电容器充电至VCPA。VDATA线具有VCPA。考虑到VCPA小于VOLED0+VT0，第i行的像素电路在第二操作周期64是关闭的，而且相应的驱动TFT(图2的24)为负偏置，使得周期64的VT-变化部分缓解。
图7和8示出了采用图6所示时间周期的像素电路更长寿命试验的结果。为了获得图7和8的数据，所采用的像素阵列具有多于一个的图2的像素20。
在图7中，＂80＂表示驱动晶体管(即，图2的24)阈值电压的变化的测量结果。此结果表明，即使在90天的操作之后，上述方法也能产生非常稳定的像素电流。此处，图2的像素编程为2.5μA，以补偿在缓解周期中损失的照度。在较长时间间隔(几天)之后提取Δ(VOLED+VT)一次，从而不影响像素操作。很明显，如图7所示，作为对驱动TFT(即，图2的24)老化抑制的结果，OLED电流在1500小时的操作之后还相当稳定。
在图8中，＂90＂表示像素(即，图2的20)的OLED电流随时间变化的测量结果。图8中所描述的结果表明，改进的时序图显著地抑制了老化，导致更长的寿命。此处，Δ(VOLED+VT)在90天的操作之后为1.8V，而在更短的时间后没有缓解周期的情况下，对于补偿驱动设计而言，其为3.6V。
依据本发明的实施方案，图9示出了适用于像素阵列的驱动设计的一例。在图9中，ROW(i)、ROW(k)和ROW(n)均表示一行像素阵列。像素阵列可以是图4的像素阵列1002。图9的帧100包含编程周期102、驱动周期104和缓解周期106，并且帧100的帧时间为＂τF＂。编程周期102、驱动周期104和缓解周期106可分别对应于图1的操作周期12、14和16。编程周期102可以包含图3的操作周期的32、34和36。缓解周期106可以与图6的缓解周期60相似。
第k行的编程周期102与第i行的缓解周期106同时发生。第n行的编程周期102与第k行的缓解周期106同时发生。
图10(a)示出了具有上发光像素的阵列结构的一例。图10(b)示出了具有下发光像素的阵列结构的一例。图4的像素阵列可以具有图10(a)或10(b)的阵列结构。在图10(a)中，200表示衬底，202表示像素接触点，203表示(上发光)像素电路，并且204表示OLED上的透明上电极。图10(b)中，210表示透明衬底，211表示(下发光)像素电路，且212表示上电极。包含TFT、存储电容器、SEL、VDADA以及VDD线的所有像素电路一起被制备。此后，为所有像素电路制备OLED。利用如图10(a)和10(b)所示的通路(例如，图2的B1)将OLED连接到相应的驱动晶体管。通过将上电极沉积在可以是连续层的OLED上而制成面板，从而减少了设计的复杂性并且可以将面板用于打开/关闭整个显示器，或者控制亮度。
在上述描述中，图2的像素电路20用作为实现图1的时序、图3的补偿驱动计划以及图6的时序的像素电路的一例。然而，应该认识到，不管其配置和类型如何，图1，3，6的上述时序也适用于与图2不同的像素电路。
G.R.Chaji和A.Nathan在2006年12月发表的文章＂Stablevoltage-programmed pixel circuit for AMOLED displays(用于AMOLED显示器的稳定的电压编程像素电路)＂IEEE J.of Display Technology，vol.2，no.4，pp.347-358，Dec.2006中描述了驱动设计、补偿和驱动设计以及像素/像素阵列的例子，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
本文所述的一个或者多个实施方案已经通过示例的方式进行了说明。本领域的技术人员应该清楚，在没有偏离权利声明中确定的本发明范围的情况下，可以对本发明进行一些改变和修正。

Claims (16)

1.一种具有至少一个像素电路的像素阵列的操作方法，包括以下步骤：
重复操作周期，所述操作周期限定了像素电路的帧周期，并且所述操作周期在每个帧周期均包括：
对所述像素电路进行编程；
驱动所述像素电路；以及
在下一个帧周期前，缓解所述像素电路上的应激效应。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中缓解应激效应的步骤包括：
关闭所述像素电路。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中缓解应激效应的步骤包括：
将所述像素电路偏置为驱动步骤的相反极性。
4.如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的方法，其中所述像素电路包括驱动晶体管、发光器件和连接到所述驱动晶体管和所述发光器件的存储电容器，并且
其中编程步骤包括：
在第一周期，形成越过所述驱动晶体管的栅极-源极电压的电压。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述像素电路包括开关，所述驱动晶体管包括栅极端、第一端和第二端，所述驱动晶体管的所述栅极端通过所述开关连接到数据线，所述驱动晶体管的所述第一端和第二端中的一个连接到电源线，并且
其中形成电压的步骤包括：
将所述电源线充电至第一电压，并且将所述数据线充电至与所述第一电压极性相反的第二电压。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中编程步骤包括：
在所述第一周期之后的第二周期，对所述像素电路进行操作，从而使所述发光器件、所述驱动晶体管和所述存储电容器之间的连接点为所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中编程步骤包括：
在所述第一周期之后的第二周期，对所述像素电路进行操作，从而使存储在所述存储电容器中的电压为所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中编程步骤包括：
在所述第一周期之后的第二周期，将所述电源线充电至第三电压，所述第三电压等于驱动所述像素电路的电压。
9.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中编程步骤包括：
在所述第一周期之后的第二周期，将所述驱动晶体管的所述第一端和第二端中的一个充电至使所述驱动晶体管关闭的点。
10.如权利要求6-9中的任一项所述的方法，其中编程步骤包括：
在所述第二周期之后的第三周期，将所述数据线充电至与编程数据相关的电压。
11.如权利要求6-9中的任一项所述的方法，其中编程步骤包括：
在所述第二周期之后的第三周期，由下式定义的电压对所述像素电路进行编程：
L CP = ( τ F τ F - τ R ) L N
其中“LCP”为补偿照度，“LN”为标准照度，“τR”为缓解步骤的缓解时间，“τF”为所述帧周期。
12.如权利要求4-11中的任一项所述的方法，其中所述驱动晶体管的所述第一端连接到所述电源线，所述驱动晶体管的所述第二端连接到所述发光器件，所述存储电容器的第一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的所述栅级端，所述存储电容器的第二端连接到所述驱动晶体管的所述第二端和所述发光器件。
13.一种显示系统，包括：
像素陈列，其包括多个像素电路和用于对所述多个像素电路进行操作的多个线，每个所述像素电路均包括：
发光器件；
存储电容器；以及
驱动电路，连接到所述发光器件和所述存储电容器；
驱动，用于操作所述多个线，以重复具有帧周期的操作周期，从而使每个所述操作周期均包括编程周期、驱动周期以及缓解周期，所述缓解周期用于在下一个帧周期之前缓解像素电路上的应激。
14.如权利要求13所述的显示系统，其中所述发光器件为有机发光二极管。
15.如权利要求13所述的显示系统，其中所述多个晶体管采用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术、NMOS/PMOS技术、CMOS技术、或其组合制造而成。
16.如权利要求13-15中的任一项所述的显示系统，还包括控制器，所述控制器用于控制所述驱动器，从而使第i行的编程周期发生在第k行的缓解周期(i≠k)。
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