CN104299566B - 用于发光器件显示器的系统和驱动方法 - Google Patents
用于发光器件显示器的系统和驱动方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于发光器件显示器的系统和驱动方法。提供了发光器件显示器、它的像素电路和它的驱动技术。像素包括发光器件和多个晶体管。根据驱动方案向像素电路提供偏置电流和编程电压数据,从而调节通过驱动晶体管流到发光器件的电流。
Description
本分案申请是基于申请号为200980120671.9(国际申请号为PCT/CA2009/000502),申请日为2009年4月17日,发明名称为“用于发光器件显示器的系统和驱动方法”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及发光器件显示器,更具体地,涉及用于发光器件显示器的驱动技术。
背景技术
近来,具有非晶硅(α-Si)、多晶硅、有机物或其它驱动背板技术的有源矩阵有机发光二极管(AMOLED)显示器由于优于有源矩阵液晶显示器的优点而已经变得更加吸引人。使用例如α-Si背板的AMOLED显示器具有包括低温制造的优点,低温制造放宽了不同衬底的使用并且使得柔性显示器切实可行,并且它的低成本制造是大家公认的,并生产具有宽视角的高分辨率显示器。
AMOLED显示器包括多行和多列像素的阵列,每个像素具有布置在多行和多列的阵列中的背板电子器件和有机发光二极管(OLED)。由于OLED是电流驱动器件,因此AMOLED的像素电路应该能够提供准确且恒定的驱动电流。
已经采用来驱动AMOLED显示器的一个方法是利用电流直接对AMOLED像素进行编程。但是,与大的寄生电容耦接的OLED所需的小的电流不利地增大了电流编程的AMOLED显示器的编程的建立时间。此外,难以设计精确提供所需的电流的外部驱动器。例如,在CMOS技术中,晶体管必须工作在亚阈值范围中以便提供OLED所需的小电流,这不是理想的。因此,为了使用电流编程的AMOLED像素电路,合适的驱动方案是所期望的。
电流按比例缩放(scaling)是可以用于处理与OLED所需的小电流有关的问题的一个方法。在电流镜像素电路中,可以通过具有与镜像晶体管相比更小的驱动晶体管来按比例缩放经过OLED的电流。但是,此方法不适用于其它的电流编程的像素电路。此外,通过调整两个镜像晶体管的尺寸,失配的影响增大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种消除或减轻现有系统的至少一个缺点的方法和系统。
根据本发明的一方面,提供一种像素电路,其包括:发光器件;用于向该发光器件提供像素电流的驱动晶体管;设置在用于提供编程电压数据的数据线与该驱动晶体管的栅极端子之间的存储电容器;设置在该驱动晶体管的栅极端子与该发光器件之间的第一开关晶体管;以及设置在该发光器件与用于在编程周期期间向该驱动晶体管的第一端子提供偏置电流的偏置线之间的第二开关晶体管。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种像素电路,其包括:发光器件;存储电容器;用于向该发光器件提供像素电流的驱动晶体管;由第一选择线操作的多个第一开关晶体管,该第一开关晶体管中的一个被设置在存储电容器与用于提供编程电压数据的数据线之间;由第二选择线操作的多个第二开关晶体管,该第二开关晶体管中的一个被设置在该驱动晶体管与用于在编程周期期间向该驱动晶体管的第一端子提供偏置电流的偏置线之间;以及用于将像素电路设定到发射模式中的发射控制电路。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供一种显示系统,其包括具有多个像素电路的像素阵列、用于选择像素电路的第一驱动器、用于提供编程电压数据的第二驱动器、和用于对偏置线进行操作的电流源。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供一种驱动像素电路的方法,该像素电路具有用于向发光器件提供像素电流的驱动晶体管、耦接到数据线的存储电容器、和耦接到该驱动晶体管的栅极端子和存储电容器的开关晶体管。该方法包括:在编程周期处,选择像素电路,向该驱动晶体管和发光器件之间的连接提供偏置电流,以及将编程电压数据从数据线提供到像素电路。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供一种驱动像素电路的方法,该像素电路具有用于向发光器件提供像素电流的驱动晶体管、耦接到数据线的开关晶体管、以及耦接到该开关晶体管和驱动晶体管的存储电容器。该方法包括:在编程周期处,选择像素电路,向该驱动晶体管的第一端子提供偏置电流,以及将编程电压数据从该数据线提供到该存储电容器的第一端子,该存储电容器的第二端子耦接到该驱动晶体管的第一端子,该驱动晶体管的第二端子耦接到该发光器件;以及在驱动周期处,在该像素电路中设定发射模式。
此发明内容不一定描述了本发明的所有特征。
通过审阅下面结合附图对优选实施例的详细描述,本领域技术人员将容易明白本发明的其它方面和特征。
附图说明
通过以下参考附图的描述,本发明的这些和其它特征将变得更清楚,在附图中:
图1是示出根据本发明实施例的像素电路的图;
图2是示出应用于图1的像素电路的示例性波形的时序图;
图3是示出应用于图1的像素电路的另一示例性波形的时序图;
图4是示出图1的像素电路的电流稳定性的曲线图;
图5是示出具有p型晶体管并对应于图1的像素电路的像素电路的图;
图6是示出应用于图5的像素电路的示例性波形的时序图;
图7是示出应用于图5的像素电路的另一示例性波形的时序图;
图8是示出根据本发明的另一实施例的像素电路的图;
图9是示出应用于图8的像素电路的示例性波形的时序图;
图10是示出具有p型晶体管并对应于图8的像素电路的像素电路的图;
图11是示出应用于图10的像素电路的示例性波形的时序图;
图12是示出根据本发明实施例的像素电路的图;
图13是示出应用于图12的显示器的示例性波形的时序图;
图14是示出对于不同的偏置电流的CBVP像素电路的建立时间的曲线图;
图15是示出CBVP像素电路的电流-电压特性以及像素电流中引起的总误差的曲线图;
图16是示出具有p型晶体管并对应于图12的像素电路的像素电路的图;
图17是示出应用于图16的显示器的示例性波形的时序图;
图18是示出根据本发明另一实施例的VBCP像素电路的图;
图19是示出应用于图18的像素电路的示例性波形的时序图;
图20是示出具有p型晶体管并对应于图18的像素电路的VBCP像素电路的图;
图21是示出应用于图20的像素电路的示例性波形的时序图;
图22是示出用于具有CBVP像素电路的显示阵列的驱动机构的图;
图23是示出用于具有VBCP像素电路的显示阵列的驱动机构的图;
图24是示出根据本发明的另一实施例的像素电路的图;
图25是示出应用于图24的像素电路的示例性波形的时序图;
图26是示出根据本发明的另一实施例的像素电路的图;
图27是示出应用于图26的像素电路的示例性波形的时序图;
图28是示出具有CBVP像素电路的显示系统的另一个示例的图;
图29是示出具有CBVP像素电路的显示系统的另一个示例的图;
图30是示出空间失配对使用简单的2-TFT像素电路的显示器的影响的照片;
图31是示出空间失配对使用电压编程的电路的显示器的影响的照片;以及
图32是示出空间失配对使用CBVP像素电路的显示器的影响的照片。
具体实施方式
使用具有有机发光二极管(OLED)和驱动薄膜晶体管(TFT)的像素描述本发明的实施例。但是,像素可以包括除了OLED之外的任何发光器件,并且像素可以包括除了TFT之外的任何驱动晶体管。应当注意,在本说明书中,可互换地使用“像素电路”和“像素”。
现在详细描述用于像素的驱动技术,包括电流偏置的电压编程的(CBVP)驱动方案。CBVP驱动方案使用电压来提供不同的灰度级(电压编程),并且使用偏置来加速编程并补偿像素的时间相关的参数,诸如阈值电压漂移和OLED电压漂移。
图1示出了根据本发明的实施例的像素电路200。像素电路200采用如下所述的CBVP驱动方案。图1的像素电路200包括OLED 10、存储电容器12、驱动晶体管14以及开关晶体管16和18。每个晶体管具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。在本说明书中,“第一端子”(“第二端子”)可以是,但不限于,漏极端子或源极端子(源极端子或漏极端子)。
晶体管14、16和18是n型TFT晶体管。应用于像素电路200的驱动技术也适用于具有p型晶体管的互补像素电路,如图5所示。
可以使用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如有机TFT)、NMOS技术或CMOS技术(例如,MOSFET)来制造晶体管14、16和18。多个像素电路200可以形成AMOLED显示阵列。
为像素电路200设置两个选择线SEL1和SEL2、信号线VDATA、偏置线IBIAS、电源线VDD以及公共地。在图1中,公共地用于OLED上部电极。公共地不是像素电路的一部分,并且在形成OLED 10时在最后阶段形成。
驱动晶体管14的第一端子连接到电源线VDD。驱动晶体管14的第二端子连接到OLED 10的阳极电极。驱动晶体管14的栅极端子通过开关晶体管16连接到信号线VDATA。存储电容器12连接在驱动晶体管14的第二端子和栅极端子之间。
开关晶体管16的栅极端子连接到第一选择线SEL1。开关晶体管16的第一端子连接到信号线VDATA。开关晶体管16的第二端子连接到驱动晶体管14的栅极端子。
开关晶体管18的栅极端子连接到第二选择线SEL2。晶体管18的第一端子连接到OLED 10的阳极电极和存储电容器12。开关晶体管18的第二端子连接到偏置线IBIAS。OLED10的阴极电极连接到公共地。
晶体管14和16以及存储电容器12连接到节点A11。OLED 10、存储电容器12以及晶体管14和18连接到B11。
像素电路200的操作包括具有多个编程周期的编程阶段和具有一个驱动周期的驱动阶段。在编程阶段期间,节点B11被充电到驱动晶体管14的阈值电压的负数,而节点A11被充电到编程电压VP。
结果,驱动晶体管14的栅-源电压为:
VGS=VP-(-VT)=VP+VT (1)
其中VGS表示驱动晶体管14的栅-源电压,VT表示驱动晶体管14的阈值电压。在驱动阶段中此电压保持在电容器12上,结果得到在驱动阶段中期望的电流流过OLED 10。
详细描述像素电路200的编程阶段和驱动阶段。图2示出了应用于图1的像素电路200的一个示例性操作过程。在图2中,VnodeB表示节点B11的电压,VnodeA表示节点A11的电压。如图2所示,编程阶段具有两个操作周期X11、X12,并且驱动阶段具有一个操作周期X13。
第一操作周期X11:两个选择线SEL1和SEL2都为高。偏置电流IB流过偏置线IBIAS,并且VDATA变为偏置电压VB。
结果,节点B11的电压为:
其中VnodeB表示节点B11的电压,VT表示驱动晶体管14的阈值电压,并且β表示由IDS=β(VGS-VT)2给出的TFT的电流-电压(I-V)特性中的系数。IDS表示驱动晶体管14的漏-源电流。
第二操作周期X12:当SEL2为低且SEL1为高时,VDATA变为编程电压VP。由于OLED20的电容11较大,因此在先前的周期中产生的节点B11的电压保持原样。
因此,可以得到驱动晶体管14的栅-源电压为:
VGS=VP+ΔVB+VT (3)
当基于(4)适当地选择VB时,ΔVB为零。将驱动晶体管14的栅-源电压(即VP+VT)存储在存储电容器12中。
第三操作周期X13:IBIAS变为低。SEL1变为零。将存储在存储电容器12中的电压施加到驱动晶体管14的栅极端子。驱动晶体管14导通。驱动晶体管14的栅-源电压随着存储在存储电容器12中的电压发展(develop over)。因而,通过OLED 10的电流变得与驱动晶体管14的阈值电压的漂移以及OLED特性的漂移无关。
图3示出了应用于图1的像素电路200的另一示例性操作过程。在图3中,VnodeB表示节点B11的电压,并且VnodeA表示节点A11的电压。
编程阶段具有两个操作周期X21、X22,并且驱动阶段具有一个操作周期X23。第一操作周期X21与图2的第一操作周期X11相同。第三操作周期X33与图2的第三操作周期X13相同。在图3中,选择线SEL1和SEL2具有相同的时序。因而,SEL1和SEL2可以连接到同一选择线。
第二操作周期X22:SEL1和SEL2为高。开关晶体管18导通。流过IBIAS的偏置电流IB为零。
驱动晶体管14的栅-源电压可以是VGS=VP+VT,如上所述。将驱动晶体管14的栅-源电压(即VP+VT)存储在存储电容器12中。
图4示出了图1的像素电路200和图2的波形的仿真结果。结果显示,对于大部分的编程电压而言,由驱动晶体管(例如,图1的14)中的2伏的VT漂移引起的OLED电流的变化几乎为百分之零。诸如阈值电压之类的仿真参数显示了漂移在低的编程电压处具有高的百分比。
图5示出了具有p型晶体管的像素电路202。像素电路202对应于图1的像素电路200。像素电路202采用如图6-7所示的CBVP驱动方案。像素电路202包括OLED 20、存储电容器22、驱动晶体管24以及开关晶体管26和28。晶体管24、26和28是p型晶体管。每个晶体管具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。
可以使用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如有机TFT)、PMOS技术或CMOS技术(例如,MOSFET)来制造晶体管24、26和28。多个像素电路202可以形成AMOLED显示阵列。
为像素电路202设置两个选择线SEL1和SEL2、信号线VDATA、偏置线IBIAS、电源线VDD以及公共地。
晶体管24和26以及存储电容器22连接到节点A12。OLED 20的阴极电极、存储电容器22以及晶体管24和28连接到B12。由于OLED阴极连接到像素电路202的其它元件,因此这确保了与任何OLED制造的集成。
图6示出了应用于图5的像素电路202的一个示例性操作过程。图6对应于图2。图7示出了应用于图5的像素电路202的另一个示例性操作过程。图7对应于图3。图6-7的CBVP驱动方案使用类似于图2-3的IBIAS和VDATA。
图8示出了根据本发明的实施例的像素电路204。像素电路204采用如下所述的CBVP驱动方案。图8的像素电路204包括OLED 30、存储电容器32和33、驱动晶体管34以及开关晶体管36、38和40。晶体管34、35和36中的每一个包括栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。该像素电路204以与像素电路200相同的方式操作。
晶体管34、36、38和40是n型TFT晶体管。应用于像素电路204的驱动技术也适用于具有p型晶体管的互补像素电路,如图10所示。
可以使用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如有机TFT)、NMOS技术或CMOS技术(例如,MOSFET)来制造晶体管34、36、38和40。多个像素电路204可以形成AMOLED显示阵列。
为像素电路204设置选择线SEL、信号线VDATA、偏置线IBIAS、电压线VDD和公共地。
驱动晶体管34的第一端子连接到OLED 30的阴极电极。驱动晶体管34的第二端子连接到地。驱动晶体管34的栅极端子通过开关晶体管36连接到它的第一端子。存储电容器32和33串联并且连接在驱动晶体管34的栅极和地之间。
开关晶体管36的栅极端子连接到选择线SEL。开关晶体管36的第一端子连接到驱动晶体管34的第一端子。开关晶体管36的第二端子连接到驱动晶体管34的栅极端子。
开关晶体管38的栅极端子连接到选择线SEL。开关晶体管38的第一端子连接到信号线VDATA。开关晶体管38的第二端子连接到存储电容器32和33的连接的端子(即节点C21)。
开关晶体管40的栅极端子连接到选择线SEL。开关晶体管40的第一端子连接到偏置线IBIAS。开关晶体管40的第二端子连接到OLED 30的阴极端子。OLED 30的阳极电极连接到VDD。
OLED 30、晶体管34、36和40在节点A21处连接。存储电容器32以及晶体管34和36在节点B21处连接。
像素电路204的操作包括具有多个编程周期的编程阶段和具有一个驱动周期的驱动阶段。在编程阶段期间,第一存储电容器32被充电到编程电压VP加上驱动晶体管34的阈值电压,并且第二存储电容器33被充电到零。
结果,驱动晶体管34的栅-源电压为:
VGS=VP+VT (5)
其中VGS表示驱动晶体管34的栅-源电压,并且VT表示驱动晶体管34的阈值电压。
详细描述像素电路204的编程阶段和驱动阶段。图9示出了应用于图8的像素电路204的一个示例性操作过程。如图9所示,编程阶段具有两个操作周期X31、X32,并且驱动阶段具有一个操作周期X33。
第一操作周期X31:选择线SEL为高。偏置电流IB流过偏置线IBIAS,并且VDATA变为VB-VP,其中VP为编程电压,并且VB由下式给出:
结果,存储在第一电容器32中的电压为:
VC1=VP+VT (7)
其中VC1表示存储在第一存储电容器32中的电压,VT表示驱动晶体管34的阈值电压,β表示由IDS=β(VGS-VT)2给出的TFT的电流-电压(I-V)特性中的系数。IDS表示驱动晶体管34的漏-源电流。
第二操作周期:当SEL为高时,VDATA为零,并且IBIAS变为零。由于OLED 30的电容31和偏置线IBIAS的寄生电容较大,因此在先前周期中产生的节点B21的电压和节点A21的电压保持不变。
因此,可以得到驱动晶体管34的栅-源电压为:
VGS=VP+VT (8)
其中VGS表示驱动晶体管34的栅-源电压。
将驱动晶体管34的栅-源电压存储在存储电容器32中。
第三操作周期X33:IBIAS变为零。SEL变为零。节点C21的电压变为零。将存储在存储电容器32中的电压施加到驱动晶体管34的栅极端子。驱动晶体管34的栅-源电压随着存储在存储电容器32中的电压发展。考虑驱动晶体管34的电流主要由它的栅-源电压限定,通过OLED 30的电流变得与驱动晶体管34的阈值电压的漂移和OLED特性的漂移无关。
图10示出了具有p型晶体管的像素电路206。像素电路206对应于图8的像素电路204。像素电路206采用如图11所示的CBVP驱动方案。图10的像素电路206包括OLED 50、存储电容器52和53、驱动晶体管54以及开关晶体管56、58和60。晶体管54、56、58和60是p型晶体管。每个晶体管具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。
可以使用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如有机TFT)、PMOS技术或CMOS技术(例如,MOSFET)来制造晶体管54、56、58和60。多个像素电路206可以形成AMOLED显示阵列。
为像素电路206设置两个选择线SEL1和SEL2、信号线VDATA、偏置线IBIAS、电源线VDD以及公共地。公共地可以与图1的相同。
OLED 50的阳极电极、晶体管54、56和60在节点A22处连接。存储电容器52以及晶体管54和56在节点B22处连接。开关晶体管58以及存储电容器52和53在节点C22处连接。
图11示出了应用于图10的像素电路206的一个示例性操作过程。图11对应于图9。如图11所示,图11的CBVP驱动方案使用类似于图9的IBIAS和VDATA。
图12示出了根据本发明实施例的显示器208。显示器208采用如下所述的CBVP驱动方案。在图12中,作为示例示出了与两行和一列有关的元件。显示器208可以包括多于两行和多于一列。
显示器208包括OLED 70、存储电容器72和73、晶体管76、78、80、82和84。晶体管76是驱动晶体管。晶体管78、80和84是开关晶体管。晶体管76、78、80、82和84中的每一个包括栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。
晶体管76、78、80、82和84是n型TFT晶体管。应用于像素电路208的驱动技术也适用于具有p型晶体管的互补像素电路,如图16所示。
可以使用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如有机TFT)、NMOS技术或CMOS技术(例如,MOSFET)来制造晶体管76、78、80、82和84。显示器208可以形成AMOLED显示阵列。CBVP驱动方案和显示器208的组合提供大面积、高分辨率的AMOLED显示器。
晶体管76和80以及存储电容器72在节点A31处连接。晶体管82和84以及存储电容器72和74在B31处连接。
图13示出了应用于图12的显示器208的一个示例性操作过程。在图13中,“编程周期[n]”表示对于显示器208的行[n]的编程周期。
在两个连续的行(n和n+1)之间共享编程时间。在第n行的编程周期期间,SEL[n]为高,并且偏置电流IB流过晶体管78和80。节点A31处的电压被自调节到(IB/β)1/2+VT,而节点B31处的电压为零,其中VT表示驱动晶体管76的阈值电压,并且β表示由IDS=β(VGS-VT)2给出的TFT的电流-电压(I-V)特性中的系数,并且IDS表示驱动晶体管76的漏-源电流。
在第(n+1)行的编程周期期间,VDATA变为VP-VB。结果,如果VB=(IB/β)1/2,则节点A31处的电压变为VP+VT。由于对于所有像素采用恒定的电流,因此IBIAS线一致地具有适当的电压,使得没有必要对该线进行预充电,结果得到较短的编程时间和较低的功耗。更重要的是,在第n行的编程周期开始时,节点B31的电压从VP-VB变为零。因此,节点A31处的电压变为(IB/β)1/2+VT,并且它已经被调节到它的最终值,得到快的建立时间。
在图14中,描述对于不同的偏置电流的CBVP像素电路的建立时间。这里可以将小的电流用作IB,结果得到较低的功耗。
图15示出了CBVP像素电路的I-V特性以及由驱动晶体管(例如图12的76)的阈值电压的2V的漂移引起的在像素电流中引起的总误差。结果指出,像素电流中总误差小于2%。请注意,IB=4.5μA。
图16示出了具有p型晶体管的显示器210。显示器210对应于图12的显示器208。显示器210采用如图17所示的CBVP驱动方案。在图12中,作为示例示出与两行和一列有关的元件。显示器210可以包括多于两行和多于一列。
显示器210包括OLED 90、存储电容器92和94、以及晶体管96、98、100、102和104。晶体管96是驱动晶体管。晶体管100和104是开关晶体管。晶体管24、26和28是p型晶体管。每个晶体管具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。
可以使用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如有机TFT)、PMOS技术或CMOS技术(例如,MOSFET)来制造晶体管96、98、100、102和104。显示器210可以形成AMOLED显示阵列。
在图16中,驱动晶体管96连接在OLED 90的阳极电极和电源线VDD之间。
图17示出了应用于图16的显示器210的一个示例性操作过程。图17对应于图13。图17的CBVP驱动方案使用类似于图13的IBIAS和VDATA。
根据CBVP驱动方案,产生向驱动晶体管提供的过驱动(overdrive)电压,从而与它的阈值电压和OLED电压无关。
像素元件(多个)的特性(多个)的漂移(多个)(例如,在长时间的显示操作下驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移和发光器件的退化)由存储在存储电容器中的电压并且通过将它施加到驱动晶体管的栅极来补偿。因而,像素电路可以提供通过发光器件的稳定电流而不受任何漂移的影响,这改善了显示器操作寿命。此外,由于电路简单,因此与传统的像素电路相比,它确保了更高的产品产量、更低的制造成本和更高的分辨率。
由于如上所述的像素电路的建立时间比传统像素电路的建立时间小得多,因此它适合于诸如高清晰度电视之类的大面积的显示器,但是它也不排除较小的显示面积。
请注意,用于驱动具有CBVP像素电路(例如200、202或204)的显示阵列的驱动器将像素亮度数据转换成电压。
现在详细描述用于像素的驱动技术,包括电压偏置的电流编程的(VBCP)驱动方案。在VBCP驱动方案中,在不调整镜像晶体管的尺寸的情况下按比例缩小像素电流。VBCP驱动方案使用电流来提供不同的灰度级(电流编程),并且使用偏置来加速编程并补偿像素的时间相关的参数,诸如阈值电压漂移。驱动晶体管的端子中的一个端子连接到虚拟地VGND。通过改变虚拟地的电压,像素电流改变。将偏置电流IB添加到驱动器侧的编程电流IP,然后通过改变虚拟地的电压来从像素电路内的编程电流中去掉偏置电流。
图18示出了根据本发明另一实施例的像素电路212。像素电路212采用如下所述的VBCP驱动方案。图18的像素电路212包括OLED 110、存储电容器111、开关网络112以及镜像晶体管114和116。镜像晶体管114和116形成电流镜。晶体管114是编程晶体管。晶体管116是驱动晶体管。开关网络112包括开关晶体管118和120。晶体管114、116、118和120中的每一个具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。
晶体管114、116、118和120是n型TFT晶体管。应用于像素电路212的驱动技术也适用于具有p型晶体管的互补像素电路,如图20所示。
可以使用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如有机TFT)、NMOS技术或CMOS技术(例如,MOSFET)来制造晶体管114、116、118和120。多个像素电路212可以形成AMOLED显示阵列。
为像素电路150设置选择线SEL、信号线IDATA、虚拟地线VGND、电源线VDD和公共地。
晶体管116的第一端子连接到OLED 110的阴极电极。晶体管116的第二端子连接到VGND。晶体管114的栅极端子、晶体管116的栅极端子和存储电容器111连接到连接节点A41。
开关晶体管118和120的栅极端子连接到SEL。开关晶体管120的第一端子连接到IDATA。开关晶体管118和120连接到晶体管114的第一端子。开关晶体管118连接到节点A41。
图19示出了用于图18的像素电路212的示例性操作。参考图18和图19,详细描述应用于像素电路212的电流按比例缩放技术。像素电路212的操作具有编程周期X41和驱动周期X42。
编程周期X41:SEL为高。因而,开关晶体管118和120导通。VGND变为偏置电压VB。通过IDATA提供电流(IB+IP),其中IP表示编程电流,并且IB表示偏置电流。等于(IB+IP)的电流经过开关晶体管118和120。
驱动晶体管116的栅-源电压被自调节到:
其中VT表示驱动晶体管116的阈值电压,并且β表示由IDS=β(VGS-VT)2给出的TFT的电流-电压(I-V)特性中的系数。IDS表示驱动晶体管116的漏-源电流。
存储在存储电容器111中的电压为:
其中VCS表示存储在存储电容器111中的电压。
由于驱动晶体管116的一个端子连接到VGND,因此在编程时间期间流过OLED 110的电流为:
其中Ipixel表示流过OLED 110的像素电流。
如果IB>>IP,则像素电流Ipixel可以被写为:
如下适当地选择VB:
像素电流Ipixel变为等于编程电流IP。因此,它避免了在编程周期期间的不想要的发射。
由于不需要调整尺寸,因此可以实现电流镜像素电路中的两个镜像晶体管之间的更好的匹配。
图20示出了具有p型晶体管的像素电路214。像素电路214对应于图18的像素电路212。像素电路214采用如图21所示的VBCP驱动方案。像素电路214包括OLED 130、存储电容器131、开关网络132以及镜像晶体管134和136。镜像晶体管134和136形成电流镜。晶体管134是编程晶体管。晶体管136是驱动晶体管。开关网络132包括开关晶体管138和140。晶体管134、136、138和140是p型TFT晶体管。晶体管134、136、138和140中的每一个具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。
可以使用非晶硅、纳米/微米晶体硅、多晶硅、有机半导体技术(例如有机TFT)、PMOS技术或CMOS技术(例如,MOSFET)来制造晶体管134、136、138和140。多个像素电路214可以形成AMOLED显示阵列。
为像素电路214设置选择线SEL、信号线IDATA、虚拟地线VGND和电源线VSS。
晶体管136连接在VGND和OLED 130的阴极电极之间。晶体管134的栅极端子、晶体管136的栅极端子、存储电容器131和开关网络132在节点A42处连接。
图21示出了用于图20的像素电路214的示例性操作。图21对应于图19。图21的VBCP驱动方案使用类似于图19的IDATA和VGND。
应用于像素电路212和214的VBCP技术适用于除了电流镜类型的像素电路之外的电流编程的像素电路。
例如,VBCP技术适合用在AMOLED显示器中。VBCP技术增强了电流编程的像素电路显示器(例如AMOLED显示器)的建立时间。
请注意,用于驱动具有VBCP像素电路(例如212、214)的显示阵列的驱动器将像素亮度数据转换成电流。
图22示出了用于具有多个CBVP像素电路151(CBVP1-1、CBVP1-2、CBVP2-1、CBVP2-2)的显示阵列150的驱动机构。CBVP像素电路151是可适用CBVP驱动方案的像素电路。例如,CBVP像素电路151可以是图1、图5、图8、图10、图12或图16中所示的像素电路。在图22中,作为示例示出四个CBVP像素电路151。显示阵列150可以具有多于四个或少于四个CBVP像素电路151。
显示阵列150是AMOLED显示器,其中以多行和多列的方式布置多个CBVP像素电路151。在该阵列结构中,在同一列的像素之间共享VDATA1(或VDATA2)和IBIAS1(或IBIAS2),而在同一行的像素之间共享SEL1(或SEL2)。
通过地址驱动器152驱动SEL1和SEL2。通过源极驱动器154驱动VDATA1和VDATA2。还通过源极驱动器154驱动IBIAS1和IBIAS2。设置控制器和调度器(scheduler)156用于控制和调度编程、校准及用于操作显示阵列的其它操作,其包括对于如上所述的CBVP驱动方案的控制和调度。
图23示出了用于具有多个VBCP像素电路的显示阵列160的驱动机构。在图23中,示出图18的像素电路212作为VBCP像素电路的示例。但是,显示阵列160可以包括适用描述的VBCP驱动方案的任何其它像素电路。
图23的SEL1和SEL2对应于图18的SEL。图23的VGND1和VGAND2对应于图18的VDATA。图23的IDATA1和IDATA2对应于图18的IDATA。在图23中,作为示例示出四个VBCP像素电路。显示阵列160可以具有多于四个或少于四个VBCP像素电路。
显示阵列160是AMOLED显示器,其中以多行和多列的方式布置多个VBCP像素电路。在该阵列结构中,在同一列的像素之间共享IDATA1(或IDATA2),而在同一行的像素之间共享SEL1(或SEL2)和VGND1(或VGND2)。
通过地址驱动器162驱动SEL1、SEL2、VGND1和VGND2。通过源极驱动器164驱动IDATA1和IDATA。设置控制器和调度器166用于控制和调度编程、校准及用于操作显示阵列的其它操作,其包括对于如上所述的VBCP驱动方案的控制和调度。
图24示出了根据本发明另一实施例的像素电路400。图24的像素电路400是3-TFT的电流偏置的电压编程的像素电路并且采用CBVP驱动方案。该驱动方案通过补偿失配而改善了显示器的寿命和产出率。
像素电路400包括OLED 402、存储电容器404、驱动晶体管406以及开关晶体管408和410。每个晶体管具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。晶体管406、408和410是p型TFT晶体管。应用于像素电路400的驱动技术也适用于具有n型晶体管的互补像素电路,如本领域技术人员所理解的。
可以使用多晶硅、纳米/微米(晶体)硅、非晶硅、CMOS、有机半导体、金属有机技术或它们的组合来实现晶体管406、408和410。多个像素电路400可以形成有源矩阵阵列。应用于像素电路400的驱动方案补偿有源矩阵显示器中的时间和空间的不均匀性。
选择线SEL、信号线Vdata、偏置线Ibias和电源线Vdd连接到像素电路400。偏置线Ibias提供基于显示器规范(specification)限定的偏置电流(Ibias),该显示器规范为诸如寿命、功率以及器件性能和均匀性。
驱动晶体管406的第一端子连接到电源线Vdd。驱动晶体管406的第二端子在节点B20处连接到OLED 402。电容器404的一个端子连接到信号线Vdata,并且电容器404的另一个端子在节点A20处连接到驱动晶体管406的栅极端子。
开关晶体管408和410的栅极端子连接到选择线SEL。开关晶体管408连接在节点A20和节点B20之间。开关晶体管410连接在节点B20和偏置线Ibias之间。
对于像素电路400,通过晶体管410提供预定的固定电流(Ibias)以补偿所有的空间和时间的不均匀性,并且电压编程用来将电流分成不同的灰度级所需的不同的电流电平。
如图25所示,像素电路400的操作包括编程阶段X61和驱动阶段X62。图25的Vdata[j]对应于图24的Vdd。图25的Vp[k,j](k=1,2,...,n)表示Vdata[j]上的第k个编程电压,其中“j”是列号。
参考图24和图25,在编程周期X61期间,SEL为低,使得开关晶体管408和410导通。经由偏置线Ibias将偏置电流Ibias施加到像素电路400,并且驱动晶体管406的栅极端子被自调节以允许全部电流经过驱动晶体管406的源极-漏极。在此周期处,Vdata具有与像素的灰度级有关的编程电压。在驱动周期X62期间,开关晶体管408和410截止,并且电流经过驱动晶体管406和OLED 402。
图26是示出根据本发明另一实施例的像素电路420的图。图26的像素电路420是6-TFT的电流偏置的电压编程的像素电路并且采用具有发射控制的CBVP驱动方案。此驱动方案通过补偿失配而改善了显示器的寿命和产出率。
像素电路420包括OLED 422、存储电容器424和晶体管426-436。每个晶体管具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子。晶体管426-436是p型TFT晶体管。应用于像素电路420的驱动技术也适用于具有n型晶体管的互补像素电路,如本领域技术人员所理解的。
可以使用多晶硅、纳米/微米(晶体)硅、非晶硅、CMOS、有机半导体、金属有机技术或它们的组合来实现晶体管426-436。多个像素电路420可以形成有源矩阵阵列。应用于像素电路420的驱动方案补偿有源矩阵显示器中的时间和空间的不均匀性。
一个选择线SEL、信号线Vdata、偏置线Ibias、电源线Vdd、参考电压线Vref和发射信号线EM连接到像素电路420。偏置线Ibias提供基于显示器规范限定的偏置电流(Ibias),该显示器规范为诸如寿命、功率以及器件性能和均匀性。参考电压线Vref提供参考电压(Vref)。可以基于偏置电流Ibias以及可包括灰度级和/或对比度的显示器规范来确定参考电压Vref。信号线EM提供使像素电路420导通的发射信号EM。像素电路420基于发射信号EM变为发射模式。
晶体管426的栅极端子、晶体管432的一个端子和晶体管434的一个端子在节点A21处连接。电容器424的一个端子、晶体管428的一个端子和晶体管434的另一个端子在节点B21处连接。电容器424的另一个端子、晶体管430的一个端子、晶体管436的一个端子和晶体管426的一个端子在节点C21处连接。晶体管430的另一个端子连接到偏置线Ibias。晶体管432的另一个端子连接到参考电压线Vref。选择线SEL连接到晶体管428、430和432的栅极端子。选择线EM连接到晶体管434和436的栅极端子。晶体管426是驱动晶体管。晶体管428、430、432、434和436是开关晶体管。
对于像素电路420,通过晶体管430提供预定的固定电流(Ibias),而通过晶体管432将参考电压Vref施加到晶体管426的栅极端子,并且通过晶体管428将编程电压VP施加到存储电容器424的另一个端子(即,节点B21)。这里,晶体管426的源极电压(即,节点C21的电压)将被自调节以允许偏置电流通过晶体管426,因而它补偿所有的空间和时间的不均匀性。此外,电压编程用来将电流分成不同的灰度级所需的不同的电流电平。
如图27所示,像素电路420的操作包括编程阶段X71和驱动阶段X72。
参考图26和图27,在编程周期X71期间,SEL为低,使得晶体管428、430和432导通,将固定偏置电流施加到Ibias线,并且晶体管426的源极被自调节以允许全部电流经过晶体管426的源极-漏极。在此周期处,Vdata具有与像素的灰度级有关的编程电压,并且电容器424存储编程电压和由用于失配补偿的电流产生的电压。在驱动周期X72期间,晶体管428、430和432截止,而晶体管434和436由发射信号EM导通。在此驱动周期X72期间,晶体管426提供用于OLED 422的电流。
在图25中,对整个显示器进行编程,然后它被点亮(变为发射模式)。相对照地,在图27中,可以在通过使用发射线EM编程之后点亮每行。
在图25和图27的操作中,偏置线提供预定的固定偏置电流。但是,偏置电流Ibias可以是可调节的,并且可以在显示器的操作期间调节偏置电流Ibias。
图28示出了具有用于实现CBVP驱动方案的阵列结构的显示系统的示例。图28的显示系统450包括具有多个像素454的像素阵列452、栅极驱动器456、源极驱动器458以及用于控制驱动器456和458的控制器460。栅极驱动器456对地址(选择)线(例如,SEL[1],SEL[2],...)进行操作。源极驱动器458对数据线(例如,Vdata[1],Vdata[2],...)进行操作。显示系统450包括校准的电流镜块462,用于使用参考电流Iref对偏置线(例如,Ibias[1]、Ibias[2])进行操作。块462包括多个校准的电流镜,每个校准的电流镜用于对应的Ibias。可以通过开关向校准的电流镜块462提供参考电流Iref。
像素电路454可以与图24的像素电路400或图26的像素电路420相同,其中SEL[i](i=1,2,...)对应于图24或图26的SEL,Vdata[j](j=1,2,...)对应于图24或图26的Vdata,并且Ibias[j](j=1,2,...)对应于图24或图26的Ibias。当使用图26的像素电路420作为像素电路454时,显示器周围的驱动器(诸如栅极驱动器456)控制每个发射线EM。
在图28中,利用参考电流源校准电流镜。在面板的编程周期(例如,图25的X61、图27的X71)期间,校准的电流镜(块462)向偏置线Ibias提供电流。可以在面板的边缘处制造这些电流镜。
图29示出了具有用于实现CBVP驱动方案的阵列结构的显示系统的另一个示例。图29的显示系统470包括具有多个像素474的像素阵列472、栅极驱动器476、源极驱动器478以及用于控制驱动器476和478的控制器480。栅极驱动器476对地址(选择)线(例如,SEL[0],SEL[1],SEL[2],...)进行操作。源极驱动器478对数据线(例如,Vdata[1],Vdata[2],...)进行操作。显示系统470包括校准的电流源块482,用于使用Vdata线对偏置线(例如,Ibias[1]、Ibias[2])进行操作。块482包括多个校准的电流源,每个校准的电流源是为Ibias线设置的。
像素电路474可以与图24的像素电路400或图26的像素电路420相同,其中SEL[i](i=1,2,...)对应于图24或图26的SEL,Vdata[j](j=1,2,...)对应于图24或图26的Vdata,并且Ibias[j](j=1,2,...)对应于图24或图26的Ibias。当使用图26的像素电路420作为像素电路474时,显示器周围的驱动器(诸如栅极驱动器456)控制每个发射线EM。
每个电流源482包括电压到电流转换器,其将经由Vdata线的电压转换成电流。选择线中的一个选择线用来操作用于将Vdata线连接到电流源482的开关490。在此示例中,地址线SEL[0]操作开关490。电流源482被当做显示器的一行(即,第0行)。在电流源482处转换Vdata线上的电压之后,Vdata线用来对显示器的真实的像素电路474进行编程。
在工厂处提取与每个电流源有关的电压并且将其存储在存储器(例如,闪速存储器、EPROM或PROM)中。由于电流源的失配,对于每个电流源,此电压(校准的电压)可能不同。在每个帧的开始时,使用存储的校准电压通过源极驱动器478对电流源482进行编程,使得所有的电流源482提供相同的电流。
在图28中,由电流镜462利用参考电流Iref产生偏置电流(Ibias)。但是,图28的系统450可以使用电流源482来产生Ibias。在图29中,由电流源482的电流转换器利用Vdata线产生偏置电流(Ibias)。但是,图29的系统470可以使用图28的电流镜462。
在图30-32中描述空间失配对使用不同的驱动方案的面板的图像质量的影响。具有传统的2-TFT的像素电路的显示器的图像遭受阈值电压失配和迁移率变化两者(图30)。另一方面,没有偏置线Ibias的电压编程的像素电路可以控制阈值电压失配的影响,但是,它们可能遭受迁移率变化(图31),而实施例中的电流偏置的电压编程的(CBVP)驱动方案可以控制迁移率变化和阈值电压变化二者的影响(图32)。
已经参考一个或多个实施例描述了本发明。但是,本领域技术人员将明白,在不脱离如权利要求所限定的本发明范围的情况下,可以做出许多变化和修改。
Claims (1)
1.一种像素电路,包括:
发光器件,用于在驱动周期期间被驱动为发光;
存储电容器,具有第一端子和第二端子,所述存储电容器用于在编程周期期间存储与编程电压有关的电压;
驱动晶体管,与所述发光器件串联耦接,所述驱动晶体管具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子,并且所述驱动晶体管用于在驱动周期期间驱动所述发光器件发光,所述驱动晶体管的所述第一端子和所述第二端子中的一个耦接到所述存储电容器的所述第二端子,并且所述驱动晶体管的所述第一端子和所述第二端子中的另一个端子耦接到所述发光器件;
第一开关晶体管,具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子,所述第一开关晶体管的栅极端子耦接到选择线,所述第一开关晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的一个耦接到所述驱动晶体管的栅极端子,所述第一开关晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的另一个耦接到第一参考电压;
第二开关晶体管,具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子,所述第二开关晶体管的所述栅极端子耦接到所述选择线,所述第二开关晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的一个耦接到所述存储电容器的所述第一端子,所述第二开关晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的另一个耦接到信号线;
第三开关晶体管,具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子,所述第三开关晶体管的栅极端子耦接到所述选择线,所述第三开关晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的一个耦接到偏置线,所述第三开关晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的另一个耦接到所述存储电容器的所述第二端子,所述第三开关晶体管用于在所述第一参考电压通过所述第一开关晶体管施加到所述驱动晶体管的所述栅极端子的同时,提供来自所述偏置线的偏置电流通过所述驱动晶体管;
第四开关晶体管,具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子,所述第四开关晶体管的栅极端子耦接到发射选择线,所述第四开关晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的一个耦接到所述存储电容器的所述第一端子,所述第四开关晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的另一个耦接到所述驱动晶体管的所述栅极端子;以及
发射控制晶体管,具有栅极端子、第一端子和第二端子,所述发射控制晶体管的栅极端子耦接到所述发射选择线,所述发射控制晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的一个耦接到所述存储电容器的所述第二端子,所述发射控制晶体管的所述第一端子和第二端子中的另一个耦接到电源线。
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US9877371B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
JP2011520139A (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
TW200949807A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
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JP5466694B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
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US10555398B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 |
US8614652B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
KR20100134125A (ko) | 2010-12-22 |
US20140085359A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
JP5726247B2 (ja) | 2015-05-27 |
US20180084621A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
CN102057418B (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
CN104299566A (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
CN102057418A (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
WO2009127065A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
JP2014029533A (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
EP2277163B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
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