CN1682267A - 显示装置 - Google Patents

显示装置 Download PDF

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CN1682267A
CN1682267A CNA03821878XA CN03821878A CN1682267A CN 1682267 A CN1682267 A CN 1682267A CN A03821878X A CNA03821878X A CN A03821878XA CN 03821878 A CN03821878 A CN 03821878A CN 1682267 A CN1682267 A CN 1682267A
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pixel
display
display device
data
temperature
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M·T·约翰逊
P·范德维杰
J·N·胡伊伯特斯
C·T·H·F·里伊登鲍姆
O·吉埃肯斯
E·A·穆伦坎普
S·I·E·沃尔托
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • GPHYSICS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于显示包括多个显示像素(2)的图像的显示装置,用于产生驱动象素(2)的驱动信号(8)的控制器(3),以及传感器(9;11;14),其中所述传感器(9;11;14)能监测象素(2)的工作条件,所述控制器(3)用于从传感器(9;11;14)接收与工作条件有关的数据以确定工作条件所引起的象素(2)的亮度改变,并基于亮度改变来产生驱动信号(8)。

Description

显示装置
本发明涉及一种用于显示包括多个显示像素的图像的显示装置,用于产生驱动信号以驱动像素的控制器,以及传感器。本发明还涉及一种产生用于驱动用以显示图像的有机电致发光显示装置的多个像素的驱动信号的方法。
诸如聚合物或有机发光二极管(分别为PLED和OLED)显示装置的有机电致发光显示装置(下文中称作显示装置)中的显示像素,在操作期间退化,从而导致给定电流密度下光输出改变(通常减小)。图1中说明了这种退化行为的一个例子,示出了作为工作时间t的函数的光输出L的减小。用恒电流驱动该显示器。随着光输出L降低,驱动电压D增加。由于显示器中的某些像素与其他像素相比被更频繁地使用,这些更频繁使用的像素比不太频繁使用的像素表现出更大退化。这种现象导致显示装置中产生长时间残留(burnt-in)图像。在彩色显示器中,影响更加严重,因为显示器存在变色的缺点,即“白色”不再为白,而显示出例如绿色阴影。
WO99/41732披露了一种分片式(tiled)电子显示结构,其中每一片包括与该片的各种显示像素连接的集成电路。该集成电路包括电子补偿系统,其连续调节各显示像素的亮度以补偿老化或退化。通过对特定像素测量电流和时间、并将电流与时间的乘积(即总电荷数据)积分,预测显示像素亮度的衰减,从而实现电子补偿。用该乘积拟合特性曲线,并用于通过预测恢复像素原始亮度值的新驱动电流而调节驱动电流。
不过,在许多情况下对显示像素的总电荷数进行监测,不足以可靠地确定用于恢复显示像素原始亮度水平或者保持均匀亮度所需的补偿。
本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的显示装置,其能保持显示像素更均匀的亮度水平。由独立权利要求限定本发明。从属权利要求限定优选实施例。
通过提供一种显示装置实现这一目的,其中传感器可监测像素的工作条件,控制器用于从传感器接收与工作条件有关的数据,以确定工作条件所导致的像素亮度改变并根据亮度改变产生驱动信号。
通过提供这种显示装置,可利用来自(多个)传感器的数据产生显示像素的驱动信号,该信号充分考虑了促使显示像素退化的相关因素。与现有技术相比,能更加精确地确定像素的亮度改变。
如果在显示图像时控制器能使像素具有大致恒定的相对亮度,则是有益的。可使用像素的相对亮度,通过减小对退化较小像素的驱动,而将驱动信号调节到退化最严重的像素的水平。这样就延长了像素的寿命。在选择退化最严重像素时,可以将其值超出预定退化水平的像素排除在外。或者可使用相对亮度调节驱动信号以恢复初始亮度水平,或者恢复初始水平与退化最严重像素亮度水平之间的水平。
在本发明的优选实施例中,传感器包括至少一个温度传感器,用于监测与像素有关的温度数据;存在用于监测像素总电荷数据的监控装置;以及该控制器适合于根据总电荷数据和温度数据产生驱动信号。如果工作温度改变,结果引起显示像素的退化行为改变,则该实施例能调节该驱动信号。温度数据可以表示为加速度因子,其用作为总电荷的一个乘数,以获得改进的驱动信号从而使象素具有大致恒定的相对亮度。
如果温度传感器包括至少一个参考像素和温度确定装置是有益的,该温度装置用于根据参考像素的至少一个与温度有关的性质确定温度。在显示装置中与显示像素同时制造用于测量或导出温度的参考像素,从而不必执行额外的处理步骤来提供温度传感器。此外,与采用不同结构的传感器相比,可更加可靠地测量或导出显示器或显示像素的温度,这是因为用于温度测量的(多个)参考像素是显示装置的整体部分,从而可进行直接测量。与温度有关的性质或数值可以涉及到电学性质或数值,如参考像素的电导率。
优选地,参考像素的材料成份与显示像素相似,因为这对于减小显示装置制造过程的复杂性而言是有利的。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,根据温度测量状态驱动参考像素。在温度测量状态下,向参考像素施加偏压,该偏压足够低,以防止或者至少基本上防止该像素发光;并且足够高,以便能可靠地测量或导出参考像素的与温度有关的性质或特征。按照温度测量状态向参考像素施加偏压具有以下优点,即像素没有表现出驱动像素发光时通常观察到的退化行为。从而,可以可靠地进行温度测量,无需校正来解决参考像素退化的问题。在向参考像素施加偏压时,可采用反偏压和正偏压。还可以定期探测参考像素,这取决于例如所采用的校正驱动机制。与连续测量相比,定期探测在能耗方面更加有效。
在本发明一个优选实施例中,遮蔽参考像素使其不受周围或环境光的影响。使(多个)参考像素不受环境光的照射,防止了光电流影响测量,并防止由于环境光而导致(多个)参考像素的可能退化。
在本发明一个优选实施例中,传感器包括至少一个参考像素,例如假像素(dummy pixel),存在用于监测像素总电荷数据的监测装置,并且存在用于确定参考像素的退化状态数据的另一监测装置,该控制器用于在考虑到总电荷数据和退化状态数据的情况下产生驱动信号。显示装置中包含一个或多个参考像素,从而能够在考虑其他效应(如显示像素的自发退化(保存期限效应)、以及特别是在显示装置寿命开始时发生的与显示像素预期退化行为的偏离(初始下降效应))的情况下调节驱动信号。优选地,参考像素具有相关的用于直接测量退化状态或者导出参考像素退化状态的光电二极管。
在本发明一个优选实施例中,驱动信号考虑来自监测装置的总电荷数据、温度数据以及来自另一监测装置的退化状态数据。这样装置就能更可靠地监测显示像素的退化,并产生改进的驱动信号以恢复显示像素的原始亮度水平。
在本发明一个优选实施例中,显示器为彩色显示器,其中像素包括至少两个不同类型的子像素,且对于每种类型子像素存在至少一个参考像素。该实施例的优点在于,例如不同类型的R、G和B显示子像素的退化行为可能彼此显著不同,由此对于R、G和B子像素而言驱动信号的调节是不同的。此外,该实施例使显示装置能保持所需的色平衡。另外,通过这种方法易于监测有源矩阵彩色显示器,因为不必再测量矩阵中像素上的电压来获得这些像素的总电荷数据。如果采用假像素,则优选地用至少一个假像素表示每种不同类型。注意如果在本申请中讨论彩色显示器,则术语“显示像素”也指各R、G和B子像素的每一个。
在本发明一个优选实施例中,对于每种颜色将假像素驱动到平均亮度水平。该实施例无需在向客户送货前预老化显示器,从而降低制造成本。
在本发明一个优选实施例中,由于针对一个或多个彩色显示像素从监测装置和/或另一监测装置接收的数据,可停止对驱动信号的调节。这提供的优点在于,如果发生严重偏离预期退化行为,则可避免有可能导致显示器早期失效的极度过补偿。
应当理解,可以将本发明的上述实施例或上述实施例的各方面加以组合。
在上述实施例中,优选针对地每个单独显示像素保存数据或其导数。在另一实施例中,传感器包括用于检测像素的反向电流与反向电压之间的关系以得出像素退化状态数据的电路,并且控制器用于考虑退化状态数据来产生驱动信号。该实施例具有无需将像素历史保存到存储器中的优点,因为通过检测反向电压与反向电流之间的关系推导出实际象素退化状态。优选根据显示像素的尺寸选择所施加的反向电流或反向电压。
在一个优选实施例中,在开启显示装置之后得出退化状态数据,通过这种方法可在每次开启时绝对确定退化状态。如果驱动信号的所需调节随时间是非线性的,则其尤为重要。
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的实施例,在附图中:
图1示意地表示出LED装置在恒流驱动时的典型退化行为;
图2表示根据本发明第一实施例的LED显示装置;
图3表示根据本发明第二实施例的LED显示装置;
图4示意地表示对于两种LED显示装置,亮度衰减作为分数寿命的函数;
图5表示根据本发明另一实施例的LED显示装置;
图6表示在LED显示装置的不同寿命时,漏电流作为所施加反向电压的函数的测量结果;
图7表示在不同漏电流下,归一化反向电压的偏移作为LED显示装置的寿命的函数;
图8表示根据本发明一实施例的LED显示装置;以及
图9为PLED装置的典型电流/电压特性曲线的示意表示。
图2表示根据第一发明优选实施例的显示装置,其中设置用于补偿图1中所示LED装置的退化行为的装置。显示器1包括设置成行与列的矩阵的多个显示像素2。显示像素2由控制器3响应于数据输入信号4驱动。数据输入信号4包括例如通过驱动各显示像素2而将要在显示器1上显示出的一个或多个图像。可以理解显示器可为无源或有源矩阵显示器,并且可以为单色显示器或其中显示像素包括例如R、G和B的子像素的彩色显示器。
在给定温度下,显示器1中像素2的光退化速率相当线性地与装置中的电流密度成比例变化,而随着装置更多地使用(图1),总退化速率下降(通常成对数)。对于每种颜色(如R、G和B)使用不同种类发光材料的彩色显示器而言,光输出的绝对衰减速率对于不同子像素R、G和B是不同的。
为了监测这种退化,显示器1包含通过接线6与控制器3连接的模块5。模块5用于监测在给定时间通过像素2的总电荷,即像素历史。注意模块5可以是控制器3的一个组成部分,不过为了清楚起见分别画出。模块5包括查询表(未示出)和/或分析函数,并且适用于通过接线7为控制器3提供与显示像素退化有关的数据。在彩色显示器中,可以对每个子像素使用单独的查询表或分析函数。控制器3通过产生驱动信号8来驱动显示像素2,其中调节驱动信号8可调整成补偿所监测到的一个或多个显示像素2的退化。
在操作期间,控制器3接收将要通过驱动显示像素2在显示器1上显示的数据输入信号4。可通过或者在控制器3中,或者通过或者在模块5中执行数据处理。如果要同时调节全部图像数据,则可将数据本地保存到控制器3中简单帧存储器内。或者,如果要修改更少部分的图像数据,则相应地更小存储器(如线存储器)就足够了。在模块5中,访问显示像素2的像素历史,并通过接线7传送给控制器3。在控制器3中,借助于查询表或分析函数,将暂时保存在控制器3的本地存储器中的数据输入信号4调节成数据信号4′(未示出),以考虑像素历史。调节过的数据信号4′通过接线6传送给模块5,并且增加到以前的像素历史中,并保存到模块5中作为新像素历史。数据信号4′还用作调节过的驱动信号8,用于驱动显示像素2,以便保持像素2的相对亮度水平。
或者,要显示在像素2上的输入信号4的数据4通过接线6直接传送给模块5。如果要同时调节全部图像数据,则可将数据本地地保存到模块5中简单帧存储器内。如果要修改更少部分的图像数据,则相应地更小存储器就足够了。在模块5中,访问像素2的像素历史,并且借助查询表或分析函数,将数据输入信号4调节成数据信号4′,以考虑到像素历史。调节过的数据信号4′添加到以前的像素历史中,并存储到模块5中作为新像素历史。也使用接线7将数据信号4′传送给模块3,以获得调节过的用于驱动显示像素2的驱动信号8,以便保持相同的相对亮度值。或者,可通过将驱动信号8调节到退化最多的显示像素2的驱动信号水平来减小退化较少的显示像素的亮度,以便延长显示器寿命。
对于彩色显示子像素,不仅需要监测每个像素的退化,而且还必须通过调节驱动信号来保持色平衡,即以保持色平衡的方式变亮(或变暗)不同颜色的子像素。可针对未退化像素或者退化最严重的显示像素的亮度来进行这种调节,或者根据另一种可供选择的机制,针对例如两个上述亮度水平之间的水平进行这种调节。
通常随着像素老化,显示像素2的退化速率减小,如图1中所示。从而,越来越少的来自于监测装置的数据可以保存到模块5的存储器中,同时保持一定的精度水平。
如果所描述的显示装置工作在非常小的范围下,或者显示像素2的退化并不强依赖于温度,则该装置可保持充分稳定的亮度。不过,在许多情形中,在较高温度下LED退化更快。为了获得显示像素2的可靠的退化数据,必须考虑到显示像素2的工作温度。为了获得与显示像素2的工作温度有关的数据,显示装置包括至少一个温度传感器9。对于更大显示器1而言,可能需要更多温度传感器9以便计及显示器1上的温度梯度。温度传感器9通过接线10与控制器3连接。
在操作过程中,通过温度传感器9监测显示像素2的温度,并且通过接线10将该温度数据馈入控制器3。该温度数据用于确定加速度因子,而所述加速度因子对于彩色显示装置中的每种颜色子像素(例如R、G和B)而言有可能不同。加速度因子反映出每个温度下的不同退化速度,(对于每种颜色)退化速度是已知的。再次如上所述使用例如模块5中的查询表或分析函数调节该数据。可针对从温度传感器9获得的工作温度修改查询表或分析函数。这样就保证与温度无关的显示亮度,以及彩色显示器中保持适当的色平衡。在相伴随的光效率下降的计算之后,通过接线7将调节过的数据信号4′发送给控制器3,并且调节驱动信号8以保持显示像素2的相对亮度水平。从而(通过监测总电荷数据)考虑驱动信号像素历史调节驱动信号8。通过将调节过的数据信号4′与依赖于温度的退化加速度因子的乘积增加到保存于模块5中的在先像素历史中作为新像素历史,从而更新像素历史。在彩色显示器中,可以再次如上所述保持色平衡。
在图2中所示的上述实施例中,假设(有色)显示像素2的像素历史和温度历史完全可再现。不过,有可能遇到该假设无效的几种情况。例如根据经验可知,在没有驱动信号8驱动时显示像素2也可能退化。下文中将这种效应称作保存期限效应。此外,退化存在周期,特别是在显示器1寿命开始时,退化以一种较不明确定义的方式迅速发生,下文中将其称作初始下降效应。
为了计入保存期限效应、初始下降效应和其他效应,在图3中表示出包括参考像素11(下文中也称作“假”像素)的显示装置。与图2中所用相同的附图标记表示相同或相似元件。优选假像素11的数量少,如果使用彩色显示装置,则对于每种类型的子像素至少具有一个假像素11。如果相同种类子像素与该子像素的不同颜色滤色器结合产生两种不同颜色,对于相同类型的两个子像素仅使用一个公共参考像素。使用接线12经由另一监测装置13(如光、电压或电流测量装置),将假像素11与控制器3相连,以便监测假像素11的光输出、电压(给定电流下)或电流(给定电压下)。可以通过为每个假像素提供相关的光电二极管(未示出),方便光测量。光电二极管可以在制造过程中整体形成到有源矩阵显示器中。由此,可以直接测量(光)或者(从电压增加与光减小之间的关系,如图1中所示)推导出假像素的退化状态。
在操作过程中,可通过多种模式使用假像素11。为了考虑保存期限效应,假像素11中的一个或多个保持基本上未驱动,仅通过另一监测装置13进行定期检测,以确定假像素11的退化状态。当检测周期短时,这应当不影响保存期限型退化。如果检测到保存期限所引起的退化,则必须通过以适当方式(即通过使所有显示像素2过老化)调节模块5中的像素历史而将退化状态考虑在内,并由此调节驱动信号8以保持显示像素2的相对亮度水平。
为了监测象素退化是否按照上述退化模型所预期的那样进行退化,可通过单元13(未示出)驱动(每种颜色的)一个或多个假像素11。优选,驱动这些假像素11,以便获得显示器1上每种颜色子像素的平均亮度水平。如果发现严重偏离预期行为,则可使用监测到的退化状态数据调节模块5中的像素历史,并且控制器3可产生调节过的驱动信号。这样就有可能也对其中退化不太可预测的“初始下降”期间的退化进行补偿。这是一个重要的优点,因为不需要在向客户送货之前预老化显示器,因而增加了寿命并降低制造时间和成本。
在极端情况下,即遇到严重偏离预期的退化行为(例如退化进行得比预期要慢得多),则提供可关闭模块5的装置(未示出),从而补偿一个或多个有色显示像素2。这将避免由于极度过补偿导致的任何失控行为,而所述失控行为会引起显示器不必要的早期失效。
下面,参照图4-7讨论可供选择用于延长有机电致发光装置寿命的实施例。在图4所示的示意图中表示出对于用于显示器1或显示像素2的两种类型的聚合物T1和T2,亮度B作为分数寿命FL的函数衰减。分数寿命定义为工作时间除以特定装置的寿命,其中寿命由标准寿命定义,而标准寿命定义为显示器1或显示像素2的光输出与初始数值相比衰减50%的时间。对于矩阵显示装置,仅允许10%的衰减。从而,特别是对于显示器1或显示像素2的种类T1的行为,驱动信号的调节是重要的。对于具有苯环和乙烯基键的PPV-型共轭聚合物观察到I型行为,而发现仅具有苯环的氟型共轭聚合物具有T2型行为。可以看出(图4中虚线所示),根据对于矩阵显示装置的10%衰减的定义,使用T1型聚合物的显示像素的寿命是T2型聚合物寿命的5到10倍。根据标准寿命定义(允许50%的衰减),这种差别仅为10%。特别是显示装置中采用的T1型聚合物在显示器1上均匀性亮度方面带来严重问题。如果将这些像素驱动不同时间量,则产生这些与显示像素2之间亮度差异有关的问题。以上,已经描述了解释该行为的原因并使用模块5中的存储器保持显示像素2的相对亮度的各种实施例。
在图5中所示本发明的可选实施例中,上面描述的与像素历史有关的模块5中的存储器无需恢复原始亮度水平。同样,显示器1包括设置成行与列的矩阵的多个显示像素2。显示像素2可由控制器3响应于数据输入信号4驱动。数据输入信号4包括例如一个或多个要通过驱动各显示像素2显示在显示器1上的图像。可以理解,显示器1可为无源或有源矩阵显示器,并且可以为单色显示器或者显示像素包括例如R、G和B子像素的彩色显示器。电路14用于向一个或多个显示像素2施加反向电流或反向电压,并且用于测量所产生的电压或漏电流。接线15能传输所需信号。电路14还用于从测量结果推导出显示像素2的退化状态数据。由此获得的退化状态数据通过接线16输入控制器3,使控制器3能在产生用于显示像素2的驱动信号8时计入退化状态数据。可知电路14可以为例如控制器3的一个模块,而非一个单独部件。
图6示意地表示如果施加反向电压,在寿命tlife期间漏电流IL的典型漂移,如箭头所示。用寿命表示时间。此处在加速退化条件(90℃;在50Cd/m2下寿命为168小时)下进行测量。室温下,相应的寿命合计大约22000小时。从图6中清楚看出,通过施加反向电压V并测量漏电流IL(反之亦然),可确定显示像素2受到驱动的时间t。
图7表示出如果施加反向电流IL,测量反向电压V并将其与分数寿命联系得到的显示像素2的结果。不同符号组成了三个不同反向电流密度下反向电压的偏移。如图7中直线所示发现电压漂移具有线性行为(偏离该线性行为是显示像素2失效的先兆)。将测得电压V相对初始值V0进行归一化作为反向电压。由于可通过可再现的方式制造所述装置,因而反向电压V的初始值V0是恒定的。
在图5中所示的可供选择的实施例中,优选通过电路14向每个显示象素2施加特定反向电流IL,并测量电压V。所施加的适于实现该功能的反向电流IL与显示象素2的尺寸成比例变化。可例如每天执行一次(当开启该显示装置时)向显示象素2施加反向电流IL。结果,对于每个象素获得反向电压V,该反向电压可以直接与显示象素2已经工作的时间t联系(参见图7)。利用图4中所示显示象素2的特性,将这一时间直接与亮度B联系起来,而所述特性与从中可推导出对数据输入信号4的调节的退化状态相对应,所述调节是为了保持显示象素2的相对亮度水平或者恢复原始亮度水平。从而,可基于测得的反向电压V与相应的显示输入信号4所需校正之间的函数相关性,对驱动信号8进行调节,对于所有显示象素2而言这是相同的。不需要用于象素历史的存储器。对于性质或质量表现出较大变化的显示象素2而言,初始电压V0可能需要存储器。通过接线16将与这种退化状态有关的数据传送给控制器3。控制器3计入由此获得的退化状态数据产生驱动信号8,结果是至少部分地校正、恢复或保持初始亮度。
在图8中,表示出温度传感器的一个实施例,其中该显示装置包括有源显示区(下文中称作显示器),显示象素2设置成行与列的矩阵。PLED显示器中所使用的可能结构为显示像素2或包括具有有机材料的有源层的电致发光材料层的片段,该层处于第一与第二电极图案(未示出)之间,所述图案定义出显示象素2或片段,两个图案其中至少一个对于通过有源层发射出的光是透明的,并且第一图案包括适于注入电荷载流子的材料。本发明还可应用于分段显示器(segmenteddisplay)、使用PLED或OLED技术的背光、光源和其他发光装置。
此外,显示装置包括具有参考象素911的区域11。由于参考象素911集成到显示装置本身中,可以更加精确地检测实际显示象素2的温度。在图8中,参考象素911作为显示器1附近的单独象素实现。不过,应当理解还可以采用显示器1的特定象素,例如处于显示器1角落处的显示象素2’。
参考象素911优选与显示象素2具有相同材料成份。这取决于例如沉积有源层时所采用的制造工艺。如果采用旋涂,则显示象素2与参考象素911的材料成份是相似的。如果采用喷墨印刷,则该材料应当适于印刷,而显示象素2与参考象素911所采用的材料不必相似。
可由显示控制器3响应于数据输入信号4经由接线8驱动显示象素2。
为了监测显示器或显示象素2的温度,采用温度传感器控制器91。温度传感器控制器91通过接线20与参考象素911连接,并通过接线10与显示控制器连接。可以理解温度传感器控制器91可以为显示控制器3或其他硬件的一个模块,而非一个单独单元。温度传感器控制器91可以用于向参考象素911施加偏压,以及测量或推导出参考象素911的与温度有关的性质或数值。
通过温度传感器控制器91确定显示器1或显示象素2的温度。温度传感器控制器91测量至少一个参考象素911或21的与温度有关的性质或数值。这种与温度有关的性质或数值可能涉及参考象素911的电学数据,例如电流-电压特性。通过向参考象素911施加偏压而获得这些特性。将偏置电流或电压施加给参考象素911,测量或推导出所产生的电压或电流。在图9所示的图中示意性表示出参考象素911的电流I一电压V特性。看出对于温度T1,获得的电流-电压特性曲线A与温度T2时观察到的特性曲线B不同,其中在此情形中T2>T1。通常,温度范围为0到80℃。图9中电压一般从-5伏到5伏。取决于例如参考象素911的电源线的差异,曲线的位置和形状可以发生改变。参考象素911不受显示控制器3的控制,因为其不是用于显示目的。实际上在温度测量状态下通过温度传感器控制器91偏置参考象素911是有利的。在温度测量状态下,参考象素911的偏置水平对于防止或至少基本防止参考象素911光足够低、且对于可靠测量或者推导出参考象素的与温度有关的性质或数值足够高,如图9中所示。温度传感器控制器91包括用于将测得或推导出的与温度有关的性质或数值转换成显示象素2的(工作)温度的单元。这种单元可以为查寻表,其中所获得的性质或数值与温度有联系。例如,通过温度传感器控制器91进行的、产生出如图9中所示的特性曲线A的对参考象素911的电导率的测量或推导,可以与温度T1相联系。可以已经针对干扰效应(诸如与参考象素911连接的接线20中的电损耗,或者所应用的材料导致的内建电势)校准查寻表中的数值。也可使用其他单元(例如分析函数)将测量或导出的参考像素911的与温度有关的数值与显示象素2的温度联系起来。
通过温度传感器控制器91获得的温度经由接线10传送给显示控制器3。
图8中所示的显示装置包括多个参考象素911。优选将这些参考象素911分布成可应付显示装置上的温度梯度。
此外,对于彩色显示器,对于所采用的颜色R、G或B中至少某些,可采用参考象素911。这样可增加温度测量的精度。温度传感器控制器91可能需要具有适当的查寻表,以将各个参考象素911数据转换成正确温度。
优选参考象素911不集成到有源显示区中。相反,优选在显示装置的区域1中遮蔽参考象素911以避免这些参考象素911暴露于周围或环境光下。通过遮蔽参考象素911可防止周围光所导致的光电流和退化,提高温度测量或推导的精度。
可通过温度传感器控制器91连续或者仅在特定或者周期性时间或时间间隔检测,测量或推导出参考象素911的温度。在特定时间检测而非连续测量,就显示装置的功耗而言是有利的。检测时间间隔可以取决于例如所采用的校正驱动机制。此外,如果选择LED的发光层使光效率在预定温度范围内不发生改变,则仅在必须确定“图像长时间残留”校正时才必须检测参考象素911
为了说明本发明,上面描述了显示装置和采用这种显示装置的电子装置的优选实施例。
应当注意,上述实施例说明而非限制本发明,本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求范围的条件下能设计出多种可能的实施方式。在权利要求中,置于括号中的任何附图标记不应理解为限制该权利要求。词语“包括”不排除存在除权利要求中列出以外的元件或步骤。元件前面的词语“一个”不排除存在多个这类元件。可利用包括几个截然不同的元件的硬件,或者利用适当编程的计算机来实施本发明。在列举出多个装置的装置权利要求中,可由硬件中同一零件实现这些装置中的一些。起码的事实在于,在互不相同的从属权利要求中述及的某些措施并不表明不能使用这些措施的组合来获得益处。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于显示包括多个显示象素(2)的图像的显示装置,该显示装置包括:用于监测显示象素(2)的工作条件的传感器(9;11;14);和控制器(3),其被耦合成从传感器(9;11;14)接收与该工作条件相关的数据,用于确定由该工作条件所引起的象素(2)的亮度改变,以便基于该亮度改变而产生用于驱动象素(2)的驱动信号(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中所述传感器(9;11;14)包括至少一个温度传感器(9),用于监测与象素(2)有关的温度数据;存在用于监测象素(2)的总电荷数据的监测装置(5),并且所述控制器(3)用于基于该总电荷数据和该温度数据产生所述驱动信号(8)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置,其中所述控制器用于从该温度数据推导出加速度因子,并基于总电荷数据与该加速度因子的乘积调节驱动信号(8)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置,其中所述温度传感器(9)包括至少一个参考象素和温度确定装置,该温度确定装置适合于基于该参考象素的至少一个与温度有关的性质确定温度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中所述传感器(9;11;14)包括至少一个参考象素(11);存在用于监测象素(2)的总电荷数据的监测装置(5),并存在另一个用于确定所述参考象素(11)的退化状态数据的监测装置(13),所述控制器(3)在考虑所述总电荷数据与所述退化状态数据的情况下产生所述驱动信号(8)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的显示装置,其中存在光电二极管以用于测量所述参考象素(11)的退化状态数据。
7.根据权利要求5所述的显示装置,其中象素(2)包括至少两个不同类型的子像素,且对于每种类型存在至少一个参考象素。
8.根据权利要求5所述的显示装置,其中所述控制器(3)用于向每个参考象素(11)提供与各类型的平均亮度水平相对应的驱动信号。
9.根据权利要求5所述的显示装置,其中所述控制器(3)对于至少一个子像素忽略总电荷数据与来自传感器(9;11;14)的数据中的至少之一。
10.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其中所述传感器(9;11;14)包括用于检测象素(2)的反向电流与反向电压之间的关系以便推导出象素(2)的退化状态数据的装置(14),并且所述控制器(3)用于在所述退化状态数据的情况下产生所述驱动信号(8)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的显示装置,其中在显示装置(1)开启时所述装置(14)用于导出所述退化状态数据。
12.一种产生用于驱动用以显示图像的有机电致发光显示装置的多个象素(2)的驱动信号(8)的方法,该装置包括用于监测象素(2)的工作条件的传感器(9;11;14);
所述方法包括以下步骤:
-从传感器(9;11;14)获得与工作条件有关的数据;
-确定由工作条件所引起的象素(2)的亮度改变;以及
-基于该亮度改变来产生驱动信号(8)。
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