TWI156177B - Light-emitting apparatus and display apparatus - Google Patents

Light-emitting apparatus and display apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI156177B
TWI156177B TW86110739A01A TWI156177B TW I156177 B TWI156177 B TW I156177B TW 86110739A01 A TW86110739A01 A TW 86110739A01A TW I156177 B TWI156177 B TW I156177B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
light
emitting
emitting element
phosphor
guide plate
Prior art date
Application number
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English (en)
Inventor
Yoshinori Shimizu
Kensho Sakano
Yasunobu Noguchi
Toshio Moriguchi
Original Assignee
Nichia Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/50Wavelength conversion elements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7766Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7767Chalcogenides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7766Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7774Aluminates
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0073Light emitting diode [LED]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
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    • H01J29/10Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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Description

1156177 A7 五、發明說明(1 ) 本申請案乃申請專利案號第861 10739號之追加申請 案。 發明領域: 本發明係有關於一種可用於LED顯示器、後照燈光源、 信號機、亮光式開關、告示牌、緊急燈及各種指示器之發 光裝置,尤有關於一種具備可變換發光元件所產生光之波 長而發光之光致發光螢光體的發光裝置,以及使用其之液 晶顯示裝置。 發明背景: 發光二極體由於小型,可發出效率良好的鮮色光,以 及屬半導體元件,故具有毋須擔憂燈泡燒壞之虞,初期驅 動特性暨耐震性優越,以及進一步反覆開/關點亮方面極 強之特點。囡此,可廣泛用來作爲各種指示器與種種光源。 且,最近有人開始分别開發超高亮度、高效率RGB(紅、 綠、藍)發光二極體,並使用設有此種發光二極體之大畫 面LED顯示器。此種LED顯示器具有以極少電力即可作 動,質量輕以及使用壽命長的優點,可預期今後將廣被使 用。 且最近有人使用發光二極體來進行種種構成白色發光 光源的嘗試。爲了使用發光二極體得到白色光,由於發光 二極體具有單色性峰値波長,故譬如有將R、G、B三發光 元件鄰近配置,使其發光而擴散混色的必要。惟,想要藉 此構成產生白色光情形下,會有由於發光元件之色調與亮 訂 a] 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 x 297公釐) 1156177 A7
五、發明說明(2 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 度等之分散而無法產生所需白色的問題。且,發光元件分 别以不同材料形成情形下,各發光元件之驅動電力等有針 對各個不同元件施加預定電壓的必要。復且,由於發光元 件爲半導體發光元件,故會有各個元件之溫度特性與經時 變化不同,色調隨環境而變化,以及無法將藉由各發光元 件所產生之光均一混合而產生色斑的諸多問題。亦即,發 光二極體作爲各個色發光之發光裝置固然有效,惟無法成 爲使用發光元件產生白色光的滿意光源。 因此,本案發明人於特開平5-152609號公報、特開平 7-99345號公報、特開平7-176794號公報、特開平8-8614號 公報等文獻中揭露一種發光二極體,將原先藉發光元件產 生的光以螢光體作色變換而輸出。所揭露之發光二極體係 用一種發光元件可發出白色系等其他發光色者,其構成如 下。 _線_ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 上述公報所揭露之發光二極體,具體而言,係將發光 層之能帶間隙大的發光元件配置在設於引線框前端之帽部 (cap)上,含有螢光體,於被覆發光元件之樹脂模構件中 吸收來自發光元件的光。發出與所吸收光波長相異之光(波 長變換)。 於上述所揭露之發光二極體中,使用可發出藍色柔光 之發光元件來作爲發光元件,由於藉含有螢光體之樹脂來 模製,且此螢光體吸收該發光元件所發之光而發出黄色系 光,故可製得一種能由混色發出白色系光之發光二極體。 惟,習知發光二極體有隨著螢光體劣化而色調偏差, 本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公餐)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 、本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 1156177 五、發明說明(3 ) 或螢光體發黑光之外部取出效率低下的情形等問題。此處 所謂發黑係指,譬如,使用(Cd,Zn)S螢光體等之無機系螢 光體情形下,構成此螢光體之金屬元素一部份,一面析出 一面變質而著色,再者,於使用有機系螢光體材料情形下, 由於2重結合切斷等而著色者。特别係指使用具有高能帶 間隙之半導體爲發光元件以提高螢光體變換效率情形(亦 即’藉半導體來提高所發光之能量,增加螢光體所可吸收 閾値以上之光,而吸收較多之光者。)下,或螢光體使用 量減少情形(亦即,相對地,螢光體所照射之能量增多) 下,由於螢光體所吸收的光的能量必然會昇高,故螢光體 顯然會劣化。且,發光元件之發光強度使用更長時間的話, 螢光體即會進一步加速劣化。 且有發光元件近傍所設螢光體,因發光元件之溫度上 昇與外部環境(例如由於在屋外使用場合的太陽光等)亦 暴·露於同溫’且因此熱而劣化的情形發生。 況’根據此螢光體尚有由於自外部滲入之水份,製造 時内部所含水分,上述之光與熱而促進劣化的情形。 若使用離子化之有機染料,亦有在晶片近傍由於直流 電場,故產生電泳而使色調變化的情形。 發明概i/K : 因此,本發明目的在於提供一種發光裝置以解決上述 課題,即使在較高亮度、長時間使用環境下,發光光度與 發光光率之降低與色偏差亦極少。
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1156177
發明說明( 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明人爲達成此目的’乃於具備發光元件與勞光體 之發生裝置中,考慮以下諸必要事實,銳意檢討結果,遂 完成本發明: (1) 所用發光元件可作高亮度發光,且針對長時間使其 發光特性安定; (2) 所用勞光體鄰近上述高亮度發光元件而設,即使長 時間使用在來自該發光元件的強光情形下,特性變化極 少,而在耐光性與耐熱性方面甚爲優異(特别是鄰近發光 元件而配置之螢光體,由於根據我等檢討,暴露於具有較 太陽光強達30倍-40倍的光,故作爲發光元件,若使用高 亮度者,在使用程度上,螢光體所要求的耐候性非常嚴 格), (3) 姑不論發光元件與螢光體之關係如何,螢光體可發 出一種光,其發光波長有效吸收且有效異於帶有來自發光 元件之光譜波幅之單色性峰波長的光。 亦即,本發明之發光装置 <將發光元件與源自光致發 光螢光體的螢光,經由設在具第一主面與第二主面之導光 板的第二主面上之反射構件而反射,並經由第一主面釋放 出者;其中,該發光元件係屬於半導體’且具備經由塗覆 部而光學連接於該導光板側面之發光層者;該光致發光螢 光體係具有吸收光波長相異波長者’該吸收光係指吸收源 自該發光元件之光與源自該發光元件之光的一部份者;尤 其是,該發光元件之發光層係由氮化系化合物半導體(結 構式11^\八1,>1,其中〇$,〇$,〇$1^+】+1^1)所構成,而 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) \n ------i 訂---------線! (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1156177 A7 五、發明說明( 該光致發光勞光體係含有由γ、Gd、La及Sm中至少選擇 一種元素與由A卜Ga及In中至少選擇一種元素,且以鈽致 活之石福石系氧化物。藉由上述結構可在平面上高效率獲 得來自反射構件之白色光。 另,藉由在導光板的第一主面上設有錯亂排置薄片, 可使由LED晶片所釋放出的光與由螢光體所釋放出的光具 良好混色性而均句釋放出。 線 本發明之發光裝置係由發光元件之發光光譜42〇nm〜 490nm單色性峰値,且塗覆部由樹脂所形成,而由導光板 的第一主面發出白色系光者,藉此將不致對屬發光元件的 LED晶片產生不良影響,而可形成塗覆部。再者,利用由 發光元件選擇特定單色性峰値波長並釋放出,可使配置在 LED晶片附近由穿透性樹脂形成的塗覆部,不致因光或熱 而遭受損傷。此外,若選擇激勵光之吸收光譜可與釋放出 特定發光波長的LED晶片一致,且可釋放出具有共同互補 關係之可視光的光致發光勞光體,可作爲效率良好且可發 出較佳彩色重現性之白色光的發光裝置。 此外,本發明所提供之發光裝置中所具備之顯示器功 能的反射構件,除具有所預設的設計形狀外,同時亦在導 光板之第二主面上具有光吸收層,藉此使由發光元件所釋 放出的光,經由導光板端面入射,然後在導光面内全反射 而進行導波。反射構件除表面外,配合全反射需求在導光 面内進行重複反射動作。進行光錯亂反射型態之反射構 件,僅將所欲顯示的形狀,將源自發光元件及光致發光勞 1156177 A7 五、發明說明( 光體的光進行反射。故,由各反射構件可釋放出更均勻且 更有效率的將光釋放出。除由反射構件進行錯亂反射光 外,因爲導光板進行全反射而不致被光吸收層所吸收,所 以可同時兼顧均句性及高亮度。此外,由導光板之發光觀 察面所射入的外來光線,將被光吸收層所吸收,可提昇所 欲顯示形狀之發光元件的發光對照比。 再者,本發明係一種採用在導光板之第一主面上排列 液晶裝置的液晶顯示裝置,所以,不必使用有利用水銀而 會污染環境的冷陰極管,亦不會產生隨變頻的雜訊,可達 小型化且低耗電力要求。同時,即便不採用RGB發光二極 體,亦可以較少的零件配件數組成比較簡單但仍具良好混 色性的液晶顯示裝置。換句話説,利用單一種類的發光元 件,便可形成可顯示複數多種顏色的液晶顯示裝置。 本發明之發光裝置,並非採用將來自發光元件的光在 導光板整個面上進行反射而進行視覺確認之方式,而是採 用配合發光觀察,對應顯示設計元件的顯示器反射於視覺 觀祭處。此乃因爲由發光元件所釋放出的光,在導光板内 重複進行反射比率增加,導致由發光二極體所釋放出的光 本身之混色性將提高,在導光板外部可獲得均勻的光。透 過设在導光板上的反射構件,僅有所預定的處所可取得 光,可大幅提昇光的利用效率。此外,利用在與導光板之 發光觀察面相對向的内側面上設置光吸收層可吸收來自具 設計元件用之反射構件的不需要光或外來光,而不致降低 視覺確認的有效光使用率。所以,可達提高對照比與提昇 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格 1156177 A7 B7 五、發明說明(7 ) 視覺確認性之功效。 圖式説明: 第1圖係有關本發明實施形態之引線型發光二極體型式 之剖視圖。 第2圖係有關本發明實施形態之晶片型發光二極體型 式之剖視圖。 第3A圖係一圖表,圖示以第一實施形態之鈽致活之紅 色系螢光體所激勵之光譜。 第3B圖係一圖表,圖示以第一實施形態之鈽致活之紅 色系螢光體所發出之光譜。 第4圖係一圖表,圖示第1實施形態之發光二極體之發 光光譜。 第5 A圖係一圖表,圖示以第二實施形態之鈽致活之鋁 石福石系(Yttrium Aluminium Garnet)螢光體之激勵光譜。 第5B圖係一圖表,圖示以第二實施形態之鈽致活之鋁 石榴石系螢光體之發光光譜。 第6圖係用於説明第二實施形態之發光二極體發光色之 色度圖,圖中,A與B點表示發光元件所發出之光,c、D 點分别表示來自二種光致發光發光體之發光色。 第7圖係有關本發明其他實施形態之面狀發光裝置之剖 視圖。 第8圖係異於第7圖之面狀發光裝置之剖視圖。 第9圖係異於第7與8圖之面狀發光裝置之剖視圖。 第10圖係本案發明應用例之顯示裝置之方塊圖。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
A (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I Αν--------訂---------線— 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 ___ - -_ B7 五、發明說明(8 ) 第11圖係第10圖所示顯示裝置之led顯示器之平面 圖。 第12圖係使用本案發明之發光二極體與RGB的四個發 光二極體來構成畫素的LED顯示器平面圖。 第13圖係表示實施例1與比較例1之發光二極體之壽命 試驗結果圖表,其中(A)係25 eC下的結果,而(B)係601!, 90%RH下的結果。 第14圖係表示實施例9與比較例2之耐候性試驗結果圖 表,其中(A)表示相對於經過時間之亮度保持率,而(B)則 表示試驗前後的色調變化。 第15圖係一圖表,表示實施例9與比較例2之發光二極 體之可靠性試驗結果,其中(A)表示亮度保持率與時間之 關係,而(B)則表示色調與時間之關係。 第16圖係一色度圖,圖示可由一將表1所示螢光體與峰 値波長465nm之藍色LED組合的發光二極體實現的色再現 範圍。 第17圖係一色度圖,圖示一將表1所示勞光體與峰値波 長46 5nm之藍色LED組合的發光二極體中螢光體含有量變 化時之發光色之變化。 第18A圖係以(Y〇.6Gd〇.4)3Al5〇12:Ce來顯示的實施例2 光致發光螢光體之光譜。 第18B圖圖示具有發光峰値波長460nm之實施例2發光 元件之發光光譜。 第18C圖圖示實施例2之發光二極體之發光光譜。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I Aw--------^---------^ I. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 11- 1156177 A7 _— B7 五、發明說明(9 ) 第19A圖圖示以(YojGdo.shAlsOuzCe來表示的實施 例5光致發光螢光體之發光光譜。 第19B圖圖示具有發光峰値波長450nm之實施例5發光 元件之發光光譜。 第19C圖圖示實施例5發光二極體之發光光譜。 第20A圖圖示以YsAlsOniCe來表示之實施例6光致發 光螢光體之發光光譜。 第20B圖圖示具有發光峰値450nm之實施例6發光元件 之發光光譜。 第20C圖圖示實施例6發光二極體之發光光譜。 第21A圖圖示以YWAlojGao.shOu.Xe來表示之實施 例7光致發光螢光體之發光光譜。 第21B圖圖示具有發光峰値波長450nm之實施例7發光 元件之發光光譜。 第21C圖圖示實施例7發光二極體之發光光譜。 第22八圖圖示以(丫0.8〇(10.2)3八15〇12:〇6來表示之實施 例11光致發光勞光體之發光光譜。 第22B圖圖示以(Y〇.4Gd〇.6)3Al5〇12:Ce來表示之實施 例11光致發光螢光體之發光光譜。 第22C圖圖示具有發光峰値波長470nm之實施例發光元 件之發光光譜。 第23圖圖示實施例11發光二極體之發光光譜。 第24圖圖示本發明面狀發光裝置之車輛用計量表之正 面示意圖。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .·____ 訂---------線丨. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(10 ) 第25圖圖示第24圖X-X線剖面示意圖。 第26圖圖示本發明面狀發光裝置之車輛用計量表之正 面示意圖。 第27圖圖示第26圖X-X線剖面示意圖。 圖號對照説明:
100 發光二極體 101,201,701 塗覆 102,2302,702 發光元件 103,203 電線 104 模構件 105 安裝引線 105a 帽部 106 内引線 205 端子金屬 504 框體 505 蔽光構件 506 矽膠 601 LED顯示器 602 驅動器 603 RAM 604 色調控制裝置 605 驅動電路 702 發光二極體 703 金屬基板 704 導光板 705,707 反射構件 706 散射片 2634 凹凸加工 2624 金屬層 2608 半透明膜 2605 樹脂框體 2601 LED晶片 2602 光吸收層 2603 導光板 2609 正下方型LED 1明之聂佳實施形餞: 以下參考圖式説明本發明之實施形態。 本,.氏張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -13- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
1156177 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(ll ) 第1圖之發光二極體100係具備有安裝引線105與内引線 106之引線型發光二極體,發光元件1〇2設在安裝引線1〇5 之帽部105a上,含有既定光致發光螢光體之塗覆樹脂1〇i 充填在帽部105a内而覆蓋發光元件102後予以樹脂模製成 形而構成者。發光元件102之η側電極與p側電極分别使用 電線103來將安裝引線105與内引線106連接。 在如以上所構成之發光二極體中,發光元件(LED晶 片)102所發光之一部份激勵塗覆樹脂1〇1内所含光致發光 螢光體而產生與LED光波長相異之光,將光致發光螢光體 所產生的螢光與無助於光致發光螢光體激勵而發出的LED 光混色而發光。結果,發光二極體100亦發出與發光元件102 所發出之LED光波長相異的光。 且第2圖所示者係晶片型發光二極體,發光元件(LED 晶片)202設在框體204之凹部,含既定光致發光螢光體之 塗覆材料充填於該凹部以形成塗覆部201而構成者。發光 元件202使用含有諸如Ag之環氧樹脂等來固定,而該發光 元件202之η側電極與p側電極則分别使用導電電線203連接 於設在框體204上之端子金屬205。於如以上所構成之晶片 型發光二極體中,與第1圖之引線型發光二極體相同,將 光致發光螢光體所產生的螢光與不爲光致發光螢光體所吸 收的經傳送的LED光混色而發出。結果,發光二極體亦發 出與發光元件102所發出LED光波長不同的光。 具備上所説明光致發光螢光體之發光二極體具有以下 特徵。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ΠΊ ^--------^--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -14- A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 ————--------- _ _ - _ B7 ______________ 五、發明說明(12 ) 1·通常,自發光元件(LED)放出之光經由供電給發光元 件之電極放出。所放出之光成爲發光元件所形成的陰電 極’具有特定的發光型式,因此不會均一地在所有方向放 出。惟,具備螢光體之發光二極體由於藉螢光體散射來自 發光元件的光而放出光,故不會形成非所欲的光型式,而 可在廣大的範圍均一地放出光。 2·來自發光元件(LED)的光固具有單色性的峰値,惟由 於某種程度的光譜寬幅,故光效性極度。而這在使用較廣 範園的波長來作爲必要光源情形下尤爲不可或缺的優點。 譬如在使用掃描器的光源的場合,最好使用光譜寬幅。 以下所説明實施形態1、2之發光二極體特徵係在具有 第1或2圖所示構造之發光二極體中,將一使用可見光帶内 光能量較高的氮化物系化合物半導體的發光元件與一特定 的光致發光螢光體組合。因此,具有可作高亮度發光,在 長時間使用下無發光效率低下與色斑情形發生的良好特 性。 一般而言,於螢光體中,由於吸收短波長的光而放出 長波長的光的螢光體較吸收長波長的光而放出短波長的光 的螢光體,在變換效率上更優異,故於本發明之發光二極 體中,最好使用可發出短波長藍色系光的氮化釓系半導體 發光元件(發光元件)。且,無庸贅言,使用高亮度的發光 元件較佳。 適合用來與此種氮化釓系半導體發光元件組合之光致 發光螢光體需有以下特性: 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) I— I --------^---------^ I —«^^1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1156177 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(13 ) 1·設在發光元件102、202鄰近,而由於暴露在達太陽 光的30倍至40倍強的光線下,故在耐光性上極佳,而可久 耐高強度光照射者。 2·爲了藉發光元件102、202激勵,發光元件之發光能 作有效發光者。尤其是,運用混色情形下,不作紫外線而 作藍色系光有效發光者。 3 ·可發出綠色系至紅色系的光而與藍色色系混色成白 色者。 4·設在發光元件102、202鄰近,而由於會受使該晶片 發光之際的發熱所造成溫度變化的影響,故在溫度特性上 良好者。 5 ·可藉由色調組合比或複數螢光體混合化的變化而作 連續的變化者。 6·發光二極體有對應於使用環境之耐候性。 實施形態1 與本案發明有關之實施形態1發光二極體係具有高能帶 間隙於發光層,而將可發出藍色系光的氮化釓化合物半導 體元件與本身爲可發出黄色系光之螢光體而以鈽致活之石 榴石系光致發光螢光體組合者。因此,於此實施形態1之 發光二極體,藉由將發光元件102、202所發出之藍色系光 與被此發光激勵的光致發光螢光體的黄色系光之共同混色 光’由導光板的端面引進後,再由主面進行白色系發光之 方式’而構成一種面狀發光裝置。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21Q χ 297公爱) — — — — — — — — 1 —昼 —I - 11111111 .11^ 1111111· ^^ i — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -16- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 - B7 五、發明說明(l4 ) 且,由於用於此實施形態1發光二極體的以鈽致活的石 榴石系光致發光螢光體具有耐光性與耐候性,故即使長時 間將發自發光元件102、202的可見光帶中的高能光高亮度 照射於其近傍情況下,亦可發出發光色之色斑與發光亮度 低下極少的白色光之面狀發光裝置。 以下詳述本實施形態1發光二極體之各構成構件。 (光致發光螢光體) 本實施形態1發光二極體所用光致發光勞光體係一種以 發自半導體發光層的可見光與紫外線來激勵而發出具有與 經激勵之光波長相異的光致發光螢光體。具體而言,以含 有自Y、Lu、Sc、La、Gd與Sm中所選出之至少一元素與 自Al、Ga與In中所選出之至少一元素而以鈽來致活的石榴 石系螢光體來作光致發光螢光體。本發明最好使用含r與A1 而以鈽致活之鋁石榴石系螢光體,或一般式以(Rei-rSmr)3(Ali-sGas)5012 ·· Ce (惟,0^r<l,O^sgl,而 Re係自Y、Gd中所選之至少一種)。使用氮化釓化合物半 導體之發光元件所發出的LED光與本身是黄色的光致發光 螢光體所發出之螢光成補色關係情形下,藉由將LED光與 螢光混色而發出,即可整體發出白色系光。 於本實施形態1中,此光致發光螢光體如上所述,由 於混合塗覆樹脂101與形成塗覆部之樹脂(容後詳述)來 使用,故藉由對應於氮化石榴石系發光元件之發光波長, 對與樹脂混合的比率,乃至於填入帽部或框體204之凹部 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) — — — — — — — — — ·1111111 « — — — — — — I— I — — —— —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — I. (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -17- 1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 λ/ of ----- A7 _ 1 B7 五、發明說明(15 ) 之充塡量作種種調整,即可任意將發光二極體之色調設定 爲含白色之電燈色。 所含光致發光螢光體之分布亦對混色性與耐久性有 所影響。譬如,自含有光致發光螢光體之塗覆部與模構件 之表面側朝向發光元件提高光致發光螢光體之分布濃度, 即較不容易受到來自外部水份等的影響,而可防止水份所 造成的劣化。另一方面,若使光致發光螢光體自發光元件 朝模構件等表面兩側之分布濃度提高,即可使來自易受外 部環境水份影響的發光元件的發熱、照射強度等的影響變 得較少,從而可抑制光致發光螢光體之劣化。如此,光致 發光螢光體之分布即可藉由調整含有光致發光螢光體之構 件、形成溫度、黏度與光致發光螢光體之形狀、粒度分布 等來實現種種分布,並考慮發光二極體之使用條件來設定 分布狀態。 實施例1之光致發光螢光體由於與發光元件丨02、202 相接,或作近接配置,即使在照射強度(Ee)爲3W · cm-2以 上10W · cm-2以下之中,亦具有充份的耐光性,故藉由使 用該螢光體,可構發光特性優異的面狀發光裝置。 且,實施形態1之光致發光螢光體由於具有石榴石構 1,故熱、光及水份強,即可如第3A圖所示,使激勵光 譜之峰値接近45 Onm。且發光峰値亦如第3圖所示,具有 接近580nm至700nm展幅極寬的發光光譜。且,實施形態1 之光致發光勞光體由於在結晶中含有Gd ’故可在460nm以 上的長波長帶中提高J數勵發光效率。藉由Gd含量增加, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 χ 297公釐) — — — — — — « — — — — — — I— I I H 111 ϋ ϋ 11 ϋ ϋ 111 ϋ — — — — — — — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) * 18 - 1156177 A7 B7 五、發明說明(16 ) 發光峰値移往長波長,而全體發光波長亦移往長波長側, 亦即,免羞下,可藉甴來 達成。隨! if加Gd,藍色光所發出之光傾 向0 尤其是,藉由在具有石榴石構成之YAG系螢光體之 組成内,以Ga來置換A1的一部份,發光波長即往短波長 侧移動,或藉由以Gd來置換組成中Y的一部份,發光波長 即往長波長侧移動。 表 1 圖示一般式 ^(Yi,aGda)3(Ali,bGab)5Ql2 來 表示的YAG系螢光體之組成及其發光特性。 表1
No. Gd含量 a(莫耳比) Ga含量 b(莫耳比) cmt/j tt標 亮度 Y 效率 X Y ① 0.0 0.0 0.41 0.56 100 100 ② 0.0 0.4 0.32 0.56 61 63 ③ 0.0 0.5 0.29 0.54 55 67 ④ 0.2 0.0 0.45 0.53 102 108 ⑤ 0.4 0.0 0.47 0.52 102 113 ⑥ 0.6 0.0 0.49 0.51 97 113 ⑦ 0.8 0.0 0.50 0.50 72 86 表1所示之各特性係以460nm之藍色光來激勵而測 定。且,於表1中,亮度與效率係以①之材料爲100來表示 本紙張尺度適用1P國國豕標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
· ·1 H ϋ ϋ ϋ I ϋ tlalf * ϋ ϋ n I ϋ ϋ I I I I ϋ I I I ϋ I I n I ϋ I n ϋ I ϋ n ϋ ϋ — II •19- 1156177 A7 B7 五、發明說明(17 ) 其相對値。 藉Ga來置換A1情況下,最好考慮發光效率與發光波 長將比率設定於Ga:A1 = 1:1至4:6之間。同樣地,以Gd置 換Y的一部份情況下,宜把比率設定於Y:Gd=9:l〜1:9範 圍,設定於4:1〜2:3範圍則更好。Gd置換量的比率若不滿 ,綠色成份即由於紅色成份減少而度大,Gd置換量的比 率若在6以上,紅色成分即會增加,而亮__度則急遽低下。 特别是,藉由依據發光元件之發光波長,將YGG系螢光體 中Y與Gd的比率設定於Y:Gd=4:l〜2:3範圍,即可使用一 種鋁石榴石系螢光體,構成一種可大致沿黑體放射軌跡發 生白色光的發光二極體,且,若將YAG系螢光體中之Y與 Gd比率設定在Y:Gd=2:3〜1:4範圍,即可構成一種可發出 低亮度電燈色之發光二極體。復且,藉由將Ce含量(置換 量)設定於0.003〜0.2範圍,可使發光二極體之相對發光 光度在70%以上。含量未滿〇·〇〇3的話,即以Ce來減少光 致發光之激勳發光中心數,藉此減低光度,相反地,若大 於2,則發生濃度熄光。 如上所述,藉由以Ga來置換組成中A1之一部份, 可使發光波長往短波長移動,而藉由以Gd來置換組成中γ 之一部份,則可使發光波長往長波長移動。藉由以此方式 變化其組成,即可連續調節發光色。且,波長爲254nm與 365nm的話,藉幾乎不會激勵的450nm附近的藍色系發光 元件之LED光來提高激勵效率。峰値波長進一步具備有用 來將氮化物半導體發光元件連續變換<^組_成__比之藍色^系 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 • · n ϋ ϋ I 一 δτ · ϋ ϋ ϋ «^1 ϋ ϋ ί I I ϋ ϋ ί I ϋ I ϋ n ϋ ϋ ί ϋ ί I I ϋ ·ϋ ϋ ί ϋ I I < -20- 1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(18) 發光度換成白色系發光的理想條件。 且,實施形態1藉由組合使用氮化釓系半體之發光 元件,以及以鈽致活而在鋁石_禮^_皇_^^ (YAG)中含希 土類元素之釤(Sm)之光致發光螢光體,即可進一步提高發 光·一極體之發光效率。 此種光致發光螢光體可使用氧化物或高溫下易氧化 物作成之化合物來作爲γ、Gd、Ce、Sm、A1及Ga之原料, 以預定之化學計量比將其充份地混合而製成混合原料,將 作爲助熔劑之氟化銨等氟化物適量混合於製成之混合原料 中而裝入坩堝中,在空氣中1350〜1450¾溫度範圍内歷2 〜5小時燒成而製得烘焙品,其次於水中球磨烘焙品,洗 淨、分離、乾燥,最後放入篩子來製得。 於上述製作方法中,混合原料亦最好藉由混合共沉 氧化物、氧化銨與氧化釓來製造,此共沉氧化物係將一以 草酸共同沉澱一溶解液之共沉物烘焙者,而此溶解液係依 化學計量比將Y、Gd、Ce、Sm希土類元素溶解於酸者。 一般式可用(Yl-p-q-rGdpCeqSmr)3Al5〇i2來表示的 光致發光螢光體可藉由於結晶中含有Gd,提高尤其是 460nm以上長波長帶之激勵發光效率。且藉由增加釓含 量,可使發光峰値波長往530nm至570nm長波長移動,且 所有發光波長亦可往長波長側移動。需要強紅發光情形 下,可藉增加Gd置換量來達成。隨著Gd增加,藍色光所 發射之光致發光亮度徐徐降低。惟’ p宜在0.8以下,〇 7以 下較佳,而更好的是0.6以上。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I ·1111111 ^ ·11111111 I ·
-21- 1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(19 ) 且’一般式以(Y卜p-q-rGdpCeqSmr)3Al5〇l2來表示 的含有Sm的光致發光螢光體,即使增加Gd含量,亦使其 少有溫度特性降低情形發生。亦即,藉由含有Sm而大幅 改善高溫下光致發光螢光體發生亮度的劣化。其改善程度 隨Gd含量增加而變大。尤其是,Gd含量增加以使光致發 光之發光色調具有紅色而組成之螢光體由於溫度特性劣 化,故使其含有Sm以有效改善溫度特性。且,此處所謂 之溫度特性係相對於450nm藍色光在常溫(25eC )下所激 勵之發光亮度的同螢光體在高溫( 200eC)下的發光亮度 相對値(% )。
Sm含量r在0·0003$γ^0·08範園最好,藉此,可使溫 度特性達60%以上。若較此範圍小,溫度特色的改善效果 會變小。且,若較此範圍r大,則相反地,溫度特性會降 低。然而,Sm之含量在0.0007$ι:^0·02範園更佳,藉此可 使溫度特性達80%以上。
Ce含量q最好在0.003^q刍0.2範圍,藉此可使相對發 光亮度達70%以上。此處所謂的相對發光亮度係指在以q =〇·〇3螢光體之發光亮度爲100%情形下的發光亮度。
Ce含量在0.003以下的話,即會爲了減少光致發光藉 Ce激勵之發光中心數,而降低亮度,相反地,較0·2大的 話,即會發生濃度熄光。此處所謂濃度熄光係指爲了提高 螢光體之亮度,一旦增加致活劑之濃度,若係在某一最適 値以上的濃度,即降低發光強度者。 於本案發明之發光二極體中,亦最好混合Al:Ga、Y、 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 _ B7 五、發明說明(20 )
Gd與Sm含量相異之二種以上之(Yl p_q-rGdpCeqSmr)3Al5〇12*致發光螢光體來使用。藉此固可 增加螢光發光中RGB之波長成份,惟,亦可譬如藉由使用 彩色濾光器來作爲全色面狀發光裝置用。 (發光元件102、102 ) 發光元件如第1與第2圖所示最好埋設於模構件中。 本案發明之發光二極體所用之發光元件係使以鈽致活之石 榴石系螢光體可極有效激勵之氮化釓系化合物半導體。使 用氮化釓系化合物半導體之發光元件1 〇2、202係以MOCVD 法等將InGaN等之氮化釓系半導體形成於基板上以形成發 光層而製成者。茲列舉具有MIS接合、pin接合與pn接合等 之同質構造、異質構造或雙異質構造來作發光元件之構 造。可根據半導體層之材料及其混晶度來對發光波長作種 種的選擇。且可作成足以使半導體活性層產生量子效果的 薄薄的單一量子井構造與多重量子井構造。尤其是,於本 案發明中,藉由使發光元件之活性層成爲In的GaN之單一 量子井構造,即可使光致發光螢光體不致於劣化,而能作 爲發光較亮度之發光二極體來使用。 在使用氮化釓系化合物半導體情形下,半導體用基 板的材料固可使用如藍寶石、尖晶石、Sic、Si、ZnO等, 但最好使用藍寶石基板,俾形成結晶性良好的氮化釓。經 由GaN、A1N等之緩衝層將pn接合形成於此藍寶石基板 上,而以此方式形成氮化釓半導體層。氮化釓系半導體固 I I I I I --------^-------I I i^w— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
五、發明說明(21 ) 在不摻雜雜質狀態下呈N型導電性,惟,爲了形成具有所 欲提高發光效率之特性(載體濃度等)型氮化釓半導 體,最好以Si、Ge、Se、Te、C等作爲N型摻雜劑來進行 適宜的摻雜。在形成P型氮化釓半導體情況下,則摻雜Nn、 Mg、Be、Ca、Sr、Ba等。P型摻雜劑。且氮化釓系化合物 半導體由於僅捧雜P型捧雜劑難以p型化,故最好在導入p 型摻雜劑後,以爐加熱,藉低速電子射線照射與等離子照 射來進行P型化。藉由蝕刻使p型與n型氮化釓半導體表面 露出後,使用喷濺法與眞空蒸發法在各半導體層上形成所 欲形狀之各個電極。 其次,使用藉由切塊直接全斷的方法,切入亦比刃 端還寬的溝中之後,即藉外力切割半導體晶圓之方法,或 藉由前端的绩石針往復直線運動以劃線,而在半導體晶圓 上譬如拉出圍棋盤目狀的極細劃線(經線)之後,藉外力 將晶圓切割之方法等,將以上所形成之半導體晶圓等切割 成晶片狀。如此,即可形成由氮化釓系化合物半導體所製 成的發光元件。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 於本實施形態1之發光二極體發出的白色系光情形 下,宜考慮與光致發光螢光體的補色關係以及樹脂的劣化 等而將發光元件之發光波長設定在4〇ρη讲以上、530nm以 下,設定在,20nm以上49011¾¾下則較佳。爲了分别提高 發光元件與光致發光螢光體之效率,更好的是設定在 450nm以上475nm以下。實施形態1白色系發光二極體之一 發光光譜例子圖示於第4圖中。此例示之發光二極體係第! 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) 1156177 A7 _______ B7 五、發明說明(22 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 圖所示之引線型,亦爲後述使用實施例1之發光元件與光 致發光螢光體者。於第4圖中,具有450nm附近岭値的發 光係來自發光元件之發光,而具有570nm附近峰値之發光 則係發光元件所激勵光致發光發出的光。 且弟16圖圖示以第1圖所示勞光與峰値4 65nm藍色 LED (發光元件)組合成的白色系發光二極體可實現的色 再現範圍。此白色系發光二極體之發光色由於位於藍色 LED起源的色度點與螢光體起源的色度點結合的直線上的 各個點,故藉由使用表1中①〜⑦的螢光體,可全面涵蓋 色度圖中生部範圍極廣的白色領域(第16圖中加上斜線之 部份)。第Π圖所示者係於白色系發光二極體中螢光體含 量變化時發光色變化的情形。於此處螢光體含量係以相對 於使用在塗覆部的樹脂的重量百分比來表示。由第17圖可 知,螢光體的量若增加即趨近螢光體的發光色,減少的話 則趨近藍色LED。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 且,本案發明加設可產生激勵螢光體的光的發光元 件,亦可一併使用不激勵螢光體之發光元件。具體而言, 加設可激勵螢光體之氮化物系化合物半導體,而一併配置 有實質上不激勵螢光體,發光層爲鎵化磷、鎵化砷、鋁、 鎵化砷嶙與銦化銘等之發光元件。如此,來自不激勵勞光 體的發光元件的光就不會被螢光體吸而放出外部。而藉此 則可作爲發出紅白光的發光二極體。 以下説明第1圖與第2圖之發光二極體之其他構成要 素0 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -25- 1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 -------g7 —___ 五、發明說明(23 ) (導電性電線103、203 ) 作爲導電性電線103、203,需在電阻性、機械連接 性、電氣傳導性與導熱性上極佳。導熱性宜爲〇〇1卡 /(秒)(Cm2)CC/cm)以上,較佳者爲 〇 5卡 /(秒)(cm2)(ec/cm)。 且考慮到作業性的話,•最好電線的直徑在1〇微米以上45微 米以下。尤其是,即使使用同一材料於含有螢光體之塗覆 部與模構件,由於螢光體進入任何一方所引起的熱膨脹係 數不同’故導電性電線容易於其界面斷線。因此,導電性 電線的直徑爲25微米以上最好,而自發先面積與處理容易 度觀點則3 5微米以下最好。作爲導電性電線的材質計有 金、銅、白金、鋁等金屬與其合金。由於使用此種材質、 形狀所製成的導電性電線,故藉電線黏接裝置,即可易於 與各發光元件之電極、内引線與安裝引線連接。 (安裝引線) 安裝引線105係由帽部105a與引線部l〇5b組成,帽部 105a上以裝片裝置載置發光之1〇2之部份宜足夠大。且於 將複數發光元件設於帽部内而以安裝引線來作爲發光元件 之共通電極場合,由於有使用相異電極材料情形,故必須 分别有充份的導電性以及焊線等的連接性。且,在將發光 元件配置於安裝引線上的帽部内同時將螢光體充塡於螢光 體内部情形下,即使來自螢光體的光係其本身所放出,由 於由帽部朝所欲方向反射,故可防止來自近接配置的其他 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ^---------^ — ----------------------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1156177 A7B7 五、發明說明(24 ) 發光二極體的光所造成的擬似點燈情形。所謂擬似點燈係 指即使未供電給近接配置的其他發光二極體亦可看到有發 光的現象。 發光元件102與安裝引線1〇5之帽部i〇5a之接合可用 環氧樹脂、壓克力樹脂與仿樹脂等之熱硬化性樹脂。且, 使用背面發光元件(係自基板側發光取出,使發光電極與 帽部105相對向而安裝者)情形下,爲了在使該發光元件 與安裝引線連接同時導電,可使用Ag塗漿、碳塗漿與金 屬沖擊等。甚而,爲了提高發光二極體之光利用效率,最 好發光元件亦使所配置之安裝引線之帽部表面成鏡面狀而 具有表面反射功能。此情形之表面糙度最好爲〇15以上〇85 以下。且,安裝引線之具體電阻宜爲3〇〇un •厘米以下, 較佳者爲3αΩ ·厘米以下。且安裝引線上疊置有複數發 光元件情形下熱導度必需良好,此熱導度宜爲〇〇1卡 /(秒)(cm2)( c/cm) ’ 較佳者爲 〇·5 卡 /(秒)(cm2)(eC/cm)以上。 滿足此等條件之材料計有鐵、銅、掺鐵之銅、摻錫之銅、 金屬化型式之陶等。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (内引線106 ) 内引線106係以導電性電線連接於安裝引線105上所 配置的發光元件102-方的電極。發光二極體在安裝引線上 設有複數發光元件情形下,須設有複數内引線106,並配 有各導電性電線彼此不接觸的各内引線。譬如,因爲自安 裝引’線離開’故藉由各内引線的各電線接合端兩面積依次 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 -------------- 五、發明說明(25) 加大’可隔開式接合導電性電線間之間隔以防止導電性電 線間之接觸。内引線與導電性電線連接的端面糙度考慮到 密接性最好設定在65以上1〇5以下。 内引線可依所欲作成之形狀以使用型框的鑽孔加工 等來形成。内引線鑽孔加工形成後,亦最好進一步藉由自 端面方向加壓,調整所欲端面之面積與端面高度。 且’内引線與導電性電線,即連接電線等之間必須 有良好的連接性與導電性。具體的電阻宜爲300 u Ω •厘 米以下,較佳者爲3 u Ω ·厘米以下。滿足此等條件之材 料計有鐵、銅、掺鐵之銅、摻錫之銅以及鍍有銅、金、銀 之鋁、鐵、銅等。 (塗覆部101 ) 塗覆部101係與模構件104分開而設在安裝引線之帽 部者,就本實例之形態1而言,係含有用來變換發光元件 之發光之光致發光螢光體者。作爲塗覆部之具體材料適用 者有環氧樹脂、尿素樹脂、硅酮等耐候性優異的透明樹脂 與玻璃。且與光致發光螢光體一起含有擴散劑亦較佳。最 妤使用鈦氧鋇、氧化鈦、氧化鋁、氧化硅等。甚而以喷濺 形成螢光體情形下,亦可省略塗覆部。於此情形,可一面 調整膜厚,一面設開口部與螢光體層而形成能混色顯示之 發光二極體。 (模構件104) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
1156177 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(26) 模構件104具有自發光元件102、導電電線103與含有 光致發光螢光體之塗覆部101等之外部予以保護的功能。 本實施形態1最好進一步含有擴散劑於模構件部104,藉此 可緩和來自發光元件102之指向性並增加視野角。且模構 件104於發光二極體中,具有一面將來自發光元件之發光 聚焦一面擴散的透鏡功能。因此,模構件104通常爲凸透 鏡狀、進一步爲凹透鏡狀,在形狀上作成自發光觀面觀之 爲橢圓形狀與其形狀之複數組合。且模構件1〇4亦最好在 構造上將各個相異的材料作爲複數疊層。作爲模構件104 主要的具體材料適用者有環氧樹脂、尿素樹脂、硅酮樹脂 等耐候性優異的透明樹脂與玻璃。且可使用鈦氧鋇、氧化 鈦、氧化娃等來作爲擴散劑。本案發明亦最好進一步含有 加有擴散劑而放入模構件中的光致發光螢光體。亦即,本 案發明亦最好含有光致發光螢光體於塗覆部中,以及於模 構件中。藉由含有光致發光螢光體於模構件中,可進一步 增大視野角。且,亦最好含此於塗覆部分模構件二者中。 復且,使用含有光致發光螢光體之樹脂來作成塗覆部,使 用與塗覆部不同材料之玻璃來形成模構件亦較佳,藉由如 此構成,即可製造鮮會受到水份等的影響而在生產性上極 佳的發光二極體。且,根據其用途,爲了使折射率一致, 亦最好使用相同構件來形成模構件與塗覆部。於本案發明 中,藉由模構件中含有擴散劑與著色劑,可使自發光觀測 面可看得到的螢光體著色隱而不見,同時可提高混色性。 亦即,螢光體於強外光中吸收藍色成份可發出光,看起來 本紙張尺度· τ關家標準(CNS)A4規格⑽ X 297 公《7 --------^---------線! (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ---------------- -29- A7 1156177 B7 _ 五、發明說明(27) 就像是著上黄色。惟,於模構件中所含之擴散劑使模構件 成乳白色,而著色劑則進行所欲顏色之著色。因此,自發 光觀側面觀測不到螢光體的顏色。且,發光元件之主發光 波長在430nm以上的話,最好含有作爲光安定劑的紫外線 吸收劑。 發明之實施2 與本發明有關之實施形態2之發光二極體使用具備有 氮化鎵系半導體之元件來作爲發光元件,此氮化鎵系化半 導體具有高能帶間隙,並使用含有相互組成不同的二種以 上不同的光致發光螢光體,最好是以鈽致活的釔、鋁系螢 光體的螢光體來作爲光致發光螢光體。藉此,實施形態2 之發光二極體係即使在由發光元件所發LED之發光波長非 依製造色散所得之所欲値,亦可藉由調整二種以上的螢光 體含量來製得有所欲色調之發光二極體者。於此情形下, 相對於發光波長較短的發光元件,使用發光波長較短的螢 光體’藉由使用發光波長較長的螢光體於發光波長較長的 發光元件,可使發自發光二極體之發光色恆定。 就有關於勞光體而言,可使用一般式以(Re rSmOWAlbsGaskOu : Ce來表示而以鈽致活的螢光體來 作爲光致發光勞光體。惟,〇<r^l,〇^s$l,而Re則係 自Y、Gd與La所選出的至少一種。由於藉此在發自發光元 件之可見光帶中,即使爲具有高能量的光長時間作高亮度 的照射以及在種種外部環境下使用,螢光體亦極少變黄, 本紙張尺度週用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 χ 297公楚) 1111-----------訂---------線--^wi (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
Μ //L -30- 1156177 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(28) 故所構成之發光二極體極少發生發光色色斑與發光亮度降 低的情形,且具有所欲高亮度的發光成份。 (實施形態2之光致發光螢光體) 茲詳細説明實施形態2之發光二極體所使用之光致發 光螢光體。 於實施形態2中,如上所述,光致發光螢光體除使用 組成不同的二種以上的由歸致活的光致發光螢光體外,亦 以相同於實施形態1之方式來構成,且在螢光體的使用方 法與實施形態1相同。 且,與實施形態1相同地,由於可對光致發光螢光體 之分布作種種的變化(按照自發光元件離開情形加上濃度 梯度),故可藉此使發光二極體具有耐候性極強的特性)。 此種分布可藉由調整含光致發光螢光體之構件、形成溫 度、粘變與光致發光螢光體之形狀、粒度分布等來作種種 的調整。惟,實施形態2對應於使用條件,設定螢光體的 分布濃度。且貫施形態2可藉由對座於各個發光元件所發 出之光進行二種以上螢光體的配置(譬如依序自接近發光 元件處予以配置)來提高發光效率。 如以上所構成之實施形態2發生二極體可與實施形態 1一樣,構成一種即使在與照度強度爲(Ee)==3W*cm-2以上 10W*cnr2以下的高輸出發生元件,連接或近接配置情形 下,亦具有高效率且耐光性充份的發光二極體。
實施形態2所用以鈽致活之鋁石榴石系螢光體(YAG 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) --------t---------^ — ----------------------- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 五、發明說明(29) 系螢光體),與實施形態1 一樣,由於具有石榴石構成, 故熱、光與水份上極強。且實施形態2之此一鋁深紅色系 螢光體,可如第5A圖之實線所示,將激勵光譜之锋値設 定於450nm附近,並可如第5B圖之實線所示,將發光光譜 之峰値設定於5 1 Onm附近,如此即可在頻寬上將發光光譜 幅展至Q 。藉此即可發出綠色系光。且,實施形態2 之另一以鈽致活的鋁石榴石系螢光體,可如第5&圖之虛線 所示,使激勵光譜之峰値接近4〗0nm,且發光光譜之峰値 可如第5b圖之虛線所示設定於600nm附近,如此即可在頻 寬上將發光光譜幅展至750nm。藉此即可發生紅色系光。 於具有石榴石組成之YAG系螢光體内,以Ga置換A1 的一部份來使發光波長往短波長側移動,且以Gd與/或La 置換Y的一部份來使發光波長往長波長側移動。A1朝Ga置 換最好考慮發生效率與發光波長而爲Ga: A 1 = 1:1至4:60。 同樣地,以Gd與/或La置換Y的一部份Y:Ga與/或La=9:l至 1:9 ’較佳者爲Y:Ga與/或La=4:1至2:3。置換比率不滿2的 話,綠色成份即會增大而紅色成份則縮小。且比率6以上 的話,紅色成份即會增大而亮度則急遽降低。 此種光致發光螢光體可使用以Y、Gd、Ce、La、A1、 Sm與G作爲原料之氧化物與高溫下易氧化之氧化物所組合 之化合物,並依化學計量比將其混合而製得原料。且以共 沈氧化物、氧化鋁與氧化鎵混合而製得混合原料,此共沈 氧化物係以草酸共同沈澱一溶解液之共沈物烘焙者,而此 溶解液係依化學計量比將γ、Gd、Le、La、Sm希土類元 n n ·1 ϋ ϋ · n I n n n ϋ n 一-0*· I μ· Μ· I I I a·· I I I aav an· I · · I aav aw I I MB - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Γ -32- Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) 1156177 五、發明說明(3〇) 素溶解於酸中者。將作爲助熔劑之氟化銨等氟化物適量混 合而放入坩堝中,在空氣中1350〜1450eC溫度下歷2〜5小 時烘焙而製得烘焙品,其次在水中球磨烘焙品、洗淨、分 離、乾燥,最後通過篩子可製得。於本實施形態之中,組 成相異的二種以上以鈽致活的鋁石榴石系螢光體既最好混 合使用’且最好獨立配置(譬如疊層)使用。二種以上勞 金」UL&況下,形成量產性佳的色變換部較簡單, 而二種以上的螢光體獨立配置情形下,可藉由形成所欲顏 色或使其混合,而在形成後予以色調整。且,螢光體各自 獨立配置情形下,最好接近LED元件處設有易於在較短波 長側吸收光而發光的螢光體,並在離led較遠處配置易於 在較長波長側吸收發光的螢光的螢光體。藉此可有效吸收 並發光。 如上述,本實施形態2之發光二極體使用組成相異的 五ϋ光體。藉此可構成一種所欲發光色 可有效發光之發光二極體。即,半導體發光元件所發的光 的發光波長在第6圖所示色變圖之Α點至Β點線上之位置情 況下,即可發出組成相異的二種以上的鋁石榴石系螢光體 色度,即第6圖之A點、B點、C點及D點所圍住的斜線内的 任一發光色。實施形態2可藉對LED元件、螢光體之組成 或其量作種種選擇來調節。尤其是,對應於LED元件之發 光波長,藉由對既定螢光體之選擇來補償LED元件之發光 波長之色散’藉此可構成發光波長之色散極少之發光二極 體。且’可藉由it擇螢光體質之發光波長來構成含高輝度 33- 11 — 1 — — 11 — 1 1^11^ · i I I — I I — *1111111·· *^^ i — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — i· (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1156177 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 B7 五、發明說明(31 ) 的RGB發光成份的發光二極體。 且,實施形態2所用之鋁石榴石系(YAG系)螢光體 由於係由石榴石組成,故實施形態2之發光二極體可作長 時間高亮度的發光。復且,實施形態1與2之發光二極體自 發光觀測面視之,經由螢光體設有發光元件。由於所使用 螢光物質於較來自發光元件的光長的波長側發光,故可有 效發光。甚而,變換過的光由於變成在亦較發自發光元件 的光長的波長側,故亦較發光元件之氮化物半導體層之帶 間系小,而難以爲該氧化物導體層所吸收。爲了使螢光體 等向發光,所發出之光固亦朝向LED元件,惟由於螢光體 所發出之光不爲LED元件所吸收,故不會降低發光二極體 之發光效率。 (面狀發光裝置) 第7圖圖示有關於本發明之另一實施形態之面狀發光 光源例子。 第7圖所示面狀發光装置係塗覆部701所含實施例1或 2所用之光致發光螢光體。藉此,氮化鎵系發光元件所發 藍色系光藉塗覆部作色變換後,即經由導光板704與散射 片706成面狀發出。 詳細説明之,於第7圖之面狀發光裝置中,發光元件 702固定於絶緣層與導電晶體點陣(未圖示)所形成的 字 形金屬基板703内。發光元件之電極與導電晶體點陣導通 之後,即將光致發光螢光體與環氧樹脂混合而充填於載裝 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ *1 · ϋ ϋ ^1 ^1 *1»· ϋ · ϋ ϋ i_i ϋ ^1 -1_ι ϋ · I ϋ I ϋ— n I ϋ I 1 H ϋ I n I n ϋ ϋ i 1 I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
I -34 - 156177 A7 B7 32 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明( 有發光元件7 02之3字基金屬基板7〇3内部。如此固定之 發光元件702以環氧樹脂等固定在具有壓克力性質之導光 板704之一側端面。於未形成有導光板7〇4一侧,主面上的 散射板706的部份上形成含有皂的膜狀反射構件 707’以防止點狀發光的螢光現象。 同樣地,在構成上,於導光板704的另一側整個主表 面(裡面侧)以及未配置有發光元件的另一側端面上,設 有I射盖佳7〇5以提高發光效率。藉此可構成一種譬如LCD 背光用而具有充份明亮度的i数發立的發光二極體。 使用此種面狀發光的發光二極體的液晶顯示器係譬 如經由在透光性導電液晶點陣所形成的玻璃基板間(未圖 示)注入液晶之液晶裝置,將偏光板配置於導光板704之 一側主面上而構成者。 第8、9圖圖示有關於本發明之其他實施形態的面狀 發光裝置實例。第8圖所示之發光裝置係以經由光致發光 螢光體所含有的色變換構件變換成白色系光後,藉導光板 704將發光二極體702所產生的藍色系光成面狀發出之方式 構成者。 第9圖所示之發光裝置係依以導光板704形成面狀 後,藉導光板704—側之主表面上所形成具有光致發光螢 光體之將發光元件702所發射的藍色系光變換 成白色光而發出面狀白色光之方式構成者。此處,光致發 光螢光體亦最好含於散射片706内,或者,亦最好與黏合 劑一樹脂一起塗覆在散色片706上而形成片狀。甚而,亦 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準<CNS)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐) — — — — — — — — — — — ·1111111 « — — — — — — I— I — — — — — — — — — — - — — — — — — — — _ II (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -35- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 ^^ 五、發明說明(33 ) 最好不將含光致發光螢光體與導光板704上之黏合劑形成 爲片狀,而直接形成爲點狀。 應用例 (顯示裝置) 接著説明有關於本案發明之顯示裝置。第10圖係圖 示有關於本案發明之顯示裝置構成之方塊圖。該類示裝置 如第10圖所示,由LED顯示器601以及具備有驅動電路 6〇2、影像數據記憶裝置603與色調控制裝置604之驅動電 路610所構成。LED顯示器’如第11圖所示,係被用來作 爲於框體504成短陣狀配列有第1或第2圖所示發光二極體 501之黑白LED。於框體5〇4—體形成有蔽光構件5〇5。 驅動電路610,如第10圖所示,可具備有: 影像資料記憶裝置(RAM),暫時存儲所輸入的顯示 數據;色調控制裝置604,根據自RAM603讀出之數據,演 算而輸出LED顯示器601的各個發光二極體成預定亮度點 燈用的色調信號;以及驅動器602,根據輸出自色調控制 裝置604之信號,將發光二極體點亮。 色調控制裝置604取出存儲於RAM603之數據,演算 LED顯示器601之發光二極體點燈時間,並於LED顯示器 601輸出閃爍脈波信號。於如上述所構成之顯示裝置中, LED顯示器601可根據自驅動電路輸入之脈動信號,顯示 對應於顯示數據之影像,從而具有以下優點。 亦即,使用RGB的三個發光二極體而作白色系顯示 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
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經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(34) 的LED顯示器,由於有必要調節顯示RGB之各發光二極體 之發光輸出,故須考慮各發光二極體的發光強度、溫度特 性等’而控制各發光二極體,因此,驅動該LED顯示器之 驅動電路有趨於複雜的問題。惟,於本案發明之顯示裝置 中’ LED顯示器601並不使用rgb的三種發光二極體,由 於構成上所使用的是有關於本案發明之可發出白色系光的 發光二極體,故驅動電路無需對RGB的各個發光二極體作 個别的控制,故可使驅動電路的構成趨於簡單,並使顯示 裝置價廉。 且,使用RGB的三種發光二極體而顯示白色總的LED 顯示器,爲了將RGB的三種發光二極體組合而作白色顯示 於每一畫素,必須同時分别使三種發光二極體發光而將其 混色,故相當於一畫素的顯示領域會加大而無法作極精細 的顯示。惟,本案發明的顯示裝置中的LED顯示器,由於 可用一個發光二極體來作白色顯示,故可作較高度精細的 白色系顯示。沉,藉三種發光二極體的混色來顯示的LED 顯示器依所見方向與角變,各RGB之發生二極體會有部份 被蔽光而顯示色產生變化的情形發生,本案發明之LED顯 示器則無此現象。 如上所述LED顯示器使用本案發明的可發白色系光 的發光二極體,具備此LED顯示器的顯示器具可較高度精 細化,可作安定的白色顯示,並可使色斑減少的特長。且 本案發明的可作白色顯示的LED顯示器與習知僅用紅色、 綠色的LED顯示器相較,對人體眼睛的刺激極少而適合長 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) n i-i n ϋ I n n ϋ ϋ ·1 ϋ n ϋ ί I^WJ^ ^ ^ · (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -37- A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作社印製 1156177 ___B7_ 五、發明說明(35 ) 時間的使用。 (使用本案發明的發光二極體的其他顯示裝置實例) 如第12圖所示’藉由使用本案發明之發光二極體, 即可構成以本案發明之發光二極體加諸RGB的三種發光二 極體者作爲一畫素之LED顯示器。而藉由使此led顯示器 與既定的驅動電路連接,即可構成一種能顯示種種影像之 顯示裝置。與單色顯像之顯示裝置一樣,本顯示裝置中之 驅動電路具備··一、影像數據記憶裝置(RAM),暫時存儲 所輸入之顯示數據;色調控制裝置,根據RAM所存儲的數 據,演算使各發光二極體成預定亮度點亮用的色調信號; 以及軀動器,以色調控制電路之輸出信號來切換而將各發 光二極體點亮。惟,此驅動電路需有分别控制RGB與發射 白色系光的各發光二極體的專用控制電路。色調控制電路 由RAM所存儲的數據來演算各個發光二極體的點燈時間, 並將閃爍的動信號輸出。於進行白色系顯示情形下,使點 亮RGB各發光二極體的脈動信號的脈幅縮短,或者使脈波 信號的主峰値降低,乃至於不輸出全部的脈波信號。另一 方面,供給脈波信號於白色系發光二極體,俾對其補償亦 即就縮短脈波信號的脈幅,降低脈波信號的峰値,乃至於 不輸出全部脈波信號的部份予以補償。藉此作LED顯示器 的白色顯示。 如此,藉由追加白色發光二極體於RGB的發光二極 體,即可提高顯示器的亮度。且,以RGB的組合來進行白 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規‘(21{} x 297公楚) i — — — — — — — — — — — ills — ^ - ------------------ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -38- 1156177 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(36) 色顯示的話,固無法根據目視角度強調RGB中之各一或二 色而顯示純粹的白色,惟,藉由追加用於本顯示裝置之白 色發光二極體,即可解決此一問題。 此種顯示装置中之驅動電路最好以CPU來作爲色調 控制電路來演算白色系發光二極體或所欲亮度點亮用之脈 波信號。輸出白色調控制電路之脈波信號輸入白色系發光 二極體之驅動器而將使驅動器切換。驅動器導通的話,白 色系發光二極體即點亮,關閉的話,即熄滅。 (信號機) 使用本案發明之發光二極體來作爲本身爲顯示裝置 的一種的信號機所具之特點爲,除可長時間安定發光,復 且,即使發光二極體的一部份熄滅,亦不會產生色斑。使 用本案發明發光二極體之信號機之概略構成,係依預定棑 列方式將白色發光二極體配置在導電晶體點陣所形成的基 板上。以串聯復串並聯連接此種發光二極體之發光二極體 電路爲發光二極體組。使用二個以上發光二極體組而分别 成渦狀配置發光二極體。所有發光二極體予以配置的話, 則全面配置成圓形。分别以焊料將各發光二極體與自基板 與外部電力連接的電源線焊接後,即固定於鐵道信號用之 框體内。LED顯示器配置在裝有蔽光構件之鋁鑄框體内而 以矽膠充塡材封固於表面上。框體之顯示面設有白色透 鏡。且LED顯示器之電氣配線爲了自框體裡面將框體密 閉,經由橡膠墊相通而密閉於框體内。如此即可形成白色 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) — — — — — — — — — — — I — ·1111111 ·11111111 I — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 ----—------------7 ______ ----—-- 五、發明說明(37) 系信號機。可將本案發明之發光二極體配置成自分開複數 組的中心部向外勾勒輪子的渦形,藉由並聯連接構成可靠 度高的信號機。於此情形下,可藉由自中心部向外勾勒輪 子而構成可靠度高的信號機。自中心部向外侧勾备輪子, 包括有連接勾勒輪子與斷續的配置二者。惟,考慮到LED 顯示器的顯示面積等,可對所配置的發光二極體的數目與 發光二極體組的數目作種種的選擇。藉此信號機,即使因 一方發光二極體組與一部份發光二極體中任一個有問題而 造成熄燈,亦可藉由另一方發光二極體組與剩下的發光二 極體使信號機作均一的圓形發光,而不致於產生色斑。由 於渦狀配置,故能緊密配置中心部,不管電燈發光信號爲 何,均可作舒適的驅動。 本案發明固説明其實施例,惟,須知本案發明並不 限於以下之實施例,爲此,茲説明如下。 (實施例1 ) 實施例1係以用於Ga、IN半導體之發光蜂値係 450nm、半寬度30nm之發光元件被用來作爲發光元件爲 例。實施例1之發光元件係在洗淨之藍寶石基板上使Tmg (三甲基鎵)氣、TMI (三甲基銦)氣、氮氣及摻雜氣來 與載體氣一起滾動,以MOCVD法使氣化鎵系化合物半導 體成膜而製造者。成膜時,藉由轉換Si,H4與Cp 2 Mg爲掺 雜氣,形成具有N型導電性的氮化鎵半導體與具有p型導 電性之氮化鎵半導體。實施例1之LED元件具備一有n型導 — — — — — — ·1111111 一-σ,« — — — — — — I— I — — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — I! — — . (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 電性的氮化鎵半導體接觸層、一有p型導電性的氮化鎵鋁 包覆層以及一有p型導電性之氮化鎵半導體層之接觸層, 形成一由非摻雜InGaN所形成之活性層,以構成在具有N 型導電性之接觸層與具有P型導電性之包覆層之間厚度約 3nm的單一量子井,且在藍寶石基板上於低溫下形成一氮 化鎵半導體層來作爲缓衝層。復且,P型氮化鎵半導體成 膜後在400¾以上的溫度熱焙。 藉由姓刻使P型與N型之各半導體表面露出後,復藉 噴濺分别形成η側之各電極。在如此作成之半導體晶圖 上劃線之後’即施加外力切割成各個發光元件。 以環氧樹脂將如上所述製成之發光元件接合於鍍銀 安裝引線之帽部後,即用直徑爲30微米之金線分别對發光 元件之各電極、電裝引線與内引線進行線接合而製成引線 型發光二極體。 光致發光螢光體係以草酸來與一以預定化學計量化 將Y、Ga、Ce、等希土元素溶解於酸的溶解液共同沈澱, 鍛燒沈澱物而獲得的共同沈澱氧化物與氧化鋁混合,將作 爲助熔劑之氟化銨混合於此混合原料,而放入坩堝中,在 空氣中400 °C溫度下鍛燒後,使用球磨濕式粉碎、洗淨、 分離、乾燥後,最後通過篩子而製成者。 結果,光致發光螢光體爲Y以約2比率的Gd來置換的 銦、鋁氧化物的話,即形成爲(Y〇.8Gd0.2)3Al5〇12:Ce。 且Ce之置換爲0.03。 將以上所製成之(丫0.8〇(10.2)3八15〇12:(^80重量份與 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
-41-· A7 1156177 --- B7__ 五、發明說明(39) 環氧樹脂100重量份充份混合成漿料,在將此漿料注入载 裝發光元件的安裝引線的帽部内之後,即在130 ec溫度下 硬化一小時。而後則在發光元件上形成含有120微米厚光 致發光螢光體之塗覆部。且,本實施例係於塗覆部中光致 發光螢光體間著發光元件逐漸增多的方式分布而構成者。 照射強度約3.5W/cm2。此後,即進一步在外部應力、水 份與塵埃等方面保護發光元件與光致發光螢光體的目的之 下,形成透光性環氧樹脂來作爲模構件。就此點而言,模 構件係在砲彈型之型框中接合於引線框,將覆蓋在含光致 發光螢光體之塗覆部上之發光元件插入,注入透光性環氧 樹脂後,l5〇eC下硬化5小時而形成。 要點是,所形成之發光二極體自發光觀測正面視之 係著色成依光致發光螢光體之體色中央部份帶有黄色。 而後,所獲得的白色系經測定可發光的發光二極體的 色度點、色溫度與光效性指數的結果顯示接近色度點 (Χ=0·302、Υ=0·280)、色溫度 8080K、光效性指數(Ra)=87.5 的三波長型螢光燈的性能。且發光效率若爲9.5 lm/w則係 白色電燈之類。復且,即使在溫度25eC60mA通電、溫度25 eC2〇mA通電、溫度6〇eC9〇%RH下2〇mA通電的各壽命試驗 中觀測不到螢光體所造成的變化,亦可確定若爲一般藍色 發光二極體壽命特性上並無差别。 (比較例1 ) 除了由(Y〇.8Gd0.2)3Al5012:Ce將光致發光螢光體作 本紙張尺度適用令國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) I --------^------ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
• I I 線丨· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -42- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 ________^B?______ 五、發明說明(40) 成(Zn Cd) S:Cn、A1外,均與實施例一樣,形成發光二極 體與進行壽命試驗。所形成之發光二極體通電後,馬上跟 實施例一樣,固確認出白色系的發光,惟亮度則減低。且, 於壽命試驗中,約1〇〇小時輸出爲零。劣化原因解析結果 係螢光體黑化。 根據發光元件所發出之光與附著於螢光體之水份或自 外部環境進入的水份進行光分解而在螢光體結晶表面析出 膠狀亞鉛金屬,茲認爲這是外觀變成黑色的東西。將溫度 25eC20mA通電、溫度60°C90%RH以下2〇mA通電的壽命試 驗結果與實施例1之結果一併圖示於第13圖。亮度顯示有 作爲基準的初期値與各個相對値。第13圖中,實線爲實施 例1,而波狀線則表示比較例。 (實施例) 實施例2之發光二極體除由於在發光元件之氮化物系 化合物半導體之In含量增加亦較實施例1之發光元件多, 故使發光元件之發光峰値爲460mm,且光致發光螢光體的 Gd含量增加亦較實施例1多而作成(Y0.6Gd0.4)3Al5〇12:
Ce外,亦與實施例一樣製造發光二極體。 如以上所製成之發光二極體可發白色系光,茲測定 其色度點、色溫度與光效性指數,分别爲,色度點 (Χ=0·375、Υ=〇·370),色溫度4400K,光效性指數 (Ra)=86.0 〇 第18A、18B與18C圖分别圖示實施例2之光致發光螢 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (4Ϊ -43· . --------^---------^ — ----------------------- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(41) 光體、發光元件與發光二極體之各發光光譜。 且此實施例2之發光二極體製造100,相對於初期光度 發光1000小時後調整光度。結果,以初期(壽命試驗前) 之光度爲100%,歷經1000小時後的平均光度經確認平均 爲98.8%,特性上並無差别。 (實施例3 ) 實施例3之發光二極體除使用含有加於Y、Gd、Ce希 土類元素之 Sm,一般式爲(Y〇.39Gd〇.57Ce〇.〇3Sm〇e〇i)3 a!5〇12螢光體來作光致發光螢光體外,亦與實施例1一樣 來製造。製造100個發光二極體,在130°C高溫下評價結果, 與實施例1之發光二極體比較,平均溫度特性好到8%程 度。 (實施例4 ) 實施例4之LED顯示器係實施例1之發光二極體成16X 16矩陣狀排列在如第11圖所示形成銅圖型的陶基板上而構 成者。且,就實施例4之LED顯示器而言,排列有發光二 極體之基板配置在由酚樹脂製成而一體成形有蔽光構件 505之框體504内,且以色料著上黑色之矽膠506充填除發 光二極體之前端部外的框體、發光二極體、基板與蔽光構 件的一部分。且基板與發光二極體之連接係用自動焊接安 裝裝置來進行焊接。 經確認,以具備如以上所構成的LED顯示器、暫時
I! — — — — ! — · i I I I! I !111 — ! ^^ I — I! — — — — — — — ! — — !!· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1156177 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(42) 存儲所輸入顯示數據之RAM、取出RAM的記憶數據而演 算發光二極體成預定亮度點燈用之色調信號之色調控制電 路以及以色調控制電路的輸出信號切換而使發光二極體點 亮之驅動器的驅動裝置予以驅動,即可以其作爲黑白LED 顯示裝置來使用。 (實施例5 ) 實施例5之發光二極體除使用以一般式爲(γ〇 2Gd〇 8 )3Al5〇12:Ce之螢光體來作爲光致發光螢光體外,其他均 與實施例1一樣來製造。製造100個此實施例5的發光二極 體來測定諸特性。 結果色度點(平均値)爲(Χ=0·450、Υ=〇·420)而可發 出電燈色的光。 第19Α、19Β與19C圖分别圖示實施例5之光致發光螢 光體、發光元件與發光二極體之各發光光譜。 且實施例5之發光二極體較實施例1之發光二極體亮 度約低40%,壽命試驗顯示與實施例1 一樣具有極佳耐候 性。 (實施例6 ) 實施例6之發光二極體除使用一般式以Y3Al5〇12:Ce 表示的螢光體來作爲光致發光螢光體外,其他均與實施例 1 一樣來製造。 製造100個此實施例5之發光二極體來測定諸特性。 結果’與貫施例1相較,可發出略帶一點點黄綠色的 ^--------^--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
-45- 1156177 A7
五、發明說明(《 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 白色光。 第20A、20B與2〇C圖分别圖示實施例6之光致發光螢 光體、發光元件與發光二極體之各發光光譜。 且,實施例6之發光二極體於壽命試驗中顯示與實施 例1同樣有極佳耐候性。 (實施例7 ) 實施例7之發光二極體除使用一赦式以Y3(Al〇.5 Ga0.5)5〇12:Ce來表示的螢光體來作爲光致發光勞光體 外,其他均與實施例1 一樣來製造。 製造100個此實施例7之發光二極體來測定諸特性。 結果,實施例7之發光二極體可發出亮度低而帶有一 點點綠色的白色光,且於壽命試驗中顯示與實施例1同樣 有極佳耐候性。 第21A、21B與21C圖分别圖示實施例7之光致發光螢 光體、發光元件與發光二極體之各發光光譜。 (實施例8 ) 實施例8之發光二極體除使用一般式以Gd3(Al〇.5 〇&〇.5)5〇12:〇表示而不含丫的螢光體來作爲光的發光螢光 體外,其他均與實施例1 一樣來製造。製造100個此實施例 8之發光二極體來測定諸特性。 結果,實施例8之發光二極體亮度低,於壽命試驗中 顯示與實施例1同樣有極佳耐候性。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · 1 ϋ 1 ϋ n ϋ ϋ^dJ· n ϋ ϋ n ϋ ϋ i— I i-i ϋ I ϋ ^1 i ϋ ^1 ^1 ϋ H ϋ I ^1 I- ϋ I I ϋ ^1 I H - •46- 1156177 A7 44 五、發明說明( (實施例9 ) 貫施例9之發光一極體係具有如第7圖所示構成之面狀 發光之發光裝置。 線 使用發光峰値爲%义nm的Ιη0·05〇〇0·95Ν半導體來作爲 發光元件。發光元件係使TMG (三甲基鎵)氣、ΤΜΐ (三 甲基銦)氣、氮氣與摻雜劑氣體與載體氣一起流動於洗淨 的藍寶石基板上,而以MOCVD法使氮化鎵系化合物半導 體成膜而形成者。藉由將以^14與(:?21^§摻雜劑氣體轉換, 形成具有N型導電性的氮化鎵半導體與具有p型導電性的 氮化鎵單位而形成PN接合。形成具有N型導電性之氮化鎵 半導體接觸層、具有N型導電性之氮化鎵半導體包覆層、 具有P型導電性之氮化鎵半導體包覆層與具有p型導電性之 氮化鎵接觸層者來作爲半導體發光元件。在具有1^型導電 性之包覆層與具有P型導電性之包覆層之間形成雙異質接 合之Zri摻雜In Ga N之活性層。且在藍寶石基板上低溫形 成氮化鎵半導體而用來作爲緩衝層。p型氮化物半導體層 在成膜後以400eC以上溫度烘培。 各半導體成膜後,藉蝕刻使PN各半導體表面露出, 而後,藉喷濺分别形成各電極,接著對作好的半導體晶圓 劃線,再以外力切割而形成發光元件。 以環氧樹脂將發光元件接合,在具有帽部於鍍銀之 銅製引線框前端的安裝引線上。分别以直徑爲3〇微米的金 線,對發光元件的各電極與安裝引線暨内引線作線接合而 本紙張尺度適用_冢標準(cns)A4 •47- A7 1156177 B7 '--------_-- 五、發明說明(45 ) 使其電氣導通。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 模構件係於將砲彈型型框中配置有發光元件之引線框 插入而混入透光性環氧樹脂後,在150°C下歷5小時予以硬 化而形成藍色系發光二極體者。將藍色光二極體連接於整 個端面研磨過的壓克力導光板的一端面。壓克力板之板面 與側面若作爲白色反射構件則以分散於壓克力系黏合劑中 的鈦酸鋇來網版印刷並硬化。 光致發光螢光體依化學計量比將綠色系與紅色系分别 所需的Y、Gd、Ce、La希土類元素溶解於酸中而使草酸與 此溶解液共同沈殿。將烘培而得之氧化物與氧化銘、氧化 鎵混合而分别獲得混合原料。將作爲助熔劑之氟化鍵混合 於此等原料而放入坩堝中,在空氣中1400。〇溫度範圍内烘 培3小時而得烘培品。於水中分别球磨烘培品、洗淨、分 離、乾燥,最後通過篩子形成。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 將如以上所製成一般式爲Y3(Al〇 6Ga〇.4)5〇12:Ce而 可發綠色光的第1螢光體的120份重量、依同樣方式製成一 般式爲(YOjGdojhAlsOufe而可發紅色光的第2螢光體 的100重量份、與環氧樹脂的100重量份充份混合成爲漿 料,使用多重塗覆器在0.5毫米厚的壓克力層上將此漿料 均句塗布、乾燥來形成3 0微米厚的作爲色變換構件的螢光 膜。將螢光體層切成與導光板的主發光面同樣大小,而配 置在導光面上,藉此作成面狀發光裝置。如以上所製成之 發光装置其色度點與光效性指數經測定結果顯示,色度點 (Χ=0·29,Υ=〇·3 4),光效性指數(Ra)92.〇,具有接近三波
1156177 A7
-49- 1156177 五、發明說明(47) 導通。 另一方面,光致發光發光體分别如以下混合使用一般 式以(Al0.5Ga0.5)5〇i2:Ce來表示的可發綠色系光的第1螢 光體與一般式以(Y〇.2Gd〇.8)3Al5〇12:Ce來表示的可發紅 色系光的第2螢光體。亦即,以草酸來將以化學計量比使 必要Y、Gd、Ce希土類元素溶解於酸的溶解液共同沈澱。 若係將其烘焙而得之共沈氧化物,則混合氧化鋁、氧化鎵 而分别獲得混合原料。混合作爲助熔劑之氟化銨而放入坩 堝中。在空氣中l4〇〇°C溫度範圍内烘焙而分别製得烘焙 品。在水中球磨烘焙品、洗淨、分離、乾燥,最後通過篩 子,而製成預定粒度之第1與第2螢光體。 線 將以上所製成的第1螢光體暨第2螢光體的各别40重量 份與環氧樹脂的100重量份混合成漿料,將此漿料注入配 置有發光元件之安裝引線上之帽部。注入後,即將含有所 注入光致發光螢光體之光致發光螢光體以130歷1小時硬 化。而後在發光元件上形成含有120微米厚光致發光勞光 體之塗覆構件。且,此塗覆構件以在接近發光元件處徐徐 增加光致發光螢光體量的方式形成。而後,則進一步在保 護發光元件與光致發光螢光體使其免於外部壓力、水份與 塵埃的目的下形成作爲模構件之透光性環氧樹脂。模構件 係在插入砲彈型型框中形成有光致發光螢光體之塗覆部之 引線框而混入環氧樹脂後,以1 50。〇歷5小時予以硬化。如 此製成之貫施例10自發光觀測正面視之,中央部份係依光 致發光螢光體色著色成略帶黄色。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規(210 X 297公爱7 50- 1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明(48) 如以上所製成之實施例2之色度點、色溫度、光效性 指數經測定結果,色度點爲(χ=〇 32,γ=0·34),光效性指 數爲(Ra) = 89.0,發光效率若爲1〇lm/w。且若進一步作耐 候試驗,即使在室溫6〇rnA通電、室溫20mA通電、60艺 90%RH下20mA通電的各試驗中觀測不到光致發光螢光體 所引起的變化,可確認一般的藍色系發光二極體在壽命特 性上並無差别。 (實施例11 ) 使用發光峰値爲47〇nm的In〇.4Go〇.6N半導體來作爲 LED元件。發光元件係使tmg (三甲基鎵)氣、TMI (三 甲基銦)氣、氮氣與載體氣體在洗淨的藍寶石基板上流動, 而藉MOCVD法使氮化鎵系化合物半導體成膜而製成者。 藉由替換作爲掺雜氣之SiH4與Cp2Mg形成具有N型導電性 之氮化鎵半導體與具有P型導電性之氮化鎵半導體而形成 PN接合。形成具有N型導電性的氮化鎵半導體接觸層、具 有P型導電性之氮化鎵半導體包覆層與具有p型導電性之氮 化鎵半導體接觸者來作爲LED元件。藉由在具有n型導電 性的接觸層與具有p型導電性之包覆層之間形成3nm非摻 雜InGaN之活性層來形成單一井構造。且在藍寶石基板上 低溫形成氮化鎵半導體作爲缓衝層。 如以上形成各層後,藉蝕刻使PN各半導體表面露 出,藉喷濺形成p側與η側之各電極。而後,將作好的半導 體晶圓劃線,藉外力切割而形成發光元件。
(請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂-------- I ----------------------- -51- 1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(49) 使用環氧樹脂將此發光元件接合於鍵銀之銅製安裝 引線之帽部。分别以直徑30微米之金線使發光元件之各電 極與安裝引線暨内引線作線接合而電氣導通。 模構件係於將砲彈型型框中配置有發光元件之引線框 插入而混入透光性環氧樹脂後,以15(Γ〇歷5小時予以硬化 而形成藍色系發光《一極體者。將皇色系發光二極體連接於 整個端面均經研磨的壓克力導光板的一端面。壓克力板的 板面與側面將分散於壓克力系黏合劑中的作爲白色反射構 件的鈦酸鋇網版印刷並硬化而形成膜狀。 另一方面,光致發光螢光體以後述方式製造並混合使 用一般式以(Y0.8Gd0.2)3Al5〇12表示而可發較短波長側的 黄色系光的螢光體與一般式以(γ〇 4Gd〇 6)3Al5〇12:Ce表 示而可發較長波長側的黃色系光的螢光體。此等螢光體以 草酸使依化學計量比將各個必要的γ、Gd、Ce希土類元素 溶解於酸中的溶解液共同沈澱。若爲將其烘焙而製得之其 沈氧化物,即混合氧化鋁而製得混合原料。混合作爲助熔 劑之氟化鋁而放入坩堝内,在空氣中14〇〇它溫度範圍歷3 小時烘焙而製得烘焙品。在水中分别球磨烘焙品、洗淨、 分離,最後通過筛子而製成。 將以上方式所製成較短波長側黄色系螢光體1 〇〇重量 份、較長波長側黄色系螢光體1〇〇重量份與壓克力樹脂1〇〇〇 重量份混合壓出成形,形成180微米厚的作爲色變換構件 用的螢光體膜。將螢光體膜切割成與導光板主發光面同樣 大小而配置在導光板上以製成發光裝置。以此方式所製成 11------------1-------^--AWI (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
-52- 1156177 A7 五、發明說明(5〇 ) 實施例3之發光裝置其色度點、光效性指數經測定結果顯 示,色度點爲(Χ=0·33,Υ=0·34),光效性指數爲(Ra)=88.0, 而發光效率則爲101 m/w。 第22 A、22B與22C圖分别圖示實施例11所用一般式以 (Y0.8Gd〇.2)3Al5〇i2:Ce表示的螢光體、一般以(γ〇 4 Gd0.6)3Al5〇12:Ce表示的螢光體與發光元件的各發光光 譜。且第23圖顯示實施例11發光二極體之發光光譜。 進一步作耐候試驗,即使在室溫60mA通電、室溫20mA 通電、60°C90%RH下20mA通電的各試驗中,亦觀測不到 起因於螢光體的變化。同樣地,即使是來自發光元件的波 長有所變化,亦可藉由對此螢光體的含量作種種變化來維 持所欲色度點。 (實施例12) 實施例12之發光二極體除使用一般式以Y3In5012:Ce 來表示而不含铭之勞光體來作爲光致發光勞光體外,亦與 實施例1一樣製造100個發光二極體。實施例9之發光二極 體固亮度低惟於壽命試驗中顯示與實施例1同樣優異的耐 候性。 (實施例13 ) 將本發明之面狀發光裝置使用於車輛用計量表之一 例。此類車輛用計量表的具體構造如第24圖及第25圖所 示。第24圖係車輛用計量表之正面示意圖,而第25圖係第 24圖之X-X線剖面示意圖。在第24圖中,預先使用壓克力 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 0¾ Γ— \ --------^-------------------------------- -53- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 I--------—- B7______ 五、發明說明(51 ) 樹脂製成厚度約2mm、寬15(:111><長34〇111的導光板。在導光 板表面作爲計量面板上之預計發光的部位處,以含鈦酸鎖 之壓克力樹脂爲反射原料,並利用網版印刷方式,印刷於 導光板2403上,待樹脂硬化後,在含有利用網版印刷之反 射原料的樹脂上,利用光罩,將鋁以眞空蒸著法進行蒸著 並反射擴散,而形成反射構件,俾供設計成速度計或馬達 轉速计上欲顯示之數字等表示用。由反射構件2404的剖面 觀之,在導光板2403上形成含反射原料之樹脂及/或摻有 反射原料之樹脂2414,在於該樹脂2414上形成金屬屠 2424。此外,在導光板2403上除計量表上供顯示數値刻度 等反射構件外,其餘部位處則設計呈可全反射的光滑面。 反射構件係相對導光板主面積510cm2,設計成約爲26.6cm2 左右大小。 在形成反射構件2404的導光板2403主面上,除反射 構件外,其餘設計爲透過空氣層的光吸收層2402,俾形成 可全反射方式。光吸收層2402乃利用可吸收由發光觀察面 之第一主面的外部處朝向導光板2403照射之光線,諸如塗 抹黑色等深色系薄膜。反射材料2405在導光板2403的厚度 方向,除與發光二極體形成光學性連接之面外,其餘均以 鋁箔膜進行包覆。 其次,配合導光板之反射構件2404產生發光作用, 在導光板較短的面(屬於寬度方向側面)上,左右分别各配 置10個白色發光二極體。該等白色發光二極體係採用以氮 化物系化合物爲發光層,並可發出主發光峰値爲470nm之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 X 297公釐)
(請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) m ^---------^/φ----------------------
-54- 1156177 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(52) 單色性峰値波長的LED晶片作爲發光元件。 發光元件係使用發光峰値爲470nm之InGaN半導體, 乃採用MOCVD法形成氮化物系化合物半導體薄膜。具體 而言,將由經清洗過的2吋藍寶石(C面)所形成的基板,設 定在MOCVD裝置的反應容器内。將反應容器抽取至眞空 狀態,然後灌入氫氣使氫氣充分充滿反應容器後,將基板 溫度上昇至l〇5〇eC而清洗基板。在基板上除藍寶石之C面 外,其他之R面、A面之主面,可利用藍寶石、尖晶石 (MgAl204)等類絶緣性基板,此外亦可採用如siC(含6H、 4H、3C)、Si、ZnO、GaAs、GaN等半導體基板。 其次,將基板溫度下降至510 eC,以NH3爲原料氣體 並以A爲載體氣體而流通該等氣體,俾使GaN在藍寶石基 板上形成厚度約150A的薄膜,在低溫下成長缓衝層。該 缓衝層除可爲GaN外,尚可利用AIN、GaAIN等。 接著暫時停止灌入原料氣體,僅流通載體氣體同時 將溫度上昇至l〇5〇eC,待溫度固定後,以TMG(三甲基鎵) 與NH3爲原料氣體,並以%爲載體氣體,流通該等氣體, 使無雜摻的GaN在緩衝層上形成厚度1,5£^1!1的薄膜。
將溫度維持在1050eC下,在以TMG(三甲基鎵)與NH3 爲原料氣體並以112爲載體氣體之混合氣體中,添加SiH4爲 雜質氣體’並使該等氣體流通,俾以5X 1018/cm3經雜摻GaN 爲η型接觸層,在無雜摻GaN層上形成厚度2 25 um的以層 薄膜。 爲提昇η型接觸層上之活性層的結晶性,可適當的形 I — — — — — — — — — — --------^---------^ I (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
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五、發明說明( 53 成緩衝超格子層。所謂緩衝超格子層係成膜溫度維持在 l〇50eC下,藉由控制雜質氣體SiH4的供給,以25次方式, 各次在η型接觸層上,形成厚度約75 a之無雜掺GaN層及 厚度約25 A之Si雜摻GaN層,所形成薄膜厚度總計爲2500 A。構成超格子的氮化物半導體層,係爲與雜質濃度(si) 間相互不同調變雜摻者。 接著,形成多重量子井構造的活性層。該多重量子 井構造,係將厚度約250 A之GaN與厚度約30 A之InGaN, 重複施行6次的成膜程序,並在活性層的二端以GaN收邊。 具體而言,GaN的成膜係在MOCVD法中,將成膜溫度設 定在1050°〇,並以TMG與NH3爲原料氣體,以112爲載體氣 體,流通該等氣體而進行成膜後,在緩衝超格子層上形成 厚度约250A之GaN薄膜。 其次,停止原料氣體流入,將成膜溫度設定在800eC 後,在灌入原料氣體之TMG、TMI(三甲基銦)及NH3及載 體氣體之氮氣,並使該等氣體流通而形成厚度約30 A之 InGaN薄膜。重複實施六次後,而形成厚度約1930 A之活 性層。 當活性層形成後,再形成超格子構造的P型覆蓋層, 該P型覆蓋層係重複施行5遍之厚度約40 A的摻雜Mg之 AlGaN與厚度約25 A的掺雜Mg之InGaN而成。具體而言, 利用MOCVD法,將成膜溫度設定在l〇5〇eC,並以TMG、 TMA(三甲基鋁)與NH3爲原料氣體,以Cp2Mg(環戊二烯合 鎂)爲雜質氣體,以H2爲載體氣體,流入該等氣體,而形 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 · H ϋ I ϋ n 11 一5111 n ϋ -I ϋ .1 ϋ I I 1 -I ϋ 111 ϋ ϋ I ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ I ϋ 11 ϋ ϋ 11 · 經濟部智慧財產局員X消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 ------- —___B7_ 五、發明說明(54 ) 成膜厚度約爲40A的AlGaN薄膜。然後,停止供應原料氣 體,同時將成膜溫度設定成850eC後,再度以TMG、TMI 與NH3爲原料氣體,以Cp2Mg(環戊二烯合鎂)爲雜質氣體, 以氮氣爲載體氣體,流入該等氣體,而形成膜厚度約爲25 A 的InGaN薄膜,重複5次此項步骤,而形成厚度約325A的 超格子p型覆蓋層薄膜。此p型覆蓋層除超格子構造外,亦 可利用單層的AlGaN。 然後,在105(TC下,使用TMG、NH3與Cp2Mg,形成 由雜摻1 X l〇2G/cm3之p型GaN所組成之p型覆蓋層(厚度約 1500 A)。待反應完成後,將溫度下降至室溫,然後在氮 氣環境下,對晶圓施行70〇tl的熱處理,俾將添加有雜質P 型層更進一步的予以低阻抗化。 在施行熱處理後,由反應容器中取出晶圓,在最上 層的P型覆蓋層的表面上,設置預設形狀的光罩,利用 RIE(反應性離子蝕刻)裝置,由p型覆蓋層方向開始進行部 分蝕刻,而使pn各半導體表面裸露出。 在施行蝕刻後,利用濺鍍裝置,在幾乎p型接觸層的 整面上形成含有Ni與A1之厚度200 A的p型電極,以及在p 型電極上形成膜厚0.5 um由鍵結用铜所構成的p型衰減電 極。此外,在經蝕刻而裸露出的η型接觸層上,分别形成 含有W與Α1之η型電極。最後,配合保護ρ型電極表面,而 形成3丨02絶緣膜爲保護膜。然後將所製得的氮化物半導體 晶圓,拉至切片機上,利用外力切割成35〇um小塊狀LED 晶片,俾作爲發光元件用。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) m
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經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1156177 A7 B7 五、發明說明(55 ) 採用此發光元件,形成由導光板引進光線的發光二 極體。 發光二極體的引線框係利用鍵銀的掺雜鐵的銅。在 引線框之一端設置具有帽部的安装引線,另一端則設置内 引線,該内引線係利用線圈與配設於安装引線上之LED晶 片其中一端的電極形成電性接觸。該LED晶片利用環氧樹 脂設置於安裝引線之後,在利用直徑3 5 u m的金線與LED 晶片之電極相連接,使引線框前端與金線形成相連接狀 態,俾LED晶片之各電極可分别與内引線及安裝引線形成 電性導通狀態。 光致發光螢光體係將Y、Gd、Ce之稀土族元素以化學 計量方式溶解於酸的溶解液,與草酸共沉,將其經燒結後 所得共沉氧化物與氧化鋁混合,而形成混合原料。然後, 混合氟化銨助熔劑,並填入坩堝中,在空氣中1400°C溫度 下進行3小時的鍛燒後而獲得燒結品。將該燒結品在水中 進行球磨濕式粉碎,然後洗淨、分離、乾燥後,最後通過 篩子而製成者。 光致發光螢光體爲Y(銦)以約2成比率的Gd(釓)取代成 銦、鋁氧化物,而形成(YwGdoAAlsObCe,且Ce之取代 爲 0.2 〇 將所形成之(YQ.8GdG 2)3Al5012:Ce螢光體85重量份與環 氧樹脂100重量份均勻混合成漿料後,將該漿料 注入 於設置有LED晶片之安裝引線上之帽部。待注入後,即將 含光致發光螢光體之環氧樹脂以130eC歷1小時硬化。然後 '兮本紙張人沒週用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) •58- I · I ^-----I---^ I. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
^--------^------ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 線丨· A7 B7 五、發明說明(56 ) 由坩鍋上面觀之,大部分含光致發光螢光體的樹脂,在led 晶片電極上,幾乎形成於與經球磨後之球部的介面以下。 所以,將在LED晶片上形成塗覆部的引線框配設於模構件 内,並混入透光性環氧樹脂後。在15〇1〇歷5小時予以硬化。 將如上述所形成的白色發光二極體之發光面,以透光性黏 貼膠帶貼付於導光板面上。除接觸該透光性黏貼膠(未圖 示)之面的部分外,均被覆有含反射性較高之鈦酸鋇的樹 脂。 各白色發光二極體係採直線排列方式連接,以5V、 20mA點亮20個。該相當於計量器之刻度用之反射部的設 計无度’經測量後爲900cd/m2。在設計板上亦無色班產生。 (實施例14) 本發明另一種車輛用計量表之具體結構,請參閲第26 圖所示。第26圖係車輛用計量表之正面圖。第27圖係第26 圖之X-X線剖面圖。實施例中爲面狀發光裝置的顯示板, 係在形成導光板形狀時,使其形成如第26圖所示形狀。在 導光板的發光觀視面上,設計成供顯示速度計或馬達轉速 計之刻度,並在成形時進行凹凸加工處理俾一體成形。導 光板採用壓克力樹脂材質,射出於預先形成的模具中而製 成。在凹凸加工2634之其中一部分,配合可顯示出特定顏 色的光,所以可塗抹成如紅色等顏色。其次,該凹凸加工 係將來自發光二極體的光,在導光板上進行擴散並反射而 發光,而該凹凸加工係採用含鈦酸鋇之壓克力樹脂2614利 用網版印刷而進行塗抹處理。在施行網版印刷的樹脂2614
1156177 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 - -----~—_[ —___ 五、發明說明(57 ) 上,採用光罩將鋁金屬層2624進行蒸著處理而成膜,俾反 射擴散之反射構件的剖面觀之,形成由導光板上的ω凸部 分、形成於凹凸部分上並填入擴散材料的樹脂、以及形成 於該填入擴散材料樹脂上之金屬層等所構成。該反射構件 可單獨形成,亦或者各自相互組合而成均可。除導光板上 之計量表刻度等顯示用反射構件外,導光板表面形成可全 反射的略平滑面。反射構件相對於442cm2的導光板主面, 約爲13.6 cm2大小。 此外,將含黑色顏料之ABS樹脂的光吸收層,配合導 光板外形而形成板狀。在光吸收層上形成與該導光板之貫 穿孔相對應的貫穿孔,而該光吸收層上設置有計量表指示 針、液晶裝置之電源線等。在部分光吸收層的正下方貼付 暗色系半透明膜2608,俾可使來自向下直射型LED的光可 穿透過。 白色樹脂框體2605係配合導光板形狀,且沿導光板外 型設有凹部設計,乃由聚碳酸酯材質所形成。在白色樹脂 框體的凹部内侧,偏向導光板側面方向,設置有可引進白 色光的發光二極體。 該發光二極體係採用4個晶片型LED所形成,而該晶 片型LED係設置有8個電性連接之發光元件的LED晶片 2601所形成。晶片型LED係在凹部底面設置有由氮化物半 導體所形成的LED晶片,且在凹部内設置有含 (Y〇.6Gd〇.4)3Al5〇12:Ce之銦•链•釓系螢光體,而形成發 光二極體,其中,該銦•銘·釓系螢光體係以含於環氧樹 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) I 11 --------^--------- ί請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> Τ I I I I I I--I---I----I--- -60- 1156177 A7 B7 五、發明說明(58 ) 脂中的鉢進行活化者。此外,LED晶片亦係利用如同實施 例1所使用者。 相關本装置的組合,係在設有發光二極體之白色樹脂 框體2605的凹部内嵌入光吸收層2602後,在光吸收廣上凹 部内嵌入厚度2mm的導光板2603並予以固定。在光吸收層 2602與導光板2603間,則存在基本上可全反射的空氣層, 藉由此結構的面狀發光裝置,當流通電流而進行發光時, 如同上述實施例1般不致產生色斑,所設計圖案可顯示出 高亮度白色光等預期顏色的光。當電流流通於設置在樹脂 框體正下方型LED 26〇9時,可利用導光板2603確認來自 正下方型LED的發光。 (實施例15 ) 將設置在導光板之光吸收層的反射構件,取而代之吹 爲對導光板的發光觀視面施行凹凸加工成擴散元件,除此 之外,其餘均如同上述實施例13具相同結構的自發光型顯 示板。所形成的自發光型顯示板,相較於實施例13所述, 對來自較8¾者之發光^^極體的光,不致產生色斑。 產業上利用的可能性 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 如以上説明,本發明之面狀發光裝置可發出具麵色的光,即使長時 間高亮度使用發光效率亦極少劣化,且耐候性極佳。因此,可作需高可靠度的 車載用、航空產業用、港内浮標顯示用及高速公鳩幟照明等之^外顯示與照 明而開發其新用途。 .......
-61-

Claims (1)

  1. 92年3月 ¥ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A8 11 56 l^s7ll〇739A01號申請專利範圍修正;^ _ D8 六、申請專利範圍 1.<種面狀發光裝置,其特徵在於設有:(約具第一主面與第 一主面且在該第二主面上設有反射構件的導光板,及(b) 設於該導光板側端上,並透過含光致發光螢光體的塗覆 部而光學連接的半導體發光元件;將由來自該發光元件 的光,與吸收來自該發光元件之部分光且擁有波長不同 於所吸收光的波長,並由該光致發光螢光體所發出螢光 的混色光,由該導光板之第一主面釋放出的面狀發光 體;其中, (c) 該發光元件的發光層係由含in之氮化系化合物半 ----- ‘一. 導體所構成;且 (d) 該光致發光螢光體係含有由γ、Gd、La及Sm中至 少選擇一種之元素,與由Al、Ga及In中至少選擇一種之 元素所組成之以免Y與A1之鈽致活的石榴石系氧化物,且 含有相互間組成不同之二種以上的石榴石系氧化物; 該二以上螢光體各自所產生之二以上螢光,與該複 數發光元件的發光,可形成混合光。 2·—種面狀發光裝置,其特徵在於設有:(幻具第一主面與第 二主面且在該第二主面上設有反射構件的導光板,及(b) 設於該導光板側端上,並透過含光致發光螢光體的塗覆 部而光學連接的半導體發光元件;將由來自該發光元件 的光,與吸收來自該發光元件之部分光且擁有波長不同 於所吸收光的波長,並由該光致發光螢光體所發出榮光 的混色光,由該導光板之第一主面釋放出的面狀發光 體;其中, (dl)該光致發光螢光體係若被照射藍色系光的話, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
    -62- A8 B8 115 61忍10739A01號申請專利範圍修正g 92年3月 六、申請專利範圍 便發出黃色系光之含Y與A1且經鈽致活的銦·鋁·鎵, 並利用調整組成而可提升激勵發光效率。 3·—種面狀發光裝置,其特徵在於設有:(幻具第一主面與第 二主面且在該第二主面上設有反射構件的導光板,及(b) 設於該導光板側端上,並透過含光致發光螢光體的塗覆 部而光學連接的半導體發光元件;將由來自該發光元件 的光,與吸收來自該發光元件之部分光且擁有波長不同 於所吸收光的波長,並由該光致發光螢光體所發出螢光 的混色光,由該導光板之第一主面釋放出的面狀發光 體;其中, (d2)該光致發光螢光體係含有若射藍色系光被照的 話,便發出由綠色系至紅色系的光,且具有依(Rei_ rSmiOJAli.sGashO^Ce所不組成(其中,〇$r<i,〇SsSl, Re係至少由Y、Gd所中選擇一種),且隨Gd及/或Ga含量 可提升激勵發光效率的螢光體。 4.如申請專利範圍第1〜3項中任一項之面狀發光裝置,其中 該發光元件的發光光譜係在由420nm至490nm中具有峰 值波長,且由該導光板之第一主面可發出白色系光。 5 ·如申請專利範圍第1〜3項中任一項之面狀發光裝置,其中 該發光元件的發光層係InGaN。 6·如申請專利範圍第1〜3項中任一項之面狀發光裝置,其中 該反射構件係具有表現出顯示器形狀,同時在導光板的 第一主面上具有光吸收層。 7·—種液晶顯示裝置,其特徵在於··在申請專利範圍第1〜3項 中任一項所述之該導光板的第一主面上,排列液晶裝置。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210X297公楚) .............#私! (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -訂· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -63-
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