US8967811B2 - Solid state continuous white light source - Google Patents
Solid state continuous white light source Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8967811B2 US8967811B2 US13/741,476 US201313741476A US8967811B2 US 8967811 B2 US8967811 B2 US 8967811B2 US 201313741476 A US201313741476 A US 201313741476A US 8967811 B2 US8967811 B2 US 8967811B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- light
- housing
- illumination system
- plurality
- interior
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active, expires
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F21V9/16—
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/30—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0646—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements with illumination filters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0669—Endoscope light sources at proximal end of an endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0684—Endoscope light sources using light emitting diodes [LED]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/02—Cooling by forcing air or gas over or around the light source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/20—Cooling devices, cooling systems or arrangements thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/08—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters for producing coloured light, e.g. monochromatic; for reducing intensity of light
- F21V9/083—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters for producing coloured light, e.g. monochromatic; for reducing intensity of light for portable lighting devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/16—Microscopes adapted for ultra-violet illumination ; Fluorescence microscopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Other optical systems; Other optical apparatus
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
- G02B27/141—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using dichroic mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides
- G02B6/0001—Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides
- G02B6/0001—Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0003—Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being doped with fluorescent agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides
- G02B6/0001—Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
Abstract
Description
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/589,086, filed Jan. 20, 2012, entitled “SOLID STATE CONTINUOUS WHITE LIGHT SOURCE”; and
U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/644,921, filed May 9, 2012, entitled “SOLID STATE CONTINUOUS WHITE LIGHT SOURCE”, all of which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
The present application is related to the following patents and patent applications which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties:
U.S. Pat. No. 8,242,462, granted Jan. 1, 2010, entitled “Lighting Design of High Quality Biomedical Devices”; and
U.S. Pat. No. 7,846,391, granted Dec. 7, 2010, entitled “Bioanalytical Instrumentation Using A Light Source Subsystem,” U.S. Publication No. 2007/0281322 filed May 21, 2007; and
U.S. Pat. No. 7,709,811, granted May 4, 2010 entitled “Light Emitting Diode Illumination System,” U.S. Publication No. 2009/0008573 filed Jul. 2, 2008; and
U.S. Pat. No. 8,098,375, granted Jan. 17, 2012 entitled “Light Emitting Diode Illumination System,” U.S. Publication No. 2009/0040523 filed Aug. 5, 2008; and
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/012,658, filed Jan. 24, 2011 entitled “Light Emitting Diode Illumination System,” U.S. Publication No. 2011/0116261.
The present invention relates to lighting systems for life sciences applications including microscopy, endoscopy, and diagnostics and analytical applications. In particular the present invention relates to solid state light sources for microscopy, endoscopy, and fluorescence imaging.
Light is a powerful tool in many of today's most widely used life science instruments, including microscopes, endoscopes, analytical instruments, diagnostic instruments, medical devices and miniaturized analyzers. Reliable high intensity, low cost light engines are essential to the design and proliferation of these life science instruments.
Lighting for life sciences is a broad and general category. The specifications for the power and spectral content of the light are varied and so too are the equally important optical delivery requirements. Spectral and spatial lighting requirements for sensing on the head of an optical probe or within a single cell in a flowing stream differ in output power by orders of magnitude from the requirements of a multi-analyte detection scheme on an analysis chip or within the wells of a micro-titer plate. The number of colors, spectral purity, spectral and power stability, durability and switching requirements are each unique. Illuminating hundreds of thousands of spots for quantitative fluorescence within a micro-array may be best served by projection optics while microscopes set demanding specifications for light delivery to overfill the back aperture of the microscope objective within optical trains specific to each scope body and objective design.
Arc lamps are noted to be flexible sources in that they provide white light. The output is managed, with numerous optical elements, to select for the wavelengths of interest and, for typical fluorescence based instruments, to discriminate against the emission bands. However arc lamps are notorious for instability, lack of durability, large power demands, large size, and significant heat management requirements, which make them less than ideal for life science instruments and particularly portable instruments.
Lasers can provide high power coherent light in particular colors dependent upon their design. Lasers require a trained user and significant safety precautions. While solid state red outputs are cost effective, the shorter wavelength outputs are typically costly, require significant maintenance and ancillary components. Color balance and drift for multi-line outputs is a serious complication to quantitative analyses based on lasers. Moreover, the bulk of fluorescence applications do not need coherent light, are complicated by speckle patterns and do not require such narrow band outputs. Overcoming each of these traits requires light management and adds cost to the implementation of lasers for use in life science instruments.
LEDs (light-emitting diodes) have matured significantly within the last decades. LEDs are now available in a relatively wide range of wavelengths. Their output is broad, but, output in the visible spectrum is profoundly reduced in the green wavelengths, 500-600 nm (the so called “green gap”). LEDs presents trade-offs with respect to emission wavelength dependent intensity, broad emission spectrum (spectral half width on the order of 30 nm or more), poor spectral stability, and the wide angular range of emission. In addition, the process used to manufacture LED's cannot tightly control their spectral stability; anyone wishing to use LED's in applications requiring a good spectral stability typically works directly with a supplier to essentially hand-pick the LED's for the particular application. Moreover the spectral output of an LED varies with temperature. Also, LED's emit light over a wide angular range (50% of light intensity emitted at 70°). While optics can narrow the emission band and focus the light output, the resulting loss in power and increase in thermal output further complicates the use of LEDs in light engines.
Most importantly, the fundamental light source technologies (e.g. lasers and LEDs) cannot be readily improved for bioanalytical applications. The light engine market simply does not justify the large investment necessary to overcome fundamental performance limitations in the lasers and LEDs themselves. Moreover the numerous manufacturers of lamps and lasers provide only a source, not an integrated light engine. Companies such as ILC Technology, Lumileds, Spectra-Physics, Sylvania and CoolLED, Ltd. produce light engines which require some sort of mechanics and or electro-optics such as acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs), excitation filters (with a wheel or cube holder), shutters and controllers. As a result, the performance and price of life science instruments instrument is constrained by the available light source technologies and light engines which utilize them. Accordingly there is a need for solid state light engines which overcome the limitations of the present technology.
The present invention provides a solid state light engine for life science applications including variations suitable for use in microscopes, endoscopes, analytical instruments, diagnostic instruments, medical devices and miniaturized analyzers. The solid state light engine is an inexpensive lighting solution, uniquely well suited to the production of safe, effective and commercially viable life science instruments and biomedical devices. In an embodiment of the invention, this light engine can provide powerful, pure, stable, inexpensive light across the visible spectrum. Light engines are designed to directly replace the entire configuration of light management components with a single, simple unit. Power, spectral breadth and purity, stability and reliability data demonstrates the advantages of these light engines for today's life science instrument needs. Performance and cost analyses are superior to traditional optical subsystems based on lamps, lasers and LEDs with respect to their suitability as sources for life sciences applications, implementation for development/evaluation of novel measurement tools and overall superior reliability. Using solid state light engines of the present invention, the demand for portable, hand-held analyzers and disposable devices with highly integrated light sources can be fulfilled.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a solid state white-light engine suitable for use as a replacement for conventional arc light, Metal Halide and Xenon white-light subsystems for applications in life sciences including, for example, microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and endoscopy. In particular embodiments, the solid state light engine generates white light which is continuous in the visible spectrum from 380 nm to 650 nm. In particular embodiments the solid state white-light engine incorporates one or more light pipe engines.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the light engine emits high quality white light having a color rendering index greater than 85. In an embodiment of the present invention, the output of light engine can be pulsed on and off as desired at high frequency. In an embodiment of the present invention, the output of light engine can be pulsed on and off in synchronization with light collection to allow time-based fluorescence detection.
In a particular embodiment the present invention is directed to a to a solid state white-light engine which emits white light having a spectral power equal to or greater than the spectral power of a 120 W metal halide lamp or 150 W Xenon lamp across substantially the entire visible spectrum from 380 nm to 650 nm. In particular embodiments the spectral power is greater than 1 mW/nm over the substantially the entire visible spectrum from 380 nm to 650 nm and greater than 3 mW/nm over the range from 500-600 nm.
In a particular embodiment the present invention is directed to a solid state light engine which has a plurality of LED light sources and is capable of emitting light having a spectral power equal to or greater than the spectral power of a 120 W metal halide lamp or 150 W Xenon lamp across substantially the entire visible spectrum from 380 nm to 650 nm. The LED light sources can be selectable controlled in order to select the spectral power distribution of the light output.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to an improved system for cooling the light sources of a light engine which reduces contamination of the light sources and optical pathway from cooling airflow. The system includes means for transmission of heat away from LED light sources and light pipe engines to a remote heat sink.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the various embodiments, when read in light of the accompanying drawings.
Various embodiments of the present invention can be described in detail based on the following figures.
In the figures common reference numerals are used to indicate like elements throughout the drawings and detailed description; therefore, reference numerals used in a drawing may or may not be referenced in the detailed description specific to such drawing if the associated element is described elsewhere. The first digit in a three digit reference numeral indicates the series of figures in which the referenced item first appears. Likewise the first two digits in a four digit reference numeral.
While lighting manufacturers cannot provide all things to all applications, it is precisely this breadth of demand for which a light engine can be designed. To that end, products are not simple sources, but rather light engines: sources and all the ancillary components required to provide pure, powerful, light to the sample or as close to it as mechanically possible. Such designs have resulted in products that embody a flexible, hybrid solution to meet the needs of the broad array of applications for biotech. A qualitative comparison of light engine performance as a function of source technology is summarized in Table 1.
TABLE I A qualitative comparison of light engine performance as function of the source technology employed. Source Useable Temporal Heat Technology Light Uniformity Response Generation Durability Cost Arc Lamp med poor none high low high Laser high poor none low low very high LED low poor fast low high medium Tungsten low poor none medium low medium Light Pipe high high fast low high low
Light Pipe Engines
While no one lighting solution can best satisfy all instrument architectures, a light pipe engine combines the best of solid state technologies to meet or outperform the traditional technologies listed in Table I on the basis of all figures of merit for all individual wavelengths. Key to this performance is the light pipe architecture. Single outputs, such as red from a diode laser, may be competitive. However, no family of outputs can by assembled that bests the light pipe engines disclosed herein. In an embodiment of the invention, a light pipe engine can emit narrowband light exceeding 500 mW/color with intensifies up to 10 W/cm2 depending on the application. In an embodiment of the invention, bandwidths as narrow as 10 nm are achievable. While such output power and overall emission intensity is impressive, the most significant figure of merit for quantifying the value of any lighting subsystem for bio-analytics is the intensity of high quality illumination provided to the sample. This is a factor dictated by the instrument design and sample volume and clearly very application specific.
In the case of medical devices and portable diagnostics the present light pipe invention offers a smart alternative for light generation. The light pipe engine is an optical subsystem; it consists of lamp modules for each discrete output based on solid state technologies tailored to best satisfy that output requirement complete with collection and delivery optics. The capabilities of the light pipe engine are highlighted in Table 2. The high performance illumination provided by the light pipe engine is embodied in a single compact unit designed to replace the entire ensemble of lighting components. The sources, excitation filters, multicolor switching capabilities and fast pulsing are contained within one box such that no external optics or mechanics are required.
TABLE II
Light pipe engine metrics of light pipe engines designed to meet
the needs for portable fluorescence assays and biomedical devices.
Key Metrics:
Spectral Output
Up to eight colors spanning UV-Vis-NIR
>_ 100 mW/spectral band
1-10 W/cm
Peak Wavelength
Optimal for different floors, adjustable bandwidths
Power Stability
>99% over 24 hours
Spectral Width
10 to 50 nm
Spectral Drift
<1% in 24 hours
Color Dependence
None
Lifetime
>5000 hrs
Footprint
amenable to portability
Maintenance
None, no consumable components for the light
engine's lifetime
In various embodiments of the present invention, a lamp emits wavelengths of light, which excite fluorescence from photosensitive targets in the sample of interest. In various embodiments of the present invention, a lamp can be in the form of a tube, rod, or fiber of varying or constant diameter. In various embodiments of the present invention, a constituent light pipe can be made of glass, plastic, single or multiple inorganic crystal(s), or a confined liquid. In various embodiments of the present invention, a pipe either contains or is coated with a layer or layers containing, a narrow band luminescent material such as organic or inorganic compounds involving rare earths, transition metals or donor-acceptor pairs. In various embodiments of the present invention, a lamp emits confined luminescence when excited by IR, UV, or visible light from an LED, Laser, fluorescent tube, arc lamp, incandescent lamp or other light source. In an embodiment of the present invention, a lamp operates through the process of spontaneous emission, which results in a much larger selection of available wavelengths than is available for efficient stimulated emission (laser action). A number of lamps each emitting one or more color of light can have their constituent light pipes coupled in parallel or in series acting to produce multiple colors simultaneously or in sequence. Lamps can be illuminated continuously or can be pulsed on and off rapidly to enable time-based detection methods. A lamp can be switched off between measurements, to eliminate the heat output. This can be contrasted with alternatives such as arc lamps or lasers that are unstable unless they are operated continuously.
Shown in
The light pipe geometry provides a unique opportunity to shape and direct the angular and spatial range of outputs. Combined with a high output power, the delivery optics can be readily tailored to couple the light with various instruments and analyzers. Sensors, optical probes, microscope objectives or through liquid light guides, two-dimensional oligomer and micro fluidic chips, and micro titer plates are all illumination fields that light pipe engines can readily support. Moreover, high output power enables illumination of large areas within a chip, micro array or micro titer plate and, as a result, support high-speed throughput in instruments where to date only scanning modes of operation could be envisioned.
The preferred mode of light pipe excitation is the application of one or more LED's. This approach takes advantages of the benefits of LED illumination: low cost, durability, and, at an appropriate excitation wavelength, high output power to drive the light pipe. In so doing the LED's shortcomings are managed. The lack of spectral stability and the high angular output characteristic of LED's do not impact the luminescence of the light pipe. Instead, the innovation of the light pipe enables circumvention of the principle of etendue conservation. All light sources must conform to this dictate, which requires the spread of light from a source never exceed the product of the area and the solid angle. Etendue cannot decrease in any given optical system.
The ability to modulate solid-state source outputs provides a unique opportunity for multiplexed fluorescent assays. Current light engine designs employ solid state materials with fast luminescence (approximately 10 ns.) The light pipe and LED have similar modulation capabilities thus multiple light pipes tuned to different output wavelengths can be employed to selectively detect multiple fluorescent tags within a given analysis. In addition, pulse modulation and phase modulation techniques enable fluorescence lifetime detection and afford improved signal to noise ratios. Each of the solid state units is truly off when it is off so low background signals and high contrast ratios are possible.
Table III shows an embodiment of the present light pipe engine invention's product and performance features. As improvements are made to LED's and the cost of semiconductor lasers continue to decline, the tool chest of options available to light lipe engines will continue to evolve. The desired light engine can ultimately be powered by a combination of light pipe, LED's and lasers. The knowledge and competency to integrate any of these lighting technologies into the delivery optics supports the requirements of each specific application and provides technical and commercial value.
TABLE III The light pipe engine feature set. Wavelengths UV-Vis-NIR Colors Up to eight Intensity 1-10 W/cm2 Bandwidths Adjustable Size Compact Ease of Use Yes Modulation Up to 5 kHz Color control Independent System Control Manual or computer Heat output Minimal Life time Long
Spectral Bands and Output Power
In various embodiments of the present invention, the light pipe engine performs well compared with the output power across the visible spectrum to other lamps (see
Such output comparisons are further complicated by mismatches between the spikes of the metal halide bulb and light pipe light engine output bands, However, noting such disparities it is fair to claim the outputs of the light engine across the visible spectrum compare well against the outputs of a metal halide bulb in spectral windows that match the excitation energies of some of the most commonly used fluors for biotech: around 390 nm where DAPI and Hoescht can be excited; in the window most commonly associated with a cyan line of an argon ion laser and often used to excite Alexa dyes, green fluorescent proteins and fluoresceins; and in the red where neither of the lamps provides appreciable power for the likes of Cy5. The light engine also bests the Xenon lamp across the palate of excitation wavelengths most common to biotech: the Xenon lamp underperforms particularly in the violet, cyan, blue and red regions of the visible spectrum. Of course, more powerful Xenon lamps are often employed to provide enhanced performance at a significant maintenance cost.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as seen in
Alternatively, a light pipe engine can be employed in a short duty cycle mode for power starved applications. When feasible, pulse widths of less than 100 ms at 10% duty cycles can actually improve the power output per band by a factor of 1.5 to 2.0 over longer duty cycles or in continuous mode of operation. Applications that employ multiple lasers and acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) but need safe, cost effective and easy to employ lighting solutions might benefit from such light engine performance. Fluorescence microscopy for multicolor detection could take advantage of this option, for example. As could numerous other bioanalytical platforms such as a light engine replacement for the optical excitation from AOTF-based multicolor fluorescence detection for short tandem repeat (STR) analysis in a micro-eletrophoretic device, a glass microchip.
Fast Switching
Because of the solid state nature and independently operable designs of the lamp modules, coupled to fast (approximately 10 ns) decay times of typical materials employed, a light pipe based light engine outperforms any broad spectrum source in terms of support for fast analyses. Lamp based sources are coupled to filters and/or shutters with mechanical supports that relegate them 1 to 50 millisecond regimes. Even LED based lamps require filtering for most quantitative fluorescence based analyses. The light pipe based light engine incorporates all that filtering into its highly integrated design. Therefore switching times are limited today by the electronics of the boards controlling the sources. Rise times of less than 20 μs and fall times of less than 2 μs are typical (see
Stability
Because a light pipe based light engine is based on solid state technologies, they are extremely stable both in short duration experiments and over long term use.
Eight Color Light Engine Subsystem
The light engine subsystem is designed to interface to the array of bioanalytical tools with the expectation that the end user can take for granted the high quality of the illumination. Table IV summarizes four bioanalytical applications for which light engines including light pipes could replace more traditional illumination subsystems and offer performance and cost advantages. For example, Kohler illumination in transmitted light microscopy requires that the light be focused and collimated down the entire optical path of the microscope to provide optimal specimen illumination. Even light intensity across a fairly large plane is a critical requirement. For stereomicroscopy, lighting is achieved with ring-lights at the objective and fiber optic lights pointed at the specimen from the side. In both cases, the light engine must efficiently couple to a fiber optic cable.
TABLE IV
Performance and cost analysis of the light pipe engine vs. traditional
illumination subsystems in four key bioanalytical applications
Fluorescence
specification
Sanger Sequencing
Q-PCR
Flow Cytometry
Microscopy
Light engine
Light
Ar Ion
Light
Metal
Light
Lasers
Light
Metal
Pipe
Laser
Pipe
Halide
Pipe
Pipe
Halide
Intensity
150-250
150-250
0.5-1
0.2-1,
150-250
150-250
<50
1-50,
W/cm2
very λ
very λ
specific
specific
Wavelength
505 nm
multiline
4 colors
>2 colors
4 colors
Bandwidth,
10-30
26
10-30
15
10-30
<5
10-30
15
nm
Stability
0.1%
>1%
0.1%
>1%
0.1%
>1%
0.1%
>1%
Switching,
<0.03
1-10,
<0.03
40, ext.
<0.03
1-10,
<0.03
40, ext.
ms
ext.
shutter
ext.
shutter
shutter
shutter
MTBF, hrs
>10,000
<4,000
>10,000
<1,000
>10,000
<4,000
>10,000
<1,500
Price
<$3K
>$5K
<$7.5K
>$10K
<$5K
>$5K
<$7.5K
>$10K
For portable diagnostic tools, the delivery optics must provide even illumination over a small volume. These requirements are similar to, but less restrictive than those presented by capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis requires an intense (10 mW) light focused onto the side of a capillary tube with characteristic dimensions on the order of a 350 pm outer diameter and a 50 pro inner diameter. To achieve this goal, the delivery optics were comprised of a ball lens to collect and collimate light from the lamp module (already coupled into an optical fiber), a bandpass filter to provide a narrow bandwidth of illumination, and an aspheric lens to focus the light at the center of the capillary bore. This approach yielded an 80 pin spot size and the desired 10 mW of delivered power to the capillary tube.
The design of delivery optics for microfluidic immunoassays requires both the even illumination required for optical microscopy and the small volume illumination required for capillary electrophoresis. Light engines capable of delivering even illumination at the active sites in a microfluidic array for detection of fluorescent tagged biomarkers have been designed for immunochemical as well as genomic applications. The advantages of the luminescent light pipe are providing commercial, readily available light engine solutions for illumination-detection platforms optimized for portable diagnostic tools.
Solid State Source of Continuous White Light
In a preferred embodiment the total output power is approximately 2.5 W. Advantageously, the spectral power of the solid state illumination system 600 is equal to or greater than the spectral power of a 120 W metal halide lamp or 150 W Xenon lamp across substantially the entire visible spectrum from 380 nm to 650 nm. This solid state light source of the present invention is substantially different that prior art devices for microscopy that provide light of a selected color for microscopy rather than providing continuous spectrum white light which can be externally filtered downstream—for example using filter systems previous only suitable for arc lamps—thus the user can utilize a broad range of commercially available filters. This provides the most flexibility to the user in utilizing the light output.
Filter system 620 includes one or more light filters 622 which can be placed in the path of the white light exiting from aperture 634. As shown in
Flexible fiber optic 610 is used to connect solid state light engine 630 to an optical system such as a microscope or endoscope. Adapters are provided to connect flexible fiber optic 610 to a range of microscope, endoscope and/or other desired optical systems requiring illumination. Flexible fiber optic 610 transmits light from solid state light engine 630 along its length to the optical system through optical fibers and or a liquid medium. Flexible fiber optic 610 is in some case connected between solid state light engine 630 and filter system 620 (for example where filter system 620 is mounted directly to a microscope. In other cases, flexible fiber optic 610 is connected to a coupling of filter system 620 as shown in
The light engine subsystem is designed to interface to the array of bioanalytical tools with the expectation that the end user can take for granted the high quality of the illumination. Table IV (above) summarizes four bioanalytical applications for which light engines including light pipes could replace more traditional illumination subsystems and offer performance and cost advantages. For example, Kohler illumination in transmitted light microscopy requires that the light be focused and collimated down the entire optical path of the microscope to provide optimal specimen illumination. Even light intensity across a fairly large plane is a critical requirement. For stereomicroscopy, lighting is achieved with ring-lights at the objective and fiber optic lights pointed at the specimen from the side. In both cases, the light engine must efficiently couple to a fiber optic cable and thence to the particular bioanalytical tool.
Housing 631 also contains a fan 650, controller 652, and power supply 654. Housing 631 can also contain one or more sensors (not shown) to analyze the spectral content of light beam 648. Power supply can be an AC/DC transformer for wired applications or may alternatively be a battery for portable applications.
LED light sources 644 and light pipe engine 642 are selected to provide different color components of the spectral content of the continuous white light output. In a preferred embodiment there are five LED light sources 644 each producing a different color component of the continuous white light output. The output wavelengths of the sources overlap and combine to some extent contributing the overall spectral output of the solid state light engine 630. The LED light sources are ganged together and with the light pipe engine 642. In embodiments the LED light sources 644 and light pipe engine 642 produce spectral components centered on colors violet 395 nm, blue 425-460 nm, cyan 460-500 nm, teal 515 nm, green 500-615 nm, and red/orange 615-685 nm. All of LED light sources 644 and light pipe engine 642 are turned on at the same time such that the different colors are combined to create a substantially continuous white light having a high color rendering index (CRI). In alternative embodiments, a second light pipe engine 642 can be used in place of one or more of the direct LED light sources 644.
In a preferred embodiment light pipe engine 642 is used to generate green (green and yellow) light spanning 500-600 nm. LED lights that emit green light at high power are notoriously difficult to create—the so-called green gap. Thus light pipe engine 642 utilizes high power blue LED light sources to excite a luminescent rod which emits green light spanning 500-600 nm. In a preferred embodiment light pipe engine utilizes two arrays of 40 blue LEDs to excite emission of green light from the luminescent rod. A suitable light pipe engine 100 is described above with respect to
As shown in
Controller 652 communicates with software, cameras, microscopes, remote controls, and/or foot pedals to allow control of solid state light engine 630. For example in a preferred embodiment UNIBLITZ® command control is supported for on/off synchronization in place of an electronic shutter. For additional example, a remote control accessory can be used to facilitate control by allowing user operation without a dedicated computer or third party software. A remote control accessory can be compatible with 3rd party software control of the illuminator but simplifies light engine operation and reduces start up time. A camera interface provides exact synchronization in a complete imaging system. The camera interface to controller 652 eliminates lag time, minimizes photo-damage to sensitive samples, and ensures exposure of biological samples to only the required amount of light needed for a given experiment.
Because solid state light sources are used, the light engine can be turned on and off at a high switching speed not possible with arc lamps. For example, in an embodiment, the switching speed can be up to 5 kHz with turn on/off in approximately 10 μs. The high switching speed enable light blanking during frame readout thereby minimizing photobleaching during sample illumination and prolonging sample life. The short warm-up time of the system and superior stability of the solid state light sources provide for highly reproducible output power as well as a long expected lifetime greater than 15,000 hours without the need for arc lamp alignment, installation and replacement. Moreover, the solid state light engine also produces less heat, thus reducing the power and cooling requirements of the system as compared to arc lamp systems.
In alternative embodiments, controller 652 can be designed to control LED light sources 644 and light pipe engine 642 individually (on/off and intensity) such that the spectral content of the output light can be modulated and/or changed in color. Moreover, in an alternative embodiment, filter system 620 can be integrated into housing 631 such that filters 622 can be inserted into the output light path manually (for example through a slot in the housing) or under the control of controller 652 (for example a motorized-controlled filter wheel).
The foregoing description of the various embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to the practitioner skilled in the art. Embodiments were chosen and described in order to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention, the various embodiments and with various modifications that are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Solid State Illumination System
The solid state illumination system 700 is designed to interface to the array of bioanalytical tools with the expectation that the end user can take for granted the high quality of the illumination. Table IV (above) summarizes four bioanalytical applications for which light engines including light pipes could replace more traditional illumination subsystems and offer performance and cost advantages. For example, Kohler illumination in transmitted light microscopy requires that the light be focused and collimated down the entire optical path of the microscope to provide optimal specimen illumination. Even light intensity across a fairly large plane is a critical requirement. For stereomicroscopy, lighting is achieved with ring-lights at the objective and fiber optic lights pointed at the specimen from the side. In both cases, the light engine must efficiently couple to a fiber optic cable and thence to the particular bioanalytical tool.
In a preferred embodiment the total optical output power is approximately 2.5 W. Advantageously, the spectral power of the solid state illumination system 700 is equal to or greater than the spectral power of a 120 W metal halide lamp or 150 W Xenon lamp across substantially the entire visible spectrum from 380 nm to 650 nm. If needed, the user can utilize a broad range of commercially available filters. This provides the most flexibility to the user in utilizing the light output. The solid state illumination system 700 includes an adapter for coupling the output of solid state illumination system 700 into a light guide, for example a liquid light guide or fiber optic light guide for transmission to an endoscope or microscope.
The cooling requirements for a solid state illumination system are substantially different than that for an incandescent light source. Incandescent lights typically release 90% or so of the heat they generate to their environment through radiation in the infrared and less than 10% through conduction. In comparison, LEDs typically release 90% or so of the heat they generate to their environment through conduction and less than 10% through conduction. Thermal dissipation is a key factor that limits the power output of an LED light source. Even though LEDs bulbs are considerably more efficient at converting electrical energy into light than incandescent light sources, but the LED components and the driver electronics can still create a considerable amount of heat. If this heat is not dissipated properly, the LED's quality of light, emission spectra, and life expectancy decrease dramatically. Thus, it is important in a solid state illumination system relying on LEDs to provide a solution for conductive cooling of the LEDs.
Referring first to
Light pipe engine 740, three LED light sources 741, 742, 743, and two solid state laser light sources 744, 745 are selected to provide different color components of the spectral content of the light output. In a preferred embodiment the three LED light sources 741, 742, 743 each produce a different color component of the continuous light output. The output wavelengths of the sources overlap and combine to some extent contributing the overall spectral output of the solid state illumination system 700. In an alternative embodiment, one or more of light pipe engine 740, three LED light sources 741, 742, 743 is provided with a manual or electromechanical filter slider (see, e.g. 512 of
As previously described the cooling air from fans 714 is not circulated in the upper portion of housing 708. However, the solid state light sources including light pipe engine 740, three LED light sources 741, 742, 743, and two solid state laser light sources 744, 745 generate a heat during operation. This heat must be removed such that the temperature of the solid state light sources is maintained at a desired level. In prior devices, the individual solid state light sources were provided with individual finned heat sinks and air was passed over the heat sinks using a common or individual fan to remove heat—however, this cooling system allowed for the entry of dust and/or other contaminants into the light sources and onto the optical components. The dust and/or other contaminants could cause a number of problems including: reduction in optical efficiency, scattering of light within housing 708, burning, and burning odor.
In the solid state illumination system 700 shown in
In the control system embodiment shown in
The solid state illumination system generates powerful, white and/or multi-color, stable, durable light. The illumination can be tuned to match any color temperature of interest. This is particularly important for minimally invasive surgery where RGCB components can be balanced for maximum signal/noise and contrast. Simultaneously, fluorophore excitation may be superimposed on the general field producing superior image quality as well as optical selectivity. In a typical embodiment, light pipe engine 740 produces 3.0 Watts of green light output (wavelength 500-615 nm); and LED light sources 741, 742, 743 produce 1.8 Watts of blue light output (wavelength 425-460 nm), 0.9 Watts of cyan light output (460-500 nm), and 1.8 Watts of red light output 615-685. All of light pipe engine 740 and three LED light sources 741, 742, 743 can be turned on at the same time such that the different colors are combined to create a substantially continuous white light having a high color rendering index (CRI). Solid state laser light sources 744, 745 can produce near infrared light for fluorescence excitation for example 6.0 W of narrowband red at 785-880 nm.
Referring first to
In a preferred embodiment light pipe engine 740 is used to generate green (green and yellow) light spanning 500-600 nm. LED lights that directly emit green light at high power are notoriously difficult to create—the so-called green gap. Thus light pipe engine 740 utilizes high power blue LED light sources to excite a luminescent rod 820 which emits green light spanning 500-600 nm. In a preferred embodiment light pipe engine 740 utilizes two linear arrays of LED dies including forty light emitting diodes to excite emission of green light from the luminescent rod 820. Additional light pipe engines are also described in the Related Applications listed above and incorporated herein by reference. The luminescent rod 820 of the light pipe engine 740 requires cooling during operation and can be convectively cooled as previously described or conductively cooled by being clamped into contact with a metal pedestal heat sink (for example a copper/aluminum/steel heat sink). For example luminescent rod 820 can reach 200° C. during operation as a result of heating by the LEDs and also the stokes energy released during the absorption of blue light and emission of green light. Light pipe engine 740 operating to generate green light allows the solid state illumination system 700 to produce an output in the green and amber bands that is the same or greater than commonly used arc lamps (see, e.g.
As shown in
As shown in
Referring again to
As shown in
As shown in
The illuminations systems and components thereof described herein may, with suitable adaptation, find application in a range of applications including: life science applications which cover a range of white light and/or fluorescence analyses and quantitation; microscopy; fluorescence microscopy; high content screening; genetic expression analysis; digital pathology; and endoscopy.
Other features, aspects and objects of the invention can be obtained from a review of the figures and the claims. It is to be understood that other embodiments of the invention can be developed and fall within the spirit and scope of the invention and claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261589086P true | 2012-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | |
US201261644921P true | 2012-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | |
US13/741,476 US8967811B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/741,476 US8967811B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130188388A1 US20130188388A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
US8967811B2 true US8967811B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
Family
ID=48797037
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/741,474 Active US9642515B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
US13/741,476 Active 2033-08-17 US8967811B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
US13/741,483 Active 2033-09-30 US8967846B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
US13/741,480 Active 2033-09-22 US9103528B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/741,474 Active US9642515B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/741,483 Active 2033-09-30 US8967846B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
US13/741,480 Active 2033-09-22 US9103528B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-01-15 | Solid state continuous white light source |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US9642515B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150184835A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-07-02 | Raytheon Company | Adaptive multi-wavelength laser illuminator |
US20150205191A1 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-23 | Lite-On Technology Corporation | Pico projection fixing module |
US20160053981A1 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2016-02-25 | Sony Corporation | Light source apparatus and image display apparatus |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8098375B2 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2012-01-17 | Lumencor, Inc. | Light emitting diode illumination system |
US8998468B2 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2015-04-07 | Lumencor, Inc. | Solid state light source with hybrid optical and electrical intensity control |
US9217561B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2015-12-22 | Lumencor, Inc. | Solid state light source for photocuring |
US9933308B2 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2018-04-03 | GE Lighting Solutions, LLC | Method for determining spectrally tuned mixed-color LED light engines |
CN106574755A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2017-04-19 | 奥林巴斯株式会社 | Light source device |
US20160166136A1 (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-16 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Thermal management for medical devices and related methods of use |
DE102015108217B3 (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-09-22 | Heine Optotechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | Technique for adjusting the brightness of LED lamps |
DE102015111282A1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-19 | Stiftung Caesar Center Of Advanced European Studies And Research | A method for observing a chemical and / or biological process |
JP2017162580A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-14 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Lighting apparatus |
US20180028047A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-01 | Verily Life Sciences Llc | Tunable color-temperature white light source |
Citations (209)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1998054A (en) | 1931-05-20 | 1935-04-16 | Du Pont | Cinema screen |
US3313337A (en) | 1965-08-12 | 1967-04-11 | Da Lite Screen Company Inc | Projection screen construction |
US3637285A (en) | 1970-06-23 | 1972-01-25 | Stewart Filmscreen Corp | Reflex light reflector |
US3759604A (en) | 1970-09-18 | 1973-09-18 | Balzers Patent Beteilig Ag | Interference filter reflecting a certain wave length band within a given wave length range while letting pass other wave length bands of the range |
US3881800A (en) | 1972-03-30 | 1975-05-06 | Harris Intertype Corp | Multicolor image memory |
US3982151A (en) | 1967-10-23 | 1976-09-21 | Corning Glass Works | Optical information storage system |
US4003080A (en) | 1975-06-02 | 1977-01-11 | Laser Video, Inc. | Large screen video display systems and methods therefor |
GB2000173A (en) | 1977-06-24 | 1979-01-04 | Philips Nv | Luminescent screen |
US4298820A (en) | 1978-06-26 | 1981-11-03 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Luminescent screen |
US4371897A (en) | 1980-09-02 | 1983-02-01 | Xerox Corporation | Fluorescent activated, spatially quantitative light detector |
US4510555A (en) | 1984-02-27 | 1985-04-09 | Kei Mori | Ornamental lighting device |
US4539687A (en) | 1982-12-27 | 1985-09-03 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Semiconductor laser CRT |
US4602281A (en) | 1983-09-05 | 1986-07-22 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Automatic means for controlling dosage of illuminating light for picking-up image by endoscope assembly |
US4626068A (en) | 1982-07-29 | 1986-12-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Photoactive coating for hardening optical fibers |
US4642695A (en) | 1983-11-04 | 1987-02-10 | Yasuo Iwasaki | Projection cathode-ray tube having enhanced image brightness |
US4644141A (en) | 1984-10-12 | 1987-02-17 | Dragerwerk Ag | Infrared radiator |
US4657013A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1987-04-14 | Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung | Illuminance dosage device for an operation microscope |
US4695762A (en) | 1985-06-28 | 1987-09-22 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Electron beam pumped rod-like light emitters |
US4695732A (en) | 1984-05-18 | 1987-09-22 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electron lithography apparatus |
US4695332A (en) | 1982-12-27 | 1987-09-22 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Method of making a semiconductor laser CRT |
US4713577A (en) | 1985-12-20 | 1987-12-15 | Allied Corporation | Multi-layer faceted luminescent screens |
US4724356A (en) | 1986-10-10 | 1988-02-09 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., Inc. | Infrared display device |
US4798994A (en) | 1986-09-05 | 1989-01-17 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Low reflectance display device |
US4804850A (en) | 1986-03-14 | 1989-02-14 | Luminis Pty. Limited | Measurement of fluorescence |
US4852985A (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1989-08-01 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Illuminating device for microscopes |
US4937661A (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1990-06-26 | North American Philips Corporation | Projection television display tube and device having band pass interference filter |
US4995043A (en) | 1989-03-24 | 1991-02-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Thin-film electroluminescence apparatus including optical interference filter |
US5052016A (en) | 1990-05-18 | 1991-09-24 | University Of New Mexico | Resonant-periodic-gain distributed-feedback surface-emitting semiconductor laser |
US5089860A (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1992-02-18 | Deppe Dennis G | Quantum well device with control of spontaneous photon emission, and method of manufacturing same |
US5109463A (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1992-04-28 | Lee Ho Shang | Fiber optic lamp |
US5126626A (en) | 1990-03-29 | 1992-06-30 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Projection cathode ray tube |
US5128846A (en) | 1990-10-23 | 1992-07-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Light source |
US5137598A (en) | 1990-06-04 | 1992-08-11 | Itt Corporation | Thin film phosphor screen structure |
US5193015A (en) | 1989-10-05 | 1993-03-09 | Thorn Emi Plc | Cholesteric liquid crystal screen which reflects substantially all of the projected light |
US5200861A (en) | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-06 | U.S. Precision Lens Incorporated | Lens systems |
US5226053A (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1993-07-06 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Light emitting diode |
US5231533A (en) | 1991-02-15 | 1993-07-27 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. | Nonlinear optical element and uses thereof |
US5233372A (en) | 1990-10-16 | 1993-08-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Illuminating optical device |
US5249195A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1993-09-28 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Erbium doped optical devices |
US5285131A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1994-02-08 | University Of California - Berkeley | Vacuum-sealed silicon incandescent light |
US5289018A (en) | 1990-08-14 | 1994-02-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device utilizing cavity quantum electrodynamics |
US5312535A (en) | 1992-07-17 | 1994-05-17 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Capillary electrophoresis detection |
US5315128A (en) | 1993-04-30 | 1994-05-24 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Photodetector with a resonant cavity |
US5332892A (en) | 1991-07-25 | 1994-07-26 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Optical systems for bar code scanners |
US5345333A (en) | 1991-04-19 | 1994-09-06 | Unimat (Usa) Corporation | Illumination system and method for a high definition light microscope |
US5363398A (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1994-11-08 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Absorption resonant rare earth-doped micro-cavities |
US5416342A (en) | 1993-06-23 | 1995-05-16 | Cree Research, Inc. | Blue light-emitting diode with high external quantum efficiency |
US5416617A (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1995-05-16 | Thomson-Csf | Image projection display screen employing polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and electrochromic layer |
US5418584A (en) | 1992-12-31 | 1995-05-23 | Honeywell Inc. | Retroreflective array virtual image projection screen |
US5428476A (en) | 1994-04-07 | 1995-06-27 | Stewart Filmscreen Corporation | Wide angle rear projection lenticular lens system |
US5469018A (en) | 1993-07-20 | 1995-11-21 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US5475281A (en) | 1991-02-25 | 1995-12-12 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Cathode |
US5478658A (en) | 1994-05-20 | 1995-12-26 | At&T Corp. | Article comprising a microcavity light source |
US5489771A (en) | 1993-10-15 | 1996-02-06 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | LED light standard for photo- and videomicroscopy |
US5493177A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1996-02-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Sealed micromachined vacuum and gas filled devices |
US5500569A (en) | 1993-04-07 | 1996-03-19 | Instrumentarium Oy | Electrically modulatable thermal radiant source and method for manufacturing the same |
US5542016A (en) | 1993-05-05 | 1996-07-30 | Motorola, Inc. | Optical fiber light emitting apparatus |
US5644676A (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1997-07-01 | Instrumentarium Oy | Thermal radiant source with filament encapsulated in protective film |
US5658976A (en) | 1994-12-14 | 1997-08-19 | Basf Corporation | Pacification of optically variable pigments for use in waterborne coating compositions |
US5669692A (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1997-09-23 | Timex Corporation | Fiber optic lighting system |
US5671050A (en) | 1994-11-07 | 1997-09-23 | Zygo Corporation | Method and apparatus for profiling surfaces using diffracative optics |
US5674698A (en) | 1992-09-14 | 1997-10-07 | Sri International | Up-converting reporters for biological and other assays using laser excitation techniques |
US5690417A (en) | 1996-05-13 | 1997-11-25 | Optical Gaging Products, Inc. | Surface illuminator with means for adjusting orientation and inclination of incident illumination |
US5715083A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1998-02-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Screen for liquid crystal projector |
US5719391A (en) | 1994-12-08 | 1998-02-17 | Molecular Dynamics, Inc. | Fluorescence imaging system employing a macro scanning objective |
US5757014A (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1998-05-26 | Novartis Corporation | Optical detection device for analytical measurement of chemical substances |
US5781338A (en) | 1994-11-17 | 1998-07-14 | Carl Zeiss Stiftung | Microscope stage |
US5804919A (en) | 1994-07-20 | 1998-09-08 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US5803579A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1998-09-08 | Gentex Corporation | Illuminator assembly incorporating light emitting diodes |
US5808759A (en) | 1995-11-30 | 1998-09-15 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Projection type display including a holographic diffuser |
US5827438A (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1998-10-27 | Vaisala Oy | Electrically modulatable thermal radiant source with specific filament |
US5833827A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1998-11-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Capillary array electrophoresis system |
US5858562A (en) | 1994-10-13 | 1999-01-12 | Nec Corporation | Organic thin film electroluminescent device |
US5864426A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1999-01-26 | Magma, Inc. | Apparatus and method for increasing blue component gain from a video projection screen |
US5942319A (en) | 1994-12-13 | 1999-08-24 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Light absorptive antireflector |
US5955839A (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1999-09-21 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Incandescent microcavity lightsource having filament spaced from reflector at node of wave emitted |
US5984861A (en) | 1997-09-29 | 1999-11-16 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Endofluorescence imaging module for an endoscope |
US6110106A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2000-08-29 | Biomax Technologies, Inc. | Endoscopes and methods relating to direct viewing of a target tissue |
US6154282A (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2000-11-28 | Cytotelesis Inc. | Semiconductor based excitation illuminator for fluorescence and phosphorescence microscopy |
US6198211B1 (en) | 1994-07-20 | 2001-03-06 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US6204971B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-03-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Glass microspheres for use in films and projection screen displays and methods |
US6222673B1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2001-04-24 | Coherent, Inc. | Group-delay-dispersive multilayer-mirror structures and method for designing same |
US6293911B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 2001-09-25 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Fluorescent endoscope system enabling simultaneous normal light observation and fluorescence observation in infrared spectrum |
US6299338B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2001-10-09 | General Electric Company | Decorative lighting apparatus with light source and luminescent material |
US6304584B1 (en) | 1998-11-06 | 2001-10-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Blue diode-pumped solid-state-laser based on ytterbium doped laser crystals operating on the resonance zero-phonon transition |
US20010055208A1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-27 | Koichi Kimura | Optical element, optical light source unit and optical display device equipped with the optical light source unit |
US6366383B1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2002-04-02 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Relay optics for a deflection system, and a deflection system |
US6392341B2 (en) | 1993-07-20 | 2002-05-21 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display with a light distribution element |
US6404495B1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2002-06-11 | Corning Applied Technologies Corporation | System and method for molecular sample measurement |
US6422994B1 (en) | 1997-09-24 | 2002-07-23 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Fluorescent diagnostic system and method providing color discrimination enhancement |
US20020109844A1 (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2002-08-15 | Cepheid | Multi-channel optical detection system |
US6444476B1 (en) | 1998-05-29 | 2002-09-03 | Photonic Research Systems Limited | Luminescence assay using cyclical excitation wavelength sequence |
US20020127224A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | James Chen | Use of photoluminescent nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy |
WO2002080577A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-10 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Arrangement for the projection of a multi-coloured image onto a projection surface |
US20030007087A1 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Light source device and image capturing device |
US6513962B1 (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2003-02-04 | Getinge/Castle, Inc. | Illumination system adapted for surgical lighting |
US6517213B1 (en) | 1997-03-31 | 2003-02-11 | Idec Izumi Corporation | Indicator device and illumination device |
US6529322B1 (en) | 1999-01-27 | 2003-03-04 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | High contrast front and rear viewing surfaces for projection displays |
US20030044160A1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2003-03-06 | Jones Michieal L. | Waveguide based light source |
US6542231B1 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2003-04-01 | Thermo Finnegan Llc | Fiber-coupled liquid sample analyzer with liquid flow cell |
US6544734B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2003-04-08 | Cynthia G. Briscoe | Multilayered microfluidic DNA analysis system and method |
US20030095401A1 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2003-05-22 | Palm, Inc. | Non-visible light display illumination system and method |
US20030127609A1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2003-07-10 | Amer El-Hage | Sample analysis systems |
US6594075B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2003-07-15 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Microscope with electronic image sensor |
US6608332B2 (en) | 1996-07-29 | 2003-08-19 | Nichia Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device and display |
US20030160151A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-08-28 | Carlos Zarate | Imaging fluorometer for time resolved fluorescence |
US6614179B1 (en) | 1996-07-29 | 2003-09-02 | Nichia Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device with blue light LED and phosphor components |
US6614161B1 (en) | 1993-07-20 | 2003-09-02 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US6637905B1 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2003-10-28 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for providing backlighting utilizing a luminescent impregnated material |
US6642652B2 (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2003-11-04 | Lumileds Lighting U.S., Llc | Phosphor-converted light emitting device |
US6649432B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2003-11-18 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display utilizing mirrors exhibiting anomalous phase dispersion |
US20030230728A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-18 | Zhengshan Dai | Multiwavelength transilluminator for absorbance and fluorescence detection using light emitting diodes |
US20030233138A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-18 | Altus Medical, Inc. | Concentration of divergent light from light emitting diodes into therapeutic light energy |
US6674575B1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2004-01-06 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Transmitted light/lighting device for microscopes |
US6680569B2 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2004-01-20 | Lumileds Lighting U.S. Llc | Red-deficiency compensating phosphor light emitting device |
US6685341B2 (en) | 1994-04-06 | 2004-02-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light fixture having a multilayer polymeric film |
US6690467B1 (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2004-02-10 | Pe Corporation | Optical system and method for optically analyzing light from a sample |
US6717353B1 (en) | 2002-10-14 | 2004-04-06 | Lumileds Lighting U.S., Llc | Phosphor converted light emitting device |
US20040090794A1 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-13 | Ollett Scott H. | High intensity photocuring system |
US6747710B2 (en) | 2001-12-03 | 2004-06-08 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | Light valve projector architecture |
EP1426807A2 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2004-06-09 | Carl Zeiss SMS GmbH | Microscope with UV-semiconductor light source |
US6791629B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2004-09-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Lens systems for projection televisions |
US6791259B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2004-09-14 | General Electric Company | Solid state illumination system containing a light emitting diode, a light scattering material and a luminescent material |
US20040247861A1 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2004-12-09 | Imad Naasani | Functionalized fluorescent nanocrystal compositions and methods of making |
US20040264185A1 (en) | 2003-04-29 | 2004-12-30 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Light source |
US6869206B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2005-03-22 | Scott Moore Zimmerman | Illumination systems utilizing highly reflective light emitting diodes and light recycling to enhance brightness |
US6870165B2 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2005-03-22 | Biocal Technology, Inc. | Multi-color multiplexed analysis in a bio-separation system |
US20050116635A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Walson James E. | Multiple LED source and method for assembling same |
US20050146652A1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2005-07-07 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Light source device including a planar light source having a single, substantially continuous light emission area and display device incorporating the light source device |
US20050152029A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-14 | Olympus Corporation | Fluorescent microscope |
JP2005195485A (en) | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-21 | Olympus Corp | Confocal microscopic spectroscope |
US6926848B2 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2005-08-09 | Rhodia Electronics & Catalysts | Compound based on an alkaline-earth metal, sulphur and aluminium, gallium or indium, its method of preparation and its use as a phosphor |
US20050184651A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | Hong-Yuan Technology Co., Ltd. | Light emitting device and fabrication method thereof |
JP2005243973A (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-08 | Kyocera Corp | Light-emitting device and luminaire |
US20050201107A1 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-15 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Projector |
US20050201899A1 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2005-09-15 | Genewave | Device for supporting chromophore elements |
US6958245B2 (en) | 1996-04-25 | 2005-10-25 | Bioarray Solutions Ltd. | Array cytometry |
US20050236586A1 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2005-10-27 | Hartung Martin G | Radiation device |
US6960872B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2005-11-01 | Goldeneye, Inc. | Illumination systems utilizing light emitting diodes and light recycling to enhance output radiance |
US20050248839A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-10 | Olympus Corporation | Microscope fluorescence illumination apparatus |
US20050260676A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2005-11-24 | Chandler Don J | Precision fluorescently dyed particles and methods of making and using same |
US20050263679A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dielectric microcavity fluorosensors excited with a broadband light source |
US6981970B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2006-01-03 | Msq (M2) Ltd. | Device and method for treating skin |
US20060002131A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-05 | Schultz John C | Phosphor based illumination system having a plurality of light guides and a display using same |
US6991358B2 (en) | 2002-12-04 | 2006-01-31 | Advanced Display Inc. | Planar light source unit and display device |
US6995355B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2006-02-07 | Advanced Optical Technologies, Llc | Optical integrating chamber lighting using multiple color sources |
US20060030026A1 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-09 | Gustavo Garcia | Transilluminator having light emitting diode (LED) array |
JP2006049814A (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2006-02-16 | Kyocera Corp | Light emitting device and illumination system |
US7011421B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2006-03-14 | Ilight Technologies, Inc. | Illumination device for simulating neon lighting through use of fluorescent dyes |
US20060060872A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Edmond John A | High output group III nitride light emitting diodes |
US20060060879A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Edmond John A | High ouput small area group III nitride leds |
US7035017B2 (en) | 2003-04-18 | 2006-04-25 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | System and method for telecentric projection lenses |
KR20060055934A (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-24 | 알티전자 주식회사 | White light emitting diode with a structure for amplifying light emitting and preparation method for the same |
US20060114960A1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Snee Preston T | Optical feedback structures and methods of making |
WO2006067885A1 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-29 | Kyocera Corporation | Light-emitting device and illuminating device |
US7083610B1 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2006-08-01 | Laserscope | Device for irradiating tissue |
US20060170931A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2006-08-03 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Biochemical sensors with micro-resonators |
KR20060089104A (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Optical system for multi-channel fluorescence measurement of microfluidic chip and multi-channel fluorescence sample analyzer |
US20060237658A1 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2006-10-26 | Alex Waluszko | Transilluminator with ultraviolet light emitting diode array |
WO2004114053A8 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2006-11-16 | Exodus Capital Llc | Methods and apparatus for ultra-violet stimulated displays |
US20060262283A1 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Light source apparatus and projection apparatus |
US7141801B2 (en) | 2002-12-26 | 2006-11-28 | Applied Precision, Llc | System and method of illuminating living cells for imaging |
US20060282137A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2006-12-14 | Nightingale John L | System and method utilizing guided fluorescence for high intensity applications |
US7153015B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2006-12-26 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | Led white light optical system |
US20070009210A1 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | Hulse George R | LED lighting system with helical fiber filament |
WO2006120586A3 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2007-03-08 | Peter A Duine | Lighting system comprising 2d led stack |
US7192161B1 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2007-03-20 | Ilight Technologies, Inc. | Fluorescent illumination device |
US20070064202A1 (en) | 2005-09-17 | 2007-03-22 | Carl Zeiss Ag | Arrangement for the illumination of a field |
US20070086006A1 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2007-04-19 | Ebersole Matthew D | Spectrometer for analysis of multiple samples |
US7211833B2 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2007-05-01 | Cree, Inc. | Light emitting diodes including barrier layers/sublayers |
US20070115647A1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2007-05-24 | Gekko Technology Limited | Lighting apparatus |
JP2007133435A (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2007-05-31 | Hayashi Soken:Kk | microscope |
US20070126017A1 (en) | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-07 | Lumileds Lighting U.S, Llc | Luminescent ceramic element for a light emitting device |
US7239449B2 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2007-07-03 | Sypro Optics Gmbh | Illumination module for color display |
US20070211460A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-13 | Ilya Ravkin | Multi-color LED light source for microscope illumination |
US20070253733A1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2007-11-01 | C.C.M. Beheer B.V. | Illumination System |
US20070281322A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2007-12-06 | Lumencor, Inc. | Bioanalytical instrumentation using a light source subsystem |
US20070279915A1 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent Volume Light Source With Air Gap Cooling |
US20070279914A1 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source with reflector |
US20070280622A1 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent light source having light recycling means |
US20070297049A1 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2007-12-27 | Carl Zeiss Microlmaging Gmbh | Illumination Device for Microscopes |
US7316497B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2008-01-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source |
US20080079910A1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source having multiple fluorescent species |
US7384797B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2008-06-10 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Resonant optical cavities for high-sensitivity high-throughput biological sensors and methods |
US7416313B2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2008-08-26 | Carl Zeiss Microimaging Gmbh | Assembly for illuminating objects with light of different wavelengths |
US7422356B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2008-09-09 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device |
US20080224024A1 (en) | 2003-07-23 | 2008-09-18 | Tir Systems Ltd. | Control system for an illumination device incorporating discrete light sources |
US7427146B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2008-09-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light-collecting illumination system |
US7445340B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2008-11-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polarized, LED-based illumination source |
US20080291446A1 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2008-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical sensing device |
US7498734B2 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2009-03-03 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Light emitting device with wavelength converted by phosphor |
US20090122533A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | LED backlighting system with closed loop control |
US7540616B2 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2009-06-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polarized, multicolor LED-based illumination source |
US20090196046A1 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source with active chromphore |
US20090268461A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-10-29 | Deak David G | Photon energy conversion structure |
US7633093B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2009-12-15 | Lighting Science Group Corporation | Method of making optical light engines with elevated LEDs and resulting product |
US7709811B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2010-05-04 | Conner Arlie R | Light emitting diode illumination system |
US7746560B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2010-06-29 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination optical system that uses a solid-state lighting element which generates white light, and an optical device equipped therewith |
US20100188017A1 (en) | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-29 | Brukilacchio Thomas J | Light emitting diode linear light for machine vision |
US7832878B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2010-11-16 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | Light emitting diode projection system |
US7837348B2 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2010-11-23 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Lighting system using multiple colored light emitting sources and diffuser element |
US7898665B2 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2011-03-01 | Lumencor, Inc. | Light emitting diode illumination system |
US20110157566A1 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-30 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Collimator lens unit, illuminating device, and projector |
US20120181936A1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-19 | Lumencor, Inc. | System and method for metered dosage illumination in a bioanalysis or other system |
US20120181937A1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-19 | Lumencor, Inc. | System and method for metered dosage illumination in a bioanalysis or other system |
US8231250B2 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2012-07-31 | Lighting Science Group Corporation | Warm white lighting device |
US8242462B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2012-08-14 | Lumencor, Inc. | Lighting design of high quality biomedical devices |
US8827507B2 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2014-09-09 | Cree, Inc. | Lighting assemblies, methods of installing same, and methods of replacing lights |
US8860049B2 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2014-10-14 | Seoul Semiconductor Co., Ltd. | Multi-light emitting diode package |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB943756A (en) | 1960-02-24 | 1963-12-04 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Electroluminescent light source and device |
JP2804873B2 (en) | 1992-12-17 | 1998-09-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | METHOD particle analyzer and particle analysis |
US20020136001A1 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-26 | Lsi Midwest Lighting Inc. | Low-profile fluorescent luminaire and methods of installation |
WO2005031436A1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-04-07 | Tidal Photonics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods relating to expanded dynamic range imaging endoscope systems |
US7758224B2 (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2010-07-20 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device |
KR20090082449A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2009-07-30 | 티아이알 테크놀로지 엘피 | Light source comprising a light-excitable medium |
CN101828139A (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2010-09-08 | 致茂电子股份有限公司;纳撒尼尔集团公司 | Light source having wavelength converting phosphors |
JP4862795B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2012-01-25 | 豊田合成株式会社 | The light source device |
EP2130484B1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2011-04-20 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Illumination device for use in endoscope |
JP5216429B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2013-06-19 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Light source device and an endoscope apparatus |
JP5468845B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2014-04-09 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Medical equipment |
DE102010013308A1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-09-29 | Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus for providing white illumination light |
-
2013
- 2013-01-15 US US13/741,474 patent/US9642515B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-15 US US13/741,476 patent/US8967811B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-15 US US13/741,483 patent/US8967846B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-15 US US13/741,480 patent/US9103528B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (240)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1998054A (en) | 1931-05-20 | 1935-04-16 | Du Pont | Cinema screen |
US3313337A (en) | 1965-08-12 | 1967-04-11 | Da Lite Screen Company Inc | Projection screen construction |
US3982151A (en) | 1967-10-23 | 1976-09-21 | Corning Glass Works | Optical information storage system |
US3637285A (en) | 1970-06-23 | 1972-01-25 | Stewart Filmscreen Corp | Reflex light reflector |
US3759604A (en) | 1970-09-18 | 1973-09-18 | Balzers Patent Beteilig Ag | Interference filter reflecting a certain wave length band within a given wave length range while letting pass other wave length bands of the range |
US3881800A (en) | 1972-03-30 | 1975-05-06 | Harris Intertype Corp | Multicolor image memory |
US4003080A (en) | 1975-06-02 | 1977-01-11 | Laser Video, Inc. | Large screen video display systems and methods therefor |
GB2000173A (en) | 1977-06-24 | 1979-01-04 | Philips Nv | Luminescent screen |
US4298820A (en) | 1978-06-26 | 1981-11-03 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Luminescent screen |
US4371897A (en) | 1980-09-02 | 1983-02-01 | Xerox Corporation | Fluorescent activated, spatially quantitative light detector |
US4626068A (en) | 1982-07-29 | 1986-12-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Photoactive coating for hardening optical fibers |
US4695332A (en) | 1982-12-27 | 1987-09-22 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Method of making a semiconductor laser CRT |
US4539687A (en) | 1982-12-27 | 1985-09-03 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Semiconductor laser CRT |
US4602281A (en) | 1983-09-05 | 1986-07-22 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Automatic means for controlling dosage of illuminating light for picking-up image by endoscope assembly |
US4642695A (en) | 1983-11-04 | 1987-02-10 | Yasuo Iwasaki | Projection cathode-ray tube having enhanced image brightness |
US4510555A (en) | 1984-02-27 | 1985-04-09 | Kei Mori | Ornamental lighting device |
US4695732A (en) | 1984-05-18 | 1987-09-22 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electron lithography apparatus |
US4644141A (en) | 1984-10-12 | 1987-02-17 | Dragerwerk Ag | Infrared radiator |
US4657013A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1987-04-14 | Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung | Illuminance dosage device for an operation microscope |
US4695762A (en) | 1985-06-28 | 1987-09-22 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Electron beam pumped rod-like light emitters |
US4713577A (en) | 1985-12-20 | 1987-12-15 | Allied Corporation | Multi-layer faceted luminescent screens |
US4804850A (en) | 1986-03-14 | 1989-02-14 | Luminis Pty. Limited | Measurement of fluorescence |
US4798994A (en) | 1986-09-05 | 1989-01-17 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Low reflectance display device |
US4724356A (en) | 1986-10-10 | 1988-02-09 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., Inc. | Infrared display device |
US4852985A (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1989-08-01 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Illuminating device for microscopes |
US4937661A (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1990-06-26 | North American Philips Corporation | Projection television display tube and device having band pass interference filter |
US4995043A (en) | 1989-03-24 | 1991-02-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Thin-film electroluminescence apparatus including optical interference filter |
US5193015A (en) | 1989-10-05 | 1993-03-09 | Thorn Emi Plc | Cholesteric liquid crystal screen which reflects substantially all of the projected light |
US5126626A (en) | 1990-03-29 | 1992-06-30 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Projection cathode ray tube |
US5052016A (en) | 1990-05-18 | 1991-09-24 | University Of New Mexico | Resonant-periodic-gain distributed-feedback surface-emitting semiconductor laser |
US5137598A (en) | 1990-06-04 | 1992-08-11 | Itt Corporation | Thin film phosphor screen structure |
US5089860A (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1992-02-18 | Deppe Dennis G | Quantum well device with control of spontaneous photon emission, and method of manufacturing same |
US5109463A (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1992-04-28 | Lee Ho Shang | Fiber optic lamp |
US5289018A (en) | 1990-08-14 | 1994-02-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device utilizing cavity quantum electrodynamics |
US5233372A (en) | 1990-10-16 | 1993-08-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Illuminating optical device |
US5128846A (en) | 1990-10-23 | 1992-07-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Light source |
US5493177A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1996-02-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Sealed micromachined vacuum and gas filled devices |
US5285131A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1994-02-08 | University Of California - Berkeley | Vacuum-sealed silicon incandescent light |
US5231533A (en) | 1991-02-15 | 1993-07-27 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. | Nonlinear optical element and uses thereof |
US5475281A (en) | 1991-02-25 | 1995-12-12 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Cathode |
US5345333A (en) | 1991-04-19 | 1994-09-06 | Unimat (Usa) Corporation | Illumination system and method for a high definition light microscope |
US5332892A (en) | 1991-07-25 | 1994-07-26 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Optical systems for bar code scanners |
US5200861A (en) | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-06 | U.S. Precision Lens Incorporated | Lens systems |
US5416617A (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1995-05-16 | Thomson-Csf | Image projection display screen employing polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and electrochromic layer |
US5226053A (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1993-07-06 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Light emitting diode |
US5249195A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1993-09-28 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Erbium doped optical devices |
US5312535A (en) | 1992-07-17 | 1994-05-17 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Capillary electrophoresis detection |
US5674698A (en) | 1992-09-14 | 1997-10-07 | Sri International | Up-converting reporters for biological and other assays using laser excitation techniques |
US5418584A (en) | 1992-12-31 | 1995-05-23 | Honeywell Inc. | Retroreflective array virtual image projection screen |
US5500569A (en) | 1993-04-07 | 1996-03-19 | Instrumentarium Oy | Electrically modulatable thermal radiant source and method for manufacturing the same |
US5315128A (en) | 1993-04-30 | 1994-05-24 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Photodetector with a resonant cavity |
US5542016A (en) | 1993-05-05 | 1996-07-30 | Motorola, Inc. | Optical fiber light emitting apparatus |
US5416342A (en) | 1993-06-23 | 1995-05-16 | Cree Research, Inc. | Blue light-emitting diode with high external quantum efficiency |
US6404127B2 (en) | 1993-07-20 | 2002-06-11 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Multi-color microcavity resonant display |
US5616986A (en) | 1993-07-20 | 1997-04-01 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US6614161B1 (en) | 1993-07-20 | 2003-09-02 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US5469018A (en) | 1993-07-20 | 1995-11-21 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US6392341B2 (en) | 1993-07-20 | 2002-05-21 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display with a light distribution element |
US5363398A (en) | 1993-09-30 | 1994-11-08 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Absorption resonant rare earth-doped micro-cavities |
US5489771A (en) | 1993-10-15 | 1996-02-06 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | LED light standard for photo- and videomicroscopy |
US6685341B2 (en) | 1994-04-06 | 2004-02-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light fixture having a multilayer polymeric film |
US5428476A (en) | 1994-04-07 | 1995-06-27 | Stewart Filmscreen Corporation | Wide angle rear projection lenticular lens system |
US5478658A (en) | 1994-05-20 | 1995-12-26 | At&T Corp. | Article comprising a microcavity light source |
US5644676A (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1997-07-01 | Instrumentarium Oy | Thermal radiant source with filament encapsulated in protective film |
US5715083A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1998-02-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Screen for liquid crystal projector |
US5804919A (en) | 1994-07-20 | 1998-09-08 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US6198211B1 (en) | 1994-07-20 | 2001-03-06 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display |
US5858562A (en) | 1994-10-13 | 1999-01-12 | Nec Corporation | Organic thin film electroluminescent device |
US5671050A (en) | 1994-11-07 | 1997-09-23 | Zygo Corporation | Method and apparatus for profiling surfaces using diffracative optics |
US5781338A (en) | 1994-11-17 | 1998-07-14 | Carl Zeiss Stiftung | Microscope stage |
US5719391A (en) | 1994-12-08 | 1998-02-17 | Molecular Dynamics, Inc. | Fluorescence imaging system employing a macro scanning objective |
US5942319A (en) | 1994-12-13 | 1999-08-24 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Light absorptive antireflector |
US5658976A (en) | 1994-12-14 | 1997-08-19 | Basf Corporation | Pacification of optically variable pigments for use in waterborne coating compositions |
US5757014A (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1998-05-26 | Novartis Corporation | Optical detection device for analytical measurement of chemical substances |
US5833827A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1998-11-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Capillary array electrophoresis system |
US5864426A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1999-01-26 | Magma, Inc. | Apparatus and method for increasing blue component gain from a video projection screen |
US5669692A (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1997-09-23 | Timex Corporation | Fiber optic lighting system |
US5827438A (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1998-10-27 | Vaisala Oy | Electrically modulatable thermal radiant source with specific filament |
US5808759A (en) | 1995-11-30 | 1998-09-15 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Projection type display including a holographic diffuser |
US6958245B2 (en) | 1996-04-25 | 2005-10-25 | Bioarray Solutions Ltd. | Array cytometry |
US5690417A (en) | 1996-05-13 | 1997-11-25 | Optical Gaging Products, Inc. | Surface illuminator with means for adjusting orientation and inclination of incident illumination |
US5803579A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1998-09-08 | Gentex Corporation | Illuminator assembly incorporating light emitting diodes |
US6608332B2 (en) | 1996-07-29 | 2003-08-19 | Nichia Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device and display |
US6614179B1 (en) | 1996-07-29 | 2003-09-02 | Nichia Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device with blue light LED and phosphor components |
US6293911B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 2001-09-25 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Fluorescent endoscope system enabling simultaneous normal light observation and fluorescence observation in infrared spectrum |
US6404495B1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2002-06-11 | Corning Applied Technologies Corporation | System and method for molecular sample measurement |
US5955839A (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1999-09-21 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Incandescent microcavity lightsource having filament spaced from reflector at node of wave emitted |
US6517213B1 (en) | 1997-03-31 | 2003-02-11 | Idec Izumi Corporation | Indicator device and illumination device |
US6422994B1 (en) | 1997-09-24 | 2002-07-23 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Fluorescent diagnostic system and method providing color discrimination enhancement |
US5984861A (en) | 1997-09-29 | 1999-11-16 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Endofluorescence imaging module for an endoscope |
US20050260676A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2005-11-24 | Chandler Don J | Precision fluorescently dyed particles and methods of making and using same |
US20020109844A1 (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2002-08-15 | Cepheid | Multi-channel optical detection system |
US6444476B1 (en) | 1998-05-29 | 2002-09-03 | Photonic Research Systems Limited | Luminescence assay using cyclical excitation wavelength sequence |
US20050146652A1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2005-07-07 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Light source device including a planar light source having a single, substantially continuous light emission area and display device incorporating the light source device |
US6110106A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2000-08-29 | Biomax Technologies, Inc. | Endoscopes and methods relating to direct viewing of a target tissue |
US6222673B1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2001-04-24 | Coherent, Inc. | Group-delay-dispersive multilayer-mirror structures and method for designing same |
US20030127609A1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2003-07-10 | Amer El-Hage | Sample analysis systems |
US6544734B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2003-04-08 | Cynthia G. Briscoe | Multilayered microfluidic DNA analysis system and method |
CA2280398C (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2009-01-20 | Lothar Lilge | A semiconductor based excitation illuminator for fluorescence and phosphorescence microscopy |
US6154282A (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2000-11-28 | Cytotelesis Inc. | Semiconductor based excitation illuminator for fluorescence and phosphorescence microscopy |
US6304584B1 (en) | 1998-11-06 | 2001-10-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Blue diode-pumped solid-state-laser based on ytterbium doped laser crystals operating on the resonance zero-phonon transition |
US6791259B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2004-09-14 | General Electric Company | Solid state illumination system containing a light emitting diode, a light scattering material and a luminescent material |
US6299338B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2001-10-09 | General Electric Company | Decorative lighting apparatus with light source and luminescent material |
US6513962B1 (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2003-02-04 | Getinge/Castle, Inc. | Illumination system adapted for surgical lighting |
US6529322B1 (en) | 1999-01-27 | 2003-03-04 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | High contrast front and rear viewing surfaces for projection displays |
US6366383B1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2002-04-02 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Relay optics for a deflection system, and a deflection system |
US6680569B2 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2004-01-20 | Lumileds Lighting U.S. Llc | Red-deficiency compensating phosphor light emitting device |
US6795239B2 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2004-09-21 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Transmitted light/lighting device for microscopes |
US6674575B1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2004-01-06 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Transmitted light/lighting device for microscopes |
US6204971B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-03-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Glass microspheres for use in films and projection screen displays and methods |
US7009211B2 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2006-03-07 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display utilizing mirrors exhibiting anomalous phase dispersion |
US6649432B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2003-11-18 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Resonant microcavity display utilizing mirrors exhibiting anomalous phase dispersion |
US6594075B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2003-07-15 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Microscope with electronic image sensor |
US6690467B1 (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2004-02-10 | Pe Corporation | Optical system and method for optically analyzing light from a sample |
US20050062404A1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2005-03-24 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Waveguide based light source |
US6843590B2 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2005-01-18 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | Waveguide based light source |
US20030044160A1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2003-03-06 | Jones Michieal L. | Waveguide based light source |
US7083610B1 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2006-08-01 | Laserscope | Device for irradiating tissue |
US20010055208A1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-27 | Koichi Kimura | Optical element, optical light source unit and optical display device equipped with the optical light source unit |
US6542231B1 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2003-04-01 | Thermo Finnegan Llc | Fiber-coupled liquid sample analyzer with liquid flow cell |
US7384797B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2008-06-10 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Resonant optical cavities for high-sensitivity high-throughput biological sensors and methods |
US6791629B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2004-09-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Lens systems for projection televisions |
US20030160151A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-08-28 | Carlos Zarate | Imaging fluorometer for time resolved fluorescence |
US20020127224A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | James Chen | Use of photoluminescent nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy |
WO2002080577A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-10 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Arrangement for the projection of a multi-coloured image onto a projection surface |
US20040090600A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2004-05-13 | Gertrud Blei | Arrangement for the projection of a multi- coloured image into a projection surface |
US6642652B2 (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2003-11-04 | Lumileds Lighting U.S., Llc | Phosphor-converted light emitting device |
US6926848B2 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2005-08-09 | Rhodia Electronics & Catalysts | Compound based on an alkaline-earth metal, sulphur and aluminium, gallium or indium, its method of preparation and its use as a phosphor |
US20030007087A1 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Light source device and image capturing device |
US7211833B2 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2007-05-01 | Cree, Inc. | Light emitting diodes including barrier layers/sublayers |
US20040247861A1 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2004-12-09 | Imad Naasani | Functionalized fluorescent nanocrystal compositions and methods of making |
US7205048B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2007-04-17 | Invitrogen Corporation | Functionalized fluorescent nanocrystal compositions and methods of making |
US7192161B1 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2007-03-20 | Ilight Technologies, Inc. | Fluorescent illumination device |
US7011421B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2006-03-14 | Ilight Technologies, Inc. | Illumination device for simulating neon lighting through use of fluorescent dyes |
US6870165B2 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2005-03-22 | Biocal Technology, Inc. | Multi-color multiplexed analysis in a bio-separation system |
US20030095401A1 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2003-05-22 | Palm, Inc. | Non-visible light display illumination system and method |
US6747710B2 (en) | 2001-12-03 | 2004-06-08 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | Light valve projector architecture |
US20070053200A1 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2007-03-08 | Brukilacchio Thomas J | High intensity LED array illuminator |
US20070058389A1 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2007-03-15 | Brukilacchio Thomas J | Led white light illuminator |
US7488101B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2009-02-10 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | High intensity LED array illuminator |
US7488088B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2009-02-10 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | LED white light illuminator |
US20070053184A1 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2007-03-08 | Brukilacchio Thomas J | LED illuminator with retro reflector |
US7153015B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2006-12-26 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | Led white light optical system |
US7300175B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2007-11-27 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | LED illuminator with retro reflector |
US20050236586A1 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2005-10-27 | Hartung Martin G | Radiation device |
US20030233138A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-18 | Altus Medical, Inc. | Concentration of divergent light from light emitting diodes into therapeutic light energy |
US20030230728A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-18 | Zhengshan Dai | Multiwavelength transilluminator for absorbance and fluorescence detection using light emitting diodes |
US6637905B1 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2003-10-28 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for providing backlighting utilizing a luminescent impregnated material |
US6717353B1 (en) | 2002-10-14 | 2004-04-06 | Lumileds Lighting U.S., Llc | Phosphor converted light emitting device |
US20050201899A1 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2005-09-15 | Genewave | Device for supporting chromophore elements |
US20040090794A1 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-13 | Ollett Scott H. | High intensity photocuring system |
EP1426807A2 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2004-06-09 | Carl Zeiss SMS GmbH | Microscope with UV-semiconductor light source |
US6991358B2 (en) | 2002-12-04 | 2006-01-31 | Advanced Display Inc. | Planar light source unit and display device |
US6981970B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2006-01-03 | Msq (M2) Ltd. | Device and method for treating skin |
US7141801B2 (en) | 2002-12-26 | 2006-11-28 | Applied Precision, Llc | System and method of illuminating living cells for imaging |
US7416313B2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2008-08-26 | Carl Zeiss Microimaging Gmbh | Assembly for illuminating objects with light of different wavelengths |
US7035017B2 (en) | 2003-04-18 | 2006-04-25 | Quantum Vision, Inc. | System and method for telecentric projection lenses |
US7467885B2 (en) | 2003-04-29 | 2008-12-23 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Light source |
US20040264185A1 (en) | 2003-04-29 | 2004-12-30 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Light source |
US7633093B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2009-12-15 | Lighting Science Group Corporation | Method of making optical light engines with elevated LEDs and resulting product |
US6869206B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2005-03-22 | Scott Moore Zimmerman | Illumination systems utilizing highly reflective light emitting diodes and light recycling to enhance brightness |
WO2004114053A8 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2006-11-16 | Exodus Capital Llc | Methods and apparatus for ultra-violet stimulated displays |
US6960872B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2005-11-01 | Goldeneye, Inc. | Illumination systems utilizing light emitting diodes and light recycling to enhance output radiance |
US7498734B2 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2009-03-03 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Light emitting device with wavelength converted by phosphor |
US6995355B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2006-02-07 | Advanced Optical Technologies, Llc | Optical integrating chamber lighting using multiple color sources |
US20080224024A1 (en) | 2003-07-23 | 2008-09-18 | Tir Systems Ltd. | Control system for an illumination device incorporating discrete light sources |
US7208007B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2007-04-24 | Cutera, Inc. | System and method utilizing guided fluorescence for high intensity applications |
US20060282137A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2006-12-14 | Nightingale John L | System and method utilizing guided fluorescence for high intensity applications |
US20060170931A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2006-08-03 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Biochemical sensors with micro-resonators |
US7239449B2 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2007-07-03 | Sypro Optics Gmbh | Illumination module for color display |
US20050116635A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Walson James E. | Multiple LED source and method for assembling same |
JP2005195485A (en) | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-21 | Olympus Corp | Confocal microscopic spectroscope |
US20050152029A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-14 | Olympus Corporation | Fluorescent microscope |
US7427146B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2008-09-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light-collecting illumination system |
US20050184651A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | Hong-Yuan Technology Co., Ltd. | Light emitting device and fabrication method thereof |
JP2005243973A (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-08 | Kyocera Corp | Light-emitting device and luminaire |
US20050201107A1 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-15 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Projector |
US20070115647A1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2007-05-24 | Gekko Technology Limited | Lighting apparatus |
US7837348B2 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2010-11-23 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Lighting system using multiple colored light emitting sources and diffuser element |
US20050248839A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-10 | Olympus Corporation | Microscope fluorescence illumination apparatus |
US20060237658A1 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2006-10-26 | Alex Waluszko | Transilluminator with ultraviolet light emitting diode array |
US20050263679A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dielectric microcavity fluorosensors excited with a broadband light source |
US20070284513A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2007-12-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dielectric microcavity fluorosensors excited with a broadband light source |
JP2006049814A (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2006-02-16 | Kyocera Corp | Light emitting device and illumination system |
US20060002131A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-05 | Schultz John C | Phosphor based illumination system having a plurality of light guides and a display using same |
US20060030026A1 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-09 | Gustavo Garcia | Transilluminator having light emitting diode (LED) array |
US20060060872A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Edmond John A | High output group III nitride light emitting diodes |
US20060060879A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Edmond John A | High ouput small area group III nitride leds |
US20070297049A1 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2007-12-27 | Carl Zeiss Microlmaging Gmbh | Illumination Device for Microscopes |
KR20060055934A (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-24 | 알티전자 주식회사 | White light emitting diode with a structure for amplifying light emitting and preparation method for the same |
US20070253733A1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2007-11-01 | C.C.M. Beheer B.V. | Illumination System |
US20060114960A1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Snee Preston T | Optical feedback structures and methods of making |
WO2006067885A1 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-29 | Kyocera Corporation | Light-emitting device and illuminating device |
KR20060089104A (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Optical system for multi-channel fluorescence measurement of microfluidic chip and multi-channel fluorescence sample analyzer |
US7316497B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2008-01-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source |
WO2006120586A3 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2007-03-08 | Peter A Duine | Lighting system comprising 2d led stack |
US20060262283A1 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Light source apparatus and projection apparatus |
US7854514B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2010-12-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polarized, led-based illumination source |
US8029142B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2011-10-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polarized, LED-based illumination source |
US7445340B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2008-11-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polarized, LED-based illumination source |
US7422356B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2008-09-09 | Nichia Corporation | Light emitting device |
US20070009210A1 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | Hulse George R | LED lighting system with helical fiber filament |
US20070064202A1 (en) | 2005-09-17 | 2007-03-22 | Carl Zeiss Ag | Arrangement for the illumination of a field |
US20070086006A1 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2007-04-19 | Ebersole Matthew D | Spectrometer for analysis of multiple samples |
US20070126017A1 (en) | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-07 | Lumileds Lighting U.S, Llc | Luminescent ceramic element for a light emitting device |
US7540616B2 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2009-06-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polarized, multicolor LED-based illumination source |
US7832878B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2010-11-16 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | Light emitting diode projection system |
US20070211460A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-13 | Ilya Ravkin | Multi-color LED light source for microscope illumination |
US7746560B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2010-06-29 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination optical system that uses a solid-state lighting element which generates white light, and an optical device equipped therewith |
US7846391B2 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2010-12-07 | Lumencor, Inc. | Bioanalytical instrumentation using a light source subsystem |
US20070281322A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2007-12-06 | Lumencor, Inc. | Bioanalytical instrumentation using a light source subsystem |
US20120238472A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2012-09-20 | Lumencor, Inc. | Bioanalytical instrumentation using a light source subsystem |
US20120252704A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2012-10-04 | Lumencor, Inc. | Bioanalytical instrumentation using a light source subsystem |
US20110044858A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2011-02-24 | Lumencor, Inc. | Bioanalytical instrumentation using a light source subsystem |
US20070279915A1 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent Volume Light Source With Air Gap Cooling |
US20070279914A1 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source with reflector |
US20070280622A1 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent light source having light recycling means |
US8827507B2 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2014-09-09 | Cree, Inc. | Lighting assemblies, methods of installing same, and methods of replacing lights |
US7857457B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2010-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source having multiple fluorescent species |
US20080079910A1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source having multiple fluorescent species |
US20080291446A1 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2008-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical sensing device |
JP2007133435A (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2007-05-31 | Hayashi Soken:Kk | microscope |
US8860049B2 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2014-10-14 | Seoul Semiconductor Co., Ltd. | Multi-light emitting diode package |
US7709811B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2010-05-04 | Conner Arlie R | Light emitting diode illumination system |
US7898665B2 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2011-03-01 | Lumencor, Inc. | Light emitting diode illumination system |
US8279442B2 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2012-10-02 | Lumencor, Inc. | Light emitting diode illumination system |
US8098375B2 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2012-01-17 | Lumencor, Inc. | Light emitting diode illumination system |
US20120106192A1 (en) | 2007-08-06 | 2012-05-03 | Lumencor, Inc. | Light emitting diode illumination system |
US8231250B2 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2012-07-31 | Lighting Science Group Corporation | Warm white lighting device |
US20090122533A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | LED backlighting system with closed loop control |
US20090196046A1 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorescent volume light source with active chromphore |
US20090268461A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-10-29 | Deak David G | Photon energy conversion structure |
US8309940B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2012-11-13 | Lumencor, Inc. | Lighting design of high quality biomedical devices |
US8263949B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2012-09-11 | Lumencor, Inc. | Lighting design of high quality biomedical devices |
US8258487B1 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2012-09-04 | Lumencor, Inc. | Lighting design of high quality biomedical devices |
US8242462B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2012-08-14 | Lumencor, Inc. | Lighting design of high quality biomedical devices |
US20100188017A1 (en) | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-29 | Brukilacchio Thomas J | Light emitting diode linear light for machine vision |
US20110157566A1 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-30 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Collimator lens unit, illuminating device, and projector |
US20120181937A1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-19 | Lumencor, Inc. | System and method for metered dosage illumination in a bioanalysis or other system |
US20120181936A1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-19 | Lumencor, Inc. | System and method for metered dosage illumination in a bioanalysis or other system |
Non-Patent Citations (42)
Title |
---|
Albrecht, M., et al., "Scintillators and Wavelength Shifters for the Detection of Ionizing Radiation," Astroparticle, Particle and Space Physics, Detectors and Medical Physics Applications, ICATPP-8, M. Barone, et al., Eds, World Scientific, pp. 502-511 (2004). |
Da-Lite Screen Company, Inc., www.da-lite.com, 46 pages website downloads as of Oct. 8, 1998. |
DDS(TM) Rear Projection Screens, LORS(TM) Reflection Screens, © 1998 Physical Optics Corporation, Torrance, CA, 2 pages. |
DDS™ Rear Projection Screens, LORS™ Reflection Screens, © 1998 Physical Optics Corporation, Torrance, CA, 2 pages. |
Deck, L., et al., "Two color light-emitting-diode source for high precision phase-shifting interferometry", Optics Letters, vol. 18, No. 22, Nov. 15, 1993, pp. 1899-1901. |
Depp, S.W., et al., "Flat Panel Displays," Scientific American, pp. 90-97, Mar. 1993. |
Extended European Search Report for PCT/US2007/069490 dated Oct. 26, 2012, 8 pages. |
Extended European Search Report for PCT/US2008072394 dated Oct. 7, 2011, 9 pages. |
Flor-Henry, M., et al., "Use of a Highly Sensitive Two-Dimensional Luminescence Imaging System to Monitor Endogenous Bioluminescence in Plant Leaves," BMC Plant Biology, vol. 4, No. 19, Nov. 2004. |
Hamberg, I. and Granqvist, C.G., "Evaporated Sn-doped In2O3 films: Basic optical properties and applications to energy-efficient windows," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 60, No. 11, pp. R123-R159, Dec. 1, 1986. |
Handbook of Optics, vol. 1- Fundamentals, Techniques, and Design, Second Edition, Chapter 42: Optical Properties of Films and Coatings, J.A. Dobrowolski, pp. 42.3-42.25, McGraw-Hill, Inc., © 1995. |
Handbook of Optics, vol. 1— Fundamentals, Techniques, and Design, Second Edition, Chapter 42: Optical Properties of Films and Coatings, J.A. Dobrowolski, pp. 42.3-42.25, McGraw-Hill, Inc., © 1995. |
Haroche, S., et al., "Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics," Scientific American, pp. 54-62, Apr. 1993. |
Hecht, Jeff, "Diverse fiberoptic systems require varied sources," Laser Focus World, vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 155-161, Jan. 2000. |
Hemingway, D.J. and Lissberger, P.H., "Effective Refractive Indices of Metal-Dielectric Interference Filters," Applied Optics, vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 471-476, Mar. 1967. |
Holloway, R.J. and Lissberger, P.H., "The Design and Preparation of Induced Transmission Filters," Applied Optics, vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 653-660, Mar. 1969. |
Huo, D.T.C., et al., "Reticulated Single-Crystal Luminescent Screen," J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 133, No. 7, pp. 1492-1497, Jul. 1986. |
International Search Report dated Dec. 31, 2008, Application No. PCT/US2008/072394, 10 pages. |
International Search Report dated Jun. 19, 2012 for Application No. PCT/US2011/063030, 11 pages. |
International Search Report dated Jun. 3, 2013 for PCT/US2013/029931, 11 pages. |
International Search Report for PCT/US2010021843 dated Aug. 19, 2010, 9 pages. |
Jenmar Visual Systems, Sunnyvale, CA, 4 pages, no date, but at least as early as Oct. 15, 1998. |
Landau, B.V. and Lissberger, P.H., "Theory of Induced-Transmission Filters in Terms of the Concept of Equivalent Layers," Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 62, No. 11, pp. 1258-1264, Nov. 1972. |
Launer, Herbert F., "Exposure Meter for Precision Light Dosage", The Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 20, No. 2, Feb. 1949, pp. 103-109. |
Lissberger, P.H., "Coatings with Induced Transmission," Applied Optics, vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 95-103, Jan. 1, 1981. |
Mauch, R.H., et al., "Optical Behaviour of Electroluminescent Devices," Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol. 38, Electroluminescence, © Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 291-295 (1989). |
Morgan, C. G., et al., "New Approaches to Lifetime-Resolved Luminescence Imaging", Journal of Fluorescence, vol. 7, No. 1, 1997, pp. 65-73. |
Pelletier, E. and Macleod, H.A., "Interference Filters with Multiple Peaks," Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 683-687, Jun. 1982. |
Plasma Display Manufacturers of the American Display Consortium, "Recommended Research Topics on Plasma Display for the DARPA Sponsored Phosphor Center of Excellence," pp. 1-2, Mar. 24, 1993. |
Poelman, D., et al., "Spectral Shifts in Thin Film Electroluminescent Devices: An Interference Effect," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 25, pp. 1010-1013 (1992). |
Schott Glass Technologies, Inc., Schott Total Customer Care, Contrast Enhancement Filters, Duryea, PA, 6 pages, Jan. 1998. |
Schubert, E.F., et al., "Giant Enhancement of Luminescence Intensity in Er-doped Si/SiO2 Resonant Cavities," Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 61, No. 12, pp. 1381-1383, Sep. 21, 1992. |
Stewart Filmscreen Corporation®, www.stewartfilm.com, 34 pages website downloads as of Oct. 8, 1998. |
Tuenge, R.T., "Current Status of Color TFEL Phosphors," Electroluminescence-Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Electroluminescence, El Paso, Tex., pp. 173-177, May 1992. |
Tuenge, R.T., "Current Status of Color TFEL Phosphors," Electroluminescence—Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Electroluminescence, El Paso, Tex., pp. 173-177, May 1992. |
Vlasenko, N.A., et al., "Interference of Luminescent Emission from an Evaporated Phosphor," Opt. Spect., vol. 11, pp. 216-219 (1961). |
Vlasenko, N.A., et al., "Investigation of Interference Effects in Thin Electroluminescent ZnS-Mn Films," Opt. Spect., vol. 28, pp. 68-71 (1970). |
Whitaker, Jerry C., "Electronic Displays: Technology, Design, and Applications," McGraw-Hill, Inc., pp. 185-192 (1994). |
World Watch, Photonics Spectra, "IR Reflective Coating Boosts Bulb's Output, Recycling of IR Energy Saves Power, Cuts Costs" pp. 40-41, Jan. 1991. |
Yamamoto, Y., et al., "Optical Processes in Microcavities," Physics Today, pp. 66-73, Jun. 1993. |
Yokoyama, H., "Physics and Device Applications of Optical Microcavities," Science, vol. 256, pp. 66-70, Apr. 3, 1992. |
Young, L., "Multilayer Interference Filters with Narrow Stop Bands," Applied Optics, vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 297-312, Feb. 1967. |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10113736B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2018-10-30 | Sony Corporation | Light source apparatus and image display apparatus |
US20160053981A1 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2016-02-25 | Sony Corporation | Light source apparatus and image display apparatus |
US9702538B2 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2017-07-11 | Sony Corporation | Light source apparatus and image display apparatus |
US9574749B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-02-21 | Raytheon Company | Adaptive multi-wavelength laser illuminator |
US20150184835A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-07-02 | Raytheon Company | Adaptive multi-wavelength laser illuminator |
US20150205191A1 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-23 | Lite-On Technology Corporation | Pico projection fixing module |
US9366949B2 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-06-14 | Lite-On Technology Corporation | Pico projection fixing module |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130188384A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
US9642515B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
US20130188331A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
US9103528B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 |
US8967846B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
US20130188383A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
US20130188388A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6711426B2 (en) | Spectroscopy illuminator with improved delivery efficiency for high optical density and reduced thermal load | |
US6272269B1 (en) | Optical fiber/waveguide illumination system | |
US20040246744A1 (en) | Compact, high-efficiency, high-power solid state light source using a single solid state light-emitting device | |
US20050276553A1 (en) | Solid-state light source | |
US7294816B2 (en) | LED illumination system having an intensity monitoring system | |
US7062311B1 (en) | Fluorescence observing apparatus | |
US20050285129A1 (en) | Instrument excitation source and calibration method | |
US20060203244A1 (en) | Dual illumination system for an imaging apparatus and method | |
US20040072335A1 (en) | Optical instrument including excitation source | |
US20050047172A1 (en) | Light-emitting diode illumination system for an optical observation device, in particular a stereomicroscope or stereo surgical microscope | |
US5528050A (en) | Compact scan head with multiple scanning modalities | |
US20060121602A1 (en) | Optical scanning configurations, systems, and methods | |
US20060085969A1 (en) | LED endoscope illuminator and methods of mounting within an endoscope | |
US20080051632A1 (en) | Endoscope apparatus | |
US7020378B2 (en) | Device for producing a white light | |
WO2003096387A2 (en) | High efficiency solid-state light source and methods of use and manufacture | |
US6852986B1 (en) | Fluorometer with low heat-generating light source | |
US20080310181A1 (en) | Brightness with reduced optical losses | |
US6954270B2 (en) | Method for detecting forensic evidence | |
JP2006087764A (en) | Led fiber light source device and endoscope using the same | |
US20040120151A1 (en) | Forensic light using semiconductor light source | |
US7252678B2 (en) | Forensic light using semiconductor light source | |
WO2001035079A1 (en) | Fluorometer with low heat-generating light source | |
WO2006052682A2 (en) | Optical scanning system comprising thermally compensated light emitting diode | |
US20090312607A1 (en) | Light source device, imaging apparatus and endoscope apparatus |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LUMENCOR, INC., OREGON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JAFFE, STEVEN M.;JAFFE, CLAUDIA B.;TYLINSKI, GEORGE S.;REEL/FRAME:029668/0557 Effective date: 20130117 |
|
FEPP |
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY |