JP6516813B2 - 感圧キーの基準化 - Google Patents

感圧キーの基準化 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP6516813B2
JP6516813B2 JP2017207326A JP2017207326A JP6516813B2 JP 6516813 B2 JP6516813 B2 JP 6516813B2 JP 2017207326 A JP2017207326 A JP 2017207326A JP 2017207326 A JP2017207326 A JP 2017207326A JP 6516813 B2 JP6516813 B2 JP 6516813B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
contact layer
flexible contact
sensor substrate
sensor
pressure sensitive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2017207326A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2018032430A (ja
Inventor
シー. ショー,ティモシー
シー. ショー,ティモシー
トム ベレシウ,ジム
トム ベレシウ,ジム
ヘンリー ディーツ,ポール
ヘンリー ディーツ,ポール
ハリー ストウムボス,クリストファー
ハリー ストウムボス,クリストファー
ジェイ. マティアス,デニス
ジェイ. マティアス,デニス
オットー,ザ・サード ウィット,デイヴィッド
オットー,ザ・サード ウィット,デイヴィッド
レベッカ リード マクローリン,ロビン
レベッカ リード マクローリン,ロビン
エル. シュナイダー,サマー
エル. シュナイダー,サマー
ジョーゼフ ワール,エリック
ジョーゼフ ワール,エリック
エイチ. ワイズ,ジェイムズ
エイチ. ワイズ,ジェイムズ
レオン,カミーロ
アーガールド,カルステン
チャールズ オリヴァー,トマス
チャールズ オリヴァー,トマス
エヌ. ケイディ,アンドリュー
エヌ. ケイディ,アンドリュー
モーリス シュルツ,バーナード
モーリス シュルツ,バーナード
マノハール ディグデ,ラジェシュ
マノハール ディグデ,ラジェシュ
ドラスニン,シャロン
シディキ,カビール
アレック イシハラ,ジェイムズ
アレック イシハラ,ジェイムズ
ワーン,ホワ
フルーネ,ラルフ
ローレンス ペリー,ジョエル
ローレンス ペリー,ジョエル
スコット カッセルズ,ジェイ
スコット カッセルズ,ジェイ
ピーター スプーナー,リチャード
ピーター スプーナー,リチャード
デイヴィッド マイケルソン,マシュー
デイヴィッド マイケルソン,マシュー
フアラ,ロブ
シー. ヴァンデルヴールト,デイヴィッド
シー. ヴァンデルヴールト,デイヴィッド
デイヴィッド プリーケ,トッド
デイヴィッド プリーケ,トッド
アール. ルッツ,モウシェ
アール. ルッツ,モウシェ
ミッチェル メイル,スコット
ミッチェル メイル,スコット
エー. ホイットマン,クリストファー
エー. ホイットマン,クリストファー
ウィンストン オレル,ヴァン
ウィンストン オレル,ヴァン
ウメノ,ヒロオ
アール. ペレク,デイヴィッド
アール. ペレク,デイヴィッド
エー. シュウェイガー,マイケル
エー. シュウェイガー,マイケル
ジェイ. サイルズタッド,マーク
ジェイ. サイルズタッド,マーク
クリスティアン リード,アンソニー
クリスティアン リード,アンソニー
アレグザンダー カミングズ,ステファン
アレグザンダー カミングズ,ステファン
アイ. ジェンセン,ダリル
アイ. ジェンセン,ダリル
シー. パナイ,パノス
シー. パナイ,パノス
ストランデ,ハコン
ブオン ゴー,チュン
ブオン ゴー,チュン
エフ. マントゥース,ハロルド
エフ. マントゥース,ハロルド
チャールズ マーシャル,ジェイムズ
チャールズ マーシャル,ジェイムズ
ジー. ピーダーセン,マシュー
ジー. ピーダーセン,マシュー
ディー. ヤング,ロバート
ディー. ヤング,ロバート
シー. シャーマン,ネイサン
シー. シャーマン,ネイサン
ケイ. ギブソン,スコット
ケイ. ギブソン,スコット
アーロン サイクス,シェイン
アーロン サイクス,シェイン
エム. レーン,デイヴィッド
エム. レーン,デイヴィッド
ロバート オビー,ジーン
ロバート オビー,ジーン
シー. ギアイモ,ザ・サード,エドワード
シー. ギアイモ,ザ・サード,エドワード
ネフ,デイヴィッド
アール. スーザ,ジョゼ
アール. スーザ,ジョゼ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microsoft Corp
Original Assignee
Microsoft Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microsoft Corp filed Critical Microsoft Corp
Publication of JP2018032430A publication Critical patent/JP2018032430A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP6516813B2 publication Critical patent/JP6516813B2/ja
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

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Description

モバイルコンピューティング装置が、ユーザにモバイル設定を利用可能にする機能性を増大するために開発されている。例えば、ユーザは、電子メールをチェックするために、ウェブをサーフィンするために、文章を作成するために、アプリケーションと情報をやりとりするためになど、携帯電話、タブレットコンピュータ、又は他のモバイルコンピューティング装置と情報をやりとりし得る。しかし、従来のモバイルコンピューティング装置はしばしば、装置のタッチスクリーン機能を使用してアクセスされた仮想キーボードを採用していた。これは一般的に、コンピュータ装置の表示領域の量を最大にするために用いられていた。
しかし、仮想キーボードの使用は、例えば、長い電子メール、文書等を作成するために相当量のテキストを入力すること等、相当量の入力を提供することを望むユーザをいらいらさせることがあり得た。したがって、従来のモバイルコンピューティング装置は、しばしば、特に、例えば、従来のデスクトップコンピュータの、従来のキーボードを使用してユーザがテキストを入力することができた容易さと比較して、このようなタスクに対する有用性を限定していたことがわかった。もっとも、モバイルコンピューティング装置と一緒の従来のキーボードの使用は、モバイルコンピューティング装置の移動性を減らすことがあり得、したがって、モバイルコンピューティング装置をモバイル設定でのその意図された使用により適さなくし得た。
感圧キー技術が記載される。1又は複数の実装では、感圧キーが、1又は複数の導体を有するセンサ基板、及びセンサ基板から離間されるとともにセンサ基板に接触するような圧力の印加に応じて曲がるように構成されるフレキシブル接触層を含む。フレキシブル接触層は、力感受性インクを使用してセンサ基板に接触するように構成される第1の位置及び第2の位置であって、第2の位置が第1の位置より増加した導電性を有するように力感受性インクを使用してセンサ基板に接触するように構成される第2の位置を有する。
1又は複数の実装では、感圧キーが、圧力の印加に応じて曲がるように構成されるフレキシブル接触層、及びフレキシブル接触層から離間されるとともに圧力の印加に応じてフレキシブル接触層による接触のために位置決めされるセンサ基板を含む。センサ基板は、第1の位置及び第2の位置においてフレキシブル接触層によって接触されるように構成される1又は複数の導体を有し、第2の位置は、第1の位置に比べて増加した導電性を有するように構成される。
1又は複数の実装では、キーボードが、コンピューティング装置の入力を引き起こすように構成される複数の感圧キーを含み、複数の感圧キーのそれぞれは、スペーサ層によってセンサ基板から離間されるフレキシブル接触層を有する。フレキシブル接触層は、感圧キーに関連付けられる、コンピューティング装置のための、入力を引き起こすためにセンサ基板に接触するよう圧力の印加に応じて曲がるように構成される。センサ基板は、それぞれの第1及び第2の位置においてフレキシブル接触層によって接触されるように構成される1又は複数の導体を有し、センサ基板の第2の位置及びフレキシブル接触層は、センサ基板の第1の位置及びフレキシブル接触層に比べて増加した導電性を有するように構成される。
1又は複数の実装では、装置は、スペーサ層によってセンサ基板から離間されるフレキシブル接触層を有する少なくとも1つの感圧キーを含み、フレキシブル接触層は、感圧キーに関連付けられる、コンピューティング装置のための、入力を引き起こすためにセンサ基板に接触するよう圧力に応じて曲がるように構成される。フレキシブル接触層又はセンサ基板の少なくとも一方は、少なくとも部分的に、フレキシブル接触層の第1の位置に印加される圧力から生じる出力を、第1の位置より小さい柔軟性を有するフレキシブル接触層の第2の位置に印加される圧力から生じる出力と基準化する(基準に合わせる)ように構成される。
1又は複数の実装では、入力装置が、コンピューティング装置の対応する入力を引き起こすように構成される複数の感圧キーを含む。複数の感圧キーのそれぞれは、スペーサ層によってセンサ基板から離間されるフレキシブル接触層から形成される。第1の感圧キーは、前記フレキシブル接触層又はそれぞれの前記センサ基板の少なくとも一方の構成を通して、第2の感圧キーより圧力に対する大きい感度を有するように構成される。
1又は複数の実装では、キーボードが、コンピューティング装置の対応する入力を引き起こすように構成される複数の感圧キーを含み、複数の感圧キーのそれぞれは、スペーサ層によってセンサ基板から離間されるフレキシブル接触層を含む。フレキシブル接触層は、コンピューティング装置のための、感圧キーに関連付けられる入力を引き起こすためにセンサ基板に接触するよう圧力に応じて曲がるように構成される。フレキシブル接触層又はセンサ基板の少なくとも一方は、フレキシブル接触層の第1の位置に印加される圧力から生じる出力を、フレキシブル接触層の第2の位置に印加される圧力から生じる出力と、少なくとも部分的に基準化するように構成され、第2の位置は第1の位置よりスペーサ層の端部の近くに位置する。
この概要は、詳細な説明において以下で更に記載される単純化された形態において概念の選択を導入するために設けられている。この概要は、請求項に記載された主題の重要な特徴又は必須の特徴を特定することも、請求項に記載された主題の範囲を決定する助けとして使用されることも意図されない。
詳細な説明は、添付の図面を参照して記載される。図面において、一番左の番号は、参照番号が最初に現れる図面を特定する。明細書及び図面において異なる事例に同じ番号が付されているものは、類似の又は同じ項目を示している。図面に表されるエンティティは、1又は複数のエンティティを示し得、したがって、説明において単数又は複数のエンティティへの参照が交換可能に行われ得る。
本明細書に記載される技術を用いるために動作可能である例示的な実装の環境を示す。 フレキシブルヒンジを詳細に示す図1の入力装置の例示的な実装を描く。 機械的結合突出部及び複数の通信接点を含む図2の接続部の斜視図を示す例示的な実装を描く。 図2の入力装置のキーボードの感圧キーの断面図の例を描く。 センサ基板の対応する第1の位置と接触をもたらすようにフレキシブル接触層の第1の位置に圧力が印加されている図4の感圧キーの例を描く。 センサ基板の対応する第2の位置と接触をもたらすようにフレキシブル接触層の第2の位置に圧力が印加されている図4の感圧キーの例を描く。 スイッチの複数の位置で発生する出力を基準化するように構成される単一の感圧キーのフレキシブル接触層の例を示す。 異なる位置での圧力を検出するための複数のセンサを含む図4の感圧キーの例を描く。 感圧キーの異なる位置で発生する信号を基準化するように構成される感圧キーのセンサ基板の導体の例を描く。 本明細書に記載される技術の実施形態を実装するために、図1−9を参照して記載される任意のタイプのコンピューティング装置として実装されることができる例示的な装置の様々な構成要素を含む、例示的なシステムを示す。
[概要]
感圧キーが、例えば約3.5ミリメートル未満等、比較的薄いフォームファクタに対応するように入力装置の一部として使用され得る。しかし、感圧キーは、従来の機械的なキーボードで一般的なある程度のフィードバックを提供しない場合があり、したがって、キーボードの意図したキーに対する打ち損ない及び部分的なキー打ちをもたらし得る。さらに、感圧キーの従来の構成はしばしば、例えば、より大きいたわみが一般的に、キーの端部とは対照的に、キーの中心領域で観察される等、曲げられる材料の柔軟性に起因して、異なる感度をもたらし得る。したがって、従来の感圧キーは、キーを用いる装置での一貫性のないユーザエクスペリエンスをもたらすことがあり得る。
感圧キー技術が記載される。1又は複数の実装では、感圧キーは、基準化された出力を提供するように、例えば、感圧キーの異なる位置における柔軟性の違いを打ち消すように、構成される。例えば、キーの端部の感度は、キーの中心の感度と比較して、これらの位置でのキーの柔軟性の違いに対処するために、増加され得る。
感度は、フレキシブル接触層の中心とは対照的にフレキシブル接触層の端部において力感受性インクの量を増やすことによって、調整され得る。他の例では、センサ基板内で接触されるように利用可能な導体の量が増加され得る。これは、例えば、センサ基板の中心とは対照的にフレキシブル接触層によって接触されるセンサ基板の端部におけるギャップの配置、導電材料の量、表面積、等を通じてなど、様々な方法で実行され得る。
感度はまた、種々のキーに対して調整され得る。例えば、より軽い圧力を受ける可能性が高いキー(例えば、最下段の、キーボードの端部の近くに位置するキー等)は、より高い量の圧力を受けそうなキー、例えば、ホームキー列のキー等と比べて、増大された感度を有するように構成され得る。これらの及び他の特徴のさらなる説明が、以下の段落に関連して見つけられ得る。
以下の説明では、本明細書に記載される技術を用い得る例示的な環境が最初に記載される。例示的な環境並びに他の環境で実行され得る例示的なプロシージャが次に記載される。したがって、例示的なプロシージャの性能は、例示的な環境に制限されず、例示的な環境は例示的なプロシージャの性能に制限されない。
[例示的な環境]
図1は、本明細書に記載される技術を用いるように動作可能である実装例の環境100の図である。図示された環境100は、フレキシブルヒンジ106を介して入力装置104に物理的に及び通信可能に結合されるコンピューティング装置102の例を含む。コンピューティング装置102は、様々な方法で構成され得る。例えば、コンピューティング装置102は、例えば、携帯電話、図示されたようなタブレットコンピュータ等、モバイル使用のために構成され得る。したがって、コンピューティング装置102は、かなりのメモリ及びプロセッサリソースを持つフルリソース装置から限られたメモリ及び/又はプロセッサリソースを持つ低リソース装置に及び得る。コンピューティング装置102はまた、コンピューティング装置102に1又は複数の動作を実行させるソフトウェアに関連し得る。
コンピューティング装置102は、例えば、入力/出力モジュール108を含むように図示される。入力/出力モジュール108は、コンピューティング装置102の入力及びレンダリング出力の処理に関連する機能を代表する。例えば、入力装置104のキー、ジェスチャを識別するとともに入力装置104及び/又はディスプレイ装置110のタッチスクリーン機能を通じて認識され得るジェスチャに対応して動作が実行されることをもたらすようにディスプレイ装置110によって表示される仮想キーボードのキー、などに対応する機能に関連する入力等、様々な異なる入力が、入力/出力モジュール108によって処理され得る。したがって、入力/出力モジュール108は、キー押し、ジェスチャ等を含む入力の種類の間の境界を認識するとともに利用することによって様々な異なる入力技術をサポートし得る。
図示された例では、入力装置104は、QWERTY配列のキーを有するキーボードとして構成されるが、他の配列のキーも考えられる。さらに、例えば、ゲームコントローラ、楽器を模倣する構成等、他の非従来的な構成も考えられる。したがって、入力装置104及び入力装置104に組み込まれるキーは、様々な異なる機能をサポートするように様々な異なる構成を想定し得る。
前述のように、入力装置104は、この例ではフレキシブルヒンジ106の使用を通じて、コンピューティング装置102に物理的に及び通信可能に結合される。フレキシブルヒンジ106は、ヒンジによって支持される回転運動が、ピンによって支持される機械的な回転とは対照的に(しかし、この実施形態も考えられる)、ヒンジを形成する材料の屈曲(例えば、曲げ)を通じて達成されるという点で柔軟である。さらに、この柔軟な回転は、一方向の(例えば、図において垂直な)運動を支持するが、例えば、コンピューティング装置102に対する入力装置104の横方向の運動等、他の方向への運動を制限するように構成され得る。これは、コンピューティング装置102に対する入力装置104の不変の配置をサポートするように、例えば、電源の状態、アプリケーションの状態等を変更するために使用されるセンサを位置合わせするように、使用され得る。
フレキシブルヒンジ106は、例えば、1又は複数のファブリックの層を使用して形成され得るとともに、入力装置104をコンピューティング装置102に及びその逆に通信可能に結合するようにフレキシブル配線として形成される導体を含み得る。この通信は、例えば、キー押しの結果をコンピューティング装置102に伝えるため、コンピューティング装置から電力を受けるため、認証を実行するため、コンピューティング装置102に補助電力を供給するため等に使用され得る。フレキシブルヒンジ106は、様々な方法で構成されることができ、その更なる説明が、以下の図に関連して見つけられ得る。
図2は、詳細にフレキシブルヒンジ106を示す図1の入力装置104の例示的な実装200を描く。この例では、入力装置の接続部202が示され、この接続部202は入力装置104とコンピューティング装置102との間の通信可能及び物理的な接続を提供するように構成される。この例では、接続部202は、コンピューティング装置102のハウジングのチャンネルに受けられるように構成される高さ及び断面を有するが、この構成はまたそれらの精神及び範囲から離れることなしに反転され得る。
接続部202は、フレキシブルヒンジ106の使用を通じて、キーを含む入力装置104の一部に柔軟に接続される。したがって、接続部202がコンピューティング装置に物理的に接続されるとき、接続部202及びフレキシブルヒンジ106の組み合わせは、本のヒンジと同様であるコンピューティング装置102に対する入力装置104の運動を支える。
例えば、回転運動は、入力装置104がコンピューティング装置102のディスプレイ装置110に接して置かれ得るように、したがってカバーとして機能し得るように、フレキシブルヒンジ106によって支えられ得る。入力装置104はまた、コンピューティング装置102の背面に接して、例えば、コンピューティング装置102のディスプレイ装置110の反対に配置されるコンピューティング装置102の後部ハウジングに接して、配置されるように、回転され得る。
当然ながら、様々な他の配向もまたサポートされる。例えば、コンピューティング装置102及び入力装置104は、両方が図1に示されるように表面に接して平らに置かれるような配置が想定され得る。他の例では、タイピング配置がサポートされることができ、この配置では、入力装置104は、表面に接して平らに置かれるとともに、コンピューティング装置102は、例えば、コンピューティング装置102の背面に配置されたスタンドの使用を通じて等、ディスプレイ装置110を見ることを可能にするようにある角度で配置される。例えば、三脚配置、ミーティング配置、プレゼンテーション配置等、他の例もまた想定される。
接続部202は、この例において、磁石結合装置204、206、機械的結合突出部208、210、及び複数の通信接点212を含むものとして示される。磁石結合装置204、206は、1又は複数の磁石の使用を通じて、コンピューティング装置102の相補的な磁石結合装置に磁気的に結合されるように構成される。このような方法で、入力装置104は、磁気吸引の使用を通じてコンピューティング装置102に物理的に固定され得る。
接続部202はまた、入力装置104とコンピューティング装置102との間の機械的な物理的接続を形成するための機械的結合突出部208、210を含む。機械的結合突出部208、210は、次の図に詳細に示される。
図3は、機械的結合突出部208、210及び複数の通信接点212を含む図2の接続部202の斜視図を示す例示的な実装300を描く。図示されるように、機械的結合突出部208、210は、接続部202の表面から離れて延びるように構成され、これは、この場合には、垂直であるが、他の角度もまた考えられる。
機械的結合突出部208、210は、コンピューティング装置102のチャンネル内の相補的な空洞の中に受けられるように構成される。このように受けられたとき、機械的結合突出部208、210は、突出部の高さ及び空洞の深さに対応するように定められる軸と合わせられていない(一直線にされていない)力が印加されるときの装置間の機械的な拘束を促進する。
例えば、突出部の高さ及び空洞の深さに沿う前述の長手方向軸と一致する力が印加されるとき、ユーザは、単に入力装置104をコンピューティング装置102から分離させるためだけに磁石によって印加される力に打ち勝つ。しかし、他の角度では、機械的結合突出部208、210は、空洞内に機械的に拘束するように構成され、それによって、機械的結合突出部208、210の磁力に加えて、コンピューティング装置102からの入力装置104の取り外しに抵抗する力を作る。このような方法で、機械的結合突出部208、210は、コンピューティング装置102からの入力装置104の取り外しを本からページを破ることをまねるように偏らせ、装置を分離するための他の試みを制限する。
接続部202はまた、複数の通信接点212を含んで示される。複数の通信接点212は、装置間の通信結合を形成するようにコンピューティング装置102の対応する通信接点と接触するように構成される。通信接点212は、例えば、入力装置104とコンピューティング装置102との間の一致した通信接点を提供するように構成される複数のバネ付勢されるピンを使用する構造を通じて等、様々な方法で構成され得る。したがって、通信接点は、装置の押し合う小さい運動中に存続するように構成され得る。コンピューティング装置102のピン及び入力装置104の接点の配置を含む、様々な他の例もまた考えられる。
図4は、図2の入力装置104のキーボードの感圧キー400の断面図の例を描く。この例の感圧キー400は、センサ基板404に形成されるスペーサ層406、408等を使用してセンサ基板404から離間されるフレキシブル接触層402(例えば、マイラー)を使用して形成されるものとして示され、このスペーサ層406、408は、マイラーのもう一つの層として形成され得る。この例では、フレキシブル接触層402は、フレキシブル接触層402に対する圧力の印加がない限りセンサ基板404に接触しない。
この例のフレキシブル接触層402は、センサ基板404に接触するように構成されるフレキシブル接触層402の表面に配置された力感受性インク410を含む。力感受性インク410は、インクの抵抗の量が印加される圧力の量に関連して直接変化するように構成される。力感受性インク410は、例えば、フレキシブル接触層402に対する圧力の印加に際してセンサ基板404に対して押し付けられる比較的粗い表面を備えて構成され得る。圧力の量が大きいほど、より多くの力感受性インク410が押し付けられ、それによって、導電性を増加させるとともに力感受性インク410の抵抗を減少させる。他のタイプの感圧及び非感圧導体を含む、他の導体もまた、そのための精神及び範囲から離れることなしにフレキシブル接触層402に配置され得る。
センサ基板404は、フレキシブル接触層402の力感受性インク410によって接触されるように構成される、その上に配置される1又は複数の導体412を含む。接触されるとき、アナログ信号が、例えば、信号がコンピューティング装置102のための入力を提供することがユーザによって意図される可能性があるかどうかを認めるために等、入力装置104及び/又はコンピューティング装置102によって処理するために生成され得る。例えば、様々な導電材料(例えば、銀、銅)から形成される、図9に関連してさらに記載されるような様々な異なる構成で配置され得る等、様々な異なるタイプの導体412がセンサ基板404に配置され得る。
図5は、センサ基板404の対応する第1の位置との力感受性インク410の接触をもたらすようにフレキシブル接触層402の第1の位置に圧力が印加されている図4の感圧キー400の例500を描く。圧力は、図5において矢印の使用を通じて示され、例えば、ユーザの手の指、スタイラス、ペンなどによって等、様々な方法で印加され得る。この例では、圧力が矢印で示されるように印加される第1の位置は、スペーサ層406、408の間に配置されるフレキシブル接触層402の中心領域の概して近くに位置する。この位置のために、フレキシブル接触層402は、概して柔軟であると見なされることができ、したがって圧力に対して応答し得る。
この柔軟性は、フレキシブル接触層402、したがって、力感受性インク410の比較的大きい面積がセンサ基板404の導体412に接触することを可能にする。したがって、比較的強い信号が発生し得る。さらに、フレキシブル接触層402の柔軟性がこの位置において比較的高いため、比較的大きい量の力がフレキシブル接触層402を通じて伝達されることができ、それによって、この圧力を力感受性インク410に印加する。前述のように、圧力のこの増加は、力感受性インクの導電性の対応する増加を生じさせ得るとともにインクの抵抗を減少させ得る。したがって、第1の位置におけるフレキシブル接触層の比較的高い量の柔軟性は、キーの端部の近くに位置するフレキシブル接触層402の他の位置と比較して比較的強い信号を発生させることができ、この例は以下の図と関連して記載される。
図6は、センサ基板404の対応する第2の位置と接触をもたらすようにフレキシブル接触層402の第2の位置に圧力が印加されている図4の感圧キー400の例600を描く。この例では、圧力が印加される図6の第2の位置は、図5の第1の位置より感圧キーの端部の近くに(例えば、スペーサ層406の端部の近くに)位置する。この位置のために、フレキシブル接触層402は第1の位置と比べたときに減少した柔軟性を有し、したがって、圧力に対する応答が低下する。
この減少した柔軟性は、センサ基板404の導体412に接触する、フレキシブル接触層402の、したがって、力感受性インク410の面積の減少を生じさせ得る。したがって、第2の位置で生じる信号は、図5の第1の位置で生じる信号より弱くなり得る。
さらに、フレキシブル接触層402の柔軟性がこの位置において比較的低いため、比較的低い量の力がフレキシブル接触層402を通じて伝達されることができ、それによって、力感受性インク410に伝達される圧力の量を減少させる。前述のように、圧力のこの減少は、力感受性インクの導電性の対応する減少を生じさせ得るとともに、図5の第1の位置と比較したインクの抵抗を増加させ得る。したがって、第1の位置と比べた第2の位置におけるフレキシブル接触層402の減少した柔軟性は、比較的弱い信号を発生させ得る。さらに、この状況は、ユーザの指のより小さい部分が図5の第1の位置と比較した図6の第2の位置において圧力を印加することができる、部分的な押しによって悪化し得る。
しかし、前述のように、本技術が第1及び第2の位置におけるスイッチによって生成される出力を基準化するために用いられ得る。これは、例えば、図7に関連して記載されるようなフレキシブル接触層402の構成、図8に関連して記載されるような複数のセンサの使用、図9に関連して記載されるようなセンサ基板404の構成、及び以下の図に関連してさらに記載されるようなそれらの組み合わせを通じて等、様々な方法で実行され得る。
図7は、スイッチの複数の位置で発生する出力を基準化するように構成される単一の感圧キーのフレキシブル接触層の例700を示す。この例では、センサ基板404の導体412に接触するように構成される図4のフレキシブル接触層402の「底部」又は「下側」の図が示される。
フレキシブル接触層402は、第1及び第2の感知領域702、704を有するように示される。この例の第1の感知領域702は、図5において圧力が印加される第1の位置に概して対応し、第2の感知領域704は、図6において圧力が印加される第2の位置に概して対応する。
前述のように、スイッチの端部からの距離の変化に起因するフレキシブル接触層402の屈曲は、距離がキーの端部から増加するとき、比較的強い信号を生成させ得る。したがって、この例では、第1及び第2の感知領域702、704は、異なる位置で生成される信号706を基準化するように構成される。これは、例えば、第1の感知領域702に比べて第2の感知領域704においてより高い導電性及びより低い抵抗を有することによって等、様々な方法で行われ得る。
導電性及び/又は抵抗の違いは、様々な技術を使用して達成され得る。例えば、力感受性インクの1又は複数の初期層が、例えば、シルクスクリーン、印刷プロセス、又はインクが表面に対して配置され得る他のプロセスの使用を通じて等、第1及び第2の感知領域702、704をカバーするフレキシブル接触層402に塗布され得る。1又は複数の追加的な層が次に、第2の感知領域704に塗布され得るとともに、第1の感知領域702には塗布されない。
これは、第2の感知領域704に、与えられた面積に対して第1の感知領域702より大きい量(例えば厚さ)の力感受性インクを有させ、これは導電性の対応する増加及び抵抗の減少をもたらす。したがって、この技術は、異なる位置でのフレキシブル接触層404の柔軟性の違いを少なくとも部分的に打ち消すように機能し得る。この例では、第2の感知領域704における力感受性インクの増加した高さはまた、センサ基板404の導体412との接触の生成に関わる屈曲の量を減少させるように機能し、これはまた、信号を基準化するのに役立ち得る。
第1及び第2の感知領域702、704での導電性及び/又は抵抗の違いは、様々な他の方法で達成され得る。例えば、第1の力感受性インクが第1の感知領域702に塗布され得るとともに、より高い導電性及び/又は抵抗を有する第2の力感受性インクが第2の感知領域704に塗布され得る。さらに、「入れ子状態」の第2及び第2の感知領域702、704の配置が図7に示されているが、例えば、スイッチの角において感度をさらに増加させること、圧力に対する異なる感度を有する2より大きい感知領域を用いること、導電性の勾配の使用等、様々な他の配置もまた利用され得る。例えば、1つのキーに対して複数のセンサの使用をサポートすること等、他の例も考えられ、この例は以下の図と関連して記載される。
図8は、異なる位置での圧力を検出するための複数のセンサを含む図4の感圧キーの例800を描く。前述のように、打ち損ない及び柔軟性の制限は、感圧キーの端部における性能を減少させ得る。
したがって、この例では、第1のセンサ802及び第2のセンサ804が、それぞれの第1及び第2のセンサ信号806、808を、それぞれ提供するように用いられる。さらに、第2のセンサ804は、第1のセンサ802より増加した感度(例えば、より高い導電性及び/又はより低い抵抗)を有するように構成される。これは、例えば、異なる導体及びセンサ基板404の一部としてのセンサとして機能する導体の構成を通じて等、様々な方法で達成され得る。センサ基板404の他の構成もまた、キーの異なる位置での感圧キーによって生成される信号を基準化するように作られることができ、この例は以下の図の記述と関連して記載される。
図9は、感圧キーの異なる位置で発生する信号を基準化するように構成されるセンサ基板404の導体412の例を描く。この例では、センサ基板404の導体412は、互いに組み合わされる配線フィンガの第1及び第2の部分902、904で構成される。表面積、導体の量、及び導体の間のギャップが、この例では、センサ基板404の異なる位置での感度を調整するように使用される。
例えば、第1の位置906に印加され得る圧力が、センサ基板404の第2の位置908と比べて、フレキシブル接触層402の力感受性インク410の比較的大きい面積を導体に接触させ得る。図示された例に示されるように、第1の位置で接触される導体の量は、ギャップ間隔及び導体サイズの使用を通じて、第2の部分908で接触される導体の量によって基準化される。このような方法で、キーの端部とは対照的にキーの中心でより小さい導体(例えば、より薄い指)及びより大きいギャップを使用することによって、キーに対する特定の性能特性が、典型的なユーザ入力シナリオに適合するように調整され得る。さらに、センサ基板404を構成するためのこれらの技術は、基準化及び所望のユーザ入力シナリオをさらに促進するようフレキシブル接触層402を構成するために記載される技術と組み合わされ得る。
再び図2に戻ると、これらの技術はまた、例えば、入力装置104のキーボードの第1のキーによって発生する信号を、キーボードの第2のキーによって発生する信号と基準化するように等、異なるキーの所望の構成を基準化するとともにサポートするように利用され得る。図3のQWERT配置で示されるように(しかしこれは他の配置にも等しく適用可能である)、ユーザは、入力装置104の端部の近くに位置するキーより入力装置104の中心に位置するキーのホームキー列により大きいタイピング圧を加える可能性が高い。これは、シフトキー列に対するユーザの手の指の爪を使用することの開始並びに数字に達するための増加した距離、異なる指(人差し指対小指)の異なる強さ等を含み得る。
したがって、上述の技術はまた、例えば、ホーム列キーに対して数字キーの感度を増加させるように、人差し指キー(例えば、文字“f”、“g”、“h”、及び“j”)と対照的に「小指」キー(例えば、文字“a”及びセミコロンキー)の感度を増加させるように等、これらのキーの間の信号を基準化するために適用され得る。様々な他の例もまた考えられ、例えば、より小さい表面積を有するキーを、例えば、シフトキー、スペースバー等大きいキーと比較して、より敏感にするように等、感度を変更することを伴う。
[例示的なシステム及びデバイス]
図10は、本明細書に記載される技術を実装し得る1又は複数のコンピューティングシステム及び/又は装置を代表する例示的なコンピューティング装置1002を含む、例示的なシステムを概して1000で示す。コンピューティング装置1002は、例えば、ユーザの1又は複数の手で把持されるとともに運ばれるように形成されるとともに寸法決めされるハウジングの使用を通じたモバイル構成を取るように構成されることができ、この図示された例は、携帯電話、携帯ゲーム及び音楽デバイス、及びタブレットコンピュータを含むが、他の例も考えられる。
図示された例示的なコンピューティング装置1002は、処理システム1004、1又は複数のコンピュータ可読媒体1006、及び一方をもう一方と通信可能に結合される1又は複数のI/Oインタフェース1008を含む。図示されていないが、コンピューティング装置1002はさらに、様々な構成要素を、一方をもう一方と結合するシステムバス又は他のデータ及びコマンド伝達システムを含み得る。システムバスは、例えば、メモリバス又はメモリコントローラ、周辺バス、ユニバーサルシリアルバス、及び/又は多種のバスアーキテクチャのいずれかを利用するプロセッサ又はローカルバス等、異なるバス構造のいずれか1つ又は組み合わせを含むことができる。制御及びデータライン等、様々な他の例もまた考えられる。
処理システム1004は、ハードウェアを使用する1又は複数の動作を実行するための機能の代表である。したがって、処理システム1004は、プロセッサ、機能ブロック等として構成され得るハードウェア要素1010を含んで示される。これは、特定用途向け集積回路、或いは1又は複数の半導体を使用して形成される他の論理デバイスとしてのハードウェアへの実装を含み得る。ハードウェア要素1010は、それらが形成される又は処理機構がその中に用いられる材料によって限定されない。例えば、プロセッサは、半導体及び/又はトランジスタ(例えば、電子集積回路(IC))から構成され得る。このような文脈において、プロセッサ実行可能命令は、電子的に実行可能な命令であり得る。
コンピュータ可読記憶媒体1006は、メモリ/ストレージ1012を含んで示される。メモリ/ストレージ1012は、1又は複数のコンピュータ可読媒体と関連したメモリ/ストレージ容量を表す。メモリ/ストレージコンポーネント1012は、揮発性媒体(例えば、ランダムアクセスメモリ(RAM)等)及び/又は不揮発性媒体(例えば、リードオンリメモリ(ROM)、フラッシュメモリ、光ディスク、磁気ディスク等)を含み得る。メモリ/ストレージコンポーネント1012は、固定媒体(例えば、RAM、ROM、固定ハードドライブ等)並びにリムーバブルメディア(例えば、フラッシュメモリ、リムーバブルハードドライブ、光ディスク等)を含み得る。コンピュータ可読媒体1006は、以下にさらに記載されるように様々な他の方法で構成され得る。
入力/出力インタフェース1008は、ユーザがコンピューティング装置1002に命令及び情報を入力することを可能にする、及び、様々な入力/出力装置を用いてユーザ及び/又は他のコンポーネント又はデバイスに情報が提示されることも可能にする、機能を代表する。入力装置の例は、キーボード、カーソル制御装置(例えば、マウス)、マイクロホン、スキャナ、タッチ機能(例えば、物理的なタッチを検出するように構成される静電容量式又は他のセンサ)、カメラ(例えば、タッチを伴わないジェスチャとしての運動を認識するために可視又は赤外線周波数等非可視波長を用い得る)等を含む。出力装置の例は、ディスプレイ装置(例えば、モニタ又はプロジェクタ)、スピーカ、プリンタ、ネットワークカード、触覚応答デバイス等を含む。したがって、コンピューティング装置1002は、ユーザインタラクションをサポートするために様々な方法で構成され得る。
コンピューティング装置1002はさらに、コンピューティング装置1002から物理的且つ通信可能に取り外し可能である入力装置1014に、通信可能に且つ物理的に結合されて示される。この方法では、様々な入力装置が、多種多様な機能性をサポートするように多種多様な構成を有するコンピューティング装置1002に結合され得る。この例では、入力装置1014は、1又は複数のキー1016を含み、これは感圧キー、機械スイッチ式キー等として構成され得る。
入力装置1014はさらに、様々な機能をサポートするように構成され得る1又は複数のモジュール1018を含むように示される。1又は複数のモジュール1018は、例えば、キーストロークが意図されたかどうかを決定するように、入力が静止圧力を示しているかどうかを決定するように、コンピューティング装置1002での作動のための入力装置1014の認証をサポートするように等、キー1016から受けたアナログ及び/又はデジタル信号を処理するように構成され得る。
様々な技術は、ソフトウェア、ハードウェア要素、又はプログラムモジュールの一般的な文脈で本明細書に記載される。一般に、このようなモジュールは、特定のタスクを実行する又は特定の抽象データ型を実装するルーチン、プログラム、オブジェクト、エレメント、コンポーネント、及びデータ構造等を含む。「モジュール」、「機能」、及び「コンポーネント」の用語は、本明細書において用いられる場合、一般に、ソフトウェア、ファームウェア、ハードウェア、又はそれらの組み合わせを表す。本明細書に記載される技術の特徴は、プラットフォームに依存せず、技術が様々なプロセッサを有する様々な商用コンピューティングプラットフォームに実装され得ることを意味する。
記載されたモジュール及び技術の実装は、何らかのコンピュータ可読媒体に記憶され得る又は何らかのコンピュータ可読媒体を渡って送られ得る。コンピュータ可読媒体は、コンピューティング装置1002によってアクセスされ得る様々な媒体を含み得る。例として且つ限定ではなく、コンピュータ可読媒体は、「コンピュータ可読記憶媒体」及び「コンピュータ可読信号媒体」を含み得る。
「コンピュータ可読記憶媒体」は、単なる信号送信、搬送波、又は信号自体とは対照的に、情報の永続的及び/又は非一時的記憶を可能にする媒体及び/又は装置を示し得る。したがって、コンピュータ可読記憶媒体は、非信号搬送媒体を表す。コンピュータ可読記憶媒体は、例えば、揮発性及び不揮発性、リムーバブル及び非リムーバブル媒体、及び/又は、例えばコンピュータ可読命令、データ構造、プログラムモジュール、ロジック素子/回路、又は他のデータ等の情報の記憶に適する方法又は技術で実装される記憶装置、等、ハードウェアを含む。コンピュータ可読記憶媒体の例は、限定されるものではないが、RAM、ROM、EEPROM、フラッシュメモリ又は他のメモリ技術、CD−ROM、ディジタルバーサタイルディスク(DVD)又は他の光ストレージ、ハードディスク、磁気カセット、磁気テープ、磁気ディスク記憶デバイス又は他の磁気記憶デバイス、又は他の記憶デバイス、有形の媒体、又は所望の情報を記憶するのに適切であるとともにコンピュータによってアクセスされ得る製品を含み得る。
「コンピュータ可読信号媒体」は、例えばネットワークを経由して等、コンピューティング装置1002のハードウェアに命令を送信するように構成される信号搬送媒体を示し得る。信号媒体は、典型的には、コンピュータ可読命令、データ構造、プログラムモジュール、又は、例えば、搬送波、データ信号、又は他の搬送機構等、変調データ信号の他のデータを実施し得る。信号媒体はまた、任意の情報配信媒体を含む。用語「変調データ信号」は、1又は複数のその特性が、情報を信号にエンコードするような方法で設定又は変更された信号を意味する。例として且つ限定ではなく、通信媒体は、有線ネットワーク又はダイレクト配線接続等の有線媒体、並びに音響、RF、及び他の無線媒体等の無線媒体を含む。
前述のように、ハードウェア要素1010及びコンピュータ可読媒体1006は、モジュール、プログラム可能デバイスロジック及び/又は1又は複数の命令を実行するように等、本明細書に記載される技術の少なくとも幾つかの態様を実装するために幾つかの実施形態で用いられ得るハードウェアの形態で実装された固定デバイスロジックを代表する。ハードウェアは、集積回路又はオンチップシステムのコンポーネント、特定用途向け集積回路(ASIC)、フィールドプログラマブルゲートアレイ(FPGA)、複合プログラマブル論理デバイス(CPLD)、及びシリコン又は他のハードウェアの他の実装を含み得る。この文脈において、ハードウェアは、ハードウェア並びに、実行のための命令を記憶するために利用されるハードウェア、例えば、前述のコンピュータ可読記憶媒体によって実施される命令及び/又はロジックによって定められるプログラムタスクを実行する処理装置として動作し得る。
前述のものの組み合わせもまた、本明細書に記載された様々な技術を実装するために用いられ得る。したがって、ソフトウェア、ハードウェア、又は実行可能モジュールは、ある形態のコンピュータ可読記憶媒体で及び/又は1又は複数のハードウェア要素1010によって実現される1又は複数の命令及び/又はロジックとして実装され得る。コンピューティング装置1002は、ソフトウェア及び/又はハードウェアモジュールに対応する特定の命令及び/又は機能を実装するように構成され得る。したがって、ソフトウェアとしてコンピューティング装置1002によって実行可能であるモジュールの実装は、例えば、コンピュータ可読記憶媒体及び/又は処理システム1004のハードウェア要素1010の使用を通じて、少なくとも部分的にハードウェアで達成され得る。命令及び/又は機能は、本明細書に記載された技術、モジュール、及び例を実装するように、1又は複数の製品(例えば、1又は複数のコンピューティング装置1002及び/又は処理システム1004)によって実行可能/動作可能であり得る。
[結び]
例示的な実装が、構造的特徴及び/又は方法論的動作に特化した言葉で記載されているが、添付の請求項において定義される実装は、必ずしも、記載された特定の特徴又は動作に限定されるものではないことが理解されるべきである。むしろ、特定の特徴及び動作は、請求項に記載された特徴の実装の例示的な形態として記載されている。

Claims (20)

  1. スペーサ層によってセンサ基板から離間されるフレキシブル接触層を有する少なくとも1つの感圧キーを有する装置であって、
    前記フレキシブル接触層は、前記感圧キーに関連付けられる、コンピューティング装置のための、入力を引き起こすために前記センサ基板に接触する圧力の印加に応じて曲がるように構成され、
    前記フレキシブル接触層又は前記センサ基板の少なくとも一方は、前記フレキシブル接触層の第1の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第1の位置の導体よりも前記センサ基板の平面に沿って大きい表面積を有する導体を前記センサ基板の第2の位置において使用することによって、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置において印加される圧力から生じる出力を、前記フレキシブル接触層の第2の位置において印加される圧力から生じる出力と、少なくとも部分的に基準化するように構成される、
    装置。
  2. 前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置は、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置より前記スペーサ層の端部の近くに位置する、
    請求項1に記載の装置。
  3. 前記フレキシブル接触層は、前記第1の位置と比べて前記第2の位置において大きい量の感圧インクを含むことによって前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項1に記載の装置。
  4. 前記センサ基板は:
    前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第1の位置の第1のセンサ;及び
    前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第2の位置の第2のセンサ;
    を含むことによって、前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項1に記載の装置。
  5. 前記センサ基板は、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第1の位置よりも前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第2の位置において、前記センサ基板の導体を互いに近い間隔にすることによって前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項1に記載の装置。
  6. コンピューティング装置の入力を引き起こすように構成される複数の感圧キーを有するキーボードであって、前記複数の感圧キーのそれぞれは、スペーサ層によってセンサ基板から離間されるフレキシブル接触層を有し、前記フレキシブル接触層は、前記コンピューティング装置のための前記感圧キーに関連付けられる入力を引き起こすために前記センサ基板に接触する圧力の印加に応じて曲がるように構成され、
    前記フレキシブル接触層又は前記センサ基板の少なくとも一方は、前記フレキシブル接触層の第1の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第1の位置の導体よりも前記センサ基板の平面に沿って大きい表面積を有する導体を前記センサ基板の第2の位置において使用するか、かつ/又は前記センサ基板の前記第1の位置の導体よりも前記センサ基板の前記第2の位置において導体を互いに近い間隔にすることによって、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置において印加される圧力から生じる出力を、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置において印加される圧力から生じる出力と、少なくとも部分的に基準化するように構成される、
    キーボード。
  7. 前記フレキシブル接触層は、前記第1の位置と比べて前記第2の位置における抵抗を減少させることによって前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項6に記載のキーボード。
  8. 前記センサ基板は:
    前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第1の位置の第1のセンサ;及び
    前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第2の位置の第2のセンサ;
    を含む、
    請求項6に記載のキーボード。
  9. 前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置は、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置より前記スペーサ層の端部の近くに位置する、
    請求項6に記載のキーボード。
  10. 前記フレキシブル接触層は、圧力の量に応じて前記第1の位置で、前記圧力の量の印加に応じた前記第2の位置におけるより、大きく曲がるように構成される、
    請求項6に記載のキーボード。
  11. 装置であって:
    少なくとも1つの感圧キーを有し、前記少なくとも1つの感圧キーは:
    センサ基板と;
    スペーサ層によって前記センサ基板から離間されるフレキシブル接触層であって、前記フレキシブル接触層は、前記感圧キーに関連付けられる入力を引き起こすために前記センサ基板に接触する圧力の印加に応じて曲がるように構成され、前記フレキシブル接触層及び前記センサ基板は、前記センサ基板の導体を1つの位置において前記センサ基板の他の位置より互いに近い間隔にすることによって、異なる柔軟性を有する前記フレキシブル接触層の異なる位置において印加される圧力から生じる出力を少なくとも部分的に基準化するように構成される、フレキシブル接触層と;
    を有する、
    装置。
  12. 前記位置の少なくとも1つは、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記位置の他の1つより前記スペーサ層の端部の近くに位置する、
    請求項11に記載の装置。
  13. 前記フレキシブル接触層は、前記位置の1つにおける抵抗を前記位置の他と比較して減少させることによって、前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項11に記載の装置。
  14. 前記フレキシブル接触層は、前記位置の1つにおいて、前記位置の他と比較して大きい量の感圧インクを含むことによって、前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項11に記載の装置。
  15. 前記センサ基板は、前記センサ基板の1つ位置において他の位置より大きい表面積を有する前記センサ基板の導体を使用することによって、前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項11に記載の装置。
  16. スペーサ層によってセンサ基板から離間されるフレキシブル接触層を有する少なくとも1つの感圧キーを有する装置であって、
    前記フレキシブル接触層は、前記感圧キーに関連付けられる、コンピューティング装置のための、入力を引き起こすために前記センサ基板に接触する圧力の印加に応じて曲がるように構成され、
    前記フレキシブル接触層又は前記センサ基板の少なくとも一方は、前記フレキシブル接触層の第1の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第1の位置の第1のセンサと、前記フレキシブル接触層の第2の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第2の位置の第2のセンサであって、前記第1のセンサより増加した感度を有する第2のセンサとを含むことによって、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置において印加される圧力から生じる出力を、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置において印加される圧力から生じる出力と少なくとも部分的に基準化するように構成される、
    装置。
  17. 前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置は、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置より前記スペーサ層の端部の近くに位置する、
    請求項16に記載の装置。
  18. 前記フレキシブル接触層はまた、前記第2の位置において、前記第1の位置と比較して大きい量の感圧インクを含むことによって、前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項16に記載の装置。
  19. 前記センサ基板はまた、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第1の位置よりも、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第2の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第2の位置において、前記センサ基板の導体を互いに近い間隔にすることによって、前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項16に記載の装置。
  20. 前記センサ基板はまた、前記フレキシブル接触層の前記第1の位置に対応する前記センサ基板の第1の位置の導体よりも大きい表面積を有する導体を前記センサ基板の第2の位置において使用することによって、前記出力を基準化するように構成される、
    請求項16に記載の装置。
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US20140043275A1 (en) 2014-02-13
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US9047207B2 (en) 2015-06-02
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US9098117B2 (en) 2015-08-04
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US20130232353A1 (en) 2013-09-05
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US9904327B2 (en) 2018-02-27
US9852855B2 (en) 2017-12-26
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AU2013353498A1 (en) 2014-09-11
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US20130322001A1 (en) 2013-12-05
RU2014135573A (ru) 2016-03-27
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US20140048399A1 (en) 2014-02-20

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