CN1285447A - 用于连接建筑板的系统 - Google Patents

用于连接建筑板的系统 Download PDF

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CN1285447A
CN1285447A CN00120299A CN00120299A CN1285447A CN 1285447 A CN1285447 A CN 1285447A CN 00120299 A CN00120299 A CN 00120299A CN 00120299 A CN00120299 A CN 00120299A CN 1285447 A CN1285447 A CN 1285447A
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托尼·佩尔万
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Abstract

本发明涉及一个用来铺设和机械连接建筑镶板(尤其是又薄又硬的活动地板)的系统。两块镶板(1,2)的相邻连接棱边(3,4)相互啮合,以提供一个第一机械连接,从而在垂直于镶板基本平面的第一方向(D1)锁紧连接棱边(3,4)。在每一个连接处还提供一个簧片(6),它与一个连接棱边(3)做成整体,并伸到另一个连接棱边(4)下方。簧片(6)具有一个向上凸出并能与另一连接棱边(4)的背面(16)上的锁定槽(14)啮合的锁定件(8),以便形成第二机械连接,在平行于镶板基本平面并与连接棱边成一直角的镶板第二方面(D2)锁紧(1,2)。第一和第二机械连接都允许被连接镶板(1,2)沿连接棱边方向相互移动。

Description

用于连接建筑板的系统
本发明涉及一种系统，它用来提供沿着两块建筑板，尤其是地面镶板的相邻连接棱边的一种连接。
更确切地说，所说连接是这种类型：相邻连接棱边共同形成一个第一机械连接，它沿着一个与镶板的基本平面与一直角的第一方向使连接棱边相互锁紧；而且有一个锁定装置形成一个第二机械连接，它沿着一个平行于基本平面并且与连接棱边成一直角的第二方向，使镶板相互锁紧，所述锁定装置包括一个锁定槽，它与一块镶板的连接棱边平行并且相隔地延伸，所述锁定槽在这块镶板的背面开口。
本发明尤其适用于地面镶板，特别是薄层压地板的连接。因此下面对于已有技术的描述以及对于本发明目的和特征的描述将集中在这个使用领域中。当然，本发明也可用于普通的木质地板以及其它类型的建筑镶板，例如壁板和顶板。
美国专利3，538，665公开了一种铺装的地面镶板，该镶板包括面板和背板，面板的背面开有槽，背板可嵌入面板背面的槽中，背板四周与面板的槽边缘之间留有间隙，背板粘结在地面上。
在SE450，141中曾披露过上述类型的连接．第一机械连接是借助于具有舌状物以及沟槽的连接棱边获得的。用于第二机械连接的锁定装置包括两个倾斜锁定槽，其中一个槽位于每块镶板的背面，多个沿着连接处分布的隔开的弹簧夹，弹簧腿被压入槽内并产生偏移，从而将地面镶板紧紧地夹在一起。这样一种连接方法专门用于连接薄的地面镶板。以便形成广阔的表面。
厚度7至10毫米左右的薄地面镶板，尤其是层压镶板，已经在短时间内取得了相当大的市场份额。所使用的各种薄地面镶板均被铺设成没有与支承结构相连的“活动地板”。作为一种标准，地区镶板的尺寸为200×1200毫米，在它们的长边和短边上做出舌状物和沟槽。按照惯例，组装这种地板时在沟槽中涂胶，并加力使它们连接在一起。于是舌状物被粘结在另一块镶板的沟槽中。按照规定，一块层压地板应包括：厚度约1毫米的层压板上部耐磨装饰层、碎料板或其它板制成的中间芯部以及为了平衡这种结构的底层。比起层压板来芯部的性能，例如说硬度和防水性要差得多，它主要是为了提供组装用的沟槽和舌状物而需要的。这种结构的总厚度必须是至少为7毫米左右。然而，使用这种已知的、舌状物和沟槽用胶粘连接的层压地板会碰到不少麻烦：
首先，在铺设这种地板时需要至少为7毫米左右的总厚度，这就带来了不受欢迎的制约，因为使用这种薄地面镶板时产生一个容易碰到的低门槛，而且通常必须调节门的高度，以便避开已铺设的地板。此外，由于材料消耗量大，生产成本增加了。
其次，芯部必须用吸水性材料制成，以便在铺设地板时可使用水基胶。使用所谓的密实层压板将地板做得较薄；在这里是不可能的，其原因是：对于这种非吸水性芯材而言，没有适用的胶粘方法。
第三，因为这种地板的层压层具有高抗磨性，在制造这个与舌状物成形有关的表面时，工具磨损成为一个主要问题。
第四，连接强度取决于胶粘的舌状物和沟槽的连接，因此它受到芯部、胶的性能以及沟槽的深度和宽度的限制。而铺设质量则完全取决于胶。万一胶不好，空气湿度变化等原因产生的拉应力就会使连接断开。
第五，因为每块镶板的长短边都必须涂胶，这种舌状物和沟槽胶粘连接的地板铺设时间长。
第六，这种胶粘地板一旦铺设，必须弄断连接处才能拆开。因此已取下的地面镶板不能再次使用。这对于租用的房屋来说尤其是个大毛病。因为一些有关板片必须放回到原先占用状态。在公用房屋或其它有部分地板遭到较大磨损的场合，特别需要更换已损坏或磨损的一部分镶板，这也必须花费很大的力量。
第七，已知的层压地板不适用于会有水份向下渗入对水分敏感的芯部的场合。
第八，为了抑制碰撞声响以及在地板上行走更为舒适，现有的硬的活动地板在镶板铺设到硬的底层地板之前，要先铺一层分离的地板、毛毡或泡沫塑料之类的底层。该底层必须棱边对棱边地放置，这是一项很麻烦的工作，不同的底层会影响地板的性能。
因此，迫切需要克服现有技术的上述缺点。然而，不能简单地把已有的用胶粘结舌状物和沟槽的连接方法用于很薄的地板，例如厚度约为3毫米的地板，这是因为，以舌状物和沟槽连接为基础的连接没有足够的强度，因而制造这样的薄地板实际上是不可能的。也没有任何其它已知的连接方法可以用于这样的薄地板。用密实层压板之类制成的薄地板产生问题的另一个原因在于镶板的厚度公差，对于一块厚度约为3毫米的镶板来说，其厚度公差约为0.2-0.3毫米。一块具有这样的厚度公差的3毫米实层压板，在其背面厚度一致时总是具有不对称设计，从而带来隆起的危险。然而，如果镶板具有不同厚度，连接将容易受到额外的载荷。
在镶板的底面上使用双面胶带之类也不能解决上述问题。因为在正常粘结情况下，这种连接是直接粘结，不能进行以后的镶板调节。
在上文所述的SE450，141或者类似技术中曾提到使用“V”形夹子克服上面提及的缺点，但是均不可行。特别是，这种类型的偏置夹子不能用于3毫米的小厚度镶板的连接。通常，不接近这种镶板的底面是无法拆卸这些镶板的。这种依靠夹子的已知技术还有另外一些缺点：
——在铺设时镶板沿其纵向的调节十分麻烦，这是因为夹子推动镶板使它们相互紧靠。
——铺设使用夹子的地板十分费时。
——这种技术只在下述情况有用：地板镶板搁置在下方铺设的托梁上，托梁之间放置着夹子。而对于放置在一个连接平坦的支承结构上的薄地板来说，就不能使用这样的夹子。
——只有地面镶板的长边能被连接。而在其短边上没有提供夹子连接。
本发明的一个主要目的是：提供一个把建筑镶板，尤其是用于硬的活动地板的地面镶板连接在一起的系统，它允许使用一种地面镶板，其整个厚度小于现有地面镶板的厚度。
本发明的特殊目的是：提供一个镶板连接系统，该系统
——能用一种简单、便宜、合理的方法，不需要使用粘合胶，就能在地面镶板之间提供一种连接，尤其是镶板之间的连接基本上只是机械连接。
——能用来连接一种地面镶板，这种镶板的厚度小于现有层压地板的厚度，而且由于它使用一种不同的芯部材料，性能比现有的厚度为3毫米的地板好得多；
——能在薄地板镶板之间提供一种没有任何不平整的连接，所述不平整是由于镶板的厚度公差造成的；
——允许连接镶板的所有棱边；
——在制造具有硬表面层的地面镶板时能减少工具磨损；
——允许重复拆装已铺设的地板，而不会造成镶板的损坏，同时仍能保证高的铺设质量；
——能提供防水地板；
——不再需要在铺设地面镶板之前精确地单独铺设底层；
——大大节省镶板连接的时间。
具有所附权利要求中列举的特征的镶板连接系统，将使本发明获得上述和其它目的。
因此本发明提供了一种系统，该系统用来形成沿着两块建筑镶板，尤其是地面镶板的相邻连接棱边的一种连接，在这种连接中：
相邻连接棱边在一起形成一第一机械连接，该第一机械连接沿着一与镶板基本平面形成一直角的第一方向，使连接棱边相互锁紧；
一设置在镶板的背面的锁定装置，它形成一第二机械连接，该第二机械连接沿着一个平行于所述基本平面并且与连接棱边成一直角的第二方向使镶板相互锁紧。所述锁定装置包括一个锁定槽，它与被称作槽板的一块所述镶板的连接棱边平行且相隔地延伸，并且在所述槽板的背面上开口，其特征为：
所述锁定装置还包括一个簧片，所述簧片与被称作簧板的另一块所述镶板成一整体，它沿所述簧板连接棱边的几乎整个长度延伸，并且还提供一个从簧片伸出的锁定件，以至于当镶板被连接在一起时，从槽板背面伸出的簧片以及它的锁定件被容纳在所述槽板的锁定槽中。
所述镶板在相互连接时，能沿着所述第二方向占有一个相对位置，在所述锁定槽和锁定件上的一个锁定面之间存在一个间隙，所述锁定面面对连接棱边而且在所述第二机械连接中起作用。
所述第一和第二机械连接两者都允许镶板沿着连接棱边的方向相互位移。
此外，当所述槽板绕其连接棱边转动一个角度离开簧片时，所述第二机械连接允许锁定件离开锁定槽。
上文中使用的称呼“背面”应该被理解为：包括位于镶板正面的后方或下方的任何一个镶板侧面。因此，槽板锁定槽的开口平面能布置在距离镶板(它搁置在支承结构上)背面一定距离处。在本发明中，簧片延伸通过簧板连接棱边的几乎整个长度，它应被考虑包括两种情况：簧片为连续的不间断构件，以及“簧片”沿其纵向包括几个部分，这几个部分共同盖住连接棱边的主要部分。
还应指出：1)第一和第二机械连接允许镶板沿着连接棱边方向相互位移；2)当槽板绕其连接棱边转动一个角度离开簧片时，第二机械连接允许锁定件离开锁定槽。因此，在本发明的范围内，可以存在一些方法和装置，例如说胶粘和机械装置，以便减少或防止这种位移和/或向上转动。
根据本发明的系统能为硬、薄地面镶板的长短侧边提供隐藏而又精确的锁紧。地面镶板能按与铺设相反的顺序又快又方便地拆开，不会对镶板造成任何损伤，在此同时还能确保优秀的铺设质量。镶板的装拆比现有系统快得多，任何已损坏或者磨损的镶板都能更换，只要取出并重新铺上这部分地板即可。
本发明专门的最佳实施例提供了一种系统，它能为厚度3毫米左右的薄地面镶板形成一个精确的连接，在此同时，在连接处提供一个与公差无关的光滑的顶面。为此目的，将簧片安装在一个调整切口中，该切口从簧板背面凹入，并且从切口底部到簧板正面的距离等于一个精确的、预先确定的数值。簧片在槽板下方伸出的部分与一个相应的调整切口啮合，所述切口从槽板的背面凹入，并且从切口底部到槽板正面的距离也等于同一个精确的、预先确定的数值。簧片的厚度至少是这样：簧片的背面是高出的，最好是朝镶板背面下方稍微伸出。在这个实施例中，处于连接状态的镶板总是用它们的调整切口搁置在簧片上，于是就排除了厚度公差的影响，使连接的顶面变得平滑并使连接具有必要的强度，簧片把水平和向上方向的力传递给镶板，并把向下方向的力传递给已存在的底层地板。
簧片最好用一种易弯曲的、弹性的高强度材料制成，并且能被锯开。最佳簧片材料是一种铝板。一个厚度为0.5毫米左右的铝质簧片就能具有足够的强度。
为了能用一种简单的方法取出原先铺设的、已连接好的地面镶板，本发明的一个最佳实施例具有以下特征：当沿着第二方向压迫槽板，使其紧靠簧板并且转动一个角度离开簧片时，在槽板的转动轴线和锁定槽的最靠近连接棱边的锁定面之间的最大距离使锁定件能离开锁定槽，不会接触到锁定槽的锁定面。即使上文提到的锁定槽和锁定面之间的间隙不大于0.2毫米，也能完成这样一种拆卸。
根据本发明，甚至在锁定件的锁定面高度很小的情况下，它也能提供很好的锁紧功能。采用2毫米这么低的锁定面能使3毫米地板镶板得到有效锁紧。甚至一个0.5毫米高的锁定面也能提供足够的锁紧。此处所用的称呼“锁定面”是指锁定件的一个部分，它与锁定槽啮合从而形成第二机械连接。
为使本发明功能最佳，在簧板上做出的簧片和锁定件应具有较高的精度。特别是，锁定件的锁定面离开簧板连接棱边的距离要精确。
此外，地面镶板的啮合范围越小越好，因为它削弱地板的强度。
使用已有技术的制造方法能做出一个具有锁定销的簧片，例如，将铝或塑料挤压成适用的形状，然后把它们粘结到地面镶板上或者插入专门的沟槽之中。然而，这些或者其它传统的方法均不能保证最佳的功能和最佳的经济效果。为了生产本发明连接系统，簧片适于用铝板制成，并机械地固定在簧板上。
这种镶板的第一种铺设方法为：首先将簧板放置在底层地板上，然后使槽板基本平面与底层地板平面成一角度，并将槽板的长边移动到簧板的长边。当连接棱边相互啮合形成第一机械连接时，把槽板向下转动一个角度，使锁定件容纳在锁定槽之中。
这种镶板的第二种铺设方法为：首先将簧板和槽板都平放在底层地板上，然后使两块镶板的基本平面相互平行地进行连接，在此同时簧片向下弯曲，直到锁定件突然进入锁定槽为止。这种铺设方法能用于地面镶板短边和长边的特殊机械锁紧。例如：镶板的两个长边可以用将槽板向下转动一个角度的第二种铺设方法连接在一起，而短边通过以下方法基本上连接在一起：沿着槽板的纵向推动槽板，直到它的短边被压住并锁紧在同一行的相邻镶板的短边上。
根据地面镶板制造方法的不同，能为地面镶板做出一个例如为地板、泡沫塑料或者毛毡的底层。该底层应该适当地盖住簧片，使底层之间的连接相对于地板镶板之间的连接是错开的。
本发明的上述和其它的特征和优点将在所附权利要求以及下文对于本发明实施例的介绍中列举出。
下面结合附图详细介绍本发明。
图1a和1b分两个阶段示意地表示：作为本发明第一实施例的两块不同厚度的地面镶板是如何以活动方式连接在一起的。
图2a-c分三个阶段表示一种方法，它用来把作为本发明第二实施例的两块地面镶板机械地连接在一起。
图3a-c分三个阶段表示：用来把图2a-c中所示的地面镶板机械地连接在一起的另一种方法。
图4a和4b分别画出图2a-c中所示的一块地面镶板的底视和顶视图。
图5是一张透视图，描述作为本发明第三实施例的地面镶板的铺设和连接。
图6是一张底视透视图，描述用来在一块地面镶板上安装一个簧片的第一变型。
图7是一张局部视图，描述用来在一块地面镶板上安装一个簧片的第二变型。
现在参见图1a和1b，在这两张图中画出了一个第一地面镶板和一个第二地面镶板，在下文中分别把它们称为簧板和槽板。“簧板”和“槽板”的称呼只是为了便于本发明的叙述，实际上，镶板1、2通常是相同的。镶板1、2可由密实层压板制成，厚度约3毫米，厚度公差约±0.2毫米。考虑到这一厚度公差的影响，在介绍镶板1，2时把它们说成具有不同的厚度(见图1b)，即簧板1具有最大厚度(3.2毫米)，槽板2具有最小厚度(2.8毫米)。
为了使镶板1、2能用相对连接棱边3、4进行机械连接，在板上分别做出凹槽和簧片，下文将对它们作出说明。
图4a和4b分别是地面镶板基本设计的底视和顶视图，下面在主要参考图1a、1b的同时也参考一下图4a、4b。
从簧板1的连接棱边3，即一个长侧边水平伸出一个平簧片6，所述簧片6在工厂中就被安装在簧板1的底面，并且延伸通过整个连接棱边3。簧片6由可弯曲的弹性铝板制成，可用胶粘或其它任何适合的方法进行机械固定。在图1a和1b中，簧片6是用胶粘的，而在图4a和4b中是用机械连接法安装的(详见下述)。
簧片也可用其它材料制成，例如可用其它金属板材以及铝或塑料的型材。此外，簧片6也可与簧板1整体形成。无论如何，簧片6应与簧板1连成整体，也就是说，它不是在铺设时才安装在簧板1上。作为一个非限制性实例，簧片6的宽度可为30毫米左右，厚度可为0.5毫米左右。
从图4a和4b可以看出，在簧板1的一个短边3’上还做出一个截面相同长度较短簧片6’。但短簧片6’不是延伸通过整个短边3’，它与簧片6基本相同，在此不再作详细介绍。
簧片6的远离连接棱边3的边缘做出一个延伸通过整个簧片6的锁定件8。所述锁定件8具有一个面对连接棱边3的锁定面10，其高度可为0.5毫米。锁定件8被设计成这样：在铺设地板时，图1a中的槽板2以其连接棱边4压住簧板1的连接棱边3，然后向下转一个角度，贴近底层地板12，如图1b所示；此时锁定件8进入一个在槽板2的背面16上做出的、平行于连接棱边4并与其相隔地延伸的锁定槽14之中。在图1b中，锁定件8与锁定槽14一起构成一个机械连接，使镶板1、2沿标出的D2方向相互锁定。更确切地说，该锁定件8的锁定面10对于锁定槽14最接近连接棱边4的一个面，起到一个停止器的作用。
当镶板1、2被连接在一起之后，它们在D2方向占有的相对位置关系为：在锁定面10和锁定槽14之间有一个小间隙Δ。这个沿D2方向的机械连接允许镶板1、2沿连接方向作相互位移，从而大大方便了铺设工作，并使短边也能以一个迅速进入动作连接在一起。
从图4a和4b可以看出，此系统中的每一块镶板在一个长边3上具有一个簧片6，在另一个长边4上具有一个锁定槽14，并且在一个短边3’上具有一个簧片6’，在另一个短边4’上具有一个锁定槽14’。
此外，在镶板1的连接棱边3的背面18上做出一个凹部20，所述凹部20延伸通过整个连接棱边3并与簧片6的正面22共同构成一个侧向开口24，而在镶板2的正面26做出一个相应凹部28，从而形成一个适于进入开口24的锁定舌状物30，以便形成一个机械连接，把连接棱边3、4沿标出的D1方向相互连接在一起。这种连接也能用连接棱边3、4的其它设计方法来达到，例如，采用一种倾斜的连接边，使槽板2的连接棱边4向下倾斜地通过簧板1的连接棱边3，最后被锁紧在棱边3以及簧板6之间。
镶板1、2可按照与铺设相反的顺序取出，连接处不会有任何损伤，因而可以重复铺设。
簧片6被安装在一个公差调整切口40中，所述切口40位于簧板背面18的与连接棱边3相邻处。在这个实施例中，调整切口40的宽度大约等于簧片宽度之半，也即大约15毫米。借助于调整切口40，能保证在镶板1的正面21和切口40的底面之间的距离总是等于一个精确的预定数值E，所述E值稍小于地面镶板1、2的最小厚度(2.8毫米)。槽板背面16的与连接棱边4相邻处有一个相应的公差调整表面或者说调整切口42。在调整切口42底面和槽板正面26之间的距离也等于上述精确的预定数值E。此外，簧片6的厚度是这样选定的：簧片背面44分别位于镶板1、2的背面18、16的稍低处。如此，整个连接将搁置在簧片6上，而且所有垂直向下的力都将有效地传递到底层地板12上，没有任何应力会施加到连接棱边3、4上。由于设置了这种调整切口40、42，就可忽略镶板1、2厚度公差的影响，获得顶面完全平滑的连接，不必再在整个镶板表面进行磨削之类的操作。特别是，这将排除密实层压板被损伤的危险，这种损伤会造成镶板隆起。
现在参见图2a-c所示的本发明第二实施例，图中所画的镶板铺设次序图1a和1b基本相同。图2a-c实施例与图1a、1b实施例的主要差别在于，簧片6是用机械连接而不是用胶粘法安装在簧板1上的。为了提供这种机械连接(在图6中作了更为详细的描述)，在簧板背面18相距开口24一个距离处做出槽50。所述槽50可以是一个穿过镶板1整个长度的连接槽，也可以是多个相互分开的槽。槽50与开口24一起构成一个燕尾啮合棱边52，棱边52的下面到簧板1的正面21的距离是一个严格相等的数值E。铝簧片6具有多个冲压的弯曲舌状物54，以及一个或者多个唇部56，它们绕着啮合棱边52的相对侧面弯曲，呈夹紧啮合状态。透视图6从下方更为详细地表示出这种连接方法。
图7是一张上下颠倒的局部剖视图，作为替代，可以采用该图中表示的簧片6和簧板1之间的机械连接。在图7中，所述机械连接包括：位于簧板1背面18的一个燕尾槽58以及多个舌状物或者唇部60，所述舌状物或者唇部60是从簧片6冲压弯曲而成，并且夹紧燕尾槽58的相对内侧面。
图2a-c实施例还具有以下特征：簧片6的锁定件8被设计成一个来自铝板的弯构件，它包括一个活动锁定面10、一个圆形引导面34以及一个区段36。所述锁定面10是从簧片6的正面22向上呈直角伸出，通过一个譬如为0.5毫米的高度而形成的；当槽板2倾斜向下朝底层地板推入时，所述引导面34便于将锁定件8插入锁定槽14之中(见图2b)；而所述区段36朝底层地板12倾斜，它在图2a-c所描述的铺设方法中并不起作用。
此外，从图2a-c可以看出，簧板连接棱边3具有一个下斜面70，它在铺设期间与槽板连接棱边4的相应上斜面72配合，因此，当镶板连接棱边3、4按照图3a-c相互面对地移动并且被水平地压在一起时，镶板1、2被迫进行垂直运动。
锁定面10相对于连接棱边3的位置最好是这样：当槽板2从图2c所示的连接位置沿着D2方向水平压住簧板1，并且从簧片6向上转动一个角度时，在槽板2的转动轴线A以及锁定面10之间的最大距离，能使锁定件8离开锁定槽14而且不与后者接触。
图3a-c画出用来把图2a-c镶板机械连接在一起的另一种连接方法。在图3a-c中描述的方法来源于簧片6具有弹性这一事实，在已经按图2a-c沿着一个长边连接之后的镶板再要把它们的短边连接在一起时，这种方法特别有用。图3a-c方法的实施步骤是：首先把两块镶板1、2平放在底层地板12上，然后使它们按图3b水平地相互移动。在此过程中，锁定件8的倾斜区段36起到一个引导面的作用，把槽板2的连接棱边4引导到簧片6的正面22上。然后簧片6被向下推动，在此同时锁定件8在调整切口42上滑动。当连接棱边3、4水平地相互进入完全啮合状态时，锁定件8迅速进入锁定槽14(见图3c)，从而提供了与图2c相同的锁紧。也能这样使用同一种锁紧方法：在起始状态，把具有调整切口42的槽板连接棱边4放置在锁定件8上(见图3a)。于是锁定件8的倾斜区段不再起导向作用。此种方法能沿着所有方向机械锁定地面镶板，而且能反复铺设，整个地板的铺设可不用任何粘合胶。
本发明不受上文所述以及附图描述的最佳实施例的限制，在所附权利要求的范围内可进行各种变化和变形。簧片6可以分成几个盖住连接长度主要部分的小段，此外，簧片6的厚度可随其宽度而改变。所有簧片、锁定槽、锁定件以及凹部的尺寸确定原则是：在连接状态，以搁置在簧片6上的方式能把地面镶板铺设得具有平滑的顶面。如果地面镶板由密实层压板制成，如果在铺设前在簧片6的平面凸出部分和槽板2之间和/或在凹部26内施加聚硅氧烷或其它密封物、或者一个橡胶带或其它任何密封装置，就可得到防水地板。
如同图6所示，在制造镶板期间，能在镶板的底面上安装一个底板，泡沫塑料或者毛毡之类的底层46。在一个实施例中，下层46盖住簧板6直到锁定件8处，因此在底层46之间的连接相对于连接棱边3和4之间的连接是错开的。
在图5所示的实施例中，簧片6和它的锁定件8与簧板1做成整体，因此簧片6的伸出部分成为连接棱边3下部的一个延伸段。其锁紧功能与上面的实施例相同。在簧板1的背面18上还提供一个带材之类做成的分离簧片74，它延伸穿过整个连接长度，而且在这个实施例中，簧片74的宽度所覆盖的表面与原先实施例中分离簧片6覆盖的表面大致相同。簧片74能直接做在底面18上，或者是做在该处的一个切口中(未画出)，以至于以镶板正面21、26到背面76的距离(包括簧片74的厚度)总是至少等于具有最大厚度公差的镶板的相应距离。于是，在连接状态，镶板1、2将搁置在簧片74上；如果镶板的背面18、16是平的，就搁置在背面18、16上。
当所用的材料不允许簧片6或者锁定件8向下弯曲，铺设工作能按图5所示的方法进行。一块地面镶板2a向上成一角度地运动，使其长边4a与预先铺设的镶板1的长边3啮合，在此同时，一块第三地面镶板2b运动，以其短边4b’与向上成一角度的镶板2a的短边3a’啮合，然后把镶板2b向下转一角度使它被扣住。接下来，沿着向上成一角度的镶板2a的短边3a’推动镶板2b，直到它的长边4b碰到原先铺设的镶板1的长边3为止。最后使两块向上成一角度的镶板2a和2b一齐向下转一角度贴近底层地板12，于是完成锁紧。
按照与铺设相反的顺序就能取下已铺设的镶板，不会对连接部位造成任何损伤，从而可以重新铺设。
可以想到最佳铺设方法的几种变化，例如，能将簧板插在槽板下方，从而能沿着相对于起始位置的所有四个方向铺设镶板。

Claims (9)

1．一种地板系统，它包括若干矩形地板块(1，2)，该地板块分别沿所述地板块的平行排列着的相邻的长棱边(3，4)和短棱边(3’，4’)相互机械连接，所述地板块设有一种装置，该装置使地板块的长棱边(3，4)及其短棱边(3’，4’)在与地板的基本平面成直角的第一方向(D1)上机械锁定在一起，从而在地板块(1，2)之间形成第一机械连接，其特征在于：
每个地板块的背面是
(ⅰ)在一条长棱边(3)和一条短棱边(3’)上分别具有一个锁定簧片(6，6’)，每个锁定簧片(6，6’)与地板块(1，2)形成一个整体构件，并形成地板块(1，2)的对应棱边的下部的延伸部分，每个锁定簧片(6，6’)在地板块的对应棱边的基本上全长上延伸，并设有一个突出的锁定件(8)，和
(ⅱ)在相对的长棱边(4)和相对的短棱边(4’)上分别设有一个锁定槽(14，14’)，每个锁定槽(14，14’)平行于对应棱边(4，4’)并与其隔开地延伸，而且在地板块(1，2)的背面开口，所述锁定簧片(6，6’)和锁定槽(14，14’)形成第二机械连接，该第二机械连接沿着一个平行于所述基本平面并且与连接棱边(3，4；3’，4’)成一直角的第二方向(D2)使地板块(1，2)相互锁紧，因此两个连接的地板块中的第一个地板块(1)的簧片(6，6’)在第二地板块的背面上突出，并且其锁定件(8)容纳在第二地板块(2)的锁定槽(14，14’)中，
所述第一机械连接允许地板块(1，2)沿着长棱边(3，4)的方向相互移动；
所述地板块在沿着长棱边(3，4)的方向相互连接时，能沿着所述第二方向(D2)占有一个相对位置，在所述锁定槽(14)和锁定件(8)上的一个锁定面(10)之间存在一个间隙(Δ)，所述锁定面(10)面对长棱边(3，4)，因此所述第二机械连接允许地板块(1，2)沿着长棱边(3，4)的方向相互移动；
此外，当与锁定槽(14)关联的所述地板块(2)绕其长棱边(4)转动一个角度离开簧片(6)时，所述第二机械连接沿其长棱边(3，4)允许锁定件(8)离开锁定槽(14)，和
在短棱边(3’，4’)的每个锁定簧片(6’)是可回弹的和弹性的，因此，通过使所述两个地板块水平相向移动，与此同时，在所述短棱边的其中之一(3’)处，可回弹地向下压迫弹性簧片(6’)，直到两个地板块(1，2)的所述相邻的短棱边(3’，4’)已经水平地相互完全接合，已经与一个第三地板块的共同的长棱边机械连接的该两个地板块(1，2)，在其相邻的短棱边(3’，4’)处，机械连接在一起，因此，在所述一个短棱边(3’)处，锁定件(8)卡扣进入第二短棱边(4’)的锁定槽(14’)内。
2．如权利要求1所述的地板系统，其特征在于，当与锁定槽(14)关联的所述地板块(2)绕其连接棱边(4)向着簧片(6)转动一个角度时，所述第一机械连接以及第二机械连接沿着长棱边(3，4)允许锁定件(8)进入锁定槽(14)，与此同时，使与锁定槽关联的地板块(2)的连接棱边(4)的上部保持与相邻的地板块(1)的连接棱边(3)的上部接触，该相邻的地板块(1)与簧片关联。
3．如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于，当与锁定槽关联的所述地板块(2)绕其连接棱边(4)离开簧片(6)转动一个角度时，所述第一机械连接以及第二机械连接沿着长棱边(3，4)允许锁定件(8)离开锁定槽(14)，与此同时，使与锁定槽关联的地板块(2)的连接棱边(4)的上部保持与相邻的地板块(1)的连接棱边(3)的上部接触，该相邻的地板块(1)与簧片关联。
4．如上述权利要求中任一所述的地板系统，其特征在于，为了可回弹地向下压迫弹性簧片(6’)，与此同时，使所述相邻的短棱边(3’，4’)水平相向移动，因此，所述相邻的短棱边(3’，4’)设有配合操作下斜面和上斜面(70，72)，因此，当相邻的短棱边(3’，4’)向上相互移动，并且地板块(1，2)水平压在一起时，地板块(1，2)被迫垂直相向移动。
5．如上述权利要求中任一所述的地板系统，其特征在于，所述锁定件(8)的锁定面(10)从簧片(6，6’)的正面(22)沿所述第一方向伸出，其高度小于或等于2毫米。
6．如上述权利要求中任一所述的系统，其特征在于，所述锁定件(8)由一个沿着簧片(6，6’)连续地延伸的锁紧棱边组成。
7．如上述权利要求中任一所述的地板系统，其特征在于，地板、泡沫塑料或毛毡之类的底层(46)固定在所述地板块(1，2)的背面(18，16)上。
8．如权利要求7所述的地板系统，其特征在于，所述底层(46)固定，以便沿所述第二方向覆盖所述簧片(6，6’)并至少到达锁定件(8)处，从而两块相邻地板块(1，2)的底层(46)之间的连接相对于连接棱边(3，4；3’，4’)在所述第二方向是错开的。
9．如上述权利要求中任一所述的地板系统，其特征在于，为了密封住另一个地板块(2)，在所述锁定件(8)和与簧片关联的地板块(1)的连接棱边(3，3’)之间的簧片(6，6’)的正面(22)上提供密封装置，它可以是一种密封接合物，一种橡胶带或类似物。
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CN103547749A (zh) * 2011-03-18 2014-01-29 爱诺泰克国际私人有限公司 纵向连接系统及相关面覆盖系统
CN107035005A (zh) * 2017-04-19 2017-08-11 中建四局第三建筑工程有限公司 一种叠合板板缝施工处理方法及其结构

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HU214470B (hu) 1998-03-30
EP1267013B1 (en) 2005-11-02
CZ285295A3 (en) 1996-05-15
SG47518A1 (en) 1998-04-17
LV11491A (lv) 1996-08-20
CZ291953B6 (cs) 2003-06-18
ES2141630T3 (es) 2000-03-16
DE05025406T1 (de) 2009-12-17
EP0969163A2 (en) 2000-01-05
AU6763094A (en) 1994-12-12
CA2339344C (en) 2005-12-27
US7856785B2 (en) 2010-12-28
NO986137L (no) 1995-05-22
DK1626136T3 (da) 2010-04-06
RO115185B1 (ro) 1999-11-30
ATE171238T1 (de) 1998-10-15
ATE280291T1 (de) 2004-11-15
BG100126A (bg) 1996-06-28
CA2339342C (en) 2005-12-20
EP0969164A2 (en) 2000-01-05
US6182410B1 (en) 2001-02-06
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CN1514087A (zh) 2004-07-21
DE69434534D1 (de) 2005-12-08
CN1108427C (zh) 2003-05-14
DE69413391T2 (de) 1999-02-04
HU9503216D0 (en) 1996-01-29
DK1260653T3 (da) 2005-12-05
CA2339341A1 (en) 1994-11-24
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ES2140983T3 (es) 2000-03-01
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NO305614B1 (no) 1999-06-28
FI113486B (fi) 2004-04-30
NO993136L (no) 1999-06-24
CA2339344A1 (en) 1994-11-24
CN1114742C (zh) 2003-07-16
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CA2339342A1 (en) 1994-11-24
ATE454516T1 (de) 2010-01-15
US5706621A (en) 1998-01-13
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NO993136D0 (no) 1999-06-24
ES2251550T3 (es) 2006-05-01
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DE69433415D1 (de) 2004-01-22
NO950790L (no) 1995-05-22
HUT75843A (en) 1997-05-28
SK141195A3 (en) 1996-11-06
PT1061201E (pt) 2003-10-31
FI20001602A (fi) 2000-07-04
DE69435263D1 (de) 2010-02-25
USRE39439E1 (en) 2006-12-26
RU2123094C1 (ru) 1998-12-10
JP2001040860A (ja) 2001-02-13
EP2166177A2 (en) 2010-03-24
ES2337584T3 (es) 2010-04-27
DK0698162T4 (da) 2004-12-06
ATE309431T1 (de) 2005-11-15
PT877130E (pt) 2000-04-28
EP0877130A3 (en) 1998-11-18
EP0855482B2 (en) 2005-06-08
DE69422838T2 (de) 2000-06-15
EP1061201A2 (en) 2000-12-20
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FI20001601A (fi) 2000-07-04
UA39883C2 (uk) 2001-07-16
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NO986137D0 (no) 1998-12-28
NO320446B1 (no) 2005-12-05
US6023907A (en) 2000-02-15
PT1626136E (pt) 2010-03-30
EP1061201B1 (en) 2003-06-04
DK1267013T3 (da) 2005-12-05
EP0969163A3 (en) 2000-02-02
DE69433415T2 (de) 2004-09-16
DE69413391D1 (de) 1998-10-22
EP1260654A3 (en) 2002-12-18
ES2122280T5 (es) 2005-05-16
ATE256233T1 (de) 2003-12-15
PL311568A1 (en) 1996-02-19
LV11491B (en) 1997-02-20
AU671919B2 (en) 1996-09-12
ATE308650T1 (de) 2005-11-15
RU2162923C2 (ru) 2001-02-10
PT969164E (pt) 2004-04-30
JPH08510022A (ja) 1996-10-22
SK285379B6 (sk) 2006-12-07
KR100387661B1 (ko) 2003-09-19
NO321469B1 (no) 2006-05-15
NZ266232A (en) 1996-11-26
ATE189287T1 (de) 2000-02-15
GR3032392T3 (en) 2000-05-31
DK0855482T4 (da) 2005-09-19
FI117764B (fi) 2007-02-15
DE69421945D1 (de) 2000-01-05
ES2209326T3 (es) 2004-06-16
DE69422838D1 (de) 2000-03-02
FI117765B (fi) 2007-02-15
FI951211A0 (fi) 1995-03-15
EP1626136B1 (en) 2010-01-06
EP1260653A2 (en) 2002-11-27
EP0698162B1 (en) 1998-09-16
KR100413372B1 (ko) 2004-01-13
DE69434539T2 (de) 2006-05-24
DE69434559T2 (de) 2006-06-01
CN1114021C (zh) 2003-07-09
ATE187222T1 (de) 1999-12-15
CA2150384C (en) 2005-04-26
CA2339339A1 (en) 1994-11-24

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