JP2018506853A - プラズマ処理システム用の高温チャック - Google Patents

プラズマ処理システム用の高温チャック Download PDF

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JP2018506853A
JP2018506853A JP2017540792A JP2017540792A JP2018506853A JP 2018506853 A JP2018506853 A JP 2018506853A JP 2017540792 A JP2017540792 A JP 2017540792A JP 2017540792 A JP2017540792 A JP 2017540792A JP 2018506853 A JP2018506853 A JP 2018506853A
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wafer
chuck
plasma
top surface
electrodes
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JP6816004B2 (ja
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トアン キュー チャン,
トアン キュー チャン,
サルタン マリク,
サルタン マリク,
ドミトリー ルボミルスキー,
ドミトリー ルボミルスキー,
シャムブ エヌ. ロイ,
シャムブ エヌ. ロイ,
小林 理
理 小林
デスン チョ,
デスン チョ,
スナム パク,
スナム パク,
シャンカー ヴェンカタラマン,
シャンカー ヴェンカタラマン,
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Applied Materials Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/67Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
    • H01L21/683Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
    • H01L21/6831Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using electrostatic chucks
    • H01L21/6833Details of electrostatic chucks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/302Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
    • H01L21/306Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
    • H01L21/3065Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/67Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
    • H01L21/67005Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
    • H01L21/67011Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
    • H01L21/67098Apparatus for thermal treatment
    • H01L21/67103Apparatus for thermal treatment mainly by conduction

Abstract

ウエハチャックアセンブリは、パック、シャフト及びベースを含む。絶縁材料はパックの上面を画定し、ヒータ要素は絶縁材料内に埋め込まれ、伝導プレートは絶縁材料の下に存在する。シャフトは、プレートと連結されたハウジング、及びヒータ要素及び電極用の電気コネクタを含む。伝導ベースハウジングは、シャフトハウジングと連結し、コネクタは、ベースハウジング内の端子ブロックを通過する。プラズマ処理の方法は、絶縁上面を有するチャックの上に被加工物をロードすることと、上面内の2つの電極にわたってDC電圧差を提供することと、電流をヒータ要素に通すことによってチャックを加熱することと、チャックを囲むチャンバに処理ガスを供給することと、チャックの下の伝導プレートと、チャンバの一又は複数の壁との間にRF電圧を供給することとを含む。【選択図】図2

Description

本開示は、プラズマ処理設備の分野に広く適合する。より具体的には、被加工物上に空間的に均一なプラズマ処理を提供するためのシステム及び方法が開示される。
集積回路及び他の半導体製品は、「ウエハ」と呼ばれる基板の表面で製造されることが多い。処理がキャリア中で保持されるウエハ群で実行されることもあるが、処理及び試験が一度に1つのウエハ上で実行されることもある。単一のウエハ処理又は試験が実行されるとき、ウエハは、ウエハチャック上に位置付けられることがある。他の被加工物が、類似のチャック上で処理されることもある。
実施形態において、ウエハチャックアセンブリは、パック、シャフト及びベースを含む。パックは、パックの上面を画定する電気絶縁材料と、電気絶縁材料内に埋め込まれたヒータ要素と、電気絶縁材料に近接して配置された導電プレートとを含む。シャフトは、プレートと電気的に接続された導電性シャフトハウジングと、ヒータ要素用の電気コネクタ及び電極用の電気コネクタを含む複数のコネクタとを含む。ベースは、シャフトハウジングと電気的に接続された導電性ベースハウジングと、ベースハウジング内に配置された導電性端子ブロックとを含み、複数のコネクタが端子ブロックを貫通している。
実施形態において、プラズマ処理の方法は、電気絶縁上面を有するチャックの上に被加工物をロードすることと、電気絶縁上面内の2つの空間的に分離された電極にわたってDC電圧差を提供して、被加工物をチャックにクランプすることと、チャックに埋め込まれたヒータ要素に電流を通すことによって、チャック及び被加工物を加熱することとを含む。方法は、チャックを囲むチャンバに処理ガスを供給することと、チャックの下の伝導プレートと、チャンバの一又は複数の壁との間にRF電圧を供給して、処理ガスからプラズマを点火することとを更に含む。
実施形態によるウエハ処理システムの主要素を概略的に示す。 実施形態による、ウエハチャックの例示的構成要素部分を示す、図1に示されたウエハチャックの概略図である。 実施形態による、ウエハチャックの例示的構成要素部分を示す、ウエハチャックを含むプラズマウエハ処理システムの概略図である。 ウエハチャック及びその内部のディフューザーの部分を含む、図3のプラズマウエハ処理システムの一部の概略図であり、それに対する例示的電源結合を示す。 実施形態によるプロセス中のウエハの一部を示す。 図5のウエハ部分がイオンを誘導しないプラズマに曝露されるときの仮説の結果を示す。 実施形態による、図5のウエハがイオンを誘導するプラズマに曝露されるときの結果を示す。
本開示は、以下で説明する図面と併せて下記の詳細説明を参照することによって理解され得、幾つかの図面を通じて、同様の構成要素を表すために類似の参照番号が使用される。図を分かりやすくするために、図面中のある種の要素は縮尺通りに描かれていない可能性があることに、留意されたい。アイテムの特定の例は、括弧内番号(例えば、コネクタ230(1)、230(2)など)を使用することによって表されることがあり、その一方で、括弧のない番号(例えば、コネクタ230)は、任意のかかるアイテムを表す。アイテムの複数の例が図示されている場合には、図を分かりやすくするために、その例の一部のみに表示が付けられることがある。
本明細書の実施形態は、ウエハ処理システムに対する新規の役に立つ機能性を提供する。ここ数年で半導体ウエハのサイズが著しく大きくなった一方で、フィーチャのサイズは著しく小さくなったため、処理されるウエハ1枚につき、より大きな機能性を有するより多くの集積回路が取得可能になっている。典型的なウエハ直径は、1970年代の約2インチ又は3インチから、2010年代の12インチ以上にまで、増大した。同じ期間に、市販の集積回路の典型的な最小フィーチャサイズは、約5ミクロンから約0.015ミクロンまで減少した。ウエハの大型化と共により小さなフィーチャを処理するには、処理均一性の著しい向上が必要となる。化学反応速度は温度に敏感なことが多いので、処理中のウエハにわたったポイントツーポイントの温度制御がより重要になってきている。例えば、ある種類の処理では、数度のウエハ内のポイントツーポイント温度差は、過去には受け入れ可能だったかもしれないが、現在そのような差は、約1度以下で保持される必要があろう。集積回路及び他のデバイスの製造に使用される幾つかの材料はまた、非常に腐食性の高いプラズマ環境において超高温処理が必要となり得る。ウエハ以外の被加工物のプラズマ処理はまた、改良された均一性からも利益を得ることがあり、本開示の範囲内であると見なされる。したがって、「ウエハ」を保持するための「ウエハチャック」としての本書のチャックの特徴付けは、何れかの種類の被加工物を保持するチャックと同等であり、「ウエハ処理システム」は同様に処理システムと同等であると理解すべきである。
図1は、ウエハ処理システム100の主要素を概略的に示している。システム100は単一ウエハ・半導体ウエハ処理システムとして描かれているが、本書の技法及び原理が任意の種類のプラズマ処理システム(例えば、必ずしも半導体又はウエハを処理するわけではなく、他の種類の被加工物を処理するシステム)に適用可能であることが、当業者には明らかになろう。また、図1は、システム100の選択された主要素を概略的に示しているに過ぎず、実際の処理システムは、システム100と比較すると、異なる外観を有し、おそらく追加的要素を内包することになると理解すべきである。
ウエハ処理システム100は、処理流体10、外部電力20、及び真空30などの一又は複数のユーティリティによって提供される。ウエハ処理システム100は、ハウジング110、及び外部ソースからウエハ50を受容し、処理ロケーション160内にそれらのウエハ50を位置付けるウエハインターフェース115を含む。ウエハ処理システム100はまた、ユーザインターフェース145を含み得、典型的にはマイクロプロセッサ、メモリなどを含むコントローラ135は、ユーザインターフェース145及び/又は他のソースからの入力を受け取り、ウエハ処理システム100のハードウェア要素全域にコンピュータベースの制御を提供する。コントローラ135は、物理的(ワイヤ若しくは光コネクタ)又は無線接続であり得る一又は複数のデータリンク40を介して、外部ネットワーク及び/又はコンピュータとインターフェースで接続し得る。ウエハ処理システム100はまた、システムのハードウェア要素による使用のために外部電力20によって供給される電力を変換又は調整する一又は複数の内部電源150を含み得る。
処理ロケーション160は、実施形態では3つの部分:パック175、パック175を支持するシャフト180、及びシャフト180を支持するベース185を含むウエハチャック170の上に各ウエハ50を受容する。ウエハ50は、パック175の上に物理的に位置付けられ、実施形態では、パック175によって、加熱、冷却及び/又は機械的に保持される。ウエハチャック170はまた、ウエハ50をパック175に静電的にクランプし、処理ロケーション160内にプラズマを生成し、及び/又は反応性イオンをプラズマからウエハ50に向けるように、高周波(RF)及び/又は直流(DC)電圧をウエハ50に結合するように構成される。したがって、処理ロケーション160は、プラズマの一部である又はかつてプラズマの一部であった任意の材料として本書で定義される「プラズマ生成物」にウエハ50を曝露する。プラズマ生成物は、イオン、ラジカル、ソースガスの分子フラグメント、他の活性化核種の何れか又はすべて、及び/又はプラズマの一部であったがイオン、ラジカルなどに変換されなかったソースガス原子又は分子を含み得る。どんなときにもプラズマの一部を形成しなかったガスは、「活性化されていないガス」として本書で定義される。
パック175及び/又はシャフト180はまた、実施形態では、ウエハハンドリングツールへのアクセスのためにウエハ50を操作するように構成される。例えば、実施形態では、シャフト180は、ウエハ50がその上部に受容されるパック175を引き揚げ、続いて処理のために別の高さまでパック175を引き下げる、又はその逆であり得る。これらの又は他の実施形態では、パック175及び/又はシャフト180は、パック175から延びることができ又はパック175内に後退することができるリフトピンなどの、パック175の上面に対してウエハ50を上げ下げするアクチュエータを含み得、よってウエハツールがウエハ50と上面との間に挿入され得る。シャフト180はまた、パック175との電気的結合及び/又は流体的結合を促進し得る。ベース185は、シャフト110をハウジング110内に機械的に固定し、実施形態では、電気ユーティリティ及び/又は流体用のインターフェースをシャフト180に提供する。ベース185、シャフト180及びパック175の部分、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせは、互いにモノリシックに形成され得、又は以下で更に説明されるように、構成部品から部分的に又は完全に組み立てられ得る。
図2は、ウエハチャック170の例示的構成要素部分を示す、ウエハチャック170の概略図である。図2は縮尺通りに描かれておらず、図を明瞭にするために、ウエハチャック170の幾つかの構成要素はサイズが誇張又は縮小されており、各構成要素のすべての例に表示が付けられているわけではなく、構成要素間の内部結合すべてが図示されているわけではない。ウエハチャック170の領域は、図1のように、パック175、シャフト180及びベース185として識別されるが、ウエハチャック170の幾つかの構成要素は、これらの領域の2つ以上に重なることがある。パック175は、電極210及びヒータ要素215が内部に埋め込まれた絶縁上部205を含む。上部205は、セラミック又は他の電気絶縁材料から形成され得、例えば、実施形態では、上部205は窒化アルミニウム又はアルミナから形成される。電極210及びヒータ要素215は、例えば、酸化タングステンなどの、高温に耐えることができる伝導材料及び/又は抵抗材料から形成され得る。上部205内のオプションのチャネル207は、上部205とウエハ50との間の熱伝達を改善するために、ヘリウムのような熱伝達ガスをウエハ50の裏側と接触させる。改善された熱伝達は、ウエハが完全に平坦ではなく、したがって上部205の上面と均一に接触しない場合、及び/又はウエハ上の数度のポイントツーポイントの範囲から1度以下の範囲まで、熱均一性を改善するために、役立つ可能性がある。オプションのチャネル208は、チャネル207と相互に、また上部205の上面内で相互に接続しているので、熱伝達ガスは、ウエハ50の底面と上面205との間で、ガスがウエハ50の外縁を通過するまで広がることが可能である。
例えばアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金などの金属で形成され得る導電性プレート220が、上部205の下にかつ上部205に近接して配置される。実施形態では、上部205及びプレート220は、間隙217によって分離され、広い温度範囲にわたり(例えば、チャック170が使用されていないときの室温から特定のプロセスのための約450℃まで)2つの異なる熱膨張を可能にする。間隙217が連続的である必要はなく、要するに、上部205及び/又はプレート220は、それらの間の機械的支持用の隆起部又はチャネルを形成し得、そのような隆起部又はチャネルが存在しても間隙が存在すると考えられる。したがって、間隙217は、上面205及びプレート220の外縁で処理ガス及び/又はプラズマ生成物に曝露される。窒素又はヘリウムなどの不活性ガスが間隙217のパージガスとして供給され、周囲のプロセスチャンバに対して間隙217内に正圧力が提供され、上部205、プレート220の内面及びシャフト180内の対応する表面からガス及び/又はプラズマ生成物を隔離する。実施形態では、間隙217は、上部205及びプレート220を約0.5〜1.5ミリメートル分離する。
シャフト180において、導電性シャフトハウジング222は上部205の下にあり、シャフト180用のハウジングを形成する。シャフトハウジング222はまた、例えば、アルミニウムから作られ得、シャフトハウジング222は電気的に接続され、図2に示されるように一体的に形成され得るか、構成要素部品を締める又は接合することによって組み合わされ得る。シャフトハウジング222は、例えば、AlN又はAl2O3などのセラミック材料で作られたオプションの絶縁ライナー225を収容し、内部構成要素がシャフトハウジング222に対して短絡又はアーク放電するのを防止するのに役立つ。絶縁ライナー225は、オプションとして、ウエハがチャック170との間で移送されるときに、チャック表面に侵入し得る熱を除去する又は処理ガスを希釈し除去するためにするために、ヘリウム若しくは窒素などの不活性ガスで流され得る。
シャフト180はまた、チャック170が配置されている機器の電源及び他の設備と、パック175の特徴との間の様々なコネクタ230も収容する。図2に示される例示的コネクタ230は、高周波/直流(RF/DC)端子230(1)、230(2)と;直流(DC)プローブ中心タップ端子230(3)と;内側ゾーンヒータ端子230(4)、230(5)と;外側ゾーンヒータ端子230(6)、230(7)と;熱電対(TC)又は抵抗温度検出器(RTD)ワイヤ230(8)(例えば、図2に単一コネクタとして概略的に示されている、2要素ワイヤ)とを含む。実施形態では、他のコネクタ230が可能である。コネクタ230は、単一であっても捩った対のワイヤ、ロッド、同軸コネクタ若しくは他のコネクタであってもよく、絶縁されていても絶縁されていなくてもよい。実施形態では、同軸コネクタ230は、内部導電体、内部導電体周囲の絶縁層、絶縁層周囲の接地チューブ、及び接地チューブ周囲のセラミックチューブを含み得る。TC又はRTDは、任意の数で実施され得、様々なヒータゾーンの動作、プラズマ又はプラズマ生成物による加熱、流動ガス又はプラズマ生成物との相互作用によって引き起こされる加熱又は冷却、又は他の原因によって引き起こされる温度変化に対する感度について体系づけられ得る。実施形態において、チャック170の特性付けは、単一のTC又はRTDがチャック170の温度を正確に表すように、チャック170の所与の構成にわたって温度が均一であると決定し得る。他の実施形態では、チャック170全域の温度をモニタするために、複数のTC又はRTDを使用することができ、ヒータゾーン又はチャック170が位置するプラズマ処理システムの他の態様の動作を自動的に及び/又は手動で調節するために使用できる情報が提供され、温度の均一性が促進される。
コネクタ230はまた、流体導管であってもよい。加えて、又は流体導管として構成されているコネクタ230の代わりに、シャフトハウジング222、絶縁ライナー225及び/又はそれらの間の空間は、流体通路と共に構成され得る。例えば、ベース185のパージガス源285(1)に結合された、先ほど検討されたシャフトハウジング222と絶縁ライナー225との間の、上記間隙217を示す。また、裏側ガス源285(2)は、ウエハ50全域の改善された熱制御のために、チャネル207にHe又は他の不活性ガスを供給する。
図2のコネクタ230の数及び配置は、概略的に過ぎず、シャフト180のサイズの最小化、隣接するコネクタ230同士の間の空間の最大化、温度均一性及び/又は放熱の改善を目的とし、又は他の理由で、異なるように配置されてもよく、通常は異なるように配置されるだろう。
チャック170のベース185は、金属(例えば、アルミニウム)で作られ得、かつシャフトハウジング222で一体的に形成され得る又は締め具、溶接などによりシャフトハウジング222に組み立てられ得る導電性ベースハウジング270を含む。実施形態では、ベースハウジング270は、コネクタ230−265が貫通する電気絶縁端子ブロック275を含む。端子ブロック275は、コネクタ230−265を整列させる働きをし、それらのそれぞれの遠位端がパック175内で対応するソケットと嵌合するように配置される。端子ブロック275は、共に良好な電気抵抗及び高温での安定性を提供する、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)又はセラミックなどの絶縁体で形成され得る。
ベースハウジング270は、図示されたように、加熱/冷却流体用のチャネル、例えば、ベースハウジング270内部のチャネル280などを含み得る。チャネル280を通過した加熱/冷却流体は、気体か液体かのどちらかであり得る。実施形態では、チャネル280を通った加熱/冷却流体は、およそ50%の水と50%のグリコールの混合比率を有する水とエチレングリコール若しくはプロピレングリコールの混合物である。実施形態では、チャネル280を通して提供された冷却は、ベースハウジング270だけではなく、機械的に共に結合しているシャフトハウジング222と伝導プレート220も冷却する。有利には、間隙217及びその内部に供給されたパージガスは、上部220内部で到達する最高温度からプレート220を絶縁する働きをし、またシャフトハウジング222の金属は、プレート220から下にベースハウジング270まで高い熱伝達を提供するために、機械的目的のためだけに必要とされるだろうよりも厚いとすることができ、ここでチャネル280を通過した冷却流体によって熱が除去される。例えば、実施形態では、シャフトハウジング222は、1.5mm、2.0mm、2.5mm又はそれ以上の厚さであり得る。
ベース185は、ウエハ処理設備の関連ピース内に固定されてもよく、又はパック175を位置付け、ウエハ又は他の被加工物を送る若しくは受け取るために、及び/又はウエハ若しくは被加工物を必要に応じて整列させるために、スライド、ヒンジ、ステージ又は他のデバイスを使用して移動可能に装着されてもよい。
図3は、ウエハチャック170を含むプラズマウエハ処理システム300の概略図であり、その例示的構成要素を示している。図3は縮尺通りに描かれておらず、図を明瞭にするために、プラズマウエハ処理システム300の幾つかの構成要素はサイズが誇張又は縮小されており、各構成要素のすべての例に表示が付けられているわけではなく、構成要素間の内部結合すべてが図示されているわけではない。プラズマウエハ処理システム300は、図1のウエハ処理システム100の一例である。プラズマウエハ処理システム300は、プラズマ生成物及び/又は活性化されていないガスを使用して、処理チャンバ305内でウエハ50を処理し、図3は、プラズマ生成物の流れを白抜き矢印として、活性化されていないガスを実線矢印として示す。オプションの遠隔プラズマ源310は、第1の入力ガス流10(1)を発生させ、オプションで生じたプラズマ生成物を第2の入力ガス流10(2)と混合し、プラズマ生成物をディフューザー320の方に通す。プラズマ生成物は、プラズマ生成物が処理チャンバ305内に案内される前に、少なくともプラズマ生成物を均一に分散させるよう機能する他のオプションのディフューザー320、325及び340を通過し得る。図示された構成において、第1の電源150(1)は、ディフューザー325と340との間の空間330全域にRFエネルギーを供給し、空間330に第2のプラズマ335が形成される。第1及び第2のプラズマからのプラズマ生成物は、オプションで、更なるディフューザー350(「シャワーヘッド」と呼ばれることもある)を通して更なる入力ガス流10(3)と混ざり得る。ディフューザー350は、プラズマ生成物を通すための大きなポートを有するように構成され、ガス通路360は、処理チャンバ305に面するディフューザー350の一方のみを通って入力ガス流10(3)を伝達するように構成されている。遠隔プラズマ源310並びにディフューザー320、325、340及び350の任意の又は全ての使用がオプションであることが認識されるだろう。
第2の電源150(2)は、概略的に示されるように、コネクタ230(1)及び230(2)を通して、チャック170内の電極210(1)及び210(2)に対して、並びに処理システム300の他の部分に対して、RFエネルギー及び/又はDCバイアスを供給するように制御可能に構成されている。RFエネルギー及び/又はDCバイアスの特定の結合は、以下で更に検討されるように、変更されてもよい。電源150(2)は、例えば、電極210(1)及び210(2)全域にDCバイアスを提供し得、電源150(2)とディフューザー350との間の結合151によって示されるように、電極210(1)及び210(2)と処理システム300の他の部分との間にRFエネルギー及び/又はDCバイアスを提供し得る。RFエネルギー及びDCバイアスの両方を提供することは、以下でさらに検討されるように、ウエハ50(又は他の任意の被加工物)をチャック170に静電的にクランプし、処理チャンバ305内でプラズマを生成し、プラズマのイオンをウエハ50上のある処理サイトに向けるために特に役に立つ。典型的なDCクランプ電圧が対向電極210(1)及び210(2)に供給される±200Vであるのに対し、典型的なRF電圧は、処理チャンバ305(プラズマに印加されるRF電力は約100W〜500W)にわたって±75Vである。処理システム300の一部分が、図4に詳しく示されている。
図4は、ウエハチャック170及びディフューザー350の部分を含む、プラズマウエハ処理システム300の一部の概略図であり、それに対する例示的電源結合を示す。図4は、縮尺通りに描かれておらず、図を明瞭にするために、プラズマウエハ処理システム300の幾つかの構成要素はサイズが誇張又は縮小されており、各構成要素のすべての例に表示が付けられているわけではなく、構成要素間の内部結合すべてが図示されているわけではない。図4は、ディフューザー350及びチャック170のそれぞれの部分によって境界付けられた処理チャンバ305の部分、ウエハ50、処理チャンバ305内のプラズマ355、及び電源150(2)の例示的詳細を示す。プラズマ355は、元の活性化されていない形態か遠隔プラズマ源310に又は空間330(図3)内に形成されたプラズマ生成物としてのどちらかで、ガス流10(1)、10(2)及び/又は10(3)から生成される。プラズマ355を形成するためのRFエネルギーは、電源150(2)内のRF源390によって供給される。図4に示された構成において、電源150(2)はまた、電極210(1)及び210(2)全域に、ウエハ50をウエハチャック170に静電気的にクランプするように機能するDCバイアス370を提供する。DC電場が、破線矢印で図4に示されている。図4に示されている実施形態はまた、電極210とディフューザー350との間にオプションのDCバイアス380を含む。DCバイアス380は、プラズマ355で形成された(又は先ほど検討されたような、他のロケーションからのプラズマ生成物に存在する)イオンをウエハ50の方に誘導することができ、ウエハ50上でのプラズマ処理の方向性に影響を及ぼす(図5から図7を参照)。
図4はまた、ウエハ50の実際の裏側DC電圧を決定するためにモニタすることができる中心タップDCプローブ395を示している。DCプローブ395で測定された電圧は、ウエハ50における処理結果を制御及び最適化するために、DCバイアス380を制御するように測定及び使用することができる。例えば、プラズマ処理が実行されるとき、プラズマ生成物内の反応性核種は、負に帯電したイオンであることが多く、これらは反応する際に、負の電荷をウエハ50に伝達することができる。これはウエハ50の帯電につながり、処理中にウエハ50によって得られた典型的なDC電圧は、約−50Vであり得る。中心タップDCプローブ395により、この電圧は感知可能となり、したがってDCバイアス380を調節することによって補償される。ゆえに、DCプローブ395は、DCプローブ395で電圧を測定し、電源150(2)がDCバイアス380を調節するのに適切な情報を提供する高インピーダンス回路398と接続する。
ウエハチャック170の構成要素及びウエハチャック170と一体化された構成要素のすべては、例えば、特定のポリマー又はプラスチック、ゴムなどの、高温に適合しない材料を利用し得る初期のシステムとは対照的に、超高温動作と適合可能である。プラズマに曝露される構成要素は、NH3又はNF3がそれぞれソースガスとして利用されるときに生成されるH又はFラジカルなどの非常に苛酷なプラズマ環境でも残存可能である。O2はまた、一般的にソースガスとして加えられ(電子を供給してプラズマ開始を促進する)、更なるイオン核種及びラジカルを形成する。初期のシステムは、ステンレス鋼チャックを使用することが多かったが、ステンレスは、一般的にそのような環境で腐食し、微粒子汚染を引き起こす。処理システム300内のウエハチャック170の配置は、処理を均一な高温で実行可能であるという点で特有であるが、他方でまた、熱伝達に強力な静電クランプと、腐食又は熱劣化なく、反応性イオン核種を被加工物の方へ誘導する能力を提供する。例えば、構成要素(例えば、シャフトハウジング222の厚さ、及び間隙217内のパージガスの流量)の適切なサイジングにより、本明細書の実施形態は、500℃まで動作可能であり、ウエハ50上の特定の金属及び/又はセラミック材料のプラズマエッチングを促進する。
図5、図6及び図7は、本書に記載のウエハチャック及びウエハ処理システムにより取得可能な例示的処理結果を示している。図5は、処理におけるウエハ50(1)の一部を示す。ウエハ50(1)は、その内部に深いトレンチ410を形成するために既に処理されており、膜400(1)は、ウエハ50(1)の上面及びトレンチ410内の両方に堆積している。続く処理は、ウエハ50(1)のある領域から膜400(1)を除去するが、膜を他の領域に残すことを意図しており、したがって、フォトレジスト420は、膜400(1)が残される領域に提供されている。
図6は、例えば、反応性核種が拡散により単にランダムに方向付けられているプラズマにウエハ50(1)を曝露することによって、ウエハ50(1)がイオンを誘導しないプラズマに曝露されるときの仮説の結果を示している。反応性核種に容易に曝露される膜400(1)の表面がエッチングされる一方で、ウエハ50(1)は反応性核種と反応しない。この処理により、生じたウエハ50(2)はフォトレジスト420によって保護された膜400(4)と共に残るが、残留材料400(3)もまたトレンチ410内に残る。これは、反応性核種が何かに遭遇し、次に到達したところで反応するまで、単に進行するために起こる。トレンチ410に深く浸透するのに必要な正確な方向に移動している反応性核種はほとんどない。ランダムに方向付けられた反応性核種を使用して、残留材料400(3)を除去するのに十分長い間、ウエハ50(1)をエッチングすることは、可能であるかもしれないし可能でないかもしれないが、通常は非現実的である。
図7は、イオンをウエハ50(1)に向ける電場を供給することによって、即ち、図3及び図4に示されるようにウエハチャック170を用いて、イオンを誘導するプラズマに、ウエハ50(1)が曝露されるときの結果を示している。図4に示す電場は、図7の向きで負に帯電した反応性核種を下に向かって方向付け、より多くの反応性核種がトレンチ410内の膜400(1)のより低い領域に到達するようにする。生じるウエハ50(3)は、元の膜400(1)が図示されるようにフォトレジスト420によって保護される位置にのみ膜400(4)を保持する。
本明細書に記載のウエハチャックで使用される材料の設計及び種類は、ウエハチャックについて通常考慮されるであろうものではない。これまでウエハチャックは、単純な金属の厚板から、真空又は静電クランプ、調節可能なウエハの位置合わせ/位置決めなどを提供するやや複雑なシステムまでの範囲のかなり単純なものであることが多かった。これらの機能のすべてを保持し、劣化のない高腐食性プラズマ環境において超高温でなおも動作する設計は知られていない。
幾つかの実施形態を説明したが、本発明の本質から逸脱することなく、様々な修正例、代替構造、及び均等物が使用され得ることが、当業者には認識されよう。加えて、本発明を不必要に不明瞭にすることを避けるために、幾つかの周知のプロセス及び要素については説明しなかった。したがって、上記の説明を、本発明の範囲を限定するものと解釈すべきではない。
ある範囲の値が提供される場合、その範囲の上限と下限との間の各介在値も、文脈上別途明示されない限り下限の単位の10分の1まで、明確に開示されていると、理解される。ある規定された範囲における任意の規定値又は介在値と、その規定された範囲における他の任意の規定値又は介在値との間の、より狭い範囲の各々が包含される。これらの狭い方の範囲の上限と下限は、その範囲内に個別に含まれることも、除外されることもあり、限界値のいずれかが狭い方の範囲内に含まれる場合、限界値のいずれも狭い方の範囲内に含まれない場合、又は両方の限界値が狭い方の範囲内に含まれる場合の各範囲も、前記規定された範囲における明確に除外される任意の限界値を条件として、本発明に包含される。前記規定された範囲が、限界値の一方又は両方を含む場合、含まれる限界値の一方又は両方を除外した範囲も、含まれる。
本書及び付随する特許請求の範囲において、単数形の「1つの(a、an)」、及び「その(the)」は、文脈上別途明示しない限り、複数の指示対象を含む。ゆえに、例えば、「1つのプロセス(a process)」の言及は、複数のかかるプロセスを含み、「その電極(the electrode)」の言及は、一又は複数の電極、及び、当業者には既知であるその同等物の言及を含む、等々である。「備える(comprise/comprising)」、及び「含む(include/including/includes)」という語も、この明細書及び以下の特許請求の範囲において使用する場合、規定された特徴、整数値、構成要素、又はステップの存在を明示することを意図しているが、一又は複数の他の特徴、整数値、構成要素、ステップ、作用、又はグループの存在又は追加を排除するものではない。

Claims (15)

  1. パックの上面を画定する電気絶縁材料と、
    前記電気絶縁材料内に埋め込まれたヒータ要素と、
    前記電気絶縁材料内に埋め込まれ、かつ前記ヒータ要素と前記上面との間に配置された複数の電極と、
    前記電気絶縁材料に近接して配置された導電性プレートと
    を備えるパックと、
    前記プレートに電気的に接続されている導電性シャフトハウジングと、
    前記ヒータ要素用の電気コネクタ及び前記電極用の電気コネクタを含む、複数のコネクタと
    を備えるシャフトと、
    前記シャフトハウジングに電気的に接続されている導電性ベースハウジングと、
    前記ベースハウジング内に配置された電気絶縁端子ブロックであって、前記複数のコネクタが前記端子ブロックを通過する、電気絶縁端子ブロックと
    を備えるベースと
    を備える、ウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  2. 前記端子ブロックがポリエーテルエーテルケトンを含む、請求項1に記載のウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  3. 前記コネクタが、熱電対又は抵抗温度検出器用の一又は複数のコネクタを更に備える、請求項1に記載のウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  4. 前記コネクタが、熱伝達ガスを供給するように構成された一又は複数の流体導管を更に備え、前記上面は、前記熱伝達ガスが前記上面とウエハの底面との間に広がるためのチャネルを画定する、請求項1に記載のウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  5. 前記複数の電極用の前記電気コネクタの各々が、内側導電体、前記内側導電体周囲の絶縁層、前記絶縁層周囲の接地チューブ、及び前記接地チューブ周囲のセラミックチューブを備える、請求項1に記載のウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  6. 前記ウエハチャックアセンブリが内部に配置されるウエハ処理システムを更に備え、前記ウエハ処理システムが、
    一又は複数のチャンバ壁によって境界付けられた処理チャンバと、
    一又は複数の電源と
    を備え、
    前記ウエハチャックアセンブリは、少なくとも前記パックが前記処理チャンバ内にあるように配置されており、
    前記一又は複数の電源が、前記複数の電極及び前記一又は複数のチャンバ壁の少なくとも1つと接続し、
    前記電極と前記一又は複数のチャンバ壁の前記少なくとも1つとの間にRF電圧を、
    ウエハを前記上面に静電気的にクランプするため、前記電極にわたりDC電圧差を
    提供する、請求項1に記載のウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  7. 前記パックの前記上面を貫通するDCプローブを更に備え、
    前記コネクタが前記DCプローブ用のコネクタを更に含み、前記一又は複数の電源のうちの1つの電源が、前記DCプローブからの信号に応じて、前記電極のうちの少なくとも1つと前記一又は複数のチャンバ壁のうちの前記少なくとも1つとの間でDCオフセットを調節する、請求項6に記載のウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  8. 前記導電性プレートが、0.5ミリメートルから1.5ミリメートルまでの間隙によって前記電気絶縁材料から分離され、前記ウエハ処理システムが、前記間隙内で、ヘリウム及び水素のうちの1つであるパージガスを供給し、前記パージガスが、周囲の処理チャンバに対して前記間隙内に正圧を提供する、請求項6に記載のウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  9. 前記導電性ベースハウジングが、冷却流体用の一又は複数のチャネルを画定し、前記導電性シャフトハウジングが、前記導電性プレートから前記シャフトハウジングを通って前記ベースハウジングまでの熱除去のための、少なくとも1.5mm厚の金属を備える、請求項1に記載のウエハチャックアセンブリ。
  10. プラズマ処理の方法であって、
    電気絶縁上面を有するチャックの上に被加工物をロードすることと、
    前記電気絶縁上面内の2つの空間的に分離された電極にわたってDC電圧差を提供して、前記被加工物を前記チャックにクランプすることと、
    前記チャックに埋め込まれたヒータ要素に電流を通すことによって、前記チャック及び前記被加工物を加熱することと、
    前記チャックを囲むチャンバに処理ガスを供給することと、
    前記チャックの下の伝導プレートと、前記チャンバの一又は複数の壁との間にRF電圧を供給して、前記処理ガスからプラズマを点火することと
    を含む、プラズマ処理の方法。
  11. 熱伝達ガスを前記上面を通して前記上面によって画定されたチャネル内に流すことを更に含み、前記チャネルは、前記熱伝達ガスが前記上面と前記被加工物との間に広がることを可能にする、請求項10に記載のプラズマ処理の方法。
  12. 前記チャックを加熱することが、前記上面を400℃以上の温度まで加熱することを含む、請求項10に記載のプラズマ処理の方法。
  13. 前記上面を貫通するDCプローブからの信号に応じて、前記電極の少なくとも1つと前記チャンバの前記一又は複数の壁の少なくとも1つとの間でDCオフセットを調節することを更に含む、請求項10に記載のプラズマ処理の方法。
  14. 前記伝導プレートと前記上面との間の間隙を通してパージガスを流すことを更に含む、請求項10に記載のプラズマ処理の方法。
  15. 前記チャックを支持するシャフトのシャフトハウジングと機械的に連結されているベースを通して冷却流体を流すことを更に含み、前記シャフトは、前記冷却流体が、前記ベース、前記シャフトハウジング及び前記伝導プレートを冷却するように、前記伝導プレートと機械的に連結されている、請求項14に記載のプラズマ処理の方法。
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