JP7009716B2 - 自律車両ナビゲーションのための疎な地図 - Google Patents
自律車両ナビゲーションのための疎な地図 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7009716B2 JP7009716B2 JP2020135180A JP2020135180A JP7009716B2 JP 7009716 B2 JP7009716 B2 JP 7009716B2 JP 2020135180 A JP2020135180 A JP 2020135180A JP 2020135180 A JP2020135180 A JP 2020135180A JP 7009716 B2 JP7009716 B2 JP 7009716B2
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Description
本願は、2015年2月10日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/114,091号、2015年5月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/164,055号、2015年6月4日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/170,728号、2015年6月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/181,784号、2015年7月15日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/192,576号、2015年9月9日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/215,764号、2015年9月17日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/219,733号、2015年12月1日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/261,578号、2015年12月1日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/261,598号、2015年12月15日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/267,643号、2015年12月18日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/269,818号、2015年12月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/270,408号、2015年12月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/270,418号、2015年12月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/270,431号、2015年12月22日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/271,103号、2016年1月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/274,883号、2016年1月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/274,968号、2016年1月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/275,007号、2016年1月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/275,046号、及び2016年1月11日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/277,068号の優先権の利益を主張するものである。上記出願は全て、全体として参照により本明細書に援用される。
本開示は、概して、自律車両ナビゲーション及び自律車両ナビゲーションのための疎な地図に関する。更に、本開示は、自律車両ナビゲーションのための疎な地図を構築、使用、及び更新するシステム及び方法に関する。
技術が進化し続けるにつれ、路上でナビゲート可能な完全自律車両という目標が現実味を帯びてきている。自律車両は、様々な要因を考慮する必要があり得、それらの要因に基づいて、意図される目的地に安全且つ正確に到達するのに適切な判断を下し得る。例えば、自律車両は、視覚情報(例えば、カメラから捕捉された情報)を処理して解釈する必要があり得ると共に、他のソースから(例えば、GPSデバイス、速度センサ、加速度計、サスペンションセンサ等から)得られる情報を使用することもある。同時に、目的地にナビゲートするために、自律車両は、特定の道路内の車両の位置(例えば、複数レーン道路内の特定のレーン)を識別し、他の車両と並んでナビゲートし、障害物及び歩行者を回避し、交通信号及び標識を観測し、適切な交差点又はインターチェンジで1つの道路から別の道路に走行する必要もあり得る。自律車両が目的地まで走行する際に自律車両により収集される膨大な量の情報の利用及び解釈は、多くの設計課題を課す。自律車両が分析、アクセス及び/又は記憶する必要があり得る膨大な量のデータ(例えば、捕捉される画像データ、地図データ、GPSデータ、センサデータ等)は、実際に自律ナビゲーションを制限する恐れがある課題又は更には自律ナビゲーションに悪影響を及ぼす恐れがある課題を課す。更に、自律車両がナビゲートのために従来のマッピング技術に依存する場合、地図を記憶及び更新するために必要な膨大な量のデータは困難な課題を課す。
本開示による実施形態は、自律車両ナビゲーションのシステム及び方法を提供する。開示される実施形態は、カメラを使用して、自律車両ナビゲーション特徴を提供し得る。例えば、本開示の実施形態によれば、開示されるシステムは、車両の環境を監視する1つ、2つ、又は3つ以上のカメラを含み得る。開示されるシステムは、例えば、カメラのうちの1つ又は複数により捕捉された画像の分析に基づいて、ナビゲーション応答を提供し得る。ナビゲーション応答は、例えば、全地球測位(GPS)データ、センサデータ(例えば、加速度計、速度センサ、サスペンションセンサ等から)、及び/又は他の地図データを含む他のデータを考慮することもできる。
本開示に組み込まれ、本明細書の一部をなす添付図面は、開示される様々な実施形態を示す。
以下の詳細な説明は、添付図面を参照する。可能な場合には常に、図面及び以下の説明において、同じ又は同様の部分を指すのに同じ参照番号が使用される。幾つかの例示的な実施形態は本明細書で説明されるが、変更形態、適応形態、及び他の実装形態が可能である。例えば、図面に示される構成要素に対する置換形態、追加形態、又は変更形態がなされ得、本明細書に記載される例示的な方法は、開示される方法のステップの置換、順序替え、削除、又は追加により変更することができる。したがって、以下の詳細な説明は、開示される実施形態及び例に限定されない。その代わり、適切な範囲は、添付の特許請求の範囲により規定される。
本開示を通して使用される場合、「自律車両」という用語は、ドライバーの入力なしで少なくとも1つのナビゲーション変更を実施することが可能な車両を指す。「ナビゲーション変更」は、車両の操舵、ブレーキ、又は加速のうちの1つ又は複数の変更を指す。自律的であるために、車両は完全に自動である(例えば、ドライバーなし又はドライバー入力なしでの完全動作)必要はない。むしろ、自律車両は、特定の時間期間中にはドライバーの制御下で動作し、他の時間期間中にはドライバーの制御なしで動作することができる車両を含む。自律車両は、操舵等の車両ナビゲーションの幾つかの側面のみを制御する(例えば、車両レーン制約間に車両コースを維持するために)が、他の側面(例えば、ブレーキ)をドライバーに任せ得る車両を含むこともできる。幾つかの場合、自律車両は、車両のブレーキ、速度制御、及び/又は操舵のうちの幾つか又は全ての側面を扱い得る。
図1は、開示される例示的な実施形態によるシステム100のブロック図表現である。システム100は、特定の実施要件に応じて様々な構成要素を含み得る。幾つかの実施形態では、システム100は、処理ユニット110、画像取得ユニット120、位置センサ130、1つ又は複数のメモリユニット140、150、地図データベース160、ユーザインタフェース170、及び無線送受信機172を含み得る。処理ユニット110は、1つ又は複数の処理デバイスを含み得る。幾つかの実施形態では、処理ユニット110は、アプリケーションプロセッサ180、画像プロセッサ190、又は任意の他の適する処理デバイスを含み得る。同様に、画像取得ユニット120は、特定用途の要件に応じて、任意の数の画像取得デバイス及び構成要素を含み得る。幾つかの実施形態では、画像取得ユニット120は、画像捕捉デバイス122、画像捕捉デバイス124、及び画像捕捉デバイス126等の1つ又は複数の画像捕捉デバイス(例えば、カメラ)を含み得る。システム100は、処理デバイス110を画像取得デバイス120に通信可能に接続するデータインタフェース128を含むこともできる。例えば、データインタフェース128は、画像取得デバイス120により取得された画像データを処理ユニット110に送信する任意の1つ又は複数の有線及び/又は無線リンクを含み得る。
上述したように、システム100は、マルチカメラシステムを使用する運転支援機能を提供し得る。マルチカメラシステムは、車両の前方方向を向いた1つ又は複数のカメラを使用し得る。他の実施形態では、マルチカメラシステムは、車両の側部又は車両の後方を向いた1つ又は複数のカメラを含み得る。一実施形態では、例えば、システム100は2カメラ撮像システムを使用し得、その場合、第1のカメラ及び第2のカメラ(例えば、画像捕捉デバイス122及び124)は、車両(例えば、車両200)の前部及び/又は側部に位置決めし得る。第1のカメラは、第2のカメラの視野よりも大きい、小さい、又は部分的に重複する視野を有し得る。更に、第1のカメラは、第1の画像プロセッサに接続されて、第1のカメラにより提供される画像の単眼画像分析を実行し得、第2のカメラは第2の画像プロセッサに接続されて、第2のカメラにより提供される画像の単眼画像分析を実行し得る。第1及び第2の画像プロセッサの出力(例えば、処理された情報)は結合し得る。幾つかの実施形態では、第2の画像プロセッサは、第1のカメラ及び第2のカメラの両方からの画像を受信して、立体分析を実行し得る。別の実施形態では、システム100は3カメラ撮像システムを使用し得、この場合、各カメラは異なる視野を有する。したがって、そのようなシステムは、車両の前方及び側部の両方の様々な距離にある物体から導出される情報に基づいて判断を下し得る。単眼画像分析との言及は、画像分析が単一視点から(例えば、単一のカメラ)から捕捉される画像に基づいて画像分析が実行される場合を指し得る。立体画像分析は、画像捕捉パラメータのうちの1つ又は複数を変更した状態で捕捉された2つ以上の画像に基づいて画像分析が実行される場合を指し得る。例えば、立体画像分析の実行に適した捕捉画像は、2つ以上の異なる位置から捕捉される画像、異なる視野から捕捉される画像、異なる焦点距離を使用して捕捉される画像、視差情報付きで捕捉される画像等を含み得る。
幾つかの実施形態では、開示されるシステム及び方法は、疎な地図を自律車両ナビゲーションに使用し得る。例えば、疎な地図は、大量のデータを記憶及び/又は更新せずに、自律車両をナビゲートするのに十分な情報を提供し得る。更に詳細に以下で考察するように、自律車両は、疎な地図を使用して、1つ又は複数の記憶された軌道に基づいて1つ又は複数の道路をナビゲートし得る。
幾つかの実施形態では、開示されるシステム及び方法は、疎な地図を自律車両ナビゲーションに使用し得る。例えば、疎な地図は、過度のデータ記憶又はデータ転送率を必要とせずに、十分な情報をナビゲーションに提供し得る。更に詳細に以下で考察するように、車両(自律車両であり得る)は、疎な地図を使用して、1つ又は複数の道路をナビゲートし得る。例えば、幾つかの実施形態では、疎な地図は、道路と、道路に沿った存在する可能性のある陸標とに関連するデータを含み得、陸標は、車両ナビゲーションに十分である一方、小さいデータフットプリントも示す。例えば、以下に詳述する疎なデータ地図では、道路に沿って収集される画像データ等の詳細マップ情報を含むデジタルマップと比較して、必要とされる記憶空間及びデータ転送帯域幅ははるかに少ない。例えば、道路セグメントの詳細な表現を記憶するのではなく、疎なデータ地図は、道路の沿った好ましい車両経路の三次元多項式表現を記憶し得る。これらの経路が必要とするデータ記憶空間は、ごくわずかであり得る。更に、記載される疎なデータ地図では、陸標が識別され、ナビゲーションを支援するために疎なマップ道路モデルに含まれ得る。これらの陸標は、車両ナビゲーションを可能にするのに適する任意の間隔で配置し得るが、幾つかの場合、そのような陸標は、モデルにおいて高密度且つ短い間隔で識別され含まれる必要はない。むしろ、幾つかの場合、ナビゲーションは、少なくとも50メートル、少なくとも100メートル、少なくとも500メートル、少なくとも1キロメートル、又は少なくとも2キロメートルだけ離間された陸標に基づいて行うことができる。他のセクションでより詳細に考察するように、疎な地図は、車両が道路に沿って移動する際、画像捕捉デバイス、全地球測位システムセンサ、移動センサ等の様々なセンサ及びデバイスが備えられた車両により収集又は測定されるデータに基づいて生成し得る。幾つかの場合、疎な地図は、特定の道路に沿った1台又は複数台の車両の複数の運転において収集されるデータに基づいて生成し得る。
幾つかの実施形態では、開示されるシステム及び方法は、自律車両ナビゲーションの道路モデルを構築し得る。例えば、道路モデルはクラウドソースのデータを含み得る。開示されるシステム及び方法は、観測される局所状況に基づいてクラウドソースのデータを改良し得る。更に、開示されるシステム及び方法は、センサ情報に基づいて自律車両の改良された軌道を決定し得る。更になお、開示されるシステム及び方法は、道路モデルで使用する陸標を識別し得、その上、道路モデルでの陸標の位置を改良する。これらのシステム及び方法を以下のセクションで更に詳細に開示する。
幾つかの実施形態では、開示されるシステム及び方法は、自律車両ナビゲーションの道路モデルを構築し得る。例えば、開示されるシステム及び方法は、クラウドソースのデータを使用して、1台又は複数台の自律車両を道路システムに沿ってナビゲートするのに使用し得る自律車両道路モデルを生成し得る。クラウドソーシングとは、データが、異なるときに道路セグメントを走行する様々な車両(例えば、自律車両)から受信され、そのようなデータが道路モデルの生成及び/又は更新に使用されることを意味する。また、モデルは、それらの車両又はその道路セグメントに沿って後に走行する他の車両に送信されて、自律車両ナビゲーションを支援し得る。道路モデルは、自律車両が道路セグメントを走行する際に辿るべき好ましい軌道を表す複数の目標軌道を含み得る。目標軌道は、道路セグメントを走行する車両から収集される再構築された実際の軌道と同じであり得、これは車両からサーバに送信し得る。幾つかの実施形態では、目標軌道は、1台又は複数台の車両が道路セグメントを走行する際に前にとった実際の軌道と異なり得る。目標軌道は、実際の軌道に基づいて(例えば、平均又は任意の他の適する演算を通して)生成し得る。
開示される実施形態によれば、システムは、共通の道路セグメントを走行する車両の観測軌道(例えば、車両によりサーバに転送される軌道情報に対応し得る)に基づいて、自律車両道路ナビゲーションモデルを生成し得る。しかし、観測された軌道は、道路セグメントを走行している車両によりとられる実際の軌道に対応しないことがある。むしろ、特定の状況では、サーバにアップロードされる軌道は、車両により決定される実際の再構築軌道から変更され得る。例えば、車両システムは、実際にとられた軌道を再構築する間、センサ情報(例えば、カメラにより提供される画像の分析)を使用して、それ自体の軌道が、道路セグメントにとって好ましい軌道ではない可能性があると判断し得る。例えば、車両は、車載カメラからの画像データに基づいて、レーンの中心を運転していないか、又は所定の時間期間にわたりレーン境界を越えたと判断し得る。そのような場合、センサ出力から導出される情報に基づいて、特に、車両の再構築軌道(走行した実際の経路)への改良を行い得る。次に、実際の軌道ではなく、改良された軌道をサーバにアップロードして、疎なデータ地図800の構築又は更新に潜在的に使用し得る。
開示される実施形態によれば、システムは、陸標を識別して、自律車両道路ナビゲーションモデルで使用し得る。この識別は、他の特徴の中でも特に、陸標タイプ、物理的サイズ、及び識別された陸標の位置の特定を含み得る。
幾つかの状況では、車両ナビゲーションは、車両がその最後の既知の位置、速度履歴、及び移動履歴に基づいて現在位置を特定する自律航法に基づくことができる(例えば、少なくとも短い区分にわたり)。しかし、自律航法は、あらゆる新しい位置特定が、特定レベルの誤差が入り得る並進速度及び回転速度の測定に依存し得るため、蓄積誤差が入り得る。同様に、新しい各位置特定は、以前に特定された座標に依存し得、以前に特定された座標は、それ自体の不正確性を含む測定に基づいていた恐れがある。そのような不正確性及び誤差は、例えば、車両速度センサの出力等の様々なソースを通した自律航法位置特性を損なう恐れがある。速度検知の小さい不正確性であってさえも、時間の経過に伴って蓄積し得る。例えば、幾つかの場合、速度検知の小さい誤差(例えば、1km/時のオーダ又はそれ未満)が、1キロメートルにわたり1メートル、5メートル、又はそれを超えるオーダの位置特定誤差を生じさせる恐れがある。しかし、そのような誤差は、車両速度センサの較正を通して低減又はなくし得る。開示される実施形態によれば、そのような較正は、既知の陸標位置に基づいて又は車両が走行した道路セグメントに沿った基準距離に基づいて、自律車両により実行し得る。
幾つかの実施形態では、開示されるシステム及び方法は、適応自律ナビゲーションを提供し、疎な地図を更新し得る。例えば、開示されるシステム及び方法は、ユーザ介入に基づいてナビゲーションを適応させ、システム(例えば、自己認識システム)により行われた判断に基づいて適応ナビゲーションを提供し、道路で観測された状況が一時的であるか、それとも非一時的であるかに基づいて道路モデルを適応させ(例えば、適応道路モデルマネージャ)、1つ又は複数のシステムから受信される選択的フィードバックに基づいて道路モデルを管理し得る。これらの適応システム及び方法について、更に詳細に以下に説明する。
幾つかの実施形態では、開示されるシステム及び方法は、適応ナビゲーションの自己認識システムを提供し得る。例えば、サーバ(例えば、サーバ1230)は、道路モデルを車両に配信し得る。自律車両から受信されるフィードバックに基づいて、システムは、道路状況の変化に対応するために、1つ又は複数の更新(例えば、モデルへの適応)が道路モデルに必要であるか否かを特定し得る。例えば、幾つかの実施形態では、車両(自律車両であり得る)は、道路モデルに基づいて道路を走行し得、自己認識システムによりなされた観測を利用して、ナビゲーション調整状況に基づいて車両のナビゲーション操作を調整し得る。本明細書に記載されるように、ナビゲーション調整状況は、車両の環境内の任意の観測可能又は測定可能な状況を含み得る。システムは、少なくとも部分的に、車両の動作と道路セグメントの所定のモデル表現との比較に基づいて、車両のナビゲーション操作を決定し得る。システムは、カメラから、車両の環境を表す少なくとも1つの画像を受信し、次に、少なくとも1つの画像の分析に基づいて、車両の環境内でのナビゲーション調整状況の存在を特定し得る。この分析に基づいて、システムは、ユーザ介入なしで、ナビゲーション調整状況の存在に基づいて、車両にナビゲーション操作を調整させ得る。システムは、例えば、ナビゲーション調整状況に関連するデータ、画像、又はビデオを含む、ナビゲーション調整状況に関連する情報を記憶し得る。また、システムは、道路モデルへの更新が必要であるか否かの分析及び/又は判断のために、記憶された情報を1つ又は複数のサーバベースのシステムに送信することができる。
幾つかの実施形態では、開示されるシステム及び方法は、適応道路モデルマネージャを提供し得る。適応道路モデルマネージャは、サーバ(例えば、サーバ1230)により提供し得、適応道路モデルマネージャは、車両からデータを受信し、予期される車両ナビゲーション操作からの調整が一時的な状況に起因しない場合、道路モデルへの更新を行うか否かを特定し得る。車両は、1つ又は複数のネットワークを経由した(例えば、セルラネットワーク及び/又はインターネットを経由することを含む)無線データ接続を使用して、道路モデルからのナビゲーション逸脱に関するデータをサーバに送信し得る。例えば、サーバは、複数の自律車両のそれぞれから、決定されたナビゲーション操作への調整の発生に関連付けられたナビゲーション状況情報を受信し得る。サーバは、ナビゲーション状況情報を分析し、ナビゲーション状況情報の分析に基づいて、特定されたナビゲーション操作への調整が一時的な状況に起因したか否かを特定し得る。幾つかの実施形態では、サーバは、車両により提供される生データからナビゲーション操作を検出し得る(例えば、画像データを処理することにより)。サーバは、決定されたナビゲーション操作への調整が、一時的な状況に起因しなかった場合、少なくとも1つの道路セグメントを表す所定のモデルを更新し得る。本明細書において考察されるように、一時的な状況は、道路モデルへの更新が必要ないか、又は望ましくないような、所定の時間期間(例えば、数時間未満、1日未満、又は1週間未満、又はそれを超える期間未満)後に変わると予期される任意の状況である。そのような一時的状況は、所定の時間期間後、もはや存在しないことを予期し得、したがって、サーバは、道路モデルへの変更又は更新を行わないと判断し得る。逆に、サーバは、調整が一時的な状況に起因しなかったと判断する場合、道路モデルを更新すると判断し得る。
幾つかの実施形態では、開示されるシステム及び方法は、1つ又は複数の車両から受信される選択的フィードバックに基づいて道路モデルを管理し得る。先のセクションで考察したように、道路モデルは、目標軌道(例えば、道路セグメントに沿った所定の走行経路を表す三次元スプライン)を含み得る。開示される実施形態によれば、サーバ(例えば、サーバ1230)は、自律車両から道路環境情報を選択的に受信して、道路モデルを更新し得る。本明細書で使用される場合、道路環境情報は、道路又は道路セグメントに関連付けられた観測可能又は測定可能な状況に関連する任意の情報を含み得る。サーバは、様々な基準に基づいて道路環境情報を選択的に受信し得る。開示される実施形態に関連して、情報を選択的に受信することは、1つ又は複数の自律車両からサーバに送信されるデータ送信を制限する、サーバベースシステムの任意の能力を指し得る。1つ又は複数の自律車両からのデータ送信に課されるそのような制限は、任意の適する基準に基づいて行い得る。
Claims (20)
- 道路セグメントに沿って車両を自律的にナビゲートするためのシステムであって、
少なくとも1つのプロセッサを含み、前記少なくとも1つのプロセッサは、
画像捕捉デバイスから、前記車両の環境を表す少なくとも1つの画像を受信することと、
前記少なくとも1つの画像を分析して、少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標を識別することと、
少なくとも部分的に前記認識済み陸標の予め定められた位置に基づいて、前記道路セグメントに関連付けられた予め定められた道路モデル軌道に対する前記車両の現在位置を特定することであって、前記予め定められた位置は、複数の車両によって取得された前記少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標に関する複数の位置測定値に基づいて決定されることと、
前記車両の前記特定された現在位置での前記車両の進行方向に対する前記車両の前記特定された現在位置での前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道の方向に基づいて、前記車両の自律操舵動作を決定することと、を行うようにプログラムされる、システム。 - 前記認識済み陸標は、交通標識、矢印マーク、レーンマーク、破線レーンマーク、信号機、停止線、方向標識、反射板、陸標ビーコン、又は街灯柱のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記認識済み陸標は、前記道路セグメント上のライン間隔変更を含む、請求項1または2に記載のシステム。
- 前記認識済み陸標は、ビジネスの標識を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道は、前記道路セグメントに沿った目標軌道の三次元多項式表現を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記認識済み陸標間のナビゲーションは、車両速度を積分して、前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道に沿った前記車両の位置を特定することを含む、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記車両をナビゲートする自律操舵動作に基づいて、前記車両の操舵システムを調整するように更にプログラムされる、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標からの前記車両の距離を特定し、
前記距離に基づいて、前記車両が前記道路セグメントに関連付けられた前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道上に位置しているかを特定するように更にプログラムされる、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。 - 前記プロセッサは、前記車両が前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道に位置していない場合に、前記車両の現在の位置から前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道上の位置に前記車両を移動させるように、前記車両の操舵システムを調整するように更にプログラムされる、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 車両であって、
本体と、
前記車両の環境を表す少なくとも1つの画像を取得するように構成される少なくとも1つの画像捕捉デバイスと、
少なくとも1つのプロセッサと、を含み、
前記少なくとも1つのプロセッサは、
前記少なくとも1つの画像捕捉デバイスから、前記少なくとも1つの画像を受信することと、
前記少なくとも1つの画像を分析して、少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標を識別することと、
少なくとも部分的に前記認識済み陸標の予め定められた位置に基づいて、道路セグメントに関連付けられた予め定められた道路モデル軌道に対する前記車両の現在位置を特定することであって、前記予め定められた位置は、複数の車両によって取得された前記少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標に関する複数の位置測定値に基づいて決定されることと、
前記車両の前記特定された現在位置での前記車両の進行方向に対する前記車両の前記特定された現在位置での前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道の方向に基づいて、前記車両の自律操舵動作を決定することと、を行うようにプログラムされる、車両。 - 前記認識済み陸標は、交通標識、矢印マーク、レーンマーク、破線レーンマーク、信号機、停止線、方向標識、反射板、陸標ビーコン、街灯柱、道路上のライン間隔変更、又はビジネス標識のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項10に記載の車両。
- 前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道は、前記道路セグメントに沿った目標軌道の三次元多項式表現を含む、請求項10または11に記載の車両。
- 前記認識済み陸標間のナビゲーションは、車両速度を積分して、前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道に沿った前記車両の位置を特定することを含む、請求項10から12のいずれか1項に記載の車両。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記車両をナビゲートする自律操舵動作に基づいて、前記車両の操舵システムを調整するように更にプログラムされる、請求項10から13のいずれか1項に記載の車両。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標からの前記車両の距離を特定し、
前記距離に基づいて、前記車両が前記道路セグメントに関連付けられた前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道上に位置しているかを特定するように更にプログラムされる、請求項10から14のいずれか1項に記載の車両。 - 前記プロセッサは、前記車両が前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道に位置していない場合に、前記車両の現在の位置から前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道上の位置に前記車両を移動させるように、前記車両の操舵システムを調整するように更にプログラムされる、請求項15に記載の車両。
- 車両をナビゲートする方法であって、
前記車両に関連付けられた画像捕捉デバイスから、前記車両の環境を表す少なくとも1つの画像を受信する段階と、
前記車両に関連付けられたプロセッサを使用して前記少なくとも1つの画像を分析して、少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標を識別する段階と、
少なくとも部分的に認識済み陸標の予め定められた位置に基づいて、道路セグメントに関連付けられた予め定められた道路モデル軌道に対する前記車両の現在位置を特定する段階であって、前記予め定められた位置は、複数の車両によって取得された前記少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標に関する複数の位置測定値に基づいて決定される段階と、
前記車両の前記特定された現在位置での前記車両の進行方向に対する前記車両の前記特定された現在位置での前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道の方向に基づいて、前記車両の自律操舵動作を決定する段階と、
前記車両をナビゲートする前記自律操舵動作に基づいて、前記車両の操舵システムを調整する段階とを含む、方法。 - 車両速度を積分して、前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道に沿った前記車両の位置を特定する段階を更に含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記プロセッサを使用して、前記少なくとも1つの認識済み陸標からの前記車両の距離を特定する段階と、
前記距離に基づいて、前記道路セグメントに関連付けられた前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道上に前記車両が位置しているかを特定する段階とを更に含む、請求項17または18に記載の方法。 - 前記車両を前記車両の現在位置から前記予め定められた道路モデル軌道上の位置に移動させるのに必要な変換を決定する段階と、
前記変換に基づいて前記車両の前記操舵システムを調整する段階と、を更に含む請求項19に記載の方法。
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