NO319231B1 - Automatisk effektstyresystem for et kodedelt multiaksess (CDMA) kommunikasjonssystem - Google Patents
Automatisk effektstyresystem for et kodedelt multiaksess (CDMA) kommunikasjonssystem Download PDFInfo
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- NO319231B1 NO319231B1 NO20041820A NO20041820A NO319231B1 NO 319231 B1 NO319231 B1 NO 319231B1 NO 20041820 A NO20041820 A NO 20041820A NO 20041820 A NO20041820 A NO 20041820A NO 319231 B1 NO319231 B1 NO 319231B1
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- signal
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Classifications
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Description
Utvikling av kvalitets telekommunikasjonstjenester til grupper som blir klassifisert som fjerntliggende, som f.eks. telefonsystemer ut over landet og telefonsystemer i utviklingsland, har vist seg å være en utfordring i de senere år. Disse behov er delvis tilfredsstilt med trådløse radiotjenester som f.eks. faste mobile frekvensdelt multipleks (FDM), system, frekvensdelt multippel aksess (FDMA) system, tidsstilt multipleks (TDM) system, tidsdelt multippel aksess (TDMA) system, kombinasjoner av frekvens og tidsdelte systemer (FD/TDMA) og andre mobile radiosystemer over land. Som regel har disse langtrekkende tjenester flere mulige brukere enn de som kan betjenes samtidig med systemenes frekvenskapasitet og kapasitet når det gjelder spektral båndbredde.
I betraktning av disse begrensninger har senere fremskritt når det gjelder trådløse kommunikasjoner benyttet teknikker med spredt spektrum-modulasjon for å oppnå samtidig kommunikasjon for mange brukere over en enkel kommunikasjonskanal. Spredt spektrum-modulasjon går ut på modulering av et informasjonssignal med et spredende kodesignal; det spredende kodesignal som frembringes av en kodegenerator der perioden Tc for den spredende kode er betydelig mindre enn perioden for informasjonsdatabiten eller symbolsignalet. Koden kan modulere den bærefrekvens som informasjonen er blitt sendt over og dette kalles spredning med frekvenshopp eller koden kan direkte modulere signalet ved å multiplisere den spredende kode med informasjonsdatasignalet, noe som kalles direkte sekvensspredning (DS). Spredt-spektrum modulasjonen frembringer et signal som har en båndbredde der denne er betydelig større enn det som er nødvendig for å overføre informasjonssignalet. Synkron mottagning og avspredning av signalet ved mottagerens demodulator gjenoppretter den opprinnelige informasjonen.
Den synkrone demodulator gjør bruk av et referansesignal for å synkronisere avspredningskretsene med det spredt-spektrum modulerte inngangssignal for å gjenopprette bæreren og informasjonssignalet. Referanse kan være en spredende kode som ikke blir modulert av et informasjonssignal.
Spredt-spektrum modulasjon i trådløse nett byr på mange fordeler fordi flere brukere kan benytte det samme frekvensbånd med minimal interferens for hver brukers mottager. I tillegg reduserer spredt-spektrum modulasjon påvirkning fra andre kilder til interferens. Dessuten kan synkron spredt-spektrum modulasjon- og demodulasjonsteknikk utvides ved å anordne flere meldingskanaler for en bruker der hver kanal blir spredt med en forskjellig spredende kode mens det fremdeles overføres bare et enkelt referansesignal til brukeren.
Et annet problem som er knyttet til multippel aksess, spredt-spektrum kommunikasjonssystemer er behovet for å redusere den samlede overførte effekt fra brukerne i systemet siden brukerne kan ha begrenset tilgjengelig effekt. Et tilknyttet problem som krever effektstyring i spredt-spektrum systemer er knyttet til den iboende egenskap ved spredt-spektrum systemer at en brukers spredt-spektrum signal blir mottatt av en annen bruker som støy med et visst effektnivå. Som følge av dette kan brukere som sender med høye nivåer på signaleffekt interferere med andre brukeres mottagning. Hvis en bruker forflytter seg i forhold til en annen brukers geografiske område, vil også signal fading og forvrengning kreve at brukerne justerer nivået på deres sendeeffekter for å opprettholde en bestemt signalkvalitet og for å opprettholde den effekt som basestasjonene mottar fra alle brukere. Fordi det er mulig for spredt-spektrum systemet å ha flere fjerntliggende brukere som kan betjenes samtidig, bør effektstyresystemet sluttelig også ha en fremgangsmåte til kapasitetsregulering som forkaster ytterligere brukere når det maksimale effektnivå er nådd i systemet.
Tidligere spredt-spektrum systemet har gjort bruk av en basestasjon som måler et mottatt signal og sender et adaptivt effektstyre (APC) signal til de fjerntliggende brukere. Fjerntliggende brukere har en sender med automatisk forsterkningskrets (AGC) som reagerer på APC signalet. I slike systemer vil basestasjonen overvåke den samlede systemeffekt eller den effekt som mottas fra hver bruker og stille APC signalet i overensstemmelse med dette. Egenskapene ved dette åpne sløyfesystem kan forbedres ved å inkludere en måling av den signaleffekt som mottas av den fjerntliggende bruker fra basestasjonen og sende et APC signal tilbake til basestasjonen for å føle fremgangsmåten til styring av effekten i lukket sløyfe.
Disse effektstyresystemer oppviser imidlertid flere ulemper. For det første må basestasjonen utføre kompliserte effektstyre-algoritmer, noe som øker den mengde som skal behandles ved basestasjonen. For det annet blir systemet i virkeligheten utsatt for flere typer effektvariasjoner: variasjon i støyeffekten som skyldes forandringer i antallet av brukere og reaksjoner i den mottatte signaleffekt fra en bestemt bærekanal. Disse variasjoner finner sted med forskjellig frekvens slik at enkle effektstyrealgoritmer bare kan optimaliseres for en av de to typer variasjoner. Sluttelig har disse effektalgoritmer tilbøyelighet til å drive den samlede effekt i systemet til et forholdsvis høyt nivå. Som følge av dette er det behov for en fremgangsmåte til spredt-spektrum effektstyring som hurtig reagerer på endringer i bærekanalens effektnivåer samtidig med at det utføres justeringer for alle brukeres utsendte effekt som reaksjon på endringer i antall brukere. Dessuten er det et behov for et forbedret spredt-spektrum kommunikasjonssystem som gjør bruk av et effektstyresystem med lukket sløyfe der systemets samlede effektbehov minimaliseres med bibehold av en tilstrekkelig bitfeil-takt (BER) ved de enkelte fjerntliggende mottagere. I tillegg bør et system av denne art styre det opprinnelige sendeeffektnivå for en fjerntliggende bruker og ha kontroll over den samlede kapasitet i systemet.
Den internasjonale søknaden WO 92/21196, Qualcomm Incorporated, levert 17. mai 1992, med tittel fremgangsmåte og apparat for å kontrollere sendereffekt i et CDMA cellulært mobiltelefonsystem, angir et effektstyresystem for et cellulært mobiltelefonsystem hvor systembrukerne kommuniserer informasjonssignaler mellom seg via i det minste ett cellested som bruker kodedelt multippel aksess spredt-spektrum kommunikasjonssignaler. I denne løsningen vil effektkontrollsystemet styre transmisjonssignaleffekten for hver mobiltelefon i mobiltelefonsystemet hvor hver mobiltelefon har en antenne, sender og mottaker og hvor hvert cellested også har en antenne, sender og mottaker. Den utsendte signaleffekten fra cellestedet blir mottatt og målt i mobiltelefonenhetene. Sendereffekten blir justert i mobilenheten på en motsatt måte med hensyn til økning og minking i den mottatte signaleffekten.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse innbefatter et system og en fremgangsmåte for automatisk effektstyring (APC) i lukket sløyfe for en base radiobærestasjon (RCS) og en gruppe abonnentenheter (SU) i et spredt-spektrum kommunikasjonssystem. Abonnentenhetene (SU) sender spredt spektrumsignaler, basestasjonen (RCS), henter spredt-spektrum signalene og RCS måler det mottatte effektnivå for spredt-spektrum signalene pluss eventuelle forstyrrende signaler innbefattende støy. APC systemet innbefatter RCS og en flerhet av SU der RCS sender en flerhet av fremrettede kanalinformasjonssignaler til SU som en flerhet av foroverrettede kanal spredt-spektrum signaler som har et tilhørende foroverrettet sendeeffektnivå og hver SU sender til basestasjonen minst ett reversert spredt-spektrum signal som har et tilhørende reversert sendeeffektnivå og minst ett reversert kanal spredt-spektrumsignal som innbefatter et reversert kanalinformasj onssignal.
APC innbefatter et automatisk foroverrettet effektstyre- (AFPC) system og et automatisk reversert effektstyre (ARPC) system. AFPC har trinnene for hver SU med måling av det foroverrettede signal/støyforhold for det respektive foroverrettede kanalinformasjonssignal ved frembringelse av et respektivt foroverrettet kanalfeilsignal som innbefatter et mål på den foroverrettede feil mellom det respektive foroverrettede signal/støyforhold på en på forhånd bestemt signal/støyforholdverdi. Det foroverrettede kanalfeilsignal innbefatter også et mål på den ukorrelerte støy i kanalen. Det respektive foroverrettede kanalfeilsignal blir overført fra SU som en del av et respektivt reversert kanalinformasjonssignal. RCS innbefatter et flertall AFPC mottagere, de reverserte kanalinformasjonssignaler og for å trekke ut de foroverrettede kanalfeilsignaler fra de respektive reverserte kanalinformasjonssignaler. RCS justerer også det respektive foroverrettede effektnivå for sendingen for hver av de respektive foroverrettede spredt-spektrum signaler som reaksjon på det respektive foroverrettede feilsignal.
Delen av ARPC systemet i RCS måler et reversert signal/støyforhold for hvert av de respektive reverserte kanalinformasjonssignaler, frembringer et respektivt reversert kanalfeilsignal som innbefatter et mål på feilen mellom den respektive reverserte kanals signal/støyforhold og en på forhånd bestemt respektiv signal/støyverdi. Det reverserte kanalfeilsignal innbefatter også et mål på ukorrelert støy i kanalen. RCU overfører det respektive reverserte kanalfeilsignal som en del av et respektivt foroverrettet kanalinformasjonssignal. Hver abonnentenhet (SU) innbefatter en mottager med automatisk reversert effektstyring (ARPC) som mottar det foroverrettede kanalinformasjonssignal, trekker ut det respektive reverserte feilsignal fra det foroverrettede kanalinformasjonssignal og justerer det reverserte sendereffektnivå for det respektive reverserte spektrumsignal som reaksjon på det respektive reverserte feilsignal.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter kodedelt multippel aksess spredt spektrum kommunikasjonssystem som har en første og en andre kommunikasjonsstasjon og en fremgangsmåte for bruk i kontroll av et effektnivå til et første kommunikasjonssystem i et kodedelt multippel aksess spredt spektrum kommunikasjonssystem, slik som det er angitt i de vedlagte selvstendige krav 1 og 2 respektivt. Figur 1 er et blokkskjema for et kodedelt multippel aksess kommunikasjonssystem ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Figur 2 er som eksempel et flytskjema for en styrealgoritme til opprettholdelse av effekt ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Figur 3 er som eksempel et flytskjema for en automatisk foroverrettet effektstyrealgoritme ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Figur 4 er som eksempel et flytskjema for en automatisk reversert effektstyrealgoritme ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Figur S er som eksempel et blokkskjema for et effektstyresystem med lukket sløyfe ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse når basrekanalen er etablert. Figur 6 er som eksempel et blokkskjema for et effektstyresystem med lukket sløyfe ifølge oppfinnelsen under prosessen med å etablere bærekanalen.
Systemet ifølge oppfinnelsen går ut på en telefontjeneste med lokal sløyfe der det gjøres bruk av en radiolink mellom en eller flere basestasjoner og flere fjerntliggende abonnentenheter. I utførelseseksempelet er en radiolink beskrevet for en basestasjon som kommuniserer med en fast abonnentenhet (FSU), men systemet kan like godt anvendes i systemet som innbefatter flere basestasjoner med radiolinker til både FSU enheter og mobile abonnentenheter (MSU). Av den grunn er fjerntliggende abonnentenheter her betegnet som abonnentenheter (SU).
På fig. 1 foretar basestasjonen (BS) 101 oppkallingsforbindelser til en lokal sentral (LE) 103 eller koblingsgrensesnittet for et annet telefonnett og innbefatter en radiobærestasjon (RCS) 104. En eller flere radiobærestasjoner 104,105,110 er forbundet med en radiodistribusjonsenhet (RDU) 102 gjennom linker 131,132, 137, 138,139 og radiodistribusjonsenheten 102 har grensesnitt mot den lokale sentral LE 103 ved overføring og mottagning av oppkallinger, styre- og informasjonssignaler gjennom telco linker 141,142, 150. Abonnentenhetene 116, 119 kommuniserer med radiobærestasjonen RCS 104 gjennom RF linker 161,162,163,164, 165. Som et alternativ innbefatter en annen utførelse av oppfinnelsen flere abonnentenheter (SU) og en "master" SU med funksjon svarende til radiobærestasjonen. En slik utførelse kan, men behøver ikke, ha forbindelse til et lokalt telefonnett.
Selv om den beskrevne utførelse gjør bruk av forskjellige spredt-spektrum båndbredder som er sentrert rundt en bærer for sending og mottagning av spredt-spektrum kanaler, kan foreliggende fremgangsmåte lett utvides til systemer som gjør bruk av flere spredt-spektrum bånd bredder for sendekanalene og flere spredt-spektrum båndbredder for mottagerkanalene. Fordi spredt-spektrum kommunikasjonssystemer har det iboende trekk at en brukers sendinger opptrer som støy for en annen brukers avspredende mottager, kan som et alternativ en utførelse benytte den samme spredt-spektrum kanal som banekanaler for både sending og mottagning. Med andre ord kan opplink og nedlink sendinger oppta det samme frekvensbånd. En utførelse av oppfinnelsen kan også gjøre bruk av flere spredt-spektrum kanaler som ikke behøver være nærliggende i frekvens. I denne utførelse kan en hvilken som helst kanal benyttes for opplink, nedlink eller opplink og nedlink sending.
I et utførelseseksempel blir spredt binær symbolinformasjon overført over radiolinkene 161 til 165 ved bruk av kvadraturfaseskiftnøkling (QPSK) modulasjon med Nyquist pulsforming selv om andre modulasjonsteknikker kan benyttes, innbefattende, men ikke begrenset til, forskjøvet QPSK (OQPSK). Minimum skiftnøkling (MSK), M-ari faseskiftnøkkel (MPSK) og gaussisk faseskiftnøkling (GPSK).
CDMA demodulatoren i enten radiobærestasjonen eller hos abonnenten avspreder det mottatte signal med den rette behandling for å motvirke eller undersøke virkninger som forplanter seg over flere baner. Parametere som gjelder det mottatte effektnivå blir benyttet til å frembringe den automatiske effektstyreinformasjon (APC) som på sin side overføres til den andre ende. Den automatiske effektstyreinformasjon blir benyttet til å styre overført effekt fra den automatiske foroverrettede effektstyring (AFPC) og automatisk reversert effektstyrelinker (ARPC). I tillegg kan hver radiobærestasjon RCS 104,105 og 110 foreta opprettholdende effektstyring (MPC) på en måte svarende til automatisk effektstyring (APC) for å justere den opprinnelig utsendte effekt fra hver abonnentenhet 111,112,115,117 og 118. Demodulasjon er koherent der pilotsignalet gir fasereferansen.
Sendeeffektnivåene for radiogrensesnittet mellom radiobærerstasjonen 104 og abonnentenhetene 111,112,115,117 og 118 blir styrt ved bruk av to forskjellige effektstyrealgoritmer med lukket sløyfe. Den automatiske foroverrettede effektstyring (AFPC) bestemmer effektnivået for nedlinksendingen og den automatiske reverserte effektstyring (ARPC) bestemmer effektnivået for opplinkssendingen. Den logiske styrekanal ved hjelp av hvilken abonnentenheten 111 og radiobærerstasjonen 104, f.eks. overfører effektstyreinformasjon med arbeider med minst en 16 kHz oppdateirngstakt. Andre utførelser kan benytte en hurtigere 32 kHz oppdateirngstakt. Disse algoritmer sikrer at sendereffekten for en bruker opprettholder en godtagbar bitfeil-takt (BER), holder systemets effekt på et minimum for å spare effekt og holder effektnivået for alle abonnentenheter 111,112,115,117 og 118 slik det mottas fra radiobærerstasjonen 104 på et tilnærmet likt nivå.
I tillegg innbefatter systemet en eventuell algoritme til opprettholdelse av effekt og denne blir benyttet når en abonnentenhet er uvirksom. Når abonnentenheten 111 er uvirksom eller har nedsatt effekt for å spare denne, kan enheten fra tid til annen selv tre i virksomhet og justere sin opprinnelige innstilling av nivået for sendereffekt som reaksjon på et styresignal fra radiobærerstasjonen 104 om opprettholdelse av effekten. Opprettholdelsessignalet blir bestemt av radiobærerstasjonen 104 ved å måle effektnivået for abonnentenheten 111 og det nåværende effektnivå i systemet og beregne den nødvendige utgangseffekt for sending. Fremgangsmåten forkorter kanalens uthentningstid for abonnentenheten 111 når den settes i virksomhet for å begynne en kommunikasjon. Fremgangsmåten forhindrer også sendeeffektnivået for abonnentenheten 111 fra å bli for høyt og fra å forstyrre andre kanaler under den begynnende overføring før effektstyringen med lukket sløyfe justerer sendeeffekten til et nivå som passer for den andre meldingstrafikk i kanalen.
Radiobærerstasjonen 104 for synkronisering av syntaksgiver fra en grensesnittlinje så som, men ikke begrenset til, El, Tl eller HDSL-grensesnitt. Hver radiobærerstasjon kan også frembringe sitt eget interne taktgiversignal fra en oscillator som kan reguleres med en mottager for globalt posisjoneirngssystem (GPS). Radiobærerstasjonen 104 frembringer en global pilotkode for en kanal som har en spredt kode, men ingen data-modulasjon, noe som kan hentes av fjerntliggende abonnentenheter 111 -118. Alle overføringskanaler for radiobærerstasjonen er synkrone med pilotkanalen og spredende kodefaser for kodegeneratorer (ikke vist) som benyttes for logiske kommunikasjonskanaler i radiobærerstasjonen 104, er også synkrone med pilotkanalenes spredekodefase. På tilsvarende måte vil abonnentenhetene 111-118 som mottar den globale pilotkode fra radiobærerstasjonen 104 synkronisere spredningen og avspredningen av kodefasene for kodegeneratorene (ikke vist) for abonnentenhetene med den globale pilotkode.
Logiske kommunikasjonskanaler
En "kanal" som er tidligere kjent, blir som regel betraktet som en kommunikasjonsbane som er en del av et grensesnitt og som kan skjelnes fra andre baner i grensesnittet uten hensyn til dens innhold. Når det gjelder CDMA, skiller imidlertid separate kommunikasjonsbaner seg ut bare ved sitt innhold. Uttrykket "logisk kanal" benyttes for å skjelne de separate datastrømmer som er logisk ekvivalent med kanaler i den vanlige betydning. Alle logiske kanaler og underkanaler ifølge oppfinnelsen er avbildet som en felles 64 kilo-symboler pr. sekund (ksym/s) kvadraturfaseskiftnøkler (QPSK) strøm. Noen kanaler er synkronisert med tilhørende pilotkoder som ble frembragt og har samme funksjon som systemets globale pilotkode. Systemets pilotsignaler er imidlertid ikke å betrakte som logiske kanaler.
Flere logiske kommunikasjonskanaler benyttes over RF kommunikasjonslinken mellom radiobærerstasjonen og abonnentenheten. Hver logiske kommunikasjonskanal har enten en fast på forhånd bestemt spredekode eller en dynamisk tildelt spredekode. For både forhåndsbestemte og tildelte koder er kodefasen synkron med pilotkoden. Logiske kommunikasjonskanaler blir delt i to grupper: Den globale kanalgruppe (GC) og den tildelte kanalgruppe (AC). Den globale kanalgruppe innbefatter kanaler som enten blir overført fra basestasjonen, radiobærerstasjonen til alle fjerne abonnentenheter fra en hvilken som helst abonnentenhet til radiobærerstasjonen i basestasjonen uansett abonnentenhetens identitet. Disse kanaler inneholder som regel informasjon av en gitt type til alle brukere. Disse kanaler innbefatter de kanaler som brukes av abonnentenhetene for å få aksess til systemet. Kanalene i gruppen med tildelte kanaler (AC) er de kanaler som er avsatt til kommunikasjon mellom radiobærerstasjonen og en bestemt abonnentenhet.
Trekket med effektstyring ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse benyttes til å redusere mest mulig sendereffekten som benyttes mellom en radiobærerstasjon og en hvilken som helst abonnentenhet som den er i kommunikasjon med. Deltrekket ved effektstyringen som oppdaterer sendereffekt under en forbindelse med en bærerkanal, er definert som automatisk effektstyring (APC). Data for automatisk effektstyring overføres fra radiobærerstasjonen til en abonnentenhet over den foroverrettede automatiske effektstyrekanal og fra en abonnentenhet til radiobærerstasjonen over den reverserte automatiske effektstyrekanal. Når det ikke ligger noe virksom datalink mellom de to, vil deltrekket med opprettholdende effektstyring (MPC) styre sendereffekten for abonnentenheten.
Sendereffektnivåene for foroverrettede og reverserte tildelte signaler og reverserte globale kanaler blir styrt av den automatiske effektstyrende algoritme for å opprettholde tilstrekkelig signaleffekt overfor forholdet til interferens støyeffekt (SIR) på disse kanaler og for å stabilisere og minimalisere systemets utgangseffekt. Foreliggende oppfinnelse gjør bruk av et effektstyresystem med lukket sløyfe hvori en mottager styrer dens tilknyttede sender for med inkrementer å heve eller senke dens sendereffekt. Denne styring blir ledet til den tilknyttede sender via effektstyresignal over den automatiske effektstyrekanal. Mottageren bekrefter bestemmelsen om å øke eller redusere senderens effekt basert på to feilsignaler. Et feilsignal er en indikasjon på forskjellen mellom de målte og de nødvendige avspredende signaleffekter og det andre feilsignal er en angivelse av den gjennomsnittlige mottatte samlede effekt.
Som benyttet i den beskrevne utførelse av oppfinnelsen, benyttes uttrykket nær-ende effektstyring for å angi justering av senderens utgangseffekt i overensstemmelse med det automatiske effektstyresignal som mottas på den automatiske effektstyrekanal fra den annen ende. Dette betyr den reverserte effektstyring for abonnentenheten og foroverrettet effektstyring for radiobærerstasjonen; og uttrykket fjem-ende automatisk effektstyring benyttes for å angi foroverrettet effektstyring for abonnentenheten og reversert effektstyring for radiobærerstasjonen (justering av sendeeffekten for enheten ved den motstående ende av kanalen).
For å spare effekt, vil abonnentenhetens modem avslutte sending og senke effekten i påvente av en oppringing og dette defineres som hvilefasen. Hvilefasen blir avsluttet med et vekkesignal fra abonnentenhetens styring. Som reaksjon på dette signal vil opphentningskretsen i abonnentenhetens modem automatisk gå over i ny uthentningsfase og begynne prosessen med uthentning av nedlink piloten som beskrevet i det følgende.
Nær-ende effektstyringen innbefatter to trinn: for det første innstilling av den opprinnelige sendeeffekt; for det annet kontinuerlig justering av sendeeffekten ifølge den informasjon som mottas fra fjern-enden som gjør bruk av automatisk effektstyring.
For abonnentenheten blir sendingens utgangseffekt stilt på en minimumsverdi og deretter hevet med rampeverdi for eksempel med en hastighet på 1 dB/ms inntil enten en rampe-opptid løper ut (ikke vist) eller radiobærerstasjonen forandrer den tilsvarende trafikklysverdi på den hurtige kringkastingskanal (FBCH) til "rød" som angir at radiobærerstasjonen (RCS) har låst seg til abonnentenhetens korte pilotsignal (SAXPT). Utløpet av tiden fører til at SAXPT overføringen kobles ned hvis ikke trafikklysverdien først er satt på rød, og i så tilfelle vil abonnentenheten fortsette å øke rampeverdien for sendeeffekten, men med en meget lavere takt enn før "rød" signalet ble påvist.
For radiobærerstasjonen blir utgangssendeeffekten stilt på en fast verdi svarende til den minste verdi som er nødvendig for pålitelig drift slik det blir bestemt med eksperimenter for den tjenestetype det gjelder og det aktuelle antall system brukere. Globale kanaler som f.eks. Global Pilot eller hurtig kringkastingskanal (FBCH) blir alltid overført med den faste utgangseffekt mens trafikkanaler veksles over til automatisk effektstyring
(APC).
APC signalet sendes som enbit-signaler på kanalen for automatisk effektstyring. Enbit-signaler representerer en kommando og må øke (signalet er logisk høyt) eller redusere (signalet er logisk lavt) den tilknyttede sendereffekt. I den beskrevne utførelse er datastrømmen på 64 kbps med automatisk effektstyring ikke kodet eller innfelt.
Fjernende effektstyring består av informasjon om nær-ende styring av sendereffekt som kan benyttes ved fjernenden ved justering av dens sendereffekt.
Algoritmen for automatisk effektstyring får radiobærerstasjonen eller abonnentenheten til å sende +1 hvis den følgende ulikhet gjelder, eller sendes -1 (logisk lav).
Her blir feilsignalet et beregnet som der P<jer det avspredte signal + støyeffekt, Pner den avspredte støyeffekt og SNRrefer det ønskede avspredte signal/støyforhold for den tjenestetype det gjelder og
der Pr er et mål på den mottatte effekt og P0er innstillingspunktet for kretsen til automatisk forsterkningsstyring (AGC). Vektene ai og012i ligning (30) er valgt for hver tjenestetype og for oppdateringstakten i den automatiske effektstyring.
Under hvilefasen for abonnentenheten (SU) vil støyeffekten i interferenser i RF kanalen med kodedel multiaksess (CDMA) forandre seg. Som et alternativ til fremgangsmåten med rampestyring opp av utgangseffekten som beskrevet ovenfor, kan foreliggende oppfinnelse innbefatte et trekk med vedlikehold av effektstyring (MPC) som periodisk justerer abonnentenhetens (SU) utgangssendeeffekt i forhold til interferensstøyens effekt i den kodedelte multi-aksesskanal. Vedlikeholdet av effektstyring (MPC) er den prosess hvorved effektnivået for sendingen fra en abonnentenhet (SU) opprettholdes med nær tilnærming til det minste nivå som kreves for at radiobærerstasjonen (RCS) skal oppfatte abonnentenhetens (SU) signal. Prosessen for vedlikehold av effektstyring (MPC) kompenserer for lavfrekvensendringer i den nødvendige sendereffekt for abonnentenheten.
Trekket med vedlikeholdende styring gjør bruk av to globale kanaler: en kalles statuskanalen (STCH) eller reversert link og den andre kalles kontrollkanal (CUCH) på den foroverrettede link. Signalene som sendes på disse kanaler fører ikke data og de frembringes på samme måte som de korte koder som anvendes i oppramping av utgangseffekten blir frembrakt. Statuskanal-(STCH) og kontrollkanal-(CUCH) kodene frembringes i en "reservert" gren av den globale kodegenerator. Prosessen med vedlikehold av effektstyringen (MPC) er som følger. Med tilfeldige mellomrom sender abonnentenheten (SU) en spredekode for symbollengde periodisk i 3 msek på statuskanalen (STCH). Hvis radiobærerstasjonen oppfatter sekvensen, svarer denne ved å sende en kodesekvens for symbollengde i de neste 3 msek. på kontrollkanalen (CUCH). Når abonnentenheten SU oppfatter svaret fra radiobærerstasjonen, vil abonnentenhetene redusere sin sendereffekt med en bestemt trinnstørrelse. Hvis abonnentenheten SU ikke oppfatter noe svar fra radiobærerstasjonen i løpet av perioden på 3 msek., øker den sin sendereffekt med trinnstørrelsen. Ved bruk av denne fremgangsmåten blir radiobærerstasjonens svar overført med et effektnivå som er tilstrekkelig til å opprettholde en 0,99 påvisningssannsynlighet ved alle abonnentenheter.
Forandringstakten når det gjelder trafikkbelastningen og antallet av aktive brukere, er knyttet til den samlede effekt for interferensstøy i CDMA kanalen. Oppdateringstakten og trinnstørrelsen på oppdateringssignalet for opprettholdelse av effekten ved foreliggende oppfinnelse blir bestemt ved bruk av fremgangsmåter med kødannelsesteorier, noe som er velkjent på området for kommunikasjonsteori. Ved å modellere prosessen med utførelse av en oppkalling som en eksponensiell utvalgsbehandling med middelverdi 6,0 min., viser numerisk beregning at opprettholdelse av effektnivået for en abonnentenhet bør oppdateres en gang hvert 10. sekund eller kortere for å være i stand til å følge forandringene i interferensnivået ved bruk av 0,5 dB trinnstørrelse. Modellering av prosessen ved utførelse av en oppkalling som en Poisson utvalgsbehandling med eksponensielle ankomsttider, med ankomsttakt på 2 x 10"<4>pr. sek. pr. bruker, tjenestetakt på 1/360 pr. sekund og den samlede abonnentpopulasjon er 600 i radiobærerstasjonens tjenesteområde gir også ved numerisk beregning at en oppdateringstakt på en gang på hvert 10. sekund er tilstrekkelig når det anvendes en trinnstørrelse på 0,5 dB.
Justering for opprettholdelse eller vedlikehold av effekt utføres periodisk av abonnentenheten som veksler fra hvilefase til våken fase og utfører prosessen (MPC) for vedlikehold av effektstyringen. Prosessen for trekket med vedlikehold av effektstyring (MPC) er vist på fig. 2 og er som følger. Først, ved trinn 201 utveksles signaler mellom abonnentenheten og radiobærerstasjonen som vedlikeholder et sendereffektnivå som ligger tett opp til det nødvendige nivå for påvisning: abonnentenheten (SU) sender periodisk en spredekode for symbollengde i statuskanalen (STCH) og radiobærerstasjonen sender periodisk en spredekode for symbollengde i kontrollkanalen (CUCH) som svar.
Deretter vil, hvis abonnentenheten mottar et svar innen 3 msek. etter at STCH meldingen er sendt, ved trinn 202 redusere sin sendereffekt med en særlig trinnstørrelse ved trinn 203, men hvis abonnentenheten SU ikke mottar et svar innen 3 msek. etter STCH meldingen, vil den øke sin sendereffekt med den samme trinnstørrelse ved trinn 204.
Abonnentenheten SU venter ved trinn 205 en tidsperiode før sending av en annen STCH melding der denne tidsperiode blir bestemt av en tilfeldighetsprosess med gjennomsnitt på 10 sek.
På denne måte blir sendereffekten for STCH meldingene fra SU justert periodisk basert på radiobærerstasjonens svar og sendereffekten for CUCH meldingene fra radiobærerstasjonen RCS er fast.
Effektstyresignaler blir avbildet for bestemte logiske kanaler til styring av sendereffektnivåer for foroverrettede og reverserte tildelte kanaler. Reverserte globale kanaler blir også styrt av APC algoritmen for å opprettholde tilstrekkelig signaleffekt i forhold til interferensstøyeffekten (SIR) på disse reverserte kanaler og for å stabilisere og minimalisere systemets utgangseffekt. Foreliggende oppfinnelse gjør bruk av en effektstyremetode med lukket sløyfe der en mottager periodisk bestemmer å heve eller senke inkrementelt utgangseffekten for senderen ved den annen ende. Denne metode fører også denne beslutning tilbake til den respektive sender.
Foroverrettede og reverserte linker blir styrt uavhengig av hverandre. For en oppkalling/forbindelsesprosess blir effekten i foroverlinken i trafikkanalen (TRCH) for automatisk effektstyring og effekten for ordenleder (OW) styrt med APC biter som sendes over den reverserte APC kanal. Under oppsetting av oppkalling/forbindelse blir effekten i den reverserte link-aksesskanal (AXCH) også styrt med APC bitene som overføres over den foroverrettede APC kanal. Tabell 2 oppsummerer de spesielle fremgangsmåter til effektstyring for de styrte kanaler. De nødvendige SIR verdier for de tildelte kanaler TRCH, APC og OW og reversert tildelt pilotsignal for en hvilken som helst SU står i fast forhold til hverandre og kanalene blir utsatt for så godt som identisk fading og av den grunn blir deres effekt styrt sammen.
AFPC systemet søker å opprettholde den minimum nødvendige SIR på de foroverrettede kanaler under en oppkalling/forbindelse. Den rekursive AFPC prosess som er vist på fig. 3 består av trinnene med å ha en abonnentenhet (SU) i form av de to feilsignaler ei ogG2i trinn 301 der
og Pd er det avspredte signal pluss støyeffekt, PNer den avspredte støyeffekt, SNRrefer det nødvendige signal/støyforhold for tjenestetypen, Pr er et mål på den samlede mottatte effekt og P0er innstillingspunktet for den automatiske forsterkningsstyring (AGC). Deretter danner SU modemet det kombinerte feilsignal ai ei + 0^2 i trinn 302. Her velges det vekter ai og a2for hver tjenestetype og en oppdateringstakt for den automatiske effektstyring (APC). I trinn 303 vil abonnentenheten skarpt begrense det sammensatte feilsignal og danner en enkel APC bit. Abonnentenheten (SU) sender APC biten til radiobærerstasjonen (RCS) i trinn 304 og modemet i radiobærerstasjonen (RCS) mottar biten i trinn 305. RCS hever og senker sendereffekten til abonnentenheten (SU) i trinn 306 og algoritmen gjentas med start fra trinn 301. ARPC systemet opprettholder det minste nødvendige SIR på de reverserte kanaler for mest mulig å redusere systemets samlede reverserte utgangseffekt både under opprettelse av oppkalling/forbindelse og mens oppkalling/forbindelse er under utvikling. Den rekursive ARPC prosess som er vist på fig. 4 begynner ved trinn 401 der RCS modemet former de to feilsignaler ei og et i trinn 401 der og Pd er det avspredte signal pluss støyeffekt, Pner den avspredte støyeffekt, SNRrefer referansen for signal/støyforholdet for tjenestetypen, P„ er et mål på den gjennomsnittlige samlede effekt som mottas av RCS og P0 er innstillingspunktet for automatisk forsterkningsstyring (AGC). Modemet i RCS former det sammensatte feilsignal aj ei + a2e2i trinn 402 og foretar en hard begrensning av dette feilsignal for å bestemme en enkel APC bit i trinn 403. RCS sender APC biten til SU i trinn 404 og biten blir mottatt av SU i trinn 405. Sluttelig vil abonnentenheten (SU) justere den utsendte effekt i henhold til den mottatte APC bit i trinn 406 og prosessen gjentas med start fra trinn 401.
Det nødvendige signal/støyforhold (SIR) for kanalene på en link er en funksjon av kanalformat (f.eks. foroverrettet link trafikkanal (TRCH), ordensleder (OW)), tjenester type (feks. ISDN B, 32 kb/s ADPCM POTS), og antallet av symboler som databiter er fordelt over (f.eks. to 64 kb/s symboler er integrert for å danne et enkelt 32 kb/s ADPCM POTS symbol). Den avspredte utgangseffekt som svarer til det nødvendige SIR for hver kanal og tjenestetype er bestemt på forhånd. Mens en oppkalling/forbindelse pågår, er flere CDMA logiske brukerkanaler samtidig i virksomhet; hver av disse kanaler overfører et symbol for hver symbolperiode. SIR for symbolet fra den nominelt sett høyeste SIR kanal blir målt, sammenlignet med en terskel og benyttet for å bestemme APC trinnet opp/ned for hver symbolperiode. Tabell 2 angir det symbol (og den terskel) som benyttes for APC beregning på grunnlag av tjeneste og oppkallingstype.
APC informasjon blir alltid ført frem som en enkel bit informasjon og APC datatakten tilsvarer oppdateringstakten for APC. Oppdateringstakten for APC er 64 kb/s. Denne takt er tilstrekkelig høy til å kunne overvåke forventede Rayleigh og Doppler fadinger og tillater en forholdsvis høy (-0,2) bitfeil-takt (BER) på opplink og nedlink APC kanalene, noe som reduserer den kapasitet som kreves av APC.
Opp/ned trinnet for effekt som angitt med en APC bit, er nominelt mellom 0,1 og 0,01 dB. Det dynamiske området for effektstyring er 70 dB på den reverserte link og 12 dB på den foroverrettede link i dette utførelseseksempel på det foreliggende system.
De tildelte APC og OW logiske kanaler som tidligere er beskrevet kan også multiplekses sammen i en logisk kanal. APC informasjonen blir overført med 64 kg/sek. kontinuerlig mens OW informasjonen foregår med datastøt. Den alternative multiplekse logiske kanal innbefatter den ukodede, ikke innfelte 64 kg/sek. APC informasjon på f.eks. i fasekanalen og OW informasjonen på kvadraturkanalen for QPSK signalet.
Effektstyringen med lukket sløyfe vil under en oppkalling/forbindelse svare på to forskjellige variasjoner i systemets samlede effekt. Først reagerer systemet på lokal opptreden som f.eks. endringer i effektnivået hos en SU og for det andre reagerer systemet på endringer i effektnivået for hele gruppen av aktive brukere i systemet.
Effektstyresystemet i dette utførelseseksempel på foreliggende oppfinnelse er vist på fig.
5. Som vist blir kretsene benyttet til å justere den utsendte effekt på samme måte for RCS (vist som effektstyremodulen 501 i RCS) og SU (vist som effektstyremodulen 502 for SU). Med effektstyremodulen 501 for RCS som utgangspunkt blir signalet på den reverserte link RF kanal mottatt ved RF antennen og demodulert for å frembringe det reverserte CDMA signal RMCH som påtrykkes forsterkeren (VGA1) 510 som har variabel forsterkning. Utgangssignalet fra VGA1 510 overføres til kretsen 511 som har automatisk forsterkningsstyring (AGC) og som frembringer et variabelt forsterkningsstyresignal til VGA1 510. Dette signal opprettholder nivået på utgangssignalet fra VGA1 510 med en nesten konstant verdi. Utgangssignalet fra VGA1 blir avspredt ved avsprede-demultiplekseren (demuks) 512, som frembringer et avspredt brukermeldingssignal MS og en foroverrettet APC bit. Den foroverrettede APC bit påtrykkes integratoren 513 for å frembringe det foroverrettede APC styresignal. Det foroverrettede APC styresignal styrer den foroverrettede link VGA2 514 og holder signalet på den foroverrettede link RF kanal på et minimumsnivå som er nødvendig for kommunikasj onen.
Signaleffekten i det avspredte brukermeldingssignal MS fra RCS effektmodulen 501, blir målt med effektmålekretsen 515 for å frembringe en avlesning av signaleffekt. Utgangen fra VGA1 er også avspredt med AUX avsprederen som avspreder signalet ved å bruke en ukorrelert spredekode og dermed fremkommer et avspredt støysignal. Effektmålingen for dette signal blir multiplisert med 1 pluss det nødvendige signal/støyforhold (SNRr) for å danne terskelsignalet Sl. Forskjellen mellom den avspredte signaleffekt og terskelverdien Sl fremkommer i subtrahereren 516. Denne forskjell er feilsignalet ESI som er et feilsignal knyttet til det særlige sendereffektnivå for SU. På tilsvarende måte blir styresignalet for VGA1 510 påtrykket taktskaleringskretsen 517 for å redusere takten for styresignalet for VGA1 510. Utgangssignalet fra skaleringskretsen 517 er et skalert systemsignal SP1 for effektnivå. Terskelberegningslogikken 518 beregner systemets signalterskelverdi SST fra RCS brukerkanalens effektdatasignal (RCSUSR). Komplementet med det skalerte system-effektnivå signal SP1 og systemets signaleffekt terskelverdi SST påtrykkes en summerer 519 som frembringer det andre feilsignal ES2. Dette feilsignal er knyttet til systemets sendereffektnivå for alle aktive SU. Inngangsfeilsignalene ES 1 og ES2 blir kombinert i kombinereren 520 for å frembringe en sammensatt feilsignalinngang til delta modulatoren (DM1) 521 og utgangssignalet fra DM1 er det reverserte APC bitstrøm signal som har biter med verdi +1 eller -1 og som for foreliggende oppfinnelse overføres som et 64 kb/sek. signal.
Den reverserte APC bit som påtrykkes spredekretsen 522 og utgangssignalet fra spredekretsen 522 er det foroverrettede spredt-spektrum APC meldingssignal. Foroverrettet OW og trafikksignaler blir også tilført spredekretsene 523,524 til frembringelse av foroverrettede trafikkmeldingssignaler 1,2,... N. Effektnivået for det foroverrettede APC signal, den foroverrettede OW og trafikkmeldingssignalene blir justert med de respektive forsterkere 525, 526 og 527 for å frembringe effektnivå-justert foroverrettet APC, OW og TRCH kanalsignaler. Disse signalene blir satt sammen med addereren 528 og påtrykket VAG2 514 som frembringer det foroverrettede link RF kanalsignal.
Det foroverrettede link RF kanalsignal som innbefatter det spredte foroverrettede APC signal, blir mottatt av RF antennen hos SU og demodulert for å frembringe det foroverrettede CDMA signal FMCH. Dette signal tilføres forsterkeren (VGA3) 540 som har variabel forsterkning. Utgangssignalet fra VGA3 påtrykkes den automatiske forsterkningsstyrekrets (AGC) 541 som frembringer et styresignal om variabel forsterkning til VGA3 540. Dette signalet opprettholder nivået på utgangssignalet fra VGA3 på en nærmest konstant verdi. Utgangssignalet fra VGA3 540 blir avspredt med den avspredende demultiplekser 542 som frembringer et avspredt brukermeldingssignal SUMS og en reversert APC bit. Den reverserte APC bit påtrykkes integratoren 543 som frembringer det reverserte APC styresignal. Dette reverserte APC styresignal tilføres den reverserte APC VGA4 544 for å holde det reverserte link RF kanalsignalet på et minst mulig effektnivå.
Det avspredte brukermeldingssignal SUMS blir også påtrykket effektmålekretsen 545, noe som skaper et effektmålesignal som legges til komplementet av terskelverdi S2 i addereren 546 for å frembringe feilsignalet ES3. Signalet ES3 er et feilsignal som er knyttet til RCS sendereffektnivå for denne spesielle SU. For å komme frem til terskelen S2, blir den avspredte støyeffekt-avlesning fra AUX avsprederen multiplisert med 1 pluss det ønskede signal/støyforhold SNRr. AUX avsprederen avsprer inngangsdataene ved bruk av en ukorrelert spredekode og dermed er dens utgang en angivelse av den avspredte støyeffekt.
På tilsvarende måte blir styresignalet for VGA3 påtrykket taktskaleirngskretsen for å redusere takten for styresignalet for VGA3 for derved å frembringe et skalert mottatt effektnivå RP1 (se fig. 5). Terskelberegningskretsen beregner den mottatte signalterskel RST fra det SU målte effektsignal SUUSR. Komplementet med det skalerte mottatte effektnivå RPl og den mottatte signalterskel RST påtrykkes addereren som frembringer feilsignalet ES4. Denne feil er knyttet til RCS sendereffekt til alle andre SU. Inngangsfeilsignalene ES3 og ES4 blir kombinert i kombinereren og ført som inngang til delta modulatoren DM2,547, og utgangssignalet fra DM2 547 er det foroverrettede APC bitstrøm signal med biter som har verdien +1 eller -1. I dette utførelseseksempel på foreliggende oppfinnelse blir dette signal overført som et 64 kb/sek. signal.
Det foroverrettede APC bitstrøm signal blir påtrykket spredekretsen 2948 for som utgang å frembringe det reverserte spredt-spektrum APC signal. De reverserte OW og trafikksignaler blir også ført som inngang til spredekretsene 549,550, noe som frembringer de reverserte OW og trafikkmeldingssignaler 1,2,.. N, og den reverserte pilot frembringes av den reverserte pilotgeneratoren 551. Effektnivået for det reverserte APC meldingssignal, det reverserte OW meldingssignal, den reverserte pilot og de reverserte trafikkmeldingssignaler blir justert med forsterkere 552, 553, 554, 555 for å frembringe de signaler som blir kombinert av addereren 556 og ført som inngang til den reverserte APC VGA4 544. Det er denne VGA4 544 som frembringer det reverserte link RF kanalsignal.
Under oppkallingsforbindelsen og prosessen med opprettelse av bærerkanalen blir effektstyringen med lukket sløyfe i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse modifisert og den er vist på fig. 6. Som vist er kretsene som benyttes til å justere den overførte effekt forskjellig for den RCS som er vist som den første effektstyremodul 601 for RCS og for abonnentenheten, vist som den første effektstyremodul 602 for denne enhet. Med utgangspunkt i den første effektstyremodul 601 for RCS blir det reverserte link RF kanalsignal mottatt ved RF antennen og demodulert, noe som frembringer det reverserte CDMA signal IRMCH som blir mottatt av den første forsterker (VGA1) 603 som er variabel forsterkning. Utgangssignalet fra VGA1 blir påvist av styrekretsen (AGC1) 604 for automatisk forsterkning og denne frembringer et variabelt forsterket styresignal til VGA1 603 for å opprettholde nivået på utgangssignalet fra VGA1 på en nærmest konstant verdi. Utgangssignalet fra VGA1 blir avspredt av den avspredende demultiplekseren 605 som frembringer et avspredt brukermeldingssignal IMS. Det foroverrettede APC styresignal, ISET, blir stilt på en fast verdi og påtrykket den foroverrettede link-forsterker (VGA2) 606 som har regulerbar forsterkning for å stille det foroverrettede link RF kanalsignal på et på forhånd bestemt nivå.
Signaleffekten for det avspredte brukermeldingssignal IMS og den første RCS effektmodul 601 blir målt i effektmålekretsen 607 og utgangseffektmålingen blir subtrahert fra en terskelverdi S3 i subtrahereren 608 for å frembringe feilsignalet ES5 som er et feilsignal knyttet til sendereffektnivået for en bestemt SU. Terskelen S3 blir beregnet ved multiplisering av den avspredte effektmåler som fås fra AUX avsprederen med 1 pluss det ønskede signal/støyforhold SNRR. AUX avsprederen avspreder signaler ved bruk av en ukorrelert spredekode og dermed blir dens utgangssignal en angivelse av avspredt støyeffekt. På tilsvarende måte blir VGA1 styresignalet påtrykt taktskaleirngskretsen 609 for å redusere takten på VGA1 styresignalet for derved å frembringe et skalert nivåsignal SP2 for systemets effekt. Den terskelberegnende logikk 610 bestemmer utgangssystemets signalterskelverdi (ISST) beregnet fra brukerkanalens effektdatasignal (IRCSUSR). Komplementet av det skalerte systemeffektnivåsignal SP2 og ISST tilføres summereren 611 som frembringer et andre feilsignal ES6 som er et feilsignal knyttet til systemets sendereffektnivå for alle aktive abonnentenheter (SU). Verdien for ISST er den ønskede sendeeffekt for et system med en særlig konfigurasjon. Inngangsfeilsignalene ES5 og ES6 blir kombinert i kombinereren 612 for å frembringe en kombinert feilsignalinngang til deltamodulatoren (DM3) 613. DM3 frembringer startsignalet i den reverserte APC bitstrøm som har biter med verdien +1 eller -1 og som for foreliggende oppfinnelse blir overført som et 64 kb/sek. signal.
Det reverserte APC bitstrøm signal blir påtrykket spredekretsen 614 for å frembringe det opprinnelige foroverrettede spredt-spektrum signal for foroverrettet APC. Informasjonen fra styrekanalen (CTCH) blir spredt av sprederen 611 for å danne det spredte CTCH meldingssignal. De spredte APC og CTCH signaler blir skalert med forsterkerne 615 og 617 og kombinert med kombinereren 618. Det kombinerte signal blir påtrykket VAG2 606 som frembringer det foroverrettede link RF kanalsignal.
Det foroverrettede link RF kanalsignal som innbefatter det spredte foroverrettede APC signal blir mottatt av RF antennen for SU og demodulert for å frembringe det opprinnelige foroverrettede CDMA signal (IFMCH) som blir påtrykket forsterkeren (VGA3) 620 som har variabel forsterkning. Utgangssignalet fra VGA3 blir påvist av styrekretsen (AGC2) 621 som har automatisk forsterkning og som frembringer et styresignal som gir variabel forsterkning for VGA3 620. Dette signal opprettholder utgangseffektnivået for VGA3 620 på en nærmest konstant verdi. Utgangssignalet fra VGA3 blir avspredt av den avspredede demultiplekser 622 som frembringer en reversert APC utgangsbit som er avhengig av utgangsnivået for VGA3. Den reverserte APC bit blir behandlet med integratoren 623 for å frembringe det reverserte APC styresignal. Det reverserte APC styresignal tilføres den reverserte APC VGA4 624 for å opprettholde det reverserte link RF kanalsignal på et angitt effektnivå.
Det globale AXCH signal blir spredt av spredekretsene 625 for å frembringe det spredte AXCH kanalsignal. Den reverserte pilotgenerator 626 frembringer et reversert pilotsignal og signaleffekten for AXCH og det reverserte pilotsignal blir justert med de respektive forsterkere 627 og 628. Det spredte AXCH kanalsignal og det reverserte pilotsignal blir summert i addereren 629 for å frembringe det reverserte link CDMA signal. Det reverserte link CDMA signal blir mottatt av den reverserte APC VGA4 624 som frembringer den reverserte link RF kanalsignal utgang til RF senderen.
Styrealgoritmen for systemkapasitet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse optimaliserer den maksimale brukerkapasitet for et RCS område som kalles en celle. Når SU kommer innenfor en viss verdi for maksimum sendereffekt, sender SU en alarmmelding til RCS. RCS stiller trafikklysene som kontrollerer aksess til systemet på "rød" som, som tidligere beskrevet, er et flagg som sperrer aksess for abonnentenhetene. Denne tilstand holdes virksom inntil den alarmerende SU avslutter oppkallingen eller inntil sendereffekten for den alarmerende SU målt ved SU er en verdi som er mindre enn maksimum sendereffekt. Når flere abonnentenheter (SU) sender alarmmeldinger, opprettholdes virkningen av tilstanden inntil enten alle oppkallinger fira alarmerende SU avsluttes eller inntil sendereffekten for den alarmerende SU, målt ved SU, har en verdi som er mindre enn maksimum sendereffekt. En alternativ utførelse måler bitfeil-taktmålingene fra den foroverrettede feilkorreksjonsdekoder (FEC) og holder RCS trafikklysene på "rød" inntil bitfeil takten er mindre enn en på forhånd bestemt verdi.
Blokkeringsstrategien ved foreliggende oppfinnelse innbefatter en fremgangsmåte som gjør bruk av informasjon om senderstyring sendt fra RCS til en SU og de mottatte effektmålinger ved RCS. RCS måler sitt sendereffektnivå, påviser at en maksimumverdi er nådd og bestemmer når nye brukere skal blokkeres. En SU som begynner å komme inn i systemet blokkerer seg selv hvis SU når maksimum sendereffekt før vellykket utførelse av tildeling av en bærerkanal.
Hver ytterligere bruker i systemet fører til økning av støynivået for alle andre brukere og dette reduserer signal/støyforholdet (SNR) som hver bruker blir utsatt for. Effektstyre-algoritmen opprettholder en ønsket SNR for hver bruker. Ved fråvær av alle andre begrensninger vil derfor innføring av en ny bruker i systemet bare ha en transient virkning og den ønskede SNR blir gjenopprettet.
Sendereffektmålingen ved RCS gjøres ved måling av enten gjennomsnittlig kvadratrot (rms) verdi for det basisbånd kombinerte signal eller ved måling av sendereffekten for RF signalet med tilbakeføring av dette til de digitale styrekretser. Sendereffektmålingen kan også gjøres av abonnentenhetene (SU) for å bestemme om enheten har nådd sin maksimale sendereffekt. SU sendereffektnivå blir bestemt ved måling av styresignalet for RF forsterkeren og skalering av verdien basert på tjenestetype som f.eks. god gammel telefontjeneste (POTS), FAX eller digitale nett for integrerte tjenester (ISDN).
Informasjonen om at en SU har nådd maksimum effekt blir overført til RCS av SU i en melding over tildelte kanaler. RCS bestemmer også tilstanden ved måling av reverserte APC endringer fordi, hvis RCS sender APC meldinger til SU om å øke SU sendereffekten og SU sendereffekten målt ved RCS ikke økes, har SU nådd maksimum sendeeffekt.
RCS benytter ikke trafikklys til å blokkere nye brukere som har avsluttet oppadrettet rampestyring ved bruk av korte koder. Disse brukere blir blokkert ved at de nektes summetone og lar dem ebbe ut. RCS sender alle 1 'ere (gå ned kommando) på APC kanalen for å få SU til å senke sin sendereffekt. RCS sender også enten ingen CTCH melding eller en melding med en ugyldig adresse, noe som ville tvinge FSU til å gi avkall på aksessprosedyren og starte på nytt. SU starter ikke opphentningsprosessen umiddelbart fordi trafikklysene er røde.
Når RCS når sin sendereffektgrense, vil den innføre blokkering på samme måte som når en SU når grensen for sin sendereffekt. RCS slår av alle trafikklysene på FBCH, starter sending av alle 1 APC biter (gå ned kommando) til de brukere som har fullført deres korte opprampingskode, men som ennå ikke har fått summetone og enten sender ingen CTCH melding til disse brukere eller sender meldinger med ugyldig adresse for å tvinge dem til å gi avkall på aksessprosessen.
Den selvblokkerende algoritme for SU er som følger. Når abonnentenheten (SU) starter overføring av AXCH, begynner APC sin effektstyreoperasjon ved bruk av AXCH og sendereffekten for SU øker. Mens sendereffekten økes under styring fra APC, blir den overvåket av SU styreren. Hvis grensen for sendereffekten blir nådd, vil SU gi avkall på aksessprosedyren og starter det hele på nytt.
Selv om oppfinnelsen er beskrevet på grunnlag av et utførelseseksempel, vil fagfolk på dette området forstå at oppfinnelsen kan utøves med modifikasjoner av utførelser som ligger innenfor omfanget av oppfinnelsen slik det er angitt i det følgende krav.
Claims (2)
1.
Spredt spektrum kommunikasjonssystem for å bibeholde et initialt sendereffektnivå for en andre kommunikasjonsstasjon (502) under perioder av ingen aktivitet, der en første stasjon (501) har midler (510, 512) for å ta i mot signaler og å avsprede de mottatte signalene ved å bruke en valgt bitkode assosiert med et spesifikt spredt spektrumsignal fra den andre stasjonen (502) for å produsere et avspredt spesifikt signal og middel (515) for å måle et effektnivå av det avspredte spesifikke signalet, der systemet erkarakterisert ved
den første stasjonen (501) innbefatter: midler (581, 582) for å måle et støyeffektnivå i kommunikasjonskanalen, midler (511, 517,518) for å estimere et systemsendereffektnivå, midler (583, 516,519, 520) for å sammenligne det målte spesifikke avspredte signalets effektnivå, det målte støyeffektnivået og det estimerte systemsendereffektnivået, og midler (521, 522, 525,528, 514) for å generere et automatisk effektkontrollsignal (APC) basert på sammenligningen og sendingen av APC signalet til den andre stasjonen (502), og den andre stasjonen (502) innbefatter:
midler (550,555, 556, 544) for av og til å sende det spesifikke spredte spektrumsignalet til den første stasjonen (501) mens den andre stasjonen er uten aktivitet, og midler (540,542, 543, 544) for å ta imot APC signalet og for å justere den andre stasjonens initielle sendereffektnivå som svar på det mottatte APC signalet.
2.
Fremgangsmåte for å bibeholde et initialt sendereffektnivå for en andre kommunikasjonsstasjon (502) under perioder med ingen aktivitet, der en første kommunikasjonsstasjon (501) mottar signaler og avspreder de mottatte signalene ved å bruke en valgt bitkode assosiert med et spesifikt spredt spektrumsignal fra den andre stasjonen (502) for å produsere et avspredt spesifikt signal, der den første stasjonen (501) måler et effektnivå for det avspredte spesifikke signalet, der fremgangsmåten erkarakterisert ved: av og til å sende fra den andre stasjonen (501) det spesifikke spredte spektrumsignalet til den første stasjonen (501) mens den andre stasjonen er uten aktivitet, i den første stasjonen (501), å måle et støyeffektnivå i kommunikasjonskanalen, å estimere et systemsendereffektnivå, å sammenligne det målte spesifikke avspredte signalets effektnivå, det målte støyeffektnivået og det estimerte systemsendereffektnivået, å generere et automatisk effektkontrollsignal (APC) basert på sammenligningen og sendingen av APC signalet til den andre stasjonen, og i den andre stasjonen, å ta imot APC signalet og å justere den andre stasjonens initiale sendereffektnivå som svar på det mottatte APC signalet.
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US77595P | 1995-06-30 | 1995-06-30 | |
PCT/US1996/011060 WO1997002665A2 (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Automatic power control system for a code division multiple access (cdma) communications system |
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NO20041820L NO20041820L (no) | 1998-02-18 |
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- 1996-06-27 ES ES01113684T patent/ES2225353T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1996-06-27 PT PT101823508T patent/PT2273689E/pt unknown
- 1996-06-27 DK DK01113684T patent/DK1158702T3/da active
- 1996-06-27 CN CN2005101181058A patent/CN1790932B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 EP EP10182412A patent/EP2285169A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-27 EP EP05022142A patent/EP1615350A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-27 EP EP02005245A patent/EP1237293B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 EP EP99122097A patent/EP0986187B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 ES ES99126232T patent/ES2147547T1/es active Pending
- 1996-06-27 CN CNA2006101007747A patent/CN1905390A/zh active Pending
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- 1996-06-28 ID IDP20000786A patent/ID25597A/id unknown
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- 1996-06-28 ID IDP20000783A patent/ID26191A/id unknown
- 1996-07-01 AP APAP/P/1998/001214A patent/AP682A/en active
- 1996-07-01 AP APAP/P/1996/000832A patent/AP681A/en active
- 1996-12-23 TW TW085115906A patent/TW318983B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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1997
- 1997-01-12 SA SA06270486A patent/SA06270486B1/ar unknown
- 1997-03-13 ID IDP20000777D patent/ID26100A/id unknown
- 1997-10-23 US US08/956,980 patent/US6212174B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-23 US US08/956,740 patent/US6215778B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-18 FI FI974553A patent/FI115810B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1997-12-29 NO NO19976095A patent/NO318270B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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1998
- 1998-02-17 US US09/024,473 patent/US5991332A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-04 US US09/034,855 patent/US6272168B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-03-02 HK HK99100840A patent/HK1015983A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-03 US US09/261,689 patent/US6381264B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-22 US US09/444,079 patent/US6229843B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2000
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- 2000-09-09 HK HK00105698A patent/HK1026532A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-13 ID IDP20000782D patent/ID26158A/id unknown
- 2000-12-22 US US09/742,019 patent/US6707805B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
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2002
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- 2002-09-24 HK HK02106958.5A patent/HK1045614B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2003
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2004
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- 2004-07-01 FI FI20040917A patent/FI118315B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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2005
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2006
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2007
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2008
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2009
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- 2009-09-11 US US12/557,787 patent/US20100002752A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2010
- 2010-02-05 FI FI20105117A patent/FI122549B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-08 US US12/832,778 patent/US20100272155A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2011
- 2011-01-07 JP JP2011002332A patent/JP5751471B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2012
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2013
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2014
- 2014-01-29 JP JP2014014597A patent/JP5801428B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2014-05-27 US US14/287,618 patent/US20140348135A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2015
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