JPWO2007063754A1 - 有機電界発光素子用化合物及び有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子用化合物及び有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
この有機電界発光素子は、基板上に積層された陽極と陰極の間に、発光層を有する有機電界発光素子であって、該発光層が、燐光発光性ドーパントとインドロカルバゾール骨格を2以上有する有機電界発光素子用化合物をホスト材料として含有する。これに使用されるインドロカルバゾール化合物としては、下記式で表されるような化合物が例示される。
Description
ここで、
Zは縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基からなる連結基を示し、
nは2以上の整数を示し、
Yは下記式(1a)で表わされる基を示す、
ここで、
環Aは隣接環と縮合する式(1b)で表わされる芳香族環又は複素環を示し、
環Bは隣接環と縮合する式(1c)で表わされる複素環を示し、
Xは炭素又は窒素を示し、
R43は、水素、縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基、又はXを含む環と縮合する環を示し、
R44は縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R41、R42は、水素、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、シアノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ジアリールアミノ基、ジアラルキルアミノ基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシル基、アルキルスルホニル基、ハロアルキル基、水酸基、アミド基、置換又は未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示す。
ここで、
環A、環A’は隣接環と縮合する式(2a)で表される芳香環を示し、
環B、環B’は隣接環と縮合する式(2b)で表される複素環を示す。
ここで、
環C、環C’は隣接環と縮合する式(3a)で表される芳香環を示し、
環D、環D’は隣接環と縮合する式(3b)表される複素環を示し、
環E、環E’は隣接環と縮合する式(3c)で表される複素環を示す。
Xは炭素又は窒素を示し、
R5、R13、R17、R20、R45は独立に、水素、縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R6、R14〜R15、R22〜R23、R30〜R32、R44、R46は独立に、縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
Ar1〜Ar4は独立に、縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基からなる2価の連結基を示し、
R1〜R4、R7〜R12、R16、R18〜R19、R21、R24〜R29、R41〜R42、R47〜R48は独立に、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、シアノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ジアリールアミノ基、ジアラルキルアミノ基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシル基、アルキルスルホニル基、ハロアルキル基、水酸基、アミド基、置換又は未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示す。
式(1b)中のXを含む6員環に縮合する環である場合、この環は縮合環であってもよい。縮合環である場合の例としては、一般式(3)及び(5)中の縮合環を有する環E、E’及び環F、F’がある。すなわち、R9、R12、R25又はR28を有してもよいインドール環が好ましい。この場合、インドール環中の含窒素環がXを含む6員環に縮合する。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 正孔輸送層
5 発光層
6 電子輸送層
7 陰極
(化合物9の合成)
脱気窒素置換した200ml三口フラスコに1,2-シクロヘキサンジオン5.0g(44.59mmol)、フェニルヒドラジン塩酸塩12.9g(89.21mmol)を加え、これにエタノール145mlを加えて攪拌させた。その後、同フラスコ内に濃硫酸0.45g(4.59mmol)を5分間かけ滴下した。その後65℃まで加熱し、4時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、生じた紫茶色結晶を濾取した後、濾取した結晶をエタノール50mlで二回、リスラリー洗浄をおこなった。これを、減圧乾燥して紫茶色粉末12.0g(43.59mmol、収率97.7%)を得た。
次に、300ml三口フラスコに上記紫茶色粉末12.0g(43.59mmol)を加え、これに酢酸140g、トリフルオロ酢酸8.0gを加えて攪拌させた。その後100℃まで加熱し、15時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、生じた黄色結晶を濾取した後、濾取した結晶を酢酸200mlでリンス洗浄をおこなった後、ヘキサン200mlでリンス洗浄をおこなった。これを、減圧乾燥して白色粉末5.0g(19.51mmol、収率44.4%)を得た。
化合物9のEI−MS(M+1)は814、融点は398℃であった。
(化合物40の合成)
脱気窒素置換した2000ml三口フラスコに1,2-シクロヘキサンジオン33.3g(297.0mmol)、フェニルヒドラジン塩酸塩86.0g(594.7mmol)を加え、これにエタノール1000mlを加えて攪拌させた。その後、同フラスコ内に濃硫酸3.0g(30.6mmol)を5分間かけ滴下した。その後65℃まで加熱し、4時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、生じた紫茶色結晶を濾取した後、濾取した結晶をエタノール500mlで二回、リスラリー洗浄をおこなった。これを、減圧乾燥して紫茶色粉末80.0g(280.5mmol、収率96.3%)を得た。
次に、1000ml三口フラスコに上記紫茶色粉末72.0g(261.5mmol)を加え、これに酢酸720g、トリフルオロ酢酸72.0gを加えて攪拌させた。その後100℃まで加熱し、15時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、生じた黄色結晶を濾取した後、濾取した結晶を酢酸200mlでリンス洗浄をおこなった後、ヘキサン200mlでリンス洗浄をおこなった。これを、減圧乾燥して白色粉末30.0g(117.1mmol、収率44.8%)を得た。
次に、脱気窒素置換した500ml三口フラスコに55%水素化ナトリウム2.16g(49.5mmol)、脱水N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド70mlを加え、窒素気流中下で攪拌を行う。上記で得た白色粉末13.7g(41.2mmol)に脱水N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド70mlを加え、溶解させ、その後、同フラスコ内に15分間かけ滴下した。滴下終了後、1時間攪拌を継続した。その後、塩化シアヌル3.76g(20.4mmol)に脱水N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド70mlを加え、溶解させ、その後、同フラスコ内に15分間かけ滴下した。滴下終了後、2時間攪拌を継続した後、水350gを加え、析出した結晶を濾取した。濾取した結晶を水300gで二回リスラリーを行い、その後、メタノール300gにてリスラリーを行った。これを減圧乾燥した後、カラムクロマトグラフィーで精製して白色粉末10.9g(14.0mmol、収率70.0%)を得た。
化合物40のEI−MS(M+1)は818、融点は未検出であった。
(化合物27の合成)
脱気窒素置換した2000ml三口フラスコに1,2-シクロヘキサンジオン33.3g(297.0mmol)、フェニルヒドラジン塩酸塩86.0g(594.7mmol)を加え、これにエタノール1000mlを加えて攪拌させた。その後、同フラスコ内に濃硫酸3.0g(30.6mmol)を5分間かけ滴下した。その後65℃まで加熱し、4時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、生じた紫茶色結晶を濾取した後、濾取した結晶をエタノール500mlで二回、リスラリー洗浄をおこなった。これを、減圧乾燥して紫茶色粉末80.0g(280.5mmol、収率96.3%)を得た。
次に、1000ml三口フラスコに上記紫茶色粉末72.0g(261.5mmol)を加え、これに酢酸720g、トリフルオロ酢酸72.0gを加えて攪拌させた。その後100℃まで加熱し、15時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、生じた黄色結晶を濾取した後、濾取した結晶を酢酸200mlでリンス洗浄をおこなった後、ヘキサン200mlでリンス洗浄をおこなった。これを、減圧乾燥して白色粉末30.0g(117.1mmol、収率44.8%)を得た。
次に、脱気窒素置換した2000ml三口フラスコに上記で得た白色粉末13.7g(41.2mmol)、6,6’-ジブロモ-2,2’-ビピリジル6.4g(20.4mmol)、よう化銅1.14g(5.98mmol)、リン酸三カリウム25.22g(118.8mmol)これに1,4-ジオキサン200mlを加えて攪拌させた。攪拌を継続しながらtranc-1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン10mlを加えた。その後115℃まで加熱し、15時間攪拌した。一旦、室温まで冷却した後、不溶物を濾取した。濾液を減圧留去した後、メタノールを加え、析出した白色固体を濾取した。その後、カラムクロマトグラフィーで精製して白色固体5.0g(6.14mmol、収率30.0%)を得た。
化合物27のEI−MS(M+1)は816、融点は362℃であった。
ガラス基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4Paの条件にて化合物9を蒸着源から蒸着し、薄膜を1.0Å/秒にて50nmの厚さで形成した。作成した薄膜を、蛍光測定装置にて評価した。
次にガラス基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4 Pa の条件にて化合物9とIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が7.0 %であるような薄膜を1.0Å/秒にて50nmの厚さで形成した。
作成した薄膜を、蛍光測定装置にて評価した。励起波長は化合物9の極大吸収波長を使用し、そのときに出てくる光を観察し、化合物9単独の薄膜の場合に出てくる光と比較した。結果を表1に示す。
ガラス基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4Paの条件にて化合物40を蒸着源から蒸着し、薄膜を1.0Å/秒にて50nmの厚さで形成した。作成した薄膜を、蛍光測定装置にて評価した。
次にガラス基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4 Pa の条件にて化合物40とIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が7.0 %であるような薄膜を1.0Å/秒にて50nmの厚さで形成した。
作成した薄膜を、蛍光測定装置にて評価した。励起波長は化合物40の極大吸収波長を使用し、そのときに出てくる光を観察し、化合物40単独の薄膜の場合に出てくる光と比較した。結果を表1に示す。
ガラス基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4Paの条件にて化合物27を蒸着源から蒸着し、薄膜を1.0Å/秒にて50nmの厚さで形成した。作成した薄膜を、蛍光測定装置にて評価した。
次にガラス基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4 Pa の条件にて化合物27とIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が7.0 %であるような薄膜を1.0Å/秒にて50nmの厚さで形成した。
作成した薄膜を、蛍光測定装置にて評価した。励起波長は化合物27の極大吸収波長を使用し、そのときに出てくる光を観察し、化合物27単独の薄膜の場合に出てくる光と比較した。結果を表1に示す。
薄膜主成分をAlq3に変えて薄膜を作成した以外は、実施例4と同様に行った。結果を表1に示す。表1から発光層の主たる材料に化合物9、40及び27を用いた場合、Ir(ppy)3にエネルギーが遷移し、Ir(ppy)3からの発光が観察されるが、Alq3を用いた場合は、Ir(ppy)3にエネルギーが遷移せず、Alq3自身が蛍光を発することがわかる。
図1において、正孔注入層を省略し、電子注入層を追加した構成の有機EL素子を作成した。膜厚150nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔輸送層としてNPBを60nmの厚さに形成した。
次に、正孔輸送層上に、発光層として化合物9とIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、25nmの厚さに形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度は7.0 %であった。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3を50nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.5nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を170nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作成した。
図1において、正孔注入層を省略し、電子注入層を追加した構成の有機EL素子を作成した。膜厚150nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔輸送層としてNPBを60nmの厚さに形成した。
次に、正孔輸送層上に、発光層として化合物40とIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、25nmの厚さに形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度は7.0 %であった。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3を50nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.5nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を170nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作成した。
図1において、正孔注入層を省略し、電子注入層を追加した構成の有機EL素子を作成した。膜厚150nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔輸送層としてNPBを60nmの厚さに形成した。
次に、正孔輸送層上に、発光層として化合物27とIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、25nmの厚さに形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度は7.0 %であった。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3を50nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.5nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を170nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作成した。
正孔輸送層としてHMTPDを、発光層の主成分としてTAZを用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層の主成分として、TAZを用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
(化合物103の合成)
脱気窒素置換した200ml三口フラスコに1,2-シクロヘキサンジオン33.3g(0.297mol)、フェニルヒドラジン塩酸塩86.0g(0.595mol)を加え、これにエタノール1000mlを加えて攪拌させた。その後、同フラスコ内に濃硫酸3.0g(0.03mol)を5分間かけ滴下した。その後65℃まで加熱し、4時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、生じた紫茶色結晶を濾取した後、濾取した結晶をエタノール500mlで二回、リスラリー洗浄をおこなった。これを、減圧乾燥して紫茶色粉末80.0g(0.286mol、収率96.3%)を得た。
次に、上記紫茶色粉末72.0g(0.258mol)に、これに酢酸720g、トリフルオロ酢酸72.0gを加えて攪拌させた。その後100℃まで加熱し、15時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、生じた黄色結晶を濾取した後、濾取した結晶を酢酸200mlでリンス洗浄をおこなった後、ヘキサン200mlでリンス洗浄をおこなった。これを、減圧乾燥して白色粉末30.0g(0.117mol、収率45.3%)を得た。
次に、脱気窒素置換した500ml三口フラスコに55%水素化ナトリウム2.16g(49.5mmol)、脱水N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド70mlを加え、窒素気流中下で攪拌を行う。上記で得た白色粉末13.7g(40mmol)に脱水N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド70mlを加え、溶解させ、その後、同フラスコ内に15分間かけ滴下した。滴下終了後、1時間攪拌を継続した。その後、塩化シアヌル2.46g(13mmol)に脱水N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド70mlを加え、溶解させ、その後、同フラスコ内に15分間かけ滴下した。滴下終了後、内温80℃で24時間攪拌を継続した後、室温まで冷却した。冷却した後、同フラスコ内に水350gを加え、析出した結晶を濾取した。濾取した結晶を水300gで二回リスラリーを行い、その後、メタノール300gにてリスラリーを行った。これを減圧乾燥した後、カラムクロマトグラフィーで精製して淡黄色粉末2.1g(2.0mmol、収率15.5%)を得た。
化合物103のEI−MS(M+1)は1072、融点は492℃であった。
ガラス基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4 Pa の条件にて化合物103を蒸着源から蒸着し、薄膜を1.0Å/秒にて50nmの厚さで形成した。作成した薄膜を、蛍光測定装置にて評価した。次にガラス基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4Pa の条件にて化合物3とIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が7.0 %であるような薄膜を1.0Å/秒にて50nmの厚さで形成した。
作成した薄膜を、蛍光測定装置にて評価した。励起波長は化合物103の極大吸収波長を使用し、そのときに出てくる光を観察し、化合物103単独の薄膜の場合に出てくる光と比較した。結果を表3に示す。
薄膜主成分をAlq3に変えて薄膜を作成した以外は、実施例11と同様に行った。結果を表3に示す。
図1において、正孔注入層を省略し、電子注入層を追加した構成の有機EL素子を作成した。膜厚150nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-4 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔輸送層としてNPBを60nmの厚さに形成した。
次に、正孔輸送層上に、発光層として化合物103とIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、25nmの厚さに形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度は7.0 %であった。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3を50nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.5nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を170nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作成した。
正孔輸送層としてHMTPDを、発光層の主成分としてTAZを用いた以外は実施例12と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
発光層の主成分として、TAZを用いた以外は実施例12と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
Claims (9)
- 下記一般式(1)で表わされる有機電界発光素子用化合物。
(式中、Zは縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基からなる連結基を示し、Yは下記一般式(1a)で表わされる基を示し、nは2以上の整数を示す。)
(式中、環A隣接環と縮合する式(1b)で表わされる芳香族環又は複素環を示し、環Bは隣接環と縮合する式(1c)で表わされる複素環を示し、Xは炭素又は窒素を示し、R43は水素、縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基、又はXを含む環と縮合する環を示し、R44は縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、R41、R42は、水素、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、シアノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ジアリールアミノ基、ジアラルキルアミノ基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシル基、アルキルスルホニル基、ハロアルキル基、水酸基、アミド基、置換又は未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示す。) - 下記一般式(2)又は(3)で表される請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
(式中、環A、環A’は隣接環と縮合する式(2a)で表される芳香環又は複素環を示し、環B、環B’は隣接環と縮合する式(2b)で表される複素環を示し、Ar1は縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基からなる2価の連結基を示し、Xは炭素又は窒素を示し、R5は水素、縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、R6は縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、R1〜R4は独立に、水素、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、シアノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ジアリールアミノ基、ジアラルキルアミノ基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシル基、アルキルスルホニル基、ハロアルキル基、水酸基、アミド基、置換又は未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示す。)
(式中、環C、環C’は隣接環と縮合する式(3a)で表される芳香環又は複素環を示し、環D、環D’は隣接環と縮合する式(3b)表される複素環を示し、環E、環E’は隣接環と縮合する式(3c)で表される複素環を示し、Ar2は縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基からなる2価の連結基を示し、Xは炭素又は窒素を示し、R13はR5と同じ意味を有し、R14〜R15は独立に、R6と同じ意味を有し、R7〜R12は独立に、R1と同じ意味を有する。) - 下記一般式(4)又は(5)で示される請求項1記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
(式中、Ar3は縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基からなる2価の連結基を示し、R17、R20は水素、縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、R22、R23は縮環構造でない置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、R16、R18、R19、R21は、水素、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、シアノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、ジアリールアミノ基、ジアラルキルアミノ基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシル基、アルキルスルホニル基、ハロアルキル基、水酸基、アミド基、置換若しくは未置換の芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基を示す。)
(式中、環F、環F’は隣接環と縮合する式(5a)で表される複素環を示し、Ar4はAr3と同じ意味を有し、R30〜R32は独立に、R22と同じ意味を有し、R24〜R29は独立に、R16と同じ意味を有する。) - 一般式(2)〜(5)及び式(2a)〜(2c)、(3a)〜(3c)、(5a)中、環A、A’、C、C’がベンゼン環であり、R6、R14〜R15、R22〜R23、R30〜R32が置換若しくは未置換のフェニル基又はピリジル基であり、且つ、R1〜R4、R7〜R12、R16〜R21、R24〜R29が水素又はフェニル基である請求項3又は4に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 一般式(1)において、nが3又は4である請求項1又は2に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 基板上に積層された陽極と陰極の間に、発光層を有する有機電界発光素子であって、該発光層が、燐光発光性ドーパントと請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物をホスト材料として含有することを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
- 陽極と発光層の間に正孔注入輸送層及び陰極と発光層の間に電子注入輸送層を有してなる請求項7記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 発光層と電子注入輸送層の間に正孔阻止層を有してなる請求項8記載の有機電界発光素子。
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KR101082258B1 (ko) | 2011-11-09 |
JP4593631B2 (ja) | 2010-12-08 |
EP1956022B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
CN101321755A (zh) | 2008-12-10 |
CN102633820A (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
EP1956022A4 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
TWI378099B (ja) | 2012-12-01 |
WO2007063754A1 (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
EP1956022A1 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
US7993760B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
CN102633820B (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
TW200734340A (en) | 2007-09-16 |
US20090302742A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
CN101321755B (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
KR20080085001A (ko) | 2008-09-22 |
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