DK175329B1 - Pulver med kontrolleret frigivelseshastighed, fremgangsmåde til fremstilling og anvendelse af dette - Google Patents
Pulver med kontrolleret frigivelseshastighed, fremgangsmåde til fremstilling og anvendelse af dette Download PDFInfo
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- DK175329B1 DK175329B1 DK198504955A DK495585A DK175329B1 DK 175329 B1 DK175329 B1 DK 175329B1 DK 198504955 A DK198504955 A DK 198504955A DK 495585 A DK495585 A DK 495585A DK 175329 B1 DK175329 B1 DK 175329B1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
- A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
- A23G4/20—Composite products, e.g. centre-filled, multi-layer, laminated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1635—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1682—Processes
- A61K9/1694—Processes resulting in granules or microspheres of the matrix type containing more than 5% of excipient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
- A61K9/5107—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/513—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers
- A61K9/5138—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
- A61K9/5107—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/513—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers
- A61K9/5161—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, chitosan, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/08—Bronchodilators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2989—Microcapsule with solid core [includes liposome]
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Physiology (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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Description
DK 175329 B1
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et præparat med kontrolleret fngivelseshastighed, især et pulverformigt , farmaceutisk eller spiseligt præparat med forlænget fn- givelsestid 5
Der kendes mange præparater i pilleform eller i form at kapsler til oral indgift med kontrolleret eller forlænget fngivelsestid Sådanne piller kan beskrives som makro-partikler, idet de altid har en middelpartikelstørrelse 10 over 400 μιη Sådanne piller er f eks genstand for ansøgerens EP-A-0 122 077, EP-A-0 123 470, EP-A-0 156 077 og EP-A-0 149 920
Præparater med forlænget virkningstid kan ikke let udfor-15 mes som væsker Væskeformige præparater med forlænget fngivelsestid er ønskelige i geriatriske og pædiatriske præparater
Man kender forskellige processer til fremstilling af mi-20 krokugler ved inddampning af emulsioner Kendt teknik til mikroindkapslmg er generelt baseret på fase-transformation, såsom omdannelse af væsker til faste stoffer I , stedet kan en sådan teknik benyttes til at beskytte et aktivt materiale, såsom ved overtrækning af aspirin for 25 at maskere dets irriterende egenskaber i mavesækken
Der kendes væsker med forlænget frigivelsestid, indeholdende lonbytterharpikser I sådanne væskeformige præparater er den aktive bestanddel bundet til en lonbytterhar-30 piks i form af et reversibelt kompleks og frigives derfra in vivo. Sadanne væsker med forlænget fngivelsestid er
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 2 I
I f eks beskrevet i fransk patentskrift nr. 2 278 325 BE I
I patentskrift nr. 678. 097 beskriver en formulering, som I
I mindst indeholder et stærkt-smagende stof eller med anden I
I organoleptisk egenskab, som i kombination med andre stof- ' I
I 5 fer overtrækkes med et overtrækningsmiddel bestående af I
mindst én polymer, som er opløselig i det gastromtesti - I
I nåle system. WO 78/00011 beskriver et depotlægemiddel, I
I hvor det aktive stof er inkorporeret i en polymer matrix, I
I som under fysiologiske betingelser bliver hydrolyseret og I
I 10 derved frigiver det aktive stof. I
I Den foreliggende opfindelse har til formål at tilveje- I
bringe et præparat med kontrolleret frigivelseshastighed I
I i form af et pulver af adskilte mikropartikler, der let I
I 15 kan opblandes i flydende form, men også kan indgå i andre I
I dosisformer med forlænget frigivelsestid, såsom tablet- I
I ter, og som har forbedrede egenskaber i forhold til kend- I
te præparater I
I 20 Opfindelsen angår således et smagsmaskeret pulver med I
I kontrolleret frigivelse til anvendelse i spiseligt farma- I
I ceutisk præparat og andre præparater med kontrolleret I
I frigivelses hastighed, der er ejendommeligt ved, at det I
består af adskilte mikropartikler indeholdende en aktiv ' I
I 25 bestanddel og eventuelt et strækmiddel i intim blanding I
M
I med mindst ét ugiftigt polymert stof eller en blanding af I
I ugiftige polymere stoffer, der er uopløselige, permeable, I
I impermeable eller bionedbrydelige med undtagelse af poly- I
I mere stoffer eller blandinger deraf, der er opløselige i I
I 30 den gastrointestinale tragt, hvilke mikropartikler inde- I
I holder en virksom mængde, som resulterer i en afpasset og I
I kontrolleret frigivelse af den aktive bestanddel, og alle I
3 DK 175329 B1 har form af en micromatnx med den aktive bestanddel og det eventuelt tilstedeværende strækmiddel ensartet fordelt i matricen, og partiklerne har en middelstørrelse mellem 0,1 og 125 pm, som sandsynligvis ikke går i o pi øs -5 mng eller formales under tygning og en afpasset frigivelseshastighed af aktiv bestanddel, målt som opløsnings -hastighed ved Paddlemetoden ifølge U. S Pharmacopoeia XX ved 37 °C og 7 5 rpm, hvor opløsningshastigheden i det væsentlige er direkte proportional med kvadratroden af ti-10 den, samt at partiklerne under frigivelse af den aktive bestanddel i det væsentlige forbliver intakte.
Fortrinsvis har partiklerne en middel partikelstørrelse mellem 5 og 100 μιπ.
15 I den foreliggende beskrivelse vil de omhandlede mi kro -partikler, som benyttes ifølge opfindelsen, omtales som "pharmasomer" 20 Det omhandlede pulverformige præparat har en kontrolleret frigivelseshastighed af de aktive bestanddele, således som det skal vises i det efterfølgende.
Den aktive bestanddel er fortrinsvis et lægemiddel, et 25 næringsmiddel, et farvestof, et duftmiddel, et herbicid, et pesticid, et aromastof eller et sødemiddel
Pulveret kan dispergeres eller suspenderes i en væske og vil opretholde en forlænget fngivelsestid i et passende 30 tidsrum Sådanne dispersioner eller suspensioner har både kemisk stabilitet og stabilitet i henseende til opløsningshastighed.
DK 175329 B1 I
Den polymere eller den polymere blanding kan være uoplø- I
selig, permeabel, impermeabel eller bio nedbrydelig med I
undtagelse af polymere eller pol ymerbi åndinger, der er I
5 opløselige i den gastro-intestinale kanal De polymere I
kan eventuelt have form af copol ymere Den polymere kan være et naturligt eller syntetisk polymert stof. Naturil- ge polymere stoffer omfatter polypeptider, polysacchan-
der og alginsyre. Et egnet polypeptid er zein, og et eg- I
10 net polysacchand er cellulose. I
Typiske repræsentanter for syntetiske polymere stoffer er M
alkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose, cellulose-ethere, I
cellulose-estere, nitro-cellulose, polymere af acryl- og I
methacrylsyrer og estere deraf, polyamider, polycarbonater, I
15 I
polyalkylener, polyalkylen-glycoler, polyalkylen-oxider,
polyalkylen-terephthalater, polyvi nylalkoho1 er , polyvinyl- I
ethere, polyvinyl-estere , polyviny1-halogenider, polyvinyl- I
pyrrolidon, polyglycolider, polysiloxaner og polyurethaner I
og copolymere deraf. I
20 I
Særligt egnede polymere er methyl-cellulose, ethyl-cellulo- I
se, hydroxypropyl-cellulose, hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose , I
hydroxybutyl-methyl-cellulose, celluloseacetat, cellulose- I
propionat (lavere, medium eller højere molekylvægt), cellu- I
loseacetatpropionat, celluloseacetat-butyrat, celluloseace- I
25 tat-phthalat, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulosetnacetat, ^ I
cellulose-sulfat-natnumsalt, poly(methylmethacrylat), po- I
ly(ethylmethacrylat), poly(butylmethacrylat), poly(isobuty1- I
methacrylat), poly(hexylmethacrylat), poly(isodecylmetha- I
crylat), poly(1 aurylmethacrylat), poly(phenylmethacrylat), I
poly(methylacrylat), poly(isopropylacrylat), poly(isobutyl- I
30 I
acrylat), po1y(octadecylaerylat), poly(ethylen ) , poly(ethy-
len) LD, poly(ethylen) HD, poly(propylen ), poly(ethylengly- I
col), poly ( ethylenoxid), poly(ethylen-terephthalat), poly- I
(viny]alkohol), poly(vinylisobutylether), poly(vinylacetat) , I
5 DK 175329 B1 poly(vinylchlorid) og poly v my lpy rrol idon .
Særlig velegnede copolymere omfatter butylmethacry1at/iso-butylmethacrylat-copolymer med høj molekylvægt, methylvinyl-ether/maleinsyre-copolymer, methylvinylether/maleinsyre, 5 monoethylester-copolymer, methylvinylether/maleinsyre-anhy- dnd-copolymer og viny 1 a 1 kohol/v i ny 1 ace t a t - copol y me r .
Repræsentative bionedbrydelige polymere er polyglycolider, poly(ethylen-terephthalat) og polyurethan.
Repræsentative acrylater og methacrylater er polymere, som 10 forhandles under varemærket Eudragit.
Når den aktive bestanddel er et lægemiddel, er der ingen grænser for arten af dette lægemiddel.
Repræsentative aktive bestanddele omfatter syrebindende stoffer, anti-inflammatonske stoffer, coronære dilatorer, 15 cerebrale dilatorer, penphere vasodilatorer, anti-infek- tiver, psychotropica, anti-manica, stimulanter, anti-hista-miner, laxativer, decongestanter, vitaminer, gastro-mtes-tmale sedativer, anti-diarrheale præparationer, anti-angi-nale lægemidler, vasodilatorer, anti-arrhythmica, anti-hy-20 pertensive lægemidler, vasoconstnctorer og migræne-midler, anti-coagulanter og anti-thrombotiske midler, analgesics, anti-pyretica, hypnotica, sedativer, anti-emetica, anti-nauseanter, anti-convulsanter, neuromusculære midler, hyper-og hypoglycaemiske midler, thyroider og anti-thyroide præpa-25 rater, diuretica, anti-spasmodica, uterine relaxanter, mineral- og næringsadditiver, anti-obesiti-midler, anaboliske midler, erythropoietiske midler, anti-asthmatica, broncho-dilatorer, expectoranter, hoste-suppressanter, mucolytica og anti-unkemiske midler. 1 - -—------ - j
Typiske aktive ingredienser omfatter gastro-intestinale se-
I DK 175329 B1 I
i 6 I
I dativer, såsom metoclopramid og propanthelin-bromid, anta- I
I cider, såsom altiminium.tlrisi'lac.at, aluminiumhydroxid og cime- I
I tidin, anti-inf1ammatori ske midler, såsom phenylbutazon, I
indomethacin, naproxen, lbuprofen, flurbiprofen, dichlofe- I
I 5 nac, dexamethason, predmson og predmsolon, coronære vaso- I
I dilatorer, såsom glyceryltrimtrat, lsosorbid-dinitrat og I
I pentaerythntol-tetramtrat, penpherale og cerebrale vaso- I
I dilatorer, såsom soloc 11 di lum, vincamm, naftidrofuryl-oxa- I
lat, co-dergocnnmesylat, cyclandelat, papavenn- og nicotin- I
I 10 syre, anti-infektive substanser, såsom erhthromocyn-stearat, I
I cephalexin, nalidixinsyre, tetracyclm-hydrochlorid, ampi- I
I cillin, flucloxacillin-natnum, hexamin-mandelat og hexa- I
I min-hippurat, neuroleptiske midler, såsom flurazepam, di- I
azepam, temazepam, amitryptylin, doxepm, lithiumcarbonat, I
I 15 lithiumsul fat, chlorpromazin, thiondazin, t r i f luperaz in, I
I . fluphenazin, piperothiazin, halopendol, maprotilin-hydro- I
I chlond, lmipramin og desmethylimipramin, centralnerve- I
I stimulanter, såsom methy lphenidat, ephednn, epinephrm, I
I isoproterenol, amphetamin-sulfat og amphetamin-hydrochlorid, I
I 20 antihistamin-midler, såsom diphenhydramin, diphenylpyralin, I
I chlorpheniramin og brompheniramm, anti-diarrheale midler, I
I såsom bisacodyl og magnesiumhydroxid, laxative mdiler, di- I
I octyl-natrium-sulfosuccinat, kosttilskud, såsom ascorbin- I
I syre, alpha-tocopherol, thiamin og pyridoxin, anti-spasmodis- I
I 25 ke midler, såsom dicyclomin og diphenoxylat, midler til I
påvirkning af pulsen, såsom verapamil, nifedipin, diltiazem, I
I procainamid, idsopyramid, bretylium-tosylat, quinidm-sulfat I
og quinidin-gluconat, midler til behandling af hypertension, I
I såsom propanolol-hydrochlorid, guanethidin-monosulfat, methyl- I
I 30 dopa, oxprenolol-hydrochlond, captopnl og hydralazin, mid- I
I ler til behandling af migræne, såsom ergotamin, blod-koagu- I
I lerende midler, såsom epsilon-aminocapronsyre og proteaminsulfat, I
I analgesiske midler, såsom acetylsalicylsyre, acetaminophen, I
I codein-phosphat, codein-sulfat, oxycodon, dihydrocodein- I
I 35 tartrat, oxycodeinon, morphin, heroin, nalbuphin, butor- I
I phanol-tartrat, pentazocin-hydrochlond, cyclazacin, pethi- I
7 DK 175329 B1 din, buprenorphin, scopolamin og mefenaminsyre, anti-epi-leptiske midler, såsom phenytoin-natrium og natrium-valproat, neuromusculære midler, såsom dantrolen-natrium, midler til behandling af diabetes, såsom tolbutamid, disbenase-gluca-5 gon og insulin, midler til behandling af thyroid-kirtel- 1 idelser, såsom tmodothyronin, thyroxin og propylthiouracil, diuretiske midler, såsom furosemid, chlorthalidon, hy-drochlorthlazid, spironolacton og triamteren, det uterin-relaxerende middel ritodnn, appetit-suppressanter, såsom 10 fenfluramin-hydrochlorid, phentermm og diethylpropion-hy- drochlond, anti-asthmatica og bronchodilatonske midler, såsom aminophyllin, theophyllin, salbutamol, orciprenalin-sulfat og terbutalin-sulfat, expectoranmidler, såsom guai-phenesin, hoste-suppressanter, såsom dextromethorphan og 15 noscapin, mucolytiske midler, såsom carbocistein, anti-sep-tica, såsom cetylpyndiniumchlond, tyrothricm og chlor-hexidin, decongestanter, såsom phenylpropanolamin og pseudo-ephedrin, hypnotiske midler, såsom dichloralphenazon og nitrazepam, anti-kvalme-midler, såsom promethazin-theoclat, 20 haemopoietiske midler, såsom ferrosulfat, folinsyre og cal-ciumgluconat, uricosunske midler, såsom sul f inpy razon , allopurmol og probenecid.
Særlig foretrukne aktive ingredienser er: lbuprofen, paracetamol, 5-amino-salicylsyre , dextromethorphan, proprano-25 lol, theophyllin, diltiazem, methyldopa, pseudoephedrin, cimetidin, cephalexin, cephaclor, cephradin, naproxen, pi-roxicam, diazepam, diclofenac, mdomethacin, amoxycillin, pivampicillin , bacampici11in , dicloxacillin, erythromycin, erythromycinstearat, lincomycin, co-dergocnn-mesylat, doxy-50 cyclin, dipyndamol, frusemid, triamteren, sulindac, nife-dipin, atenolol, lorazepam, glubenclamid, salbutamol, tn-methopnm/sulfamethoxazol, spironolacton, carbinoxamin-ma-leat, guaiphenesin, kallumchlorid og metoprolol-tartrat Særlig foretrukne aktive bestanddele er theophyllin, para-
I DK 175329 B1 I
I I
I cetamil og kal lumchlond. I
I Den aktive bestanddel kan også være et saccharin for an-
I vendelse i spiselige præparater, hvor det er ønsket at I
I opnå en kontrolleret frigivelse af saccharin, f.eks. tygge- I
I 5 gummi. Den aktive bestanddel kan også være et andet søde- I
I middel, f.eks. aspartam, der er særligt velegnet i for- I
I bindelse med tyggegummi. I
I Opfindelsen angår endvidere en fremgangsmåde til fremstil- I
I ling af det omhandlede pul verformige præparat, hvilken I
I 10 fremgangsmåde er ejendommelig ved: I
I a) at der dannes en opløsning af det eller de polymere stof- I
I fer i et opløsningsmiddel, I
I b) at den aktive bestanddel opløses eller dispergeres i I
I den nævnte polymere opløsning til dannelse af en ensar- I
I 15 tet blanding, og I
I c) at opløsningsmidlet fjernes fra blandingen til opnåelse I
I af mikropartikler med en middelpartikelstørrelse på 0,1 I
I til 125 yjm, fortrinsvis 5 til 100 ^im. I
I Opløsningsmidlet kan være vand, en alkohol, en keton, en I
I 20 halogeneret alifatisk forbindelse, et halogeneret aromatisk I
I carbonhydnd, et aromatisk carbonhydnd eller en cyclisk I
I ether eller en blanding af disse. I
I Særlig foretrukne opløsningsmidler er vand, hexan, heptan, I
I methanol, ethanol,·acetone , methylethylketon, methylisobu- I
I 25 tylketon, methylenchlorid, chloroform, carbontetrachlorid, I
I toluen, xylen og tetrahydrofuran. I
I Valget af opløsningsmiddel eller opløsningsmidler er be- I
I stemt af det eller de polymere stoffer, som udvælges. Eg- I
9 DK 175329 B1 nede opløsningsmidler for cel1ulose-forbindelser er f.eks. acetone eller en blanding af methanol og methylenchlond.
Koncentrationen af det polymere stof i opløsningsmidlet vil normalt være mindre end 75 vægt-S5. Normalt ligger koncen-5 trationen i området 10-30 vægt-?o
Hvis den aktive bestanddel ikke er opløselig i den polymere opløsning, bør partikelstørrelsen af den aktive bestanddel reduceres til under 10 ^jm. Reduktionen af partikelstørrelsen kan opnås ved formaling, f.eks. i en kugle-10 mølle eller ved jet-formaling.
Den aktive bestanddel kan også være en væske.
Forholdet mellem lægemiddel og polymert stof varierer inden for vide grænser, således i området 0,1:10 til 10:1.
Den ensartede blanding af den aktive bestanddel i den po-15 lymere opløsning kan opnås ved hurtig og kontinuert blanding.
Fjernelsen af opløsningsmidlet og dannelsen af partiklerne af den ønskede størrelse kan opnås på mange forskellige måder.
2 0 1, Spray-tørr mg
Blandingen af aktiv bestanddel og polymert stof i opløsningsmidlet forstøves ind i en strøm af varm luft på i og for sig kendt måde. Dette får opløsningsmidlet til at fordampe, og pulveret opsamles i et forstøvningstørrekammer. 1 2 3
Størrelsen af partiklerne kan kontrolleres på mange forskel 2 lige måder, f.eks. ved afpasning af indførsels- og afgangs- 3 temperatur i forstøvningstørrekammeret, hastigheden af
DK 175329 B1 I
i° I
forstøvningen, størrelsen af forstøverhovedet eller for- I
holdet mellem koncentrationen af aktiv bestanddel og poly- I
mert stof. I
2. Anvendelse af en ydre væskefase I
$ Blandingen af aktiv bestanddel og polymert stof, som er i I
form af en opløsning eller suspension, hældes i en flyden- I
de ydre fase. Den flydende ydre fase kan bestå af et op- I
løsningsmiddel, som er ublandbart eller delvist ublandbart I
med blandingen af den aktive bestanddel og det polymere I
10 stof. I
Valget af ydre flydende fase afhænger af den særlige kom- I
bination af aktiv bestanddel og polymert stof, som man har
valgt. Egnede væsker til anvendelse som ydre væskefase om- I
fatter vand, vandige opløsninger, f.eks. sukkeropløsninger, I
15 organiske opløsninger, mineralolier, vegetabilske olier, I
fikserede olier, siruper eller siliconer. Den vandige op- I
løsning kan omfatte et fortykkelsesmiddel, såsom xanthan- I
gummi, for at forøge opløsningens viskositet. Olier kan I
gøres mere viskose ved tilsætning af stoffer, såsom mag- I
20 nesiumstearat. Den ydre væskefase kan også bestå af en op- I
løsning med en anden pH-værdi, f.eks. en puffer. H
Forholdet mellem ydre væskefase og polymer blanding skal H
være mindst 2:1. I
Efter tilsætning af blandingen af aktiv bestanddel og poly- w I
25 mert stof til den ydre væskeformige fase foretages en emul- I
gering af blandingen af de to faser, f.eks. ved kraftig I
omrøring. Den dannede emulsion kan enten være stabil eller I
ustabil. Ved emulgeringen dannes kugleformige partikler el- I
ler dråber af aktiv bestanddel/polymert stof i emulsionen. 1
Opløsningsmidlet kan fjernes på mange forskellige måder. I
r ------- - :-—I
DK 175329 B1 11
Hvis opløsningsmidlet er flygtigt, kan det fjernes passivt.
F.eks. kan acetone, anvendt som opløsningsmiddel, normalt fjernes ved afdampning under blandingen. De dannede partikler opsamles derefter ved filtrering eller centrifugering.
5 Opløsningsmidlet kan også fjernes ved opvarmning, medens man blander de to faser. F.eks. kan opløsningsmidlet fjernes på en roterende tromlefordamper. Opløsningsmidlet kan også fjernes under vakuum uden anvendelse af opvarmning. Mikrobølge-tørring kan anvendes med eller uden vakuum. Et 10 eksempel på en anden metode til fjernelse af opløsningsmiddel er frysetørring.
Efter indsamling af mikropartiklerne vil de normalt skulle vaskes flere gange med et egnet opløsningsmiddel, efterfulgt af tørring.
15 Når der som opløsningsmiddel anvendes acetone og den exter-ne flydende fase er en mineralolie, vil man f.eks. kunne vaske mikropartiklerne flere gange med hexan og derefter tørre dem ved 45°C.
Ved emulgering i kommerciel skala kan der anvendes konti-20 nuert virkende emulgeringsblandere.
Partikelstørrelsen kan kontrolleres på mange forskellige måder. F.eks. kan partikelstørrelsen kontrolleres ved blan-dehastigheden, viskositeten af den ydre væskefase, viskositeten af den indre fase, størrelsen af partiklerne af den 25 aktive bestanddel eller flygtigheden af opløsningsmidlet.
3. Andre metoder til fjernelse af opløsningsmidlet ved fase-separennq, interfase polymer deposition og coacervation_
Det eventuelt anvendte strækmiddel, der kan anvendes i forbindelse med den eller de aktive bestanddele, vil hyppigt
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 12 I
I spille en aktiv rolle under indgiften. F.eks. kan stræk- I
I midlet være et overfladeaktivt stof, der letter transpor- I
I ten af vand ind i partikler, f. eks. natnumlaurylsulfat I
I eller det under varemærket Tween ® markedsførte produkt I
I 5 Strækmidlet kan også være et aktivt transportmiddel, I
I f eks. glucose eller en eller flere aminosyrer. I
I Strækmidlet kan bestå af en eller flere organiske syrer, I
I der letter opløsningen af lægemidlet, hvis dette er I
I 10 tungtopl øs el lgt i alkaliske medier. Eksempler på sådanne I
I syrer er ascorbinsyre, citronsyre, fumarsyre, æblesyre, I
I ravsyre og vinsyre På tilsvarende måde kan strækmidlet I
I bestå af et eller flere basiske stoffer, der letter op- I
I løsningen af lægemiddel, hvis dette er tungtopl øs el lgt i I
I 15 surt medium. Sådanne basiske materialer kan være natrium- I
I carbonat, natriumcitrat eller natriumbicarbonat. I
I Det ifølge opfindelsen fremstillede pulver er fortrinsvis I
I uden indhold af excipient er, og micromatnxen forbliver I
I 20 efter frigivelse af den aktive bestanddel i det væsentli- I
I ge intakt. Sådanne pulvere egner sig især til fremstil- I
ling af en oral formulering i form af tygbare tabletter I
I eller tygbart gummi, i hvilke micromatrixen har en til- I
I strækkelig mekanisk og kemisk stabilitet til at modstå I
I 25 nedbrydning forårsaget af de enkelte tyggebevægelser, I
I samt til fremstilling af en topisk formulering i form af I
I en creme, en salve, et skum, en gel, en pasta, en gummi, I
I et slim, en gele, en lotion, et talkumpudder eller en I
formulering, som er egnet til transdermal afgivelse. I
I 30 I
13 DK 175329 B1 Når den aktive bestanddel er et lægemiddel, kan mikropar-tiklerne ifølge opfindelsen udformes på mange forskellige måder. Farmaceutiske præparater kan ifølge opfindelsen have form af piller og tabletter, f.eks. overtrukne tablet-5 ter, effervescente tabletter, tyggetablet ter, støbte tabletter og smeltetabletter . Partiklerne ifølge opfindelsen kan kompr imeres til tabletter og om ønsket overtrækkes tiden væsentlig forandring af partiklernes egenskaber. På grund af mikropartiklernes natur vil de ikke have nogen 10 væsentlig tilbøjelighed til at blive nedbrudt eller findelt ved en tyggevirkning.
Pul verformige præparater ifølge opfindelsen omfatter også strøpulver og udskylningspulver.
15
Partiklerne ifølge opfindelsen kan også indføres i kapsler, der enten kan være bløde gelatinekapsler eller hårde gelatinekapsler .
I DK 175329 B1 I
I I
I Andre dosisformer omfatter pessaner, rektale suppositorier, I
I vaginale tabletter og vaginale indsætninger. I
I Partiklerne ifølge opfindelsen kan også anvendes til lm- I
I planteringer og okulare indsætninger. I
I 5 Pulverne kan også formuleres til topisk anvendelse, f.eks. I
I som cremer eller salver, og til transdermal påføring, I
I f.eks. i form af transdermale plastre. I
I Endvidere kan mikropartiklerne benyttes i form af skum, I
I 10 geler, pastaer, gummier, klæbemidler og geleer. I
I Andre egnede doseringsformer for mikropartlklerne er som I
I inhaleringsmidler, magma, intrauterine anordninger, plastre, I
I bionedbrydelige sårpåføringsmidler og andre topiske midler. I
De omhandlede mikropartikler er særlig egnede til dannel- I
I 15 se af væsker for oral, lokal eller parenteral indgift. I
I De kan således udformes i væskeform til øjendråber, nasal- I
I dråber, øredråber, suspensioner, siruper, infusionsvæsker I
I og injicerbare opløsninger. Pulveret kan endvidere formu- I
I leres som næsespray. De injicerbare opløsninger omfatter I
I 20 intravenøse, subkutanøse og intramuskulære injicerbare op- I
I løsninger. I
I De orale suspensioner og siruper ifølge opfindelsen er sær- I
I ligt egnede til anvendelse som geriatrisk og pædiatrisk me- I
I dicin. De flydende præparater kan indføres i munden uden I
I 25 ubehag. Da det polymere stof i hovedsagen overtrækker den I
I aktive bestanddel, vil overtrækket endvidere maskere en- I
I hver ubehagelig smag. I
I På grund af disse egenskaber egner præparatet sig også til I
I tyggetabletter og efferverscerende tabletter. Som følge I
15 DK 175329 B1 af mikropartiklernes natur vil de ikke kunne føles som et granulat.
Foretrukne pædiatriske væsker ifølge opfindelsen er suspensioner eller siruper af bronchial relaxanter, analgesics, 5 anti-pyretica, anti-tussiver, anti-spasmodica, anti-kval-memidler, anti-histaminer, anti-epileptica og antibiotics.
Andre særligt egnede flydende præparater er ikke-vandige suspensioner af stærkt vandopløselige eller vanduopløseli-ge aktive bestanddele. Egnede lægemidler til sådanne præpa-10 rater er dextromethorphan, guaiphenesin og pseudoephednn eller et salt deraf eller kaliumchlorid.
De flydende præparater har en god holdbarhed og udviser stabilitet både i kemisk henseende og i henseende til opløsningshastighed i op til 30 dage. Det antages, at holdbar-15 heden kan være så høj som 5 år.
De flydende præparater ifølge opfindelsen kan opnå en koncentration af aktiv bestanddel på op til 1 g pr. 5 ml.
Hidtil har mange lægemidler været ustabile i flydende form, og det gælder f.eks. analgetiske stoffer, som skal anvendes 20 i dosisform hver 4-6 timer. De omhandlede flydende præparater har større alsidighed og gør det muligt at nøjes med to daglige indgivelser for et medikament, såsom et analge-tisk stof, anti-histaminer og bronchiale relaxanter.
Den smagsmaskerende egenskab for det omhandlede pulver har 25 særlig stor betydning ved pædiatrisk medicin. Denne egenskab er dog af lige så stor betydning i den veterinære medicin. F.eks. har antibiotica, såsom erythromycin, som har en yderst ubehagelig bitter smag, været praktisk taget u-mulig at indgive oralt på dyr, fordi det ikke har været mu-30 ligt tilstrækkeligt godt at maskere den bitre smag. Sådan-
I DK 175329 B1 I
i 16 I
I ne kendte orale præparater har derfor været afvist af dy- I
I rene. I
I Den foreliggende opfindelse udmærker sig således også ved I
I at tilvejebringe antibiotiske præparater med kontrolleret I
I 5 frigivelse og i det væsentlige fri for smag, stammende fra I
I de antibiotiske stoffer, og egnet til farmaceutisk eller I
I veterinær anvendelse, hvilke præparater I
I a) har form af pulvere som angivet ifølge opfindelsen, I
I b) har form af ikke-vandige suspensioner af de omhandlede
I 10 pulvere, eller I
I c) har form af rekonstituerbare vandige suspensioner af de I
I omhandlede pulvere. I
I Det pu1 ver formige præparat ifølge opfindelsen kan anvendes
I som stam-blandinger for animalske foderstoffer og andre I
I 15 foderadditiver. I
I Ud over lægemidler kan nænngstilskud, såsom vitaminer, ind- I
I gives oralt på dyr ved hjælp af det omhandlede pulver. H
I Egnede veterinære præparater ifølge opfindelsen omfatter H
I veterinære foderstoffer, piller og medikamenter af forskel- I
I 20 lige former. I
I I landbruget kan det omhandlede pulver også benyttes til I
I præparater for kontrolleret frigivelse af herbicider og I
I pesticider. I
I Som kosmetisk middel kan pulveret benyttes til forlænget I
I 25 frigivelse af duftstoffer for anvendelse i talkumpulver, I
I cremer, lotioner og andre kosmetiske præparater. I
17 DK 175329 B1
Huer af partiklerne af det kontrollerede fngivne pulver ifølge opfindelsen har form af en sand micromatnx, hvor den aktive bestanddel og eventuelt et eller flere strækmidler er ensartet fordelt, således som det fremgår af fig.
5 1 af tegningen, som er et elektronmikrogram af pharmasom- holdigt theophyllin og fremstillet som beskrevet i efterfølgende eksempel 1. Theophylimet ses at danne årer eller labyrinter gennem det polymere stof af pharmasom Fig. 2 i tegningen er et elektronmikrogram af pharmasomer, efter 10 at theophy11inet er udvasket ved hjælp af vand i løbet af 24 timer. Derved er efterladt en matnxstruktur af det polymere materiale.
Partiklernes natur som micromatrix kan også vises ved deres opløsningsprofil. Med henvisning til eksemplerne 1 og 2 15 har det vist sig, at opløsningshastigheden (D) er direkte proportional med kvadratroden af tiden (t) i overensstemmelse med følgende ligning: D = otV~t efter at der er sket en kraftig frigivelse af aktiv be-20 standdel i selve starten på grund af tilstedeværelsen af aktive bestanddele ved partiklernes overflader. Opløsningshastigheden er afhængig af mængden af aktiv bestanddel, som forbliver i partikel-matrixen på et givet tidspunkt. Teoretisk vil det sidste molekyle af aktiv bestanddel aldrig 25 blive udludet. Opløsningshastigheden antages at nå 100¾ efter et uendeligt tidsrum.
De omhandlede partikler har også en porøsitetsgrad, der kan beregnes ud fra den absolutte vægtfylde af partiklerne målt med et pyknometer. Opløsningshastigheden af partikler-30 ne ifølge opfindelsen har også vist sig at have forbindelse med graden af porøsitet af de nævnte partikler.
I DK 175329 B1 I
i 18 I
I Mikropartlklerne ifølge opfindelsen må skelnes fra mikro- I
I kapsler derved, at den aktive bestanddel i sidstnævnte er I
I indkapslet af et polymert overtræk, medens den aktive be- I
I standdel i det førstnævnte præparat er ensartet fordelt I
I 5 gennem det polymere materiale som beskrevet ovenfor og an- I
I givet ved fig. 1 og 2 af tegningen. I
I Opfindelsen skal i det efterfølgende illustreres nærmere I
I ved hjælp af nogle eksempler. Den i eksemplerne nævnte op- I
I løsningshastighed af de forskellige farmaceutiske prspara- I
I 10 ter er målt ved Paddle-metoden ifølge US Pharmacopoeia XX I
I ved 37°C og 75 rpm, idet der er anvendt 200 mg prøve pr. I
I 900 ml simuleret fordøjelsesvæske uden enzymer. I
I EKSEMPEL 1 I
I Præparat af mikropartikler indeholdende theophyllin I
I 15 Theophyllin blev formalet i en roterende kuglemølle og der- I
I efter sigtet gennem en 38 pm mesh sigte. I
I Celluloseacetatbutyrat (CAB) opløstes i acetone til opnåel- I
I se af en koncentration på 15S w/v. I
I Hexan (20 ml) blev sat til et aliquot af CAB-opløsning I
I 20 (100 g) under konstant omrøring. I
I En portion af det sigtede theophyllin (10 g) blev derefter I
I tilsat til den polymere opløsning under konstant omrøring I
I til sikring af en jævn dispersion af theophy11 met. Dette I
I produkt udgjorde en indre fase for det efterfølgende emul- I
I 25 genngstnn. I
I Magnesiumstearat opløstes i tung mineralolie US Pharmacopoeia I
I til opnåelse af en koncentration af 1,5¾ w/v. Denne opløs- I
I ning anvendtes som en ydre væskefase. 150 ml af den ydre I
19 DK 175329 B1 væskefase dekanteredes i et højt 6D0 ml bægerglas, og den interne fase, fremstillet som ovenfor angivet, blev tilsat. Emulgeringen blev opnået ved hjælp af en Silverson-blander (Silverson er et varemærke) med maksimal fart i 2 5 minutter, hvorefter hastigheden blev nedsat for at opnå den ønskede partikelstørrelse.
Suspensionen af partiklerne i den ydre fase blev derefter indført i en roterende fordamper, og acetonen blev afdam-pet under vakuum. Suspensionen bestod nu alene af polymer-10 overtrukket theophyllin eller pharmasomer suspenderet i den ydre væskefase. Ved mikroskopisk undersøgelse viste partikelstørrelsen sig at ligge mellem 10 og 1Θ0 ^im.
Partiklerne blev centrifugeret, og den ydre fase blev dekanteret. Partiklerne blev derefter vasket gentagne gange 15 med heptan til fjernelse af den ydre væskefase. Slutproduktet blev derpå filtreret og tørret ved 45°C i 2 timer. Partiklerne blev derefter sigtet med sigtestørrelse 50, 90, 125 og 180 jjm. Hovedportionen af partiklerne blev tilbageholdt med sigte nr. 90 jum. 1
Opløsningshastigheden af 90-125 /jm fraktionen af partiklerne blev bedømt ved hjælp af Paddle-metoden ifølge US Pharmacopoeia XX som ovenfor angivet. Resultaterne var følgende :
I · DK 175329 B1 I
I 20 I
I Tid (h) % frigivelse I
I 0,5 42 I
II 57 I
I 2 62 I
I 5 3 65 I
I 4 69 I
I 5 73 I
I 6 78 I
I 7 85 I
I 10 8 91 I
I 9 95 I
I 10 97 I
I Partiklerne viste sig at være uden smag med fuldstændig I
I maskering af den normale bitre smag af theophyllin. I
I 15 EKSEMPEL 2 I
I Fremstilling af mikropartikler indeholdende paracetamol I
I Eksempel 1 blev gentaget med den ændring, at 20 g paracet- I
I amol blev anvendt i stedet for 10 g theophyllin. Den ydre I
I væskefase af tung mineralolie blev erstattet af let mine- I
I 20 ralolie. En hovedportion af partiklerne havde en middelstør- I
I relse af 20 pm. I
I Opløsningshastigheden af partiklerne blev bestemt til føl- I
I gende* I
21 DK 175329 B1
Tid (h) % frigivelse
0 O
0,5 43 1 35 5 2 67 5 75 4 80 5 85 6 89 10 7 91 8 96
Partiklerne viste sig at være uden smag.
EKSEMPEL 3
Fremstilling af mikropartikler indeholdende nifedipin 15 Eksempel 1 blev gentaget med den ændring, at 16 g nifedipin blev anvendt i stedet for theophyllin. Den interne fase bestod af Eudragitf^RS 100 i methanol ved en koncentration på 33¾ w/v. Den ydre fase bestod af magneslumstearat i lys mineralolie ved en 20 koncentration på 2,5¾ w/v.
Opløsningshastigheden af de dannede partikler blev bestemt til følgende:
Tid (h) ¾ frigivelse 0,5 25 25 1 30 2 35 3 55 4 70 6 85
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 22 I
I Partiklerne viste sig at være uden smag. I
I EKSEMPEL 4 I
I Fremstilling af mikropartlkler indeholdende dextromethor- I
I phan-hydrobromid_ _______ I
I 5 Eksempel 1 blev gentaget med den ændring, at 10 g theophyl- I
I lin blev erstattet med 10 g dextromethorphan-hydrobromid. I
I Opløsningshastigheden af partiklerne blev bestemt til føl- I
I gende. I
I Tid (h) % f nqivelse I
I 10 0,5 45 I
I 1 33 I
I 2 70 I
I 3 74 I
I 4 80 I
I 15 5 I
I 6 90 I
I EKSEMPEL 5 I
I Fremstilling af mikropartikler indeholdende saccharid-natnum I
I Eksempel 1 blev gentaget med den ændring, at theophyllin I
I 20 blev erstattet med 6,5 g saccharin-natrium. Den interne fa- I
I (η) I
I sebestodaf Ethocelli ethyleellulose ) I
I 45 eps opløst i ethanol til opnåelse af en koncen- I
I tration på 15% w/v. Sacchann-natnura blev tilsat til 50 I
I g af den polymere opløsning. Den externe væskefase bestod I
I 25 af to mineralolier, US Pharmacopoeia. I
I Opløsningshastigheden af partiklerne blev bestemt til føl- I
23 DK 175329 B1 gende værdier:
Tid (h ) % frigivelse 5 60 10 73 5 15 89 30 94 60 100 EKSEMPEL 6
Fremstilling af mikropartikler indeholdende pseudophednn-10 hydrochlond_______________
Fremgangsmåden ifølge eksempel 1 blev gentaget med den ændring, at theophyllin blev erstattet med 10 g pseudo-ephedrm-hydroch1 orid . 50 g CAB anvendtes, opløst i 20 ml hexan, til dannelse af den polymere opløsning.
15 Opløsningshastigheden af partiklerne blev bestemt til følgende.
Tid (h) % frigivelse 0,5 35 1 55 20 2 60 3 68 4 73 5 80 6 84 25 7 90 8 94
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 24 I
I EKSEMPEL 7 I
I Fremstilling af mikropartlkler indeholdende carbinoxamin-maleat I
Eksempel 1 blev gentaget under anvendelse af carbinoxamin- I
I maleat i stedet for theophyllm. Opløsningshastigheden af I
5 partiklerne blev bestemt til følgende: I
I Tid (h) % frigivelse I
I 0,5 20 I
I 1 25 I
I 2 30 I
I 10 3 45 I
I 4 55 I
I 5 65 I
I 6 70 I
I 7 73 I
I 15 8 78 I
I EKSEMPEL 8 I
I Fremstilling af mikropartikler indeholdende guaiphenesin I
I Eksempel 1 blev gentaget med den ændring, at theophyllin I
blev erstattet med guaiphenesin (12,5 g). Den polymere op- I
I 20 løsning bestod af Ethocel^ , der er ethylcellu- I
lose med en viskositet på 4 cps, opløst i ether til op- I
I nåelse af en koncentration på 25¾ ω/ν. I
I Den externe fase bestod af en vandig opløsning af sorbitol I
I 70¾ w/w (sorbitolopløsning B.P.)· I
I 25 Efter fjernelse af opløsningsmidlet blev den interne fase I
I af partiklerne eller pharmasomer, som blev tilbage, suspen- I
deret i sorbitolopløsningen. Partiklerne blev opsamlet ved I
25 DK 175329 B1 dekantering af sorbito 1opløsmngen. Opløsningshastigheden af partiklerne blev bestemt til følgende.
Tid (h) % frigivelse 0,5 50 5 1 55 2 61 3 64 4 70 5 76 10 6 81 7 87 8 93 EKSEMPEL 9
Eksempel 8 blev gentaget uden dekantering af sorbitolopløs-15 ningen. Suspensionen blev tilsat aromastoffer og indstillet på den ønskede styrke for oral suspension.
EKSEMPEL 10
Fremstilling af mikropartikler indeholdende erythromycin-base
Eksempel 1 blev gentaget med den ændring, at theophyllin 20 blev erstattet med erythromycin-base. Den anvendte polymere var en blanding af celluloseacetat-butyrat og celluloseace-tat-phthalat i et forhold på 2:1. Opløsningshastigheden af partiklerne blev bestemt til følgende:
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 26 I
I Tid (h) % frigivelse I
I 0,5 20 I
II 30 I
I 2 40 I
I 3 3 33 I
I 4 70 I
I 3 78 I
I 6 87 I
I 7 95 I
I 10 Andre blandede polymere blev anvendt som den indre fase og I
I viste sig velegnede til opnåelse af en 100?é frigivelse af I
I aktiv bestanddel fra de dannede partikler. Eksempler på I
I blandede polymere er følgende I
I Polymer Forhold I
I 15 Celluloseacetatbutyrat/ I
I polyvinylpyrrolidon 9:1 I
I Celluloseacetatbutyrat/ I
I polyvinylpyrrolidon 4;1 I
I Celluloseacetatbutyrat/ I
I 20 poly(methylmethacrylsyre) 1:1 I
I Celluloseacetatbutyrat/ I
I poly(methylmethacrylsyre) 3:1 I
I Θ , Θ I
I Eudragit^RS/Eudragic RL 9:1 I
I & I
I Ethocel/polyvinylpyrrolidon 9·1 I
27 DK 175329 B1 EKSEMPEL 11
Fremstilling af theophy11in-sirup
Partikler fremstillet ifølge eksempel 1 blev suspenderet i en sukkeropløsning i vand (66?i) til opnåelse af en theo-5 phy11m-sirup indeholdende 200 mg theophyllin pr. 5 ml sirup. Ved oral indgift blev den normale bitre smag af theo-phyllin helt maskeret.
FARMAKOLOGISKE DATA
En plasma-niveau-profil for theophyllin blev målt ud fra 10 middelværdierne, opnået for to patienter på basis af de i tabellerne 1 og 2 angivne data. Fig. 3 er en graf af plasmaniveau ^ug/ml ) som en funktion af tiden efter indgift (timer) for sirup fremstillet ifølge eksempel 11, baseret på værdier angivet i tabellerne 1 og 2.
15 Det vil ses af fig. 3 og tabel 1 og 2, at plasma-niveau efter 10 timer ikke er væsentligt forskelligt fra plasma-niveau efter 1 time Følgelig viser graf en forsinket absorptionsfase med et minimum af svingninger af plasma-niveau i løbet af 10 timer. Normalt vil theophyllin (hurtig eller 20 middelhurtig frigivelse) have et maksimum efter 2 timer.
Den tilsyneladende biologiske halveringstid for theophyllin har vist sig at ligge i området 4-9 timer. Normalt ville man vente halvdelen af 'det maksimale plasma-niveau efter 7 timer og tilnærmelsesvis en trediedel af det maksimale 25 plasma-niveau efter 10 timer.
Disse resultater antyder, at sirupen fremstillet ifølge eksempel 11 kunne doseres sikkert ved intervaller af 12 timer, dvs. to gange dagligt Dette er halvdelen af dosishyppighe-den for konventionelt ikke-forsinket eller umiddelbart for-30 sinket theophyllin.
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 28 I
I TABEL 1 I
I Blodstudium - sammendrag af farmakokinetiske data I
I Theophyllin - 600 mg S.D. I
I Plasmatal -jjq/ml I
I TIMER EFTER ADMINISTRATION I
I SUBJ 0,00 1,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 I
I 1 0,00 3,15 4,25 4,70 3,45 3,00 2,85 I
I 2 0,00 2,90 4,85 5,05 5,00 4,30 4,25 I
I Middel 0,00 3,03 4,55 4,88 4,23 3,65 3,55 I
I ST DEV 0,00 0,18 0,42 0,25 1,10 0,92 0,99 I
I *CV (?i) 0,00 5,84 9,32 5,08 25,94 25,18 27,89 I
I Max. 0,00 3,15 4,85 5,05 5,00 4,30 4,25 I
I Min. 0,00 2,90 4,25 4,70 3,45 3,00 2,85 I
^Koefficient af variation I
29 DK 175329 B1 TABEL 2
Theophyllin - 600 mg S.D.
Farmakokinetiske parametre
Tid for indstil- Maksi- C(max)/ Elimi- Halve- AUC* lin g af mumstør- C(mm) nation- nngs- (0,00- maksimum relse ued 10,00 rate tid 10,00 H) T(max) C(max) timer K EL T 1/2 1 34,67 4,00 4,70 1,63 0,03 14,31 2 43,13 4,00 5,05 1,19 0,03 20,74
Middel 38,90 4,00 4,88 1,42 0,04 17,62 ST DEV 5,98 0,00 0,25 0,33 0,01 4,41 C\l (») 15,36 0,00 5,08 22,91 25,00 25,00
Baseret på middel blod-tals-kurue Middel ' 4,00 4,B8 1,37 ♦Areal under kurve
I DK 175329 B1 I
i 30 I
I EKSEMPEL 12 I
I Theophyllin-suspension I
I Theophy1lin-mikropartikler "Pharmasomer" (fremstillet iføl- I
I ge eksempel 1) blev suspenderet i en væske bestående af I
I 5 70¾ sorbitol-opløsning 89,9¾ efter vægt I
I Glycerin 10,0¾ efter vægt I
I Polysorbat-80 (handelsnavn) 0,1¾ efter vægt I
I til opnåelse af en suspension indeholdende 200 mg theophyl- I
I linpr.5 ml. I
10 Prøver af suspensionen blev lagret ved stuetemperatur og I
I prøvet med mellemrum til bestemmelse af stabiliteten af I
I pharmasomer i suspension. I
I På frems1111ingstidspunktet var det målte indhold af theo- I
I phyllm 188,4 mg/5 ml, og efter 15 uger var det 190,5 mg/5 I
I 15 ml, hvilket viser, at der ikke har været nogen kemisk ned- I
I brydning af lægemidlet. I
I Opløsningshastigheden blev også prøvet efter 15 uger, og I
I resultaterne fremgår af tabel 3 og fig 4. Disse data vi- I
I ser således, at suspensionen opretholder sin styrke og op- I
I 20 løselighedsegenskaber i mindst 15 uger efter fremstillin- I
I gen. I
I Farmakologiske data I
I Den i eksempel 12 fremstillede suspension blev prøvet ved I
I seks biotilgængelighedsstudier med en dosis på 720 mg (18 I
I 25 ml) i sammenligning med en konventionel sirup (Somophy1lin) I
til opnåelse af to doser på 360 mg ved 0 og 6 timer. Resul- I
I taterne er samlet i tabel 4 og fig. 5. I fig. 5 repræsen- I
31 DK 175329 B1 terer kurven (a) suspensionen fra eksempel 12, og kurven
(b) er Somophy11in-sirupen, der er anvendt som reference. I
TABEL 3
Theophyllin-suspension ifølge eksempel 12 (200 mg/5 ml) _Stabilitet af opløsningen__
Tid (timer) 0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 24,00 0 uger 0,00 43,30 59,20 75,60 80,00 84,30 87,70 100,00 3 uger 0,00 39,50 59,10 70,70 77,90 84,20 87,70 99,50 5 uger 0,00 40,00 60,10 69,80 78,20 85,10 85,90 99,00 7 uger 0,00 42,00 63,00 79,20 84,20 90,00 90,60 100,00 15 uger 0,00 45,80 60,90 72,50 80,70 84,90 88,00 99,90
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 32 I
I TABEL 4 I
I Middel theophyllin-plasma-koncentration (// q/ml) I
I Theophyllin- I
I Tid (h) Somophyllin suspension I
I 0,0 0,0 0,0 I
I 0,5 7,98 1,38 I
I 1,0 10,24 3,57 I
I 1,5 8,68 6,09 I
I 2,0 8,17 7,31 I
I 3,0 7,68 8,81 I
I 4,0 5,93 9,75 I
I 6,0 5,25 9,17 I
I 6,5 10,94 9,75 I
I 7,0 11,20 9,08 I
I 7,5 11,75 8,84 I
I B,0 12,37 9,14 I
I 9,0 11,98 8,37 I
I 10,0 10,76 7,52 I
I 12,0 8,99 6,26 I
I Disse data viser klart, at skønt theophyllm-suspensionen I
ifølge eksempel 12 er noget mindre bi o11lgængeli g (87¾) I
I end referencen, er tiden for maksimum og varigheden af sig- I
I nifikant blodniveau indikativ for en to gange daglig dose- I
I 5 ring Den sædvanlige dosering for theophyllin er fire gan- I
I ge pr. dag. I
I EKSEMPLERNE 13 OG 14 I
I Theophy11m-mikroparti kier af typen pharmasomer blev frem- I
I stillet ifølge eksempel 1 og sigtet til opnåelse af to frak- I
33 DK 175329 B1 tioner :
Eksempel 13 - mkropartikler med en middelpartikelstørrel- se på mindre end 90 ^m,
Eksempel 14 - mikrop artlk1 er med en middelpartikelstørrel-5 se på mere end 90 yum.
Pharmasomerne blev suspenderet i følgende medium· % efter vægt 70¾ sorbitol-opløsning B5,3
Avicel RC 591® 0,7 10 Kaiaum-sorbat 0,3
Titandioxid 25¾ (i 70¾ sorbitol) 2,7
Si met hicon® 10% emulsion 0,01
Glycerin 10,8
Citronsyre 0,3 15 Natrium-laurylsulfat 0,04 til dannelse af en suspension indeholdende 300 mg theophyl-lin pr. 5 ml.
Farmakologiske data
Suspensionerne ifølge eksemplerne 13 og 14 blev prøvet for 20 biotilgængelighed på fire patienter med en dosis på 690 mg (11,5 ml) for siruper fra eksempel 13 og 14 i sammenligning med en konventionel sirup (Somophy11in) til opnåelse af to doser på 320 mg ved 0 og 6 timer. Resultaterne er samlet i tabel 5 og fig. 6. I fig. 6 repræsenterer kurven (a) 25 suspensionen fra eksempel 13, medens kurven (b) repræsenterer suspensionen ifølge eksempel 14, og kurven (c) til sammenligning er Somophyllin-sirup.
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 34 I
I TABEL 5 I
I Middel theophyllin-plasma-koncentrationer - ^t/g/ml I
I Suspension Suspension I
I Tid (h) Somophyl1in Fra eks. 13 Fra eks. 14 I
I 0 0 0 0 I
I 0,5 9,53 2,65 1,98 I
I 1 10,14 5,08 4,07 I
I 1,5 9,21 6,94 6,45 I
I 2 8,64 7,16 6,81 I
I 3 7,74 6,93 7,67 I
I 4 6,82 7,74 7,99 I
I 6 5,21 6,46 7,08 I
I 6,5 8,79 I
I 7 12,00 6,74 6,93 I
I 7,5 12,01 I
I 8 12,11 6,03 6,47 I
I 9 11,61 I
I 10 10,17 5,35 5,82 I
I 12 8,07 4,06 5,02 I
I 15 2,77 4,04 I
I 18 2,22 2,67 I
I 21 2,44 1,79 1,95 I
I 24 1,55 1,28 1,59 I
I Resultaterne bekræFter erFarmgerne Fra eksempel 12 som an- I
I givet i Fig 7, hvor kurven (a) repræsenterer suspensionen I
I iFølge eksempel 12, kurven (b) suspensionen iFølge eksem- I
I pel 13, og kurven (c) suspensionen iFølge eksempel 14. I
35 DK 175329 B1 EKSEMPEL 15
Paracetamol-suspension
Paracetamol-pharmasomer fremstillet som angivet i eksempel 2, blev suspenderet i et væskeformigt medium som fremtillet 5 ifølge eksempel 12 til opnåelse af en suspension indeholdende 300 mg paracetamol pr. 5 ml.
Suspensionen blev opbevaret ved stuetemperatur og testet med mellemrum på 30 uger.
Da præparatet blev fremstillet, var indholdet 299,8 mg 10 (paracetamol) pr. 5 ml, og efter 30 uger var det 297,9 mg/5 ml, hvilket viser, at der ikke var noget væsentligt tab af aktivitet.
1 ovennævnte tidsrum blev opløsningshastigheden undersøgt med de i tabel 6 angivne resultater.
TABEL 6
Procent opløsning
Tid (h) 0,00 1-,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 0 uger 0,00 56,50 70,60 76,00 81,30 83,80 86,30 2 uger 0,00 58,40 71,80 80,40 81,70 86,40 87,90 5 uger 0,00 56,90 72,50 77,20 80,40 83,90 84,40 7 uger 0,00 55,30 69,10 75,40 80,30 82,90 84,70 15 uger 0,00 58,90 69,30 76,78 80,60 82,80 84,30 30 uger 0,00 58,10 71,50 76,90 81,90 84,70 87,30
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 36 I
I En grafisk gengivelse af disse resultater fremgår af fig. I
I 8. I
I Suspensionen blev testet for biotilgængelighed på 6 patien- I
I ter ved en dosis på 1000 mg i sammenligning med en referen- I
I 5 ceopløsning (Dozol-eliksir (varemærke)), der blev givet som I
I to opdelte doser af 500 mg Resultaterne fremgår af tabel I
I 7. I
I TABEL 7 I
I Middel paracetamol-plasma-koncentrationer [ jj q/ml) I
I Reference Suspension I
I Tld (h>_(D0ZDL)_fra eks . 15 I
I °>° 0,0 0,0 I
I °>5 7,74 3,44 I
I !»° 6,49 6,05 I
I 2*° 4,14 7,36 I
I 3>° 3,04 5,80 I
I 4’° 2,o4 4,60 I
I 6»° 1,08 3,15 I
I 6»5 5,33 2,65 I
I 7»° 5,88 2,26 I
I 8»° 4,79 1,88 I
I 9>° 4,00 1,63 I
I I0*° 3,05 1,44 I
I 12*° 1,81 1,06 I
I 1ή»0 1,10 0,72 I
I 16>° 0,69 0,49 I
I 24»° 0,18 0,14 I
37 DK 175329 B1
En grafisk gengivelse fremgår af fig. 9, hvor kurven (a) repræsenterer suspensionen ifølge eksempel 15, og kurven (b) er den konventionelle eliksir.
De angivne data viser, at skønt suspensionen ifølge eksem-5 pel 15 er lidt mindre biotilgængelig (90¾) end reference-præparatet, opretholdes blodniveauet næsten to gange så længe, således at doseringen kan ske halvt så hyppigt EKSEMPEL 16
Der blev fremstillet pharmasomer ved fremgangsmåden lføl-10 ge eksempel 2, og de blev suspenderet i en væske som angivet i eksempel 13 til opnåelse af en suspension indeholdende 320 mg pr. 5 ml. Denne suspension blev testet for bio-tilgængelighed på 6 patienter ved hjælp af en konventionel Tylenol® eliksir som reference. En enkelt dosis 15 paracetamol-pharrnasomer, 2000 mg (31,25 ml) blev indgivet, og to doser Tylenol (1000 mg) blev givet efter 0 og 6 timer. Resultaterne er angivet i tabel 8.
I DK 175329 B1 I
i 38 I
I Middel paracetamol-plasma-koncentrationer (/t/q/ml) I
I Tid (h) Reference Suspension I
I (Tylenol-eliksir) fra eks. 16 I
I 0,0 0,0 0,0 I
I 0,5 14,33 8,27 I
I 1,0 14,05 15,09 I
I 2,0 6,69 14,34 I
I 3,0 6,95 13,24 I
I 4,0 4,93 11,53 I
I 4,5 15,53 9,52 I
I 5,0 14,67 8,08 I
I 6,0 12,72 6,10 I
I 7,0 8,92 4,43 I
I 8,0 6,61 3,54 I
I 10,0 3,64 2,43 I
I 12,0 2,17 1,10 I
I 14,0 1,31 1,10 I
I 16,0 o,77 o,68 I
I 24,0 0,02 0,17 I
I Resultaterne er gengivet grafisk i fig. 10, hvor kurven I
(a) svarer til suspensionen ifølge eksempel 16, og kurven I
I (b) svarer til reference-eliksiren. Den forlængede absorp- I
tionsprofil kan atter ses uden væsentligt tab af biotil- I
I 5 gængelighed, hvilket angiver en reduceret dosis-hyppighed- I
I EKSEMPEL 17 I
I Pharmasomer blev fremstillet som angivet i eksempel 2 med I
I celluloseacetat i stedet for celluloseacetat-butyrat. Sus- I
I pensionen blev fremstillet som angivet i eksempel 16. Sus- I
DK 175329 B1 39 pensionen blev testet på 6 patienter for biotilgængelig-hed med en enkelt dosis på 2000 mg i forhold til en referenceopløsning (Tylenol-ellksir) givet som to 1000 mg doser. Resultatet fremgår af tabel 9.
i TABEL 9
Middel paracetamol-plasma-koncentrationer (^q/ml)
Tylenol-eliksir Suspension
Tid (h) 1 g x 2 fra eks 17 2 g x 1 0,0 0,00 0,00 0,5 12,30 5,11 0,75 12,88 7,07 1.0 12,29 9,15 1.5 10,17 12,01 2.0 8,19 12,47 3.0 6,00 11,17 4.0 4,35 9,40 4.5 13,54 8,37 4,75 14,00 8,04 5.0 13,02 7,55 5.5 13,09 6,57 6.0 11,20 5,71 7.0 8,17 4,54 8.0 5,98 3,76 10.0 3,42 2,66 12.0 1,98 1,60 14.0 1,24 1,03 16.0 0,82 0,83 24.0 0,26 0,39
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 40 I
I De i tabel 9 angivne og i fig. 11 og 12 afbillede data I
I viser produktets tidsforsinkende absorptionsegenskaber. I
I I fig. 11 svarer kurve (a) til suspensionen ifølge eksem- I
I pel 19, og kurve (b) er baseret på Tylenol-eliksiren, der I
I 5 er benyttet som reference. I fig. 12 svarer kurven (a) til I
suspensionen ifølge eksempel 15, kurve (b) til suspensionen I
I ifølge eksempel 16, og kurve (c) til suspensionen ifølge I
I eksempel 17. I
I EKSEMPEL 18 I
I 10 Tyggegummi indeholdende mikropartikler af Aspartam blev I
I fremstillet på følgende måde: I
I En intern fase blev fremstillet ved opløsning af ethylcellu- I
I lose (45 cps) i tilstrækkeligt ethanol til dannelse af I
I 200 g opløsning. 100 g Aspartam (partikelstørrelse mindre I
I 15 end 60 ^m) blev dispergeret i 300 g acetone. De to væsker I
I blev derefter blandet ved mekanisk omrøring. Den externe I
I fase blev fremstillet ifølge eksempel 1, idet 2 liter var I
I nødvendig. Den indre og den ydre fase blev blandet ved me- I
I kanisk omrøring og derefter ført gennem en emulgator Emul- I
I 20 sionen blev anbragt i et vakuum, og opløsningsmidlerne (ace- I
I tone og ethanol) blev afdampet. Aspartam/ethylcellulose- I
I mikropartiklerne blev opsamlet ved centrifugering. I
I Til vurdering af de Aspartam-holdige pharmasomer blev an- I
I vendt ikke-sødet tyggegummi. Rent Aspartam-pulver og de I
25 fremstillede pharmasomer blev indført i gummien til opnåel- I
I se af en 0,2% koncentration af Aspartam. Begge gummityper I
I blev tygget af et panel af 24 frivillige i form af et blind- I
I forsøg. De frivillige blev anmodet om at rapportere deres I
I opfattelse af intensiteten (på en skala 0 til 10) og vang- I
I 30 heden af sødheden. I gennemsnit var varigheden af sødheden I
I for det rene Aspartam-holdige gummi 10 minutter, gummi in- I
I deholdende pharmasomer blev opfattet som mindre intens sød, I
41 DK 175329 B1 men sødheden holdt sig i 30 minutter i gennemsnit. Resultaterne fremgår af fig. 13, som er en grafisk gengivelse af prøven for Aspartam-sødhed, angivet ved middelværdier for prøvepanelet på 24 frivillige.
5 EKSEMPEL 19
Tyqqetablet indeholdende paracetamol følgende stoffer blev blandet sammen: 1000 g Paracetamol-pharmasomer - som angivet i eksempel 2 (ækvivalent med 500 g paracetamol) 10 250 g Dipa c® (saccharose 97%, dextnner 3¾) 250 g Mannitol 5 g Kolloidal s 111cium-dioxid 25 g Magnesiumstearat 15 g Orange-aroma 15 35 g Orange-farve
Blandingen blev komprimeret til en vægt på 960 mg i tabletter, hver indeholdende 300 mg paracetamol. Tabletterne var behagelige at tygge, og opløselighedsegenskaberne for phar-masomerne var uforandret som vist i tabel 10 og fig. 14.
TABEL 10
Opløsninqshastiqhed
Tid (h) Pharmasomer Tabletter 1 58,7% 59,2% ? 79,8% 80,7% 6 95,6% 95,8%
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 42 I
I I fig. 14 svarer kurve (a) til opløselighedsmønstret for I
I pharmasomerne ifølge eksempel 19, og kurve (b) til den her- I
I af fremstillede tyggetablet. I
I EKSEMPEL 20 I
I 5 Smelte-tabletter indeholdende paracetamol I
I Smelte-tabletter er af samme art som tyggetabletter med I
I den ændring, at de nedbrydes hurtigt i munden og ikke be- I
I høver at blive tygget. Sådanne tabletter blev fremstillet I
I på følgende måde* I
I 10 1000 g Paracetamol-pharmasomer (ifølge eksempel 2) (ækviva- I
I lent med 500 g paracetamol) I
I 50 g Mannitol I
I 250 g Mik rokrystallinsk cellulose I
I 30 g Jordbær-aroma I
I 15 15 g Rød farve I
I 60 g Cross-Povidone I
I 5 g Natnumlaurylsulfat I
I 30 g Carboxymethyl-stivelse I
I 15 g Magnesiumstearat I
I 20 15 g Talkum I
I Blandingen blev komprimeret til en vægt på B82 mg til op- I
I nåelse af tabletter, som hver indeholdt 300 mg paracetamol. I
I Nedbrydningstiden for tabletterne var mindre end 30 sekun- I
I der, og opløselighedshastigheden for pharmasomerne var u- I
I 25 forandret som angivet i tabel 11 og fig. 15. I
43 DK 175329 B1 TABEL 11
Opløsninqshastiqhed
Tid (h) Pharmasomer Tabletter 1 58,7¾ 60,1¾ 3 79,8¾ 81,2¾ 6 95,6¾ 95,5¾ I fig. 15 svarer kurve (a) til opløselighedsmønstret for pharmasomerne ifølge eksempel 20, og kurve (b) til smelte-tabletterne, der er fremstillet heraf.
EKSEMPEL 21 5 Kapsel indeholdende nifedipin
Pharmasomer blev fremstillet som angivet i eksempel 3.
I den foreliggende form var de frit strømmende, og det var tilstrækkeligt at tilsætte 0,5¾ magnesiumstearat til forhindring af sammenbagning under fyldning af kapsler En 10 mængde svarende til 20 mg nifedipin blev indkapslet i størrelse nr. 4 af todelte hårde gelatinekapsler. Opløselig-hedshastlgheden forblev uforandret som vist i tabel 12 og fig. 16. I fig. 16 svarer kurve (a) til opløselighedsmønstret for pharmasomerne ifølge eksempel 21, og kurve 15 (b) til de heraf fremstillede kapsler.
I DK 175329 B1 I
I 44 I
I TABEL 12 I
I Qpløsmnqshastiqhed I
I Tid (h) Pharmasomer Kapsler I
I 0,5 42,6¾ 41,7¾ I
I 1 56,1¾ 54,9¾ I
I 3 74,6¾ 73,6¾ I
I 5 85,9¾ 84,4¾ I
I 8 98,7¾ 97,6¾ I
I Det antages, at det polymere stof i det væsentlige, men
I ikke helt, overtrækker den aktive bestanddel, fordi en 100¾ I
I frigivelse af den aktive bestanddel kan opnås, selv Om der I
I anvendes et uopløseligt polymert stof. Dette skal dog ikke I
I 6 opfattes som en teoretisk forklaring på opfindelsen. H
I EKSEMPEL 22 I
I Ikke-vandiq suspension af kaliumchlond I
I En ikke-vandig suspension af kaliumchlorid indeholdende I
I pharmasomer blev fremstillet med en koncentration af kalium- I
I 10 chlond på 300 mg/5 ml, og som foruden pharmasomerne inde- I
I holdt følgende bestanddele: I
I Olie USP (soja eller bomuldsfrø) 425,00 ml I
I Sorbitol Powder USP 100,00 g I
I Aerosil R 972® 12,50 g I
I 15 Tenox GT 1® 0,20 g I
I Citronsyre 0,025 g I
I Chokolade-aroma # 396676 0,52 g I
45 DK 175329 B1
Chokolade-mynte-aroma # 395496 0,37 ml
Aroma-aktivator 1,00 g
Brown Lake-farvestof 0,05 g
Titandioxid 0,10 g 5 Det totale rumfang af suspensionen med pharmasomerne var 500 ml.
Sorbitolpulver USP og Aerosil R 97^ blev blan det tørt og derefter formalet i kuglemølle med olieblan- (3) dmgen til dannelse af en jævn dispersion. Tenox GT Jr·* t 10 som er et antioxidant, og citronsyren blev blandet tørt og derefter dispergeret under konstant omrøring i o-lieblandingen. Chokoladen og chokolade-mynte-aromaen og aroma-aktivatoren blev derefter dispergeret i olieblandin-gen. Til slut blev Brown Lake-farvestof og titandioxid 15 tilsat til oliebland ingen,og den således dannede blanding blev omrørt i 1 time til sikring af jævn dispersion af de forskellige bestanddele. En mængde kallumchlond-holdige pharmasomer, fremstillet ifølge den i eksempel 1 angivne procedure, hvor dog kaliumchlond blev anvendt i stedet 20 for theophyllin, og svarende til 300 mg kallumchlorid pr.
5 ml, blev blandet sammen med olieblandingen til opnåelse af en jævnt blandet suspension.
Claims (15)
- 2. Pulver ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at I I 30 partiklerne har en middelpartikelstørrelse på 5 til 100 I I pm I DK 175329 B1
- 3. Pulver ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at den aktive bestanddel er et lægemiddel, et næringsmiddel, et aromastof eller et sødemiddel.
- 5. Pulver ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at den aktive bestanddel er et farvestof, et duftmiddel, et herbicid eller et pesticid
- 5. Pulver ifølge ethvert af kravene 1 til 4, 10 kendetegnet ved, at den polymere er udvalgt blandt* alkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose, cellulo-seethere, celluloseestere, nitrocellulose, polymere af acrylsyre og methacrylsyre og estere deraf, polyamider, pol ycarbonater, pol yal kyl ener, pol yal kyl engl ycol er, po-15 lyal kyl enoxider, pol yal kyl enterephthalat, polyvmylalko -hol, pol yvmyl et here, polyvinyl estere, pol yvinyl halogeni -der, pol yvinyl pyrrol idon, pol ygl ycol ider, pol ysiloxaner og polyurethaner eller copolymere deraf.
- 20. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af det farmaceutiske eller spiselige pulverformige præparat ifølge krav 1 til 5, kendetegnet ved, at den omfatter følgende trin. 25 a) dannelse af en opløsning af det eller de polymere stoffer i et opløsningsmiddel, b) opløsning eller dispergenng af den aktive bestanddel i den nævnte polymere opløsning til dannelse af en 30 ensartet blanding, og I DK 175329 B1 I I 48 I c) fjernelse af opløsningsmidlet fra blandingen til op- I I nåelse af mi kro parti kl er med et middel parti kel s tør- I I relse på 0,1 til 125 pm. I I 5 7 Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 6, kendetegnet I I ved, at de opnåede partikler har en middel parti kel s tør- I I relse på 5 til 100 pm. I
- 8. Fremgangmåde ifølge krav 6 eller 7, I I 10 kendetegnet ved, at der som opløsningsmiddel I I anvendes vand, alkoholer, ketoner, halogenerede alifati- I I ske forbindelser, halogenerede aromatiske carbonhydnder, I I aromatiske carbonhydnder eller cycliske ethere eller I I blandinger deraf, og at opløsningsmidlet fjernes i trin I I 15 (c) ved forstøvningstørring, idet der anvendes en ydre I I væskefase, faseseparation, interfacial pol ymer-deposition I eller coacervation. I I 9 Anvendelse af et pulver med kontrolleret frigivelses- I I 20 hastighed som angivet i ethvert af kravene 1 til 5 til I I fremstilling af tabletter, kapsler, suppositorier, lm- I I plantater, okulare indsætninger, tyggetabletter, smelte- I I tabletter, en creme, en salve, et præparat egnet til I I transdermal påføring, en væske til oral, lokal eller par- I I 25 enteral indgift, øjendråber, næsedråber, øredråber, en I I suspension, en sirup eller en infusion eller en injicer- I bar opløsning I
- 10. Farmaceutisk præparat ifølge ethvert af kravene 8 til I 30 9, kendetegnet ved, at den aktive bestanddel I I er udvalgt blandt· lbuprofen, paracetamol, 5-amino- I I salicylsyre, dextromethorphan, propranolol, theophyllin, I I diltiazem, methyldopa, pseudoephednn, cimetidin, cepha- I DK 175329 B1 lexin, cephaclor, cephradin, naproxen, piroxicam, diaze-pam, diclofenac, mdomethacin, amoxycillin, pivampicil -lin, bacampicillin, dichloxacillin, erythromycin, lmco-mycm, co-dergocrm-mesylat, doxycyclm, dipyndamol, 5. rus emid, t riamt eren, sulindac, nifedipin, atenolol, erythromycin-stea rat, lorazepam, glibenclamid, sal buta -mol, trimethopnm/sulphamethoxazol, spironolacton, carbi-noxamin-maleat, guaiphenesin og metoprololtartrat.
- 11. Farmaceutisk præparat ifølge krav 9 til oral indgift, kendet egnet ved, at den aktive bestanddel er theophyllin, paracetamol eller kaliumchlorid.
- 12 Anvendelse af et pulver med kontrolleret frigivelses -15 hastighed ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-5 til fremstilling af et oralt præparat til indgift på mennesker eller dyr, i det væsentlige befriet for smagen af den aktive bestanddel, fortrinsvis i form af en væske, en tyggetablet, en smeltetablet, et skum, en gel eller et gummi. 20
- 13. Anvendelse af mi kro parti kl er ifølge krav 1 indeholdende sødemidlet aspartam til fremstilling af tyggegummi.
- 14. Anvendelse af pulver, hvor den aktive bestanddel har 25 form af mikropartikler med kontrolleret f ngivelsesha- stighed ifølge ethvert af kravene 1 til 5 til fremstilling af ikke-vandig suspension af i vand 1 etopl øsel ige eller uopløselige aktive bestanddele. 1
- 15. Ikke-vandig suspension ifølge krav 14, kendet egnet ved, at den i vand 1 etopl øsel ige aktive bestanddel er udvalgt blandt dextromethorphan, I DK 175329 B1 I I 50 I I guaiphenesm og pseudo ephednn og salte deraf samt ka- I I liumchlond I I 16 Anvendelse af et pulver med kontrolleret frigivelses- I I 5 hastighed ifølge ethvert af kravene 1 til 5 til fremstil- I I ling af et antibiotisk præparat med kontrolleret fngi- I I vel s es hastighed, i det væsentlige fri for smagen af det I I antibiotiske stof, til farmaceutisk eller veterinær an- I I vendelse I I 10 I
- 17. Anvendelse ifølge krav 16, kendetegnet I I ved, at pulveret har form af en ikke-vandig suspension I I eller en rekonstituerbar vandig suspension. I
- 18. Pulver ifølge krav 1-5 med kontrolleret frigivelses- I I hastighed og indeholdende micro parti kl er, I I kendetegnet ved, at micropartiklerne ikke in- I I deholder nogen excipienter, og at matricen er så bestan- I I dig, at den forbliver i hovedsagen intakt efter fngivel- I I 20 se af den aktive bestanddel I I 19 Anvendelse af pulver ifølge krav 18 til fremstilling I I af oralt præparat i form af en tyggetablet eller et tyg- I I gegummi indeholdende micromatncen med tilstrækkelig me- I I 25 kanisk eller kemisk stabilitet til at modstå nedbrydning I I under tygningen af tabletten I
- 20. Anvendelse af et præparat som angivet i krav 18 til I I fremstilling af topisk præparat fortrinsvis i form som en I I 30 creme, en salve, et skum, en gel, en pasta, en gummi, en I I slimet masse (mucilage), en gelé, en lotion, et talkum- I I pulver eller et præparat til transdermal indgift. I
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IE278884 | 1984-10-30 | ||
IE278884A IE58110B1 (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1984-10-30 | Controlled release powder and process for its preparation |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK495585D0 DK495585D0 (da) | 1985-10-29 |
DK495585A DK495585A (da) | 1986-05-01 |
DK175329B1 true DK175329B1 (da) | 2004-08-23 |
Family
ID=11036490
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK198504955A DK175329B1 (da) | 1984-10-30 | 1985-10-29 | Pulver med kontrolleret frigivelseshastighed, fremgangsmåde til fremstilling og anvendelse af dette |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US4940588A (da) |
JP (1) | JP2820239B2 (da) |
AU (1) | AU579415B2 (da) |
BE (2) | BE903541Q (da) |
CA (1) | CA1268051A (da) |
CH (1) | CH669728A5 (da) |
DE (1) | DE3538429C2 (da) |
DK (1) | DK175329B1 (da) |
FR (1) | FR2572282B1 (da) |
GB (1) | GB2166651B (da) |
HK (1) | HK44091A (da) |
IE (1) | IE58110B1 (da) |
IT (1) | IT1185831B (da) |
NL (1) | NL193582C (da) |
SE (1) | SE8505099L (da) |
ZA (1) | ZA858300B (da) |
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-
1984
- 1984-10-30 IE IE278884A patent/IE58110B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-10-24 CH CH4590/85A patent/CH669728A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-29 FR FR858516065A patent/FR2572282B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1985-10-29 DK DK198504955A patent/DK175329B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-29 IT IT67913/85A patent/IT1185831B/it active
- 1985-10-29 ZA ZA858300A patent/ZA858300B/xx unknown
- 1985-10-29 NL NL8502951A patent/NL193582C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-29 AU AU49161/85A patent/AU579415B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-10-29 JP JP60242585A patent/JP2820239B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-29 DE DE3538429A patent/DE3538429C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-29 CA CA000494130A patent/CA1268051A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-29 BE BE0/215789A patent/BE903541Q/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-29 BE BE0/215788A patent/BE903540A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-29 SE SE8505099A patent/SE8505099L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-10-29 GB GB08526591A patent/GB2166651B/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-03-17 US US07/171,131 patent/US4940588A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-17 US US07/169,447 patent/US4952402A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-07-09 US US07/537,065 patent/US5354556A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-06-06 HK HK440/91A patent/HK44091A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL193582C (nl) | 2000-03-02 |
AU4916185A (en) | 1986-05-08 |
US4940588A (en) | 1990-07-10 |
US5354556A (en) | 1994-10-11 |
GB8526591D0 (en) | 1985-12-04 |
CA1268051A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
FR2572282B1 (fr) | 1989-03-31 |
ZA858300B (en) | 1986-07-30 |
IE58110B1 (en) | 1993-07-14 |
JP2820239B2 (ja) | 1998-11-05 |
GB2166651B (en) | 1988-11-16 |
US4952402A (en) | 1990-08-28 |
DE3538429A1 (de) | 1986-04-30 |
FR2572282A1 (fr) | 1986-05-02 |
SE8505099D0 (sv) | 1985-10-29 |
NL193582B (nl) | 1999-11-01 |
CH669728A5 (da) | 1989-04-14 |
DK495585D0 (da) | 1985-10-29 |
BE903541Q (fr) | 1986-02-17 |
DK495585A (da) | 1986-05-01 |
JPS61109711A (ja) | 1986-05-28 |
GB2166651A (en) | 1986-05-14 |
HK44091A (en) | 1991-06-14 |
BE903540A (fr) | 1986-02-17 |
SE8505099L (sv) | 1986-05-01 |
IT8567913A0 (it) | 1985-10-29 |
IT1185831B (it) | 1987-11-18 |
NL8502951A (nl) | 1986-05-16 |
AU579415B2 (en) | 1988-11-24 |
DE3538429C2 (de) | 1996-10-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUP | Patent expired |