CN115996677A - 具有分段柔性驱动布置的外科器械 - Google Patents

具有分段柔性驱动布置的外科器械 Download PDF

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CN115996677A
CN115996677A CN202180055429.9A CN202180055429A CN115996677A CN 115996677 A CN115996677 A CN 115996677A CN 202180055429 A CN202180055429 A CN 202180055429A CN 115996677 A CN115996677 A CN 115996677A
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drive
surgical
end effector
firing member
firing
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G·J·巴克斯
B·D·迪克森
R·J·西姆斯
T·W·阿伦霍尔特
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Cilag GmbH International
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Abstract

本发明公开了具有可轴向移动的击发构件的外科器械,所述可轴向移动的击发构件由驱动部件的系列驱动,所述驱动部件当横穿所述外科器械的关节运动接头时彼此松弛地联结。所述驱动部件被构造成连续地接合位于所述关节运动接头远侧的旋转驱动构件,使得所述旋转驱动构件导致所述驱动部件形成所述驱动部件的轴向刚性系列,所述轴向刚性系列被构造成能够向所述击发构件施加轴向驱动运动。

Description

具有分段柔性驱动布置的外科器械
相关申请的交叉引用
本非临时申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求2020年7月28日提交的名称为“SURGICALINSTRUMENTS WITH TORSION SPINE DRIVE ARRANGEMENTS”的美国临时专利申请序列号63/057,430、2020年7月28日提交的名称为“ARTICULATION JOINT ARRANGEMENTS FORSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国临时专利申请序列号63/057,432的权益,这些专利申请的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
本发明涉及外科器械,并且在各种布置结构中,涉及被设计成缝合和切割组织的外科缝合和切割器械以及与它们一起使用的钉仓。外科器械可被构造用于开放式外科手术中,但也可应用于其他类型的手术中,诸如腹腔镜手术、内窥镜手术和机器人辅助手术,并且可包括可相对于器械的轴部分进行关节运动以便于在患者体内精确定位的端部执行器。
附图说明
各种方面的新型特征在随附权利要求书中具体阐述。然而,关于组织和操作方法两者的所述方面可通过结合附图参照以下描述最好地理解,其中:
图1是根据本公开的至少一个方面的外科器械的外科端部执行器部分的透视图;
图2是处于闭合取向的图1的器械的外科端部执行器部分的侧视图;
图3是图2的外科端部执行器的端视图;
图4是图2的外科端部执行器的顶视图;
图5是图1的外科器械的一部分的分解组件视图;
图6是图1的外科器械的细长轴组件的分解组件视图;
图7是图6的细长轴组件的另一个分解组件视图;
图8是根据本公开的至少一个方面的击发系统和旋转驱动系统的分解组件视图;
图9是与图8的旋转驱动系统的旋转驱动螺杆接合的击发系统的击发构件、上部柔性脊组件和下部柔性脊组件的侧视图;
图10是图9的击发构件以及上部柔性脊组件和下部柔性脊组件的横截面视图;
图11是与图9的旋转驱动螺杆接合的击发构件以及上部柔性脊组件和下部柔性脊组件的侧视图;
图12是沿着图4的线12-12截取的图4的外科端部执行器的横截面端视图;
图13是图10的上部柔性脊组件的两个相邻上部椎骨构件的分解透视图;
图14是图10的下部柔性脊组件的两个相邻下部椎骨构件的分解透视图;
图15是与图9的旋转驱动螺杆接合的击发构件以及上部柔性脊组件和下部柔性脊组件的顶视图;
图16是处于关节运动取向的图8的旋转驱动系统的CV驱动轴组件的透视图;
图17是根据本公开的至少一个方面的与图16的CV驱动轴组件驱动接合的图8的击发系统的透视图;
图18是图16的轴组件的CV驱动轴组件的驱动接头的透视图;
图19是沿着图4的线19-19截取的图4的外科器械的一部分的横截面视图;
图20是图1的外科器械的外科端部执行器的近侧端部部分以及击发系统和旋转驱动系统的部分的局部透视图;
图21是根据本公开的至少一个方面的图1的外科器械的与其击发系统驱动接合的旋转驱动系统的透视图;
图22是图21的击发系统的旋转驱动螺杆和推力轴承布置的分解透视图;
图23是图22的旋转驱动螺杆的侧视图;
图24是与旋转驱动螺杆的一部分驱动接合的图21的下部柔性脊组件的一部分和击发构件的一部分的局部横截面侧视图;
图25是在外科器械的外科端部执行器内处于图1的原始或起始位置的击发构件的透视图;
图26是示出在击发构件已被从原始或起始位置向远侧驱动之后与旋转驱动螺杆驱动接合的图21的上部柔性脊组件和下部柔性脊组件的侧视图;
图27是根据本公开的至少一个方面的图1的外科器械的外科端部执行器、击发系统和旋转驱动系统的一部分的局部剖视透视图,其中为了清楚起见省略了关节运动接头的外部弹性体接头组件;
图28是图27的外科端部执行器、击发系统和旋转驱动系统的一部分的另一个局部透视图,其中为清楚起见省略了关节运动接头的外部弹性体接头组件和细长轴组件的部分;
图29是根据本公开的至少一个方面的在第一方向上相对于细长轴组件的一部分进行关节运动的图27的外科端部执行器的顶视图;
图30是根据本公开的至少一个方面的在另一个方向上相对于细长轴组件的一部分进行关节运动的图29的外科端部执行器的侧视图;
图31是根据本公开的至少一个方面的在多个平面中相对于细长轴组件的一部分进行关节运动的图29的外科端部执行器的透视图;
图32是根据本公开的至少一个方面的采用另一个外部弹性体接头组件的另一个外科器械的一部分的侧正视图;
图33是图32的外科器械的局部横截面透视图;
图34是图32的外部弹性体接头组件的一部分的透视图;
图35是沿着图19的线35-35截取的图19的外科器械的一部分的横截面端视图;
图36是沿着图19的线36-36截取的图19的外科器械的一部分的横截面端视图;
图37是根据本公开的至少一个方面的图19的外科器械的砧座顶盖和上部椎骨构件的一部分的局部横截面透视图;
图38是根据本公开的至少一个方面的图19的外科器械的外科端部执行器的一部分的侧视图,其中该外科端部执行器的砧座处于打开位置,并且为了清楚起见省略了外科端部执行器的一些部分;
图39是根据本公开的至少一个方面的图38的外科端部执行器的局部横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于打开位置并且击发构件处于原始或起始位置;
图40是图39的外科端部执行器的另一个横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于闭合位置;
图41是图39的外科端部执行器的另一个局部横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于完全闭合位置并且击发构件向远侧推进穿过外科端部执行器;
图42是图19的外科端部执行器的局部侧正视图,其中为了清楚起见省略了该外科端部执行器的一些部分,以示出向砧座施加打开运动的砧座打开弹簧,并且其中击发构件处于原始或起始位置;
图43是在击发构件已向近侧移动一段短距离以向砧座施加快速闭合运动以便达到抓持目的之后的图42的外科端部执行器的另一个局部侧视图;
图44是图19的外科端部执行器的横截面视图,其中该外科端部执行器的钳口处于闭合位置并且该外科端部执行器的击发构件处于最近侧位置;
图45是在击发构件已向远侧推进到外科端部执行器内的结束位置之后的图44的外科端部执行器的另一个横截面视图;
图46是另一个外科器械的一部分的透视图;
图47是图46的外科器械的外科端部执行器的侧正视图,其中该端部执行器的钳口处于打开位置;
图48是图48的外科端部执行器的另一个侧视图,其中该外科端部执行器的钳口处于闭合位置;
图49是图46的外科器械的一部分的分解组件视图;
图50是图46的外科器械的击发系统的击发构件以及上部柔性脊组件和下部柔性脊组件的部分的透视图;
图51是图50中描绘的击发系统的部分的横截面侧视图;
图52是图51中描绘的上部柔性脊组件和下部柔性脊组件的局部分解组件视图;
图53是图50中描绘的击发构件的上部部分的局部横截面端视图;
图54是图46的外科器械的外科端部执行器的横截面侧视图,其中该外科端部执行器的钳口处于闭合位置;
图55是图46的外科器械的可移动外骨骼组件的环形肋构件的近侧面的视图;
图56是图55的环形肋构件的远侧面的视图;
图57是图55和图56的环形肋构件的侧视图;
图58是图46的外科器械的一部分的局部横截面视图;
图59是图46的外科器械的关节运动接头的侧视图,此时该外科器械的外科端部执行器处于非关节运动位置;
图60是图59的关节运动接头的另一个侧视图,此时外科端部执行器处于关节运动位置;
图61是图46的外科器械的一部分的局部透视图,其中为清楚起见省略了外科端部执行器;
图62是图46的外科器械的一部分的另一个局部透视图;
图63是图46的外科器械的一部分的另一个局部透视图;
图64是图46的外科器械的细长轴组件的一部分和CV驱动轴组件的透视图;
图65是图64的CV驱动轴组件和细长轴组件的另一个透视图,其中驱动覆盖件实施方案安装在该CV驱动轴组件周围;
图66是图64的CV驱动轴组件和细长轴组件的另一个透视图,其中另一个驱动覆盖件实施方案安装在该CV驱动轴组件周围;
图67是图64的CV驱动轴组件和细长轴组件的另一个透视图,其中另一个驱动覆盖件实施方案安装在该CV驱动轴组件周围;
图68是图46的外科器械的击发系统的一部分的侧视图,其中图67的驱动覆盖件安装在CV驱动轴组件周围;
图69是图68的击发系统和驱动覆盖件的一部分的另一个侧视图;
图70是另一个外科器械的一部分的横截面视图;
图71是图70的外科器械的外科端部执行器的横截面端视图;
图72是与图70的外科器械的驱动部件接合的旋转驱动螺母的横截面侧视图;
图73是另一个外科器械的外科端部执行器的局部侧视图,该外科器械采用一系列柔性连接驱动部件来驱动击发构件穿过该外科端部执行器;
图74是在与外科端部执行器中的旋转驱动齿轮接合之前的图73的外科器械的一系列柔性连接驱动部件的一部分的侧视图;
图75是在与旋转驱动齿轮接合以形成驱动部件的刚性系列之后的图74的驱动部件的该部分的另一个侧视图;
图76是图74的外科器械的旋转驱动系统的局部横截面视图,其中一系列柔性驱动部件中的部件与其旋转驱动齿轮驱动接合;
图77是另一个外科器械的旋转击发系统和击发构件的一部分的侧视图;
图78是另一个外科器械的旋转击发系统和击发构件的一部分的侧视图;
图79是另一个外科器械的旋转击发系统和击发构件的一部分的侧视图;
图80是另一个外科器械的局部视图,该外科器械采用旋转驱动击发系统来驱动击发构件穿过外科端部执行器,其中该外科端部执行器的砧座处于打开位置;
图81是图80的外科器械和端部执行器的另一个局部侧视图,其中该端部执行器的砧座处于闭合位置;
图82是图80的外科器械的旋转驱动击发系统的部分的透视图;
图83是图82中所描绘的旋转驱动击发系统的一部分的顶视图;
图84是图83的旋转驱动击发系统的引导构件和旋转驱动轴的透视图;
图85是可与图83的击发驱动系统一起使用的另一个柔性击发驱动组件的一部分的透视图;并且
图86是可与图83的击发驱动系统一起使用的另一个柔性击发驱动组件实施方案的一部分的另一个透视图。
具体实施方式
本申请的申请人拥有与本申请于同一日期提交且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下美国专利申请:
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH torsion spine drive arrangements”的美国专利申请,代理人案卷号END9248USNP1/200084-1;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH FIRING MEMBER CLOSURE FEATURES”的美国专利申请,代理人案卷号END9248USNP2/200084-2;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH FLEXIBLE BALL CHAIN DRIVEARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请,代理人案卷号END9248USNP4/200084-4;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS with DOUBLE SPHERICAL ARTICULATIONJOINTs with pivotable links”的美国专利申请,
代理人案卷号END9248USNP5/200084-5;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS with DOUBLE pivot ARTICULATION JOINTARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请,
代理人案卷号END9248USNP6/200084-6;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS with combination function ARTICULATIONJOINT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请,
代理人案卷号END9248USNP7/200084-7;
-名称为“METHOD OF OPERATING A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请,代理人案卷号END9248USNP8/200084-8M;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH DUAL SPHERICAL ARTICULATION JOINTARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请,
代理人案卷号end9248usnp9/200084-9;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH FLEXIBLE FIRING MEMBER ACTUATORCONSTRAINT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请,代理人案卷号END9248USNP10/200084-10;
-名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATION JOINTSCOMPRISING FLEXIBLE EXOSKELETON ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请,代理人案卷号END9248USNP11/200084-11;以及
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH DIFFERENTIAL ARTICULATION JOINTARRANGEMENTS FOR ACCOMMODATING FLEXIBLE ACTUATORS”的美国专利申请,代理人案卷号END9248USNP12/200084-12。
本文列出了许多具体细节,以提供对说明书中所述和附图中所示的实施方案的整体结构、功能、制造和用途的透彻理解。没有详细描述熟知的操作、部件和元件,以免使说明书中描述的实施方案模糊不清。读者将会理解,本文所述和所示的实施方案为非限制性示例,从而可认识到,本文所公开的特定结构和功能细节可为代表性和例示性的。在不脱离权利要求的范围的情况下,可对这些实施方案进行变型和改变。
术语“包括(comprise)”(以及“包括(comprise)”的任何形式,诸如“包括(comprises)”和“包括(comprising)”)、“具有(have)”(以及“具有(have)”的任何形式,诸如“具有(has)”和“具有(having)”)、“包含(include)”(以及“包含(include)”的任何形式,诸如“包含(includes)”和“包含(including)”)、以及“含有(contain)”(以及“含有(contain)”的任何形式,诸如“含有(contains)”和“含有(containing)”)为开放式系动词。因此,“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多个元件的外科系统、装置、或设备具有这些一个或多个元件,但不限于仅具有这些一个或多个元件。同样,“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多个特征部的系统、装置、或设备的元件具有那些一个或多个特征部,但不限于仅具有那些一个或多个特征部。
术语“近侧”和“远侧”在本文中是相对于操纵外科器械的柄部部分的临床医生来使用的。术语“近侧”是指最靠近临床医生的部分,术语“远侧”是指远离临床医生定位的部分。还应当理解,为简洁和清楚起见,本文可结合附图使用诸如“竖直”、“水平”、“上”和“下”等空间术语。然而,外科器械在许多取向和方位中使用,并且这些术语并非是限制性的和/或绝对的。
对单数的项目的引用应被理解为包括复数的项目,反之亦然,除非另有明确说明或从文本中清楚可见。语法连接词旨在表达连接的从句、句子、字词等的任何和所有转折和连接组合,除非另有说明或从上下文清楚可见。因此,术语“或”通常应被理解为是指“和/或”等。
除非本文另外指明,否则本文列举的数值范围并不是旨在进行限制,而是单独地指属于该范围内的任何或所有值,并且在此范围内的每个单独的值就像在本文中个别地引用那样并入本公开。当伴随数值时,字词“约”、“大约”等应被解释为指示如本领域普通技术人员将理解的偏差,以令人满意地用于预期目的。类似地,当参考物理特性使用时,近似字词诸如“大约”或“基本上”应被解释为设想了本领域普通技术人员将理解的偏差范围,以令人满意地用于对应的用途、功能、目的等。
本文所提供的任何和全部示例或示例性语言(“例如”、“诸如”等)仅仅旨在更好地举例说明实施方案,而并不用来限制实施方案的范围。说明书中的任何语言都不应理解为表示任何不受权利要求书保护的要素是实施实施方案所必需的。
提供各种示例性装置和方法以用于执行腹腔镜式和微创外科手术。然而,读者将容易理解,本文所公开的各种方法和装置可用于多种外科手术和应用中,包括例如与开放式外科手术结合。继续参阅本具体实施方式,读者将进一步理解,本文所公开的各种器械能够以任何方式插入体内,诸如通过自然腔道、通过成形于组织中的切口或穿刺孔等。器械的工作部分或端部执行器部分可直接插入患者体内或者可通过具有工作通道的进入装置插入,外科器械的端部执行器和细长轴可通过所述工作通道推进。
在各种腹腔镜外科手术期间,通常的做法是通过已安装在患者的腹壁中的套管针插入外科器械的外科端部执行器部分,以触及位于患者腹部内的外科部位。在其最简单的形式中,套管针是在一端具有尖锐的三角形点的笔形器械,其通常在被称为插管或套管的中空管内部使用,以形成进入身体的开口,外科端部执行器可通过该开口引入。这种布置形成进入体腔的入口,外科端部执行器可通过该入口插入。套管针的插管的内径不可避免地限制可通过套管针插入的外科器械的端部执行器和驱动支承轴的尺寸。
无论所执行的外科手术的具体类型如何,一旦外科端部执行器通过套管针插管插入患者体内,通常需要相对于定位在套管针插管内的轴组件移动外科端部执行器,以便相对于待处理的组织或器官适当地定位外科端部执行器。外科端部执行器相对于保持在套管针插管内的轴部分的这种移动或定位通常被称为外科端部执行器的“关节运动”。已开发多种关节运动接头来将外科端部执行器附接到相关联的轴,以便于外科端部执行器的这种关节运动。可以预期,在许多外科手术中,希望采用具有尽可能大的关节运动范围的外科端部执行器。
由于套管针插管的尺寸所施加的尺寸约束,关节运动接头部件的尺寸必须设定成以便自由地通过套管针插管插入。这些尺寸约束还限制了各种驱动构件和部件的尺寸和组成,该驱动构件和部件与被支撑在外壳中的马达和/或其他控制系统可操作地相接,该外壳可为手持式的或包括较大自动化系统的一部分。在许多情况下,这些驱动构件必须可操作地穿过关节运动接头以可操作地耦接到外科端部执行器或与外科端部执行器可操作地相接。例如,一个此类驱动构件通常用于向外科端部执行器施加关节运动控制运动。在使用期间,关节运动驱动构件可以未被致动以将外科端部执行器定位在非关节运动位置以便于将外科端部执行器通过套管针插入,然后被致动以在外科端部执行器进入患者体内时使外科端部执行器关节运动到期望位置。
因此,上述尺寸约束对开发关节运动系统构成了许多挑战,所述关节运动系统可实现期望关节运动范围,还适合操作外科端部执行器的各个特征部所需的多种不同驱动系统。此外,一旦外科端部执行器已定位在期望的关节运动位置,在端部执行器的致动和外科手术的完成期间,关节运动系统和关节运动接头必须能够将外科端部执行器保持在该锁定位置。此类关节运动接头布置还必须能够承受在使用期间端部执行器所经历的外力。
存在被构造成能够切割和缝合组织的多种外科端部执行器。此类外科端部执行器通常包括支撑外科钉仓的第一钳口特征部和包括砧座的第二钳口。钳口相对于彼此被支撑,使得它们能够在打开位置与闭合位置之间运动,以将目标组织定位在其间并夹持该目标组织。这些外科端部执行器中的许多外科端部执行器采用轴向移动击发构件。在一些端部执行器设计中,击发构件被构造成能够接合第一钳口和第二钳口,使得当该击发构件初始向远侧推进时,该击发构件将钳口移动到闭合位置。其他端部执行器设计采用独立于且不同于操作击发构件的系统的单独闭合系统。
钉仓包括仓体。仓体包括近侧端部、远侧端部和在近侧端部与远侧端部之间延伸的平台。在使用中,钉仓被定位在待缝合的组织的第一侧上,并且砧座被定位在组织的第二侧上。砧座朝向钉仓移动以将组织压缩并抵靠平台夹持。然后,可移除地储存在仓体中的钉可被部署到组织中。仓体包括限定于仓体中的钉腔,其中钉可移除地储存在钉腔中。钉腔被布置成六个纵向排。三排钉腔被定位在纵向狭槽的第一侧上且三排钉腔被定位在纵向狭槽的第二侧上。钉腔和钉的其他布置结构也是可能的。
钉由仓体中的钉驱动器支撑。驱动器能够在第一或非击发位置和第二或击发位置之间运动,以从钉仓射出钉。驱动器通过保持器保留在仓体中,所述保持器围绕仓体的底部延伸并且包括被构造成能够抓持仓体以及将保持器保持至仓体的弹性构件。驱动器能够通过滑动件在其非击发位置与其击发位置之间运动。滑动件能够在与近侧端部相邻的近侧位置和与远侧端部相邻的远侧位置之间运动。滑动件包括多个斜坡表面,该斜坡表面被构造成能够朝向砧座在驱动器下方滑动以及提升驱动器,并且钉在驱动器上受到支撑。
除上述以外,在这些外科端部执行器中,滑动件通过击发构件朝远侧移动。击发构件被构造成能够接触滑动件并朝向远侧端部推动滑动件。限定于仓体中的纵向狭槽被构造成能够接纳击发构件。砧座还包括被构造成能够接纳击发构件的狭槽。击发构件还包括接合第一钳口的第一凸轮和接合第二钳口的第二凸轮。随着击发构件朝远侧推进,第一凸轮和第二凸轮可控制钉仓的平台和砧座之间的距离或组织间隙。击发构件还包括被构造成能够切入在钉仓和砧座中间捕获的组织的刀。希望刀定位成至少部分接近斜坡表面,使得钉先于刀被射出。
许多外科端部执行器采用可轴向移动的击发梁,该击发梁附接到击发构件并且用于向该击发构件施加轴向击发和回缩运动。许多此类击发梁包括层压构造,该层压构造使得击发梁围绕关节运动接头具有一定程度的挠曲。当击发梁横穿关节运动接头时,该击发梁可将脱离关节运动力施加到接头并且可导致梁屈曲。为了防止击发梁在压力下屈曲,关节运动接头通常设置有横向支撑件或“吹出”板特征部以支撑梁的横穿关节运动接头的部分。例如,为了推进击发梁通过大于六十度的角度,需要大量轴向力。该轴向力必须以平衡的方式施加到击发构件,以避免在击发构件向远侧移动时该击发构件与钳口结合。击发构件与钳口的任何结合可导致部件损坏和磨损,并且需要增加量的轴向驱动力来驱动击发构件穿过所夹持的组织。
其他端部执行器设计采用由旋转动力驱动的击发构件。在许多此类设计中,旋转驱动轴延伸穿过关节运动接头并且与可旋转击发构件驱动轴相接,该可旋转击发构件驱动轴在钳口中的一个钳口内被可旋转地支撑。击发构件螺纹地接合可旋转击发构件驱动轴,当可旋转击发构件驱动轴旋转时,该击发构件被驱动穿过端部执行器。此类布置需要支撑钳口更大以容纳击发构件驱动轴。在此类装置中,击发构件的下端通常与驱动轴可操作地相接,这也可能导致施加往往在击发构件被向远侧驱动时使该击发构件失衡的力。
图1至图4示出了外科器械10的一种形式,其可解决具有被构造成能够切割和紧固组织的能够关节运动的端部执行器的外科器械所面临的许多挑战。在各种实施方案中,外科器械10可包括手持装置。在其他实施方案中,外科器械10可包括例如有时被称为机器人控制系统的自动化系统。在各种形式中,外科器械10包括可操作地联接到细长轴组件2000的外科端部执行器1000。细长轴组件2000可以可操作地附接到外壳2002。在一个实施方案中,外壳2002可包括被构造成能够由临床医生抓持、操纵和致动的柄部。在其他实施方案中,外壳2002可包括机器人系统的容纳或以其他方式可操作地支撑至少一个驱动系统一部分,该至少一个驱动系统被构造成能够生成和施加可用于致动本文所公开的外科端部执行器及其相应等同物的至少一个控制运动。此外,各种部件可“容纳”或包含在外壳中,或者各种部件可与外壳“相关联”。在此类实例中,部件可不容纳在外壳内或由外壳直接支撑。例如,本文所公开的外科器械可与名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITHROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利号9,072,535中公开的各种机器人系统、器械、部件和方法一起使用,该专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一种形式中,外科端部执行器1000包括第一钳口1100和第二钳口1200。在所示布置中,第一钳口1100包括细长通道1110,该细长通道包括近侧端部1112和远侧端部1114并且被构造成能够在其中可操作地支撑外科钉仓1300。外科钉仓1300包括其中具有细长狭槽1304的仓体1302。多个外科钉或紧固件(未示出)储存在该仓体中驱动器(未示出)上,这些驱动器在细长狭槽1304的每一侧上成排布置。驱动器各自与对应的钉腔1308相关联,这些钉腔通过仓平台表面1306外露。外科钉仓1300可在钉/紧固件已从其中排出之后进行替换。可设想其他实施方案,其中可在外科钉仓1300已被使用之后丢弃细长通道1110和/或整个外科端部执行器1000。例如,此类端部执行器布置可以被称为“一次性加载单元”。
在所示布置中,第二钳口1200包括砧座1210,该砧座包括细长砧座主体1212,该细长砧座主体包括近侧端部1214和远侧端部1216。在一种布置中,一对加强杆或构件1213可被支撑在砧座主体1212中以向砧座主体1212提供增加的硬度和刚度。砧座主体1212包括面向第一钳口1100的钉成形下表面1218,并且可包括与外科钉仓1300中的钉或紧固件中的每一者对应的一系列钉成形凹坑(未示出)。砧座主体1212还可包括邻近砧座主体1212的近侧端部1214形成的一对向下延伸的组织止动特征部1220。一个组织止动特征部1220从砧座主体1212的每一侧延伸,使得每个组织止动件上的远侧端部1222对应于外科钉仓1300中的最近侧钉/紧固件。当砧座1210朝定位在砧座1210的钉成形下表面1218与外科钉仓1300的钉仓平台表面1306之间的组织移动到闭合位置时,组织接触组织止动特征部1220的远侧端部1222以防止组织向近侧移动经过最近侧钉/紧固件,从而确保被切割的组织也被缝合。当如下文将进一步详细讨论的那样“击发”外科钉仓时,支撑在每个钉腔中的钉/紧固件被驱动出钉腔1308,穿过所夹持的组织,并与砧座1210的钉成形下表面1218形成接触。
如图5和图6中可见,砧座主体1212的近侧端部1214包括砧座安装部分1230,该砧座安装部分包括一对横向延伸的安装销1232,该对横向延伸的安装销被构造成能够被接收在形成在细长通道1110的近侧端部1112中的对应的安装支架或枢转支架1120中。安装销1232通过砧座顶盖1260可枢转地保持在安装支架1120内,该砧座顶盖可通过被构造成能够接合细长通道1110上的保持结构1113的机械卡扣特征部1261附接到细长通道1110的近侧端部1112。参见图5。在其他布置中,砧座顶盖1260可通过焊接、粘合剂等附接到细长通道1110。此类布置便于砧座1210相对于安装在细长通道1110中的外科钉仓1300围绕枢转轴线PA在打开位置(图1)与闭合位置(图2至图5)之间枢转行进。此类枢转轴线PA在本文中可被称为是“固定的”,因为当砧座1200从打开位置枢转到关闭位置时,枢转轴线不平移或以其他方式移动。
在所示布置中,细长轴组件2000限定轴轴线SA并且包括近侧轴部分2100,该近侧轴部分可与外科器械10的控制部分(例如,手持单元、机器人工具驱动器等)的外壳可操作地相接。细长轴组件2000还包括附接到近侧轴部分2100和外科端部执行器1000的关节运动接头2200。在各种情况下,近侧轴部分2100包括可以可操作地联接到外壳2002的中空外管2110。参见图2。如图6中可见,近侧轴部分2100还可包括刚性近侧支撑轴2120,该刚性近侧支撑轴被支撑在中空外管2110内并且从外壳延伸到关节运动接头2200。近侧支撑轴2120可包括可通过例如焊接、粘合剂等联接在一起的第一半部2120A和第二半部2120B。近侧支撑构件2120包括近侧端部2122和远侧端部2124,并且包括从近侧端部2122延伸穿过其中到达远侧端部2124的轴向管道2126。
如上文所讨论的,许多外科端部执行器采用击发构件,该击发构件被可轴向移动的击发梁向远侧推动穿过外科钉仓。击发梁通常在击发构件主体的中心区域中附接到击发构件。当击发构件被推进穿过端部执行器时,该附接位置可能造成该击发构件不平衡。这种不平衡可能在击发构件与端部执行器钳口之间引起不期望的摩擦。这种附加摩擦的产生可能需要施加更高的击发力来克服这种摩擦,并且可能对钳口和/或击发构件的部分造成不期望的磨损。向击发梁施加更高的击发力可导致击发梁在横穿关节运动接头时发生不期望的挠曲。这种附加挠曲可导致关节运动接头脱离关节运动,特别是当外科端部执行器以相对较高的关节运动角度进行关节运动时。外科器械10采用击发系统2300,该击发系统即便不能解决全部问题,但可解决许多这些问题以及其他问题。
如图5至图11中可见,在至少一个实施方案中,击发系统2300包括击发构件2310,该击发构件包括竖直延伸的击发构件主体2312,该击发构件主体包括顶部击发构件特征部2320和底部击发构件特征部2350。组织切割刀片2314附接到竖直延伸的击发构件主体2312或形成在该竖直延伸的击发构件主体中。参见图9和图11。在至少一种布置中,期望击发构件2310以低摩擦、高强度和高刚度穿过砧座主体1212。在所示布置中,顶部击发构件特征部2320包括顶部管状主体2322,该顶部管状主体具有延伸穿过其中的顶部轴向管道2324。参见图10。底部击发构件特征部2350包括底部管状主体2352,该底部管状主体具有延伸穿过其中的底部轴向管道2354。在至少一种布置中,顶部击发构件特征部2320和底部击发构件特征部2350与竖直延伸的击发构件主体2312一体地形成。如图12所示,砧座主体1212包括轴向延伸的砧座狭槽1240,该砧座狭槽具有类似“锁孔”的横截面形状。类似地,细长通道1110包括也具有锁孔横截面形状的轴向延伸通道狭槽1140。
传统的击发构件布置采用从击发构件的顶部部分和底部部分延伸的长柔性悬臂式翼部。这些悬臂式翼部可滑动地穿过砧座和通道中的狭槽,这些狭槽通常是用矩形t形切割器切割的,这往往会产生较高摩擦表面。此类长悬臂式翼部与砧座和通道接触的表面积最小,并且可导致这些部件被擦伤。钥孔形通道狭槽1140和钥孔形砧座狭槽1240可以是用圆形t形切割器切割的,并且可用扩孔器/钻孔器来精加工,这将导致产生较低摩擦表面。另外,顶部管状主体2322和底部管状主体2352往往比现有悬臂式翼部布置更硬,并且与砧座和通道接触的表面积分别增加,这可减少擦伤并且产生更强的滑动连接。换句话讲,因为砧座狭槽1240和通道狭槽1140是锁孔形的并且比传统矩形狭槽移除的材料更少,所以当与现有布置相比时,该几何形状和增加的材料可使得砧座和通道更硬。
转到图9至图11,在一种布置中,击发系统2300还包括可操作地联接到顶部击发构件特征部2320的上部柔性脊组件2400和可操作地联接到底部击发构件特征部2350的下部柔性脊组件2500。在至少一个实施方案中,上部柔性脊组件2400包括上部椎骨构件2420的上部系列2410,这些上部脊椎构件通过附接到顶部击发构件特征部2320的上部柔性联接器构件2402松弛地联接在一起。上部柔性联接器构件2402可包括延伸穿过顶部击发构件特征部2320中的顶部轴向管道2324的顶部缆线2404,并且顶部缆线2404的远侧端部2406附接到与顶部轴向管道2324固定的保持器套圈2408。
如图13中可见,每个上部椎骨构件2420包括具有近侧端部2424和远侧端部2428的上部椎骨主体部分2422。上部中空管道2429延伸穿过上部椎骨主体部分2422,以适应上部柔性联接器构件2402穿过其中。每个上部椎骨构件2420还包括从上部椎骨主体部分2422突出的向下延伸的上部驱动特征部或上部椎骨构件齿2450。每个上部椎骨构件齿2450具有螺旋形近侧上部面部部分2452和螺旋形远侧上部面部部分2454。上部椎骨主体部分2422的每个近侧端部2424在其中具有上部近侧配合特征部2426,并且每个远侧端部2428在其中形成有上部远侧配合特征部2430。在至少一个实施方案中,上部近侧配合特征部2426包括凹形凹陷部2427,并且每个上部远侧配合特征部2430包括凸形隆起2431。当布置在上部系列2410中时,一个上部椎骨构件2420上的凸形隆起2431与上部系列2410中的相邻上部椎骨构件2420上的凹形凹陷部2427接触并配合,以保持上部椎骨构件2420大致对准,使得每个相应上部齿2450上的螺旋形近侧上部面部部分2452和螺旋形远侧上部面部部分2454可被旋转驱动螺杆2700驱动地接合,如将在下文进一步详细讨论的。
类似地,在至少一个实施方案中,下部柔性脊组件2500包括下部椎骨构件2520的下部系列2510,这些下部椎骨构件通过附接到底部击发构件特征部2350的下部柔性联接器构件2502松弛地联接在一起。下部柔性联接器构件2502可包括延伸穿过底部击发构件特征部2350中的底部轴向管道2354的下部缆线2504,并且底部缆线2504的远侧端部2506附接到与底部轴向管道2354固定的保持器套圈2508。
如图14中可见,每个下部椎骨构件2520包括具有近侧端部2524和远侧端部2528的下部椎骨主体部分2522。下部中空管道2529延伸穿过下部椎骨主体部分2522,以适应下部柔性联接器构件2502穿过其中。每个下部椎骨构件2520还包括从下部椎骨主体部分2522向上突出的向上延伸的下部驱动特征部或下部椎骨构件齿2550。每个下部椎骨构件齿2550具有螺旋形近侧下部面部部分2552和螺旋形远侧下部面部部分2554。下部椎骨主体部分2522的每个近侧端部2524在其中具有下部近侧配合特征部2526,并且每个远侧端部2528在其中形成有下部远侧配合特征部2530。在至少一个实施方案中,下部近侧配合特征部2526包括凹形凹陷部2527,并且每个下部远侧配合特征部2530包括凸形隆起2531。当布置在下部系列2510中时,一个下部椎骨构件2520上的凸形隆起2531与下部系列2510中的相邻下部椎骨构件2520上的凹形凹陷部2527接触并配合,以保持下部椎骨构件2520大致对准,使得每个相应下部椎骨构件齿2550上的螺旋形近侧下部面部部分2552和螺旋形远侧下部面部部分2554可被旋转驱动螺杆2700驱动地接合,如将在下文进一步详细讨论的。
现在转到图5、图7和图8,在至少一种布置中,击发驱动系统2300还包括旋转驱动螺杆2700,该旋转驱动螺杆被构造成能够与上部椎骨构件2420的上部系列2410和下部椎骨构件2520的下部系列2510驱动地相接。在所示布置中,旋转驱动螺杆2700由旋转驱动系统2600驱动,该旋转驱动系统包括近侧旋转驱动轴2610,该近侧旋转驱动轴可旋转地支撑在近侧支撑轴2120内的轴向管道2126内。参见图7。近侧旋转驱动轴2610包括近侧端部2612和远侧端部2614。近侧端部2612可与齿轮箱2004或由马达2006或容纳在外科器械的外壳中的其他旋转运动源驱动的其他布置相接。参见图2。这种旋转运动源使得近侧旋转驱动轴在近侧支撑轴2120中的轴向管道2126内围绕轴轴线SA旋转。
近侧旋转驱动轴2610可操作地支撑在细长轴组件2000内与关节运动接头2200邻近的位置处,并且与恒速(CV)驱动轴组件2620可操作地相接,该恒速驱动轴组件“跨越”或轴向延伸穿过关节运动接头2200。如图8、图16和图17中可见,在至少一种布置中,CV驱动轴组件2620包括近侧CV驱动组件2630和远侧CV驱动轴2670。近侧CV驱动组件2630包括近侧轴区段2632,该近侧轴区段由附接轴2634构成,该附接轴被构造成能够不可旋转地接收在近侧旋转驱动轴2610的远侧端部2614中的类似形状的联接器腔2616内。近侧轴区段2632与可动地联接的驱动接头2650的系列2640可操作地相接。
如图18中可见,在至少一种布置中,每个驱动接头2650包括第一或远侧球形部分2660和第二或近侧球形部分2652。远侧球形部分2660大于近侧球形部分2652。远侧球形部分2660包括承窝腔2662,该承窝腔被构造成能够在其中可旋转地接收相邻驱动接头2650的近侧球形部分2652。每个近侧球形部分2652包括一对沿直径相对的接合销2654,该对接合销被构造成能够可动地接收在相邻驱动接头2650的远侧球形部分2660中的对应销狭槽2664中,如图16中可见。最近侧驱动接头2650P的近侧球部分2652P可旋转地接收在近侧轴区段2632的远侧插口部分2636中,如图16所示。接合销2654P接收在远侧插口部分2636中的对应销狭槽2637内。如图16中进一步可见,可动地联接的驱动接头2650的系列2640中的最远侧驱动接头2650D可动地联接到远侧CV驱动轴2670。
在至少一种布置中,远侧CV驱动轴2670包括近侧球形部分2672,该近侧球形部分的尺寸被设定成可动地接收在最远侧驱动接头2650D中的插口腔2662D中。近侧球形部分2672包括接合销2674,该接合销可动地接收在最远侧驱动接头2650D中的销狭槽2664D中。远侧CV驱动轴2670还包括向远侧延伸的轴杆2676,该轴杆被构造成能够不可旋转地联接到定位在关节运动接头2200远侧的旋转驱动螺杆2700。远侧CV驱动轴2670包括凸缘2677和用于接收其上的推力轴承外壳2680的安装筒部分2678。
在所示布置中,当可动地联接的驱动接头2650的系列2640进行关节运动时,接合销2674保持在相邻驱动接头2650的对应销狭槽2664中。在图18所示的示例中,每个驱动接头可能够在俯仰方向和偏转方向上进行大约18度的关节运动。图16示出了驱动接头2650的系列2640的角度,此时该系列中的每个驱动接头2650在俯仰方向和偏转方向上进行九十度的完全关节运动,这产生了大约100.9度的角度α。在这种布置中,每个远侧球形部分2660的外表面越过相邻或邻接的近侧球形部分2652的外表面,从而允许不受限制的运动,直到达到18度极限。刚性设计和有限的小角度允许可动地联接的驱动接头2650的系列2640以总体大角度扭转地承载高负载。
在所示布置中,关节运动接头2200包括支撑在外部弹性体接头组件2210内的关节运动接头弹簧2230。外部弹性体接头组件2210包括附接到细长通道1110的近侧端部1112的远侧端部2212。例如,如图6中可见,外部弹性体接头组件2210的远侧端部2212通过一对有头螺钉2722附接到细长通道1110的近侧端部1112,该对有头螺钉延伸穿过远侧安装衬套2720以螺纹地接收在细长通道1110的近侧端部1112中。弹性体接头组件2210的近侧端部2214附接到近侧端部支撑轴2120的远侧端部2124。弹性体接头组件2210的近侧端部2214通过一对有头螺钉2732附接到近侧支撑构件2120的远侧端部2124,该对有头螺钉延伸穿过近侧安装衬套2750以螺纹地接收在安装在近侧支撑轴2120的远侧端部2124内的螺纹插入件2125中。
为了防止驱动接头2650在关节运动期间屈曲,可动地联接的驱动接头2650的系列2640延伸穿过被支撑在外部弹性体接头组件2210内的至少一个低摩擦关节运动接头弹簧2730。参见图19。关节运动接头弹簧2730相对于驱动接头2650设定尺寸,使得在关节运动接头弹簧2730与驱动接头2650之间提供微小的径向间隙。关节运动接头弹簧2730被设计成轴向地承载运动接头负载,该运动接头负载可显著低于扭转击发负载。接头弹簧比驱动接头2650的系列2640长,使得驱动接头是轴向松散的。如果驱动接头2650的系列2640的“硬堆叠”比关节运动接头弹簧2730硬堆叠更长,则驱动接头2650可用作关节运动压缩限制器,从而导致击发负载和关节运动负载通过驱动接头2650的系列2640轴向地化解。当击发负载通过驱动接头2650的系列2640轴向地化解时,负载可试图使关节运动接头2200变直,或者换句话说导致脱离关节运动。如果关节运动接头弹簧2730的硬叠堆比驱动接头2730的系列2640的硬叠堆长,则击发负载将被包含在端部执行器内,并且击发负载都将不能通过驱动接头2650或通过弹簧2650化解。
为了进一步确保驱动接头2650始终彼此接合,采用近侧驱动弹簧2740来向驱动接头2650的系列2640施加轴向偏置力。例如,如图8、图19和图20中可见,近侧驱动弹簧2740定位在近侧安装衬套2734与支撑凸缘之间,该支撑凸缘形成在近侧轴区段2632的远侧插口部分2636与近侧筒部分2638之间。在一种布置中,近侧驱动弹簧2740可包括接收在近侧轴区段2632的近侧筒部分2638上的弹性体O形环/衬套。近侧驱动弹簧2740将驱动接头2650轻微地偏置在一起,以减小在关节运动期间可能出现的任何间隙。这确保了驱动接头2650扭转地传递负载。然而,应当理解,在至少一种布置中,近侧驱动弹簧2740不施加足够高的轴向负载,以使得击发负载平移穿过关节运动接头2200。
如图9和图10中可见,击发构件2310上的顶部击发构件特征部2320包括远侧上部击发构件齿区段2330,该远侧上部击发构件齿区段相当于每个上部椎骨构件2420上的上部齿2450的一半。另外,与每个上部椎骨构件2420上的上部齿2450相同的近侧上部击发构件齿2336与远侧上部击发构件齿区段2330间隔开。远侧上部击发构件齿区段2330和近侧上部击发构件齿2336可与击发构件2310的顶部击发构件特征部2320一体地形成。同样,击发构件2310的底部击发构件特征部2350包括一体地形成在底部击发构件特征部2350上的远侧下部击发构件齿2360和近侧下部击发构件齿2366。例如,在至少一种布置中,具有刚性附接的齿2330、2336、2360和2366的击发构件2310可使用常规金属注射成型技术来一次制造成一个整体部件。
如上所述,上部椎骨构件2520中的每个上部椎骨构件可动地接收在呈顶部缆线2404形式的上部柔性联接器构件2402上。如上所述,顶部缆线2404的远侧端部2406被固定到击发构件2310的顶部击发构件特征部2320。类似地,下部椎骨构件2520中的每个下部椎骨构件可动地接收在呈下部缆线2504形式的下部柔性联接器构件2502上。下部缆线2504的远侧端部2506被固定到击发构件2310的底部击发构件特征部2350。在至少一种布置中,顶部缆线2404和底部缆线2504延伸穿过近侧轴部分2100,并且如将在下文进一步详细讨论的,可与支撑在外壳中的应急布置相接,以便在击发构件驱动系统失效时将击发构件2310回缩至其原始或起始位置。
再次转到图8,上部椎骨构件2420的上部系列2410的轴向长度ALu和下部椎骨构件2520的下部系列2510的轴向长度ALl相等,并且必须足够长以便于将击发构件2310从原始或起始位置完全向远侧推进到钉仓内的最远侧结束位置,同时上部椎骨构件2420的上部系列2410中的最近侧上部椎骨构件2420和下部椎骨构件2520的下部系列2510中的最近侧下部椎骨构件2520保持与旋转驱动螺杆2700驱动接合。如图8中可见,上部压缩限制弹簧2421被构造成能够与上部椎骨构件2420的上部系列2410中的最近侧上部椎骨构件2420P相接。上部压缩限制弹簧2421轴颈连接在顶部缆线2404上,并且通过上部弹簧保持器2423保持与最近侧上部椎骨构件2420P偏置接合,该上部弹簧保持器被压接在顶部缆线2404上的上部套圈2425保持在适当位置中。顶部缆线2404延伸穿过被支撑在近侧支撑轴中的上部海波管2433。同样,下部压缩限制弹簧2521被构造成能够与下部椎骨构件2520的下部系列2510中的最近侧下部椎骨构件2520P相接。下部压缩弹簧2521轴颈连接在下部缆线2504上并且通过下部弹簧保持器2523保持与最近侧下部椎骨构件2520P偏置接合,该下部弹簧保持器被压接到下部缆线2504上的下部套圈2525保持在适当位置中。下部缆线2504延伸穿过被支撑在近侧支撑轴中的下部海波管2533。
当上部椎骨构件2420和下部椎骨构件2520通过关节运动接头成角度时(在端部执行器已定位在关节运动位置中之后),在每个系列2410、2510中,相应椎骨构件2420、2520之间的间隙增加,这导致弹簧2421、2521变得更紧。压缩限制弹簧2421、2521分别为缆线2404、2504提供足够的松弛度,以使得椎骨构件2420、2520所成的角度能够通过最极端的关节运动角度。如果缆线2404、2504被拉得太紧,则弹簧保持器2423、2523将接触其相应的最近侧椎骨构件2420P、2520P。这种压缩限制布置确保了椎骨构件2420、2520在其相应的系列2410、2510中总是保持足够靠近在一起,使得旋转驱动螺杆2700将总是以下文进一步详细讨论的方式驱动地接合这些椎骨构件。当椎骨构件2420、2520再次笔直对准时,压缩限制弹簧2421、2521可部分地放松,同时仍然维持椎骨构件之间的一些压缩。
如上所述,当上部椎骨构件2420按上部系列2410布置并且下部椎骨构件2520按下部系列2510布置时,每个椎骨构件中的凸形隆起和凹形凹陷部以及压缩限制器弹簧用于将上部椎骨构件和下部椎骨构件保持为相对线性对准,以便通过旋转驱动螺杆2700驱动接合。如图9和图10中可见,当上部椎骨构件2420线性对准时,上部齿2450通过总体标示为2460的开口空间彼此间隔开,该开口空间便于与旋转驱动螺杆上的螺旋状驱动螺纹2170驱动接合。类似地,当下部椎骨构件2520线性对准时,下部椎骨构件齿2550通过总体标示为2560的开口空间彼此间隔开,该开口空间便于与旋转驱动螺杆2700的螺旋状驱动螺纹2170驱动接合。
转到图8和图22,旋转驱动螺杆2700包括螺杆主体2702,该螺杆主体在其中具有插口2704,以用于接收远侧CV驱动轴2670的向远侧延伸的轴杆2676。内部径向凹槽2714(图10)形成在螺杆主体2702中以用于在其中支撑多个滚珠轴承2716。在一种布置中,例如,采用12个滚珠轴承2716。径向凹槽2714支撑在螺杆主体2702与推力轴承外壳2680的远侧端部之间的滚珠轴承2716。滚珠轴承2716用于分配旋转驱动螺杆2700的轴向负载,并且通过滚珠的滚动运动显著减小摩擦。
如图23中可见,螺旋状驱动螺纹2710围绕螺杆主体2702设置并且用于形成近侧螺纹兜接特征部2712。近侧螺纹兜接特征部2712形成有第一螺距2713,并且螺旋状驱动螺纹2710的剩余部分形成有与第一螺距2713不同的第二螺距2715。在图22和图23中,区域2718示出第一螺距2713和第二螺距2715会聚的地方。在至少一个实施方案中,第一螺距2713大于第二螺距2715以确保旋转驱动螺杆2700捕获并“兜接”或驱动地接合每个上部椎骨构件2420和每个下部椎骨构件2520。如图24中可见,螺旋状驱动螺纹2710的具有第一螺距2713的近侧端部2717已被兜接到两个相邻的下部椎骨构件齿2550A与2550B之间的开口空间2560中,同时螺旋状驱动螺纹2710的具有第二螺距2715的中心部分2719与下部椎骨构件齿2550B上的螺旋形远侧下部面部部分2554和近侧下部击发构件齿2366上的螺旋形近侧下部面部部分2552驱动接合。还应当理解,当向远侧驱动击发构件2310时,兜接特征部2712在兜接下部椎骨构件齿2550B时,可不接触下部椎骨构件齿2550A的螺旋形远侧下部面部部分2554A。螺旋状驱动螺纹2710以类似的方式与上部椎骨构件2420的齿2450相互作用。
动力螺杆是具有围绕其的完整360度螺母的螺杆。动力螺杆的旋转使得螺母纵向推进或移动。然而,在本布置中,由于空间约束,完整360度螺母不能配合在端部执行器内。在一般意义上,上部柔性脊组件2400和下部柔性脊组件2500包括由旋转驱动螺杆2700可旋转地驱动的径向/纵向分段的“动力螺杆螺母”。当旋转驱动螺杆在第一旋转方向上旋转时,旋转驱动螺杆2700纵向地驱动椎骨构件的上部系列和下部系列中的每一者中的一个或多个椎骨构件,而椎骨构件2420、2520在径向上保持在相同位置中。上部系列2410和下部系列2510被约束成围绕旋转驱动螺杆2700旋转,并且只能纵向移动。在一种布置中,上部系列2410中的上部椎骨构件2420和下部系列2510中的下部椎骨构件2520各自仅以小于十度的角度围绕旋转驱动螺杆2700。
图25示出了处于原始或起始位置的击发构件2310。如图25中可见,旋转驱动螺杆2700上的螺旋状驱动螺纹2710的一部分接合在远侧上部击发构件齿区段2330与近侧上部击发构件齿2336之间,并且螺旋状驱动螺纹2710的另一部分接合在击发构件2310上的远侧下部击发构件齿2360与近侧下部击发构件齿2366之间。这种布置使得旋转驱动螺杆2700能够精确地控制击发构件2310的向远侧移动和向近侧移动,如下文将进一步详细讨论的,这可导致砧座1210的精确运动。一旦击发构件2310在击发行程期间已向远侧充分推进,螺旋状驱动螺纹2710就可操作地接合上部椎骨和下部椎骨上的齿。参见图26。
外科器械10还包括关节运动系统2240,该关节运动系统被构造成能够向外科端部执行器1000施加关节运动,以使外科端部执行器相对于细长轴组件2000进行关节运动。在至少一种布置中,例如,关节运动系统包括延伸穿过细长轴组件2000的四根关节运动缆线2242、2246、2250和2254。参见图27。在所示布置中,关节运动缆线2242、2246穿过近侧安装衬套2750、弹性体接头组件2210的近侧端部2214,以及要固定到弹性体接头组件2210的远侧端部2212或外科器械的其他部分的中央肋区段2216。同样,关节运动缆线2250和2254延伸穿过近侧安装衬套2750、弹性体接头组件2210的近侧端部2214,以及要固定到弹性体接头组件2210的远侧端部2212或外科端部执行器的其他部分的中央肋区段2218。缆线2242、2246、2250和2254与支撑在外科器械10的外壳中的关节运动控制系统可操作地相接。例如,每根缆线2242、2246、2250和2254的近侧部分可缠绕在外科器械10的外壳部分中的对应的旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统2007(图2)上,该旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统被构造成能够以期望的方式放出和回缩每根缆线2242、2246、2250和2254。卷轴/缆线管理系统可以是马达驱动的或手动驱动的(棘轮布置等)。图29示出了外科端部执行器1000相对于细长轴组件2000穿过第一关节运动平面进行的关节运动。图30示出了外科端部执行器1000相对于细长轴组件2000穿过第二关节运动平面进行的关节运动。图31示出了外科端部执行器1000相对于细长轴组件2000穿过多个关节运动平面进行的关节运动。
图32至图34示出了呈弹性体接头组件2210’形式的另选关节运动接头2200’。如图33所示,每个关节运动缆线穿过安装在弹性体接头组件2210’的肋状件2216’中的对应弹簧2215’。例如,缆线2242延伸穿过弹簧2244。缆线2246延伸穿过弹簧2248。缆线2250延伸穿过弹簧2252并且缆线2254延伸穿过弹簧2256。如上所述,通过拉动和放松适当的缆线2242、2246、2250和2254来使端部执行器进行关节运动。为了在更大的接头稳定性下实现更高的关节运动角度,弹簧2244、2248、2252和2256中的每个弹簧可滑动穿过弹性体接头的肋状件以推动端部执行器并拉动延伸穿过其中的缆线。当缆线2242、2246、2250和2254被拉紧时,弹簧2244、2248、2252和2256也将回缩到肋状件中。弹簧2244、2248、2252和2256中的每个弹簧松弛地安置在穿过其中的特定缆线上。每根缆线和对应的弹簧可终止于或以其他方式联接到支撑在细长轴组件2000中的对应实心杆,并且可从其近侧端部进行推动和拉动。当拉动缆线时,对应的弹簧将承载很小的负载或不承载负载。当推动弹簧时,缆线将承载很小的负载,但将帮助限制端部执行器移动。缆线和弹簧之间的这种相互作用可例如便于产生接近九十度的更高关节运动角度。
因为本文所公开的径向/纵向分段的动力螺杆螺母布置不具有与360度螺母相同的限制,所以上部系列2410中的上部椎骨构件2420和下部系列2510中的下部椎骨构件2520被约束成确保其负载在纵向方向上传递到击发构件。为了将上部椎骨构件2420中的每个上部椎骨构件保持在期望的取向上,并且为了防止上部椎骨构件2420在横穿关节运动接头2200时受到阻碍或失去取向,上部椎骨构件2420被对准以穿过上部套管2470,该上部套管延伸穿过关节运动接头2200的外部弹性体接头组件2210的上部部分。参见图27、图28和图35。上部套管2470的远侧端部2472被支撑在细长通道1110的近侧端部1112中,并且上部套管2470的近侧端部2474被支撑在近侧支撑轴2120的远侧端部中。上部套管2470由具有低摩擦系数并且是柔性的聚合物或塑料材料制成,以使得上部套管2470能够与外部弹性体接头组件2210一起弯曲。上部套管2470保护上部椎骨构件2420使其不接触由弹性材料制成的外部弹性体接头组件2210,该弹性材料可具有比上部套管2470的材料的摩擦系数更高的摩擦系数。换句话说,当上部椎骨构件2420横穿关节运动接头2200时,上部套管2470为上部椎骨构件形成低摩擦、柔性、连续、不间断且完全封装的路径。
类似地,下部套管2570用于在下部椎骨构件2520穿过关节运动接头2200时支撑这些下部椎骨构件。下部套管2570的远侧端部2572被支撑在细长通道的近侧端部中,并且下部套管2570的近侧端部被支撑在近侧支撑轴2120的远侧端部中。类似于上部套管2470,下部套管2570由具有低摩擦系数并且是柔性的聚合物或塑料材料制成,以使得下部套管2570能够与外部弹性体接头组件2210一起弯曲。下部套管2570保护下部椎骨构件2520使其在穿过关节运动接头2200时不接触外部弹性体接头组件2210。换句话说,当下部椎骨构件2520横穿关节运动接头2200时,下部套管2570为下部椎骨构件形成低摩擦、柔性、连续、不间断且完全封装的路径。在各种实施方案中,上部套管2470和下部套管2570被构造成能够自由弯曲而不产生扭结。为了防止在套管中形成扭结,在至少一种布置中,套管2470、2570被支撑在外部弹性体接头组件2210内,使得套管可以轴向移动。例如,当关节运动接头向上成角度时,下部套管2570可以向远侧滑动并且具有大的弯曲半径;在同一示例中,上部套管2470可以向近侧滑动并且具有更收紧的弯曲半径。通过轴向移动,减少了暴露在接头组件2210外部的材料的量,该材料原本可能在收紧的弯曲半径下易于扭结。在至少一种布置中,上部套管2470的远侧端部2472形成有上部兜接件2476,该上部兜接件被构造成能够将上部椎骨构件2420输送到砧座顶盖1260中。类似地,下部套管2570的远侧端部可以形成有下部兜接件,该下部兜接件被构造成能够将下部椎骨构件2520输送到细长通道1110中的通道狭槽1140中。
如上所述,砧座安装部分1230包括一对横向延伸的安装销1232,该对横向延伸的安装销被构造成能够被接收在形成在细长通道1110的近侧端部1112中的对应的安装支架或枢转支架1120中。安装销1232通过砧座顶盖1260枢转地保持在安装支架1120内,该砧座顶盖以上述方式附接到细长通道1110的近侧端部1112。砧座顶盖1260包括近侧端部1262和远侧端部1264,并且具有延伸穿过其中的钥匙孔形椎骨管道1266,以适应顶部击发构件特征部2320和上部椎骨构件2420穿过其中。图36示出了砧座顶盖1260中的椎骨管道1266。当旋转驱动螺杆2700向上部椎骨构件2420施加负载时,椎骨构件2420将往往围绕图37中的区域A倾斜,因此上部椎骨构件齿2450不再与旋转驱动螺杆2700成直角,而是可能经历更高压力的线接触。图37中的区域B示出了上部椎骨构件2420停止倾斜的地方。为了确保大部分负载保持在纵向方向上以执行有用的工作,上部椎骨构件齿2450成角度的量必须与上部椎骨构件2420倾斜的量相同。因此,当上部椎骨构件2420倾斜时,上部椎骨构件齿2450将仍然保持与旋转驱动螺杆2700上的螺旋状驱动构件2710有表面接触,并且所有负载将被纵向地而非竖直地引导。当椎骨构件2420倾斜时,略微成角度的上部椎骨构件齿2450可以表现得像方螺纹,并且更好地分配负载以降低压力接触。通过在纵向方向上引导大部分负载,避免了竖直负载,这些竖直负载可能导致建立将抵消纵向负载的摩擦。上部椎骨构件2420在向下穿过锁孔形砧座狭槽1240时做出类似反应。同样,下部椎骨构件2520在穿过细长通道1110中锁孔形的轴向延伸通道狭槽1140时做出类似反应。
在所示布置中,砧座1210通过支撑在细长通道的近侧端部内的一对砧座弹簧1270移动到打开位置。参见图38、图42和图43。弹簧1270被定位成向对应的砧座控制臂1234施加枢转偏置力,这些砧座控制臂可以与砧座安装部分1230一体地形成并且从该砧座安装部分向下延伸。参见图38。
图39至图41示出了当砧座1210打开时(图39)、当砧座2310部分闭合时(图40)以及在击发构件已从原始或起始位置向远侧推进之后(图41)的砧座1210、击发构件1210和砧座顶盖1260的部分。如图39中可见,当击发构件2310处于原始或起始位置时,顶部击发构件特征部2320完全接收在砧座顶盖1260中的椎骨管道1266内。在击发行程期间,顶部击发构件特征部2320和上部系列2410中的上部椎骨构件2420必须从砧座顶盖1260中的椎骨管道1266过渡到锁孔形砧座狭槽1240。因此,期望最小化砧座安装部分1230与砧座顶盖1260的远侧端部1264之间的任何间隙“G”。为了最小化该间隙G同时便于砧座1210的不受阻碍的枢转行进,砧座顶盖1260的远侧端部1264形成有与砧座安装部分1230上的弯曲配合表面1231匹配的弯曲顶盖表面1265。两个表面1265、1231是弯曲的并且关于枢转轴线PA或一些其他参考点同心。这种布置允许砧座1210径向移动并且不干扰砧座顶盖1260,同时在其间保持最小间隙G。砧座安装部分1230与砧座顶盖1260的远侧端部1264之间的间隙G显著短于上部椎骨构件2420的长度,这便于每个上部椎骨构件2420容易地从砧座顶盖1260中的椎骨管道1266过渡到锁孔形砧座狭槽1240。此外,为了进一步帮助顶部击发构件特征部2320过渡到锁孔形砧座狭槽1240中,邻近砧座安装部分1230上的弯曲配合表面1231形成倾斜表面1241。当初始将击发构件2310从原始或起始位置向远侧推进时,顶部击发构件特征部2320的远侧端部接触倾斜表面1241并且开始向砧座1210施加闭合运动,如图40中可见。击发构件2310在击发行程或击发序列期间的进一步向远侧推进导致顶部击发构件特征部进入锁孔形砧座狭槽1240,以完全闭合砧座1210并且在击发序列期间将砧座1210保持在闭合位置。参见图41。
通常,内镜切割器中建立的最高击发力与切割和缝合组织相关联。如果那些相同的力可用于闭合砧座,则在组织的预夹持和抓持期间产生的力也可以较高。在至少一种布置中,击发构件主体2312还包括从击发构件主体2312的每个横向侧延伸的击发构件翼部或突片2355。参见图15和图36。击发构件翼部2355被定位成当击发构件2310在近侧方向PD上从原始或起始位置被驱动以快速闭合砧座1210以便达到抓持目的时接触对应的砧座控制臂1234。在至少一种布置中,当击发构件2310处于原始或起始位置时,击发构件翼部2355位于砧座控制臂1234的远侧,如图42所示。当击发构件3210向近侧移动时,击发构件翼部2355抵抗砧座弹簧1270的偏置而(向枢转方向C)推动砧座控制臂1234。参见图42。在一种布置中,击发构件2310仅需移动短距离D以使砧座1210枢转到闭合位置。例如,在一个实施方案中,距离D可为大约0.070英寸长。这种短距移动允许快速响应。因为砧座枢转点或枢转轴线PA相对远离击发构件翼部2355,这产生了相当大的力矩臂,所以击发构件2310(和击发构件翼部2355)的向近侧移动导致向砧座1210施加高的预压缩扭矩来将砧座1210移动到闭合位置。因此,击发构件翼部2355在本文中可被称为“预压缩特征部”。参见图43。因此,通过将击发构件2310向近侧推进短距离D来使砧座1210快速枢转到闭合位置,临床医生可使用外科端部执行器1000在砧座1210与外科钉仓1300之间抓持并操纵组织,而不切割组织并形成钉。
击发构件2310可通过使旋转驱动螺杆2700在第二旋转方向上旋转来在近侧方向PD上移动。因此,当击发构件2310处于“原始”或起始位置时,砧座1210可被砧座弹簧1270偏置到完全打开位置。激活旋转驱动系统2600来在第一旋转方向上向旋转驱动螺杆2700施加旋转运动将导致击发构件2310从原始或起始位置向远侧推进,以向砧座1210施加砧座闭合运动来将砧座移动成闭合,从而将目标组织夹持在砧座1210与外科钉仓1300之间。旋转驱动螺杆在第一旋转方向上的继续旋转将导致击发构件2310继续向远侧推进穿过外科端部执行器1000。当击发构件2310向远侧移动时,击发构件2310接触被支撑在外科钉仓1300中的滑动件1312(图19)并且向远侧驱动滑块1312穿过钉仓主体1302。当击发构件2310处于原始或起始位置时,外科医生可能希望使用外科端部执行器来抓持和操纵组织。为此,旋转驱动系统被致动以在与第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上向旋转驱动螺杆2700施加第二旋转驱动运动。旋转驱动螺杆2700在第二旋转方向上的这种旋转移动将把击发构件2310从起始位置向近侧驱动并且使砧座1210快速枢转到闭合位置。因此,根据至少一个实施方案,击发构件2310的“原始或起始位置”不是其最近侧位置。
如果在击发过程期间,旋转驱动系统2600停止旋转,则击发构件2310可能卡在外科端部执行器内。在这种情况下,顶部击发构件特征部2320可保持与砧座1210接合,并且底部击发构件特征部2350可保持与细长通道1110接合,从而防止外科医生将砧座1210移动到打开位置而释放夹持在砧座1210与外科钉仓1300之间的组织。例如,如果向旋转驱动轴2610提供旋转驱动运动的马达或其他控制布置失效或以其他方式变得不起作用,则这可能发生。在这种情况下,击发构件2310可通过在近侧方向上拉动顶部缆线2404和下部缆线2504来回缩至外科端部执行器1000内的原始或起始位置。例如,顶部缆线2404的近侧部分和下部缆线2505的近侧部分可缠绕在外科器械10的外壳部分中的旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统2009(图2)上,该旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统被构造成能够在击发行程期间放出顶部缆线2404和下部缆线2504,并且如果击发构件2310需要被回缩,则还在近侧方向上回缩缆线2404、2504。缆线管理系统2009可以是马达驱动的或手动驱动的(棘轮布置等),以向缆线2404、2504施加回缩运动。当缆绳2404、2504被回缩时,上部椎骨构件2420和下部椎骨构件2520将导致旋转驱动螺杆2700反向旋转。
可以使用取决于导程(L)、节圆直径(dp)、齿角(α)和摩擦(μ)的以下等式来确定旋转驱动螺杆2700是否将反向旋转:
Figure BDA0004113244240000291
如果上述等式成立,则旋转驱动螺杆2700可以自锁。在极大程度上,在许多情况下,对于内镜切割器,节圆直径大部分是固定的,但是导程和齿角是可变的。因为上部椎骨构件齿2450和下部椎骨构件齿2550大部分是方形的,所以旋转驱动螺杆2700更可能是可反向驱动的(cos(90)=1)。上部椎骨构件齿2450和下部椎骨构件齿2550的导程也可以是有利的,因为椎骨构件2420、2520与旋转驱动螺杆2700之间的滚动摩擦更可能使旋转驱动螺杆2700能够被反向驱动。因此,在紧急情况下,外科医生可在近侧方向上拉动上部缆线2404和下部缆线2504,以使击发构件2310完全回缩以便快速“应急”。
如上所述,外壳2002可支持旋转驱动系统2600以及结合击发系统2300和关节运动控制系统2240采用的各种缆线管理系统的相对控制运动,该外壳可为手持式的或包括较大的自动化外科系统的一部分。击发系统2300、关节运动控制系统2240和旋转驱动系统2600可例如是受马达控制的并且由一个或多个控制电路进行操作。
使用外科器械10的一种方法可涉及使用外科器械10利用腹腔镜技术来切割和缝合患者体内的目标组织。例如,一个或多个套管针可能已经穿过患者的腹部壁放置,以提供到患者体内的目标组织的通路。外科端部执行器1000可插入穿过一个套管针,并且一个或多个相机或其他外科器械可插入穿过其他套管针。为了使外科端部执行器1000能够穿过套管针插管,外科端部执行器1000以非关节运动取向定位,并且钳口1100和1200必须闭合。为了出于插入目的而将钳口1100和1200保持在闭合位置,例如,旋转驱动系统2600可被致动成将第二旋转运动施加到旋转驱动螺杆2700,从而导致击发构件2310从起始位置向近侧移动以将砧座1210(钳口1200)运动到闭合位置。参见图44。旋转驱动系统2600被去激活以将击发构件2310保持在该位置。一旦外科端部执行器已经通过套管针进入腹部,旋转驱动系统2600就可被启动以使旋转驱动螺杆2700向远侧驱动击发构件2310回到起始位置,其中砧座弹簧1270将使砧座1210枢转到打开位置。参见图38。
一旦在腹部内并且在接合目标组织之前,外科医生可能需要使外科端部执行器1000关节运动到有利位置中。关节运动控制系统2240然后被致动成使外科端部执行器在一个或多个平面中相对于细长轴组件2000的被接收在套管针的插管内的部分进行关节运动。一旦外科医生已将外科端部执行器1000取向成在期望位置中,则关节运动控制系统2240就被去激活以将外科端部执行器1000保持在关节运动取向中。然后,外科医生可通过以下方式来使用外科端部执行器抓持目标组织或相邻组织:激活旋转驱动系统来使旋转驱动螺杆在第二旋转方向上旋转以使击发构件向近侧移动,从而使砧座1210快速闭合以在砧座1210与外科钉仓1300之间抓持组织。可通过使旋转驱动螺杆2700反向旋转来打开砧座1210。该过程可根据需要重复,直到目标组织已适当地定位在砧座1210与外科钉仓1300之间。
一旦目标组织已定位在砧座1210与外科钉仓之间,外科医生就可通过激活旋转驱动系统2600来将击发构件2310从起始位置向远侧驱动来开始闭合和击发过程。当击发构件2310从起始位置向远侧移动时,击发构件2310向砧座1210施加闭合运动,并且以上文所讨论的方式将砧座1210从打开位置运动到闭合位置。当击发构件2310向远侧移动时,击发构件2310将砧座1210保持在闭合位置中,从而将目标组织夹持在砧座1210与外科钉仓1300之间。当击发构件2310向远侧移动时,击发构件2310接触被支撑在外科钉仓1300中的滑动件1312并且还向远侧驱动滑动件1312穿过钉仓主体1302。滑动件1312朝向所夹持的目标组织连续地驱动支撑在钉仓中的成排的驱动器。每个驱动器具有支撑在其上的一个或多个外科钉或紧固件,这些外科钉或紧固件随后被驱动穿过目标组织并且与砧座1210的下侧形成接触。当击发构件2310向远侧移动时,其上的组织切割刃2314切穿缝合的组织。
在击发构件2310已被向远侧驱动到外科端部执行器1000内的结束位置(图45)之后,旋转驱动系统2600被反向,这使得击发构件2310向近侧回缩到原始或起始位置。一旦击发构件2310已返回到起始位置,砧座弹簧1270就将使砧座1210枢转到打开位置,以使外科医生能够从外科端部执行器1000释放缝合的组织。一旦已释放缝合的组织,就可通过套管针插管将外科端部执行器从患者体内抽出。为此,外科医生必须首先致动关节运动控制系统2240以使外科端部执行器1000返回到非关节运动位置,并且致动旋转驱动系统来将击发构件2310从原始或起始位置向近侧驱动以闭合钳口。此后,外科端部执行器1000可通过套管针插管抽出。如果在击发过程期间或在回缩过程期间,击发系统变得不起作用,则外科医生可通过以本文所述的各种方式在近侧方向上向缆线2404、2505施加牵拉运动来将击发构件2310回缩到起始位置。
图46至图68示出了另一种外科器械22010,除了下文所讨论的各种差异之外,该外科器械在许多方面与上述外科器械10相同或非常相似。类似于外科器械10,外科器械22010可解决具有被构造成能够切割和紧固组织的能够关节运动的端部执行器的外科器械所面临的许多挑战。在各种实施方案中,外科器械22010可包括手持装置。在其他实施方案中,外科器械22010可包括例如有时被称为机器人控制系统的自动化系统。在各种形式中,外科器械22010包括可操作地联接到细长轴组件24000的外科端部执行器23000。细长轴组件24000可以可操作地附接到外壳,该外壳是手持式的或以其他方式包括机器人系统的一部分,如上文所讨论的。
如图49中可见,在一种形式中,外科端部执行器23000包括第一钳口23100和第二钳口23200。在所示布置中,第一钳口23100包括细长通道23110,该细长通道包括近侧端部23112和远侧端部23114并且被构造成能够在其中可操作地支撑外科钉仓1300。细长通道23110具有开口底部以便于容易组装,并且具有通道覆盖件23113,该通道覆盖件被构造成能够附接(焊接等)到该细长通道上以覆盖开口并且增加细长通道23110的刚性。在所示布置中,第二钳口23200包括砧座23210,该砧座包括细长砧座主体23212,该细长砧座主体包括近侧端部23214和远侧端部23216。在一种布置中,提供砧座覆盖件23213来便于装置的组装并且当砧座23210附接(焊接等)到砧座主体23212时增加砧座的刚度。砧座主体23212包括面向第一钳口23100的钉成形下表面23218,并且可包括与外科钉仓1300中的钉或紧固件中的每一者对应的一系列钉成形凹坑(未示出)。砧座主体23212的近侧端部23214包括砧座安装部分23230,该砧座安装部分包括一对横向延伸的安装销23232,该对横向延伸的安装销被构造成能够被接收在形成在细长通道23110的近侧端部23112中的对应的安装支架或枢转支架23120中。安装销23232通过砧座顶盖23260枢转地保持在安装支架23120内,该砧座顶盖可通过螺钉23261附接到细长通道23110的近侧端部23112。在其他布置中,砧座顶盖23260可通过焊接、粘合剂等附接到细长通道23110。此类布置便于砧座23210相对于安装在细长通道23110中的外科钉仓1300围绕枢转轴线PA在打开位置(图47)与闭合位置(图48)之间枢转行进。此类枢转轴线PA在本文中可被称为是“固定的”,因为当砧座23210从打开位置枢转到关闭位置时,枢转轴线不平移或以其他方式移动。
在所示布置中,砧座23210通过支撑在细长通道23110的近侧端部23112内的一对砧座弹簧23270运动到打开位置。参见图49和图62。弹簧23270被定位成向砧座23210的对应部分施加枢转偏置力以向其施加打开力。参见图47。
在所示布置中,细长轴组件24000限定轴轴线SA并且包括近侧轴部分24100,该近侧轴部分可与外科器械22010的控制部分(例如,手持单元、机器人工具驱动器等)的外壳可操作地相接。细长轴组件24000还包括附接到近侧轴部分24100和外科端部执行器23000的关节运动接头24200。在各种情况下,近侧轴部分24100包括可以上文所讨论的各种方式可操作地联接到外壳中空外管24110。如图49中可见,近侧轴部分24100还可包括刚性近侧支撑轴24120,该刚性近侧支撑轴被支撑在中空外管24110内并且从外壳延伸到关节运动接头24200。刚性近侧支撑轴24120可包括可通过例如焊接、粘合剂等联接在一起的第一半部24120A和第二半部24120B。刚性近侧支撑轴24120包括近侧端部24122和远侧端部24124,并且包括从近侧端部24122延伸穿过其中到达远侧端部24124的轴向管道24126。
如上文所讨论的,许多外科端部执行器采用击发构件,该击发构件被可轴向移动的击发梁向远侧推动穿过外科钉仓。击发梁通常在击发构件主体的中心区域中附接到击发构件。当击发构件被推进穿过端部执行器时,该附接位置可能造成该击发构件不平衡。这种不平衡可能在击发构件与端部执行器钳口之间引起不期望的摩擦。这种附加摩擦的产生可能需要施加更高的击发力来克服这种摩擦,并且可能对钳口和/或击发构件的部分造成不期望的磨损。向击发梁施加更高的击发力可导致击发梁在横穿关节运动接头时发生不期望的挠曲。这种附加挠曲可导致关节运动接头脱离关节运动,特别是当外科端部执行器以相对较高的关节运动角度进行关节运动时。外科器械22010采用在许多方面与上文所讨论的击发系统2300相同或非常类似的击发系统24300。因此,下文将仅讨论理解外科器械22010的操作所需的击发系统24300的那些方面。
如图50至图54中可见,在至少一个实施方案中,击发系统24300包括击发构件24310,该击发构件包括竖直延伸的击发构件主体24312,该击发构件主体包括顶部击发构件特征部24320和底部击发构件特征部24350。组织切割刀片24314附接到竖直延伸的击发构件主体24312或形成在该竖直延伸的击发构件主体中。参见图50和图51。在至少一种布置中,期望击发构件24310以低摩擦、高强度和高刚度穿过砧座主体23212。在所示布置中,顶部击发构件特征部24320包括T形主体24322,该T形主体具有从其突出的两个横向延伸的突片24323和延伸穿过其中的顶部轴向管道24324。参见图53。底部击发构件特征部24350包括T形主体24352,该T形主体具有从其突出的两个横向延伸的突片24353和延伸穿过其中的底部轴向管道24354。参见图50。在至少一种布置中,顶部击发构件特征部24320和底部击发构件特征部24350与竖直延伸的击发构件主体24312一体地形成。如图54中可见,砧座主体23212包括轴向延伸的砧座狭槽23240,该轴向延伸的砧座狭槽限定两个相对的凸缘23241,这两个相对的凸缘用于在其上可滑动地接收横向延伸的突片24323。类似地,细长通道23110包括轴向延伸的通道狭槽23140,该通道狭槽限定轴向延伸的通道凸缘23141,该轴向延伸的通道凸缘被构造成能够在其上可滑动地接收横向延伸的突片24353。
在所示布置中,击发系统24300包括可操作地联接到击发构件24310的顶部击发构件特征部24320的上部柔性脊组件24400。在至少一个实施方案中,上部柔性脊组件24400包括上部椎骨构件24420的上部系列24410,这些上部脊椎构件通过延伸穿过上部椎骨构件24420中的每个上部椎骨构件并且附接到顶部击发构件特征部24320的上部柔性联接器构件24440松弛地联接在一起。
如图52中可见,当从每个上部椎骨构件的一端观察时,每个上部椎骨构件24420基本上是T形的。在一个方面,每个上部椎骨构件24420包括具有近侧端部24424和远侧端部24428的上部椎骨主体部分24422。每个上部椎骨构件24420还包括从上部椎骨主体部分24422突出的向下延伸的上部驱动特征部或上部椎骨构件齿24450。每个上部椎骨构件齿24450具有螺旋形近侧上部面部部分24452和螺旋形远侧上部面部部分24454。上部椎骨主体部分24422的每个近侧端部24424具有弓形或略为凹形的弯曲形状,并且每个远侧端部24428具有弓形或略为凸形的弯曲形状。当布置在上部系列24410中时,一个上部椎骨构件24420上的凸形远侧端部24428与上部系列24410中的相邻上部椎骨构件24420上的凹形近侧端部24424接触并配合,以保持上部椎骨构件24420大致对准,使得每个相应上部椎骨构件齿24450上的螺旋形近侧上部面部部分24452和螺旋形远侧上部面部部分24454可被旋转驱动螺杆2700以本文所公开的各种方法驱动地接合。上部椎骨构件24420上的这些弯曲配合表面允许上部椎骨构件24420即使当它们倾斜时也能更好地在它们之间传递负载。
在至少一个实施方案中,采用上部对准构件24480来帮助上部系列24410中的上部椎骨构件24420对准。在一种布置中,对准构件24480包括可由镍钛诺线、弹簧钢等制成的弹簧构件或金属缆线,并且形成有远侧上部环状端部24482和两个上部支柱部分24484,这两个上部支柱部分延伸穿过每个上部椎骨主体部分24422中的对应上部管道24425。上部柔性联接器构件24440延伸穿过上部椎骨构件24420中的每个上部椎骨构件中的上部管道24429以附接到击发构件24310。具体地,远侧端部部分24442延伸穿过顶部击发构件特征部24320中的顶部轴向管道24324并且通过上部保持凸耳24444固定在其中。上部柔性联接器构件24440的近侧部分可与本文所公开的各种类型和设计的对应的旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统相接,该对应的旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统用于在外科端部执行器23000的操作和关节运动期间放出和收紧上部柔性联接器构件24440以保持其中期望量的张力。缆线管理系统可以是马达驱动的或手动驱动的(棘轮布置等),以维持上部柔性联接器构件24440中期望量的张力。每个柔性联接器构件中的张力的量可根据外科端部执行器23000与细长轴组件24000的相对定位来变化。
击发系统24300还包括可操作地联接到底部击发构件特征部24350的下部柔性脊组件24500。下部柔性脊组件24500包括下部椎骨构件24520的下部系列24510,这些下部脊椎构件通过延伸穿过下部椎骨构件24520中的每个下部椎骨构件并且附接到底部击发构件特征部24350的下部柔性联接器构件24540松弛地联接在一起。如图52中可见,当从每个下部椎骨构件的一端观察时,每个上部椎骨构件24520基本上是T形的。在一个方面,每个下部椎骨构件24520包括具有近侧端部24524和远侧端部24528的下部椎骨主体部分24522。每个下部椎骨构件24520还包括从下部椎骨主体部分24522突出的向上延伸的下部驱动特征部或下部椎骨构件齿24550。每个下部椎骨构件齿24550具有螺旋形近侧下部面部部分24552和螺旋形远侧下部面部部分24554。每个下部椎骨主体部分24522的近侧端部24524具有弓形或略为凹形的弯曲形状,并且每个远侧端部24528具有弓形或略为凸形的弯曲形状。当布置在下部系列24510中时,一下上部椎骨构件24520上的凸形远侧端部24528与下部系列24510中的相邻下部椎骨构件24520上的凹形近侧端部24524接触并配合,以保持下部椎骨构件24520大致对准,使得每个相应下部椎骨构件齿24550上的螺旋形近侧下部面部部分24552和螺旋形远侧下部面部部分24554可被旋转驱动螺杆2700以本文所公开的各种方法驱动地接合。下部椎骨构件24520上的这些弯曲配合表面允许下部椎骨构件24520即使当它们倾斜时也能更好地在它们之间传递负载。
在至少一个实施方案中,采用下部对准构件24580来帮助下部系列24510中的下部椎骨构件24520对准。在一种布置中,下部对准构件24580包括可由镍钛诺线、弹簧钢等制成的弹簧构件或金属缆线,并且形成有远侧下部环状端部24582和两个下部支柱部分24584,这两个下部支柱部分延伸穿过每个下部椎骨主体部分24522中的对应下部管道24525。下部柔性联接器构件24540延伸穿过下部椎骨构件24520中的每个下部椎骨构件中的底部轴向管道24529以附接到击发构件24310。具体地,下部柔性联接器构件24540的远侧端部部分24542延伸穿过底部击发构件特征部24350中的底部轴向管道24354并且通过下部保持凸耳24544固定在其中。下部柔性联接器构件24540的近侧部分可与本文所公开的各种类型和设计的对应的旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统相接,该对应的旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统用于在外科端部执行器23000的操作和关节运动期间放出和收紧下部柔性联接器构件24540以保持其中期望量的张力。缆线管理系统可以是马达驱动的或手动驱动的(棘轮布置等),以维持下部柔性联接器构件24540中期望量的张力。每个柔性联接器构件中的张力的量可根据外科端部执行器23000与细长轴组件24000的相对定位来变化。
根据至少一个方面,大的表面积有利于当椎骨构件推动时在椎骨构件之间分配力,使得椎骨构件不能相对于彼此扭转。砧座和通道中的可用面积是有限的,并且砧座和通道必须保持刚性。T形上部椎骨构件24420和T形下部椎骨构件24520被设计成配合在砧座23210和细长通道23110中可用的有限空间中,同时确保有大量的区域来分配击发负载。每个上部椎骨构件24420和每个下部椎骨构件24520上的弯曲表面允许那些椎骨中的每个椎骨即使当它们倾斜时也能更好地在它们之间传递负载。上部对准构件24480和下部对准构件24580还可用于防止上部椎骨构件24420和下部椎骨构件24520相对于彼此扭转。大的表面积还可以帮助防止椎骨构件和/或砧座和通道的擦伤。上部柔性脊组件24400和下部柔性脊组件24500以其他方式与如本文所公开的旋转驱动螺杆2700布置可操作地相接。如果在击发行程期间,击发驱动系统24300失效,则上部柔性联接器构件24440和下部柔性联接器构件24540也可以上文所讨论的方式用于将击发构件24310回缩到其起始位置。
如图51中可见,击发构件24310上的顶部击发构件特征部24320包括远侧上部击发构件齿区段24330,该远侧上部击发构件齿区段相当于每个上部椎骨构件24420上的上部椎骨构件齿24450的一半。另外,与每个上部椎骨构件24420上的上部椎骨构件齿24450相同的两个近侧上部击发构件齿24336与远侧上部击发构件齿区段24330间隔开。远侧上部击发构件齿区段24330和近侧上部击发构件齿24336可各自与击发构件24310的顶部击发构件特征部24320一体地形成。同样,击发构件24310的底部击发构件特征部24350包括一体地形成在底部击发构件特征部24350上的远侧下部击发构件齿24360和两个近侧下部击发构件齿24366。例如,在至少一种布置中,具有刚性附接的齿24330、24336、24360和24366的击发构件24310可使用常规金属注射成型技术来一次制造成一个整体部件。本领域普通技术人员将认识到,击发构件24310以与如本文详细描述的击发构件2310基本上相同的方式操作。
现在转到图55至与58,根据至少一个方面,关节运动接头24200包括可移动外骨骼组件24800。在一种形式中,可移动外骨骼组件24800包括可动地相接的环形肋构件24810的系列24802。如图55至图57中可见,每个环形肋构件24810包括第一或近侧面24820,该第一或近侧面包括凸形或圆顶的部分24822。每个环形肋构件24810还包括凹形或盘形的第二面或远侧面24830。每个环形肋构件24810还包括上部脊管道24840和下部脊管道24842,该上部脊管道被构造成能够适应上部柔性脊组件24400穿过其中,该下部脊管道被构造成能够适应下部柔性脊组件24500穿过其中。另外,每个环形肋构件24810还包括四个关节运动管道24850、24852、24854和24856,以适应呈关节运动缆线24242、22446、24250和24254形式的关节运动致动器穿过其中。参见图49。每个环形肋构件24810还包括中央驱动管道24860,该中央驱动管道被构造成能够适应恒速(CV)驱动轴组件2620穿过其中。
如图58中可见,可移动外骨骼组件24800包括近侧附接肋状件24870,该近侧附接肋状件被构造成能够通过有头螺钉24880或其他合适的紧固件布置将可移动外骨骼组件24800附接到近侧支撑轴24120的远侧端部24124。近侧附接肋状件24870包括第一或远侧面24872,该第一或远侧面是凹形的或盘形的以接收最近侧环形肋构件24810P的近侧面24820的凸形或圆顶的部分24822或与该凸形或圆顶的部分可动地相接。类似地,可移动外骨骼组件24800包括远侧附接肋状件24890,该远侧附接肋状件被构造成能够通过有头螺钉24882或其他合适的紧固件将可移动外骨骼组件24800附接到细长通道23110的近侧端部23112。远侧附接肋状件24890包括第一或近侧面24892,该第一或近侧面包括凸形或圆顶的部分24894,该凸形或圆顶的部分被构造成能够被接收在最远侧环形肋构件24810D的凹形或盘形的远侧面24832中或与该凹形或盘形的远侧面可动地相接。在各种实施方案中,环形肋构件24810、24810P和24810D可由任何合适的金属(例如,不锈钢、钛等)或其他合适的材料制成。环形肋构件24810、24810P和24810D可通过合适的拉伸或成形操作、通过机加工或铸造来形成。近侧面24820和远侧面24830可被抛光或以其他方式精加工成期望的平滑光洁度,以减小摩擦并便于环形肋构件24810、24810P和24810D之间的移动。根据一个方面,每个环形肋构件24810、24810P、24810D上的所有边缘都是圆形的,以便于环形肋构件之间的相对移动。近侧附接肋状件24870和远侧附接肋状件24890可形成有类似属性。
外科器械22010还包括关节运动系统24240,该关节运动系统被构造成能够向外科端部执行器23000施加关节运动,以使外科端部执行器23000相对于细长轴组件24000进行关节运动。在至少一种布置中,例如,如上所述,关节运动系统24240包括延伸穿过细长轴组件2400的四根关节运动缆线24242、24246、24250和24254。参见图49。在所示布置中,关节运动缆线24242、24246穿过近侧附接肋状件24870并且穿过环形肋构件24810P、24810和24810D中的每个环形肋构件以被固定到远侧附接肋状件24890。在一种布置中,例如,关节运动缆线24242、24246中的每个关节运动缆线通过对应的附接凸耳24243固定到远侧附接肋状件24890。参见图61和图63。同样,关节运动缆线24250和24254延伸穿过近侧附接肋状件24870并且穿过环形肋构件24810P、24810和24810D中的每个环形肋构件以通过对应的附接凸耳24243被固定到远侧附接肋状件24890。
在一种布置中,关节运动缆线24242、24246、24250和24254中的每根关节运动缆线延伸穿过对应的螺旋弹簧24896,这些螺旋弹簧被支撑在刚性近侧支撑轴24120的远侧端部24124中的腔24125中。另外,每个螺旋弹簧24896与张紧凸耳24897相关联,该张紧凸耳也被轴颈连接到每个相应的关节运动缆线24242、24246、24250和24524上并且被固定在其上以在每个弹簧24896中获得期望的压缩量,该压缩用于将环形肋构件24810P、24810和24810D保持成彼此以及与近侧附接肋状件24870和远侧附接肋状件24890可动地接合。缆线24242、24246、24250和24254与支撑在外科器械22010的外壳中的关节运动控制系统可操作地相接。例如,如上文所讨论的,每根缆线24242、24246、24250和24254的近侧部分可缠绕在外科器械22010的外壳部分中的对应的旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统2007(图2)上,该旋转卷轴或缆线管理系统被构造成能够以期望的方式放出和回缩每根缆线24242、24246、24250和24254。卷轴/缆线管理系统可以是马达驱动的或手动驱动的(棘轮布置等)。图59示出了处于非关节运动位置的关节运动接头24200,并且图60示出了处于一种关节运动构型的关节运动接头。这种布置允许外科端部执行器23000相对于细长轴组件24000穿过多个关节运动平面进行关节运动。
如图49、图58和图64中可见,外科器械22010采用恒速(CV)驱动轴组件2620,该CV驱动轴组件跨越或轴向延伸穿过关节运动接头24200。CV驱动轴组件2620的操作和构型在上文进行了详细描述,并且除了理解外科器械22010的操作所必需的内容之外,此处不再重复。简而言之,如上文所讨论的,CV驱动轴组件2620包括近侧CV驱动组件2630和远侧CV驱动轴2670。近侧CV驱动组件2630包括近侧轴区段2632,该近侧轴区段由附接轴2634构成,该附接轴被构造成能够不可旋转地接收在近侧旋转驱动轴2610的远侧端部2614中的类似形状的联接器腔2616内。近侧轴区段2632与可动地联接的驱动接头2650的系列2640可操作地相接。如图58中可见,如前所述,为了确保驱动接头2650彼此接合,采用近侧驱动弹簧2740来向驱动接头2650的系列2640施加轴向偏置力。例如,如图58中可见,近侧驱动弹簧2740定位在近侧安装衬套2734与支撑凸缘之间,该支撑凸缘形成在近侧轴区段2632的远侧插口部分2636与近侧筒部分2638之间。在一种布置中,近侧驱动弹簧2740可包括接收在近侧轴区段2632的近侧筒部分2638上的弹性体O形环。近侧驱动弹簧2740将驱动接头2650轻微地偏置在一起,以减小在关节运动期间出现的任何间隙。这确保了驱动接头2650扭转地传递负载。然而,应当理解,在至少一种布置中,近侧驱动弹簧2740不施加足够高的轴向负载,以使得击发负载平移穿过关节运动接头2200。
为了进一步防止驱动接头2650在关节运动期间屈曲,可动地联接的驱动接头2650的系列2640延伸穿过至少一个低摩擦驱动覆盖件24730,该低摩擦驱动覆盖件延伸穿过环形肋构件24810中的每个环形肋构件中的中央驱动管道24860。在图63和图65所描绘的布置中,驱动覆盖件24730包括外部切割海波管和内部切割海波管24732。这种海波管24732可由金属(例如,不锈钢等)制成,并且在其中具有可使用激光切割器布置制成的切口或狭缝的多个系列。在所示布置中,海波管24732可被制造成具有上部释放管道24734,该上部释放管道提供用于在手术期间在外科端部执行器23000处于一个或多个关节运动位置时上部柔性脊组件24400从其上方穿过的间隙。此外,海波管24732可具有下部释放管道24736,以为下部柔性脊组件24500提供类似的间隙。如图65中还可见,海波管24732可成形为具有沿直径相对的横向突片部分24738,以在关节运动期间提供横向稳定性。图66示出了包括内部切割海波管24732’的另选驱动覆盖件24730’。图58、图67、图68和图69示出了包括施加在恒速(CV)驱动轴组件2620上的柔性热收缩管24732”的另选驱动覆盖件24730”。在其他布置中,驱动覆盖件也可包括螺旋弹簧或螺旋构件。
本公开的各种实施方案提供了优于能够进行关节运动的先前外科内镜切割器构型的优点。例如,在关节运动端部执行器中向前推动击发构件通常需要大量的力并且该力必须是平衡的。例如,当以大于六十度的角度击发击发构件时,推动梁穿过关节运动接头变得非常困难。关节还经受显著的负载,这可能导致关节运动接头脱离关节运动。通过采用上部柔性驱动布置和下部柔性驱动布置(上部柔性驱动布置和下部柔性驱动布置各自在穿过关节运动接头时是柔性的,但随后当它们在关节运动接头的远侧时变成刚性的),可允许大程度的关节运动(例如,超过七十度的关节运动角度),同时将平衡负载施加到击发构件,这些平衡负载被约束到击发构件而不被约束到关节运动接头。换句话讲,扭转负载而非纵向负载被施加在关节运动接头的近侧,这些纵向负载可导致端部执行器脱离关节运动。扭转负载在关节运动接头远侧的位置处被转换成纵向负载。因此,旋转驱动螺杆用于实际上将扭转运动或负载转换成纵向负载,这些纵向负载在关节运动接头远侧的位置处施加到击发构件。
此外,通过纵向分解螺纹驱动布置,这些螺纹驱动布置穿过关节运动接头,同时还有效地减小外科端部执行器的长度。例如,每个单个的椎骨齿显著短于多个刚性连接的螺距。椎骨可在其穿过关节运动接头时成角度。这种柔性互连使得旋转驱动螺杆能够紧密地定位到关节运动接头,而如果所有的螺距都刚性地连接,则旋转驱动螺杆与关节运动接头显著地间隔开。
图70至图73示出了可与可在许多方面类似于外科器械10的外科器械3010一起使用的另一个外科端部执行器4000。除了下文讨论的差异之外,外科端部执行器4000可类似于外科端部执行器1000。外科端部执行器4000可操作地联接到细长轴组件5000。细长轴组件5000可以可操作地附接到外科器械3010的外壳部分。外壳可包括被构造成能够由临床医生抓持、操纵和致动的柄部。在其他实施方案中,外壳可包括机器人系统的容纳或以其他方式可操作地支撑至少一个驱动系统的一部分,该至少一个驱动系统被构造成能够生成和施加可用于致动本文所公开的外科端部执行器及其相应等同物的至少一个控制运动。
在至少一种形式中,外科端部执行器4000包括第一钳口4100和第二钳口4200。在所示布置中,第一钳口4100包括细长通道4110,该细长通道包括近侧端部4112和远侧端部4114并且被构造成能够在其中可操作地支撑外科钉仓1300。在所示布置中,第二钳口4200包括可类似于上述砧座1210的砧座4210。在所示布置中,细长轴组件5000限定轴轴线SA并且包括近侧轴区段,该近侧轴区段与外科器械3010的控制部分(例如,手持单元、机器人工具驱动器等)的外壳可操作地相接。细长轴组件5000还包括附接到近侧轴部分和外科端部执行器4000的关节运动接头5200。
细长轴组件5000可包括附接到细长通道4110的近侧端部4112和关节运动接头5200的远侧脊组件5010。参见图70。远侧脊组件5010不可动地支撑在远侧外管区段5020中,该远侧外管区段与外科端部执行器4000可操作地相接。细长轴组件5000还包括近侧脊构件(未示出),该近侧脊构件与关节运动接头5200的近侧端部可操作地相接并且可附接到外科器械3010的外壳或以其他方式与该外科器械的外壳可操作地相接。近侧外管区段5030从关节运动接头5200延伸回到外壳以与其可操作地相接。
外科器械3010采用击发驱动系统4300,该击发驱动系统包括击发构件4310,该击发构件包括竖直延伸的击发构件主体4312,该击发构件主体包括顶部击发构件特征部和底部击发构件特征部。组织切割刀片4314附接到竖直延伸的击发构件主体4312或形成在该竖直延伸的击发构件主体中。击发驱动系统4300包括旋转驱动螺母4400,该旋转驱动螺母被构造成能够可旋转地驱动驱动部件4610的系列4600,这些驱动部件与击发构件4310可操作地相接。旋转驱动螺母4400包括跨越关节运动接头5200的柔性近侧区段4410和在关节运动接头5200远侧的螺纹远侧区段4420。螺纹远侧区段4420包括一系列可变螺距螺纹4430,其中在近侧端部具有粗间距4432,在远侧端部或出口端具有更窄间距4434。参见图72。带螺纹的旋转驱动螺母4400包括近侧驱动齿轮4440,该近侧驱动齿轮与附接到旋转驱动轴4500的远侧驱动齿轮4510啮合地相接。参见图70。旋转驱动轴4500可与被支撑在外科器械3010的外壳中的齿轮箱/马达布置相接。旋转驱动轴4500的旋转使得驱动螺母4400围绕轴轴线SA旋转。
旋转驱动螺母4400包括近侧区段4410和远侧区段4420。螺纹远侧区段4420位于关节运动接头5200的远侧并且被构造成能够螺纹地接合驱动部件4610的系列4600,这些驱动部件通过柔性系链4640松弛地联结在一起。在至少一种布置中,例如,每个驱动部件4610包括竖直延伸的板构件4612,每个竖直延伸的板构件包括顶端4614和底端4618。顶端4614包括顶部螺纹区段4616,底端4418包括底部螺纹区段4620。顶部螺纹区段4616和底部螺纹区段4620被构造成能够与旋转驱动螺母4400的螺纹4430螺纹地接合。驱动部件4610的系列4600被构造成能够柔性地穿过关节运动接头5200并且进入远侧脊组件5010中的竖直管道5012中。旋转驱动螺母4400在第一旋转方向上的旋转使得驱动部件4610的系列4600在远侧方向上轴向移动,并且旋转驱动螺母4400在第二旋转方向上的旋转将使得驱动部件4610的系列4600在近侧方向上轴向移动。
转到图72,在至少一种布置中,每个驱动部件4610还包括向远侧突出的闩锁特征部4630。每个闩锁特征部4360被构造成能够以闩锁接合的方式可释放地接收在闩锁腔4364内,该闩锁腔形成在紧邻闩锁特征部远侧的相邻驱动部件4610中。当驱动部件4610被闩锁在一起时,这些驱动部件形成驱动部件的轴向刚性系列4600AR,以用于向击发构件5310施加轴向驱动运动,以驱动击发构件5310穿过外科端部执行器4000,从起始位置到达结束位置,然后从结束位置回到起始位置。如图72中可见,当驱动部件4610进入旋转驱动螺母4400的螺纹远侧区段4420时,这些驱动部件松弛地联结在一起。当驱动部件4610与旋转驱动螺母4400的螺纹远侧区段4420中的细螺距螺纹4430螺纹地接合时,闩锁特征部4630被以闩锁方式接收在沿远侧相邻的驱动部件4610中的对应闩锁腔4364内,以形成驱动部件4610的轴向刚性系列4600AR。在一种布置中,最远侧驱动部件4610可被构造成能够以类似方式以闩锁方式接合击发构件4310,或者在另选布置中,最远侧驱动部件可以不可移除地附接到击发构件4310。
在所示示例中,驱动部件的系列4600中的驱动部件4610被柔性地连接在一起,使得它们能够相对于彼此移动以适应关节运动接头,并且不需要当推动击发梁穿过关节运动接头时通常需要的加强支撑板。当驱动部件4610的系列进入在关节运动接头远侧的螺纹远侧区段4420并由其驱动地接合时,驱动部件4610形成用于驱动击发构件4310穿过外科端部执行器4000的驱动部件的轴向刚性系列。砧座4210可通过弹簧或其他布置以本文所公开的各种方式枢转到打开位置中,然后当击发构件4310以本文所讨论的各种方式从起始位置向远侧驱动到结束位置时通过击发构件4310来闭合。也可采用其他钳口控制布置来控制钳口的打开和闭合。
图73至图76示出了采用驱动系统6300的另一个外科端部执行器6000,该驱动系统包括柔性连接驱动部件6610的系列6600,这些柔性连接驱动部件可用于横穿关节运动接头6200并刚性地推进击发构件6130穿过外科端部执行器6000。外科端部执行器6000可包括通道6010,该通道被构造成能够在其中可操作地支撑外科钉仓(未示出)。砧座6020可枢转地联接到通道6010并且可通过击发构件6130或其他闭合系统布置在打开位置与闭合位置之间移动。砧座6020可通过弹簧或其他布置以本文所公开的各种方式移动到打开位置。
转到图74,在至少一种布置中,每个驱动部件6610包括驱动部件主体6612,该驱动部件主体具有近侧面部6614、远侧面部6616和形成在底表面6618上的螺纹区段6620。每个驱动部件6610还包括向近侧突出的闩锁特征部6630。每个闩锁特征部6630包括颈部特征部6632,该颈部特征部具有形成在其端部上的球形闩锁头部6634。闩锁特征部6630被构造成能够可动地接收在闩锁腔6336内,该闩锁腔形成在紧邻该闩锁特征部远侧的相邻驱动部件6610中。为了便于处于可移动连续布置的驱动部件6610的可移动附接,球形闩锁头部6634被插入穿过驱动部件主体6612中的锥形管道6338并且进入闩锁腔6636中。球形闩锁头部6634的尺寸和形状相对于闩锁腔6636被设定成当如图74所示布置时允许驱动部件6610之间的相对移动。然而,当驱动部件轴向对准,使得一个驱动部件6610的远侧面部6616与紧邻该驱动部件远侧的驱动部件的近侧面部6614邻接接合时,驱动部件6610形成可驱动击发构件6130穿过外科端部执行器6000的驱动部件的轴向刚性系列6600AR。
如图73中可见,采用柔性旋转驱动系统6700来驱动驱动部件6610的系列6600。在一种布置中,柔性旋转驱动系统6700包括柔性旋转驱动轴6710,该柔性旋转驱动轴可穿过关节运动接头6210并且包括旋转驱动齿轮6720,该旋转驱动齿轮被构造成能够螺纹地接合每个驱动部件6610上的螺纹区段6620。柔性旋转驱动轴6710可由支撑在外科器械的外壳中的马达/齿轮布置来旋转。驱动部件6610的系列6600的在旋转驱动齿轮6720近侧的部分6600F保持柔性连接或“松散”。当驱动部件6610由旋转驱动齿轮6720螺纹地接合时,这些驱动部件被驱动穿过通道6010中的管道,这使得驱动部件形成用于驱动击发构件6130穿过外科端部执行器6000的轴向刚性系列6600AR。
当击发系统部件横穿关节运动接头时施加到这些击发系统部件的扭转负载比轴向负载更不可能使关节运动接头脱离关节运动。本文所公开的各种实施方案将扭转负载传递到关节运动接头远侧的位置中的纵向负载。因为纵向负载被包含在端部执行器中,所以防止了脱离关节运动。图77示出了可提供此类优点的一个击发系统6800示例。击发系统6800包括击发构件6810,该击发构件被构造成能够以本文所述的各种方式可操作地支撑在外科端部执行器中。柔性弹簧状从动构件6820附接到击发构件6810。这种柔性弹簧状从动构件6820可跨越关节运动接头区域6840,该关节运动接头区域可获得相对较大范围的关节运动。柔性弹簧状从动构件6820被构造成能够由被可旋转地支撑的柔性弹簧状扭转驱动构件6830轴向驱动,以跨越关节运动接头区域6840。柔性弹簧状扭转驱动构件6830包括螺纹插入件6832,该螺纹插入件被构造成能够螺纹地接合在关节运动接头区域6840远侧的位置6841处的弹簧状从动构件6820。柔性弹簧状扭转驱动构件6830可由支撑在外科器械的外壳中的马达/齿轮布置来旋转。当柔性弹簧状扭转驱动构件6830在第一方向上旋转时,柔性弹簧状从动构件6820纵向平移以驱动击发构件6810。柔性扭转驱动构件6830在第二方向上的旋转将使得柔性弹簧状从动构件向近侧移动。
图78示出了另一个击发系统6850,该击发系统包括击发构件6860,该击发构件被构造成能够以本文所述的各种方式可操作地支撑在外科端部执行器中。击发构件6860由击发构件驱动组件6861驱动,该击发构件驱动组件包括通过柔性缆线6872联接在一起的球形球构件6870的系列6862。柔性球形球构件6870的此类系列6862可跨越关节运动接头区域6840,该关节运动接头区域可获得相对大范围的关节运动。柔性球形球构件6870的系列6862被构造成能够由被可旋转地支撑的柔性扭转驱动构件6880轴向驱动,以跨越关节运动接头区域6890。柔性扭转驱动构件6880包括插入件6882,该插入件被构造成能够驱动地接合在关节运动接头区域6890远侧的位置6892处的球形球构件6870。柔性扭转驱动构件6880可由支撑在外科器械的外壳中的马达/齿轮布置来旋转。当柔性扭转驱动构件6880在第一方向上旋转时,球形球构件6870被向远侧驱动成彼此接触,形成轴向刚性系列6862AR,该轴向刚性系列纵向平移以向远侧驱动击发构件6860。柔性扭转驱动构件6880在第二方向上的旋转将使得球形球构件6870的系列向近侧移动。
图79示出了另一个击发系统6950,该击发系统包括击发构件6960,该击发构件被构造成能够以本文所述的各种方式可操作地支撑在外科端部执行器中。激光切割的海波管从动构件6970附接到击发构件6960。这种柔性从动构件6970可跨越关节运动接头区域6940,该关节运动接头区域可获得相对较大范围的关节运动。柔性从动构件6970被构造成能够由被可旋转地支撑的柔性扭转驱动构件6980轴向驱动,以跨越关节运动接头区域6940。柔性扭转驱动构件6980包括螺纹插入件6982,该螺纹插入件被构造成能够螺纹地接合在关节运动接头区域6940远侧的位置6942处的柔性从动构件6970上的激光切口6972。柔性扭转驱动构件6980可由支撑在外科器械的外壳中的马达/齿轮布置来旋转。当柔性扭转驱动构件6980在第一方向上旋转时,柔性从动构件6970纵向平移以驱动击发构件6960。柔性扭转驱动构件6980在第二方向上的旋转将使得柔性从动构件6970向近侧移动。
在关节运动端部执行器中向前推动击发梁通常需要大量的力并且这种力必须是平衡的。例如,通常难以推动击发梁穿过已进行关节运动至大于六十度的角度的关节运动接头。当击发梁横穿关节运动接头时,该击发梁可将显著负载施加到关节运动接头部件上,这可导致关节运动接头脱离关节运动。图80至图84示出了击发驱动系统7300,该击发驱动系统包括附接到击发构件7310的柔性上部驱动带7320和柔性下部驱动带7330,该击发构件被构造成能够在外科端部执行器7000内在起始位置与结束位置之间移动。如图80至图82中可见,柔性上部驱动带7320包括多个间隔开的上部驱动齿7322,这些上部驱动齿被构造成能够螺纹地接合旋转驱动螺母7340上的螺旋状螺纹7342。类似地,柔性下部驱动带7330包括多个间隔开的下部驱动齿7332,这些下部驱动齿被构造成能够螺纹地接合旋转驱动螺母7340上的螺旋状螺纹7342。在至少一种布置中,柔性上部驱动带7320和柔性下部驱动带7330由金属材料形成并且被焊接到或以其他方式附接到击发构件7310。这种布置用于平衡施加到击发构件7310的击发负载。
旋转驱动螺母7340被接收在柔性旋转驱动轴7350上,该柔性旋转驱动轴居中地设置在柔性上部驱动带7320与柔性下部驱动带7330之间并且横穿总体标示为7200的关节运动接头区域。柔性旋转驱动轴7350可由支撑在外科器械的外壳中的马达/齿轮布置来旋转。当柔性旋转驱动轴7350在第一方向上旋转时,柔性上部驱动带7320和柔性下部驱动带7330将向远侧驱动击发构件7310。柔性旋转驱动轴7350在第二方向上的旋转将使得柔性上部驱动带7320和柔性下部驱动带7330向近侧拉动击发构件7310。在至少一种布置中,柔性上部驱动带7320和柔性下部驱动带7330穿过围绕旋转驱动螺母7340的引导构件7360,以防止柔性上部驱动带7320和柔性下部驱动带7330在柔性旋转驱动轴7350的致动期间绕过旋转驱动螺母7340。参见图84。
在所示布置中,击发构件7310被构造成能够移动穿过外科端部执行器7000,该外科端部执行器包括第一钳口7010和第二钳口7030,该第二钳口被构造成能够相对于第一钳口7010运动。在一个实施方案中,第一钳口7010包括细长通道7012,该细长通道被构造成能够在其中可操作地支撑外科钉仓。参见图80和图81。第二钳口7030包括砧座7032,该砧座被枢转地支撑在细长通道7012上并且可相对于细长通道7012在打开位置与闭合位置之间运动。如图82中可见,在至少一种形式中,击发构件7310包括通常被称为“E形梁”的形状。击发构件7310包括竖直延伸的击发构件主体7312,该击发构件主体具有下部基础特征部7314,该下部基础特征部包括两个横向延伸的突片7315,这两个横向延伸的突片被构造成能够当击发构件在细长通道7012中被轴向驱动时可滑动地接合该细长通道。此外,一对上部突片7316从击发构件主体7312的上部部分突出,以当击发构件7310被向远侧驱动穿过闭合的砧座7032时接合砧座7032。在击发行程期间,突片7315和7316可用于使砧座7032相对于支撑在细长通道7012中的外科钉仓间隔开。击发构件主体7312还包括组织切割特征部7318。突片7316还可用于当击发构件7310从起始位置向远侧移动时向砧座7032施加闭合运动。
在所示示例中,击发驱动系统7300还可用于向砧座7032施加打开和闭合运动。如图80至图83中可见,闭合螺母7370螺纹地接收在柔性旋转驱动轴7350上。闭合螺母7370包括凸轮销7372,该凸轮销从闭合螺母7370的每一侧横向延伸以被接收在砧座7032的砧座安装部分7034中的对应凸轮狭槽7036中。参见图80和图81。这种凸轮销7372防止闭合螺母7370与柔性旋转驱动轴7350一起旋转,使得柔性旋转驱动轴7350的旋转导致闭合螺母7370轴向移动。因此,柔性旋转驱动轴7350在第一方向上的旋转导致闭合螺母7370向远侧移动并且使砧座7032从打开位置凸轮运动到闭合位置。柔性旋转驱动轴7350在第二旋转方向上的旋转将导致闭合螺母7370向近侧移动并且使砧座7032凸轮运动回到打开位置。因此,例如,柔性旋转驱动轴7350的交替旋转可允许外科医生快速打开和闭合砧座7032以便达到抓持目的。
图85示出了另选击发驱动组件7302,该另选击发驱动组件包括具有上部驱动齿7322'的柔性上部驱动带7320'和具有下部驱动齿7332'的柔性下部驱动带7330',该柔性下部驱动带由单件材料诸如金属形成。柔性上部驱动带7320'还包括类似于击发构件7310上的上部突片7316被设置成穿过砧座7032的上部强化突片7324'以及类似于击发构件7310上的突片7315被设置成穿过通道7012的下部强化突片7334。图86示出了另选击发驱动组件7302',该另选击发驱动组件由两个带组件7302A和7302B制成,这两个带组件被层压在一起以形成具有上部驱动齿7322"的柔性上部驱动带7320"和具有下部驱动齿7332"的柔性下部驱动带7330"。每个带组件7302A、7302B还包括被设置成分别穿过砧座7032和细长通道7012的上部强化突片7324A"、7324B"和下部强化突片7334A"、7334B"。
例如,击发驱动系统7300用于向击发构件7310施加均匀的驱动运动,并且可适应可大于七十度的关节运动角度。另外,因为旋转驱动螺母7340在关节运动接头区域7200远侧的位置处接合柔性上部驱动带7320和柔性下部驱动带7330,所以线性击发负载被限制到端部执行器并且不通过关节运动接头。
实施例1—一种外科器械,该外科器械包括细长轴,该细长轴具有通过关节运动接头联接到其上的外科端部执行器,该关节运动接头被构造成能够便于外科端部执行器相对于细长轴进行选择性关节运动。外科端部执行器包括击发构件,该击发构件被支撑成用于在外科端部执行器内在起始位置与结束位置之间轴向行进。驱动组件包括驱动部件的系列,这些驱动部件由细长轴可操作地支撑,并且被构造成能够横穿关节运动接头并且与击发构件可操作地相接。驱动部件当横穿关节运动接头时彼此松弛地联结,并且被构造成能够连续地接合位于关节运动接头远侧的旋转驱动构件,使得该旋转驱动构件导致每个驱动部件变成刚性地闩锁到前一个驱动部件,以形成驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列,该轴向刚性远侧系列被构造成能够向击发构件施加轴向驱动运动,以在起始位置与结束位置之间驱动该击发构件。
实施例2—根据实施例1所述的外科器械,其中,每个驱动部件被构造成能够螺纹地接合旋转驱动构件。
实施例3—根据实施例1或2所述的外科器械,其中,旋转驱动构件包括中空螺纹构件,该中空螺纹构件被支撑成用于在关节运动接头远侧的位置处旋转,并且其中,驱动部件的系列的至少一部分中的驱动部件被构造成能够连续地螺纹地接合该中空螺纹构件。
实施例4—根据实施例3所述的外科器械,其中,当中空螺纹构件在第一旋转方向上旋转时,松弛地联结的驱动部件的系列中的远侧驱动部件螺纹地接合旋转驱动构件,以使得松弛地联结的驱动部件被连续地向远侧拉动成与旋转驱动构件可操作地螺纹接合。松弛地联结的驱动部件的系列中的每个驱动部件被闩锁成与沿远侧相邻的驱动部件刚性接合,以形成驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列。
实施例5—根据实施例4所述的外科器械,其中,当旋转驱动构件在第二旋转方向上旋转时,该旋转驱动构件向近侧拉动驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列,使得当驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列中的每个驱动部件可操作地接合旋转驱动构件时,该旋转驱动构件将驱动部件与驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列中的沿远侧相邻的驱动部件解除闩锁,以重新建立松弛地联结的驱动部件的系列。
实施例6—根据实施例1、2、3、4或5所述的外科器械,其中,驱动部件的系列的至少一部分中的每个驱动部件包括在其外周上的螺纹部分。
实施例7—根据实施例1、2、3、4或6所述的外科器械,其中,每个驱动部件通过对应的柔性构件松弛地联结到驱动部件的系列中的相邻驱动部件。
实施例8—根据实施例1、2、3、4、5、6或7所述的外科器械,其中,驱动部件的系列中的至少一些驱动部件包括驱动部件主体和闩锁腔,该驱动部件主体具有从其向远侧突出的闩锁特征部,该闩锁腔位于该驱动部件主体的近侧端部中。闩锁腔被构造成能够在其中以闩锁方式接收驱动部件的系列中的近侧相邻驱动部件的闩锁特征部。
实施例9—根据实施例8所述的外科器械,其中,驱动部件主体被构造成能够螺纹地接合旋转驱动构件。
实施例10—根据实施例9所述的外科器械,其中,中空螺纹构件包括内螺纹,该内螺纹包括可变螺距。
实施例11—根据实施例1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10所述的外科器械,其中,外科端部执行器包括第一钳口,该第一钳口包括被构造成能够可滑动地容纳击发构件的上部部分的第一管道。外科端部执行器还包括第二钳口,该第二钳口被构造成能够相对于第一钳口在打开位置与闭合位置之间运动,并且该第二钳口包括被构造成能够容纳击发构件的下部部分的第二管道。第一管道和第二管道还被构造成能够容纳驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列中的驱动部件的对应部分。
实施例12—一种外科器械,该外科器械包括细长轴,该细长轴具有通过关节运动接头联接到其上的外科端部执行器,该关节运动接头被构造成能够便于外科端部执行器相对于细长轴进行选择性关节运动。外科端部执行器包括击发构件,该击发构件被支撑成用于在外科端部执行器内在起始位置与结束位置之间轴向行进。驱动转换构件被支撑在关节运动接头远侧的位置处。柔性驱动组件由细长轴支撑并且轴向地横穿关节运动接头。柔性驱动组件被构造成能够适应外科端部执行器的关节运动,并且与驱动转换构件可操作地接合,使得当驱动转换构件被致动时,该驱动转换构件将柔性驱动组件的一部分转换成轴向刚性驱动构件区段,该轴向刚性驱动构件区段被该驱动转换构件向远侧轴向地驱动以施加轴向驱动运动,从而使击发构件在起始位置与结束位置之间移动。
实施例13—根据实施例12所述的外科器械,其中,驱动转换构件被构造成能够螺纹地接合柔性驱动组件。
实施例14—根据实施例12或13所述的外科器械,其中,驱动转换构件包括中空螺纹构件,该中空螺纹构件包括内螺纹,该内螺纹包括可变螺距。
实施例15—根据实施例12、13或14所述的外科器械,其中,外科端部执行器包括第一钳口和第二钳口,该第二钳口被构造成能够相对于所述第一钳口在打开位置与闭合位置之间运动。击发构件被构造成能够向第二钳口施加闭合运动,以当击发构件通过轴向刚性驱动构件区段在远侧方向上从起始位置移动到结束位置时使第二钳口从打开位置运动到闭合位置。
实施例16—根据实施例15所述的外科器械,其中,第一钳口包括通道,该通道被构造成能够可操作地支撑外科钉仓,该外科钉仓包括仓体,该仓体在其中可操作地支撑多个外科钉。外科钉仓还包括仓滑动件,该仓滑动件被可动地支撑在仓体中并且被构造成能够在仓体中在开始位置与结束位置之间移动以从仓体驱动外科钉。第二钳口包括砧座,该砧座被支撑成用于相对于外科钉仓在打开位置与闭合位置之间枢转行进。击发构件被构造成能够当击发构件被从起始位置驱动到结束位置时,将仓滑动件从开始位置驱动到结束位置。
实施例17—根据实施例12、13、14、15或16所述的外科器械,其中,驱动转换构件能够在第一致动方向和第二致动方向上被致动。当驱动转换构件在第一致动方向上被致动时,该驱动转换构件将柔性驱动组件的该部分转换成轴向刚性驱动构件区段,并且其中当驱动转换构件在第二致动方向上被致动时,该驱动转换构件在近侧方向上驱动轴向刚性驱动构件区段。
实施例18—根据实施例17所述的外科器械,其中,当驱动转换构件在第二致动方向上被致动时,驱动转换构件将轴向刚性驱动构件区段重新转换成柔性驱动组件的该部分。
实施例19—根据实施例12、13、14、15、16、17或18所述的外科器械,其中,通过向柔性驱动组件施加轴向应急运动,击发构件能够从在起始位置远侧的位置移动到该起始位置,而无需致动驱动转换构件。
实施例20—一种外科器械,该外科器械包括细长轴,该细长轴具有通过关节运动接头联接到其上的外科端部执行器,该关节运动接头被构造成能够便于外科端部执行器相对于细长轴进行选择性关节运动。外科端部执行器包括击发构件,该击发构件被支撑成用于在外科端部执行器内在起始位置与结束位置之间轴向行进。松弛地联结的驱动构件由细长轴可操作地支撑并且横穿所述关节运动接头,以适应所述外科端部执行器相对于细长轴的关节运动。外科器械还包括用于将松散地连接的驱动构件的在关节运动接头远侧的一部分转换成刚性驱动构件的装置,该刚性驱动构件被构造成能够向击发构件施加轴向驱动运动,以在起始位置与结束位置之间驱动击发构件。
如本文任一方面所用,术语“控制电路”可指例如硬连线电路系统、可编程电路系统(例如,计算机处理器,该计算机处理器包括一个或多个单独指令处理内核、处理单元,处理器、微控制器、微控制器单元、控制器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、可编程逻辑阵列(PLA)、场可编程门阵列(FPGA))、状态机电路系统、存储由可编程电路系统执行的指令的固件、以及它们的任何组合。控制电路可以集体地或单独地实现为形成更大系统的一部分的电路系统,例如集成电路(IC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、片上系统(SoC)、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、平板计算机、服务器、智能电话等。因此,如本文所用,“控制电路”包括但不限于具有至少一个离散电路的电子电路、具有至少一个集成电路的电子电路、具有至少一个专用集成电路的电子电路、形成由计算机程序配置的通用计算装置的电子电路(如,至少部分地实施本文所述的方法和/或装置的由计算机程序配置的通用计算机,或至少部分地实施本文所述的方法和/或装置的由计算机程序配置的微处理器)、形成存储器装置(如,形成随机存取存储器)的电子电路,和/或形成通信装置(如,调节解调器、通信开关或光电设备)的电子电路。本领域的技术人员将会认识到,可以模拟或数字方式或它们的一些组合实施本文所述的主题。
尽管已举例说明和描述了多个形式,但是申请人的意图并非将所附权利要求的范围约束或限制在此类细节中。在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下,可实现对这些形式的许多修改、变型、改变、替换、组合和等同物,并且本领域技术人员将想到这些形式的许多修改、变型、改变、替换、组合和等同物。此外,另选地,可将与所描述的形式相关联的每个元件的结构描述为用于提供由所述元件执行的功能的器件。另外,在公开了用于某些部件的材料的情况下,也可使用其他材料。因此,应当理解,上述具体实施方式和所附权利要求旨在涵盖属于本发明所公开的形式范围内的所有此类修改、组合和变型。所附权利要求旨在涵盖所有此类修改、变型、改变、替换、修改和等同物。
一个或多个部件在本文中可被称为“被构造成能够”、“可被构造成能够”、“可操作/可操作地”、“适合/适于”、“能够”、“适应/适合”等。本领域的技术人员将会认识到,除非上下文另有所指,否则“被构造成能够”通常可涵盖活动状态的部件和/或未活动状态的部件和/或待机状态的部件。
本领域的技术人员将认识到,一般而言,本文、以及特别是所附权利要求(例如,所附权利要求的正文)中所使用的术语通常旨在为“开放”术语(例如,术语“包括”应解释为“包括但不限于”,术语“具有”应解释为“至少具有”,术语“包含”应解释为“包含但不限于”等)。本领域的技术人员还应当理解,如果所引入权利要求表述的具体数目为预期的,则此类意图将在权利要求中明确表述,并且在不存在此类叙述的情况下,不存在此类意图。例如,为有助于理解,下述所附权利要求可含有对介绍性短语“至少一个”和“一个或多个”的使用以引入权利要求。然而,对此类短语的使用不应视为暗示通过不定冠词“一个”或“一种”引入权利要求表述将含有此类引入权利要求表述的任何特定权利要求限制在含有仅一个这样的表述的权利要求中,甚至当同一权利要求包括介绍性短语“一个或多个”或“至少一个”和诸如“一个”或“一种”(例如,“一个”和/或“一种”通常应解释为意指“至少一个”或“一个或多个”)的不定冠词时;这也适用于对用于引入权利要求表述的定冠词的使用。
另外,即使明确叙述引入权利要求叙述的特定数目,本领域的技术人员应当认识到,此种叙述通常应解释为意指至少所叙述的数目(例如,在没有其他修饰语的情况下,对“两个叙述”的裸叙述通常意指至少两个叙述、或两个或更多个叙述)。此外,在其中使用类似于“A、B和C中的至少一者等”的惯例的那些情况下,一般而言,此类构造意在具有本领域的技术人员将理解所述惯例的意义(例如,“具有A、B和C中的至少一者的系统”将包括但不限于具有仅A、仅B、仅C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起和/或A、B和C一起等的系统)。在其中使用类似于“A、B或C中的至少一者等”的惯例的那些情况下,一般而言,此类构造意在具有本领域的技术人员将理解所述惯例的意义(例如,“具有A、B或C中的至少一者的系统”应当包括但不限于具有仅A、仅B、仅C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起和/或A、B和C一起等的系统)。本领域的技术人员还应当理解,通常,除非上下文另有指示,否则无论在具体实施方式、权利要求或附图中呈现两个或更多个替代术语的转折性词语和/或短语应理解为涵盖包括所述术语中的一者、所述术语中的任一个或这两个术语的可能性。例如,短语“A或B”通常将被理解为包括“A”或“B”或“A和B”的可能性。
对于所附的权利要求,本领域的技术人员将会理解,其中表述的操作通常可以任何顺序进行。另外,尽管以一个或多个序列出了各种操作流程图,但应当理解,可以不同于所示顺序的其他顺序执行各种操作,或者可同时执行所述各种操作。除非上下文另有规定,否则此类替代排序的示例可包括重叠、交错、中断、重新排序、增量、预备、补充、同时、反向,或其他改变的排序。此外,除非上下文另有规定,否则像“响应于”、“相关”这样的术语或其他过去式的形容词通常不旨在排除此类变体。
值得一提的是,任何对“一个方面”、“一方面”、“一范例”、“一个范例”的提及均意指结合所述方面所述的具体特征部、结构或特征包括在至少一个方面中。因此,在整个说明书的各种位置出现的短语“在一个方面”、“在一方面”、“在一范例中”、“在一个范例中”不一定都指同一方面。此外,具体特征部、结构或特征可在一个或多个方面中以任何合适的方式组合。
本说明书提及和/或在任何申请数据表中列出的任何专利申请,专利,非专利公布或其他公开材料均以引用方式并入本文,只要所并入的材料在此不一致。因此,并且在必要的程度下,本文明确列出的公开内容代替以引用方式并入本文的任何冲突材料。据称以引用方式并入本文但与本文列出的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,将仅在所并入的材料与现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入。
概括地说,已经描述了由采用本文所述的概念产生的许多有益效果。为了举例说明和描述的目的,已经提供了一个或多个形式的上述具体实施方式。这些具体实施方式并非意图为详尽的或限定到本发明所公开的精确形式。可以按照上述教导内容对本发明进行修改或变型。选择和描述的一个或多个形式是为了说明原理和实际应用,从而使本领域的普通技术人员能够利用适用于预期的特定用途的各种形式和各种修改。与此一同提交的权利要求书旨在限定完整范围。
已结合钉的部署和变形描述了本文所述的外科器械系统;然而,本文所述的实施方案不限于此。例如,设想了部署除钉之外的紧固件诸如夹具或大头钉的各种实施方案。此外,还设想了利用用于密封组织的任何合适装置的各种实施方案。例如,根据各种实施方案的端部执行器可包括被配置成能够加热和密封组织的电极。另外,例如,根据某些实施方案的端部执行器可施加振动能量来密封组织。
本文所述的许多外科器械系统由电动马达促动;但是本文所述的外科器械系统可以任何合适的方式促动。在各种实例中,例如,本文所述的外科器械系统可由手动操作的触发器促动。在某些实例中,本文公开的马达可包括机器人控制系统的一部分或多个部分。此外,本文公开的任何端部执行器和/或工具组件可与机器人外科器械系统一起使用。例如,名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENTARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/118,241(现为美国专利9,072,535)更详细地公开了机器人外科器械系统的若干示例。
下述专利的全部公开内容据此以引用方式并入本文:
公布于1995年4月4日的名称为“ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE”的美国专利5,403,312;
公布于2006年2月21日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVINGSEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS”的美国专利7,000,818;
公布于2008年9月9日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING ANDFASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK”的美国专利7,422,139;
公布于2008年12月16日的名称为“ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTWITH CLOSURE SYSTEM AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS”的美国专利7,464,849;
公布于2010年3月2日的名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AN ARTICULATINGEND EFFECTOR”的美国专利7,670,334;
公布于2010年7月13日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利7,753,245;
公布于2013年3月12日的名称为“SELECTIVELY ORIENTABLE IMPLANTABLEFASTENER CARTRIDGE”的美国专利8,393,514;
名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING RECORDING CAPABILITIES”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,803,现为美国专利7,845,537;
提交于2008年2月14日的名称为“SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENTHAVING RF ELECTRODES”的美国专利申请序列号12/031,573;
提交于2008年2月15日的名称为“END EFFECTORS FOR A SURGICAL CUTTING ANDSTAPLING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号12/031,873(现为美国专利7,980,443);
名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号12/235,782,现为美国专利8,210,411;
名称为“MOTORIZED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号12/235,972,现为美国专利9,050,083;
名称为“POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLYRETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号12/249,117,现为美国专利8,608,045;
提交于2009年12月24日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENTWITH ELECTRIC ACTUATOR DIRECTIONAL CONTROL ASSEMBLY”的美国专利申请序列号12/647,100,现为美国专利8,220,688;
提交于2012年9月29日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE”的美国专利申请序列号12/893,461,现为美国专利号8,733,613;
提交于2011年2月28日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/036,647,现为美国专利号8,561,870;
名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENTARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/118,241,现为美国专利9,072,535;
提交于2012年6月15日的名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTCOMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE”的美国专利申请序列号13/524,049,现为美国专利9,101,358;
提交于2013年3月13日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSORSYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号13/800,025,现为美国专利9,345,481;
提交于2013年3月13日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSORSYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号13/800,067,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263552;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENTWITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM”的美国专利申请公布2007/0175955;以及
提交于2010年4月22日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT WITH ANARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR”的美国专利申请公布2010/0264194,现为美国专利8,308,040。
虽然本文已结合某些实施方案描述了各种装置,但也可实施对这些实施方案的许多修改和变型。在一个或多个实施方案中,具体特征、结构或特性可以任何合适的方式进行组合。因此,在无限制的情况下,结合一个实施方案示出或描述的具体特征、结构或特性可全部或部分地与一个或多个其他实施方案的特征、结构或特性组合。另外,在公开了用于某些部件的材料的情况下,也可使用其他材料。此外,根据多种实施方案,单个部件可被替换为多个部件,并且多个部件也可被替换为单个部件,以执行给定的一种或多种功能。上述具体实施方式和下述权利要求旨在涵盖所有此类修改和变型。
本文所公开的装置可被设计成在单次使用之后废弃,或者其可被设计成多次使用。然而无论是哪种情况,该装置都可在至少使用一次后经过修整再行使用。修整可包括以下步骤的任意组合,这些步骤包括但不限于拆卸装置、之后进行装置具体部件的清洁或更换、以及随后重新组装装置。具体地,修整设施和/或外科团队可拆卸装置,并且在清洁和/或更换装置的特定部件之后,可重新组装装置以供后续使用。本领域的技术人员将理解,对装置进行修整可利用各种技术来进行拆卸、清洁/替换和重新组装。此类技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本申请的范围内。
本文所公开的装置可在手术之前进行处理。首先,可获得新的或用过的器械,并且根据需要进行清洁。然后,可对器械进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将该器械放置在密闭且密封的容器(诸如,塑料或TYVEK袋)中。然后可将容器和器械置于可穿透容器的辐射场,诸如γ辐射、X射线和/或高能电子。辐射可杀死器械上和容器中的细菌。经消毒的器械随后可被储存在无菌容器中。密封容器可将器械保持为无菌的,直至在医疗设施中将该容器打开。还可使用本领域已知的任何其他技术对装置进行消毒,所述技术包括但不限于β辐射、γ辐射、环氧乙烷、等离子过氧化物和/或蒸汽。
尽管本发明已被描述为具有示例性设计,但可在本公开的实质和范围内进一步修改本发明。因此,本申请旨在涵盖使用本发明的一般原理的本发明的任何变型、用途或改型。

Claims (20)

1.一种外科器械,包括:
细长轴;
外科端部执行器,所述外科端部执行器通过关节运动接头联接到所述细长轴,其中所述关节运动接头被构造成能够便于所述外科端部执行器相对于所述细长轴进行选择性关节运动,并且其中所述外科端部执行器包括击发构件,所述击发构件被支撑成用于在所述外科端部执行器内在起始位置与结束位置之间轴向行进;和
驱动组件,所述驱动组件包括由所述细长轴可操作地支撑的驱动部件的系列,其中所述驱动部件被构造成能够横穿所述关节运动接头以与所述击发构件可操作地相接,其中所述驱动部件当横穿所述关节运动接头时彼此松弛地联结,并且其中所述驱动部件被构造成能够连续地接合位于所述关节运动接头远侧的旋转驱动构件,使得所述旋转驱动构件导致每个所述驱动部件变成刚性地闩锁到所述驱动部件的前一个驱动部件,以形成所述驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列,所述驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列被构造成能够向所述击发构件施加轴向驱动运动,以在所述起始位置与所述结束位置之间驱动所述击发构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中,每个所述驱动部件被构造成能够螺纹地接合所述旋转驱动构件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外科器械,其中,所述旋转驱动构件包括中空螺纹构件,所述中空螺纹构件被支撑成用于在所述关节运动接头远侧旋转,并且其中,所述驱动部件的系列的至少一部分中的所述驱动部件被构造成能够连续地螺纹地接合所述中空螺纹构件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中,当所述中空螺纹构件在第一旋转方向上旋转时,所述松弛地联结的驱动部件的系列中的所述驱动部件中的远侧驱动部件螺纹地接合所述旋转驱动构件,以使得所述松弛地联结的驱动部件被连续地向远侧拉动成与所述旋转驱动构件可操作地螺纹接合,其中,所述松弛地联结的驱动部件的系列中的每个所述驱动部件被闩锁成与所述驱动部件中的沿远侧相邻的驱动部件刚性接合,以形成所述驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械,其中,当所述旋转驱动构件在第二旋转方向上旋转时,所述旋转驱动构件向近侧拉动所述驱动部件的所述轴向刚性远侧系列,使得当所述驱动部件的所述轴向刚性远侧系列中的每个所述驱动部件可操作地接合所述旋转驱动构件时,所述旋转驱动构件将所述驱动部件与所述驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列中的所述驱动部件中的所述沿远侧相邻的驱动部件解除闩锁,以重新建立所述松弛地联结的驱动部件的系列。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科器械,其中,所述驱动部件的系列的所述至少一部分中的每个所述驱动部件包括在其外周上的螺纹部分。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中,每个所述驱动部件通过对应的柔性构件松弛地联结到所述驱动部件的系列中的相邻所述驱动部件。
8.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中,所述驱动部件的系列中的至少一些所述驱动部件包括:
驱动部件主体;
闩锁特征部,所述闩锁特征部从所述驱动部件主体向远侧突出;和
在所述驱动部件主体的近侧端部中的闩锁腔,其中,所述闩锁腔被构造成能够在其中以闩锁方式接收在所述驱动部件的系列中的近侧相邻的所述驱动部件的所述驱动部件主体上的所述闩锁特征部。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外科器械,其中,每个所述驱动部件主体被构造成能够螺纹地接合所述旋转驱动构件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的外科器械,其中,所述中空螺纹构件包括内螺纹,所述内螺纹包括可变螺距。
11.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中,所述外科端部执行器包括:
第一钳口,其中所述第一钳口包括被构造成能够可滑动地容纳所述击发构件的上部部分的第一管道;和
第二钳口,其中所述第二钳口被构造成能够相对于所述第一钳口在打开位置与闭合位置之间运动,其中所述第二钳口包括被构造成能够容纳所述击发构件的下部部分的第二管道,并且其中所述第一管道和所述第二管道被构造成能够容纳所述驱动部件的轴向刚性远侧系列中的每个所述驱动部件的对应部分。
12.一种外科器械,包括:
细长轴;
外科端部执行器,所述外科端部执行器通过关节运动接头联接到所述细长轴,其中所述关节运动接头被构造成能够便于所述外科端部执行器相对于所述细长轴进行选择性关节运动,并且其中所述外科端部执行器包括击发构件,所述击发构件被支撑成用于在所述外科端部执行器内在起始位置与结束位置之间轴向行进;
驱动转换构件,所述驱动转换构件被支撑在所述关节运动接头的远侧;和
柔性驱动组件,所述柔性驱动组件由所述细长轴支撑并且轴向横穿所述关节运动接头,其中所述柔性驱动组件被构造成能够适应所述外科端部执行器的所述关节运动,并且其中所述柔性驱动组件与所述驱动转换构件可操作地接合,使得当所述驱动转换构件被致动时,所述驱动转换构件将所述柔性驱动组件的一部分转换成轴向刚性驱动构件区段,其中,所述驱动转换构件向远侧轴向地驱动所述轴向刚性驱动构件区段以向所述击发构件施加轴向驱动运动,从而使所述击发构件在所述起始位置与所述结束位置之间移动。
13.根据权利要求12所述的外科器械,其中,所述驱动转换构件被构造成能够螺纹地接合所述柔性驱动组件。
14.根据权利要求13所述的外科器械,其中,所述驱动转换构件包括中空螺纹构件,所述中空螺纹构件包括内螺纹,所述内螺纹具有可变螺距。
15.根据权利要求12所述的外科器械,其中,所述外科端部执行器包括:
第一钳口;和
第二钳口,其中所述第二钳口被构造成能够相对于所述第一钳口在打开位置与闭合位置之间运动,并且其中所述击发构件被构造成能够向所述第二钳口施加闭合运动,以当所述击发构件通过所述轴向刚性驱动构件区段在远侧方向上从所述起始位置移动到所述结束位置时使所述第二钳口从所述打开位置运动到所述闭合位置。
16.根据权利要求15所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一钳口包括通道,所述通道被构造成能够可操作地支撑外科钉仓,其中,所述外科钉仓包括:
仓体,所述仓体在其中可操作地支撑多个外科钉;和
仓滑动件,所述仓滑动件可动地支撑在所述仓体中,其中所述仓滑动件被构造成能够在所述仓体中在开始位置与结束位置之间移动以从所述仓体驱动所述外科钉,并且其中所述第二钳口包括砧座,所述砧座被支撑成用于相对于所述外科钉仓在所述打开位置与所述闭合位置之间枢转行进,并且其中所述击发构件被构造成能够当所述击发构件被从所述起始位置驱动到所述结束位置时,将所述仓滑动件从所述开始位置驱动到所述结束位置。
17.根据权利要求12所述的外科器械,其中,所述驱动转换构件能够在第一致动方向和第二致动方向上被致动,其中当所述驱动转换构件在所述第一致动方向上被致动时,所述驱动转换构件将所述柔性驱动组件的所述部分转换成所述轴向刚性驱动构件区段,并且其中当所述驱动转换构件在所述第二致动方向上被致动时,所述驱动转换构件在近侧方向上驱动所述轴向刚性驱动构件区段。
18.根据权利要求17所述的外科器械,其中,当所述驱动转换构件在所述第二致动方向上被致动时,所述驱动转换构件将所述轴向刚性驱动构件区段重新转换成所述柔性驱动组件的所述部分。
19.根据权利要求18所述的外科器械,其中,通过向所述柔性驱动组件施加轴向应急运动,所述击发构件能够从在所述起始位置远侧的位置移动到所述起始位置,而无需致动所述驱动转换构件。
20.一种外科器械,包括:
细长轴;
外科端部执行器,所述外科端部执行器通过关节运动接头联接到所述细长轴,其中,所述关节运动接头被构造成能够便于所述外科端部执行器相对于所述细长轴进行选择性关节运动,并且其中,所述外科端部执行器包括击发构件,所述击发构件被支撑成用于在所述外科端部执行器内在起始位置与结束位置之间轴向行进;
松弛地联结的驱动构件,所述松弛地联结的驱动构件由所述细长轴可操作地支撑并且横穿所述关节运动接头,其中,所述松弛地联结的驱动构件被构造成能够适应所述外科端部执行器相对于所述细长轴的所述关节运动;和
用于将所述松弛地联结的驱动构件的在所述关节运动接头远侧的一部分转换成刚性驱动构件的装置,所述刚性驱动构件被构造成能够向所述击发构件施加轴向驱动运动,以在所述起始位置与所述结束位置之间驱动所述击发构件。
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