CN113081155A - 带有包括在钻头上滑动的探针的一体化深度计的动力手术钻机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于在诸如骨的固体物体中驱动钻头的钻机。钻机包括有孔的转子,该转子将旋转运动传递给钻头。钻头延伸穿过转子的孔。探针从钻机向前延伸以测量孔深度。探针可移动地安装在钻机上便延伸到转子的孔中。当钻机和钻头向前行进时,探针保持静止。由于钻机的行进,转子延伸超过探针的近端。
Description
本申请是申请日为2016年9月1日、申请号为201680062325.X、名称为“带有包括在钻头上滑动的探针的一体化深度计的动力手术钻机”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种动力手术钻机。本发明的动力手术钻机包括深度计,该深度计测量孔深度并且不会明显干扰对相关钻头被驱动进入其中的组织的观察。
背景技术
用于矫形手术的一种动力手术工具是手术钻机。这种工具包括容纳马达的壳体。也是钻机的一部分的联接组件将钻头可释放地保持在马达上,使得当马达致动时钻头旋转。如其名称所暗示,手术钻机在抵靠其施加钻头的组织中钻孔。一种需要钻孔的外科手术是修复骨折的创伤手术。在这种手术中,有时被称为钉子的细长棒被用于将骨的断裂区段保持在一起。为了保持钉子就位,一个或多个孔被钻进骨中。这些孔被定位成与钉子中形成的互补孔对齐。螺钉被插入每个对齐的孔和钉子的孔中。螺钉将钉子保持在相对于骨的适当位置。
在另一种手术中,被称为板的植入物被固定到骨的断裂区段的外表面以将这些区段保持在一起。螺钉将板固定到骨的单独区段。为了安装将板保持到骨上的螺钉,需要首先钻接收螺钉的孔。
作为用于在骨中钻螺钉接收孔的过程的一部分,期望获知孔的端到端深度。该信息允许外科医生选择安装在钻孔中的螺钉的尺寸。如果螺钉太短,则螺钉可能无法稳固地使其中插有螺钉的钉子就位。如果螺钉太长,则螺钉可超过骨伸出过多的距离。如果螺钉超出骨延伸过多的距离,则螺钉的暴露端会摩擦周围的组织。如果发生这种情况,与螺钉摩擦的组织会被损伤。
因此,许多骨孔形成手术的组成部分是测量孔的深度。目前,通常采用与钻机分离的深度计来进行这种测量。这需要外科医生在从孔中取出钻头之后将深度计插入孔中。然后,基于触觉反馈,外科医生设定深度计使深度计的远端仅延伸到孔的远侧开口。一旦这些过程完成,外科医生读取深度计以确定孔的深度。
该方案的缺点是,在形成孔之后,外科医生必须花费时间来进行:将深度计插入孔中;适当地放置深度计以确保孔深度被精确地测量;读取深度计以确定孔深度;以及取回深度计。必须执行这些分步骤增加了执行外科手术所需的总时间。因此,必须执行这些分步骤违背了现代外科手术的目标之一:手术应尽可能快地执行,以最小化内部组织暴露于周围环境的时间,从而最小化受到感染的时间,并且减少患者受到的麻醉。
为了避免必须花费额外的时间来测量孔深度,已经提出了包括内置深度计的手术钻机。这种钻机通常包括可滑动地安装到钻机壳体的棒。该棒被定位成与钻头平行并与钻头隔开。头部位于棒的远端。头部被定位成环绕钻头坐置。当使用该钻机时,钻机被定位成使得当棒延伸时,头部抵靠着将围绕其形成孔的骨安置。当形成孔时,头部和棒保持静止。钻机朝向头部移动。安装在钻机上的传感器监测钻机相对于棒的移动。来自传感器的钻机移动的测量值被用作孔深度的量度。
上述类型的钻机可以在组织中形成孔并且同时提供孔深度的量度。这种钻机的问题在于,与钻头间隔0.5cm或更大距离的棒和直径为0.8cm或更大的头部妨碍外科医生对钻头所抵靠的组织的观察。出于这个原因,这种特定类型的钻机未被证明是用于形成孔同时提供孔深度的量度的受欢迎装置。
发明内容
本发明涉及能够同时在组织中钻孔并提供孔深度的量度的新型实用钻机。本发明的钻机被设计成使得深度测量部件不会明显地阻挡对抵靠其施加钻头的组织的视野。本发明的另一个特征是,深度测量部件的存在不需要外科医生为了容纳深度测量部件从而明显地扩大骨附近的切口的尺寸。
本发明的钻机包括从钻机壳体延伸的钻头。钻机还包括深度计。深度计的一个部件是细长的探针,该探针可滑动地安装到壳体上以便紧邻钻头。在本发明的许多型式中,探针是在钻头上延伸的管、套管。
为了便于探针相对于钻头的靠近定位,钻头从筒状转子向前延伸,该筒状转子提供使钻头旋转的旋转力矩。在转子的孔内,存在其尺寸被设计成接收探针的近侧部分的空体(void)空间。在本发明的这个型式中,钻头被安装至联接组件,联接组件附接到转子的近端。在本发明的一些型式中,转子是马达内的转子。在本发明的其它型式中,该转子与马达分离。齿轮组件将马达的旋转轴连接到该转子,使得马达轴的旋转引起转子的旋转,转子转动钻头并且接收探针的近端。
因此,本发明的钻头被设计成使得探针穿过钻机中的开口从钻机向前延伸,钻头也从相同开口延伸。
深度计包括安装到钻机壳体上的传感器。传感器生成表示探针的远端相对于壳体的位置的信号。实际上,当使用本发明的钻机时,壳体相对于探针移动。钻头的远端位于相对于壳体的纵向位置处。因此,由传感器输出的表示壳体移动的信号被用作孔深度的量度。
本发明的钻机的另一个特征是钻机提供孔深度的量度,即使是在孔形成后钻头继续向患者体内行进的情况下。本发明的钻机通过监测由钻机的至少一个部件生成的信号来提供孔深度的量度。在本发明的一个型式中,通过监测传感器信号来进行孔端确定。更具体地,监测传感器信号以确定信号是否指示钻头的深度已经有了明显的变化。在本发明的其它型式中,通过监测由钻机内马达输出的扭矩来进行孔端确定,该马达驱动钻头或改变钻头速度。
基于钻机状态发生突然改变的信号指示,组成深度计的部件冻结住孔深度的测量值。
附图说明
本发明在权利要求中被特别指出。本发明的上述和其它特征及优势将根据下文结合附图的具体实施方式部分而被理解,在附图中:
图1是本发明的手术钻机的透视图;
图2是钻机的近端的透视图;
图3是钻机的横截面图;
图3A是钻机的筒管的近端的放大横截面图;
图4是钻机内的马达的横截面和局部透视图;
图5是马达前盖的透视和横截面图;
图6是马达后盖的透视和横截面图;
图7是层叠堆套筒和设置在堆中的绕组的透视图;
图8是马达内的转子的横截面和局部透视图;
图9是附接到马达转子的输出轴的透视图;
图10是钻机内的齿轮系和附接的驱动主轴的透视图,其中示出齿轮系的朝向远侧的部件;
图11是钻机内部的齿轮系的一部分和附接的驱动主轴的透视图,其中示出齿轮系的朝向近侧定向的部件;
图12是齿轮系的近侧部分和附接到齿轮系的驱动主轴的横截面图;
图13是钻机内的锁环的透视图;
图14是驱动主轴和锁环的横截面图;
图15是锁定致动器和用于使锁定致动器移位的按钮的分解图;
图16是监测套管相对于钻机本体的位移的变换器组件的局部分解图;
图17是变换器组件的横截面图;
图18为变换器组件的部件的透视图;
图19是变换器组件的内部的分解图;
图20是用于变换器组件的、壳体的右侧外壳的内部的透视图;
图21是用于变换器组件的、壳体的左侧外壳的内部的透视图;
图22是变换器组件内的衬套的透视图;
图23是变换器组件内的轴的透视图;
图24是作为本发明的钻机的一部分的套管的透视图;
图25是钻机的一些信号处理部件的方框和局部示意图;
图26是与本发明的钻机一起使用的钻头的透视断开图;
图27A和图27B构成提供孔深度指示的由电气部件执行的处理步骤的流程图;
图28是孔深度随时间变化的曲线;
图29是如何可以将钻机引导件安装在钻头上的透视图;
图30是图29的钻机引导件的横截面图;
图31是本发明的可替代钻机壳体的一部分的透视图;
图32是本发明的可替代钻机的横截面图;以及
图33是图32的可替代钻机内的静态套管的透视和横截面图。
具体实施方式
图1-3示出了本发明的手术钻机50以及从钻机50延伸并由该钻机旋转的钻头450。钻机50包括壳体52。在本发明的所示型式中,钻机壳体52是手枪形的。壳体52具有手柄54。也是壳体52的一部分的筒管56位于手柄54上方并且远离该手柄向近侧延伸。(“近侧”应理解为指的是朝向握住钻机50的实践者;远离施加钻头450的部位。“远侧”应理解为指的是远离握住钻机50的实践者;朝向施加钻头450的部位。)马达60设置在机头(handpiece)的筒管56中。钻头450连接到马达60以由马达旋转。显示器410安装到筒管56的近端。
用于激励马达60的电力通常由附接到手柄54的底端的电池(未示出)提供。一种这样的电池在本申请人的美国公开文件US 2007/0090788/PCT公开文件WO 2007/050439中公开,其内容通过引用明确地并入本文。电力也可以通过在控制台和钻机50之间延伸的电缆从控制台供应。一种这样的控制台在本申请人的美国专利公开文件US 2006/0074405/PCT公开文件WO 2006/039331中公开,其内容通过引用明确地并入本文。
可手动致动的触发器138和139在筒管56的远端下方从手柄54向前延伸。手柄54内部有控制模块140。控制模块140内部有监测电机60的状态以及触发器138和139的位移两者的传感器(未示出)。基于传感器产生的信号,控制模块140选择性地将来自电源的激励信号施加到马达的绕组85(图7)以引起期望的马达60的致动。控制模块140的包括对马达60的致动进行调节的部件的结构不是本发明的一部分。能够从美国专利公开文件US 2007/0085496/PCT公开文件WO 2007/002180获得对控制模块140的设计的进一步理解,其内容通过引用明确地并入本文。
本发明的手术钻机50还包括紧邻钻头450定位的探针。在本发明的示出型式中,探针是管状的,套管380周向地围绕钻头450。套管380可滑动地安装至钻机壳体52。变换器组件260(图16)产生表示套管380的远端相对于钻机壳体52的位置的信号。基于这些信号,与钻机50一体的其它部件致使数据在显示器410上呈现,数据指示由钻头450形成的孔的深度。
如图4所示,马达60包括前盖62和与前盖62轴向对齐并且与该前盖向远侧地间隔开的后盖92。如图5所示,前盖62包括管状形状的边沿66。在边沿66的具有大外径的近侧区段和边沿66的具有小外径的远侧区段之间的台阶未标出。三个等角度间隔开的脚部64(图5示出两个脚部)从边沿66的近端向近侧突出。板68在边沿66的远端上延伸。凸起70从板68向前延伸。凸起70被形成用于限定孔72,孔72从凸起的远端延伸并且通向由边沿66限定的圆柱形空体中。前盖62还被形成用于限定管状套筒74。套筒74从板68的朝向近侧的面向近侧延伸。前盖62被形成为使得套筒74与板68中的通向孔72的开口径向向外地间隔。位于由边沿66限定的空间内的套筒74与边沿的圆柱形内壁径向向内地间隔。
如图6中最佳示出,后盖92包括管状外套筒94。外套筒94的外径和内径分别基本等于前盖的边沿66的外径和内径。三个等角度间隔开的脚部93(示出两个支部)从外套筒94的远端向前延伸。后盖92还包括内套筒98。内套筒98被设置在外套筒94中并且与外套筒94径向向内地间隔。也是后盖92的一部分的圆形腹板96在套筒94和套筒98的近端之间延伸,以将套筒连接在一起。从腹板96向前向远侧延伸的内套筒98在长度上比外套筒94短。凸边(lip)102从内套筒98的远端径向向内突出。
现在参考图7描述的管形层叠堆78被设置在前盖62与后盖92之间。层叠堆78由叠片钢制成。一种这样的钢是被称为Carpenter高渗透性“49”合金的可从美国宾夕法尼亚州怀奥米辛的Carpenter Technology Corporation获得的镍铁合金。层叠堆78的外壁基本是圆柱形的。层叠堆78的外壁的直径约等于前盖62的边沿66和后盖92的外套筒94的共用直径。三个等角度间隔开的纵向延伸的凹槽80从层叠堆78的外表面向内延伸。当马达60被组装时,前盖62的朝向近侧的脚部64坐置在凹槽80的远端中。作为后盖92的一部分的朝向远侧的脚部93坐置在凹槽80的近端中。
层叠堆78进一步形成为使得多个凹槽82从堆的内表面向内延伸(一个凹槽82被标出)。马达绕组85坐置在凹槽82中,该绕组的两个端部在图7中示出。绕组85向外延伸,超过层叠堆78的相反的近端和远端。当马达60被组装时,绕组85的从层叠堆78向近侧延伸的区段各自延伸到后盖92的外套筒94和内套筒98之间的环形空体空间中。绕组85的从层叠堆78的远端向前突出的区段坐置在前盖62的边沿66和套筒74之间的环形空体空间中。
在图8中最佳示出,马达60的转子110是管状形状的。转子110在近端处具有脚部112。脚部112的直径允许脚部在由后盖92内的凸边102的内表面限定的圆形空间中自由旋转。在脚部112的前方,转子110具有躯干部114。躯干部114被成形为具有外表面,该外表面在与穿过转子110的纵向轴线垂直的横截面中呈现为多边形。躯干部114具有的面115的数量对应于下文讨论的设置在躯干部上的磁体118的数量。在图8中,一个面115的边缘被标出。躯干部114的外表面115从脚部112的外表面径向向外地定位。转子110被进一步成形为具有在躯干部114前方延伸的头部116。转子的头部116的外径从相邻躯干部114的面115径向向内地定位。孔117从脚部112的近端轴向地延伸穿过转子110到达头部116的远端。
多个等角度间隔开的磁体118抵靠躯干部114的外表面设置。每个磁体118被设置在躯干部114的外表面115中的一个单独外表面上。在本发明的所示型式中,六个磁体118被设置在躯干部114上。图8中示出六个磁体118中的三个。管形套筒120围绕磁体118。套筒120将磁体118保持到转子110上。
轴承组件122和124将转子110可旋转地保持在延伸穿过层叠堆78的孔中。(轴承组件122和124的内座圈和外座圈未示出。)轴承组件122的内座圈抵靠转子支脚112坐置。轴承组件122的外座圈抵靠与后盖92一体的内套筒98的圆柱形内表面坐置。轴承组件124的内座圈抵靠转子的头部116坐置。轴承组件124的外座圈抵靠前盖62内的套筒74的圆柱形内表面坐置。
在图9中最佳示出,输出轴128从转子110向近侧向后延伸。输出轴128具有管状杆130。杆130的尺寸被设置为与转子110内部的孔117压配合。头部132位于杆130的近端处。头部132具有径向向外地延伸超过杆130的齿134,其中两个齿被标出。
当本发明的钻机50被组装时,可以从图3A看出,输出轴128的头部132位于马达后盖92的近端的紧后方。管状的马达螺母136在后盖92上延伸并从后盖92向后突出。马达螺母136的外表面中的一个形成有图4中示出的螺纹137。马达螺母136的螺纹137接合壳体52的筒管56的内表面上的互补螺纹。(壳体的螺纹未示出)。马达螺母136将马达60和下述齿轮系142保持在壳体的筒管56中。
齿轮系142有时被称为传动装置,其部件在图10至图12中最佳示出,该齿轮系将马达的转子110的旋转力矩传递到钻机450。在本发明的所示型式中,齿轮系142由两个行星齿轮组件组成。一个行星齿轮组件包括第一盘形载架148。三个等角度间隔开的行星齿轮146被可旋转地安装至载架148,以便从载架的朝向远侧的面向前延伸。孔150延伸穿过载架148的中心。与载架148一体的太阳齿轮未示出,该太阳齿轮位于载架的朝向近侧的面的后方。
第二行星齿轮组件包括第二盘形载架,载架156。三个等角度间隔开的行星齿轮154(其中两个在图11中标出)被可旋转地安装至载架156,以便邻近载架156的朝向远侧的面。凸起158从载架156的朝向近侧的面向后突出。载架156进一步形成为具有中心定位的孔162。孔162延伸穿过载架156并且部分地穿过凸起158。未标出孔162的不同区段。孔162通向凸起158中形成的沉孔164。直径大于孔162的沉孔164延伸到凸起158的近端。
载架156在紧靠孔162的开口端处具有凹槽165,该凹槽从载架的限定孔162的内表面径向向外延伸。O型环166被坐置在凹槽165中并突出到孔162中。O型环166充当下述的静态套管602(图33)和载架156之间的密封件。
齿轮系142还包括仅在图3A中标出的套筒170。套筒170邻接后盖92并且从该后盖向近侧延伸远离。套筒170的尺寸被设置为接收行星齿轮组件。套筒170的内表面形成有齿(未标出齿)。在组装齿轮系140时,行星齿轮146和154的齿接合与套筒170一体的齿。因此,套筒170充当两个行星齿轮组件的单个静态环形齿轮。
当钻机50被组装时,齿轮系142紧邻马达60近侧定位。输出轴的头部132坐置在行星齿轮146之间并与行星齿轮接合。因此,输出轴的头部132充当第一行星齿轮组件的太阳轮。在本发明的一些型式中,齿轮系132降低旋转速度,使得凸起158相对于输出轴128的速度比大约为1:10至1:20。
主轴174也在图10至图12示出,其被安装到行星齿轮组件的凸起158以与该凸起一致地旋转。主轴174是管状形状的。主轴174的外径便于主轴在凸起158内的沉孔164中压配合。主轴174形成有孔176,该孔在孔的相反的近端和远端之间轴向延伸穿过主轴。在近端的紧前方处,主轴174形成为使得齿178向内突出到孔176中。齿178延伸等于孔176的总长度的大约三分之一的距离。在齿178的远侧,孔176的壁是光滑的。
主轴174进一步形成有两个侧孔180。侧孔180相对于穿过孔178的纵向轴线彼此径向相对。侧孔180位于齿178的远端前方一短段距离处。每个侧孔180从主轴的外表面延伸到孔176中。每个侧孔180的形状为,随着从开口的外表面径向向内延伸,孔180的直径减小。凹槽181向内地并且周向地围绕主轴174的外表面延伸。凹槽181位于主轴174的近端前方小于1cm的一短段距离处。
现在首先参考图13和图14描述将钻头450可释放地保持到钻机50的联接组件的部件。联接组件包括两个球体184。每个球体184坐置在主轴174中形成的侧孔180中的一个单独侧孔内。组成钻机50的部件被布置成,使得每个球体184可以部分地突出穿过其中坐置有孔的侧孔180的小直径开口。因此,球体184可以伸入但不完全进入主轴174中形成的轴向主孔176。球体184的尺寸被进一步设定为从主轴174向外突出。
锁环186选择性地将球体184保持到主轴174,从而阻止球体移出轴向主孔176。锁环186包括圆柱形套环188。锁环在紧邻套环188的近侧具有头部190。在大约300°的弧上,头部190径向向外地突出超过套环188。锁环186进一步形成为使得头部190形成有位于套环188的相反侧上的渐缩表面192。渐缩表面192的相对侧从头部190的相对的弧形端部开始。随着渐缩表面192的区段延伸远离头部190的这些端部,渐缩表面192朝向钻机50的远端倾斜。
锁环186包括若干个连续的孔。孔196从套环188的远端向近侧延伸。孔196通向孔198。孔198的直径比孔196的小。孔202从孔198的近端向近侧延伸。孔202是渐缩的。因此,随着孔202从孔198向近侧延伸,孔202的直径减小。孔202通向恒定直径的孔204。锁环186形成为使得孔204的直径等于孔202的相邻最小直径部分。形成钻机50的部件进一步形成为使得孔204的直径略大于主轴174的直径。孔204的直径是,当其中锁环186的形成孔204的区段设置在主轴侧孔180上时,锁环的限定孔204的圆柱形内壁将球体184保持在主轴侧孔180中。更具体地,球体184被保持在主轴侧孔180中,从而球体延伸到主轴174的轴向主孔176中。
从孔204向近侧延伸,锁环186形成有孔206。孔206的直径比孔204的大。锁环186形成为使得孔206延伸到锁环的头部190近侧。
当钻机50被组装时,锁环186坐置在主轴174上,使得锁环186的头部190被设置在主轴的近侧区段上。在孔206内,弹簧210围绕主轴174设置,以被定位在主轴和锁环的限定孔206的圆柱形内壁之间。图3A中示出,弹簧的一端抵靠卡环212坐置,该卡环坐置于主轴的凹槽181中。弹簧210的相反端抵靠锁环的介于内孔204和206之间的台阶坐置。因此,弹簧212通常向远侧向前顶推锁环。锁环186通常处于其中锁环的限定孔204的内表面环绕抵靠球体184定位的位置。当锁环186处于该位置时,联接组件处于锁定位置。
图15中最佳示出,被可移动地设置在外壳402中的锁定致动器218使锁环186在锁定位置和负载位置之间移动。锁定致动器218形成有矩形基部220。两个平行的间隔开的叉齿222从基部的主表面中的一个向外延伸。叉齿222彼此间隔开,因此锁环的套环188可以坐置在叉齿之间。锁定致动器218形成为使得叉齿222具有共面的渐缩表面224。在组装钻机50时,锁定致动器218相对于锁环186定位,使得锁环的渐缩表面224邻接锁环的渐缩表面192的间隔开的区段。
锁定致动器218进一步形成有孔228。孔228从基部220的延伸出叉齿222的表面向内延伸。孔228延伸至基部220的相反表面。
释放按钮230使锁定致动器移位。释放按钮具有杆232,该杆的端部安装在锁定致动器218内的孔228中。释放按钮230的杆232延伸穿过安装有显示器410的外壳402中的开口。释放按钮具有位于杆的端部上的与致动器间隔的头部234。按钮230的头部234坐置在外壳402里形成的孔403中并且延伸出外壳,如图3A中最佳示出。弹簧238围绕杆232的被设置在孔403中的部分布置。弹簧238的一端抵靠端部的孔403周围的环形台阶坐置。弹簧238的相反端压靠与释放按钮230一体的头部234的下侧。弹簧238在释放按钮230上施加力,导致该释放按钮通常将锁定致动器218保持在致动器的基部220与锁环186隔开的位置。当锁定致动器218处于该位置时,联接组件处于锁定状态。
图16至图19中示出,变换器组件260设置在位于壳体的筒管56的远端的紧前方的一对相对的外壳中。在图20中最佳示出一个外壳,即右外壳262。外壳262包括基部264。半圆形的臂部266从基部突出。臂部266的尺寸被设定成适配壳体筒管56的相邻开口端。
右外壳262形成有若干个空体。一个空体,空体270,从外壳262的抵靠相对的左外壳286坐置的面向内延伸。空体270是圆形的。圆形空体272从空体270的基部向内延伸。空体272的直径小于空体270的直径。右外壳还有凹口274。凹口274从外壳内限定空体270的圆柱形壁向外延伸。在右外壳中形成的另一个空体是通道276。右外壳262形成为使得通道276沿从臂部266延伸到外壳的远端的纵向轴线居中。通道276是弧形的,使得通道的基部包成(substand)大约150°的弧。通道276与空体270相交。通道276由空体270紧下方的侧壁(未标出)限定,该侧壁从外壳262的内面垂直向内延伸。右外壳262进一步形成为使得两个半圆形的肋278从外壳的限定通道276的弯曲内壁向外延伸。一个肋278位于空体270的近侧。第二肋278位于空体270的远侧。
现在参考图21描述的左外壳286是其中容纳组成变换器组件260的部件的第二外壳。左外壳286包括基部288。虽然在附图中未示出,但是外壳262和286各自的基部264和288的外侧基本是彼此的镜像。左外壳包括从基部288延伸的臂部290。臂部290基本是右外壳的臂部266的镜像部件。
左外壳286被形成以限定若干个空体。这些空体中的一个是从外壳的内面向内延伸的圆形空体294。空体294具有与空体270相同的直径。当外壳262被组装在一起时,空体270和294是连续的。圆形空体296从空体294的基部向内延伸。空体296的直径比空体294的小。左外壳286也形成有位于空体296的基部以内的外部通道298。通道298大体是矩形的。跨越通道296的从近侧到远侧的宽度小于空体296的直径。通道298延伸至基部288的底部。圆形空体302位于左外壳286的对通道298的基部进行限定的内表面以内。左外壳形成为使得空体294、296和302同轴。空体302的直径小于空体296的直径。左外壳286还具有相对于外部通道298凹陷的大体矩形的内部通道304。更具体地,左外壳286形成为使得空体302和内部通道304具有共面的基部。内部通道304从外部通道的最靠近臂部290处的区段向内延伸。
左外壳286还具有从近侧到远侧延伸的通道306。通道306是右外壳的通道276的镜像。通道306与空体294的部分和外部通道298的部分相交。左外壳286还包括从外壳的限定通道306的内表面向外突出的两个肋308。肋308和与右外壳262一体的肋278呈镜像。
未标出用于将外壳262和286保持在一起或将外壳保持到钻机壳体52的紧固件。当钻机50被组装时,臂部266和290延伸到筒管56的开口端中。连续的通道276和306的共用近端也通向筒管56。参考图22描述的由诸如青铜的低摩擦材料形成的衬套316被设置在连续的通道276和306中。衬套316包括位于近侧的脚部318和位于远侧的并且在脚部318的前方隔开的头部324。衬套的脚部318和头部324被分别成形为类似于具有截头外边沿的垫圈。更具体地,衬套的脚部318和头部324的尺寸被设置为抵靠外壳262和290的分别限定通道276和306的内表面坐置。衬套的脚部318和头部324各具有平面。仅衬套的脚部318的平面319被标出。该平面邻接外壳262和290的限定通道276和306的平坦内面。这种平面对平面的邻接约束了衬套316的旋转。衬套的脚部318和头部324各自形成有从该部件的外弯曲表面向内延伸的凹槽323。图16中标出凹槽323。当钻机被组装时,肋278和308坐置于衬套的凹槽323中。这种肋在凹槽中的坐置用于防止衬套316相对于外壳262和286的纵向运动。衬套的脚部318和头部324各自具有居中定位的贯通开口。图22中仅标出穿过头部324的开口321。
也是衬套316的一部分的腹板320在脚部318和头部324之间延伸。在横截面中,在与沿衬套从近侧到远侧的纵向轴线垂直的平面中,腹板320呈现弧形形状并且包成大约90°的弧。衬套的脚部318和头部324中的中心开口通向与腹板320相邻的空间。仅在图19中标出的也是衬套320的一部分的凸起325从头部324的内表面向内延伸。凸起325延伸到开口321中。
变换器组件260包括齿轮326。齿轮326包括圆柱形基部328和同轴的圆柱形头部330。头部330的直径大于基部328的直径。齿332(其中一个齿被标出)从头部330径向向外延伸。轴向延伸穿过齿轮326的孔未标出。
齿轮326坐置在外壳262和286内的空体中。基部328坐置在左外壳286内的空体296中。齿轮头部330坐置在连续的空体270和294中。齿轮的齿332被理解为突出到连续的通道276和306中。更具体地,齿轮的齿位于通道276和306内,以便位于衬套316的脚部318和头部324之间。
图23中最佳示出,轴336轴向延伸穿过齿轮326。轴336包括圆柱形脚部338。邻近脚部338,轴包括腿部340。腿部340的直径大于脚部338的直径。邻近腿部340,轴具有圆柱形躯干部342。躯干部342的直径大于腿部的直径。躯干部342是轴的一部分,其被设计成压配合到或以其它方式稳固地坐置在轴向延伸穿过齿轮326的孔中。轴336具有从躯干部向外突出的颈部344。颈部344具有部分圆柱形的形状。颈部的弯曲部分的曲率半径小于躯干部342的半径。也是轴336的一部分的头部346从颈部344向外延伸。头部346具有部分圆柱形的形状。头部的弯曲表面的曲率半径小于颈部344的相邻的弯曲区段的曲率半径。
轴336进一步形成有纵向延伸穿过脚部338和腿部340的槽350,并且由于制造原因,该槽进入躯干部342一短段距离。槽350在穿过脚部338、腿部340和躯干部342的共用轴线上居中。轴336进一步形成为使得颈部344和头部346限定共用的平面352。将显而易见的是,头部346中存在平面352以易于组装。
两个轴承组件354和356将轴336以及(延伸到)齿轮326可旋转地保持在外壳262和286中。(轴承组件的座圈未标出。)轴承组件354坐置在右外壳262内的空体272中。轴承组件354具有围绕轴的脚部338延伸的内座圈。轴承组件354的外座圈抵靠外壳262内限定空体272的圆柱形壁设置。轴承组件356坐置在左外壳286内的空体302中。轴承组件356的外座圈抵靠左外壳286的限定空体302的内表面坐置。轴承组件的内座圈围绕轴的头部346设置。
电位计360被设置在左外壳286的外部通道298中。轴的颈部344延伸穿过电位计以使电位计的电刷移位。平面352邻接电位计内使电位计内的电刷旋转的相邻平面。内部通道304被设置成用作容纳延伸至电位计360的导线的空体。限定内部通道304的壁还保持电位计360不旋转。
齿轮326和电位计360的电刷都连接到轴336。因此,齿轮326的旋转导致电位计电刷的相同位移。
变换器组件260还包括盘旋形(spiral)弹簧364。弹簧364被设置在右外壳的空体270中,以便位于空体的基部和齿轮的头部330之间。弹簧364的外端部坐置在凹口274中。弹簧364的内端部延伸到轴336内的槽350中。
盘362被设置在右外壳268内限定空体270的基部的表面和弹簧364之间。盘366被设置在齿轮的头部330和弹簧364之间。没有标出盘362和366中的被轴336延伸穿过的孔。盘362和366在弹簧364和变换器组件260的相邻的部件之间提供低摩擦界面。
在图24中最佳示出,套管380是管状结构。套管380的外径允许套管在延伸穿过马达的转子110的孔117中紧贴地滑动。组成钻机50的部件被进一步布置成,使套管可以滑动穿过在衬套316的脚部318和头部324中形成的开口。而且,套管可以在衬套316的腹板320上滑动。在套管380的近端前方隔开的缺口在套管的一区段上弧形地延伸,以便给出套管的齿382,其中两个齿被标出。套管380被成形为使得齿382与齿轮的齿332啮合。套管形成为使得齿延伸等于套管总长度的约30%至50%的距离。
管腔381轴向延伸穿过套管。在本发明的许多型式中,套管的外表面和内部限定管腔表面之间的套管壁厚为2mm或更小。在本发明的更优选的型式中,该壁厚为1mm或更小。虽然未示出,但在本发明的一些型式中,套管的远端形成有锥形。该锥形是,在套管的最远端处,套管的壁厚甚至小于该远端的近侧的壁厚。
套管380还形成有沿着套管纵向延伸的凹槽384。示出凹槽384从套管的与形成有齿382的表面相对的表面延伸到套管中。套管380还形成有若干个椭圆形贯通开口386,其中两个开口被标出。贯通开口386位于齿382的前方。开口386延伸到轴向延伸穿过套管的管腔381。当本发明的钻机50被致动时,贯通开口386起到通口的作用,被钻出的材料通过该通口从套管380排出。
套管380可滑动地安装在衬套316中。套管380延伸穿过衬套的头部324和衬套的支脚318。套管向远侧向前延伸出衬套的头部324中的贯通开口321。套管的被安装在衬套中的特定区段是套管的其上形成有齿382的区段。齿382与齿轮的齿332啮合。当套管380安装到钻机上时,从衬套的腹板320向外突出的凸起325坐置在与套管一体的凹槽384中。这种凸起在凹槽中的布置允许套管380相对于钻机50的其余部分进行从近侧至远侧的纵向运动,同时约束套管相对于钻机的其余部分的旋转。
还应该理解的是,弹簧364在轴336上施加扭矩,引起轴以及(延伸到)齿轮326旋转。当从图16的角度观察时,扭矩促使轴在顺时针方向上旋转。齿轮326的旋转引起套管的移动。更具体地,套管远离钻机壳体52向远侧向前移位。当齿轮的齿332邻接套管的在套管的齿382近侧的无齿部分时,套管的移动停止。齿轮的齿抵靠套管外表面的这种邻接阻止齿轮326进一步旋转。
图2中最佳示出,外壳402容纳显示器410。外壳402被安装到筒管56的近端。显示器410被安装到外壳,以便从外壳的近端朝向近侧。与本发明的钻机的其它部件一样,外壳402、显示器410由能够经受用于对钻机进行消毒从而使钻机能够用于手术的过程的严格性的部件构成。通常,钻机50被构造成能够承受暴露于高压灭菌消毒过程。在高压灭菌消毒过程中,钻机被置于温度为125℃且压力为2bar的蒸汽(水蒸气)饱和的环境中。
图25描绘了钻机50的基本电气部件,其基于套管380的位置提供由钻头450形成的孔的深度的指示。确保将适当电位的驱动信号供应给孔深度显示部件的电压调节部件未被标出。提供关于孔深度信息的部件包括电位计360。电压被施加到电位计360的一端。电位计360的相反端接地。电位计的电刷处存在的电压被施加给信号处理器408。还示出附接到信号处理器408的是归零开关406。在附图中,示出开关406被安装到显示器外壳402。
信号处理器408包括未示出的若干个部件。这些部件包括存储器。存储器容纳了钻机50为了生成孔深度的指示所需的指令和数据。信号处理器408还包括时钟或计时器,其目的将在下文变得清晰。
基于电位计360的电刷和电位计的一个端子之间存在的电压变化以及来自归零开关406的信号,信号处理器408生成代表由钻头450形成的孔的深度的数据。代表孔深度的信号被施加到显示器410。
现在参照图26描述钻头450的特征。钻头包括细长的轴杆458。本发明的部件布置成使得钻头的轴杆458的直径约为0.02至0.25mm,小于套管管腔381的直径。这两个部件的相对尺寸允许钻头450在套管380内既自由旋转又纵向移动。在轴杆458的近端,套管具有脚部452。脚部452在与穿过钻头450的从近侧至远侧的纵向轴线垂直的横截面中呈多边形形状。更具体地,脚部452被成形为使得相邻侧面之间的拐角区段可以适配在驱动主轴174的齿178之间。这种面抵靠齿的布置便于扭矩从驱动主轴174传递到钻头450。
在脚部452的前方,凹槽456在轴杆458中形成。凹槽456从轴杆的外表面向内延伸并且周向地围绕轴杆延伸。钻头450形成为使得凹槽456具有弧形形状。更具体地,钻头450形成为使得凹槽456可以接收球体184。
钻头450的远端形成有螺旋槽460,一个螺旋槽被标出。螺旋槽460被设计成用于钻出组织,通常是骨,其中钻机50用于形成孔。螺旋槽460的几何形状,包括钻头450的远端的几何形状,不是本发明的一部分。
本发明的钻机50的使用准备通常始于钻头450到钻机的可拆卸附接。为了执行该过程,向内按下按钮230。这造成锁定致动器218沿着与穿过钻机的筒管56的纵向轴线垂直的平面侧向移动。渐缩表面224抵靠锁环186的相邻渐缩表面192移动。锁定致动器218施加在锁环186上的力足以克服弹簧210置于锁环上以将锁环保持在锁定位置处的力。锁环186因而被向近侧推动。由于锁环186的这种移动,锁环的限定孔204的区段向近侧移动,离开主轴的侧孔180和球体184。球体184能够移出主轴的主孔176。联接组件处于负载状态。
在将钻头450联接到钻机的过程中,可能需要向近侧推动套管380以便该套管缩回到钻机筒管56中。手指力足以克服弹簧364置于套管上的以将套管保持在伸出位置的力。
当联接组件处于负载状态时,将钻头450插入钻机50中。钻头450被插入穿过套管380。当钻头450的近侧部分向近侧移动超过转子时,钻头的这部分移动穿过齿轮系142内的孔150和162并进入驱动主轴174。由于钻头450的这种定位,钻头的脚部452的拐角坐置在驱动主轴174的齿178之间。一旦钻头450被如此固定,就松开施加到按钮230的手指力。弹簧238使释放按钮230和锁定致动器218返回到锁定状态。然后弹簧210推动锁环186回到锁定状态。由于锁环186的移动,锁环的限定孔202的渐缩表面被抵靠着球体顶推。这种锁环抵靠球体的邻接将球体推入孔180中的完全坐置位置。当锁环186完全返回到锁定位置时,球体184就被锁环的限定孔204的表面限制向外移动。球体184因此被锁定在钻头450内的凹槽456中。球体184在凹槽456中的坐置将钻头保持到驱动主轴174。
当钻头450被锁定到驱动主轴174时,松开用于将套管380保持在缩回位置的力。由弹簧364产生的扭矩造成齿轮326的旋转,这使套管返回到伸出位置。当套管380这样定位时,套管的远端位于钻头450的远端的前方一短段距离处。该距离通常小于1cm。
还应当理解的是,当钻头450安装到壳体52上时,钻头通过衬套的头部324中的开口321从壳体伸出,套管380从相同的开口向前向远侧延伸。
如果需要,则钻机50连接到诸如电池或电力控制台的电源。
为了设定钻机50以供使用,首先定位钻机,使套管380的远端邻接将围绕其形成孔的骨的表面。如果孔要形成在诸如板的外科植入物下方,则在植入物被定位后,将钻机定位成使得套管邻接植入物的暴露表面。植入物形成有开口,通过该开口钻头被按压以形成孔。由于钻机50的这种初始定位,套管380被阻止进一步行进。
当套管380被阻止行进时仍然可以使钻头450以及(延伸到)钻机50向前向远侧行进。这是因为弹簧364没有施加足够的力来阻止齿轮326的逆时针旋转。因此,一旦套管被定位,随着钻头450行进穿过套管,钻机继续定位,直到钻头的远端撞击要穿过其形成孔的组织的表面。
在该步骤以及随后的实际钻骨步骤中,视觉上好像是套管缩回到钻机50中。实际上,套管380是静止的。钻机50在套管380上行进。
钻头450抵靠目标组织的邻接使钻机50停止进一步行进。此时,钻机被设定以在组织中形成期望的孔。此时,按下归零开关406,即图27A的步骤482。响应于接收到归零按钮被按下的信号,处理器408将电位计360的电刷处存在的电压存储为操作的零状态电压。
为了使钻头450行进,外科医生按下恰当的触发器138或139。为了本说明书的目的,假定当按下触发器138时,控制模块140产生要被施加至马达以引起钻头的正向旋转的驱动信号,钻头的旋转驱动钻头进入骨(未示出的步骤)。
在步骤484,当钻头行进到骨中时,钻机壳体50和壳体内的部件与钻头一起行进。回顾的是,套管380由于套管抵靠组织或植入物的连续邻接而被阻止行进,其中植入物围绕要在其中形成孔的组织。由于钻机壳体52的移动,齿轮326通过齿轮在套管380上的移动而继续旋转。齿轮的旋转造成电位计360的电刷的相同位移。这导致电位计的电压输出相对于零状态电压的变化。步骤486表示对电位计电刷的电压的测量以及进行测量的时间。作为步骤486的一部分,进行电压测量的时间也被记录。这些时间数据以来自钻机50内的定时器或时钟的时间或时钟数据为依据。步骤488是这两个电压之间的差值的由信号处理器进行的计算。该第二电压被称为当前状态电压。
基于当前状态电压与零状态电压之间的差值,处理器408在步骤490中确定由钻头450形成的孔的当前深度。在本发明的一些型式中,通过将该电压差用作算法的输入变量来进行该确定。该算法的输出值是孔的当前深度。或者,通过参考一组查找表来在步骤490中确定孔的当前深度。在这些表格中,输入值是电压差值,输出值是孔深度。
应该理解的是,在步骤490中计算的实际值是齿轮326在静止的套管380上已经行进的周向距离的量度。该距离对应于在按下复位按钮之后钻头450已经超出套管的远端的距离。如下文所讨论的,该距离通常是但不总是抵靠其施加钻头450的组织中的孔的深度。
作为步骤490的一部分,信号处理器记录了指示每次进行孔深度确定的时间的数据。这些时间数据基于进行电压测量的时间。
步骤492是处理器在显示器410上呈现孔深度的当前测量值。
当钻机50行进时,套管380看起来缩进并超过包含变换器组件260的外壳262和282。套管的近侧区段缩进转子的孔117中。通常,套管380设置有对允许钻头50在套管上行进的范围进行限制的部件。这是为了防止快速旋转的输出轴128压靠静止的套管380。在本发明的一些型式中,为了防止这种部件邻接,一种静止的环(未示出)被设置和牢固地安装到套管上。该环被定位成使得,当钻机50行进了套管的某个距离时,钻机的朝前面,实际上是衬套的头部324的朝前面邻接该环。这种钻机抵靠环的邻接防止钻机行进到输出轴128压靠套管380的位置。
通常,钻机50被设计为使得钻机可以在套管上行进至少1cm,并且更通常地至少5cm并且更优选地至少10cm。在本发明的大多数型式中,钻机50被设计成使得钻机可以在套管上行进比钻机意图形成的最深孔的深度多至少等于0.5cm的距离。
在步骤494中,处理器408确定当前孔深度是否大于预先存储的最深孔深度。如果步骤494的评估测试为正,则处理器认为钻机50处于钻头450正在行进的状态。在步骤496中,处理器将最深孔深度的值重置为刚刚计算出的当前孔深度。
如果步骤494的评估测试为正则执行的另一个步骤是确定穿透(breakthrough)深度,即步骤498。穿透深度是当钻头穿透骨时孔的深度。因此穿透深度是骨中完整形成的孔的深度。在本发明的一型式中,用于确定穿透深度的一个变量是达到最深孔深度的时间。在本发明的这些型式中,穿透深度是在钻头处于最深孔深度之前的固定时间处的最深孔深度。
通过参考图28的曲线530解释这种关系背后的逻辑。曲线530表示由变换器组件测量出的随时间变化的孔深度。曲线的区段532表示,随着钻头450行进穿过骨,孔深度随着时间以相对低的速度增加。区段532中的凹陷534表示,当钻头450正在行进穿过骨时,钻头的当前深度可以暂时小于孔深度的情况可能存在。如果外科医生暂时缩回然后重置钻头450,则会发生这种情况。在时间段533中,在钻头被缩回之后直到钻头末端再次接触骨期间,步骤494的评估测试为负。
点538表示钻头450穿透骨时的孔深度和时间。在该时间处,外科医生仍然在钻机上施加轴向力以推进钻头450。因此,当穿透发生时,钻头继续行进一小段时间。软组织比骨对钻头的行进造成较少阻力。因此,在该时间段中,钻头450的行进速度高于先前发生的行进的速度。钻头的这种高速行进由曲线530的区段540表示。点542表示外科医生停止推进钻头的孔深度和时间。该深度被称为最终穿透深度。该深度是在步骤496的最后执行中设定的最深孔深度值。
曲线530的区段544表示钻头450从患者处完全撤回。点546表示,由于钻头撤回和钻机50从套管380上缩回,处理器408计算出孔深度返回到零深度状态。应该理解的是,在该撤回过程中,外科医生通常致动钻头。外科医生通常通过反向驱动钻头450来执行该步骤。在本发明的所述型式中,通过按下触发器139,马达60反向运转。
在本发明的一种型式中,步骤498的确定是基于时间帧(time frame)的开始时间,时间帧的结束时间是外科医生启动钻机450的最终缩回的点542处的时间。括号535表示该时间帧。该时间帧的开始时间由孔深度曲线530上的点536表示。该时间帧的开始时间早于发生穿透的时间点538。然而,在该时间帧的开始(曲线530上的点536)处的钻头深度和在点538处的钻头深度之间的误差范围,通常在用于提供钻头穿透处的孔深度的量度的可接受精度范围内。
据此,当钻头450继续行进穿过组织时,处理器408继续执行步骤498。在步骤498的每次执行中,确定穿透深度是通过首先将测量到最深孔深度的时间指定为时间帧的结束时间。基于该结束时间,从结束时间减去时间帧的时间值(一个固定时间值)来确定开始时间。然后,在该时间帧的开始时间处的孔深度被指定为穿透深度的值。应该理解的是,只要孔正在行进穿过骨,则在步骤498的多次执行中确定的穿透孔深度既不代表穿透孔深度也不代表骨中孔的实际深度。只有在步骤498的最后执行期间进行的深度确定(这基于钻头450何时达到最终穿透深度)表示穿透处的孔的实际深度。
从步骤498到步骤486的环回(loop back)表示当钻头450行进穿过骨时,测量孔深度、显示当前孔深度、确定测量出的深度是否是最深孔深度以及计算穿透深度重复发生。
如果步骤494的评估测试为负,则外科医生或者已经暂时地缩回钻头450或者已经完成了钻孔过程。在任何一种情况下,都不再执行步骤494-498。
而是执行步骤504。在步骤504,处理器基于孔深度测量的当前测量值,评估钻头是否指示钻头已经缩回到相对于骨表面的零深度。
如果步骤504的评估为负,则处理器408认为钻机处于钻头已经暂时缩回(凹陷534的时间段536)或者钻头正在完成缩回(曲线530的区段544的时间段)的状态。在任何一种情况下,钻头450仍然处于骨中。处理器408环回到步骤486。
如果步骤504的评估测试为正,则钻头450从骨中完全缩回。处理器408将处于该状态的钻机50解释为孔在骨中完全形成的指示。因此,在步骤506中,处理器在显示器上呈现最后计算的穿透深度作为骨中的孔的测量深度。
因此,本发明的钻机50提供数据,该数据精确地表示用钻机形成的孔的深度,并且该钻机在不明显干扰钻头或钻头周围的组织的视野的情况下提供这些数据。
图29描绘出本发明的钻机50如何可以与钻机引导件550一起使用。当使用钻机450形成孔,其中该孔被设计成接收用来将锁定式板保持到骨区段的外表面的螺钉时,使用钻机引导件550。这种类型的板用于将骨的断裂区段保持在一起。锁定板形成有被设计为接收螺钉的小贯通开口。贯通开口设置有螺纹,该螺纹被设计为将安装在开口中的螺钉保持到板。
图29和图30中示出,钻机引导件550通常是圆柱形的。脚部552形成钻机引导件550的最远区段。脚部552的外表面形成有螺纹(未标出)。脚部的螺纹被设计成接合板的开口中的螺纹。这允许钻机引导件550被暂时稳固在板的每个开口中。在脚部552的近侧,钻机引导件具有主干部554。主干部554的外径大于脚部552的外径。颈部556从主干部554的近端向后延伸。在颈部556前方,钻机引导件550具有头部560。头部560是钻机引导件550的最大直径区段。
远侧孔564延伸穿过脚部552和主干部554并且延伸进颈部556一短段距离。类似套管管腔381的远侧孔564的尺寸被设定成接收钻头450,使钻头可以在孔564中旋转。远侧孔564通向近侧孔568。钻机引导件550被成形为使得近侧孔568的直径大于远侧孔564的直径。更具体地,近侧孔568的直径允许套管380与孔568紧贴地滑动配合。近侧孔568穿过颈部556和头部560延伸到头部560的近端,该近端是钻机引导件550的近端。
钻机引导件550进一步形成为,在脚部的近侧,若干个椭圆形开口566延伸穿过主干部554进入远侧孔564。开口566起到与套管380内的开口386相同的作用。
通过初始配置钻机,就像钻机要在没有钻机引导件的情况下使用一样,来使用具有钻机引导件550的钻机50。钻机引导件550的脚部552被拧进在邻近其要形成孔的板上的孔中的一个。当板被恰当定位时,钻头450被插入第一孔568中,然后被插入钻机引导件550的孔564中。
随着该过程进行,套管380最终邻接钻机引导件内的孔564和568之间的台阶。套管380的这个邻接阻止套管与钻头450同时行进。随着钻头和钻机继续行进,钻机的行进引起钻机在套管380上移动。齿轮326随着齿轮在套管380上行进而旋转。
最终,钻头450与将被施加钻头的骨邻接。这个钻头抵靠骨的邻接阻止了钻头和钻机50的进一步行进。此时,钻头50被设定为用以在骨中形成孔。执行参考图27A和图27B描述的过程,以形成孔并同时提供孔深度的量度。在钻机50的这种使用期间,应该理解的是,随着钻机和钻头450行进,套管通过套管抵靠在钻机引导件内台阶上的连续邻接而保持静止。因此,在步骤482中,当钻机处于其中套管已经抵靠钻机引导件内台阶并且钻头已经首次邻接下方的骨的状态中时,执行套管位置的归零。在步骤488和490中,计算出的电位计电压差值仍表示钻机50已经朝向套管的远端行进的距离。该距离仍对应于钻头已经在骨中形成的孔的深度。
通过提供钻机引导件550,可以使用本发明的钻机50来使钻头相对于邻近其要形成孔的板精确地定向。这确保了所产生的孔将相对于板的螺纹具有正确的定向。
图31描绘了用于本发明的钻机的可替代壳体582。在本发明的这种型式中,显示器584被安装到容纳变换器组件的壳体部分。
图32描绘了本发明的可替代钻机50a的一部分。在图32中,未示出设置在马达转子中的钻头。钻机50a包括上述壳体582和显示器584。
钻机50a还包括马达60a。马达60a与首先描述的马达60基本相同。马达60a包括附加的部件,在图33中最佳示出的静态套管602。静态套管602包括管状主干部610。主干部610的外径小于转子110的限定孔117的内表面的直径。在主干部610的近端处,环状头部608径向向外并且周向地围绕主干部突出。头部608的圆柱形外表面通常设置有螺纹(未示出)。更具体地,头部610被成形为坐置在前盖凸起70内的孔72中。也呈管状的尾部612从主干部612的近端向近侧延伸。静态套管602形成为使得尾部的外径小于主干部610的外径。更具体地,尾部612的外径使得尾部可以坐置在载架156的凸起158内的限定孔162的表面中并且与该表面向内地隔开。静态套管602进一步形成为使得对延伸穿过尾部612的孔618进行限定的内壁具有足以允许钻头450在尾部中坐置并自由旋转的直径。
静态套管602具有两个轴向延伸穿过套管的连续的孔。孔616从头部608的远端向近侧延伸,穿过头部并到达主干部610的近端。孔616通向孔618。孔618延伸穿过套管602的尾部612并且在套管的近端处形成开口。应该理解的是,孔618的直径小于孔616的直径。
当马达60a被组装时,静态套管602被插入马达中,使得套管的主干部610坐置在转子的孔117中。由于套管602在转子110中的这种坐置,套管的尾部延伸穿过载架148的孔150并进入凸起158内的孔162。O型环166压靠套管的尾部612的外表面。
在本发明的这种型式中,前盖62形成为使得凸起70的限定孔72的内表面形成有螺纹(未示出)。通过旋转套管602使得围绕套管的头部608的螺纹与凸起70内的螺纹接合,静态套管602被牢固地稳固在转子的孔117中。
以与使用首次描述的钻机50相同的方式使用钻机50a。使用中的唯一明显区别在于,当钻头450被安装到钻机50a时,钻头在延伸进主轴174之前延伸穿过静态套管602内的孔616和618。
钻机50a的益处在于,静态套管602充当周围环境与马达60a的移动部件之间的屏障。该屏障防止使用钻机50a时出现的流体和碎屑与马达60a的移动部件接触。
上述内容指的是本发明的一个具体型式,本发明的其它型式可以具有与已经描述的内容不同的特征。
例如,在本发明的可替代型式中,马达可以是气动马达或液压马达。
此外,不要求在本发明的所有型式中,从钻机向前延伸的探针是基本上周向地围绕钻头的套管。在本发明的可替代型式中,探针可以是围绕钻头包成相对较小的弧的杆。或者,探针可以由多个弧形地间隔开的杆组成。在本发明的这些型式中,包成较大弧的止挡件可位于杆(或多个杆)的远端处。本发明的这种型式的益处在于,与本发明被主要描述的型式的套管相比,这种类型的探针提供对施加钻头450的部位的视场更小的阻碍。通常,应该理解的是,在本发明的大多数型式中,在探针的最远侧的至少10mm区段内,并且更特别地在探针的最远侧的至少15mm区段内,探针的的内表面(邻近钻头的表面)距钻头间隔不超过2mm。在探针的最远侧的至少10mm的范围内并且更优选地在探针的最远侧的15mm的范围内,探针的外表面(与钻头间隔最远的表面)位于距钻头最远5mm处。
类似地,本发明不限于这种钻机:其中测量钻机相对于探针的位移的变换器组件包括接合探针的齿轮或者测量齿轮旋转的电位计。在本发明的可替代型式中,线性可变差动变压器可充当测量钻头与探针的相对移动的变换器,并提供表示该移动的信号。传感器信号将基于磁体与传感器的相对位置而变化。基于这个传感器信号的变化,信号处理器能够确定钻机相对于探针的移动。
在本发明的其中套管380设置有齿382的型式中,变换器可以是根据经过传感器的齿的通过来生成信号的变换器。一种这样的传感器是马萨诸塞州伍斯特的AllegroMicroSystems公司的ATS605LSG双输出差分速度和方向传感器。在本发明的这种型式中,每当齿382经过变换器时,变换器就输出一个不同的脉冲信号。变换器发射的脉冲数量表示移动经过传感器的齿的数量。移动经过传感器的齿的数量对应于钻机50已经在套管380上行进的距离。
或者,传感器可以是光学传感器。在本发明的这些型式中,探针形成有传感器可读的标记。能够提供表示一个部件相对于第二部件的运动的信号的其它传感器也可以被采用。
在本发明的范围内进一步的是,变换器组件260中的一些或基本所有部件(包括显示器410)被可拆卸地安装到钻机壳体52。本发明的这些型式的益处在于,这些可拆卸部件不需要被设计成能够经受反复消毒过程的严格性。在本发明的一些型式中,探针内置到包括变换器组件的可拆卸模块中。在本发明的其它型式中,探针可拆卸地附接到钻机壳体。
在本发明的一些型式中,沿着探针的外表面横向延伸的细长凹槽(套管380的凹槽384)可以从探针近端远侧的位置处开始或者在探针远端近侧的位置处结束。在本发明的这些型式中,凸起325抵靠凹槽的一个或多个端部的邻接限制了探针相对于钻机的移动。
同样,应该理解的是,钻头壳体52中的穿过其套管380和钻头450二者向前向远侧延伸的共用开口不需要总是处于支撑套管的可滑动移动的衬套中。类似地,这个共用开口可以不总是在构成部分变换器组件的部件中形成的开口。
至于衬套本身,衬套可以不总是参考本发明的主要型式所描述的单件组件。在本发明的一些型式中,衬套可以包括两个或更多个间隔开的构件,这些构件保持探针以允许探针的纵向移动同时阻止离开钻头450的轴线的移动。如果允许发生这种弯曲,则可能会不利地影响钻机提供孔深度的精确测量的能力。允许这种弯曲的更严重的影响是它可造成探针压靠旋转的钻头。一般认为,为了防止探针的弯曲,衬套组件应该在至少1cm长,更通常地至少1.5cm长并且更优选地至少2cm长的距离上约束探针的侧向移动,即一侧到另一侧的移动。
类似地,除所述盘旋形弹簧以外的其它装置也可以结合在本发明的钻机中,以提供向远侧向前偏压探针的力。在本发明的一些型式中,该力可以由直接在探针上施加纵向力的弹簧提供。同样在本发明范围内的是,提供该偏压力的组件是依靠磁力或电磁力向远侧向前推动探针的组件。因此应该理解的是,提供向远侧向前推动探针而不与变换器组件成一体的偏压构件落在本发明的范围内。因此,在本发明的例如变换器组件不同于所述变换器组件的型式中,向远侧向前推动探针的偏压构件可以不是变换器组件的一部分。如果变换器组件是光学传感器,则偏压构件可以是设置在转子的孔中推压探针的近侧部分的螺旋(helical)弹簧。
不要求在本发明的所有型式中,在马达转子和联接组件之间存在有时被称为传动装置的齿轮系,该联接组件将钻头可释放地保持到马达以便旋转。在本发明的存在齿轮系的型式中,齿轮系可以具有与已经描述的不同的结构。因此,包括单个行星齿轮组件或者三个或更多个行星齿轮组件的齿轮系在本发明的范围内。
此外,当存在传动装置时,传动装置可以不总是物理地位于马达60和驱动主轴174(联接钻头450的部件)之间。在本发明的一些型式中,这些部件可以被布置成使得驱动主轴位于马达和传动装置之间。
同样地,不要求在本发明的存在传动装置的所有型式中,传动装置降低驱动主轴相对于马达转子速度的转速。在本发明的范围内的是,传动装置实际可以用于增加驱动主轴相对于马达转速的转速。类似地,在本发明的一些型式中,传动装置可以仅用于将马达转子的旋转运动传递至驱动主轴,而不引起驱动主轴的转速相对于转子增加或降低。
此外,本发明不限于下面这种钻机,即被构造成使得驱动钻头以及其中坐置有钻头的转子是钻机马达内的转子。本发明的可替代驱动装置可以是其中马达转子和接收钻头的转子彼此分离的驱动装置。因此,本发明的可替代钻机可以被构造成使得钻机壳体的手柄容纳马达。使钻头旋转并且接收探针的转子被可旋转地容纳在壳体的筒管中。在本发明的这些型式中,马达的转子设置有绕组。齿轮组件将该转子的旋转力矩传递给第二转子。该第二转子是连接驱动主轴的转子。在本发明的一些型式中,该齿轮组件还充当降低旋转力矩的传动装置,以便钻头和探针所延伸穿过的转子以低于马达驱动轴转速的速度旋转。在本发明这种型式的其它变型中,马达转子和接收钻头的转子以相同的速度转动。类似于齿轮组件142的齿轮组件降低驱动主轴的速度,该齿轮组件是钻头450实际联接到的部件,以便驱动主轴以低于转子转动速度的速度旋转。
应该同样理解的是,在本发明的一些型式中,钻机可以不包括具有孔的转子,其中钻头延伸穿过该孔并且探针被可滑动地接收在该孔中。落入本发明的钻机的范围内的是,构造钻机使得马达位于联接组件近侧,该联接组件连接钻头450以用于通过马达旋转。在本发明的其它形式中,转子以外的部件可以将扭矩从马达的输出轴传递到可拆卸地连接至钻头的主轴或其它部件。应该理解的是,在本发明的这些型式中,可以无需包括具有孔的将扭矩传递到钻头联接组件的转子。在本发明的这些型式中,为了减小探针阻碍钻头和相邻组织的视野的程度,探针380从机头穿过钻头450所延伸过的开口向远侧向前延伸。同样,在本发明的这些型式中,很可能存在衬套组件以阻止探针的侧向移动。
进一步在本发明的范围内的是,用于将钻头可释放地保持到马达60的联接组件与已经描述的联接组件不同。例如,可以结合到本发明的钻机中的一种可替代联接组件是具有带柔性脚部的筒夹的联接组件。可选择性移动的套环保持脚部抵靠钻头,以便使联接组件处于锁定状态。或者,通过移动套环,脚部能够弯曲远离钻头。这有助于拆卸钻头和装入新的钻头。可以从美国专利文件2002/0058958/PCT公开文件WO 2001/0060261获得对这种类型的联接组件的进一步理解,其内容通过引用并入本文。
在本发明的没有传动装置组件的型式中,驱动主轴可以与马达的转子形成一体。因此,在本发明的这些型式中,联接组件基本上将钻头450直接固定到马达的转子60,因此钻头与马达的转子一致地旋转。
应该理解的是,不要求在本发明的所有型式中壳体都是手枪形的。
在本发明的所述型式中,基于外科医生确定钻头450已经完全钻穿骨,处理器408确定并显示在骨中形成的孔的深度的最终值。在本发明的其它型式中,通过处理器408触发孔深度的最终确定的输入提示可以与已经描述的不同。因此,在本发明的一些型式中,钻头450已经穿透骨的输入提示可以基于一个或多个输入变量:孔深度;钻头穿过骨的行进速度,包括加速度的变化;马达输出的扭矩;马达取用的电流;或马达速度。类似地,用于确定孔深度的变量可以包括一个或多个以上列出的变量。
此外,并不要求在本发明的所有型式中,呈现关于孔深度的数据的显示器内置在机头中。在本发明的一些型式中,该显示器可以在远程控制台上。因此,显示器可以是用于向马达60供电的远程控制台上所呈现的部分图像。类似地,响应于由变换器组件260输出的信号从而确定孔的深度的处理器,可以同样地内置在包括显示器的远程控制台中。在本发明的这些型式中,应该理解的是,从钻机壳体52到控制台的线缆包括来自变换器组件260的信号在其上被传递给处理器的导体。
此外,参考图27A和图27B描述的本发明的确定孔穿透的方法可以使用不同于本发明组件的用于确定孔深度的组件来实施。因此,通过与钻头间隔超过5mm的探针,该方法可以与测量孔深度的组件一起使用。或者,测量钻机穿透深度的传感器是一种组件,该组件通过监测波反射回变换器组件的时间来确定钻机向骨的行进以及(延伸到)钻头的穿透深度。
此外,在处理步骤中可以存在变型。例如,在步骤504的比较指示出经确定的深度已经返回到零深度之后,确定穿透深度的步骤498可以仅被确定一次。
同样,虽然本发明的钻机通常被描述为手术钻机,但是这种使用不应被认为是限制性的。本发明的可替代钻机可以用来同时在活组织以外的材料中形成孔并测量形成的孔的深度。因此,根据附接到钻机50的钻头的类型,本发明的钻机可以用于在诸如木材、金属、石材、混凝土、水泥或沥青的材料中形成孔。
因此,随附权利要求的目的在于涵盖本发明的真实精神和范围之内的所有变型和修改。
Claims (49)
1.一种变换器组件,其被配置成被联接到具有围绕钻头的钻机壳体的手术钻机的机头,以测量由所述钻头形成的孔的深度,所述变换器组件包括:
外壳,其被配置成被联接到所述手术钻机的钻机壳体;
探针,其被可滑动地安装到所述外壳上,以便从所述外壳向前延伸和缩回到所述外壳内;
齿轮,其被可旋转地联接到所述外壳并且被配置成响应于所述探针的延伸和缩回而旋转;和
变换器,其被配置成响应于所述齿轮的旋转而产生信号,所述信号代表当所述钻头被操作性地联接到所述手术钻机的机头并且所述外壳被联接到所述钻机壳体时所述钻机壳体相对于所述探针的远端移动的距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变换器组件,其中,所述变换器包括电位计。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变换器组件,其中,所述变换器组件还包括偏压构件,以向远侧向前推动所述探针。
4.根据权利要求3所述的变换器组件,其中,所述偏压构件包括弹簧,所述弹簧在所述齿轮上施加扭矩以使所述齿轮旋转以接合所述探针以向远侧向前推动所述探针。
5.根据权利要求1所述的变换器组件,其中,所述变换器组件还包括衬套,所述衬套限定用于在阻止所述探针的侧向移动的同时可滑动地接收所述探针的开口。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变换器组件,其中,当所述探针被接收在所述衬套的开口中时,所述齿轮在所述衬套的头端与脚端之间接合所述探针。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的变换器组件,其中,所述探针包括具有管形状的套管。
8.根据权利要求7所述的变换器组件,其中,所述套管具有纵向延伸的凹槽。
9.根据权利要求7所述的变换器组件,其中,所述套管包括与所述套管的近端向前间隔开的齿,以用于接合所述齿轮。
10.根据权利要求9所述的变换器组件,其中,所述齿延伸的距离大于所述套管的长度的30%。
11.根据权利要求7所述的变换器组件,其中,所述套管沿所述套管的长度限定管腔,并且所述套管的远端形成有锥形,使得所述套管的最远端处的壁厚小于所述套管的最远端的近侧的壁厚。
12.一种用于致动钻头并测量由所述钻头形成的孔的深度的手术钻机,所述手术钻机包括:
钻机壳体;
马达,其被操作性地联接到所述钻头并被设置在所述钻机壳体中,使得所述马达的转子的旋转导致所述钻头的旋转;和
被安装到所述钻机壳体上的变换器组件,其包括:
探针,其被可滑动地安装到所述钻机壳体上,以便从所述钻机壳体向前延伸和缩回到所述钻机壳体内;
齿轮,其被配置成响应于所述探针的延伸和缩回而旋转;和
变换器,其被配置成响应于所述齿轮的旋转而产生信号,所述信号代表当所述钻头被操作性地联接到所述马达时所述钻机壳体相对于所述探针的远端移动的距离。
13.根据权利要求12所述的手术钻机,其中,所述变换器组件被可移除地安装到所述钻机壳体上。
14.根据权利要求12所述的手术钻机,其中,所述变换器包括电位计。
15.根据权利要求12所述的手术钻机,其中,所述手术钻机还包括偏压构件,以向远侧向前推动所述探针。
16.根据权利要求15所述的手术钻机,其中,所述偏压构件包括弹簧,所述弹簧在所述齿轮上施加扭矩以使所述齿轮旋转以接合所述探针以向远侧向前推动所述探针。
17.根据权利要求12所述的手术钻机,其中,所述手术钻机还包括衬套,所述衬套限定用于在阻止所述探针的侧向移动的同时可滑动地接收所述探针的开口。
18.根据权利要求17所述的手术钻机,其中,当所述探针被接收在所述套管的开口中时,所述齿轮在所述套管的头端与脚端之间接合所述探针。
19.根据权利要求12至18中的任一项所述的手术钻机,其中,所述探针包括具有管形状的套管。
20.根据权利要求19所述的手术钻机,其中,所述套管沿所述套管的长度限定管腔,并且所述套管的远端形成有锥形,使得所述套管的最远端处的壁厚小于所述套管的最远端的近侧的壁厚。
21.根据权利要求19所述的手术钻机,其中,所述套管具有纵向延伸的凹槽。
22.根据权利要求19所述的手术钻机,其中,所述套管包括与所述套管的近端向前间隔开的齿,以用于接合所述齿轮。
23.根据权利要求22所述的手术钻机,其中,所述齿延伸的距离大于所述套管的长度的30%。
24.根据权利要求12所述的手术钻机,其中,所述手术钻机还包括钻头,其被操作性地联接到所述马达,使得马达转子的旋转导致所述钻头的旋转,其中所述探针周向地围绕所述钻头。
25.根据权利要求12所述的手术钻机,其中,所述手术钻机还包括显示器,所述显示器被配置成当所述钻头被联接到所述马达时,呈现由所述钻头形成的孔的深度的指示。
26.根据权利要求25所述的手术钻机,其中,所述显示器被可移除地安装到所述钻机壳体。
27.一种用于致动钻头并确定孔的穿透深度的手术钻机系统,所述手术钻机系统包括:
壳体;
马达,其用于被操作性地联接到被设置在所述壳体中的钻头;
探针,其被可滑动地安装到所述壳体,以便从所述壳体向前延伸;
变换器组件,其被安装到所述壳体,用于产生位移信号,所述位移信号代表当所述钻头被操作性地联接到所述马达并前进时所述壳体相对于所述探针的远端移动的距离;和
处理器,其被配置成,
从所述变换器组件接收所述位移信号,
在所述钻头前进以形成所述孔时,将所述位移信号和与所述位移信号相对应的时间数据存储在存储器中,
基于存储的所述位移信号确定所述钻头的最终穿透深度,
确定在确定所述孔已经完全形成之后产生所述钻头的最终穿透深度时的时间数据,
基于存储的位移信号和相对应的时间数据以及基于产生所述钻头的最终穿透深度时的时间数据,确定穿透时间帧,以及
基于在所述穿透时间帧内的位移信号确定所述孔的穿透深度。
28.根据权利要求27所述的手术钻机系统,其中,当所述钻头被操作性地联接到所述马达时,所述探针能够相对于所述壳体和所述钻头移动到钻机缩回位置,且所述探针的远端处于相对于所述壳体相距一定距离的位置,所述距离指示所述钻头的远端从所述孔中移除,并且所述处理器被配置成当所述探针在前进后返回到所述钻机缩回位置时确定所述孔已完全形成。
29.根据权利要求27所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述处理器包括从计时器和时钟中选择的至少一个计时装置,其中,所述计时装置被配置成提供与来自所述变换器组件的位移信号相对应的时间数据。
30.根据权利要求27所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述手术钻机系统还包括转子,其被操作性地联接到所述马达,使得所述马达的致动导致所述转子的旋转,其中所述转子具有相反的近端和远端,并且所述转子被配置成被操作性地联接到所述钻头,使得所述钻头在所述转子旋转时旋转,并且所述转子具有孔,其尺寸被设定为接收所述钻头的近侧区段。
31.根据权利要求27所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述探针包括套管,所述套管被配置成当所述钻头被操作性地联接到所述马达时周向地围绕所述钻头。
32.根据权利要求27所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述变换器组件包括:
可移动构件,其被可旋转地安装到所述壳体,并适于接合所述探针且在所述探针相对于所述壳体移动时旋转;和
变换器,其被联接到所述可移动构件,所述变换器被配置成响应于所述可移动构件的移动产生位移信号。
33.根据权利要求32所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述变换器包括电位计。
34.根据权利要求27所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述手术钻机系统还包括偏压构件,所述偏压构件被联接到所述探针,以用于将所述探针的远端向前偏压而远离所述壳体。
35.根据权利要求27至34中的任一项所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述探针和所述变换器组件被可移除地安装到所述壳体。
36.根据权利要求27所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述手术钻机系统还包括与所述处理器通信的显示器,所述显示器被配置成呈现由所述钻头形成的所述孔的穿透深度的指示。
37.根据权利要求27所述的手术钻机系统,其中,所述手术钻机系统还包括被设置在所述壳体中的联接组件,所述联接组件被配置成将所述钻头从被操作性地联接到所述马达释放。
38.一种用于致动钻头并测量由所述钻头形成的孔的深度的手术钻机,所述手术钻机包括:
钻机壳体;
马达,其被操作性地联接到所述钻头并被设置在所述钻机壳体中,使得所述马达转子的旋转导致所述钻头的旋转;
套管,其被可滑动地安装到所述钻机壳体,以便从所述钻机壳体向前延伸和缩回到所述钻机壳体内,同时包围所述钻头;
变换器组件,其被安装到所述钻机壳体,以用于产生代表在所述钻头被操作性地联接到所述马达时所述钻机壳体相对于所述套管的远端移动的距离的信号。
39.根据权利要求38所述的手术钻机,其中,所述手术钻机还包括驱动主轴,所述驱动主轴被配置成响应于所述马达转子的旋转而旋转,所述驱动主轴被配置成被联接到所述钻头并与所述钻头一起旋转。
40.根据权利要求39所述的手术钻机,其中,所述驱动主轴包括管形状。
41.根据权利要求39所述的手术钻机,其中,所述驱动主轴被设置在所述马达的近侧。
42.根据权利要求39所述的手术钻机,其中,所述手术钻机还包括齿轮系,其被设置在所述马达转子与所述驱动主轴之间,并且被配置成当所述钻头被联接到所述驱动主轴时围绕所述钻头。
43.根据权利要求42所述的手术钻机,其中,所述齿轮系包括行星齿轮组件。
44.根据权利要求38至43中的任一项所述的手术钻机,其中,所述马达转子具有轴向延伸穿过所述转子的孔,并且所述套管的近侧区段被配置成缩回到所述马达转子的孔中。
45.根据权利要求38所述的手术钻机,其中,所述手术钻机还包括齿轮,所述齿轮被可旋转地联接到所述钻机壳体并且被配置成响应于所述套管的延伸和缩回而旋转,其中所述变换器被配置成响应于所述齿轮的旋转而产生信号。
46.根据权利要求45所述的手术钻机,其中,所述套管包括与所述套管的近端向前间隔开的齿,以用于接合所述齿轮。
47.根据权利要求46所述的手术钻机,其中,所述齿延伸的距离大于所述套管的长度的30%。
48.根据权利要求38所述的手术钻机,其中,所述套管具有纵向延伸的凹槽。
49.一种用于致动钻头的手术钻机,所述手术钻机包括:
壳体;
马达,其被设置在所述壳体中;
转子,其被可旋转地设置在所述壳体中,并且是所述马达的一部分或连接到所述马达,使得所述马达的致动导致所述转子的旋转,所述转子具有相反的近端和远端;
探针,所述探针被可滑动地安装到所述壳体,以便从所述壳体向前延伸,所述探针具有适合于抵靠组织放置的远端;和
变换器组件,其被安装到所述壳体,以用于产生代表在所述钻头前进进入组织时所述壳体相对于所述探针的远端移动的距离的信号;
其特征在于:
所述转子形成有孔,其尺寸被设定成接收所述钻头的近侧区段和所述探针的近侧区段;
当所述钻头被联接到所述转子时,所述钻头的近侧区段被联接到所述转子的近端,并且所述钻头延伸穿过所述转子的孔,并且所述钻头朝着所述钻头将抵靠其施加的组织向前延伸出所述转子的远端;和
所述探针被安装到所述壳体,以便具有能够在所述转子的孔中纵向移动的近侧区段和在所述转子的前方延伸从而被设置于所述钻头的远端附近的远侧区段。
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EP4245231A3 (en) | 2023-11-29 |
WO2017040783A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
AU2016317908A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
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US10695074B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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JP7265574B2 (ja) | 2023-04-26 |
CN113081155B (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
CA2997315A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
JP2021104349A (ja) | 2021-07-26 |
JP7534462B2 (ja) | 2024-08-14 |
EP3808287A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
AU2021221931A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
US11812977B2 (en) | 2023-11-14 |
KR20180048848A (ko) | 2018-05-10 |
CN108348264B (zh) | 2021-04-30 |
JP2018526124A (ja) | 2018-09-13 |
EP4245231A2 (en) | 2023-09-20 |
AU2016317908B2 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
EP3344165B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
EP3344165A1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
AU2021221931B2 (en) | 2023-10-12 |
US20200323543A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
JP2023065481A (ja) | 2023-05-12 |
US20240041475A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
JP6862429B2 (ja) | 2021-04-21 |
EP3808287B1 (en) | 2023-08-16 |
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