CN2710244Y - 具有过压输出保护电路的稳压开关电源及电子设备 - Google Patents
具有过压输出保护电路的稳压开关电源及电子设备 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
- H02M3/3385—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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Abstract
一种与稳压开关电源电连接的过压输出保护器，所述稳压开关电源包括将通过平滑从AC电源提供的AC电压获得的DC电压转换为周期脉冲信号的开关晶体管。在过压输出保护器中，过压监视器判决周期脉冲信号的电位是否为预定值或更大。在过压监视器判决周期脉冲信号的电位为预定值或更大的情况下，失效器关断开关晶体管。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种具有过压输出保护电路的稳压开关电源，以及涉及一种具有过压保护电路的电子设备。
背景技术
由于开关晶体管只重复ON-OFF开关操作，所以稳压开关电源很少从晶体管来的热能产生不必要的功率。稳压开关电源采用紧密的、低损耗的高频变压器。这样稳压开关电源的优势是可以使整个电路的功率损耗很小。图3是示出相关技术的稳压开关电源的示例的电路图。
包括整流桥DB1和电容C11的平滑滤波器1平滑由AC电源提供的AC电压Vin，并将AC电压转换为DC电压。DC电压由开关晶体管(场效应晶体管)Q1进行切换，并被转换为高频脉冲。由高频变压器T1转换高频脉冲，然后由高频整流器2再次转换为DC电压，并通过Vout端和GND端输出。在输出电压中存在变化的情况下，电压比较器/检测器3检测在电压中的变化，并通过光电耦合器PC1将这个变化通知到占空比控制器4。占空比控制器4改变开关晶体管Q1的ON-OFF间隔来控制高频脉冲的占空比。高频脉冲的平均电压变为DC输出电压，占空比控制输出电压。如下来进行高频脉冲的占空比的控制，当DC输出电压较高时，将减少ON工作时间，当DC输出电压较低时，将增加ON工作时间。
在这种结构的相关技术的稳压开关电源中，平滑滤波器1将由AC电压提供的AC电压转换为DC电压，以及DC电压引起电流流过触发电阻R1，这样提升开关晶体管Q1的栅极电压。这样接通开关晶体管Q1，并产生在高频变压器T1的第一初级线圈上的电压和对应于接通的第二初级线圈P2的数目的反相电压。在第二初级线圈中产生的电压通过电容C1和电阻R2将正反馈加在开关晶体管Q1的栅极上。由反馈在DC输出电压中的变化的光电耦合器PC1的耦合器电流和流经稳压二极管ZD1的电流对晶体管Q2的基极进行充电。
当电流流经第一初级线圈P1时，电流试图流经高频变压器T1的次级线路S1。二极管D1阻塞电流使得在高频变压器T1中存储相应的能量。当晶体管Q1的基极电压达到ON电压时，开关三极管Q1关断，引起从次级线路S1传输能量。在第二初级线圈P2上施加反偏压，这样引起晶体管Q2的基极放电。当从第二线路S1产生所有存储在高频变压器T1中的能量时，以反电动势再次开始接通开关晶体管Q1。
通过重复上面的操作产生高频脉冲。然后由反馈在DC输出电压中的变化的光电耦合器PC1的耦合器电流控制晶体管Q2 ON-OFF。这引起控制高频脉冲的占空比的晶体管Q1的ON-OFF控制。这样，在DC输出接线端Vout稳定地输出由稳压二极管ZD2规定的电压。
过压检测器26检测由稳压二极管ZD3限定的DC输出电压是否过压，并通过光电耦合器PC2将检测到的过压传输到开关晶体管失效器5。在过压检测器26中，当DC输出电压变为过压时，接通在过压检测器26中的光电耦合器PC2以通过开关晶体管失效器5中的光电耦合器PC2的耦合器电流来操作开关晶体管失效器5。开关晶体管失效器5将开关晶体管Q1关断，从而停止开关晶体管Q1的开关操作。
因此，例如，当电压比较器/检测器3的光电耦合器PC1被击穿，使得稳压控制失去作用而DC输出电压异常上升到过压时，过压检测器26能够检测过压并停止稳压开关电压的操作，从而防止由于过压而产生的热量。
但是，电压比较器/检测器3和过压检测器26具有依赖于通过高频变压器T1的初级和次级侧提供的光电耦合器的电路结构。由于这个原因，当由连接于高频变压器T1的次级侧的负载的击穿在高频变压器T1的次级侧发生一些异常时，存在光电耦合器PC1和光电耦合器PC2可能同时被击穿的顾虑。因此，存在的顾虑是在高频变压器T1的初级侧的占空比控制器4和开关晶体管失效器5都不起作用，而且使开关晶体管Q1的控制完全无效以引起DC输出过压。
对于另一相关技术，在日本专利公开号为8-256474A的专利中公开了过压保护电路。此过压保护电路涉及自激型开关电源，而且具有从由电源的击穿引起的输出电压异常上升中保护负载的目的。过压保护电路提供有：用于限制开关晶体管的ON周期的ON周期限制器；用于从开关变压器的反馈线圈得到负电压的负整流器；以及用于检测负整流器的输出电压是否为预定值或更小的检测器。这样配置过压保护电路使得当输出电压上升时，负整流器的输出电压也成比例地下降，以及在输出电压变为预定值或更小的情况下，从检测器向ON周期限制器传输检测信号，从而限制开关晶体管的ON周期。同样在这个过压保护电路中，可能发生如上所述的过压问题。
在包括如稳压开关电源等的电源器件的通常的电子设备或具有其中并不提供电源器件而从如AC适配器等外部电源器件提供电源的结构的电子设备中，当异常发生在电源器件上而且比额定电压高得多的电源作用于电子设备中的电路时，过流可能流到部分电路而损坏它们，以及部分电路可能产生热量而具有很高的温度。
因此，通常的电源器件都提供有用于防止输出电压变为过压的输出过压保护电路。另一方面，也存在这样的顾虑：即使正常操作电源器件，由电子设备中的电路发生的异常也可能在电子设备中的部分电路中产生过压。同样在这样的情况下，类似地，存在过流可能流到部分电路而损坏它们，以及部分电路可能产生热量而具有很高的温度的顾虑。因此，在通常的电子设备中，与电源器件的输出过压保护电路分开提供用于防止电子设备中的电路电压为预定值或更高的过压保护电路。
例如，日本专利公开号为2001-5576A的专利公开了通过稳压二极管来防止过流流到电子设备中的部分电路，从而防止电路击穿，并防止在电子设备中的电路中引起的热量产生，用于钳制电子设备中的电路电压的过压保护电路。
在这样的结构中，由于从电源器件连续提供电源，过压由稳压二极管钳制，从而大电流可能连续流过稳压二极管而产生热量。在比额定电流更大的电流流过稳压二极管的情况下，稳压二极管将被击穿。在许多情况下，由这样的过流引起的稳压二极管的击穿带来短路击穿，即，短路状态。因此，在电源器件侧检测到输出过流，从而停止电源器件，以及防止电源器件和电子设备过压。
但是，在稳压二极管引起开路击穿的情况下，有在电子设备中的电压不能被钳制而产生过压，使得过流可能流到部分电路的顾虑。因此，电路可能被击穿，而且此时，部分电路可能产生热量而具有很高的温度。
此外，很多通常的电子设备具有由如DC-DC转换器等电压输出电路依赖于电子设备中的每个电路转换从电源器件提供的DC电压的结构。例如，日本专利公开号为2003-72057A的专利公开了用于ON/OFF控制DC-DC转换器的输出电压的电路。在这样的结构中，OFF控制如DC-DC转换器等电压输出电路的输出电压以防止过流流到电子设备中的部分电路，从而防止电路被击穿，以及防止在电子设备中的电路中引起热量产生。
但是，由于在以如上所述相同的方式在电子设备中检测过压后，仍然从电源器件连续地提供电源，在如DC-DC转换器等电压输出电路中发生异常的情况下，存在过流可能流到部分电路从而电路可能被击穿，以及同时，部分电路可能产生热量而具有很高温度的顾虑。
发明内容
因此，本实用新型的一个目的是当在稳压开关电源电路的高频变压器的次级侧发生一些异常时，防止开关晶体管的控制失效而引起DC输出电压变为过压。
同样，本实用新型的另一个目的是防止引起额外热量产生的由于电子设备中的过压引起的过流流到部分电路。
为了获得上面的目的，按照本实用新型，提供一种稳压开关电源，包括：
平滑滤波器，将从AC电压提供的AC电压转换为第一DC电压；
开关晶体管，将第一DC电压转换为第一循环脉冲信号；
变压器，变压第一循环脉冲信号以获得第二循环脉冲信号；
过压监视器，判决第一循环脉冲信号的电位是否为预定值或更大；以及
失效器，在过压监视器判决第一循环脉冲信号的电位为预定比值或更高的情况下，关断开关晶体管。
当由整流第二循环脉冲信号得到的DC输出电压增加时，第一循环脉冲信号的电位也增加。因此，可以通过监视第一循环脉冲信号的电位来检测DC输出电压的过压。因此，不同于相关技术的结构，不直接在变压器的次级侧监视DC输出电压，而在变压器的初级侧监视从开关晶体管输出的第一循环脉冲信号的电位以间接监视DC输出电压。
当第一循环脉冲信号的电位达到预定值，即，DC输出电压变为过压时，控制开关晶体管OFF，使得可以停止稳压开关电源的开关操作。因此，即使在变压器的次级侧发生一些异常，也没有影响监视DC输出电压的过压，而且当检测到过压时，可以快速停止稳压开关电源电路的开关操作。
在相关技术的结构中，由于要安装的提供跨越变压器的初级侧和次级侧的光电耦合器应该在连接于初级侧的接线端和连接于次级侧的接线端之间的预定间隔或更远的间隔处具有高绝缘性能，要安装相当大尺寸的光电耦合器。按照上面的结构，由于在变压器的初级侧检测DC输出电压的过压，不需要如相关技术的结构中的这种光电耦合器。因此，可以减少电路的元件的数目，得到稳压开关电源电路的元件安装空间的减少。
这里，更好的是：在其判决第一循环脉冲信号的电位为预定值或更大的情况下，过压监视器输出具有预定DC电压的失效信号；以及在过压监视器输出失效信号的情况下，失效器将开关晶体管的基极电位保持在关断开关晶体管的失效电位。
这里，还更好的是失效器包括在一旦触发失效器之后，即使在过压监视器停止输出失效信号的情况下，将开关晶体管的基极电位保持在失效电位的自保持电路。
当检测到过压而且操作失效器时，存在可能在连接到DC电压输出侧的负载上引起一些异常的很高的可能性。因此，即使一旦条件被返回到没有检测到过压的状态，将再次检测到过压。
按照上面的结构，可以在一旦检测到过压之后，即使返回到没有检测到的状态，仍持续保持电压不被输出到DC电压输出侧的状态。因此，可以更稳定和可靠地执行稳压开关电源的输出过压保护。
同样更好的是变压器包括施加了第一循环脉冲信号的第一初级线圈，在其上感应实质上与第一循环脉冲信号相同的第三循环脉冲信号的第二初级线圈；以及过压监视器监视第三循环脉冲信号的电位以判决第一循环脉冲信号的电位是否为预定值或更大。
当从开关晶体管输出的第一循环脉冲信号作用于第一初级线圈时，以与第一初级线圈和第二初级线圈的线圈比相对应的电位在变压器的第二初级线圈上感生第三循环脉冲信号。因此，当第一循环脉冲信号的电位上升时，第三循环脉冲信号的电位也上升。
这里，更好的是过压监视器包括稳压二极管，在第三循环脉冲信号的电位达到稳压二极管的齐纳电压的情况下，逆向电流通过稳压二极管流动以操作失效器。
设置过压检测器的稳压二极管的齐纳电压为当DC输出变为过压时的第三脉冲信号的电位，以当第三循环脉冲信号的电位达到稳压二极管的齐纳电压时流动的稳压二极管的逆向电流操作失效器。因此，当DC输出电压变为过压时，可以停止稳压开关电源电路的开关操作。
这里，还更好的是关于地电位限定第三循环脉冲信号的电位。
在这样的结构中，可以达到过压的更精确检测。
同样更好的是：过压监视器包括具有地基极、与稳压二极管电连接的发射极、以及与失效器电连接的集电极的晶体管；以及在逆向电流接通晶体管的情况下，作为集电极电流输出失效信号。
同样更好的是过压监视器包括防止由流入失效器的稳压二极管的正向电流引起的失效器的错误动作的二极管。
在这样的结构中，可以配置更不可能错误动作的稳压开关电源。
更好地，开关晶体管是场效应管。由于场效应管可以以比双极晶体管更小的电流进行操作，可以达到更稳定的开关操作和更稳定的DC电压输出。
按照本实用新型，同样提供了一种过压输出保护器，与包括将通过平滑从AC电压提供的AC电压而获得的DC电压转换为周期脉冲信号的开关晶体管的稳压开关电源电连接，所述过压输出保护器包括：
过压监视器，判决周期脉冲信号的电位是否为预定值或更大；以及
失效器，在过压监视器判决周期脉冲信号的电位为预定值或更大的情况下，关断开关晶体管。
这里，更好的是：在其判决循环脉冲信号的电位为预定值或更大的情况下，过压监视器输出具有预定DC电压的失效信号；以及在过压监视器输出失效信号的情况下，失效器将开关晶体管的基极电位保持在关断开关晶体管的失效电位。
这里，还更好的是失效器包括在一旦触发失效器之后，即使在过压监视器停止输出失效信号的情况下，将开关晶体管的基极电位保持在失效电位的自保持电路。
按照本实用新型，同样提供一种电子设备，与提供有外部控制以改变要提供的DC输出电压的第一控制器的稳压DC电源相连接，所述电子设备包括：
过压检测器，检测电子设备的内部电位是否为预定值或更大；以及
第二控制器，在过压检测器检测到内部电位为预定值或更大的情况下，操作第一控制器，
其中过压检测器包括一旦过压检测器检测到内部电位为预定值或更大，就保持第二控制器的状态的自保持电路。
在这样的结构中，可以防止持续保持电子设备中的过压状态，以及此外，从稳压DC电压器件持续提供具有额定电压的电源，从而可以防止引起热量产生的大电流流到电子设备中的部分电路。
更具体地，当检测到电子设备中的过压时，稳压DC电压的输出电压被降低到大约0V，即，没有可能在电子设备中产生过压的、比额定电压低得多的电压。这样，可以防止电子设备的内部被带入过压状态。由于在一旦检测到过压之后，过压检测器自保持过压检测状态，即使操作稳压DC电压的第一控制器使得输出电压下降，仍然保持过压检测状态。即使在过压检测之后，电子设备中的电压下降以暂时进入没有检测到过压的状态，可以防止具有额定电压的电源从稳压DC电压再次提供到电子设备中的电路，引起电子设备的内部再次被带入过压状态。
这里，更好的是：过压检测器包括稳压二极管；以及在内部电位达到稳压二极管的齐纳电压时，自保持电路使第二控制器失效，以及在自保持电路一旦使第二控制器失效之后，即使当内部电位下降到低于齐纳电压时，保持第二控制器的失效状态。
这里，还更好的是：第一控制器包括控制接线端，在将控制接线端短路到预定电位的情况下，以第一电压设置输出DC电压，在控制接线端进入高阻状态的情况下，以低于第一电压的第二电压设置输出DC电压；第二控制器包括具有与控制接线端电连接的集电极的第一晶体管；在过压检测器检测到内部电位低于预定值的情况下，接通第一晶体管，从而将控制接线端短路到预定电位；在过压检测器检测到内部电位为预定值或更大的情况下，关断第一晶体管，从而控制接线端进入高阻状态。
第一晶体管的ON状态指示其中将第一晶体管带入饱和状态的基极电流流动使得电流从集电极向发射极流动的状态。第一晶体管的OFF状态指示其中基极电流不流动，而第一晶体管被带入关断状态使得集电极电流不流动的状态。
当过压检测器不处于过压检测状态时，第一晶体管的基极电流流动以进入ON状态，从而设置与集电极相连接的控制接线端具有预定电位。因此，从稳压DC电源输出第一电压(额定电压)。另一方面，当过压检测器处于过压检测状态时，切断基极电流以进入OFF状态，从而将与集电极相连接的控制接线端保持在高阻状态。因此，稳压DC电源被带入远程关闭状态，从而输出电压下降到第二电压(远程关闭电压)。因此，防止从稳压DC电源连续地提供具有额定电压的电源，从而可以防止引起热量产生的大电流流到电子设备中的部分电路。
这里，还更好的是电子设备还包括触发器/失效器，在过压检测器检测到内部电位低于预定值的情况下，接通或关断第一晶体管以使电子设备触发或失效。
在这样的结构中，第一晶体管进入ON状态使得触发器/失效器进入可控状态，以及第一晶体管进入OFF状态使得建立触发器/失效器为不可控的远程关闭状态。
这里，还更好的是触发器/失效器包括可操作以切断第一晶体管的基极电流的开关。
这里，还更好的是：触发器/失效器包括第二晶体管和接通或关断第二晶体管的第三控制器；以及在第三控制器关断第二晶体管的情况下，切断第一晶体管的基极电流。
在这样的结构中，可以从开关的ON/OFF状态和过压检测器的检测状态中独立地切断基极电流。
同样更好的是：触发器/失效器允许在打开开关的情况下，流动基极电流，以及在关闭开关的情况下，切断基极电流；第三控制器检测开关的ON/OFF状态；以及当在切断基极电流的条件下，检测到开关的ON状态时，第三控制器接通第二晶体管，即使检测到开关的OFF状态，仍然保持第二晶体管的ON状态，以及在再次检测到ON状态之后，再次检测到开关的OFF状态的情况下，关断第二晶体管。
在这样的结构中，可以作为只在其被激励时建立接触的瞬时开关来配置开关。也可以这样的电源控制使得在开关进入ON状态之后不立即触发电源，而在执行如故障诊断等自检以确定电子设备是正常的之后，再打开。此外，同样更好的是在执行用于失效的必要控制之后，执行使电子设备失效的电源控制。
更好地，作为将从家庭插座提供的AC电源转换为具有预定电位的输出DC电压的AC-DC转换器提供稳压DC电源。
通常，不考虑使用的频率，许多电子设备通常都与家庭插座相连接。按照上面的结构，当在与家庭插座保持连接的电子设备中发生一些异常时，防止从AC-DC转换器连续地提供DC电源，从而可以防止引起热量产生的大电流连续地流到电子设备中的部分电路中。
按照本实用新型，同样提供了一种过压保护器，在电子设备中提供，并与提供有外部控制以变化要提供的DC输出电压的第一控制器的稳压DC电压相连接，所述过压输出保护器包括：
过压检测器，检测电子设备的内部电位是否为预定值或更大；以及
第二控制器，在过压检测器检测到内部电位为预定值或更大的情况下，操作第一控制器，
其中所述过压检测器包括一旦过压检测器检测到内部电位为预定值或更大，就保持第二控制器的状态的自保持电路。
这里，更好的是在电子设备中提供稳压DC电源。
附图说明
本实用新型的上述目的和优势将通过参考附图的优选典型实施例的详细描述而变得更加清楚，其中：
图1是按照本实用新型的第一实施例示出稳压开关电源的电路图；
图2是示出稳压开关电源的本质部分的电压波形的曲线图；
图3是示出相关技术的稳压开关电源的电路图；
图4是按照本实用新型的第二实施例示出稳压开关电源的电路图；
图5是按照本实用新型的第三实施例示出稳压开关电源的电路图；以及
图6是示出与图5的稳压开关电源相连接的电子设备的电路图。
具体实施方式
参照图1和图2描述本实用新型的第一实施例。类似于相关技术的结构中的元件将以相同的参考数字表示，而且这里将忽略对这些元件的详细解释。
在这个实施例中，开关晶体管Q1是场效应晶体管。场效应晶体管可以以比双极晶体管更小的电流进行工作，这样允许更稳定的开关操作以及输出更稳定的DC电压。
在这个实施例中的稳压开关电源20包括过压检测器6和开关晶体管失效器5，以构成过压输出保护电路30。过压检测器6通过高频变压器T1的第二初级线圈P2监视从开关晶体管Q1输出的高频脉冲的电压，并在第二初级线圈P2感应的高频脉冲的负电压达到预定值时，操作开关晶体管失效器5。开关晶体管失效器5将开关晶体管Q1的基极电压保持在将开关晶体管Q1关断的恒定电压。
当在电压比较器/检测器3上发生一些异常时，例如，由于光电耦合器PC1的击穿，不能够执行占空比控制器4的稳压控制，从而如点划线P1所示，从开关晶体管Q1输出的高频脉冲的正电压(图2中的P1)上升。结果，如点划线P2所示，第二初级线圈P2感应的高频脉冲的负电压(图2中的P2)也上升。此时，用于控制恒定电压的充电电流不从光电耦合器PC1向用于控制占空比控制器4的晶体管Q2的基极流动，而且从稳压二极管ZD1提供的充电/放大电流(图2中的Q1栅极)将开关晶体管Q1连续地接通-关断，从而从开关晶体管Q1输出的高频脉冲的电压逐级上升而保持恒定的占空比。因此，如点划线S1所示，高频变压器T1的次级线圈S1的高频脉冲的电压(图2中的S1)上升，而且DC输出电压上升为过压。
在过压检测器6中，如果第二初级线圈P2感应的高频脉冲的负电压(图2中的P2)上升，当达到稳压二极管ZD31的齐纳电压时，逆向电流流到稳压二极管ZD31。通过稳压二极管ZD31的逆向电流，操作开关晶体管失效器5。电阻R31是用于稳压二极管ZD31的逆向电流的限流电阻，而且流向晶体管Q3的栅极的电流值由电阻R31的阻值确定。此外，二极管D31通过第二初级线圈P2感应的高频脉冲的正电压，用于防止电流流入开关晶体管失效器5而引起晶体管Q3或晶体管Q4的错误动作。
开关晶体管失效器5通过流向过压检测器6的稳压二极管ZD31的逆向电流将开关晶体管Q1的基极电压保持在将开关晶体管Q1接通的恒定电压。通过流向稳压二极管ZD31的逆向电流，晶体管Q3的基极电流流动，从而接通晶体管Q3。因此，晶体管Q4的基极电流流动，从而接通晶体管Q4。通过二极管D2、晶体管Q3和晶体管Q4放电开关晶体管Q1的栅极，使得电压下降到关断开关晶体管Q1的恒定电压。
开关晶体管失效器5是自保持电路，而且晶体管Q4的集电极电流流向晶体管Q3的基极，使得晶体管Q3的ON状态得到保持。因此，即使第二初级线圈P2感生的高频脉冲的负电压降到低于稳压二极管ZD31的齐纳电压，仍然保持晶体管Q3和晶体管Q4的ON状态，使得可以持续地将开关晶体管Q1的栅极电压保持在将开关晶体管Q1关断的电压。开关晶体管失效器也是所谓的迟滞电路。电容器C31用于防止开关晶体管失效器5由于噪声而错误动作。此外，二极管D32用于稳定开关晶体管Q1的栅极电压。
这样，在高频变压器T1的初级侧检测DC输出电压的过压以停止开关晶体管Q1的开关操作。当在稳压开关电源20的高频变压器T1的次级侧发生一些异常时，可以防止开关晶体管Q1的控制失效而引起DC输出电压为过压。过压检测器6的稳压二极管ZD31的齐纳电压确定了具有检测为过压的电压，使得可以适当地保护稳压开关电源的输出电压。
此外，由于不需要使用跨越高频变压器的初级和次级侧而提供的光电耦合器PC2(图3)，可以减少电路元件的数目。结果，可以减小稳压开关电源20的元件安装空间。
在此实施例中，开关晶体管Q1可以是双极晶体管。双极晶体管具有比场效应晶体管大的功率消耗，而且表现出较差的开关特性。但是，双极晶体管更便宜，并降低稳压开关电源的整体成本。
在此实施例中，可以在过压检测器6和开关晶体管失效器5之间提供晶体管。
图4示出具有如本实用新型的第二实施例那样的结构的稳压开关电源200。相似的元件以与第一实施例相同的参考数字表示，而且这里将忽略对它们的详细解释。
在这个实施例中，晶体管Q5具有接地的基极、通过二极管D31与过压检测器6的稳压二极管ZD31相连的发射极以及与开关晶体管失效器5的晶体管Q4相连的集电极。连接在晶体管Q5的基极和发射极之间的电阻R32是吸收漏电流以防止晶体管Q5由于漏电流而错误动作的电阻，以及电容器C32用于吸收高频噪声以防止晶体管Q5由于高频噪声而错误动作。
在过压检测器6中，如果第二初级线圈P2感应的高频脉冲的负电压上升，当高频脉冲的负电压和晶体管Q5的发射极电压之间的电位差达到稳压二极管ZD31的齐纳电压时，逆向电流流向稳压二极管ZD31。换句话说，当高频脉冲的负电压和GND之间的电位差达到晶体管Q5的基极和射极之间的电压、二极管D31的电压和稳压二极管ZD31的齐纳电压的和的时候。通过稳压二极管ZD31的逆向电流，操作开关晶体管失效器5。
在图1所示的稳压开关电源20中，当第二初级线圈P2感应的高频脉冲的负电压和开关晶体管Q1的栅极电压之间的电位差达到稳压二极管ZD31的齐纳电压时，逆向电流流向稳压二极管ZD31。如图2所示，开关晶体管Q1的栅极电压对于GND电位按照作用于高频变压器T1的输入电压(P1)中的波动而波动。另一方面，在这个实施例中的稳压开关电源200可以以更高的精确度检测DC输出电压的过压，因为通过从GND减去晶体管Q5的基极-发射极电压而获得晶体管Q5的发射极电压，从而用于输入到高频变压器T1的电压的电压波动非常小。
图5按照本实用新型的第三实施例示出稳压开关电源40。相似的元件以与上面的实施例相同的参考数字表示，而且这里忽略对它们的详细描述。
除了第二实施例的结构之外，这个实施例包括能够外部控制输出电压的外部控制器7。外部控制器7具有用于外部操作输出过压保护电路30的外部控制晶体管Q11。外部控制晶体管Q11具有与稳压二极管ZD2的负极侧相连的集电极和与GND接线端相连的发射极。当外部控制晶体管Q11的基极电流流动使得接通外部控制晶体管Q11时，旁路稳压二极管ZD2，光电耦合器PC1的耦合器电流流动，以及操作输出过压保护电路30使得输出电压从42V的额定电压降为大约1.4V的远程关闭电压。
外部控制接线端RT与外部控制晶体管Q11的基极相连，而且外部控制接线端RT通过电阻R11上拉以具有Vout接线端的电位。当在外部控制接线端RT开路或具有高阻的状态下，外部控制晶体管Q11的基极电流流动时，接通外部控制晶体管Q11。当短路外部控制接线端RT的电位以低于Vout接线端的电位时，基极电流停止流动，从而关断外部控制晶体管Q11。
图6是示出与稳压开关电源40相连的电子设备50的部分内部电路的电路图。
电子设备50的过压保护电路60具有用于检测电子设备50中电路的过压的过压检测器16、用于操作稳压开关电源40的外部控制器7的远程控制器8和用于将电子设备50的电压打开/关闭的触发器/失效器9。
远程控制器8包括具有与外部控制接线端RT相连的集电极、与下面将进行描述的触发器/失效器9相连的发射极以及通过电阻R12被上拉到Vout接线端的电位的基极的晶体管Q12。设置电阻R12以具有几乎等于外部控制器7的电阻R11的阻值。当晶体管Q12的基极电流流动时，接通晶体管Q12以通过触发器/失效器9将外部控制接线端RT与GND接线端电连接。因此，基极电流停止流到，从而关断外部控制器7的晶体管Q11。结果，在Vout接线端和GND接线端之间输出作为额定电压的42V的DC电压。
另一方面，如果晶体管Q12的基极电流不流动，则关断晶体管Q12。从而，外部控制接线端RT被设置为高阻，使得基极电流流动，而这样接通外部控制器7的晶体管Q11。结果，操作稳压开关电源40的输出过压保护电路30，使得在Vout接线端和GND接线端之间输出作为远程关闭电压的大约1.4V的DC电压。
触发器/失效器9包括：用于短路/开路远程控制器8的晶体管Q12的发射极和GND接线端之间的部分的电源开关SW1；用于短路/开路远程控制器8的晶体管Q12的发射极和GND接线端之间的部分的晶体管Q13；以及ASIC(特定用途集成电路)10。电源开关SW1是只在触发时接通的瞬时开关，而且其ON/OFF状态被输入到ASIC 10，从而ON/OFF控制具有与ASIC 10相连的基极的晶体管Q13。此外，提供二极管D13和二极管D14，用于使电流方向为单一方向，从而防止电路的错误动作。
过压检测器16具有包括稳压二极管ZD3和以稳压二极管ZD3的齐纳电流操作的自保持电路17的电路结构。电子设备50包括用于执行将稳压开关电源40中的42V的额定输出电压进行DC-DC转换以产生其中的3.3V的电源电压的DC-DC转换器(未示出)。提供稳压二极管ZD3用于检测电子设备50中电源电压3.3V线路的过压，以及稳压二极管ZD3的齐纳电压被设置在大约5到10V。参考数字R13代表用于稳压二极管ZD3的齐纳电流的限流电阻。
当电子设备50中的3.3V的电源电压变为过压，达到稳压二极管ZD3的齐纳电压时，齐纳电流流向稳压二极管ZD3，从而操作由晶体管Q14和晶体管Q15构成的自保持电路17。稳压二极管ZD3的齐纳电流流向晶体管Q15的基极，从而接通晶体管Q15，而且晶体管Q15的集电极电流流动。因此，晶体管Q14的基极电流流动，从而接通晶体管Q14，而且晶体管Q14的集电极电流流动。即使电子设备50中的电源电压低于稳压二极管ZD3的齐纳电压，使得齐纳电流停止流动，晶体管Q14的集电极电流仍然流向晶体管Q15的基极，使得保持晶体管Q15的ON状态，以及保持检测到过压的状态。
当过压检测器16检测到过压时，晶体管Q14的集电极电流流动，使得朝向具有比晶体管Q12的基极电位(通过将作用于晶体管Q12的基极和发射极之间的大约0.7V与由二极管D12引起的大约0.7V压降相加得到的大约1.4V)更低电位的晶体管Q14的集电极(作用于晶体管Q15的基极和发射极之间的大约0.7V)上拉流向远程控制器8的晶体管Q12的基极的电流。从而，切断晶体管Q12的基极电流。因此，晶体管Q12的集电极电流不流动，并设置外部控制接线端RT以具有高阻，使得在稳压开关电源40的Vout接线端和GND接线端之间输出作为远程关闭电源的大约1.4V的DC电压(通过将大约0.7V的晶体管Q11的基极和发射极之间的电压与二极管D11引起的大约0.7V压降相加得到的电压)。
换句话说，当过压检测器16被设置为过压检测状态时，设置稳压开关电源40的外部控制接线端RT以具有高阻状态，使得稳压开关电源40的输出电压下降到远程关闭电压(大约1.4V)。从而，避免了在电子设备中的电源电压变为过压所产生的异常状态中，从稳压开关电源40向电子设备50中的电流持续供应42V的额定电压的问题状况。结果，可以防止大电流流向电子设备50中的部分电路而产生热量的问题。
在这个实施例中，稳压开关电源40是从家庭插座中输入AC电压，并将AC电压转换为预定DC电压，并输出相同DC电压的外部AC适配器。即使在与家庭插座保持连接的电子设备中发生一些异常时，由于过压保护电路60的存在，避免了从AC适配器持续地提供DC电源，以及大电流流向电子设备中地部分电路，引起热量产生。明显的是在电子设备中提供稳压开关电源40的情况下，可以获得相同的优势。
接下来，将对由ASIC 10执行的电子设备50的电源控制进行描述。
当在电子设备50的电源处于在其中切断晶体管Q12的基极电流的OFF状态的状态下，打开电源开关SW1时，晶体管Q12的基极电流流动，使得稳压开关电源40的输出电压从大约1.4V的远程关闭电压增加到42V的额定电压。从而，向电子设备50中的电路提供具有42V额定电压的DC电源，以至电源可以打开。当检测到电源开关SW1的ON状态时，ASIC 10接通晶体管Q13，以及在检测到电源开关SW1的OFF状态之后，仍然保持晶体管Q13的控制状态为ON状态。因此，即使关闭电源开关，晶体管Q12的基极电流仍然持续地流动，从而将稳压开关电源40的输出电压保持在额定电压。ASIC10执行如故障诊断等自检以确认电子设备50正常，然后打开电源。由于ASIC10将晶体管Q13的控制状态保持在ON状态，保持了电子设备50的电源ON状态。当再次检测到电源开关SW1从ON到OFF状态时，ASIC 10确认用于电子设备50的失效所需的控制，然后关断晶体管Q13，从而切断晶体管Q12的基极电流。从而，稳压开关电源40的输出电压降为远程关闭电压，使得电子设备的电压被关闭。
尽管已经在其具有一定程度的特性的优选形式中描述了本实用新型，显然地，其中可以有许多改变和变化。因此，可以理解的是在不偏离本实用新型的范围和精神的前提下，可以不同于这里具体描述的那样来实现本实用新型。
Claims (12)
1、一种稳压开关电源，其特征在于包括：
平滑滤波器，将AC电源提供的AC电压转换为第一DC电压；
开关晶体管，将第一DC电压转换为第一循环脉冲信号；
变压器，变压第一循环脉冲信号，以获得第二循环脉冲信号；
过压监视器，判决第一循环脉冲信号的电位是否为预定值或更大；以及
失效器，在过压监视器判决第一循环脉冲信号的电位为预定比值或更高的情况下，关断开关晶体管。
2、按照权利要求1所述的稳压开关电源，其特征在于：
在判决第一循环脉冲信号的电位为预定值或更大的情况下，过压监视器输出具有预定DC电压的失效信号；以及
在过压监视器输出失效信号的情况下，失效器将开关晶体管的基极电位保持在关断开关晶体管的失效电位。
3、按照权利要求1所述的稳压开关电源，其特征在于：
变压器包括供给第一循环脉冲信号的第一初级线圈，感应实质上与第一循环脉冲信号相同的第三循环脉冲信号的第二初级线圈；以及
过压监视器监视第三循环脉冲信号的电位，以判决第一循环脉冲信号的电位是否为预定值或更大。
4、按照权利要求3所述的稳压开关电源，其特征在于过压监视器包括稳压二极管，在第三循环脉冲信号的电位达到稳压二极管的齐纳电压的情况下，逆向电流通过稳压二极管流动以操作失效器。
5、按照权利要求4所述的稳压开关电源，其特征在于地电位限定第三循环脉冲信号的电位。
6、按照权利要求4所述的稳压开关电源，其特征在于：
过压监视器包括具有接地基极、与稳压二极管电连接的发射极、以及与失效器电连接的集电极的晶体管；以及
在逆向电流接通晶体管的情况下，作为集电极电流输出失效信号。
7、按照权利要求4所述的稳压开关电源，其特征在于过压监视器包括防止由流入失效器的稳压二极管的正向电流引起失效器错误动作的二极管。
8、按照权利要求2所述的稳压开关电源，其特征在于失效器包括在一旦触发失效器之后，即使在过压监视器停止输出失效信号的情况下，将开关晶体管的基极电位保持在失效电位的自保持电路。
9、按照权利要求1所述的稳压开关电源，其特征在于开关晶体管是场效应管。
10、一种过压输出保护器，与包括将通过平滑从AC电压提供的AC电压而获得的DC电压转换为周期脉冲信号的开关晶体管的稳压开关电源电连接，所述过压输出保护器包括：
过压监视器，判决周期脉冲信号的电位是否为预定值或更大；以及
失效器，在过压监视器判决周期脉冲信号的电位为预定值或更大的情况下，关断开关晶体管。
11、按照权利要求10所述的过压输出保护器，其特征在于：
在判决循环脉冲信号的电位为预定值或更大的情况下，过压监视器输出具有预定DC电压的失效信号；以及
在过压监视器输出失效信号的情况下，失效器将开关晶体管的基极电位保持在关断开关晶体管的失效电位。
12、按照权利要求11所述的过压输出保护器，其特征在于失效器包括在一旦触发失效器之后，即使在过压监视器停止输出失效信号的情况下，将开关晶体管的基极电位保持在失效电位的自保持电路。
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| JP2003128899A JP2004336873A (ja) | 2003-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | 過電圧保護回路、該過電圧保護回路を備えた電子機器 |
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-
2003
- 2003-05-08 CN CN03130907.0A patent/CN1457139A/zh active Pending
- 2003-05-08 CN CNU032443846U patent/CN2710244Y/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-08 US US10/431,571 patent/US7215517B2/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101958533B (zh) * | 2009-07-13 | 2014-12-03 | 上海立隆微电子有限公司 | 用于隔离式电源供应器的电流感测电阻短路保护装置及方法 |
| CN105229926A (zh) * | 2012-12-17 | 2016-01-06 | 菲尼克斯电气公司 | 具有共射共基放大器电路的开关电源 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7215517B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 |
| US20040021992A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
| CN1457139A (zh) | 2003-11-19 |
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