CN108352006B - 即时消息环境中的智能自动化助理 - Google Patents

即时消息环境中的智能自动化助理 Download PDF

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CN108352006B
CN108352006B CN201680064269.3A CN201680064269A CN108352006B CN 108352006 B CN108352006 B CN 108352006B CN 201680064269 A CN201680064269 A CN 201680064269A CN 108352006 B CN108352006 B CN 108352006B
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response
input
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CN108352006A (zh
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P·卡拉舒克
T·A·维加加尔维兹
T·R·格鲁伯
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Apple Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供用于在即时消息环境中操作智能自动化助理的系统和过程。在一个示例性过程中，可在显示器上显示具有所述电子设备的用户与所述数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)。可在会话视图中呈现所述多个先前消息。可接收用户输入，并且响应于接收到所述用户输入，可将所述用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第一消息。可存储与所显示的用户输入相对应的所述电子设备的上下文状态。所述过程可致使根据从所述用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作。可将基于所述动作的响应显示为所述GUI中的第二消息。

Description

即时消息环境中的智能自动化助理
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年11月6日提交的名称为“INTELLIGENT AUTOMATED ASSISTANTIN A MESSAGING ENVIRONMENT”的美国临时申请62/252,311和2016年5月10日提交的名称为“INTELLIGENT AUTOMATED ASSISTANT IN A MESSAGING ENVIRONMENT”的美国非临时申请15/151,191的优先权，这两个申请据此出于所有目的全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明整体涉及智能自动化助理，更具体地，涉及即时消息环境中的智能自动化助理。
背景技术
智能自动化助理(或数字助理)可在人类用户与电子设备之间提供有利界面。此类助理可允许用户使用自然语言以口语形式和/或文本形式与设备或系统进行交互。例如，用户可向正在电子设备上运行的数字助理提供包含用户请求的言语输入。数字助理可从该言语输入解译用户意图并且将用户意图操作化成任务。随后可通过执行电子设备的一项或多项服务来执行这些任务，并且可将响应于用户请求的相关输出返回给用户。
通常，电子设备实现用于与数字助理进行交互的专用用户界面。例如，电子设备可实现用于与数字助理进行交互的专用语音界面。此类专用用户界面可限制交互的机会，从而可限制数字助理的广泛采用和应用以使人们的生活受益。
发明内容
本发明提供用于在即时消息环境中操作智能自动化助理的系统和过程。在一个示例性过程中，可在显示器上显示具有电子设备用户与数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)。可在会话视图中呈现所述多个先前消息。可接收用户输入，并且响应于接收到用户输入，可将用户输入显示为GUI中的第一消息。可存储与所显示的用户输入相对应的电子设备的上下文状态。该过程可致使根据从用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作。可将基于该动作的响应显示为GUI中的第二消息。
在另一个示例性过程中，可在电子设备的显示器上显示具有用户与数字助理之间的多个先前消息的GUI。可在会话视图中呈现所述多个先前消息。可接收包括媒体对象的第一用户输入。响应于接收到第一用户输入，可将媒体对象显示为GUI中的第一消息。可接收包括文本的第二用户输入。响应于接收到第二用户输入，可将文本显示为GUI中的第二消息。该过程可致使与第一用户输入和第二用户输入相对应的用户意图被确定。可获得用户意图是否需要从媒体对象提取文本的确定。响应于获得用户意图需要从媒体对象提取文本的确定：可从媒体对象提取文本，可使用所提取的文本执行根据用户意图的任务，并且可将指示用户意图被满足的响应显示为GUI中的第三消息。
在又一个示例性过程中，可在电子设备的显示器上显示具有电子设备用户与远程设备用户之间的多个先前消息的GUI。可在会话视图中呈现所述多个先前消息。可从电子设备用户接收寻址到数字助理的第一用户输入。响应于接收到第一用户输入，可将第一用户输入显示为GUI中的第一消息。该过程可致使根据从第一用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作。可将基于该动作的响应显示为GUI中的第二消息。
附图说明
图1是示出根据各种示例的用于实现数字助理的系统和环境的框图。
图2A是示出根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备的框图。
图2B是示出根据各种示例的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。
图3示出了根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备。
图4是根据各种示例的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。
图5A示出了根据各种示例的便携式多功能设备上的应用程序菜单的示例性用户界面。
图5B示出了根据各种示例的具有与显示器分开的触敏表面的多功能设备的示例性用户界面。
图6A示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备。
图6B是示出根据各种示例的个人电子设备的框图。
图7A是示出根据各种示例的数字助理系统或其服务器部分的框图。
图7B示出了根据各种示例的图7A所示的数字助理的功能。
图7C示出了根据各种示例的知识本体的一部分。
图8示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的过程。
图9A-L示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的电子设备的示例性用户界面。
图10A-C示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的电子设备的用户界面。
图11A-D示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的过程。
图12A-H示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的电子设备的用户界面。
图13A-C示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的过程。
图14A-I示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的电子设备的用户界面。
图15示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
图16示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
图17示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
具体实施方式
在以下对示例的描述中将引用附图，在附图中以例示的方式示出了可被实施的特定示例。应当理解，在不脱离各个示例的范围的情况下，可使用其他示例并且可作出结构性变更。
可期望实现即时消息环境中的数字助理。即时消息平台可允许发送和接收多种输入模式(例如，文本、音频、图像、视频等)。因此用户请求可使用输入的组合(例如，图像和文本)来定义对数字助理的请求。如本文所述，这可增加数字助理的功能和能力，从而提供用户与数字助理之间更丰富的交互式体验。此外，即时消息平台是允许在比基于语音/音频的平台更宽范围的环境中交互的可视界面。因此消息环境中的数字助理可实现对数字助理的更大可访问性。具体地讲，数字助理在噪声环境中或在音频输出并非所期望的环境(例如，库)中能够访问。此外，即时消息平台可以是会话界面，其中简明扼要的通信在两方或更多方之间交换并且按时间顺序的格式呈现。因此消息环境中的数字助理可允许数字助理作为多方会话中的参与者，其中可在多个参与者之间共享与数字助理相关联的有益效果。此外，按时间顺序的格式允许用户方便地查看与数字助理的先前交互并且利用与先前交互相关联的上下文历史来定义更宽范围的任务。
尽管以下描述使用术语第一、第二等来描述各种元素，但这些元素不应受术语的限制。这些术语只是用于将一个元素与另一个元素区分开。例如，在不脱离各种所述示例的范围的情况下，第一输入可被称为第二输入，并且类似地，第二输入可被称为第一输入。第一输入和第二输入可都是输入，并且在一些情况下可以是独立且不同的输入。
在本文中对各种所述示例的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定示例，而并非旨在进行限制。如在对各种所述示例的描述和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数形式“一个”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确地指示。还应当理解，本文中所使用的术语“和/或”是指并且涵盖相关联地列出的项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和全部可能的组合。还将理解的是，术语“包括”(“includes”、“including”、“comprises”和/或“comprising”)当在本说明书中使用时指定存在所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、和/或部件，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、部件、和/或其分组。
根据上下文，术语“如果”可被解释为意指“当...时”(“when”或“upon”)或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“如果确定...”或“如果检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”可以、被解释为意指“在确定...时”或“响应于确定...”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
1.系统和环境
图1示出了根据各种示例的系统100的框图。在一些示例中，系统100可实现数字助理。术语“数字助理”、“虚拟助理”、“智能自动化助理”或“自动数字助理”可指解译语音形式和/或文本形式的自然语言输入以推断用户意图并且基于推断出的用户意图来执行动作的任何信息处理系统。例如，为了遵循所推断的用户意图，系统可执行以下中的一者或多者：标识具有被设计用于实现所推断的用户意图的步骤和参数的任务流，将来自所推断的用户意图的特定要求输入到任务流中；通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等执行任务流；以及以可听(例如，语音)和/或可视形式来生成对用户的输出响应。
具体地，数字助理可能够接受至少部分地为自然语言命令、请求、声明、讲述和/或询问的形式的用户请求。通常，用户请求可寻求数字助理作出信息性回答，或寻求数字助理执行任务。针对用户请求的令人满意的响应可以是提供所请求的信息性回答、执行所请求的任务，或这两者的组合。例如，用户可向数字助理提出问题，诸如“我现在在哪里？”基于用户的当前位置，数字助理可回答“您在中央公园西门附近。”用户还可请求执行任务，例如“请邀请我的朋友下周来参加我女朋友的生日聚会。”作为响应，数字助理可通过讲出“好的，马上”来确认请求，并然后代表用户将合适的日历邀请发送至用户的电子通讯录中列出的用户朋友中的每个朋友。在执行所请求的任务期间，数字助理有时可在很长时间段内在涉及多次信息交换的持续对话中与用户进行交互。存在与数字助理进行交互以请求信息或执行各种任务的许多其他方法。除提供言语响应并采取经编程的动作之外，数字助理还可提供其他视觉形式或音频形式的响应，例如作为文本、警报、音乐、视频、动画等。
如图1中所示，在一些示例中，数字助理可根据客户端-服务器模型来实现。数字助理可包括在用户设备104上执行的客户端侧部分102(后文称作“DA客户端102”)，以及在服务器系统108上执行的服务器侧部分106(后文称作“DA服务器106”)。DA客户端102可通过一个或多个网络110来与DA服务器106进行通信。DA客户端102可提供客户端侧功能，诸如面向用户的输入和输出处理，以及与DA服务器106进行通信。DA服务器106可为任意数量的DA客户端102提供服务器侧功能，该任意数量的DA客户端102各自位于相应的用户设备104上。
在一些示例中，DA服务器106可包括面向客户端的I/O接口112、一个或多个处理模块114、数据和模型116，以及至外部服务的I/O接口118。面向客户端的I/O接口112可促进针对DA服务器106的面向客户端的输入和输出处理。一个或多个处理模块114可利用数据和模型116来处理语音输入，并基于自然语言输入来确定用户的意图。此外，一个或多个处理模块114基于推断出的用户意图来进行任务执行。在一些示例中，DA服务器106可通过一个或多个网络110来与外部服务120进行通信，以完成任务或采集信息。至外部服务的I/O接口118可促进此类通信。
用户设备104可以是任何合适的电子设备。例如，用户设备可以是便携式多功能设备(例如下面参考图2A描述的设备200)、多功能设备(例如下面参考图4描述的设备400)、或个人电子设备(例如下面参考图6A-B描述的设备600)。便携式多功能设备可以是例如还包含诸如PDA和/或音乐播放器功能的其他功能的移动电话。便携式多功能设备的特定示例可包括来自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的
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设备。便携式多功能设备的其他示例可包括但不限于膝上型电脑或平板电脑。此外，在一些示例中，用户设备104可以是非便携式多功能设备。具体地，用户设备104可以是台式计算机、游戏机、电视、或电视机顶盒。在一些示例中，用户设备104可包括触敏表面(例如，触摸屏显示器和/或触控板)。此外，用户设备104可任选地包括一个或多个其他物理用户接口设备，诸如物理键盘、鼠标、和/或操纵杆。下文更详细地描述了电子设备诸如多功能设备的各种示例。
一个或多个通信网络110的示例可包括局域网(LAN)和广域网(WAN)，例如互联网。一个或多个通信网络110可使用任何已知的网络协议来实现，包括各种有线或无线协议，诸如例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、或任何其他合适的通信协议。
服务器系统108可在计算机的一个或多个独立式数据处理设备或分布式网络上实施。在一些示例中，服务器系统108还可采用第三方服务提供方(例如，第三方云服务提供方)的各种虚拟设备和/或服务来提供服务器系统108的潜在计算资源和/或基础结构资源。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可经由第二用户设备122来与DA服务器106进行通信。第二用户设备122可与用户设备104相似或相同。例如，第二用户设备122可类似于下文参考图2A、图4和图6A至图6B描述的设备200、400或600。用户设备104可被配置为经由直接通信连接诸如蓝牙、NFC、BTLE等或者经由有线或无线网络诸如局域Wi-Fi网络而通信耦接至第二用户设备122。在一些示例中，第二用户设备122可被配置为充当用户设备104与DA服务器106之间的代理。例如，用户设备104的DA客户端102可被配置为经由第二用户设备122来向DA服务器106传输信息(例如，在用户设备104处接收的用户请求)。DA服务器106可处理该信息并经由第二用户设备122来将相关的数据(例如，响应于用户请求的数据内容)返回到用户设备104。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可被配置为将针对数据的缩略请求发送到第二用户设备122，以减少从用户设备104传输的信息量。第二用户设备122可被配置为确定添加到缩略请求的补充信息，以生成完整的请求，从而传输到DA服务器106。该系统架构可有利地通过使用具有较强通信能力和/或电池电力的第二用户设备122(例如，移动电话、膝上型计算机、平板电脑等)作为至DA服务器106的代理而允许具有有限通信能力和/或有限电池电力的用户设备104(例如，手表或类似的紧凑型电子设备)访问由DA服务器106所提供的服务。虽然图1中仅示出两个用户设备104和122，应当理解，系统100可包括在此代理配置中被配置为与DA服务器系统106进行通信的任意数量和类型的用户设备。
虽然图1中所示的数字助理可包括客户端侧部分(例如，DA客户端102)和服务器侧部分(例如，DA服务器106)两者，但在一些示例中，数字助理的功能可被实现为被安装在用户设备上的独立式应用程序。此外，数字助理的客户端部分与服务器部分之间的功能划分在不同的具体实施中可变化。例如，在一些示例中，DA客户端可以是仅提供面向用户的输入和输出处理功能并将数字助理的所有其他功能委派给后端服务器的瘦客户端。
2.电子设备
现在将注意力转至用于实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的电子设备的实施方案。图2A为示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触敏显示器系统212的便携式多功能设备200的框图。触敏显示器212有时为了方便被叫做“触摸屏”，并且有时被称为或被叫做“触敏显示器系统”。设备200包括存储器202(其任选地包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质)、存储器控制器222、一个或多个处理单元(CPU)220、外围设备接口218、RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、输入/输出(I/O)子系统206、其他输入控制设备216、和外部端口224。设备200任选地包括一个或多个光学传感器264。设备200任选地包括用于检测设备200(例如触敏表面，诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212)上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265。设备200任选地包括用于在设备200上生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267(例如，在触敏表面诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212或设备400的触控板455上生成触觉输出)。这些部件任选地通过一个或多个通信总线或信号线203来进行通信。
如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的那样，触敏表面上的接触的术语“强度”是指触敏表面上的接触(例如，手指接触)的力或压力(每单位面积的力)，或是指触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物(代用物)。接触的强度具有值范围，该值范围包括至少四个不同的值并且更典型地包括上百个不同的值(例如至少256个)。接触的强度任选地使用各种方法和各种传感器或传感器的组合来确定(或测量)。例如，在触敏表面下方或相邻于触敏表面的一个或多个力传感器任选地用于测量触敏表面上的不同点处的力。在一些具体实施中，来自多个力传感器的力测量被合并(例如，加权平均数)，以确定估计的接触力。类似地，触笔的压敏顶端任选地用于确定触笔在触敏表面上的压力。另选地，在触敏表面上检测到的接触面积的尺寸和/或其变化、邻近接触的触敏表面的电容和/或其变化、和/或邻近接触的触敏表面的电阻和/或其变化任选地被用作触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代测量直接用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值以与替代物测量对应的单位来描述)。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代测量被转换成估计的力或压力，并且估计的力或压力用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值为以压力的单位进行测量的压力阈值)。使用接触的强度作为用户输入的属性，从而允许用户访问用户在尺寸更小的设备上可能本来不能访问的附加设备功能，该尺寸更小的设备具有有限的实地面积以用于(例如，在触敏显示器上)显示示能表示和/或接收用户输入(例如，经由触敏显示器、触敏表面或物理控件/机械控件，诸如旋钮或按钮)。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语“触觉输出”是指将由用户利用用户的触感检测到的设备相对于设备的先前位置的物理位移、设备的部件(例如，触敏表面)相对于设备的另一个部件(例如，外壳)的物理位移、或部件相对于设备的质心的位移。例如，在设备或设备的部件与用户对触摸敏感的表面(例如，手指、手掌或用户手部的其他部分)接触的情况下，通过物理位移生成的触觉输出将由用户解释为触感，该触感与设备或设备的部件的物理特征的所感知的变化对应。例如，触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器或触控板)的移动任选地由用户解释为对物理致动按钮的“按下点击”或“松开点击”。在一些情况下，用户将感觉到触感，诸如“按下点击”或“松开点击”，即使在通过用户的移动而物理地被按压(例如，被移位)的与触敏表面相关联的物理致动按钮没有移动时。作为另一个示例，即使在触敏表面的光滑度无变化时，触敏表面的移动也会任选地由用户解释为或感测为触敏表面的“粗糙度”。虽然由用户对触摸的此类解释将受到用户的个体化感官知觉的限制，但是有许多触摸的感官知觉为大多数用户共有的。因此，当触觉输出被描述为与用户的特定感官知觉(例如，“松开点击”、“按下点击”、“粗糙度”)对应时，除非另外陈述，否则所生成的触觉输出与设备或其部件的物理位移对应，该物理位移将会生成典型(或普通)用户的所描述的感官知觉。
应当理解，设备200仅是便携式多功能设备的一个示例，并且设备200任选地具有比所示出的更多或更少的部件，任选地组合两个或更多个部件，或者任选地具有这些部件的不同配置或布置。图2A中所示的各种部件以硬件、软件或硬件与软件两者的组合来实现，包括一个或多个信号处理电路和/或专用集成电路。
存储器202可包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质。该计算机可读存储介质可以是有形的和非暂态的。存储器202可包括高速随机存取存储器并且还可包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备、或其他非易失性固态存储器设备。存储器控制器222可控制设备200的其他部件访问存储器202。
在一些示例中，存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质可用于存储指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程的各方面)以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备取出指令并执行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合使用。在其他示例中，指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程的各方面)可被存储在服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质(未示出)上，或者可在存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质与服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质之间划分。在本文档的上下文中，“非暂态计算机可读存储介质”可以是可包括或存储程序以供指令执行系统、装置和设备使用或与其结合的任何介质。
外围设备接口218可被用于将设备的输入外围设备和输出外围设备耦接到CPU220和存储器202。该一个或多个处理器220运行或执行被存储在存储器202中的各种软件程序和/或指令集，以执行设备200的各种功能并处理数据。在一些实施方案中，外围设备接口218、CPU 220、和存储器控制器222可在单个芯片诸如芯片204上实现。在一些其他实施方案中，它们可在单独的芯片上实现。
RF(射频)电路208接收和发送也被叫做电磁信号的RF信号。RF电路208将电信号转换为电磁信号/将电磁信号转换为电信号，并且经由电磁信号来与通信网络以及其他通信设备进行通信。RF电路208任选地包括用于执行这些功能的熟知的电路，包括但不限于天线系统、RF收发器、一个或多个放大器、调谐器、一个或多个振荡器、数字信号处理器、编解码芯片组、用户身份模块(SIM)卡、存储器等等。RF电路208任选地通过无线通信来与网络以及其他设备进行通信，该网络为诸如互联网(也被称为万维网(WWW))、内联网、和/或无线网络(诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN))。RF电路208任选地包括用于诸如通过近程通信无线电部件来检测近场通信(NFC)场的熟知的电路。无线通信任选地使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，包括但不限于全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、高速下行链路分组接入(HSDPA)、高速上行链路分组接入(HSUPA)、演进、纯数据(EV-DO)、HSPA、HSPA+、双小区HSPA(DC-HSPDA)、长期演进(LTE)、近场通信(NFC)、宽带码分多址(W-CDMA)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、蓝牙低功耗(BTLE)、无线保真(Wi-Fi)(例如，IEEE 802.11a、IEEE 802.11b、IEEE 802.11g、IEEE 802.11n和/或IEEE802.11ac)、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、电子邮件协议(例如，互联网消息访问协议(IMAP)和/或邮局协议(POP))、即时消息(例如，可扩展消息处理和存在协议(XMPP)、用于即时消息和存在利用扩展的会话发起协议(SIMPLE)、即时消息和存在服务(IMPS))和/或短消息服务(SMS)，或者任何其他适当的通信协议，包括在本文档提交日期时尚未开发出的通信协议。
音频电路210、扬声器211和麦克风213提供用户和设备200之间的音频接口。音频电路210从外围设备接口218接收音频数据，将音频数据转换为电信号，并将电信号传输到扬声器211。扬声器211将电信号转换为人类可听见的声波。音频电路210还接收由麦克风213根据声波转换的电信号。音频电路210将电信号转换为音频数据并将音频数据传输到外围设备接口218，以用于处理。音频数据可由外围设备接口218检索自和/或被传输至存储器202和/或RF电路208。在一些实施方案中，音频电路210还包括耳麦插孔(例如，图3中的312)。该耳麦插孔提供音频电路210与可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备之间的接口，该可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备诸如仅输出的耳机或者具有输出(例如，单耳耳机或双耳耳机)和输入(例如，麦克风)两者的耳麦。
I/O子系统206将设备200上的输入/输出外围设备诸如触摸屏212和其他输入控制设备216耦接至外围设备接口218。I/O子系统206任选地包括显示控制器256、光学传感器控制器258、强度传感器控制器259、触觉反馈控制器261，以及用于其他输入或控制设备的一个或多个输入控制器260。该一个或多个输入控制器260从其他输入控制设备216接收电信号/将电信号发送到其他输入控制设备216。其他输入控制设备216任选地包括物理按钮(例如，下压按钮、摇臂按钮等)、拨号盘、滑动开关、操纵杆、点击轮等。在一些另选实施方案中，输入控制器260任选地耦接至以下各项中的任一者(或不耦接至以下各项中的任一者)：键盘、红外线端口、USB端口以及指针设备诸如鼠标。所述一个或多个按钮(例如，图3中的308)任选地包括用于扬声器211和/或麦克风213的音量控制的增大/减小按钮。所述一个或多个按钮任选地包括下压按钮(例如，图3中的306)。
快速按下下压按钮可解除对触摸屏212的锁定或者开始使用触摸屏上的手势来对设备进行解锁的过程，如于2005年12月23日提交的标题为“Unlocking a Device byPerforming Gestures on an Unlock Image”的美国专利申请11/322,549以及美国专利申请7,657,849中所述的，上述美国专利申请据此全文以引用的方式并入本文。更长地按下下压按钮(例如，306)可使设备200开机或关机。用户能够对一个或多个按钮的功能进行自定义。触摸屏212用于实现虚拟按钮或软按钮以及一个或多个软键盘。
触敏显示器212提供设备和用户之间的输入接口和输出接口。显示控制器256从触摸屏212接收电信号和/或将电信号发送至触摸屏212。触摸屏212向用户显示视觉输出。该视觉输出可包括图形、文本、图标、视频、以及它们的任意组合(统称为“图形”)。在一些实施方案中，一些视觉输出或全部的视觉输出可对应于用户界面对象。
触摸屏212具有基于触觉和/或触感接触来接受来自用户的输入的触敏表面、传感器或传感器组。触摸屏212和显示控制器256(与存储器202中的任何相关联的模块和/或指令集一起)检测触摸屏212上的接触(和该接触的任何移动或中断)，并且将所检测到的接触转换为与被显示在触摸屏212上的用户界面对象(例如，一个或多个软键、图标、网页或图像)的交互。在一个示例性实施方案中，触摸屏212和用户之间的接触点对应于用户的手指。
触摸屏212可使用LCD(液晶显示器)技术、LPD(发光聚合物显示器)技术或LED(发光二极管)技术，但在其他实施方案中可使用其他显示技术。触摸屏212和显示控制器256可使用现在已知或以后将开发的多种触摸感测技术中的任何技术以及其他接近传感器阵列或用于确定与触摸屏212的一个或多个接触点的其他元件来检测接触及其任何移动或中断，该多种触摸感测技术包括但不限于电容式技术、电阻式技术、红外技术和表面声波技术。在一个示例性实施方案中，使用投射式互电容感测技术，诸如在Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的
Figure BDA0001648848380000131
和iPod
Figure BDA0001648848380000132
中发现的技术。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器可类似于在美国专利6,323,846(Westerman等人)、6,570,557(Westerman等人)、和/或6,677,932(Westerman)、以及/或者美国专利公开2002/0015024A1中描述的多点触敏触控板，这些美国专利文献中每一者全文以引用方式并入本文。然而，触摸屏212显示来自设备200的视觉输出，而触敏触控板不提供视觉输出。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器可如以下申请中所述：(1)2006年5月2日提交的美国专利申请11/381,313,“Multipoint Touch Surface Controller”；(2)2004年5月6日提交的美国专利申请10/840,862,“Multipoint Touchscreen”；(3)2004年7月30日提交的美国专利申请10/903,964,“Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”；(4)2005年1月31日提交的名称为“Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请11/048,264；(5)2005年1月18日提交的美国专利申请11/038,590,“Mode-BasedGraphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”；(6)2005年9月16日提交的美国专利申请11/228,758,“Virtual Input Device Placement On A TouchScreen User Interface”；(7)2005年9月16日提交的美国专利申请11/228,700,“Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface”；(8)2005年9月16日提交的美国专利申请11/228,737,“Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen VirtualKeyboard”；和(9)2006年3月3日提交的美国专利申请11/367,749,“Multi-FunctionalHand-Held Device”；所有这些专利申请均全文以引用方式并入本文。
触摸屏212可具有超过100dpi的视频分辨率。在一些实施方案中，触摸屏具有约160dpi的视频分辨率。用户可使用任何合适的对象或附加物诸如触笔、手指等来与触摸屏212接触。在一些实施方案中，将用户界面设计用来主要与基于手指的接触和手势一起工作，由于手指在触摸屏上的接触面积较大，因此这可能不如基于触笔的输入那样精确。在一些实施方案中，设备将基于手指的粗略输入翻译为精确的指针/光标位置或命令，以用于执行用户所期望的动作。
在一些实施方案中，除了触摸屏之外，设备200还可包括用于激活或去激活特定功能的触控板(未示出)。在一些实施方案中，该触控板为设备的触敏区域，该触敏区域与触摸屏不同，其不显示视觉输出。触控板可为与触摸屏212分开的触敏表面，或者是由触摸屏形成的触敏表面的延伸部分。
设备200还包括用于为各种部件供电的电力系统262。电力系统262可包括电力管理系统、一个或多个电源(例如，电池、交流电(AC))、再充电系统、电力故障检测电路、功率变换器或逆变器、电源状态指示器(例如，发光二极管(LED))和与便携式设备中的电力的生成、管理和分配相关联的任何其他部件。
设备200还可包括一个或多个光学传感器264。图2A示出了耦接至I/O子系统206中的光学传感器控制器258的光学传感器。光学传感器264可包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)光电晶体管。光学传感器264从环境接收通过一个或多个透镜而投射的光，并且将光转换为表示图像的数据。结合成像模块243(也被叫做相机模块)，光学传感器264可捕获静态图像或视频。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于与设备前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对的设备200的后部上，使得触摸屏显示器可被用作用于静态图像和/或视频图像采集的取景器。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备前部上，使得在用户在触摸屏显示器上查看其他视频会议参与者时可获得该用户的图像以用于该视频会议。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器264的位置可由用户改变(例如，通过旋转设备外壳中的透镜和传感器)，使得单个光学传感器264可与触摸屏显示器一起使用，以用于视频会议和静态图像和/或视频图像采集两者。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个接触强度传感器265。图2A示出了耦接至I/O子系统206中的强度传感器控制器259的接触强度传感器。接触强度传感器265任选地包括一个或多个压阻应变仪、电容式力传感器、电气力传感器、压电力传感器、光学力传感器、电容式触敏表面或其他强度传感器(例如，用于测量触敏表面上的接触的力(或压力)的传感器)。接触强度传感器265从环境接收接触强度信息(例如，压力信息或压力信息的代用物)。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器位于设备200的后部上，与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对。
设备200还可包括一个或多个接近传感器266。图2A示出了耦接至外围设备接口218的接近传感器266。另选地，接近传感器266可耦接到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。接近传感器266可如以下美国专利申请中所述来执行：11/241,839,“Proximity DetectorIn Handheld Device”；11/240,788,“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”；11/620,702,“Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”；11/586,862,“Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In PortableDevices”；和11/638,251,“Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration OfPeripherals”，这些美国专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入。在一些实施方案中，当多功能设备被置于用户的耳朵附近时(例如，当用户正在进行电话呼叫时)，接近传感器关闭并且禁用触摸屏212。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。图2A示出了耦接至I/O子系统206中的触觉反馈控制器261的触觉输出发生器。触觉输出发生器267任选地包括一个或多个电声设备诸如扬声器或其他音频部件，和/或将能量转换成线性运动的机电设备诸如电机、螺线管、电活性聚合物、压电致动器、静电致动器、或其他触觉输出生成部件(例如，将电信号转换成设备上的触觉输出的部件)。接触强度传感器265从触觉反馈模块233接收触觉反馈生成指令，并且在设备200上生成能够由设备200的用户感觉到的触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近，并且任选地通过竖直地(例如，向设备200的表面内/外)或侧向地(例如，在与设备200的表面相同的平面中向后和向前)移动触敏表面来生成触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器传感器位于设备200的后部上，与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对。
设备200还可包括一个或多个加速度计268。图2A示出了耦接至外围设备接口218的加速度计268。另选地，加速度计268可耦接到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。加速度计268可如标题为“Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for PortableElectronic Devices”的美国专利公开20050190059和标题为“Methods And ApparatusesFor Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer”的美国专利公开20060017692中所述的那样执行，这两个美国专利公开均全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，基于对从一个或多个加速度计接收的数据的分析，在触摸屏显示器上以纵向视图或横向视图来显示信息。设备200任选地除了加速度计268之外还包括磁力仪(未示出)和GPS(或GLONASS或其他全球导航系统)接收器(未示出)，以用于获取关于设备200的位置和取向(例如，纵向或横向)的信息。
在一些实施方案中，存储于存储器202中的软件部件包括操作系统226、通信模块(或指令集)228、接触/运动模块(或指令集)230、图形模块(或指令集)232、文本输入模块(或指令集)234、全球定位系统(GPS)模块(或指令集)235、数字助理客户端模块229以及应用程序(或指令集)236。此外，存储器202可存储数据和模型，诸如用户数据和模型231。此外，在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或470(图4)存储设备/全局内部状态257，如图2A和图4中所示。设备/全局内部状态257包括以下中的一者或多者：活动应用程序状态，其指示哪些应用程序(如果有的话)当前是活动的；显示状态，其指示什么应用程序、视图或其它信息占据触摸屏显示器212的各个区域；传感器状态，包括从设备的各个传感器和输入控制设备216获取的信息；以及关于设备的位置和/或姿态的位置信息。
操作系统226(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、iOS、WINDOWS、或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、功率管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动程序，并且促进各种硬件部件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块228促进通过一个或多个外部端口224来与其他设备进行通信，并且还包括用于处理由RF电路208和/或外部端口224所接收的数据的各种软件部件。外部端口224(例如，通用串行总线(USB)、火线等)适于直接耦接到其他设备，或间接地通过网络(例如，互联网、无线LAN等)进行耦接。在一些实施方案中，该外部端口为与
Figure BDA0001648848380000171
(Apple Inc.的商标)设备上所使用的30针连接器相同的或类似的和/或与其兼容的多针(例如，30针)连接器。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测与触摸屏212(结合显示控制器256)和其他触敏设备(例如，触控板或物理点击轮)的接触。接触/运动模块230包括各种软件部件以用于执行与接触的检测相关的各种操作，诸如确定是否已发生接触(例如，检测手指按下事件)、确定接触的强度(例如，接触的力或压力，或者接触的力或压力的替代物)、确定是否存在接触的移动并跟踪在触敏表面上的移动(例如，检测一个或多个手指拖动事件)、以及确定接触是否已停止(例如，检测手指抬起事件或接触断开)。接触/运动模块230从触敏表面接收接触数据。确定接触点的移动任选地包括确定接触点的速率(量值)、速度(量值和方向)和/或加速度(量值和/或方向的改变)，接触点的移动由一系列接触数据来表示。这些操作任选地被应用于单点接触(例如，单指接触)或者多点同时接触(例如，“多点触摸”/多个手指接触)。在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230和显示控制器256检测触控板上的接触。
在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230使用一组一个或多个强度阈值来确定操作是否已由用户执行(例如，确定用户是否已“点击”图标)。在一些实施方案中，根据软件参数来确定强度阈值的至少一个子集(例如，强度阈值不由特定物理致动器的激活阈值来确定，并且可在不改变设备200的物理硬件的情况下调整)。例如，在不改变触控板或触摸屏显示器硬件的情况下，触控板或触摸屏显示器的鼠标“点击”阈值可被设置为预定义的阈值的大范围中的任一个阈值。另外，在一些具体实施中，向设备的用户提供用于调节一组强度阈值中的一个或多个强度阈值(例如，通过调节各个强度阈值和/或通过利用对“强度”参数的系统级点击来一次调节多个强度阈值)的软件设置。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测用户的手势输入。触敏表面上的不同手势具有不同的接触图案(例如，所检测到的接触的不同运动、定时和/或强度)。因此，任选地通过检测特定的接触模式来检测手势。例如，检测手指轻击手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后在与手指按下事件相同的位置(或基本上相同的位置)处(例如，在图标的位置处)检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。作为另一个示例，在触敏表面上检测手指轻扫手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后检测一个或多个手指拖动事件，并且随后检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。
图形模块232包括用于在触摸屏212或其他显示器上呈现和显示图形的各种已知的软件部件，包括用于改变所显示的图形的视觉冲击(例如，亮度、透明度、饱和度、对比度或其他视觉属性)的部件。如本文所用，术语“图形”包括可被显示给用户的任何对象，非限制性地包括文本、网页、图标(诸如，包括软键的用户界面对象)、数字图像、视频、动画等。
在一些实施方案中，图形模块232存储待使用的用于表示图形的数据。每个图形任选地被分配有对应的代码。图形模块232从应用程序等接收用于指定待显示的图形的一个或多个代码，在必要的情况下还接收坐标数据和其他图形属性数据，并且然后生成屏幕图像数据，以输出至显示控制器256。
触觉反馈模块233包括用于生成指令的各种软件组件，该指令由触觉输出发生器267使用，以响应于用户与设备200的交互而在设备200上的一个或多个位置处产生触觉输出。
可以是图形模块232的部件的文本输入模块234提供用于在多种应用程序(例如，联系人237、电子邮件240、即时消息241、浏览器247和需要文本输入的任何其他应用程序)中输入文本的软键盘。
GPS模块235确定设备的位置，并提供该信息以供在各种应用程序中使用(例如提供给电话238以供在基于位置的呼叫中使用；提供给相机243作为图片/视频元数据；和提供给提供基于位置的服务的应用程序，诸如天气桌面小程序、本地黄页桌面小程序、和地图/导航桌面小程序)。
数字助理客户端模块229可包括各种客户端侧数字助理指令，以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。例如，数字助理客户端模块229可能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种用户接口(例如，麦克风213、加速度计268、触敏显示器系统212、光学传感器229、其他输入控制设备216等)来接受声音输入(例如，语音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入和/或手势输入。数字助理客户端模块229也可能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种输出界面(例如，扬声器211、触敏显示器系统212、一个或多个触觉输出发生器267等)来提供音频形式输出(例如，语音输出)、视觉形式输出、和/或触觉形式输出。例如，可将输出提供为语音、声音、提示、文本消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动和/或以上两者或更多者的组合。在操作期间，数字助理客户端模块229可使用RF电路208来与DA服务器106进行通信。
用户数据与模型231可包括与用户相关联的各种数据(例如，特定于用户的词汇数据、用户偏好数据、用户指定名称发音、来自用户电子通讯录的数据、待办事项、购物清单等)，以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。此外，用户数据和模型231可包括用于处理用户输入并确定用户意图的各种模型(例如，语音识别模型、统计语言模型、自然语言处理模型、知识本体、任务流模型、服务模型等)。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可利用便携式多功能设备200的各种传感器、子系统和外围设备来从便携式多功能设备200的周围环境采样附加信息，以建立与用户、当前用户交互和/或当前用户输入相关联的上下文。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可将上下文信息或其子集与用户输入一起提供至DA服务器106，以帮助推断用户意图。在一些示例中，数字助理还可使用上下文信息来确定如何准备输出并将其递送给用户。上下文信息可被称为上下文数据。
在一些示例中，伴随用户输入的上下文信息可包括传感器信息，例如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频等。在一些示例中，上下文信息还可包括设备的物理状态，例如设备取向、设备位置、设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等。在一些示例中，可将与DA服务器106的软件状态相关的信息(例如运行过程、已安装程序、过去和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用等)和与便携式多功能设备200的软件状态相关的信息作为与用户输入相关联的上下文信息提供至DA服务器106。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可响应于来自DA服务器106的请求而选择性地提供被存储在便携式多功能设备200上的信息(例如，用户数据231)。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229还可在DA服务器106请求时引出来自用户经由自然语言对话或其他用户接口的附加输入。数字助理客户端模块229可将该附加输入传送至DA服务器106，以帮助DA服务器106进行意图推断和/或满足在用户请求中表达的用户意图。
下面参考图7A-图7C对数字助理进行更详细的描述。应当认识到，数字助理客户端模块229可包括下文所述的数字助理模块726的任意数量的子模块。
应用程序236可包括以下模块(或指令集)，或者其子集或超集：
·联系人模块237(有时称为通讯录或联系人列表)；
·电话模块238；
·视频会议模块239；
·电子邮件客户端模块240；
·即时消息(IM)模块241；
·健身支持模块242；
·用于静态图像和/或视频图像的相机模块243；
·图像管理模块244；
·视频播放器模块；
·音乐播放器模块；
·浏览器模块247；
·日历模块248；
·桌面小程序模块249，其可包括以下各项中的一者或多者：天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4、词典桌面小程序249-5、和由用户获取的其他桌面小程序以及用户创建的桌面小程序249-6；
·用于形成用户创建的桌面小程序249-6的桌面小程序创建器模块250；
·搜索模块251；
·视频和音乐播放器模块252，其合并视频播放器模块和音乐播放器模块；
·记事本模块253；
·地图模块254；和/或
·在线视频模块255。
可被存储在存储器202中的其他应用程序236的示例包括其他文字处理应用程序、其他图像编辑应用程序、绘图应用程序、展示应用程序、支持JAVA的应用程序、加密、数字权益管理、语音识别和语音复制。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、和文本输入模块234，联系人模块237可被用于管理通讯录或联系人列表(例如，存储在存储器202或存储器470中联系人模块237的应用程序内部状态292中)，包括：添加姓名到通讯录；从通讯录删除姓名；将电话号码、电子邮件地址、物理地址或其他信息与姓名关联；将图像与姓名进行关联；对姓名进行归类和分类；提供电话号码或电子邮件地址来发起和/或促进通过电话238、视频会议模块239、电子邮件240或即时消息241的通信；等等。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电话模块238可用于输入对应于电话号码的字符序列、访问联系人模块237中的一个或多个电话号码、修改已输入的电话号码、拨打相应的电话号码、进行会话以及当会话完成时断开或挂断。如上所述，无线通信可使用多个通信标准、协议和技术中的任一者。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、联系人模块237和电话模块238，视频会议模块239包括根据用户指令来发起、进行和终止用户与一个或多个其他参与者之间的视频会议的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电子邮件客户端模块240包括响应于用户指令来创建、发送、接收和管理电子邮件的可执行指令。结合图像管理模块244，电子邮件客户端模块240使得非常容易创建和发送具有由相机模块243拍摄的静态图像或视频图像的电子邮件。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，即时消息模块241包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：输入与即时消息对应的字符序列，修改先前输入的字符，传输相应即时消息(例如，使用短消息服务(SMS)或多媒体消息服务(MMS)协议以用于基于电话的即时消息，或者使用XMPP、SIMPLE或IMPS以用于基于互联网的即时消息)，接收即时消息、以及查看所接收的即时消息。在一些实施方案中，所传输的和/或所接收的即时消息可包括图形、照片、音频文件、视频文件和/或在MMS和/或增强型消息服务(EMS)中支持的其他附件。如本文所用，“即时消息”是指基于电话的消息(例如，使用SMS或MMS发送的消息)和基于互联网的消息(例如，使用XMPP、SIMPLE、或IMPS发送的消息)两者。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235、地图模块254和音乐播放器模块，健身支持模块242包括用于以下各项的可执行指令：创建健身(例如，具有时间、距离和/或卡路里燃烧目标)；与健身传感器(运动设备)进行通信；接收健身传感器数据；校准用于监视健身的传感器；为健身选择和播放音乐；以及显示、存储和传输健身数据。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和图像管理模块244，相机模块243包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：捕获静态图像或视频(包括视频流)并且将它们存储到存储器202中、修改静态图像或视频的特征、或从存储器202删除静态图像或视频。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和相机模块243，图像管理模块244包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：排列、修改(例如，编辑)、或以其他方式操控、加标签、删除、展示(例如，在数字幻灯片或相册中)、以及存储静态图像和/或视频图像。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，浏览器模块247包括根据用户指令来浏览互联网(包括搜索、链接至、接收和显示网页或其部分，以及链接至网页的附件和其他文件)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，日历模块248包括根据用户指令来创建、显示、修改和存储日历以及与日历相关联的数据(例如，日历条目、待办事项等)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序模块249是可由用户下载并使用的微型应用程序(例如，天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4和词典桌面小程序249-5)、或由用户创建的微型应用程序(例如，用户创建的桌面小程序249-6)。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括HTML(超文本标记语言)文件、CSS(层叠样式表)文件和JavaScript文件。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括XML(可扩展标记语言)文件和、JavaScript文件(例如，Yahoo！桌面小程序)。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序创建器模块250可被用户用于创建桌面小程序(例如，将网页的用户指定部分转到桌面小程序中)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，搜索模块251包括根据用户指令来搜索存储器202中的匹配一个或多个搜索条件(例如，一个或多个用户指定的搜索词)的文本、音乐、声音、图像、视频和/或其他文件的可执行指令。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路系统210、扬声器211、RF电路系统208和浏览器模块247，视频和音乐播放器模块252包括允许用户下载和回放以一种或多种文件格式(诸如MP3或AAC文件)存储的所记录的音乐和其他声音文件的可执行指令，以及用于显示、呈现或以其他方式回放视频(例如，在触摸屏212上或在经由外部端口224连接的外部显示器上)的可执行指令。在一些实施方案中，设备200任选地包括MP3播放器，诸如iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)的功能。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，记事本模块253包括根据用户指令来创建和管理记事本、待办事项等的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235和浏览器模块247，地图模块254可用于根据用户指令来接收、显示、修改和存储地图以及与地图相关联的数据(例如，驾驶方向、与特定位置处或其附近的商店及其他兴趣点相关的数据，以及其他基于位置的数据)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路210、扬声器211、RF电路208、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，在线视频模块255包括允许用户访问、浏览、接收(例如，通过流式传输和/或下载)、回放(例如，在触摸屏上或经由外部端口224在所连接的外部显示器上)、发送具有至特定在线视频的链接的电子邮件，以及以其他方式管理一种或多种文件格式(诸如，H.264)的在线视频的指令。在一些实施方案中，使用即时消息模块241而不是电子邮件客户端模块240来发送至特定在线视频的链接。在线视频应用程序的其他描述可在于2007年6月20日提交的标题为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface forPlaying Online Videos”的美国临时专利申请60/936,562和于2007年12月31日提交的标题为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface forPlaying Online Videos”的美国专利申请11/968,067中找到，这两个专利申请的内容据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
上述模块和应用程序中的每个模块和应用程序对应于用于执行上述一种或多种功能以及在该专利申请中所述的方法(例如，本文所述的计算机实现的方法和其他信息处理方法)的可执行指令集。这些模块(例如，指令集)不必被实现为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，并因此在各种实施方案中可组合或以其他方式重新布置这些模块的各种子集。例如，视频播放器模块可与音乐播放器模块组合成单个模块(例如，图2A中的视频和音乐播放器模块252)。在一些实施方案中，存储器202可存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器202可存储上文没有描述的附加模块和数据结构。
在一些实施方案中，设备200是该设备上的一组预定义功能的操作唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触控板来执行的设备。通过使用触摸屏和/或触控板作为用于设备200的操作的主要输入控制设备，可减少设备200上的物理输入控制设备(诸如下压按钮、拨号盘等等)的数量。
唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触控板执行的该组预定义功能任选地包括在用户界面之间进行导航。在一些实施方案中，该触控板在被用户触摸时将设备200从被显示在设备200上的任何用户界面导航到主菜单、home菜单、或根菜单。在此类实施方案中，使用触控板来实现“菜单按钮”。在一些其他实施方案中，该菜单按钮为物理下压按钮或者其他物理输入控制设备，而不是触控板。
图2B是示出了根据一些实施方案的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或存储器470(图4)包括事件分类器270(例如，在操作系统226中)以及相应的应用程序236-1(例如，前述应用程序237至251、255、480至490中的任一个应用程序)。
事件分类器270接收事件信息并确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程序236-1和应用程序236-1的应用程序视图291。事件分类器270包括事件监视器271和事件分配器模块274。在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括应用程序内部状态292，该应用程序内部状态指示当应用程序为活动的或正在执行时被显示在触敏显示器212上的当前应用程序视图。在一些实施方案中，设备/全局内部状态257被事件分类器270用于确定哪个(哪些)应用程序当前为活动的，并且应用程序内部状态292被事件分类器270用于确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程序视图291。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序内部状态292包括另外的信息，诸如以下各项中的一者或多者：当应用程序236-1恢复执行时将被使用的恢复信息、指示正被应用程序236-1显示的信息或准备好用于被该应用程序显示的信息的用户界面状态信息、用于使得用户能够返回到应用程序236-1的前一状态或视图的状态队列、以及用户采取的先前动作的重复/撤销队列。
事件监视器271从外围设备接口218接收事件信息。事件信息包括关于子事件(例如，触敏显示器212上作为多点触摸手势的一部分的用户触摸)的信息。外围设备接口218传输其从I/O子系统206或传感器诸如接近传感器266、加速度计268和/或麦克风213(通过音频电路210)接收的信息。外围设备接口218从I/O子系统206接收的信息包括来自触敏显示器212或触敏表面的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件监视器271以预先确定的间隔将请求发送至外围设备接口218。作为响应，外围设备接口218传输事件信息。在其他实施方案中，外围设备接口218仅当存在显著事件(例如，接收到高于预先确定的噪声阈值和/或接收到超过预先确定的持续时间的输入)时才传输事件信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件分类器270还包括命中视图确定模块272和/或活动事件识别器确定模块273。
当触敏显示器212显示多于一个视图时，命中视图确定模块272提供用于确定子事件已在一个或多个视图内的什么地方发生的软件过程。视图由用户可在显示器上看到的控件和其他元件构成。
与应用程序相关联的用户界面的另一方面是一组视图，在本文中有时也被称为应用程序视图或用户界面窗口，在其中显示信息并且发生基于触摸的手势。在其中检测到触摸的(相应应用程序的)应用程序视图可对应于应用程序的程序化或视图分级结构内的程序化水平。例如，在其中检测到触摸的最低层级视图可被叫做命中视图，并且被识别为正确输入的那组事件可至少部分地基于开始基于触摸的手势的初始触摸的命中视图来确定。
点击视图确定模块272接收与基于接触的手势的子事件相关的信息。当应用程序具有在分级结构中组织的多个视图时，命中视图确定模块272将命中视图识别为应对子事件进行处理的分级结构中的最低视图。在大多数情况下，该命中视图为发起子事件(例如，形成事件或潜在事件的子事件序列中的第一子事件)在其中发生的最低水平视图。一旦命中视图被命中视图确定模块272识别，命中视图就通常接收与其被识别为命中视图所针对的同一触摸或输入源相关的所有子事件。
活动事件识别器确定模块273确定视图分级结构内的哪个或哪些视图应接收特定子事件序列。在一些实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定仅命中视图才应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定包括子事件的物理位置的所有视图均为活跃参与的视图，因此确定所有活跃参与的视图都应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，即使触摸子事件完全被局限到与一个特定视图相关联的区域，但在分级结构中较高的视图将仍然保持为活跃参与的视图。
事件分配器模块274将事件信息分配到事件识别器(例如，事件识别器280)。在包括活动事件识别器确定模块273的实施方案中，事件分配器模块274将事件信息递送到由活动事件识别器确定模块273确定的事件识别器。在一些实施方案中，事件分配器模块274在事件队列中存储事件信息，该事件信息由相应事件接收器282进行检索。
在一些实施方案中，操作系统226包括事件分类器270。另选地，应用程序236-1包括事件分类器270。在另一个实施方案中，事件分类器270为独立模块，或者为被存储在存储器202中的另一个模块(诸如接触/运动模块230)的一部分。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括多个事件处理程序290和一个或多个应用程序视图291，其中每个应用程序视图包括用于处理发生在应用程序的用户界面的相应视图内的触摸事件的指令。应用程序236-1的每个应用程序视图291包括一个或多个事件识别器280。通常，相应应用程序视图291包括多个事件识别器280。在其他实施方案中，事件识别器280中的一个或多个事件识别器为独立模块的一部分，该独立模块诸如用户界面工具包(未示出)或应用程序236-1从中继承方法和其他属性的更高水平的对象。在一些实施方案中，相应事件处理程序290包括以下各项中的一者或多者：数据更新器276、对象更新器277、GUI更新器278、和/或从事件分类器270接收的事件数据279。事件处理程序290可利用或调用数据更新器276、对象更新器277或GUI更新器278，以更新应用程序内部状态292。另选地，应用程序视图291中的一个或多个应用程序视图包括一个或多个相应事件处理程序290。另外，在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278中的一者或多者被包括在相应应用程序视图291中。
相应的事件识别器280从事件分类器270接收事件信息(例如，事件数据279)，并且从事件信息识别事件。事件识别器280包括事件接收器282和事件比较器284。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280还至少包括元数据283和事件递送指令288(其可包括子事件递送指令)的子集。
事件接收器282接收来自事件分类器270的事件信息。该事件信息包括关于子事件例如触摸或触摸移动的信息。根据子事件，事件信息还包括附加信息，诸如子事件的位置。当子事件涉及触摸的运动时，事件信息还可包括子事件的速率和方向。在一些实施方案中，事件包括设备从一个取向旋转到另一取向(例如，从纵向取向到横向取向，或反之亦然)的旋转，并且事件信息包括关于设备的当前取向(也被称为设备姿态)的对应信息。
事件比较器284将事件信息与预定义的事件或子事件定义进行比较，并且基于该比较，确定事件或子事件，或者确定或更新事件或子事件的状态。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284包括事件定义286。事件定义286包含事件的定义(例如，预定义的子事件序列)，例如事件1(287-1)、事件2(287-2)、以及其他事件。在一些实施方案中，事件(287)中的子事件例如包括触摸开始、触摸结束、触摸移动、触摸取消和多点触摸。在一个示例中，针对事件1(287-1)的定义为被显示对象上的双击。例如，该双击包括被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第一次触摸(触摸开始)、预先确定时长的第一次抬起(触摸结束)、被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第二次触摸(触摸开始)、以及预先确定时长的第二次抬起(触摸结束)。在另一个示例中，针对事件2(287-2)的定义为被显示对象上的拖动。例如，该拖动包括所显示对象上的预先确定时长的触摸(或接触)、触摸在触敏显示器212上的移动、以及触摸的抬离(触摸结束)。在一些实施方案中，事件还包括用于一个或多个相关联的事件处理程序290的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件定义287包括对用于相应用户界面对象的事件的定义。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284执行命中测试，以确定哪个用户界面对象与子事件相关联。例如，在触敏显示器212上显示三个用户界面对象的应用程序视图中，当在触敏显示器212上检测到触摸时，事件比较器284执行命中测试，以确定这三个用户界面对象中的哪一个用户界面对象与该触摸(子事件)相关联。如果每个所显示的对象与相应的事件处理程序290相关联，则事件比较器使用该命中测试的结果来确定哪个事件处理程序290应当被激活。例如，事件比较器284选择与子事件和触发该命中测试的对象相关联的事件处理程序。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件(287)的定义还包括延迟动作，该延迟动作延迟事件信息的递送，直到已确定子事件序列确实对应于或不对应于事件识别器的事件类型。
当相应事件识别器280确定子事件序列不与事件定义286中的任何事件匹配时，该相应事件识别器280进入事件不可能、事件失败或事件结束状态，在此之后忽略基于触摸的手势的后续子事件。在这种情况下，对于命中视图保持活动的其它事件识别器(如果有的话)继续跟踪和处理正在进行的基于触摸的手势的子事件。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280包括具有指示事件递送系统应该如何执行对活跃参与的事件识别器的子事件递送的可配置属性、标志和/或列表的元数据283。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括用于指示事件识别器可如何彼此进行交互或者如何被启用以彼此进行交互的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括指示子事件是否递送到视图或程序化分级结构中的不同层级的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。
在一些实施方案中，当识别事件的一个或多个特定子事件时，相应事件识别器280激活与事件相关联的事件处理程序290。在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280将与事件相关联的事件信息递送到事件处理程序290。激活事件处理程序290不同于将子事件发送(和延期发送)到相应命中视图。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280抛出与所识别的事件相关联的标志，并且与该标志相关联的事件处理程序290接获该标志并执行预定义的过程。
在一些实施方案中，事件递送指令288包括递送关于子事件的事件信息而无需激活事件处理程序的子事件递送指令。相反，子事件递送指令将事件信息递送到与子事件系列相关联的事件处理程序或递送到活跃参与的视图。与子事件系列或与活跃参与的视图相关联的事件处理程序接收事件信息并执行预先确定的过程。
在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276创建并更新在应用程序236-1中使用的数据。例如，数据更新器276对联系人模块237中所使用的电话号码进行更新，或者对视频播放器模块中所使用的视频文件进行存储。在一些实施方案中，对象更新器277创建和更新在应用程序236-1中使用的对象。例如，对象更新器277创建新用户界面对象或更新用户界面对象的位置。GUI更新器278更新GUI。例如，GUI更新器278准备显示信息并且将显示信息发送到图形模块232，以用于显示在触敏显示器上。
在一些实施方案中，事件处理程序290包括数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278，或具有对该数据更新器、该对象更新器和该GUI更新器的访问权限。在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278被包括在相应应用程序236-1或应用程序视图291的单个模块中。在其他实施方案中，它们被包括在两个或更多个软件模块中。
应当理解，关于触敏显示器上的用户触摸的事件处理的上述论述还适用于利用输入设备来操作多功能设备200的其他形式的用户输入，并不是所有用户输入都是在触摸屏上发起的。例如，任选地与单次或多次键盘按下或按住协作的鼠标移动和鼠标按钮按下；触控板上的接触移动，诸如轻击、拖动、滚动等；触笔输入；设备的移动；口头指令；检测到的眼睛移动；生物特征输入；和/或它们的任何组合任选地被用作对应于限定要识别的事件的子事件的输入。
图3示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触摸屏212的便携式多功能设备200。触摸屏任选地在用户界面(UI)300内显示一个或多个图形。在本实施方案中以及在下文中描述的其他实施方案中，用户能够通过例如利用一个或多个手指302(在附图中没有按比例绘制)或者利用一个或多个触笔303(在附图中没有按比例绘制)在图形上作出手势来选择这些图形中的一个或多个图形。在一些实施方案中，当用户中断与一个或多个图形的接触时，将发生对一个或多个图形的选择。在一些实施方案中，手势任选地包括一次或多次轻击、一次或多次轻扫(从左向右、从右向左、向上和/或向下)和/或已与设备200发生接触的手指的滚动(从右向左、从左向右、向上和/或向下)。在一些具体实施中或在一些情况下，不经意地与图形接触不会选择图形。例如，当与选择对应的手势为轻击时，在应用程序图标上方扫动的轻扫手势任选地不会选择对应应用程序。
设备200还可包括一个或多个物理按钮，诸如“home”或菜单按钮304。如前所述，菜单按钮304可用于导航到可在设备200上执行的一组应用程序中的任何应用程序236。另选地，在一些实施方案中，菜单按钮被实现为被显示在触摸屏212上的GUI中的软键。
在一个实施方案中，设备200包括触摸屏212、菜单按钮304、用于使设备通电/断电和用于锁定设备的下压按钮306、一个或多个音量调节按钮308、用户身份模块(SIM)卡槽310、耳麦插孔312、和对接/充电外部端口224。下压按钮306任选地用于通过压下该按钮并且将该按钮保持在压下状态持续预定义的时间间隔来对设备进行开/关机；通过压下该按钮并在该预定义的时间间隔过去之前释放该按钮来锁定设备；和/或对设备进行解锁或发起解锁过程。在另选的实施方案中，设备200还通过麦克风213来接受用于激活或去激活一些功能的言语输入。设备200还任选地包括用于检测触摸屏212上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265，和/或用于为设备200的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。
图4是根据一些实施方案的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。设备400不必为便携式的。在一些实施方案中，设备400为膝上型计算机、台式计算机、平板电脑、多媒体播放器设备、导航设备、教育设备(诸如儿童学习玩具)、游戏系统、或控制设备(例如，家用控制器或工业用控制器)。设备400通常包括一个或多个处理单元(CPU)410、一个或多个网络或其他通信接口460、存储器470、和用于使这些部件互连的一个或多个通信总线420。通信总线420任选地包括使系统部件互连并且控制系统部件之间的通信的电路(有时被叫做芯片组)。设备400包括具有显示器440的输入/输出(I/O)接口430，该显示器通常为触摸屏显示器。I/O接口430还任选地包括键盘和/或鼠标(或其他指向设备)450和触控板455、用于在设备400上生成触觉输出的触觉输出发生器457(例如，类似于以上参考图2A所述的触觉输出发生器267)、传感器459(例如，光学传感器、加速度传感器、接近传感器、触敏传感器和/或接触强度传感器(类似于以上参考图2A所述的接触强度传感器265))。存储器470包括高速随机存取存储器，诸如DRAM、SRAM、DDR RAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备；并且任选地包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、光盘存储设备、闪存设备、或其它非易失性固态存储设备。存储器470任选地包括远离CPU 410定位的一个或多个存储设备。在一些实施方案中，存储器470存储与便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202中存储的程序、模块和数据结构类似的程序、模块和数据结构或其子集。此外，存储器470任选地存储在便携式多功能设备200的存储器202中不存在的附加程序、模块、和数据结构。例如，设备400的存储器470任选地存储绘图模块480、展示模块482、文字处理模块484、网站创建模块486、盘编辑模块488和/或电子表格模块490，而便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202任选地不存储这些模块。
图4中的上述元素中的每个元素可存储在一个或多个前面提及的存储器设备中。上述所识别的模块中的每个模块对应于用于执行上述功能的指令集。上述模块或程序(例如，指令集)不必被实现为单独的软件程序、过程或模块，并且因此这些模块的各种子集可在各种实施方案中被组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施方案中，存储器470可存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器470可存储上文没有描述的附加模块和数据结构。
现在将注意力转向可在例如便携式多功能设备200上实现的用户界面的实施方案。
图5A示出了根据一些实施方案的便携式多功能设备200上的应用程序菜单的示例性用户界面。类似的用户界面可在设备400上实现。在一些实施方案中，用户界面500包括以下元件或者其子集或超集：
一种或多种无线通信(诸如蜂窝信号和Wi-Fi信号)的一个或多个信号强度指示器502；
·时间504；
·蓝牙指示符505；
·电池状态指示符506；
·具有常用应用程序的图标的托盘508，常用应用程序图标诸如：
○电话模块238的被标记为“电话”的图标516，该图标任选地包括未接来电或语音留言的数量的指示符514；
○电子邮件客户端模块240的被标记为“邮件”的图标518，该图标任选地包括未读电子邮件的数量的指示符510；
○浏览器模块247的被标记“浏览器”的图标520；以及
○视频和音乐播放器模块252(也称为iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)模块252)的被标记为“iPod”的图标522；以及
·其他应用程序的图标，诸如：
○IM模块241的被标记为“消息”的图标524；
○日历模块248的被标记为“日历”的图标526；
○图像管理模块244的被标记为“照片”的图标528；
○相机模块243的被标记为“相机”的图标530；
○在线视频模块255的被标记为“在线视频”的图标532；
○股市桌面小程序249-2的被标记为“股市”的图标534；
○地图模块254的被标记为“地图”的图标536；
○天气桌面小程序249-1的被标记为“天气”的图标538；
○闹钟桌面小程序249-4的被标记为“时钟”的图标540；
○健身支持模块242的被标记为“健身支持”的图标542；
○记事本模块253的被标记为“记事本”的图标544以及
○用于设置应用程序或模块的被标记为“设置”的图标546，该图标提供对设备200及其各种应用程序236的设置的访问。
需注意，图5A中示出的图标标签仅是示例性的。例如，视频和音乐播放器模块252的图标522可任选地被标记为“音乐”或“音乐播放器”。其他标签任选地用于各种应用程序图标。在一些实施方案中，相应应用程序图标的标签包括与该相应应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。在一些实施方案中，特定应用程序图标的标签不同于与该特定应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。
图5B示出了具有与显示器550(例如，触摸屏显示器212)分开的触敏表面551(例如，图4的平板或触控板455)的设备(例如，图4的设备400)上的示例性用户界面。设备400还任选地包括用于检测触敏表面551上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器(例如，传感器457中的一个或多个传感器)和/或用于为设备400的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器459。
尽管将参考触摸屏显示器212(其中组合了触敏表面和显示器)上的输入给出随后的示例中的一些示例，但是在一些实施方案中，设备检测与显示器分开的触敏表面上的输入，如图5B所示。在一些实施方案中，触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)具有与显示器(例如，550)上的主轴(例如，图5B中的553)对应的主轴(例如，图5B中的552)。根据这些实施方案，设备检测在与显示器上的相应位置对应的位置(例如，在图5B中，560对应于568并且562对应于570)处的与触敏表面551的接触(例如，图5B中的560和562)。这样，在触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)与多功能设备的显示器(图5B中的550)分开时，由设备在触敏表面上检测到的用户输入(例如，接触560和562以及它们的移动)被该设备用于操纵显示器上的用户界面。应当理解，类似的方法任选地用于本文所述的其他用户界面。
另外，虽然主要是参考手指输入(例如，手指接触、单指轻击手势、手指轻扫手势)来给出下面的示例，但是应当理解，在一些实施方案中，这些手指输入中的一个或多个手指输入由来自另一输入设备的输入(例如，基于鼠标的输入或触笔输入)替代。例如，轻扫手势任选地由鼠标点击(例如，而不是接触)，之后是光标沿轻扫的路径的移动(例如，而不是接触的移动)来代替。又如，轻击手势任选地由在光标位于轻击手势的位置上方时的鼠标点击(例如，而不是对接触的检测，以及之后的停止检测接触)来代替。类似地，当同时检测到多个用户输入时，应当理解的是，多个计算机鼠标任选地被同时使用，或鼠标和手指接触任选地被同时使用。
图6A示出了示例性个人电子设备600。设备600包括主体602。在一些实施方案中，设备600可包括针对设备200和400(例如，图2A至图4B)所述的特征中的一些或全部特征。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有在下文中称为触摸屏604的触敏显示屏604。另选地，或者除了触摸屏604之外，设备600具有显示器和触敏表面。与设备200和设备400的情况一样，在一些实施方案中，触摸屏604(或触敏表面)可具有用于检测正施加的接触(例如，触摸)强度的一个或多个强度传感器。触摸屏604(或触敏表面)的所述一个或多个强度传感器可提供表示触摸的强度的输出数据。设备600的用户界面可基于触摸强度来对触摸作出响应，这意味着不同强度的触摸可调用设备600上的不同用户界面操作。
用于检测和处理触摸强度的技术可例如在相关申请中找到：于2013年5月8日提交的标题为“Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface for Displaying UserInterface Objects Corresponding to an Application”的国际专利申请序列号PCT/US2013/040061、以及于2013年11月11日提交的标题为“Device,Method,and GraphicalUser Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships”的国际专利申请序列号PCT/US2013/069483，这两个国际专利申请中的每个国际专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个输入机构606和608。输入机构606和608(如果包括的话)可为物理形式的。物理输入机构的示例包括下压按钮和可旋转机构。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个附接机构。此类附接机构(如果包括的话)可允许将设备600与例如帽子、眼镜、耳环、项链、衬衣、夹克、手镯、表带、手链、裤子、皮带、鞋子、钱包、背包等附接。这些附接机构可允许用户穿戴设备600。
图6B示出了示例性个人电子设备600。在一些实施方案中，设备600可包括参考图2A、图2B和图4所述的部件中的一些或全部部件。设备600具有将I/O部分614与一个或多个计算机处理器616和存储器618操作性地耦接的总线612。I/O部分614可连接到显示器604，该显示器可具有触敏部件622并且任选地具有触摸强度敏感部件624。此外，I/O部分614可连接到通信单元630，以用于使用Wi-Fi、蓝牙、近场通信(NFC)、蜂窝和/或其他无线通信技术来接收应用程序和操作系统数据。设备600可包括输入机构606和/或608。例如，输入机构606可以是可旋转输入设备或者可按压且可旋转输入设备。在一些示例中，输入机构608可以是按钮。
在一些示例中，输入机构608可以是麦克风。个人电子设备600可包括各种传感器，诸如GPS传感器632、加速度计634、定向传感器640(例如，罗盘)、陀螺仪636、运动传感器638和/或其组合，所有这些设备均可操作地连接到I/O部分614。
个人电子设备600的存储器618可以是用于存储计算机可执行指令的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，该指令当由一个或多个计算机处理器616执行时例如可致使计算机处理器执行下述技术和过程。该计算机可执行指令还可以在任何非暂态计算机可读存储介质内进行存储和/或传输，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备获取指令并执行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合。对于本文的目的而言，“非暂态计算机可读存储介质”可以是可有形地包含或存储计算机可执行指令以供指令执行系统、装置和设备使用或与其结合的任何介质。非暂态计算机可读存储介质可包括但不限于磁存储装置、光学存储装置、和/或半导体存储装置。此类存储装置的示例包括磁盘、基于CD、DVD或Blu-ray技术的光盘、以及持久性固态存储器(诸如闪存、固态驱动器)等。个人电子设备600不限于图6B的部件和配置，而是可包括多种配置的其他部件或附加部件。
如本文所用，术语“示能表示”是指可在设备200、400和/或600(图2、图4和图6)的显示屏上显示的用户交互式图形用户界面对象。例如，图像(例如，图标)、按钮和文本(例如，超链接)可各自构成示能表示。
如本文所用，术语“焦点选择器”是指用于指示用户正与之进行交互的用户界面的当前部分的输入元素。在包括光标或其他位置标记的一些具体实施中，光标充当“焦点选择器”，使得在光标在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)上方时在触敏表面(例如，图4中的触控板455或图5B中的触敏表面551)上检测到输入(例如，按压输入)的情况下，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在包括能够实现与触摸屏显示器上的用户界面元素的直接交互的触摸屏显示器(例如，图2A中的触敏显示器系统212或图5A中的触摸屏212)的一些具体实施中，触摸屏上的所检测到的接触充当“焦点选择器”，使得当在触摸屏显示器上在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)的位置处检测到输入(例如，由接触进行的按压输入)时，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在一些具体实施中，焦点从用户界面的一个区域移动到用户界面的另一个区域，而无需光标的对应移动或触摸屏显示器上的接触的移动(例如，通过使用制表键或箭头键将焦点从一个按钮移动到另一个按钮)；在这些具体实施中，焦点选择器根据焦点在用户界面的不同区域之间的移动而移动。不考虑焦点选择器所采取的具体形式，焦点选择器通常为由用户控制的以便递送与用户界面的用户预期的交互(例如，通过向设备指示用户界面的用户期望与其进行交互的元素)的用户界面元素(或触摸屏显示器上的接触)。例如，在触敏表面(例如，触控板或触摸屏)上检测到按压输入时，焦点选择器(例如，光标、接触或选择框)在相应按钮上方的位置将指示用户期望激活相应按钮(而不是设备的显示器上示出的其他用户界面元素)。
如说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，接触的“特征强度”这一术语是指基于接触的一个或多个强度的接触的特征。在一些实施方案中，特征强度基于多个强度样本。特征强度任选地基于相对于预定义事件(例如，在检测到接触之后，在检测到接触抬起之前，在检测到接触开始移动之前或之后，在检测到接触结束之前，在检测到接触的强度增大之前或之后和/或在检测到接触的强度减小之前或之后)而言在预先确定的时间段(例如，0.05秒、0.1秒、0.2秒、0.5秒、1秒、2秒、5秒、10秒)期间采样的预定义数量的强度样本或一组强度样本。接触的特征强度任选地基于以下各项中的一者或多者：接触强度的最大值、接触强度的均值、接触强度的平均值、接触强度的前10％处的值、接触强度的半最大值、接触强度的90％最大值等。在一些实施方案中，在确定特征强度时使用接触的持续时间(例如，在特征强度为接触的强度在时间上的平均值时)。在一些实施方案中，将特征强度与一组一个或多个强度阈值进行比较，以确定用户是否已执行操作。例如，该组一个或多个强度阈值可包括第一强度阈值和第二强度阈值。在该示例中，特征强度未超过第一阈值的接触导致第一操作，特征强度超过第一强度阈值但未超过第二强度阈值的接触导致第二操作，并且特征强度超过第二阈值的接触导致第三操作。在一些实施方案中，使用特征强度与一个或多个阈值之间的比较来确定是否要执行一个或多个操作(例如，是执行相应操作还是放弃执行相应操作)，而不是用于确定执行第一操作还是第二操作。
在一些实施方案中，识别手势的一部分以用于确定特征强度。例如，触敏表面可接收连续的轻扫接触，该连续的轻扫接触从起始位置过渡并到达结束位置，在该结束位置处，接触的强度增加。在该实施例中，接触在结束位置处的特征强度可仅基于连续轻扫接触的一部分，而不是整个轻扫接触(例如，仅结束位置处的轻扫接触的一部分)。在一些实施方案中，可在确定接触的特征强度之前向轻扫手势的强度应用平滑化算法。例如，该平滑化算法任选地包括以下各项中的一者或多者：不加权滑动平均平滑化算法、三角平滑化算法、中值滤波器平滑化算法、和/或指数平滑化算法。在一些情况下，这些平滑化算法消除了轻扫接触的强度中的窄的尖峰或凹陷，以用于确定特征强度。
可相对于一个或多个强度阈值诸如接触检测强度阈值、轻按压强度阈值、深按压强度阈值、和/或一个或多个其他强度阈值来表征触敏表面上的接触的强度。在一些实施方案中，轻按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下，设备将执行通常与点击物理鼠标或触控板的按钮相关联的操作。在一些实施方案中，深按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下设备将执行与通常与点击物理鼠标或触控板的按钮相关联的操作不同的操作。在一些实施方案中，当检测到特征强度低于轻按压强度阈值(例如，并且高于标称接触检测强度阈值，比标称接触检测强度阈值低的接触不再被检测到)的接触时，设备将根据接触在触敏表面上的移动来移动焦点选择器，而无需执行与轻按压强度阈值或深按压强度阈值相关联的操作。一般来讲，除非另有陈述，否则这些强度阈值在不同组的用户界面附图之间为一致的。
接触的特征强度从低于轻按压强度阈值的强度增大到介于轻按压强度阈值与深按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为“轻按压”输入。接触的特征强度从低于深按压强度阈值的强度增大到高于深按压强度阈值的强度有时被称为“深按压”输入。接触的特征强度从低于接触检测强度阈值的强度增大到介于接触检测强度阈值与轻按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为检测到触摸表面上的接触。接触特征强度从高于接触检测强度阈值的强度减小到低于接触检测强度阈值的强度有时被称为检测到接触从触摸表面抬离。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值为零。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值大于零。
在本文中所述的一些实施方案中，响应于检测到包括相应按压输入的手势或响应于检测到利用相应接触(或多个接触)执行的相应按压输入来执行一个或多个操作，其中至少部分地基于检测到该接触(或多个接触)的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值而检测到相应按压输入。在一些实施方案中，响应于检测到相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向下冲程”)来执行相应操作。在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。
在一些实施方案中，设备采用强度滞后以避免有时称为“抖动”的意外输入，其中该设备限定或选择与按压输入强度阈值具有预定义关系的滞后强度阈值(例如，滞后强度阈值比按压输入强度阈值小X个强度单位，或滞后强度阈值是按压输入强度阈值的75％、90％或某些合理的比例)。因此，在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于对应于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于滞后强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。类似地，在一些实施方案中，仅在设备检测到接触的强度从等于或低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到等于或高于按压输入强度阈值的强度并且任选地接触的强度随后减小到等于或低于滞后强度的强度时才检测到按压输入，并且响应于检测到按压输入(例如，根据环境，接触的强度增大或接触的强度减小)来执行相应操作。
为了容易解释，任选地，响应于检测到以下各种情况中的任一种情况而触发对响应于与按压输入强度阈值相关联的按压输入或响应于包括按压输入的手势而执行的操作的描述：接触强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值、接触强度从低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值的强度、接触强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值、和/或接触强度减小到低于与按压输入强度阈值对应的滞后强度阈值。另外，在将操作描述为响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值而执行的示例中，任选地响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于对应于并且小于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值来执行操作。
3.数字助理系统
图7A示出根据各种示例的数字助理系统700的框图。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可在独立式计算机系统上实现。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可跨多个计算机分布。在一些示例中，数字助理的模块和功能中的一些模块和功能可被划分成服务器部分和客户端部分，其中客户端部分位于一个或多个用户设备(例如，设备104,122,200,400或600)上并通过一个或多个网络来与服务器部分(例如，服务器系统108)进行通信，例如，如图1所示。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可以是图1中所示的服务器系统108(和/或DA服务器106)的具体实施。应当指出的是，数字助理系统700仅为数字助理系统的一个示例，并且该数字助理系统700可具有比所示更多或更少的部件、可组合两个或更多个部件，或者可具有部件的不同配置或布置。图7A中所示的各种部件可在硬件、用于由一个或多个处理器执行的软件指令、固件(包括一个或多个信号处理集成电路和/或专用集成电路)、或它们的组合中实现。
数字助理系统700可包括存储器702、一个或多个处理器704、输入/输出(I/O)接口706、以及网络通信接口708。这些部件可通过一个或多个通信总线或信号线710彼此进行通信。
在一些示例中，存储器702可包括非暂态计算机可读介质，诸如高速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性计算机可读存储介质(例如，一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备、或其他非易失性固态存储器设备)。
在一些示例中，I/O接口706可将数字助理系统700的输入/输出设备716诸如显示器、键盘、触摸屏和麦克风耦接至用户界面模块722。与用户界面模块722结合的I/O接口706可接收用户输入(例如，声音输入、键盘输入、触摸输入等)并相应地对这些输入进行处理。在一些示例中，例如当数字助理在独立式用户设备上实现时，数字助理系统700可包括分别相对于图2A、图4、图6A-B中的设备200、400或600所描述的部件和I/O通信接口中的任一者。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可代表数字助理具体实施的服务器部分，并且可通过位于用户设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)上的客户端侧部分来与用户进行交互。
在一些示例中，网络通信接口708可包括一个或多个有线通信端口712、和/或无线传输和接收电路714。一个或多个有线通信端口可经由一个或多个有线接口例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线等来接收和发送通信信号。无线电路714可从通信网络以及其他通信设备接收RF信号和/或光学信号，并且将RF信号和/或光学信号发送至通信网络以及其他通信设备。无线通信可使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一者，诸如GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX、或任何其他合适的通信协议。网络通信接口708可使得数字助理系统700通过网络诸如互联网、内联网和/或无线网络(诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN))与其他设备之间的通信成为可能。
在一些示例中，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质可存储程序、模块、指令和数据结构，包括以下内容中的全部或其子集：操作系统718、通信模块720、用户界面模块722、一个或多个应用程序724、和数字助理模块726。具体地讲，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质可存储用于执行下述过程的指令。一个或多个处理器704可执行这些程序、模块和指令，并从数据结构读取数据或将数据写到数据结构。
操作系统718(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、WINDOWS，或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)可包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、电源管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动器，并且促进各种硬件、固件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块720可促进数字助理系统700与其他设备之间的通过网络通信接口708进行的通信。例如，通信模块720可与电子设备(诸如，分别在图2A、图4、图6A-B中示出的设备200、400和600)的RF电路208进行通信。通信模块720还可包括用于处理由无线电路714和/或有线通信端口712所接收的数据的各种部件。
用户界面模块722可经由I/O接口706来接收来自用户(例如，来自键盘、触摸屏、指向设备、控制器和/或麦克风)的命令和/或输入，并在显示器上生成用户界面对象。用户界面模块722还可准备输出(例如，语音、声音、动画、文本、图标、振动、触觉反馈、光照等)并将其经由I/O接口706(例如，通过显示器、音频通道、扬声器、触控板等)递送给用户。
应用程序724可包括被配置为由一个或多个处理器704执行的程序和/或模块。例如，如果数字助理系统在独立式用户设备上实现，则应用程序724可包括用户应用程序，诸如游戏、日历应用程序、导航应用程序、或邮件应用程序。如果数字助理系统700在服务器上实现，则应用程序724可包括例如资源管理应用程序、诊断应用程序、或调度应用程序。
存储器702还可存储数字助理模块726(或数字助理的服务器部分)。在一些示例中，数字助理模块726可包括以下子模块或者其子集或超集：输入/输出处理模块728、语音转文本(STT)处理模块730、自然语言处理模块732、对话流处理模块734、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块738、和语音合成模块740。这些模块中的每个模块均可具有对以下数字助理模块726的系统或数据与模型中的一者或多者或者其子集或超集的访问权限：知识本体760、词汇索引744、用户数据748、任务流模型754、服务模型756和ASR系统。
在一些示例中，使用在数字助理模块726中实现的处理模块、数据和模型，数字助理可执行以下中的至少一些：将语音输入转换成文本；识别在从用户接收的自然语言输入中表达的用户意图；主动引出并获得完全推断用户意图所需的信息(例如，通过消除字词、姓名、意图的歧义等)；确定用于满足推断出的意图的任务流；以及执行该任务流以满足推断出的意图。
在一些示例中，如图7B中所示，I/O处理模块728可通过图7A中的I/O设备716与用户进行交互或通过图7A中的网络通信接口708与用户设备(例如，设备104、设备200、设备400或设备600)进行交互，以获取用户输入(例如，语音输入)并提供对用户输入的响应(例如，作为语音输出)。I/O处理模块728随同接收到用户输入一起或在接收到用户输入之后不久可任选地获取与来自用户设备的用户输入相关联的上下文信息。上下文信息可包括特定于用户的数据、词汇，和/或与用户输入相关的偏好。在一些示例中，该上下文信息还包括在接收到用户请求时的用户设备的软件状态和硬件状态，和/或与在接收到用户请求时的用户的周围环境相关的信息。在一些示例中，I/O处理模块728还可将与用户请求有关的跟进问题发送至用户，并从用户接收回答。在用户请求被I/O处理模块728接收并且用户请求可包括语音输入时，I/O处理模块728可将语音输入转发至STT处理模块730(或语音识别器)，以用于语音文本转换。
STT处理模块730可包括一个或多个ASR系统。该一个或多个ASR系统可处理通过I/O处理模块728接收到的语音输入，以产生识别结果。每个ASR系统可包括前端语音预处理器。前端语音预处理器可从语音输入提取代表性特征。例如，前端语音预处理器可对语音输入执行傅里叶变换，以提取表征语音输入的光谱特征作为代表性多维向量的序列。此外，每个ASR系统可包括一个或多个语音识别模型(例如，声音模型和/或语言模型)，并且可实现一个或多个语音识别引擎。语音识别模型的示例可包括隐马尔可夫模型、高斯混合模型、深层神经网络模型、n元语言模型、以及其他统计模型。语音识别引擎的示例可包括基于动态时间规整的引擎和基于加权有限状态换能器(WFST)的引擎。一个或多个语音识别模型和一个或多个语音识别引擎可用于处理前端语音预处理器的所提取的代表性特征，以产生中间识别结果(例如，音素、音素串和子字)，并且最终产生文本识别结果(例如，字词、字词串或符号的序列)。在一些示例中，语音输入可至少部分地由第三方服务处理或在用户的设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)上处理，以产生识别结果。一旦STT处理模块730产生包含文本串(例如，字词，或字词的序列，或符号的序列)的识别结果，识别结果便可被传送至自然语言处理模块732以用于意图推断。
有关语音转文本处理的更多细节在提交于2011年9月20日的标题为“Consolidating Speech Recognition Results”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号13/236,942中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730可包括可识别字词的词汇，和/或可经由语音字母转换模块731来访问该词汇。每个词汇字词可与以语音识别语音字母表来表示的字词的一个或多个候选发音相关联。具体地，可识别字词的词汇可包括与多个候选发音相关联的字词。例如，该词汇可包括与/
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/和/
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/的候选发音相关联的字词“tomato”。此外，词汇字词可与基于来自用户的先前语音输入的自定义候选发音相关联。此类自定义候选发音可被存储在STT处理模块730中，并且可经由设备上的用户配置文件而与特定用户相关联。在一些示例中，字词的候选发音可基于字词的拼写以及一个或多个语言学和/或语音学规则来确定。在一些示例中，候选发音可手动生成，例如基于已知的标准发音而手动生成。
在一些示例中，可基于候选发音的普遍性来对候选发音进行排名。例如，候选语音/
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/的排名可高于/
Figure BDA0001648848380000435
/，因为前者是更常用的发音(例如，在所有用户中，对于特定地理区域的用户而言，或者对于任何其他合适的用户子集而言)。在一些示例中，可基于候选发音是否为与用户相关联的自定义候选发音来对候选发音进行排名。例如，自定义候选发音的排名可高于标准候选发音。这可用于识别具有偏离规范发音的独特发音的专有名词。在一些示例中，候选发音可与一个或多个语音特征(诸如地理起源、国家、或种族)相关联。例如，候选发音/
Figure BDA0001648848380000441
/可能与美国相关联，而候选发音/
Figure BDA0001648848380000442
/可能与英国相关联。此外，候选发音的排名可基于被存储在设备上的用户配置文件中的用户的一个或多个特征(例如，地理起源、国家、种族等)。例如，可从用户配置文件确定该用户与美国相关联。基于用户与美国相关联，可将候选发音/
Figure BDA0001648848380000443
/(与美国相关联)排得比候选发音/
Figure BDA0001648848380000444
/(与英国相关联)更高。在一些示例中，经排名的候选发音中的一个候选发音可被选作预测发音(例如，最可能的发音)。
当接收到语音输入时，STT处理模块730可用于(例如，使用声音模型)确定对应于该语音输入的音素，并且然后尝试(例如，使用语言模型)确定匹配该音素的字词。例如，如果STT处理模块730可首先识别与该语音输入的一部分对应的音素序列/
Figure BDA0001648848380000445
/，则其随后可基于词汇索引744来确定该序列对应于字词“tomato”。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730可使用模糊匹配技术来确定话语中的字词。因此，例如，STT处理模块730可确定音素序列/
Figure BDA0001648848380000446
/对应于字词“tomato”，即使该特定音素序列不是该字词的候选音素序列。
数字助理的自然语言处理模块732(“自然语言处理器”)可获取由STT处理模块730生成的字词或符号的序列(“符号序列”)，并尝试将该符号序列与由数字助理所识别的一个或多个“可执行意图”相关联。“可执行意图”可表示可由数字助理执行并且可具有在任务流模型754中实现的相关联的任务流的任务。相关联任务流可以是数字助理为了执行任务而采取的一系列经编程的动作和步骤。数字助理的能力范围可取决于已在任务流模型754中实施并存储的任务流的数量和种类，或换句话讲，取决于数字助理所识别的“可执行意图”的数量和种类。然而，数字助理的有效性还可取决于助理从以自然语言表达的用户请求中推断出正确的“一个或多个可执行意图”的能力。
在一些示例中，除从STT处理模块730获取的字词或符号的序列之外，自然语言处理模块732还可(例如，从I/O处理模块728)接收与用户请求相关联的上下文信息。自然语言处理模块732可任选地使用上下文信息来明确、补充和/或进一步限定被包含在从STT处理模块730接收的符号序列中的信息。上下文信息可包括例如：用户偏好、用户设备的硬件和/或软件状态、在用户请求之前、期间或之后不久收集的传感器信息、数字助理与用户之间的先前交互(例如，对话)等。如本文所述，上下文信息可以是动态的，并且可随对话的时间、位置、内容以及其他因素而变化。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理可基于例如知识本体760。知识本体760可以是包含许多节点的分级结构，每个节点表示“可执行意图”或与“可执行意图”或其他“属性”中的一者或多者相关的“属性”。如上所述，“可执行意图”可表示数字助理能够执行的任务，即该任务为“可执行的”或可被进行的。“属性”可表示与可执行意图或另一属性的子方面相关联的参数。知识本体760中的可执行意图节点与属性节点之间的链接可定义由属性节点表示的参数如何与由可执行意图节点表示的任务相关。
在一些示例中，知识本体760可由可执行意图节点和属性节点组成。在知识本体760内，每个可执行意图节点可直接链接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点链接至一个或多个属性节点。类似地，每个属性节点可直接链接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点链接至一个或多个可执行意图节点。例如，如图7C所示，知识本体760可包括“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”(针对预订)和“同行人数”各自可直接链接至可执行意图节点(即，“餐厅预订”节点)。
此外，属性节点“菜系”、“价格区间”、“电话号码”和“位置”可以是属性节点“餐厅”的子节点，并且各自可通过中间属性节点“餐厅”而被链接至“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。又如，如图7C所示，知识本体760还可包括“设定提醒”节点(即，另一可执行意图节点)。属性节点“日期/时间”(针对设定提醒)和“主题”(针对提醒)各自可链接至“设定提醒”节点。由于属性“日期/时间”可与进行餐厅预订的任务和设定提醒的任务两者相关，因此属性节点“日期/时间”可链接至知识本体760中的“餐厅预订”节点和“设定提醒”节点两者。
可执行意图节点连同其链接的概念节点一起可被描述为“域”。在本论述中，每个域可与相应的可执行意图相关联，并涉及与特定可执行意图相关联的一组节点(以及这些节点之间的关系)。例如，图7C中示出的知识本体760可包括知识本体760内的餐厅预订域762的示例以及提醒域764的示例。餐厅预订域包括可执行意图节点“餐厅预订”、属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”和“同行人数”以及子属性节点“菜系”、“价格范围”、“电话号码”和“位置”。提醒域764可包括可执行意图节点“设置提醒”以及属性节点“主题”和“日期/时间”。在一些示例中，知识本体760可由多个域组成。每个域可与一个或多个其他域共享一个或多个属性节点。例如，除了餐厅预订域762和提醒域764之外，“日期/时间”属性节点还可与许多不同域(例如，行程安排域、旅行预订域、电影票域等)相关联。
尽管图7C示出了知识本体760内的两个示例域，但其他域可包括例如“查找电影”、“发起电话呼叫”、“查找方向”、“安排会议”、“发送消息”以及“提供问题的回答”、“阅读列表”、“提供导航指令”、“提供针对任务的指令”等。“发送消息”域可与“发送消息”可执行意图节点相关联，并且还可包括属性节点诸如“一个或多个接收人”、“消息类型”和“消息正文”。属性节点“接收人”可进一步例如由子属性节点诸如“接收人名称”和“消息地址”来限定。
在一些示例中，知识本体760可包括数字助理能够理解并对其起作用的所有域(以及因此可执行的意图)。在一些示例中，知识本体760可诸如通过添加或移除整个域或节点，或者通过修改知识本体760内的节点之间的关系来进行修改。
在一些示例中，可将与多个相关可执行意图相关联的节点群集在知识本体760中的“超级域”下。例如，“旅行”超级域可包括与旅行有关的属性节点和可执行意图节点的群集。与旅行有关的可执行意图节点可包括“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“获取路线”、“寻找兴趣点”等。同一超级域(例如，“旅行”超级域)下的可执行意图节点可具有多个共用的属性节点。例如，针对“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”和“寻找兴趣点”的可执行意图节点可共享属性节点“起始位置”、“目的地”、“出发日期/时间”、“到达日期/时间”和“同行人数”中的一者或多者。
在一些示例中，知识本体760中的每个节点可与和由节点代表的属性或可执行意图有关的一组字词和/或短语相关联。与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语可是所谓的与节点相关联的“词汇”。可将与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语存储在与由节点所表示的属性或可执行意图相关联的词汇索引744中。例如，返回图7B，与“餐厅”属性的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词诸如“美食”、“酒水”、“菜系”、“饥饿”、“吃”、“披萨”、“快餐”、“膳食”等。又如，与“发起电话呼叫”可执行意图的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词和短语，诸如“呼叫”、“打电话”、“拨打”、“与……通电话”、“呼叫该号码”、“打电话给”等。词汇索引744可任选地包括不同语言的字词和短语。
自然语言处理模块732可从STT处理模块730接收符号序列(例如，文本串)，并确定符号序列中的字词牵涉哪些节点。在一些示例中，如果发现符号序列中的字词或短语(经由词汇索引744)与知识本体760中的一个或多个节点相关联，则该字词或短语可“触发”或“激活”这些节点。基于已激活节点的数量和/或相对重要性，自然语言处理模块732可选择可执行意图中的一个可执行意图作为用户意图使数字助理执行的任务。在一些示例中，可选择具有最多“已触发”节点的域。在一些示例中，可选择具有最高置信度(例如，基于其各个已触发节点的相对重要性)的域。在一些示例中，可基于已触发节点的数量和重要性的组合来选择域。在一些示例中，在选择节点的过程中还考虑附加因素，诸如数字助理先前是否已正确解译来自用户的类似请求。
用户数据748可包括特定于用户的信息，诸如特定于用户的词汇、用户偏好、用户地址、用户的默认语言和第二语言、用户的联系人列表、以及每位用户的其他短期或长期信息。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可使用特定于用户的信息来补充用户输入中所包含的信息，以进一步限定用户意图。例如，针对用户请求“邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会”，自然语言处理模块732可能够访问用户数据748以确定“朋友”是哪些人以及“生日聚会”将于何时何地举行，而无需用户在其请求中明确地提供此类信息。
基于符号串搜索知识本体的其他细节在于2008年12月22日提交的标题为“Methodand Apparatus for Searching Using An Active Ontology”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号12/341,743中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，一旦自然语言处理模块732基于用户请求而识别出可执行意图(或域)，自然语言处理模块732便可生成结构化查询，以表示所识别的可执行意图。在一些示例中，结构化查询可包括针对可执行意图的域内的一个或多个节点的参数，并且该参数中的至少一些参数填充有在用户请求中指定的特定信息和要求。例如，用户可以说“帮我在寿司店预订晚上7点的座位。”在这种情况下，自然语言处理模块732可能够基于用户输入将可执行意图正确地识别为“餐厅预订”。根据知识本体，“餐厅预订”域的结构化查询可包括参数诸如{菜系}、{时间}、{日期}、{同行人数}等。在一些示例中，基于语音输入和使用STT处理模块730从语音输入得出的文本，自然语言处理模块732可针对餐厅预订域生成部分结构化查询，其中部分结构化查询包括参数{菜系＝“寿司类”}以及{时间＝“晚上7点”}。然而，在该示例中，用户话语包含不足以完成与域相关联的结构化查询的信息。因此，基于当前可用的信息，在结构化查询中可能未指定其他必要的参数，诸如{同行人数}和{日期}。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可利用所接收的上下文信息来填充结构化查询的一些参数。例如，在一些示例中，如果请求“附近的”寿司店，自然语言处理模块732可利用来自用户设备的GPS坐标来填充结构化查询中的{位置}参数。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可将所生成的结构化查询(包括任何已完成的参数)传送至任务流处理模块736(“任务流处理器”)。任务流处理模块736可被配置为接收来自自然语言处理模块732的结构化查询，(必要时)完成结构化查询，并且执行“完成”用户最终请求所需的动作。在一些示例中，完成这些任务所必需的各种过程可在任务流模型754中提供。在一些示例中，任务流模型754可包括用于获取来自用户的附加信息的过程，以及用于执行与可执行意图相关联的动作的任务流。
如上所述，为了完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736可能需要发起与用户的附加对话，以便获得附加信息和/或弄清可能有歧义的话语。当有必要进行此类交互时，任务流处理模块736可调用对话流处理模块734以参与同用户的对话。在一些示例中，对话流处理模块734可确定如何(和/或何时)向用户请求附加信息，并且接收和处理用户响应。该问题可通过I/O处理模块728而被提供至用户并可从用户接收回答。在一些示例中，对话处理模块734可经由音频和/或视觉输出来向用户呈现对话输出，并接收经由口头或物理(例如，点击)响应的来自用户的输入。继续上述示例，当任务流处理模块736调用对话流处理模块734来确定针对与域“餐厅预订”相关联的结构化查询的“同行人数”和“日期”信息时，对话流处理模块734可生成问题诸如“一行几位？”和“预订哪天？”以传递给用户。一旦从用户接收到回答，对话流处理模块734便可利用缺失信息填充结构化查询，或将信息传递给任务流处理模块736以根据结构化查询来完成缺失信息。
一旦任务流处理模块736已针对可执行意图完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736便可着手执行与可执行意图相关联的最终任务。因此，任务流处理模块736可根据包含在结构化查询中的特定参数来执行任务流模型中的步骤和指令。例如，针对可执行意图“餐厅预订”的任务流模型可包括用于联系餐厅并在特定时间实际上请求针对特定同行人数的预订的步骤和指令。例如，使用结构化查询诸如：{餐厅预订、餐厅＝ABC咖啡馆、日期＝3/12/2012、时间＝7pm、同行人数＝5}，任务流处理模块736可执行以下步骤：(1)登录ABC咖啡馆的服务器或餐厅预订系统诸如
Figure BDA0001648848380000491
(2)在网站上的表格中输入日期、时间和同行人数信息，(3)提交表格，以及(4)在用户的日历中形成针对预订的日历条目。
在一些示例中，任务流处理模块736可在服务处理模块738(“服务处理模块”)的辅助下完成用户输入中所请求的任务或者提供用户输入中所请求的信息性回答。例如，服务处理模块738可代表任务流处理模块736来发起电话呼叫、设置日历条目、调用地图搜索、调用用户设备上安装的其他用户应用程序或与该其他应用程序进行交互、以及调用第三方服务(例如，餐厅预订门户网站、社交网站、银行门户网站等)、或与第三方服务进行交互。在一些示例中，可通过服务模型756中的相应服务模型来指定每项服务所需的协议和应用编程接口(API)。服务处理模块738可针对服务来访问适当的服务模型，并依据服务模型根据该服务所需的协议和API来生成针对该服务的请求。
例如，如果餐厅已启用在线预订服务，则餐厅可提交服务模型，该服务模型指定进行预订的必要参数以及将必要参数的值传送至在线预订服务的API。在被任务流处理模块736请求时，服务处理模块738可使用被存储在服务模型中的web地址来建立与在线预订服务的网络连接，并将预订的必要参数(例如，时间、日期、同行人数)以符合在线预订服务的API的格式发送至在线预订接口。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732、对话处理模块734以及任务流处理模块736可被共同且反复地使用，以推断并限定用户的意图、获得信息，以进一步明确并细化用户意图并最终生成响应(即，输出至用户或完成任务)以满足用户的意图。所生成的响应可以是对语音输入的至少部分地满足用户的意图的对话响应。此外，在一些示例中，所生成的响应可被输出为语音输出。在这些示例中，所生成的响应可被发送到语音合成模块740(例如，语音合成器)，在语音合成模块中，可处理所生成的响应以将对话响应以语音形式合成。在其他示例中，所生成的响应可以是与满足语音输入中的用户请求相关的数据内容。
语音合成模块740可被配置为合成语音输出以呈现给用户。语音合成模块740基于数字助理提供的文本来合成语音输出。例如，所生成的对话响应可为文本串的形式。语音合成模块740可将文本串转换成可听语音输出。语音合成模块740可使用任何合适的语音合成技术，以便从文本生成语音输出，包括但不限于：拼接合成、单位选择合成、双音素合成、特定于域的合成、共振峰合成、发音合成、基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的合成、以及正弦波合成。在一些示例中，语音合成模块740可被配置为基于与这些字词对应的音素串来合成各个字词。例如，音素串可与所生成的对话响应中的字词相关联。音素串可被存储在与字词相关联的元数据中。语音合成模型740可被配置为直接处理元数据中的音素串，以合成语音形式的字词。
在一些示例中，替代使用语音合成模块740(或除此之外)，可在远程设备(例如，服务器系统108)上执行语音合成，并且可将合成的语音发送至用户设备以输出给用户。例如，这可发生在一些具体实施中，其中在服务器系统处生成数字助理的输出。并且由于服务器系统通常比用户设备具有更强的处理能力或更多的资源，有可能获得比客户端侧合成将实现的质量更高的语音输出。
有关数字助理的附加细节可在于2011年1月10日提交的标题为“IntelligentAutomated Assistant”的美国实用新型专利申请号12/987,982和于2011年9月30日提交的标题为“Generating and Processing Task Items That Represent Tasks to Perform”的美国实用新型专利申请号13/251,088中找到，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
4.用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的过程
图8、图11A-D和图13A-C示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的过程800、1100和1300。图9A-L、图12A-H和图14A-I示出了根据各种示例的用于在即时消息环境中操作数字助理的电子设备的示例性用户界面。可使用实现数字助理的一个或多个电子设备来执行过程800、1100和1300。在一些示例中，这些过程可在实现数字助理的客户端-服务器系统(例如，系统100)处执行。在一些示例中，这些过程可在电子设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)处执行。在过程800、1100和1300中，一些框被任选地组合，一些框的顺序被任选地改变，并且一些框被任选地省略。此外，普通技术人员将会理解一个示例性过程的框可在另一个示例性过程中实现。例如，过程1100或1300的框可在过程800中实现。
下面同时参考图8和图9A-L对过程800进行描述。在框802处，可在电子设备的显示器(例如，触摸屏212或显示器440)上显示图形用户界面(GUI)。例如，如图9A所示，可显示电子设备900的GUI 902。电子设备900可类似于上述设备104、200、400或600中的一者或多者，并且可实现数字助理。GUI 902可以是电子设备的即时消息应用程序(例如，由即时消息模块241实现的即时消息应用程序)的GUI。即时消息应用程序可被配置为将消息发送到一个或多个接收人并且接收来自一个或多个接收人的消息。如图所示，GUI 902可包括电子设备900的用户与数字助理之间先前交换的多个先前消息903。具体地讲，多个先前消息903可包括来自用户的寻址到数字助理的先前消息，以及由数字助理响应于用户的先前消息而生成的先前消息。例如，多个先前消息903中的先前消息910可从用户输入生成并且寻址到数字助理。多个先前消息903中的先前消息912可由数字助理响应于来自用户的先前消息910而生成。
如图所示，可在会话视图中呈现GUI 902中的多个先前消息903。具体地讲，可按时间顺序显示多个先前消息903。在本实施例中，从顶部到底部按时间顺序显示多个先前消息903，其中在GUI 902的顶部显示最旧的先前消息，并且在GUI 902的底部显示最新的先前消息。此外，可在与来自数字助理的消息相反的GUI 902的一侧上显示来自用户的消息。具体地讲，来自用户的先前消息(例如，先前消息910)可向GUI 902的右侧对齐，而来自数字助理的先前消息(例如，先前消息912)可向GUI 902的左侧对齐。
所述多个先前消息可包括用户与数字助理之间的一个或多个交互式会话。每个交互式会话可包括两个或更多个先前消息。具体地讲，可由来自用户的初始请求发起交互式会话，并且交互式会话中的消息可各自与该初始请求相关。例如，先前消息910和912可以是相同交互式会话的一部分。
所述多个先前消息可表示用户与数字助理之间的所有先前交互式会话(例如，自上一次清除消息历史以来)的文本历史。先前的交互式会话可包括经由即时消息应用程序进行的基于文本的交互，或经由与即时消息应用程序分开的数字助理界面进行的基于语音的交互。例如，如图9A所示，先前消息914和916可以是即时消息应用程序之外发生的、数字助理与用户之间先前基于语音的交互的文本转录。先前基于语音的交互可能在过程800的框806处接收到用户输入之前就已发生，并且可能在先前在电子设备处检测到调用数字助理的用户输入时就已发起。检测用户输入可包括例如检测电子设备上的按钮的按压或检测电子设备上的示能表示的选择。响应于检测到用户输入，可对电子设备中包含用户话语的音频进行采样。在该实施例中，用户话语可包括请求“巧克力棒中的卡路里。”电子设备可致使用户话语被转录为文本，并且可将用户话语的文本表示包括在GUI 902中作为先前消息914。电子设备还可致使根据从用户话语得出的用户意图来执行动作。具体地讲，可将采样的音频数据传输至数字助理服务器(例如，DA服务器106)以基于用户话语来确定可执行意图并且生成对应于可执行意图的任务流。另选地，电子设备可在本地处理采样的音频数据以确定可执行意图并且生成对应的任务流。可由数字助理服务器和/或电子设备执行该任务流以执行该动作。在该实施例中，所执行的动作可以是对巧克力棒中的卡路里数量的搜索。可通过电子设备动作来输出基于搜索所得结果的响应。例如，该响应可提供牛奶巧克力棒中的卡路里数量。如图9A所示，可将该响应的文本表示包括在GUI 902中作为先前消息916。
所述多个先前消息中的每一个可与电子设备的先前上下文状态相关联。该先前上下文状态可类似于下文所述在框810处存储的上下文状态。具体地讲，先前上下文状态可包括在接收到与先前消息相关联的用户输入之时电子设备的状态相关的信息。例如，先前上下文状态可包括定义何时接收到用户输入的时间信息(例如，时间)，或定义在接收到用户输入之时电子设备的位置的位置信息。此外，包括用户输入以及数字助理对用户输入作出的对应响应的一对先前消息可与相同的先前上下文状态相关联。例如，先前消息910和912可与相同的先前上下文状态相关联。具体地讲，先前消息910和912的先前上下文状态可以是在接收到与先前消息910相关联的用户输入之时电子设备的状态。此外，与先前消息910和912相关联的先前上下文状态可不同于与先前消息914和916相关联的先前上下文状态。
在一些实施例中，可任选地在用户与数字助理之间的当前交互式会话期间利用与先前消息相关联的电子设备的先前上下文状态。例如，用户可能希望找到与特定先前消息相关联的位置处的餐厅。在这些实施例中，可执行框804。
在框804处，可检测到所述多个先前消息中的第一先前消息的用户选择。用户选择可以是与第一先前消息相关联的任何合适的用户输入。具体地讲，可经由GUI 902检测到用户选择。第一先前消息可与电子设备的第一先前上下文状态相关联。响应于检测到第一先前消息的用户选择，可检索电子设备的第一先前上下文状态。然后可利用所检索到的第一先前上下文状态来处理表示用户请求的用户输入(例如，框806的用户输入)。在一些实施例中，框804可在框806之前执行。在其他实施例中，框804可在框806之后且在框808之前执行。
在框806处，可接收用户输入。可经由电子设备的用户输入界面接收用户输入。如图9B所示，GUI 902可包括用户输入界面910。用户输入可包括文本和/或媒体对象。可经由用户输入界面910的键盘911接收文本输入。另选地，可使用语音输入按钮905接收文本输入，该语音输入按钮允许经由电子设备的麦克风(例如，麦克风213)接收的用户话语被转录为文本。媒体对象可以是图像、音频剪辑、视频剪辑等等。可使用图像/视频按钮904和音频按钮908接收媒体对象。具体地讲，图像/视频按钮904的选择可允许用户检索存储在电子设备上的图像/视频或使用电子设备的相机(例如，光学传感器264)捕获新图像/视频。音频按钮908的选择可允许用户经由电子设备的麦克风(例如，麦克风213)记录音频剪辑。可在提交之前在文本输入字段906中显示经由用户输入界面910接收的用户输入。用户输入可表示对执行任务或检索信息的用户请求。用户输入可以是自然语言形式。在图9B所示的本实施例中，用户输入可以是文本输入918“巨人队表现如何？”
在一些实施例中，用户可利用先前消息实现用户输入的更快录入。具体地讲，可选择所述多个先前消息中的先前消息来自动填充用户输入界面的文本输入字段。例如，参考图9A，可检测到与先前消息910相关联的用户输入。用户输入可以是经由GUI 902对先前消息910的用户选择。响应于检测到与先前消息910相关联的用户输入，可在GUI 902的文本输入字段906中显示先前消息910的文本(例如，“告诉John Smith我要晚一点。”)。这可能是期望的，以允许用户以较少的动作在较短的时间内输入请求。例如，如果用户希望输入文本“告诉John White我要晚一点”，用户可在文本输入字段906中自动填充先前消息910的文本并且将“Smith”更改为“White”。
在框808处，可将框806的用户输入显示为GUI中的第一消息。例如，参考图9C，可将文本输入918显示为GUI 902中的消息922。具体地讲，可将消息922寻址到数字助理。可响应于在框806处接收到用户输入而执行框808。
在框810处，电子设备可存储与所显示的用户输入相对应的电子设备的上下文状态。具体地讲，可将上下文状态与第一消息相关联地存储。所存储的上下文状态可包括在框806处接收到用户输入之时电子设备的状态。在一些实施例中，电子设备的上下文状态可包括何时接收到框806处的用户输入的时间信息。在一些实施例中，电子设备的上下文状态可包括在接收到框806处的用户输入之时从电子设备的物理传感器得出的信息(例如，定义在接收到用户输入之时电子设备的位置的位置信息)。在一些实施例中，电子设备的上下文状态可包括在接收到框806处的用户输入之时存储在电子设备上的信息。该信息可与电子设备的预先确定的应用程序相关。例如，该信息可包括联系人信息、电子邮件消息、媒体文件、日历约会、搜索历史、健身数据等等。在一些实施例中，该信息可包括在接收到框806的用户输入之时哪些应用程序被安装在电子设备上和/或在电子设备上有效运行。应当理解，电子设备的上下文状态可包括在接收到框806的用户输入之时与电子设备相关联的各种其他类型的上下文信息。在图9C所示的本实施例中，电子设备的上下文状态可包括至少在接收到框806的用户输入时的时间和日期以及在接收到框806的用户输入之时电子设备的位置。可将时间、日期和位置信息与第一消息922相关联地存储在电子设备上。可响应于在框806处接收到用户输入而执行框810。
在框812处，电子设备可致使根据从用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作。可响应于在框806处接收到用户输入(或响应于在框808处显示第一消息)而自动执行框812，无需另外的人为干预。具体地讲，电子设备可致使用户意图(例如，可执行意图)基于框806的用户输入而被确定(例如，使用自然语言处理模块732)，并且致使与用户意图相对应的任务流被生成(例如，使用任务流处理模块736)。电子设备还可致使任务流被执行以执行动作。在图9D所示的本实施例中，用户意图可被确定为搜索与“巨人队”相关的最近体育得分，因此该动作可以是执行与“巨人队”相关的最近体育得分的搜索。可通过执行该动作而获得至少部分地满足所得出的用户意图的结果。因此框814处所显示的响应可基于通过执行该动作而获得的结果。
在一些实施例中，在框806处接收用户输入(或在框808处显示第一消息)可致使电子设备确定用户意图，生成任务流，并执行该动作。另选地，电子设备可将用户输入的表示传输到数字助理服务器(例如，DA服务器106)，并且致使数字助理服务器确定用户意图，生成任务流，并执行该动作。
在一些实施例中，框810的电子设备的所存储的上下文状态可用于确定用户意图，因此框814处显示的响应可基于所存储的上下文状态。例如，与第一消息922相关联地存储的位置信息可指示在接收到文本输入918之时电子设备位于旧金山。基于此位置信息，可确定该用户更有可能是指旧金山巨人队(棒球队)而不是纽约巨人队(橄榄球队)，并且该动作可包括搜索与旧金山巨人队相关的最近得分以获得结果。具体地讲，可获得指示旧金山巨人队在其最近比赛中以7比1战胜圣地亚哥教士队的搜索结果。应当理解，在其他实施例中，GUI 902中任何数量的先前消息的先前上下文状态可另外或另选地用于确定用户意图。
在框814处，可将基于框812的动作的响应显示为GUI中的第二消息。例如，如图9D所示，可在GUI 902中显示第二消息924。第二消息924可包括基于在框812处获得的搜索结果的响应。具体地讲，第二消息924可包括指示旧金山巨人队在其最近比赛中以7比1战胜圣地亚哥教士队的搜索结果。该响应可至少部分地满足由框806的用户输入所表示的用户请求。此外，该响应可以是自然语言形式。
在一些实施例中，可在不提供任何音频输出的情况下显示第二消息。例如，可在GUI 902中显示第二消息924而不输出与第二消息924中的文本响应相对应的任何口头音频。这可能是期望的，以保留与即时消息平台相关联的基于文本的交互式环境。具体地讲，在基于语音/音频的交互不可能时，诸如在有噪声的环境中、在几乎没有隐私的公共场合中或在安静场合(例如，图书馆)中，用户可能更喜欢使用即时消息平台而不是语音/音频界面来与数字助理进行交互。
第二消息924可仅包括文本。具体地讲，如图9D所示，第二消息924可较简洁，仅有有限数量的文本句子(例如，最多一个、两个或三个句子)而无任何媒体对象。此类简洁的响应有利于信息的快速交换，这是即时消息环境中的用户所期望和预期的。在一些实施例中，为了向用户提供获得更详细的响应的选项，第二消息924可被配置为根据第二消息924的用户选择来提供更详细的响应。这可允许期望的简洁格式被保留，同时响应于用户请求而提供对附加细节的方便访问。例如，如图9D所示，框814可包括显示第二消息924中的指示926(例如，“点击了解详情”)，说明选择第二消息926后可提供更详细的响应。在本实施例中，指示926可向用户告知第二消息926被配置为响应于第二消息926的用户选择而提供与巨人队相关的附加细节。
在一些实施例中，可经由电子设备900的GUI 902接收第二消息924的用户选择。在本实施例中，第二消息926的用户选择可包括经由电子设备900的GUI 902进行的触摸输入。应当认识到，在其他实施例中，用户选择可包括与第二消息相关联的任何合适的用户输入。响应于接收到第二消息924的用户选择，可获得基于用户意图的详细结果。具体地讲，接收用户选择可致使电子设备的应用程序获得满足用户意图的附加结果。该应用程序可不同于即时消息应用程序。例如，第二消息924的用户选择可致使电子设备的互联网浏览器应用程序(例如，浏览器模块247的互联网浏览器应用程序)执行基于用户意图的搜索并且获得与巨人队表现如何相关的详细结果。该详细结果可包括例如巨人队在本赛季获胜或失利的比赛总数、报道最近战胜教士队的新闻文章、巨人队的未来比赛日程等等。可在互联网浏览器应用程序的GUI中显示所获得的详细结果。
在框814处显示的第二消息是否可选择以提供更详细的响应，可以基于在框812处从用户输入得出的用户意图。例如，在框812处确定与用户输入相对应的可执行意图时，可确定可执行意图是否与知识本体中的多个预先确定的域之一相关联。在一些实施例中，所述多个预先确定的域可包括用户最有可能期望详细响应的域。具体地讲，所述多个预先确定的域可包括诸如“联系人”、“餐厅”、“电影”、“体育”或“搜索”的域。响应于确定可执行意图与多个预先确定的域之一相关联，框814处所显示的第二消息可被配置为根据第二消息的用户选择来提供更详细的响应。
在一些实施例中，可在第二消息的响应中提供超链接，以向用户提供对与用户请求相关的附加信息的访问。例如，可突出显示第二消息中的一个或多个字词(或一个或多个字符串)以指示在用户选择时可提供与突出显示的字词相关的附加信息。具体地讲，过程800可识别与实体相对应的所显示的响应中的一个或多个字词(或一个或多个字符串)。该实体可以是个人、团队、企业、位置、事件、建筑物、对象、媒体项等等。在一些实施例中，可基于在框812处得出的用户意图来识别与实体相对应的所述一个或多个字词。在本实施例中，用户意图可被确定为与域“体育”相关联，因此可识别与体育实体相对应的一个或多个字词。具体地讲，如图9D所示，可识别字词“巨人队”、“教士队”和“7比1”。过程800还可包括确定与该实体相关联的动作。在一些实施例中，该动作可包括获得与该实体相关的信息。可使用即时消息应用程序之外的电子设备应用程序执行该动作。电子设备可允许所显示的响应中所述一个或多个所识别的字词(例如，超链接)的选择。具体地讲，检测到所述一个或多个所识别的字词的用户选择可致使与该实体相关联的动作被执行。例如，响应于检测到消息924中的字词“巨人队”的用户选择，可使用互联网浏览器应用程序检索与巨人队相关的信息。例如，可指示互联网浏览器应用程序加载巨人队的主页或执行巨人队的互联网搜索。尽管在图9D中，所述一个或多个字词用下划线突出显示，但是应当认识到可实现其他突出显示的方式，诸如使用不同的字体、颜色、粗体等等。
在一些实施例中，可基于电子设备的上下文状态来识别与实体相对应的所述一个或多个字词。例如，用户意图可与联系人相关(例如，发送消息给“John White”)，并且可基于在接收到用户输入(例如，“John White”)之时存储在电子设备的联系人中的姓名或位置来识别所述一个或多个字词。响应于检测到所述一个或多个所识别的字词的用户选择，可经由例如联系人应用程序的GUI来检索和显示与所述一个或多个所识别的字词相对应的联系人。在另一个实施例中，用户意图可与航空航班相关(例如，搜索从芝加哥飞往旧金山的航班)，并且第二消息中的响应可包括航班号。基于该用户意图，与航空航班相对应的字符串可在第二消息中进行识别，并且可在第二消息中突出显示并带有超链接。响应于检测到第二消息中的航班号的用户选择，可获得并显示与航班号相关联的航班时间表和/或航班状态(例如，经由互联网浏览器应用程序的GUI)。
在一些实施例中，框814还可包括在电子设备的GUI中显示媒体对象。媒体对象可基于用户意图。具体地讲，媒体对象可至少部分地满足由框806处的用户输入所表示的用户请求。在一些实施例中，可在第二消息中显示媒体对象。在其他实施例中，可在单独的消息(例如，第三消息)中显示媒体对象。媒体对象可以是图像、音频剪辑、视频等等。在一些实施例中，媒体对象可以是电子设备的应用程序(例如，即时消息应用程序之外的应用程序)的GUI的片段。在图9E-F所示的示例性实施例中，可(例如，在框806处)接收用户输入“今日日程”。该用户输入可表示从日历应用程序今日日程表检索约会的用户请求。响应于接收到该用户输入，可将该用户输入在GUI 902中显示为消息928(例如，在框808处)。基于从用户输入得出的用户意图，可从电子设备的日历应用程序检索为今日安排的约会(例如，在框812处)。此外，可(例如，在框812处)获得描绘为今日安排的约会的日历应用程序的GUI的片段。可将解决用户请求的文本响应显示为GUI 902中的消息930(例如，在框814处)。此外，可将日历应用程序的GUI的片段显示为GUI 902中的消息932。该片段可以是用户输入中由用户所请求的信息的图形呈现。
响应于用户输入中的用户请求而显示媒体对象可能是期望的，以便呈现原本单独使用文本可能难以清楚简明地呈现的信息。在一些实施例中，是否响应于用户请求而显示媒体对象可基于从用户输入得出的用户意图。例如，在框812处确定与用户输入相对应的可执行意图时，可确定可执行意图是否与知识本体中的第二多个预先确定的域之一相关联。在一些实施例中，第二多个预先确定的域可包括可以以图形或多媒体形式更清楚简明地显示信息的域。具体地讲，第二多个预先确定的域可包括诸如“日历”、“天气”、“股市”、“地图”、“健康”等等域。响应于确定可执行意图与第二多个预先确定的域之一相关联，可在框814处显示基于用户意图的媒体对象。
所显示的媒体对象可以可选择以向用户提供与媒体对象相关联的扩展结果。具体地讲，响应于检测到媒体对象的用户选择，可获得并显示扩展结果。可通过即时消息应用程序之外的电子设备应用程序来获得并显示扩展结果。例如，图9F中的媒体对象932的用户选择可致使日历应用程序显示具有为今日安排的用户约会的日历应用程序的GUI。与框814处显示的媒体对象相比，扩展结果可更大并且包含更多信息。
如上所述，与GUI 902中的先前消息相关联的电子设备的先前上下文状态可用于促进用户与数字助理之间的当前交互式会话。图9G-H示出了一个实施例，其中电子设备的先前上下文状态可用于满足由框806的用户输入所表示的用户请求。在该实施例中，在先前消息910发送到数字助理之时，用户可能已行驶在圣荷西市的陌生地段。此外，用户在发送先前消息910时可能已注意到圣荷西市的该陌生地段有一家有趣的墨西哥餐厅。用户可利用与先前消息910相关联的电子设备的先前上下文状态，以便稍后查找这家墨西哥餐厅。在本实施例中，可接收到用户输入“为我显示这附近的墨西哥餐厅”(例如，在框806处)，并且响应于该用户输入，可将该用户输入显示为GUI 902中的消息934(例如，在框808处)。响应于检测到先前消息910的用户选择(例如，在框804处)，可检索与先前消息910相关联的电子设备的先前上下文状态。具体地讲，与先前消息910相关联的电子设备的先前上下文状态可包括与圣荷西市的该陌生位置相对应的位置信息。电子设备可致使根据从用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作(例如，在框812处)。响应于检测到先前消息910的用户选择，可基于与先前消息910相关联的电子设备的所检索先前上下文状态得出用户意图。具体地讲，基于先前消息910的用户选择可以确定“这附近”是指在发送先前消息910之时电子设备的位置(例如，圣荷西市的该陌生地段)。在该实施例中，所执行的动作可以是搜索在发送先前消息910之时电子设备的位置附近的墨西哥餐厅。因此从该搜索获得的结果基于与先前消息910相关联的电子设备的先前上下文状态。如图9H所示，可将基于所获得的搜索结果的响应显示为消息936。具体地讲，可响应于消息936的用户选择而(例如，在电子设备的单独应用程序中)显示圣荷西市的该陌生地段附近的墨西哥餐厅列表。
在一些实施例中，在框806处接收的用户输入可包括模糊术语。例如，在图9I所示的消息938的用户输入中，用户输入“谁是John？”可包括模糊术语“John”，它可具有两种或更多种解释。具体地讲，基于在接收到消息938的用户输入之时电子设备的上下文状态，可以确定电子设备上存储有与姓名“John”相对应的三个联系人(例如，John White、JohnSmith和John Woo)。在这些实施例中，消息940的所显示的响应(例如，在框814处)可包括对与模糊术语相关的附加信息的请求。例如，如图9I所示，对附加信息的请求可包括对模糊术语“John”的可能解释的列表(例如，“John White”、“John Smith”和“John Woo”)。
用户输入界面910可用于促进对与模糊术语相关的附加信息的请求的用户响应。具体地讲，用户输入界面910可包括自动完成界面907。自动完成界面907可被配置为显示作为未来用户输入的预测的所建议的字词或字符串。所建议的字词或字符串可基于用户已经输入并且在文本字段906中显示的一个或多个字符。除此之外或另选地，所建议的字词或字符串可基于来自数字助理的所显示的响应。如图9J所示，可在自动完成界面907中显示两个或更多个所建议的字符串(例如，“John White”、“John Smith”和“John Woo”)。所述两个或更多个所建议的字符串中的每一个可响应于对附加信息的请求。具体地讲，所述两个或更多个所建议的字符串可包括模糊术语的可能解释的列表(例如，“John White”、“JohnSmith”和“John Woo”)。
可接收到指示可能解释的列表之一的选择的用户输入。在一些实施例中，用户输入可以是所述两个或更多个所建议的字符串中的所建议的字符串的用户选择。例如，可检测到自动完成界面907中所建议的字符串“John White”942的用户选择，并且作为响应，可将所建议的字符串“John White”显示为GUI 902中的消息944。应当理解，作为自动完成界面907的替代，可经由文本输入来提供对与模糊术语相关的附加信息的请求的响应。例如，可经由用户输入界面910的键盘接收文本输入“John White”以选择模糊术语“John”的预期解释。此外，如图9I和图9J所示，可对模糊术语的可能解释的列表进行编号，因此在一些实施例中，可接收与预期解释的编号相对应的文本输入。具体地讲，可接收文本输入“3”以指示“John White”作为模糊术语“John”的预期解释的选择。
电子设备可致使基于从用户输入“谁是John？”以及“John White”作为模糊术语“John”的预期解释的用户选择得出的用户意图来执行动作。如图9K所示，可将基于所执行的动作的响应显示为消息946。具体地讲，该响应可基于所选择的解释“John White”。在本实施例中，可响应于消息946的用户选择而显示“John White”的联系人信息(例如，使用电子设备1400的联系人应用程序)。
虽然在上述实施例中，自动完成界面907用于响应于数字助理的消除歧义请求，但是应当认识到自动完成界面907还可用于响应于消除歧义请求之外的数字助理请求。例如，响应于对电影院的电影放映时间的用户请求，数字助理可提供放映时间选项，然后询问用户是否想要购票。在该实施例中，在框814处所显示的响应可以是“这是一些今天可用的放映时间：下午730、下午1045、上午1200。您想要购票吗？”为了促进对数字助理的问题的用户响应，电子设备可在自动完成界面907中显示所建议的字符串“是”和“否”以供用户选择。响应于所建议的字符串“是”的用户选择，可将所建议的字符串“是”显示为GUI中的消息。此外，可显示基于所建议的字符串“是”的响应。例如，该响应可以是向用户询问他或她想要预留哪个放映时间的后续请求。另选地，该响应可以是消息，该消息在被选择时，致使在电子设备的互联网浏览器应用程序的GUI上显示电影预订网站。
在一些实施例中，可经由即时消息平台上的数字助理呈现来自电子设备的各种应用程序的通知。可从即时消息应用程序之外的电子设备应用程序接收这些通知。在图9L所示的本实施例中，通知可以是来自日历应用程序的对于牙医预约的日历警报。该日历警报可基于在接收到该通知之前接收到的用户输入。例如，用户输入可以是用于在日历应用程序中创建牙医预约的日历条目的输入。响应于接收到该通知，可将该通知显示为GUI中的消息。例如，如图9L所示，可将牙医预约的通知显示为GUI 902中的消息948。经由消息应用程序上的数字助理传送来自其他应用程序的通知可允许用户依赖于单个应用程序作为所有通信的中心平台。这可能是期望的，以简化用户交互并改善用户体验。具体地讲，通过即时消息平台接收通知可允许所有通知在单个位置中存储和组织以方便引用。此外，数字助理随时可用于执行与该通知相关的任何任务。例如，在接收到向用户通知牙医预约的消息948时，用户可方便地请求数字助理向牙医发送指示用户会迟到5分钟的消息。因为该通知与上下文信息(诸如牙医的联系人信息)相关联，因此可易于向牙医发送消息，而无需用户花费额外的时间使用一个应用程序查找牙医的联系人信息，然后切换到单独的应用程序撰写所需的消息。通知的其他实施例可包括来自任务提醒应用程序的对任务的提醒通知、来自股票应用程序的股票价格警报、来自健身应用程序的与达到健身目标相关的健身通知等等。
如上所述，GUI 902中的每个消息可与电子设备的上下文状态相关联。因此消息历史可用作电子设备的上下文历史。在一些实施例中，可能希望用户对与重要的上下文状态相关联的某些消息添加书签。例如，先前消息910可与用户可能有兴趣在将来引用的位置相关联。在这些实施例中，可接收到与先前消息910相关联的用户输入。用户输入可以是经由GUI 902接收的预定义的用户输入以对先前消息910添加书签。响应于接收到用户输入，可将先前消息910的书签与示能表示相关联地存储。可例如在GUI 902的滚动条(未示出)上显示该示能表示。滚动条上的该示能表示的位置可对应于所述多个先前消息之中的先前消息910的位置。用户选择该示能表示可致使GUI 902的焦点改变为先前消息910。
在一些实施例中，GUI 902中的会话历史可与第二电子设备的即时消息应用程序的对应GUI同步。例如，图10A-C示出了显示GUI 1002的电子设备1000。GUI 1002可以是第二电子设备1000的即时消息应用程序的GUI。第二电子设备1002可与电子设备900分开且不同。第二电子设备1000可实现数字助理，并且用户可经由GUI 1002与第二电子设备1000的数字助理交互。如图10A所示，GUI 1002可包括与多个先前消息903相同的多个先前消息1003。具体地讲，多个先前消息1003包括用户与电子设备900上实现的数字助理之间在电子设备900处的消息交换。电子设备900可致使基于多个先前消息903在GUI 1002中显示多个先前消息1003。此外，如图10B所示，响应于在框808处将用户输入显示为电子设备900的GUI902中的第一消息922，电子设备900可致使相同的第一消息显示为第二电子设备1000的GUI1002中的消息1022。类似地，响应于在框814处将响应显示为电子设备900的GUI 902中的第二消息924，电子设备800可致使相同的第二消息显示为第二电子设备1000的GUI 1002中的消息1024。因此，当用户切换到电子设备1000时，用户可以访问用户与数字助理之间在电子设备900处的消息历史。
多个先前消息1003中的每一者可与对应于多个先前消息903中的相应一者的电子设备900的先前上下文状态相关联。类似地，消息1022可与和消息922相同的电子设备900的上下文状态相关联。这些上下文状态(和先前上下文状态)可存储在电子设备1000上。在一些实施例中，与电子设备处生成的消息相关联的上下文状态可用于处理寻址到第二电子设备的数字助理的用户请求。例如，可检测到GUI 1002中的消息1022的用户选择。响应于检测到消息1022的用户选择，可检索与消息1022相关联的电子设备900的上下文状态。在本实施例中，与消息1022相关联的上下文状态可包括在生成消息922之时电子设备900的位置信息。具体地讲，位置信息可指示在生成消息922之时电子设备900位于旧金山。参考图10C，可在第二电子设备1000处接收用户输入。该用户输入可类似于在框806处接收的用户输入。具体地讲，可经由与用户输入界面910类似的GUI 1002的用户输入界面(未示出)来接收用户输入。在该实施例中，用户输入可以是文本“为我查找这附近的公园。”响应于接收到该用户输入，可将该用户输入显示为第二电子设备1000的GUI 1002中的消息1034。第二电子设备1000可致使根据用户意图来执行动作。致使动作被执行可类似于上述的框812。可从用户输入“为我查找这附近的公园”以及从在生成消息922之时电子设备900的上下文状态得出用户意图。如上所述，上下文状态可包括与旧金山市相关联的位置信息。基于电子设备900的该上下文状态，可以确定用户意图是搜索旧金山的公园，因此所执行的动作是搜索旧金山的公园。可在第二电子设备1000的GUI 1002中显示作为消息1036的响应。显示该响应可类似于上述的框814。该响应可基于所执行的动作。具体地讲，在本实施例中，消息1036中的响应可提供对通过执行搜索旧金山的公园而获得的结果的访问。
下面同时参考图11A-D和图12A-H对过程1100进行描述。在框1102处，可在电子设备的显示器上显示具有用户与数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)。例如，如图12A所示，可显示电子设备1200的GUI 1202。GUI 1202可以是电子设备1200的即时消息应用程序的GUI。GUI 1202包括电子设备1200的用户与电子设备1200上实现的数字助理之间的多个先前消息1203。在会话视图中呈现多个先前消息1203。电子设备1200可类似于设备104、200、400、600或900中的一者或多者。框1102可与过程800的框802类似或相同。
在框1104处，可接收包括媒体对象的第一用户输入。媒体对象可以是图像、视频剪辑、音频剪辑等等。在一些实施例中，可经由GUI 1202的用户输入界面接收媒体对象。用户输入界面可类似于用户输入界面910。例如，可使用与上述图像/视频按钮904和音频按钮908类似的按钮接收媒体对象。可从电子设备1200的存储器检索媒体对象。另选地，可基于经由电子设备1200的麦克风或相机接收的输入来生成媒体对象。在图12B所示的本实施例中，用户输入的媒体对象可以是名片的图像。
在框1106处，可将媒体对象显示为GUI中的第一消息。例如，如图12B所示，可将媒体对象显示为GUI 1202中的第一消息1204。在本实施例中，第一消息1204中的名片的图像可描绘个体(例如，“Joe Black”)的联系人信息。应当认识到在其他实施例中，该图像可描绘任何实体(例如个人、组织、企业等)的联系人信息。可通过用户经由电子设备1200的相机来捕获图像。可响应于在框1104处接收到第一用户输入而执行框1106。
在框1108处，可将对与媒体对象相关的附加信息的请求显示为第二消息。例如，如图12C所示，可在GUI 1202中显示第二消息1206。在该实施例中，第二消息1206包括请求“我要做些什么？”应当认识到在其他实施例中，第二消息可包括与媒体对象相关的不同请求。具体地讲，第二消息可包括澄清用户对于媒体对象的意图的请求。因此该请求可提示用户更完整地定义用户对于提供媒体对象的意图。可响应于框1104的媒体对象而由数字助理生成并显示第二消息。可在框1106处将媒体对象显示为第一消息之后且在框1110处接收到第二用户输入之前执行框1108。在一些实施例中，框1108可以是可选的。
在框1110处，可接收包括文本的第二用户输入。在一些实施例中，可经由GUI 1202的键盘(例如，键盘911)来接收第二用户输入的文本。在一些实施例中，该文本可响应于第二消息中的框1108的请求。在一些实施例中，该文本可表示对使用媒体对象执行任务的请求。在其他实施例中，该文本可表示对获得与媒体对象相关的信息的请求。在图12D所示的本实施例中，该文本可以是“添加至联系人”。
在框1112处，可将框1110的文本显示为GUI中的第三消息。例如，如图12D所示，可将文本“添加至联系人”显示为GUI 1202中的第三消息1208。可响应于在框1110处接收到第二用户输入而执行框1112。在本实施例中可以明显看出，框1104的媒体对象和框1110的文本均不足以单独表示用户请求。具体地讲，两者都不包含足以推断用户意图的信息。然而，框1104的媒体对象与框1110的文本的组合可表示对数字助理的用户请求。
在框1114处，电子设备可致使与框1104的第一用户输入和框1110的第二用户输入相对应的用户意图(例如，可执行意图)被确定。框1114可包括致使知识本体(例如，知识本体760)中多个域之中的域基于第一用户输入和第二用户输入而被确定。可使用自然语言过程(例如，采用自然语言处理模块732)基于第一用户输入和第二用户输入来确定用户意图。在一些实施例中，可在电子设备处确定用户意图。另选地，电子设备可将框1104的媒体对象和框1110的文本传输到远程服务器(例如，DA服务器106)，在该远程服务器处基于框1104的媒体对象和框1110的文本来确定用户意图。在本实施例中，可以确定“联系人”域对应于第一用户输入和第二用户输入。此外，可以确定用户意图包括在电子设备的联系人应用程序中基于媒体对象来创建并存储新的联系人条目。
在框1116处，可获得用户意图是否需要从媒体对象提取文本的确定。在一些实施例中，该确定可基于在框1114处确定的用户意图。具体地讲，某些域可预先确定为需要从媒体对象提取文本。例如，包括联系人、日历、提醒和翻译在内的域可预先确定为需要从媒体对象提取文本。响应于获得用户意图需要从媒体对象提取文本的确定，可执行框1118。
在框1118处，可提取来自媒体对象的文本。可实现各种技术以从媒体对象提取文本。在媒体对象是图像的实施例中，可对图像执行光学字符识别以从图像提取文本。在媒体对象是音频剪辑或视频剪辑的实施例中，可对媒体对象执行语音转文本识别(例如，使用STT处理模块730)以提取文本。此外，在元数据嵌入媒体对象的实施例中，可对媒体对象进行处理以从元数据提取文本。在本实施例中，可对消息1204的媒体对象执行光学字符识别以提取名片的图像中所描绘的文本。因此所提取的文本可包括联系人信息。
在框1120处，可使用所提取的文本执行根据用户意图的任务。具体地讲，可确定与框1114的用户意图相对应的任务流。因此框1120可包括执行任务流的任务以至少部分地满足框1114的用户意图。在本实施例中，所执行的任务可包括确定与所提取的文本的一个或多个字符串相对应的联系人字段。例如，所提取的文本的字符串“Joe”、“Black”、“joeblack@email.com”和“555.123.4567”可被确定为分别对应于名联系人字段、姓联系人字段、电子邮件联系人字段以及电话号码联系人字段。此外，框1120可包括根据用户意图将所提取的文本填充到电子设备的应用程序的文本字段中。具体地讲，在本实施例中，可在联系人应用程序中创建新的联系人条目。联系人条目可与个体“Joe Black”相关联。此外，可将所提取的文本的字符串“Joe”、“Black”、“joeblack@email.com”和“555.123.4567”分别填充到新的联系人条目的名字段、姓字段、电子邮件字段以及电话号码字段中。在其他实施例中，可以确定联系人应用程序中的现有联系人与所提取的文本(例如，相同的姓名、电子邮件、电话号码等等)相关联。在这些实施例中，可编辑现有联系人，并且可将基于所提取的文本的附加信息填充到现有联系人的一个或多个文本字段中。可响应于接收到框1104的第一用户输入以及框1110处的第二用户输入而自动执行框1120，无需另外的用户干预。
在框1122处，可将指示用户意图被满足的响应显示为GUI中的第四消息。例如，如图12E所示，将响应“Joe Black已被添加至您的联系人”显示为第四消息1209。该响应可确认由第一用户输入和第二用户输入表示的用户请求已被执行。此外，在该实施例中，姓名“Joe Black”可突出显示(例如，加下划线)以向用户指示消息1209中的字词“Joe Black”可选择。具体地讲，消息1209可被配置为使得字词“Joe Black”的用户选择可使新创建/编辑的Joe Black联系人条目在电子设备的联系人应用程序中显示。
在一些实施例中，框1122的响应可包括用户所请求的信息。例如，框1120的任务可包括根据用户意图来检索信息，并且可在第四消息的响应中显示所检索的信息。在一些实施例中，该响应可包括来自数字助理的对附加信息的请求。例如，该响应可包括对澄清用户意图的信息的请求。具体地讲，该请求可以是对消除第二用户输入的文本中的模糊术语的歧义的请求。在一些实施例中，该响应可在执行框1120的任务之前请求来自用户的确认。
虽然上文针对使用描绘联系人信息的图像在电子设备的联系人应用程序中创建新的联系人条目解释了过程1100的框1102-1122，但是应当认识到框1102-1122可包括各种其他具体实施。例如，可基于框1104的第一用户输入和框1110的第二用户输入来创建电子设备的日历应用程序中的日历条目。在这些实施例中，第一用户输入(例如，框1104)的媒体对象可包括关于事件(例如，歌剧、音乐会、节日、检查等)的信息。例如，媒体对象可以是通告事件的小册子的图片。该图片可使用电子设备来捕获，并且可以以文本形式描绘事件信息。事件信息可包括例如事件的日期、时间、地点和标题。第二用户输入(例如，框1110)的文本可包括对使用媒体对象创建日历事件的请求。例如，第二用户输入的文本可以是“添加至日历”。基于文本和媒体对象，可在框1114处将用户意图确定为包括使用媒体对象在电子设备的日历应用程序中创建日历条目。在媒体对象是图像的实施例中，可使用光学字符识别来提取图像中所描绘的文本。可对所提取的文本进行处理以识别与文本日历字段相关联的一个或多个字符串(例如，开始时间、结束时间、标题、位置、事件描述等)。根据用户意图在框1120处执行的任务可包括创建新的日历条目并且使用所提取的文本填充日历条目的一个或多个文本字段。
在一些实施例中，可基于框1104的第一用户输入和框1110的第二用户输入来创建电子设备的提醒应用程序中的提醒事件。在这些实施例中，第一用户输入的媒体对象可包括有关提醒任务的信息。例如，媒体对象可以是指示西瓜每磅29美分削价出售的杂货店广告的图片。可使用电子设备拍摄该图片。第二用户输入的文本可包括对使用媒体对象创建任务提醒的请求。例如，第二用户输入的文本可以是“创建提醒”或“添加至购物清单”。基于媒体对象和文本，可在框1114处将用户意图确定为包括使用媒体对象在电子设备的提醒应用程序中创建提醒条目。在媒体对象是图像的实施例中，可使用光学字符识别来提取图像中所描绘的文本。可对所提取的文本进行处理以识别与相应文本提醒字段相关联的一个或多个字符串(例如，任务标题、任务描述、任务类别、提醒触发标准等)。例如，从杂货店广告提取的文本可包括字符串“整个无籽西瓜29美分/磅”，该字符串被确定为与文本提醒字段“任务标题”或“任务描述”相关联。此外，可以基于字词“西瓜”确定任务与“购物清单”的预定义任务类别相关联，该预定义任务类别可与位于杂货店的预先确定距离内的提醒触发标准相关联。根据用户意图在框1120处执行的任务可包括创建新的任务提醒并且使用所提取的文本填充提醒条目的一个或多个文本字段。例如，新的任务提醒可用于在杂货店购买西瓜，其中当电子设备在杂货店的预先确定距离内时提供提醒。
在一些实施例中，可基于框1104的第一用户输入和框1110的第二用户输入来翻译从媒体对象提取的文本。在这些实施例中，媒体对象可包含文本或语音形式的第一语言。例如，媒体对象可以是描绘法语文本“arrêt”的交通标志的图片。第二用户输入的文本可包括对将媒体对象翻译为第二语言的请求。例如，第二用户输入的文本可以是“翻译为英语”。基于媒体对象和文本，可在框1114处将用户意图确定为包括将媒体对象中的第一语言翻译为第二语言。在媒体对象是图像的实施例中，可使用光学字符识别来提取图像中所描绘的文本。在文本提取期间，可确定文本的语言。例如，在本实施例中可以确定所提取的文本是法语。根据用户意图在框1120处执行的任务可包括获得与第一语言的文本相对应的第二语言的文本。例如，可将所提取的法语文本“arrêt”翻译为对应的英语文本“停止”。可在电子设备上执行该翻译，或可将该法语文本传输到单独的设备执行该翻译。框1122的所显示的响应可包括第二语言的文本。例如，所显示的响应可以是“它的意思是‘停止’”。
尽管在上述实施例中，媒体对象是图像，但是应当认识到在其他实施例中，媒体对象可以是音频/视频剪辑。具体地讲，音频/视频文件可包括话语。在这些实施例中，在框1118处从媒体对象提取文本可包括对媒体对象执行语音转文本识别以提取话语的文本表示。此外，应当认识到，上文所述的创建联系人条目、日历条目、提醒条目或执行翻译的实施例可类似地使用音频/视频剪辑代替图像来执行。
再次参考框1116，响应于获得用户意图不需要从媒体对象提取文本的确定，可执行图11C所示的框1124。在框1124处，可获得有关用户意图是否需要对媒体对象执行图像识别的确定。在一些实施例中，该确定可基于在框1114处确定的用户意图以及在框1104处接收到的媒体对象的类型。例如，如果域被确定为“搜索”域并且媒体对象被确定为图像，则可以确定用户意图需要对媒体对象执行图像识别。
在图12F所示的实施例中，消息1210中所显示的媒体对象(例如，在框1106处)可以是零售对象的图像。在本实施例中，零售对象是特定汽车(例如，2015款大众甲壳虫)。消息1212中所显示的第二用户输入的文本(例如，在框1112处)可以是对搜索媒体对象中所描绘的汽车的价格的请求(例如，“这辆车多少钱？”)。基于图像和文本，可在框1114处确定用户意图包括对图像执行图像识别以识别零售对象，然后执行所识别的零售对象的价格搜索。在该实施例中，可在框1124处获得用户意图需要对媒体对象执行图像识别的确定。响应于获得用户意图需要对媒体对象执行图像识别的确定，可执行框1126。
在框1126处，电子设备可致使对媒体对象执行图像识别。在一些实施例中，可将媒体对象传输到单独的服务器以执行图像识别。在其他实施例中，可在电子设备上执行图像识别的至少一部分。图像识别可包括从媒体对象提取一组代表性图像特征，然后将该组代表性图像特征与存储在数据库中的多组参考特征进行比较以确定最佳匹配。每组参考特征可与参考信息相关联。参考信息可包括识别与相应组参考特征相对应的参考图像的信息。图像识别结果可基于最佳匹配组参考特征的参考信息。例如，可发现消息1210中的媒体对象的该组代表性图像特征与对应于2015款大众甲壳虫参考图像的一组参考特征最佳匹配。具体地讲，图像识别结果可包括基于与最佳匹配组参考特征相关联的参考消息的字符串“2015款”、“大众”和“甲壳虫”。
在框1128处，可基于图像识别来获得与媒体对象相关联的信息。具体地讲，可根据框1114的用户意图并使用框1126的图像识别结果来获得信息。在本实施例中，基于搜索媒体对象中所描绘的零售对象的价格的用户意图，可执行使用图像识别结果“2015款大众甲壳虫”的价格搜索。所获得的信息可包括零售对象的价格信息。例如，所获得的信息可包括2015款大众甲壳虫的制造商建议零售价格(MSRP)。在其他实施例中，所获得的信息可包括图像识别结果。
在框1130处，指示用户意图被满足的响应可显示为GUI中的第五消息。该响应可基于与媒体对象相关联的信息。框1130可类似于框1122。在图12F所示的本实施例中，该响应可被显示为消息1213并且可包括2015款大众甲壳虫的MSRP信息以满足用户意图。
虽然上文针对搜索媒体对象中所描绘的零售对象的价格信息解释了过程1100的框1124-1130，但是应当认识到框1124-1130可包括各种其他具体实施。例如，可使用框1124-1130获得与媒体对象相关联的位置或实体信息。例如，框1104的媒体对象可以是描绘位置的特征的图像(例如，地图、地标、旗帜等)。另选地，媒体对象可以是描绘实体的特征的图像(例如，个人、生物、东西、建筑物、企业等)。在这些实施例中，框1110处的文本可表示对确认位置或实体的信息的请求。例如，该文本可以是“这是什么地方？”“这是什么昆虫？”或“哪家公司使用该徽标？”基于媒体对象和文本，可在框1114处将用户意图确定为包括对媒体对象执行图像识别以获得识别结果，并且获得媒体对象中所表示的位置或实体的类别。基于在框1126处执行的图像识别，可在框1128处获得与媒体对象相关联的信息。在这些实施例中，所获得的信息可包括媒体对象中所表示的位置或实体的类别。此外，在框1130处所显示的第五消息可包括媒体对象中所表示的位置或实体的类别(例如，“这是国家阿尔及利亚”、“这是金门大桥”、“这是蠼螋”等)。
再次参考框1124，响应于获得用户意图不需要对媒体对象执行图像识别的确定，可执行图11D的框1132。在框1132处，可获得有关用户意图是否需要对媒体对象执行音频处理的确定。在一些实施例中，该确定可基于在框1114处确定的用户意图以及在框1104处接收到的媒体对象的类型。例如，如果域被确定为“搜索”域或“音乐”域并且媒体对象被确定为音频文件，则可以确定用户意图需要对媒体对象执行图像识别。响应于获得用户意图需要对媒体对象执行音频处理的确定，可执行框1134。
在图12G所示的实施例中，消息1214中所显示的媒体对象(例如，在框1106处)可以是媒体项(例如，歌曲、电影、原声带等)的音频剪辑。在本实施例中，音频剪辑可以是美国国歌的演唱部分。消息1216中所显示的第二用户输入的文本(例如，在框1112处)可以是对执行基于与音频剪辑相对应的歌曲的搜索的请求(例如，“这首歌曲叫什么？”、“这首歌曲的演唱者是谁？”、“何时发布了这首歌曲？”等)。基于音频剪辑和文本，可在框1114处确定用户意图包括对媒体项执行音频识别以识别音频剪辑中的歌曲。在该实施例中，可在框1132处获得用户意图需要对媒体对象执行音频处理(例如，音频识别)的确定。响应于获得用户意图需要对媒体对象执行音频处理的确定，可执行框1134。
在框1134处，电子设备可致使对媒体对象执行音频处理。在一些实施例中，音频处理可包括音频识别(例如，扬声器识别、音乐识别、声音识别等)。在一些实施例中，可将媒体对象传输到单独的服务器以执行音频识别。在其他实施例中，可在电子设备上执行音频识别的至少一部分。音频识别可包括从媒体对象提取声纹。然后可将该声纹与数据库中的多个参考声纹进行比较以获得最佳匹配的参考声纹。每个参考声纹可与参考信息相关联。音频识别结果可基于最佳匹配参考声纹的参考信息。在本实施例中，最佳匹配的参考声纹可与美国国歌相关联。因此音频识别结果可包括识别媒体对象的参考信息。例如，参考信息可包括“星条旗”或“美国国歌”。
在框1136处，可基于框1134的音频处理来获得与媒体对象相关联的信息。在本实施例中，所获得的信息可包括音频识别结果(例如，美国国歌)。在其他实施例中，可获得与音频识别结果相关的信息。例如，可使用识别框1134的媒体对象的文本信息来执行搜索以获得满足用户意图的附加信息。具体地讲，可获得关于所识别的歌曲的附加信息，诸如演唱者、作曲者、发布日期、专辑名称、专辑价格等等。
在框1138处，可将基于与媒体对象相关联的信息的响应显示为GUI中的第六消息。该响应可指示用户意图被满足。框1138可类似于框1122。在图12G所示的本实施例中，该响应可被显示为消息1218并且可将媒体对象中的歌曲识别为“美国国歌”。在一些实施例中，第六消息(例如，消息1218)可被配置为可由用户选择，使得响应于检测到第六消息的用户选择，电子设备可致使与媒体对象相关的附加信息(例如，零售信息)被显示。具体地讲，响应于检测到第六消息的用户选择，可致使电子设备的音乐搜索应用程序(例如，iTunes应用程序)搜索与所识别的媒体对象相对应的媒体项(例如，歌曲、专辑、电影、游戏等)并且显示这些媒体项以供用户浏览或购买。
应当认识到在一些实施例中，框1134的音频处理可包括语音转文本识别。例如，可对媒体对象中的语音执行语音转文本识别以获得对应于语音的文本。在一些实施例中，在框1136处获得的信息可基于与媒体对象中的语音相对应的文本。例如，可根据框1114的用户意图使用与媒体对象中的语音相对应的文本中的一个或多个字词来执行搜索。在其他实施例中，用户可能希望存储媒体对象中的语音的转录以供将来引用。在这些实施例中，与媒体对象中的语音相对应的文本可根据用户意图与电子设备的应用程序(例如，文件管理器应用程序或文字处理应用程序)相关联地存储。
再次参考框1132，响应于获得用户意图不需要对媒体对象执行音频处理的确定，可执行框1140。在框1140处，电子设备可致使根据框1114的用户意图来执行动作。在框1142处，可将基于在框1140处执行的动作的响应显示为GUI中的第七消息。
在一些实施例中，可实现过程1100以识别并存储相关信息以供将来检索。在这些实施例中，框1110的文本可定义与框1104的媒体对象相关的属性。该属性可能未在媒体对象中明确指示。例如，媒体对象可表示实体，并且由框1110的文本定义的属性可以是实体的特征。在一些实施例中，由框1110的文本定义的属性可描述用户与媒体对象的内容之间的关系。例如，如图12H所示，框1106的媒体对象可以是一瓶葡萄酒的图片(例如，显示为消息1220)，并且框1110的文本(例如，显示为消息1222)可定义用户对这款葡萄酒的意见或偏好(例如，“我喜欢这款葡萄酒”或“这款葡萄酒拥有香料的鲜明香味，并带有一丝树莓果和柠檬皮的味道”)。在另一个实施例中，媒体对象可以是用户停放他或她的车的停车位编号的照片，并且框1110的文本可指示用户把车停放在与媒体对象的内容相关联的位置处(例如，“我把车停放在这里。”)。在上文所述的实施例中，可以确定用户意图是存储将所定义的属性与媒体对象相关联的数据以供将来检索。基于该用户意图，可在框1132处确定用户意图不需要对媒体对象执行音频处理。响应于获得用户意图不需要对媒体对象执行音频处理的确定，电子设备可致使在框1140处根据框1114的用户意图来执行动作。
在这些实施例中，框1104的动作可包括存储将框1110的文本中定义的属性与框1140的媒体对象相关联的数据。具体地讲，该数据可指示该属性是媒体对象的特征。例如，在图12H所示的实施例中，消息1220中的葡萄酒瓶的图片可与指示该图片是一瓶葡萄酒的图片的第一属性以及指示用户喜欢该图片中所描绘的葡萄酒的第二属性相结合地存储(例如，在电子设备上或在远程设备上)。
在一些实施例中，数据和/或媒体对象可与电子设备的应用程序相关联地存储。例如，框1104的媒体对象可以是一个人的图片，并且框1110的文本可定义该人的姓名(例如，“这是John Woo”)。在该实施例中，该人的图片可与电子设备的联系人应用程序相关联地存储。如果现有的联系人条目与所定义的姓名相关联，则该图片可自动填充到现有的联系人条目中。如果现有的联系人条目不与所定义的姓名相关联，则可创建新的联系人条目。然后该图片和所定义的姓名可自动填充到新的联系人条目中。因此该联系人条目将所定义的姓名与该图片相关联。
在图12H所示的本实施例中，框1142的响应可被显示为消息1224并且可确认所定义的属性与媒体对象相关联地存储。将媒体项与用户所定义的属性相关联地存储可能是期望的，以帮助用户存储并组织被视为与用户相关的信息。例如，用户可在将来要求数字助理推荐一款优质葡萄酒。数字助理随后可返回参考基于与媒体对象相关联的“葡萄酒”和“喜欢”的所存储属性的消息1224的媒体对象，并且将该媒体对象显示为葡萄酒推荐。
下面同时参考图13A-C和图14A-I对过程1300进行描述。在框1302处，可在电子设备的显示器上显示具有电子设备的用户与远程设备的用户之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)。例如，如图14A所示，可显示电子设备1400的GUI 1402。GUI 1402可以是电子设备1400的即时消息应用程序的GUI。如图所示，GUI 1402可包括电子设备1400的用户与远程设备(未示出)的用户之间的多个先前消息1403。例如，可通过经由电子设备1400的GUI1404的用户输入生成先前消息1404，并且使该先前消息寻址到远程设备的用户。可响应于先前消息1404而从远程设备发送先前消息1406，并且使先前消息1406寻址到电子设备1400的用户。在会话视图中呈现多个先前消息1403。电子设备1400可类似于设备104、200、400、600、900或1100中的一者或多者。电子设备1400和远程设备可以是不同设备。框1302可类似于过程800的框802，不同之处在于所述多个先前消息是在不同设备的两个用户之间，而不是在电子设备的用户与电子设备上所实现的数字助理之间。具体地讲，与框802的多个先前消息903类似，框1302的多个先前消息1403可各自与在生成相应先前消息之时电子设备1400的先前上下文状态相关联。
在框1304处，可接收寻址到数字助理的第一用户输入。第一用户输入可类似于框806的用户输入。具体地讲，可从电子设备的用户接收第一用户输入。第一用户输入可表示用户请求并且可包括文本输入和/或媒体对象。可经由电子设备1400的用户输入界面(例如，用户输入界面910)接收第一用户输入。第一用户输入的文本输入可以是自然语言形式。此外，在一些实施例中，第一用户输入可包括与电子设备1400的数字助理相关联的预先确定的触发短语。预先确定的触发短语可指示第一用户输入寻址到数字助理。在图14B所示的本实施例中，第一用户输入包括文本“嗨，Siri，附近有中国餐厅吗？”在该实施例中，预先确定的触发短语可以是“嗨，Siri”。
在框1306处，可将第一用户输入显示为GUI中的第一消息。例如，参考图14B，可将第一用户输入显示为GUI 1402中的第一消息1408。可响应于在框1304处接收到第一用户输入而执行框1306。在一些实施例中，第一用户输入和第一消息1408可与电子设备1400的上下文状态相关联。该上下文状态可类似于框810的上下文状态，并且可包括在接收到第一用户输入之时或在生成第一消息1408之时电子设备的状态。在一些实施例中，可响应于在框1304处接收到第一用户输入而将该上下文状态与第一消息1408相关联地存储。
在框1308处，可确定第一用户输入是否包括预先确定的触发短语以调用数字助理。在一些实施例中，可由电子设备1400作出该确定。在其他实施例中，可从远程服务器(例如，DA服务器106)获得该确定。框1308可包括解析第一消息1408的第一用户输入以识别与预先确定的触发短语相对应的任何字词或字词序列。响应于确定第一用户输入包括预先确定的触发短语，可调用数字助理并且可由数字助理处理第一消息1408。具体地讲，可响应于确定第一用户输入包括预先确定的触发短语而执行框1310。响应于确定第一用户输入不包括预先确定的触发短语，不调用数字助理并且电子设备不采取进一步的动作。
应当认识到在一些实施例中，在没有第一用户输入中的预先确定的触发短语的情况下仍可调用数字助理。在这些实施例中，可由数字助理连续处理GUI 1402的消息，以确定来自用户的消息是否旨在寻址到数字助理或是否可由数字助理采取与消息相关联的任何动作来帮助用户。具体地讲，可对第一用户输入执行自然语言处理以尝试确定可执行意图。如果可由第一用户输入确定可执行意图，则可执行框1310。如果不能由第一用户输入确定可执行意图，则数字助理不会采取动作。在本实施例中，可由第一消息1408确定搜索中国餐厅的可执行意图，因此可执行框1310。
在框1310处，电子设备可致使根据从第一用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作。框1310可包括致使用户意图(例如，可执行意图)基于框1304的第一用户输入而被确定(例如，使用自然语言处理模块732)，并且致使与用户意图相对应的任务流被生成(例如，使用任务流处理模块736)。框1310还可包括致使任务流被执行以根据用户输入来执行动作。在一些实施例中，执行该动作可至少部分地满足所得出的用户意图。具体地讲，可通过执行该动作而获得至少部分地满足所得出的用户意图的结果。
在一些实施例中，在框1304处接收用户输入(或在框1306处显示第一消息)可致使电子设备确定用户意图，生成任务流，并执行该动作。另选地，电子设备可将第一用户输入的表示传输到数字助理服务器(例如，DA服务器106)，并且致使数字助理服务器确定用户意图，生成任务流，并执行该动作。
在一些实施例中，与第一消息1408相关联的电子设备的上下文状态可用于确定用户意图，因此框1312处显示的响应可基于所存储的上下文状态。例如，与第一消息1408相关联地存储的位置信息可指示在接收到第一用户输入之时电子设备位于旧金山的联合广场附近。基于该位置信息，可以确定第一用户输入中的“附近”是指旧金山的联合广场附近。因此，在该实施例中，与第一用户输入相对应的用户意图可被确定为搜索旧金山的联合广场附近的中国餐厅。致使根据该用户意图执行的动作可以是获得旧金山的联合广场附近的中国餐厅的搜索结果。
在框1312处，可将基于框1310的动作的响应显示为GUI中的第二消息。例如，如图14C所示，可在GUI 1402中显示第二消息1410。第二消息1410可包括基于在框1310处获得的搜索结果的响应。具体地讲，第二消息1410可包括或提供对位于旧金山的联合广场附近的中国餐厅的搜索结果的访问。该响应可以是自然语言形式，并且可至少部分地满足由框1304的第一用户输入所表示的用户请求。在本实施例中，第二消息1410可被配置为响应于第二消息1410的用户选择而提供根据用户输入的附加细节。具体地讲，电子设备1400的用户对第二消息1410的选择可致使电子设备1400的应用程序显示旧金山的联合广场附近的中国餐厅的详细搜索结果。
在一些实施例中，框1312还可包括将该响应传输(或致使该响应被传输)到远程设备并且致使该响应在远程设备的GUI中显示。因此，电子设备1400可致使消息1408和1410在远程设备的GUI中显示。此外，远程设备的GUI中所显示的消息1410可被配置为致使响应于消息的用户选择而在远程设备上显示详细搜索结果。这样，远程设备的用户可查看电子设备1400的用户与电子设备1400的数字助理之间的会话。如下所述，这将允许远程设备的用户也参与该会话，因此受益于由电子设备1400的数字助理提供的帮助。可响应于接收到框1304的第一用户输入(或响应于在框1306处显示作为消息1408的第一用户输入)而自动执行框1310和1312，无需另外的人为干预。
在框1314处，可经由远程设备从远程设备的用户接收寻址到电子设备1400的数字助理的第二用户输入。第二用户输入可包括文本输入和/或媒体对象。在一些实施例中，第二用户输入可与第一用户输入相关。在图14D所示的本实施例中，第二用户输入可包括文本“仅价格便宜的有哪些？”
在框1316处，可将第二用户输入显示为GUI中的第三消息。例如，如图14D所示，可将第二用户输入显示为GUI 1402中的第三消息1412。可响应于接收到第二用户输入而执行框1316。
在框1318处，电子设备可致使根据从第二用户输入得出的第二用户意图以及框1310的用户意图来执行第二动作。框1318可类似于框1310，不同之处在于第二用户输入从第二用户输入和框1308的用户意图两者得出。具体地讲，电子设备可致使最初基于第二用户输入来确定第二用户意图。具体地讲，可确定第二用户输入是否是对细化框1308的用户意图的请求。该确定可基于第二用户输入中的一个或多个预先确定的字词。在本实施例中，基于第二用户输入中的字词“只有”可确定第二用户输入是对细化框1308的用户意图的请求。其他预先确定的字词可包括“仅”、“过滤”、“缩小”等等。除此之外或另选地，第二用户输入是否是对细化框1308的用户意图的请求的确定可基于对应于第二用户输入的域。例如，如果对应于第二用户输入的域与对应于第一用户输入的域相同，则第二用户输入可被确定为对细化框1308的用户意图的请求。
响应于确定第二用户输入是对细化框1308的用户意图的请求，可基于第二用户输入和框1308的用户意图来确定第二用户意图。在本实施例中，第二用户意图可被确定为包括获得联合广场附近被评定为最便宜的中国餐厅的搜索结果。因此根据第二用户意图的第二动作可以是执行被评定为最便宜的中国餐厅的搜索。应当理解，在本实施例中，第一用户意图和第二用户意图可对应于知识本体的相同域(例如，“搜索餐厅”域)。此外，第二用户意图可包括框1310的用户意图中不包括的参数(例如，被评定为最便宜)。
在框1320处，可将基于第二动作的第二响应显示为GUI中的第四消息。在如图14E所示的本实施例中，在GUI 1402中显示消息1414。消息1414可包括基于框1318的第二动作的第二响应。框1320可类似于框1314。在该实施例中，第二响应可呈现旧金山的联合广场附近被评定为最便宜的中国餐厅的搜索结果。
在一些实施例中，框1320可包括将第二响应传输到远程设备并且致使第二响应在远程设备的GUI中显示。这样，可使得远程设备的用户能够访问由远程设备的用户所请求的结果。因此远程设备的用户可成为电子设备1400的用户与电子设备1400的数字助理之间的会话的参与者。
在一些实施例中，远程设备的数字助理可与电子设备1400的用户和/或与电子设备1400的数字助理在即时消息环境中进行交互。过程1300的框1322-1328和图14F-I示出了此类交互的实施例。在下文所述的实施例中，远程设备的数字助理可用于向电子设备1400的用户发送提醒。具体地讲，如图14F的消息1416中所指示，远程设备的用户可让远程设备的数字助理在下午7:00晚餐约会前三十分钟向电子设备1400的用户发送提醒。此外，远程设备的用户可让远程设备的数字助理请求电子设备1400的用户在抵达晚餐位置(例如，熊猫快餐店)时呼叫远程设备的用户。
在框1322处，可接收到来自远程设备的数字助理的输入。该输入可由远程设备的数字助理自动生成(例如，响应于时间为下午6:30)并且可包括文本输入和/或媒体对象。在图14G-H所示的本实施例中，该输入可在下午6:30接收到并且可包括提醒电子设备1400的用户下午7:00熊猫快餐店的晚餐约会的文本。该输入还可包括请求电子设备1400的用户在抵达晚餐地点(例如，熊猫快餐店)时呼叫远程设备的用户的文本。响应于接收到该输入，可执行框1324。
在框1324处，可在GUI中显示基于框1322的输入的第五消息。在一些实施例中，可将来自远程设备的数字助理的输入直接显示为GUI中的第五消息。例如，如图14G所示，GUI1402中显示的第五消息1418可包括由远程设备的数字助理生成的输入的文本。因此第五消息1418由远程设备的数字助理直接寻址到电子设备1400的用户。此外，在一些实施例中，可显示由远程设备的数字助理生成第五消息1418的内容的指示1417。在该实施例中，指示1417是指示由远程设备的数字助理创建并发送第五消息1418的文本。
在其他实施例中，可通过电子设备1400的数字助理来处理框1322的输入，并且可生成该输入的表示并显示为GUI中的第五消息。例如，如图14H所示，GUI 1402中显示的第五消息1420可传送由框1322的输入所表示的信息。具体地讲，在框1322处从远程设备的数字助理接收输入可致使电子设备1400的数字助理生成并显示第五消息1420。因此可由电子设备1400的数字助理基于框1322的输入来生成第五消息1420的内容。因此通过电子设备1400的数字助理将框1322的输入间接传送给电子设备1400的用户。如图14H所示，可显示由电子设备1400的数字助理生成第五消息的内容的指示1419。在该实施例中，指示1419是指示由电子设备1400的数字助理创建并显示第五消息1420的文本。虽然通过电子设备1400的数字助理将框1322的输入间接传送给电子设备1400的用户可能需要电子设备1400的附加处理，但其可通过减少会话的参与者的数量并因此减少混淆来改善用户体验。
在一些实施例中，框1322的输入可致使电子设备1400的数字助理执行动作。在框1326处，响应于接收到框1322的输入，电子设备可致使根据从框1322的输入得出的第三用户意图来执行第三动作。框1326可类似于框1310。框1326可包括致使与框1322的输入相对应的第三用户意图使用自然语言处理来确定。更具体地讲，可确定框1322的输入是否对应于可执行意图。在本实施例中，框1322的输入可被确定为对应于创建提醒的可执行意图。具体地讲，第三用户意图可包括创建提醒以在抵达与熊猫快餐店相对应的位置时呼叫JohnSmith。框1326还可包括致使与第三用户意图相对应的第三任务流被生成并且致使任务流被执行以执行第三动作。在本实施例中，第三动作可包括创建提醒以在抵达与熊猫快餐店相对应的位置时呼叫John Smith。所创建的提醒可被配置为致使响应于检测到电子设备1400位于与熊猫快餐店相对应的位置的预先确定距离内而在电子设备1400上显示通知。
在框1328处，可将基于第三动作的第三响应显示为GUI中的第六消息。例如，如图14I所示，可在GUI 1402中显示第六消息1422。第六消息1422可包括确认已创建该提醒的第三响应。可由电子设备1400的数字助理生成并显示第六消息1422。在其他实施例中，第六消息1422可包括通过在框1326处执行第三动作而获得的信息。
虽然上述实施例中，电子设备的数字助理是仅两个电子设备的用户之间的会话的参与者，但是应当认识到在其他实施例中，该会话可包括任何数量的电子设备的用户。此外，任何一个参与电子设备的数字助理可参与该会话。此外，应当认识到，在不同设备的用户之间的多参与者会话期间可应用在过程800和1100中操作即时消息环境中的数字助理的各方面。
5.电子设备
图15示出根据各种所述实施例的原理进行配置的电子设备1500的功能框图。该设备的功能块可任选地由执行各种所述示例的原理的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图15中所述的功能块可任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述实施例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合、分离或进一步限定。
如图15所示，电子设备1500可包括：触摸屏显示单元1502，该触摸屏显示单元被配置为显示图形用户界面并且从用户接收输入；音频输入单元1504，该音频输入单元被配置为接收音频输入(例如，语音输入)；以及任选的RF单元1506，该RF单元被配置为发送和接收信息。电子设备1500还可包括处理单元1508，该处理单元耦接至触摸屏显示单元1502、音频输入单元1504和RF单元1506。在一些实施例中，处理单元1508可包括显示启用单元1510、接收单元1512、存储单元1514、致使单元1516、检测单元1518、采样单元1520、输出单元1522、识别单元1524、确定单元1526、启用单元1528以及获得单元1530。
根据一些实施方案，处理单元1508被配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510)在触摸屏显示单元1502上显示具有电子设备用户与数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)。在会话视图中呈现所述多个先前消息。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1512)接收经由触摸屏显示单元1502的用户输入。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于接收到用户输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1510上)将用户输入显示为GUI中的第一消息。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用存储单元1514)存储与所显示的用户输入相对应的电子设备的上下文状态。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使根据从用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)将响应显示为GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作。
在一些实施例中，所述多个先前消息中的每一个与电子设备的先前上下文状态相关联。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为在显示用户输入之前，(例如，利用检测单元1518)检测所述多个先前消息中的第一先前消息的用户选择，其中第一先前消息与电子设备的第一先前上下文状态相关联。致使动作被执行还可包括使用电子设备的第一先前上下文状态获得结果，其中所述结果基于所述用户意图。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为在接收到用户输入之前，(例如，利用检测单元1518)检测第二用户输入。在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于检测到第二用户输入，(例如，利用采样单元1520)对音频数据(例如，经由音频输入单元1504)进行采样。音频数据包含用户话语。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使根据从用户话语得出的第二用户意图来执行第二动作。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用输出单元1522)输出基于第二动作的第二响应，其中所述多个先前消息中的第二先前消息包括用户话语的文本表示，并且其中所述多个先前消息中的第三先前消息基于第二响应。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1512且经由触摸屏显示单元)接收与所述多个先前消息中的第四先前消息相关联的第三用户输入。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于接收到第三用户输入，(例如，利用存储单元1514)将第四先前消息的书签与示能表示相关联地存储。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)显示GUI上的示能表示，其中选择示能表示致使GUI的焦点改变为第四先前消息。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于将用户输入显示为电子设备的GUI中的第一消息，(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使在第二电子设备的GUI中显示第一消息。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于将响应显示为电子设备的GUI中的第二消息，(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使在第二电子设备的GUI中显示第二消息。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用检测单元1518)检测GUI中的第一消息的用户选择。第一消息由在单独电子设备处接收到的用户输入生成。第一消息与单独电子设备的上下文状态相关联。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1512且经由触摸屏显示单元1502)接收第四用户输入。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于接收到第四用户输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)将第四用户输入显示为GUI中的第三消息。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使根据第三用户意图来执行第三动作，所述第三用户意图从第四用户输入和单独电子设备的上下文状态得出。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)将第三响应显示为第四消息，所述第三响应基于所述第三动作。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用识别单元1524)基于电子设备的上下文状态和所得出的用户意图来识别与实体相对应的所显示的响应中的一个或多个字词。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1526)确定与实体相关联的动作。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用启用单元1528)启用所显示的响应中的一个或多个字词的选择，其中检测到所述一个或多个字词的用户选择致使与实体相关联的动作被执行。
在一些实施例中，电子设备的GUI包括文本输入字段。在这些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用检测单元1518)检测与所述多个先前消息中的第一先前消息相关联的第五用户输入。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于检测到第五用户输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)在GUI的文本输入字段中显示第一先前消息的文本。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1512并使用触摸屏显示单元1502)经由电子设备的GUI接收第二消息的用户选择。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于接收到第二消息的用户选择，(例如，利用获得单元1530)使用电子设备的应用程序获得基于用户意图的详细结果。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)在应用程序的GUI中显示详细结果。
在一些实施例中，将响应显示为第二消息包括在第二消息中显示响应于选择第二消息而可获得更详细的响应的指示。在一些实施例中，第二消息仅包括文本。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)基于用户意图来显示电子设备的GUI中的媒体对象，所述媒体对象与电子设备的应用程序相关联。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用检测单元1518)检测媒体对象的用户选择。响应于检测到媒体对象的用户选择，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用获得单元1530)使用电子设备的应用程序获得与媒体对象相对应的扩展结果。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)在应用程序的GUI中显示扩展结果。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1512且经由触摸屏显示单元1502)从电子设备的应用程序接收通知。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于接收到通知，(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)将通知显示为GUI中的第五消息。
在一些实施例中，电子设备的GUI包括用户输入界面，其中所显示的响应包括对附加信息的请求。在这些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)在用户输入界面中显示两个或更多个所建议的字符串，所述两个或更多个所建议的字符串中的每一个响应于对附加信息的请求。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用检测单元1518)检测所述两个或更多个所建议的字符串中的所建议的字符串的用户选择。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于检测到所建议的字符串的用户选择，(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)将所选择的所建议的字符串显示为电子设备的GUI中的第六消息。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)将第四响应显示为电子设备的GUI中的第七消息，所述第四响应基于所选择的所建议的字符串。
在一些实施例中，用户输入包括模糊术语。所显示的响应包括所显示的对与模糊术语相关的附加信息的请求。所显示的对附加信息的请求包括模糊术语的可能解释的列表。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1512)接收第六用户输入，所述第六用户输入指示可能解释的列表之一的选择。处理单元1508被进一步配置为响应于接收到第六用户输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)将第六用户输入显示为GUI中的第八消息。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使根据从第六用户输入得出的用户意图来执行第六动作。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1510且在触摸屏显示单元1502上)将第六响应显示为GUI中的第九消息，所述第六响应基于所述第六动作。
在一些实施例中，上下文状态包括接收到用户输入的时间以及定义在接收到用户输入之时电子设备的位置的数据。
在一些实施例中，电子设备的GUI是电子设备的即时消息应用程序的GUI，所述即时消息应用程序被配置为发送并接收来自一个或多个接收人的消息。在一些实施例中，所述多个先前消息按照时间顺序显示。在一些实施例中，第一消息和第二消息在GUI的相对两侧上对齐。在一些实施例中，在不提供任何音频输出的情况下显示第二消息。
在一些实施例中，响应于接收到用户输入而自动执行致使动作被执行并显示响应，无需另外的人为干预。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使基于用户输入来确定用户意图。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使基于用户意图来确定任务流。处理单元1508被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1516)致使任务流被执行以获得结果，其中所显示的响应基于所获得的结果。
以上参考图8描述的操作可任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程800的操作可以由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718；应用程序模块724；I/O处理模块728；STT处理模块730；自然语言处理模块732；任务流处理模块736；服务处理模块738；或处理器220,410,704。本领域人员会清楚地知道可如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
图16示出根据各种所述实施例的原理进行配置的电子设备1600的功能框图。该设备的功能块可任选地由执行各种所述示例的原理的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图16中所述的功能块可任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述实施例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合、分离或进一步限定。
如图16所示，电子设备1600可包括：触摸屏显示单元1602，该触摸屏显示单元被配置为显示图形用户界面并且从用户接收输入；音频输入单元1604，该音频输入单元被配置为接收音频输入(例如，语音输入)；以及任选的RF单元1606，该RF单元被配置为发送和接收信息。电子设备1600还可包括处理单元1608，该处理单元耦接至触摸屏显示单元1602、音频输入单元1604和RF单元1606。在一些实施例中，处理单元1608可包括显示启用单元1610、接收单元1612、致使单元1614、获得单元1616、提取单元1618、执行单元1620、填充单元1622以及存储单元1624。
根据一些实施方案，处理单元1608被配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1610)在显示单元1602上显示具有用户与数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现。处理单元1608被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1612)接收包括媒体对象的第一用户输入。处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于接收到第一用户输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1610且在显示单元1602上)将媒体对象显示为GUI中的第一消息。处理单元1608被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1612)接收包括文本的第二用户输入。处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于接收到第二用户输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1610且在显示单元1602上)将文本显示为GUI中的第二消息。处理单元1608被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1614)致使与第一用户输入和第二用户输入相对应的用户意图被确定。处理单元1608被进一步配置为(例如，利用获得单元1616)获得用户意图是否需要从媒体对象提取文本的确定。处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于获得用户意图需要从媒体对象提取文本的确定：(例如，利用提取单元1618)从媒体对象提取文本，(例如，利用执行单元1620)使用所提取的文本来执行根据用户意图的任务，并且(例如，利用显示启用单元1610且在显示单元1602上)将指示用户意图被满足的响应显示为GUI中的第三消息。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1608被进一步配置为根据用户意图(例如，利用填充单元1622)将所提取的文本填充到电子设备的应用程序的文本字段中。
在一些实施例中，用户意图包括使用媒体对象在电子设备的联系人应用程序中创建联系人条目。在这些实施例中，媒体对象是描绘实体的联系人信息的图像，所提取的文本包括联系人信息，并且执行根据用户意图的任务还包括用所提取的文本填充联系人条目的文本字段，所述联系人条目与所述实体相关联。
在一些实施例中，用户意图包括使用媒体对象在电子设备的日历应用程序中创建日历条目。在这些实施例中，媒体对象是描绘事件信息的图像，所提取的文本包括事件信息，并且执行根据用户意图的任务还包括用所提取的文本填充日历条目的文本字段。
在一些实施例中，用户意图包括使用媒体对象在电子设备的提醒应用程序中创建提醒条目。在这些实施例中，媒体对象是描绘提醒任务的图像，所提取的文本包括提醒任务，并且执行根据用户意图的任务还包括用所提取的文本填充提醒条目的文本字段。
在一些实施例中，用户意图包括将媒体对象中的第一语言的文本翻译为第二语言的文本。在这些实施例中，媒体对象是描绘第一语言的文本的图像，所提取的文本包括第一语言的文本，执行根据用户意图的任务还包括获得与第一语言的文本相对应的第二语言的文本，并且所显示的响应包括第二语言的文本。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于获得用户意图不需要从媒体对象提取文本的确定，(例如，利用获得单元1616)获得用户意图是否需要对媒体对象执行图像识别的确定。处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于获得用户意图需要对媒体对象执行图像识别的确定：(例如，利用致使单元1614)致使对媒体对象的图像识别被执行，(例如，利用获得单元1616)基于图像识别来获得与媒体对象相关联的信息，并且(例如，利用显示启用单元1610且在显示单元1602上)将指示用户意图被满足的响应显示为GUI中的第四消息。该响应基于与媒体对象相关联的信息。
在一些实施例中，媒体对象示出零售对象，并且与媒体对象相关联的信息包括零售对象的价格信息。在一些实施例中，媒体对象示出位置，并且与媒体对象相关联的信息包括位置的标识。在一些实施例中，媒体对象示出实体，并且与媒体对象相关联的信息包括实体的标识。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于获得用户意图不需要对媒体对象执行图像识别的确定，(例如，利用获得单元1616)获得用户意图是否需要对媒体对象执行音频处理的确定。处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于获得用户意图需要对媒体对象执行音频处理的确定：(例如，利用致使单元1614)致使对媒体对象的音频处理被执行，(例如，利用获得单元1616)基于音频处理来获得与媒体对象相关联的信息，并且(例如，利用显示启用单元1610且在显示单元1602上)将指示用户意图被满足的响应显示为GUI中的第五消息。该响应基于与媒体对象相关联的信息。
在一些实施例中，致使对媒体对象的音频处理被执行还包括致使对媒体对象执行语音转文本识别以获得与媒体对象中的语音相对应的文本。在一些实施例中，使用与媒体对象中的语音相对应的文本获得该信息。在一些实施例中，根据用户意图将与媒体对象中的语音相对应的文本与电子设备的应用程序相关联地存储。
在一些实施例中，致使对媒体对象的音频处理被执行还包括致使使用媒体对象执行音频识别以获得识别媒体对象的文本。在一些实施例中，使用识别媒体对象的文本获得该信息。在一些实施例中，处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于检测到GUI中的第五消息的用户选择，(例如，利用致使单元1614)致使与媒体对象相关的零售信息被显示。
在一些实施例中，第二用户输入定义与媒体对象相关的属性，所述属性未在媒体对象中明确指示。在这些实施例中，处理单元1608被进一步配置为响应于获得用户意图不需要对媒体对象执行音频处理的确定，(例如，利用存储单元1624)存储将该属性与媒体对象相关联的数据。
在一些实施例中，该属性描述用户与媒体对象之间的关系。在一些实施例中，处理单元1608被进一步配置为(例如，利用存储单元1624)基于该属性将媒体对象与电子设备的应用程序相关联地存储。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1608被进一步配置为在将媒体对象显示为第一消息之后且在接收到第二用户输入之前，(例如，利用显示启用单元1610且在显示单元1602上)将对有关媒体对象的附加信息的请求显示为GUI中的第六消息。
在一些实施例中，致使用户意图被确定还包括致使知识本体的多个域之中的域基于第一用户输入和第二用户输入而被确定。
以上参考图11A至图11D描述的操作可任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程1100的操作可以由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718；应用程序模块724；I/O处理模块728；STT处理模块730；自然语言处理模块732；任务流处理模块736；服务处理模块738；或处理器220,410,704。本领域人员会清楚地知道可如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
图17示出根据各种所述实施例的原理进行配置的电子设备1700的功能框图。该设备的功能块可任选地由执行各种所述示例的原理的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图17中所述的功能块可任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述实施例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合、分离或进一步限定。
如图17所示，电子设备1700可包括：触摸屏显示单元1702，该触摸屏显示单元被配置为显示图形用户界面并且从用户接收输入；音频输入单元1704，该音频输入单元被配置为接收音频输入(例如，语音输入)；以及任选的RF单元1706，该RF单元被配置为发送和接收信息。电子设备1700还可包括处理单元1708，该处理单元耦接至触摸屏显示单元1702、音频输入单元1704和RF单元1706。在一些实施例中，处理单元1708可包括显示启用单元1710、接收单元1712、致使单元1714、传输单元1717以及确定单元1718。
根据一些实施方案，处理单元1708被配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1710)在显示单元1702上显示具有电子设备用户与远程设备用户之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)。在会话视图中呈现所述多个先前消息。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1712)从电子设备的用户接收寻址到电子设备的数字助理的第一用户输入。处理单元1708被进一步配置为响应于接收到第一用户输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)将第一用户输入显示为GUI中的第一消息。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1714)致使根据从第一用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)将响应显示为GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1712)从远程设备的用户接收寻址到数字助理的第二用户输入。处理单元1708被进一步配置为响应于接收到第二用户输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)将第二用户输入显示为GUI中的第三消息。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1714)致使根据从第二用户输入和该用户意图得出的第二用户意图来执行第二动作。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)将第二响应显示为GUI中的第四消息，所述第二响应基于所述第二动作。
在一些实施例中，第二用户意图包括细化该用户意图。
在一些实施例中，该用户意图和第二用户意图两者包括相同域，并且第二用户意图包括该用户意图不包括的参数。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用传输单元1716并使用RF单元1706)将第二响应传输到远程设备。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元)致使在远程设备的GUI中显示第二响应。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1718)确定第一用户输入是否包括预先确定的触发短语以调用数字助理。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1714)致使动作被执行，并且响应于确定第一用户输入包括预先确定的触发短语而(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)将该响应显示为第二消息。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1712)从远程设备的数字助理接收输入。处理单元1708被进一步配置为响应于接收到该输入，(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)将该输入显示为GUI中的第五消息。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)在GUI中显示由远程设备的数字助理生成第五消息的内容的指示。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1708被进一步配置为响应于从远程设备的数字助理接收到该输入，(例如，利用致使单元1714)致使电子设备的数字助理生成第五消息的内容，其中第五消息的内容包括来自远程设备的数字助理的输入。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)在GUI中显示由电子设备的数字助理生成第五消息的内容的指示。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1708被进一步配置为响应于从远程设备的数字助理接收到该输入：(例如，利用致使单元1714)致使根据从来自远程设备的数字助理的输入得出的第三用户意图来执行第三动作，并且(例如，利用显示启用单元1710且在显示单元1702上)将第三响应显示为GUI中的第六消息，所述第三响应基于所述第三动作。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用传输单元1716)将该响应传输到远程设备。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用致使单元1714)致使在远程设备的GUI中显示该响应。
在一些实施例中，响应于接收到第一用户输入而自动执行致使动作被执行并显示响应，无需另外的人为干预。
以上参考图13A至图13C描述的操作可任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程1300的操作可以由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718；应用程序模块724；I/O处理模块728；STT处理模块730；自然语言处理模块732；任务流处理模块736；服务处理模块738；或处理器220,410,704。本领域人员会清楚地知道可如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
根据一些具体实施，提供一种计算机可读存储介质(例如，非暂态计算机可读存储介质)，该计算机可读存储介质存储供电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所述方法或过程中的任一个的指令。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括用于执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一个的装置。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括处理单元，该处理单元被配置为执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一个。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括一个或多个处理器和存储用于由该一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所描述的方法和过程中的任一个的指令。
示例性方法、非暂态计算机可读存储介质、系统和电子设备在以下各项中给出：
1.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，所述方法包括：
在具有显示器、处理器和存储器的电子设备处：
在所述显示器上显示具有所述电子设备的用户与所述数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
接收用户输入；
响应于接收到所述用户输入：
将所述用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；以及
存储与所显示的用户输入相对应的所述电子设备的上下文状态；
致使根据从所述用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作；以及
将响应显示为所述GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多个先前消息中的每个先前消息与所述电子设备的先前上下文状态相关联。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
在显示所述用户输入之前，检测所述多个先前消息中的第一先前消息的用户选择，所述第一先前消息与所述电子设备的第一先前上下文状态相关联，其中致使所述动作被执行还包括：
使用所述电子设备的所述第一先前上下文状态获得结果，所述结果基于所述用户意图。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
在接收到所述用户输入之前：
检测第二用户输入；
响应于检测到所述第二用户输入，对包含用户话语的音频数据进行采样；
致使根据从所述用户话语得出的第二用户意图来执行第二动作；以及
输出基于所述第二动作的第二响应，其中所述多个先前消息中的第二先前消息包括所述用户话语的文本表示，并且其中所述多个先前消息中的第三先前消息基于所述第二响应。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
接收与所述多个先前消息中的第四先前消息相关联的第三用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第三用户输入，来将所述第四先前消息的书签与示能表示相关联地存储；以及
显示所述GUI上的所述示能表示，其中选择所述示能表示致使所述GUI的焦点改变为所述第四先前消息。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
响应于将所述用户输入显示为所述电子设备的所述GUI中的第一消息，致使在第二电子设备的GUI中显示所述第一消息；以及
响应于将所述响应显示为所述电子设备的所述GUI中的第二消息，致使在所述第二电子设备的所述GUI中显示所述第二消息。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
在所述第二电子设备处：
检测所述第二电子设备的所述GUI中的所述第一消息的用户选择，所述第一消息与所述电子设备的所述上下文状态相关联；
接收第四用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第四用户输入，来将所述第四用户输入显示为所述第二电子设备的所述GUI中的第三消息；
致使根据第三用户意图来执行第三动作，所述第三用户意图从所述第四用户输入和所述电子设备的所述上下文状态得出；以及
将第三响应显示为所述第二电子设备的所述GUI中的第四消息，所述第三响应基于所述第三动作。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
基于所述电子设备的所述上下文状态和所得出的用户意图来识别与实体相对应的所显示的响应中的一个或多个字词；
确定与所述实体相关联的动作；以及
启用所显示的响应中的所述一个或多个字词的选择，其中检测到所述一个或多个字词的用户选择致使与所述实体相关联的所述动作被执行。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法，其中所述电子设备的所述GUI包括文本输入字段，并且所述方法还包括：
检测与所述多个先前消息中的第一先前消息相关联的第五用户输入；以及
响应于检测到所述第五用户输入，来在所述GUI的所述文本输入字段中显示所述第一先前消息的文本。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
经由所述电子设备的所述GUI接收所述第二消息的用户选择；
响应于接收到所述第二消息的所述用户选择：
使用所述电子设备的应用程序获得基于所述用户意图的详细结果；以及
在所述应用程序的GUI中显示所述详细结果。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中将所述响应显示为所述第二消息包括在所述第二消息中显示响应于选择所述第二消息而可获得更详细的响应的指示。
12.根据权利要求10-11中任一项所述的方法，其中所述第二消息仅包括文本。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
基于所述用户意图在所述电子设备的所述GUI中显示媒体对象，所述媒体对象与所述电子设备的应用程序相关联。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：
检测所述媒体对象的用户选择；
响应于检测到所述媒体对象的所述用户选择：
使用所述电子设备的应用程序获得与所述媒体对象相对应的扩展结果；以及
在所述应用程序的GUI中显示所述扩展结果。
15.根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
从所述电子设备的应用程序接收通知；以及
响应于接收到所述通知，来将所述通知显示为所述GUI中的第五消息。
16.根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法，其中所述电子设备的所述GUI包括用户输入界面，其中所显示的响应包括对附加信息的请求，并且所述方法还包括：
在所述用户输入界面中显示两个或更多个所建议的字符串，所述两个或更多个所建议的字符串中的每个字符串响应于所述对附加信息的请求；
检测所述两个或更多个所建议的字符串中的所建议的字符串的用户选择；
响应于检测到所建议的字符串的用户选择，来将所选择的建议的字符串显示为所述电子设备的所述GUI中的第六消息；以及
将第四响应显示为所述电子设备的所述GUI中的第七消息，所述第四响应基于所选择的建议的字符串。
17.根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的方法，其中：
所述用户输入包括模糊术语；
所显示的响应包括显示的对与所述模糊术语相关的附加信息的请求；并且
所显示的对附加信息的请求包括所述模糊术语的可能解释的列表。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，还包括：
接收指示所述可能解释的列表之一的选择的第六用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第六用户输入，来将所述第六用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第八消息；
致使根据从所述第六用户输入得出的用户意图来执行第六动作；以及
将第六响应显示为所述GUI中的第九消息，所述第六响应基于所述第六动作。
19.根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法，其中所述上下文状态包括接收到所述用户输入的时间以及定义在接收到所述用户输入之时所述电子设备的位置的数据。
20.根据权利要求1-19中任一项所述的方法，其中所述电子设备的所述GUI是所述电子设备的即时消息应用程序的GUI，所述即时消息应用程序被配置为发送并接收来自一个或多个接收人的消息。
21.根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的方法，其中所述多个先前消息按照时间顺序显示。
22.根据权利要求1-21中任一项所述的方法，其中所述第一消息和所述第二消息在所述GUI的相对两侧上对齐。
23.根据权利要求1-22中任一项所述的方法，其中在不提供任何音频输出的情况下显示所述第二消息。
24.根据权利要求1-23中任一项所述的方法，其中响应于接收到所述用户输入而自动执行致使所述动作被执行并显示所述响应，无需另外的人为干预。
25.根据权利要求1-24中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
致使基于所述用户输入来确定所述用户意图；
致使基于所述用户意图来确定任务流；以及
致使所述任务流被执行以获得结果，其中所显示的响应基于所获得的结果。
26.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，所述方法包括：
在具有显示器、处理器和存储器的电子设备处：
在所述显示器上显示具有用户与所述数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
接收包括媒体对象的第一用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第一用户输入，来将所述媒体对象显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；
接收包括文本的第二用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第二用户输入，来将所述文本显示为所述GUI中的第二消息；
致使与所述第一用户输入和所述第二用户输入相对应的用户意图被确定；
获得所述用户意图是否需要从所述媒体对象提取文本的确定；以及
响应于获得所述用户意图需要从所述媒体对象提取文本的确定：
从所述媒体对象提取文本；
使用所提取的文本来执行根据所述用户意图的任务；以及
将指示所述用户意图被满足的响应显示为所述GUI
中的第三消息。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法，还包括：
根据所述用户意图，将所提取的文本填充到所述电子设备的应用程序的文本字段中。
28.根据权利要求26-27中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户意图包括使用所述媒体对象在所述电子设备的联系人应用程序中创建联系人条目。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中：
所述媒体对象是描绘实体的联系人信息的图像；
所提取的文本包括所述联系人信息；以及
执行根据所述用户意图的所述任务还包括用所提取的文本填充所述联系人条目的文本字段，所述联系人条目与所述实体相关联。
30.根据权利要求26-27中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户意图包括使用所述媒体对象在所述电子设备的日历应用程序中创建日历条目。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中：
所述媒体对象是描绘事件信息的图像；
所提取的文本包括所述事件信息；以及
执行根据所述用户意图的所述任务还包括用所提取的文本填充所述日历条目的文本字段。
32.根据权利要求26-27中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户意图包括使用所述媒体对象在所述电子设备的提醒应用程序中创建提醒条目。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法，其中：
所述媒体对象是描绘提醒任务的图像；
所提取的文本包括所述提醒任务；以及
执行根据所述用户意图的所述任务还包括用所提取的文本填充所述提醒条目的文本字段。
34.根据权利要求26-27中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户意图包括将所述媒体对象中的第一语言的文本翻译为第二语言的文本。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中：
所述媒体对象是描绘所述第一语言的所述文本的图像；
所提取的文本包括所述第一语言的所述文本；
执行根据所述用户意图的所述任务还包括获得与所述第一语言的所述文本相对应的所述第二语言的所述文本；并且
所显示的响应包括所述第二语言的所述文本。
36.根据权利要求26所述的方法，还包括：
响应于获得所述用户意图不需要从所述媒体对象提取文本的确定，来获得所述用户意图是否需要对所述媒体对象执行图像识别的确定；以及
响应于获得所述用户意图需要对所述媒体对象执行图像识别的确定：
致使对所述媒体对象的图像识别被执行；
基于所述图像识别来获得与所述媒体对象相关联的信息；以及
将指示所述用户意图被满足的响应显示为所述GUI中的第四消息，所述响应基于与所述媒体对象相关联的所述信息。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中所述媒体对象示出零售对象，并且其中与所述媒体对象相关联的所述信息包括所述零售对象的价格信息。
38.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中所述媒体对象示出位置，并且其中与所述媒体对象相关联的所述信息包括所述位置的标识。
39.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中所述媒体对象示出实体，并且其中与所述媒体对象相关联的所述信息包括所述实体的标识。
40.根据权利要求36所述的方法，还包括：
响应于获得所述用户意图不需要对所述媒体对象执行图像识别的确定，来获得所述用户意图是否需要对所述媒体对象执行音频处理的确定；以及
响应于获得所述用户意图需要对所述媒体对象执行音频处理的确定：
致使对所述媒体对象的音频处理被执行；
基于所述音频处理来获得与所述媒体对象相关联的信息；以及
将指示所述用户意图被满足的响应显示为所述GUI中的第五消息，所述响应基于与所述媒体对象相关联的所述信息。
41.根据权利要求40所述的方法，其中致使对所述媒体对象的音频处理被执行还包括：
致使对所述媒体对象执行语音转文本识别以获得与所述媒体对象中的语音相对应的文本。
42.根据权利要求41所述的方法，其中使用与所述媒体对象中的所述语音相对应的所述文本来获得所述信息。
43.根据权利要求41-42中任一项所述的方法，其中根据所述用户意图将与所述媒体对象中的所述语音相对应的所述文本与所述电子设备的应用程序相关联地存储。
44.根据权利要求40所述的方法，其中致使对所述媒体对象的音频处理被执行还包括：
致使使用所述媒体对象执行音频识别以获得识别所述媒体对象的文本。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法，其中使用识别所述媒体对象的所述文本来获得所述信息。
46.根据权利要求44-45中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到所述GUI中的所述第五消息的用户选择，致使与所述媒体对象相关的零售信息被显示。
47.根据权利要求40所述的方法，其中所述第二用户输入定义与所述媒体对象相关的属性，所述属性未在所述媒体对象中明确指示，并且所述方法还包括：
响应于获得所述用户意图不需要对所述媒体对象执行音频处理的确定，来存储将所述属性与所述媒体对象相关联的数据。
48.根据权利要求47所述的方法，其中所述属性描述所述用户与所述媒体对象之间的关系。
49.根据权利要求47-48中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
基于所述属性将所述媒体对象与所述电子设备的应用程序相关联地存储。
50.根据权利要求26-49中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
在将所述媒体对象显示为所述第一消息之后且在接收到所述第二用户输入之前，将对有关所述媒体对象的附加信息的请求显示为所述GUI中的第六消息。
51.根据权利要求26-50中任一项所述的方法，其中致使所述用户意图被确定包括致使知识本体的多个域之中的域基于所述第一用户输入和所述第二用户输入而被确定。
52.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，所述方法包括：
在具有显示器、处理器和存储器的电子设备处：
在所述显示器上显示具有所述电子设备的用户与远程设备的用户之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
从所述电子设备的所述用户接收寻址到所述数字助理的第一用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第一用户输入，来将所述第一用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；
致使根据从所述第一用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作；以及
将响应显示为所述GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作。
53.根据权利要求52所述的方法，还包括：
从所述远程设备的所述用户接收寻址到所述数字助理的第二用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第二用户输入，来将所述第二用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第三消息；
致使根据从所述第二用户输入和所述用户意图得出的第二用户意图来执行第二动作；以及
将第二响应显示为所述GUI中的第四消息，所述第二响应基于所述第二动作。
54.根据权利要求53所述的方法，其中所述第二用户意图包括细化所述用户意图。
55.根据权利要求53-54中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户意图和所述第二用户意图两者包括相同域，并且其中所述第二用户意图包括所述用户意图不包括的参数。
56.根据权利要求53-55中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
将所述第二响应传输到所述远程设备；以及
致使所述第二响应在所述远程设备的GUI中显示。
57.根据权利要求52-56中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述第一用户输入是否包括预先确定的触发短语以调用所述数字助理，其中响应于确定所述第一用户输入包括预先确定的触发短语，执行致使所述动作被执行并且将所述响应显示为所述第二消息。
58.根据权利要求52-57中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
从所述远程设备的数字助理接收输入；以及
响应于接收到所述输入，来将所述输入显示为所述GUI中的第五消息。
59.根据权利要求58所述的方法，还包括：
在所述GUI中显示由所述远程设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的内容的指示。
60.根据权利要求58所述的方法，还包括：
响应于从所述远程设备的所述数字助理接收到所述输入，致使所述电子设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的内容，其中所述第五消息的所述内容包括来自所述远程设备的所述数字助理的所述输入；以及
在所述GUI中显示由所述电子设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的所述内容的指示。
61.根据权利要求58-60中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
响应于从所述远程设备的所述数字助理接收到所述输入：
致使根据从来自所述远程设备的所述数字助理的所述输入得出的第三用户意图来执行第三动作；以及
将第三响应显示为所述GUI中的第六消息，所述第三响应基于所述第三动作。
62.根据权利要求52-61中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
将所述响应传输到所述远程设备；以及
致使所述响应在所述远程设备的GUI中显示。
63.根据权利要求52-62中任一项所述的方法，其中响应于接收到所述第一用户输入而自动执行致使所述动作被执行并显示所述响应，无需另外的人为干预。
64.一种在其上存储有指令的非暂态计算机可读介质，所述指令当由一个或多个处理器执行时致使所述一个或多个处理器执行根据权利要求1-63所述的方法中的任一方法。
65.一种系统，包括：
一个或多个处理器；以及
在其上存储有指令的存储器，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时致使所述一个或多个处理器执行根据权利要求1-63所述的方法中的任一方法。
66.一种设备，包括用于执行根据权利要求1-63中任一项所述的方法的装置。
67.一种电子设备，包括：
显示单元；和
处理单元，所述处理单元耦接到所述显示单元，其中所述处理单元被配置为：
在所述显示单元上显示具有所述电子设备的用户与数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
接收用户输入；
响应于接收到所述用户输入：
将所述用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；以及
存储与所显示的用户输入相对应的所述电子设备的上下文状态；
致使根据从所述用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作；以及
在所述显示单元上将响应显示为所述GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作。
68.一种电子设备，包括：
显示单元；和
处理单元，所述处理单元耦接到所述显示单元，其中所述处理单元被配置为：
在所述显示单元上显示具有用户与所述数字助理之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
接收包括媒体对象的第一用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第一用户输入，来将所述媒体对象显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；
接收包括文本的第二用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第二用户输入，来将所述文本显示为所述GUI中的第二消息；
致使与所述第一用户输入和所述第二用户输入相对应的用户意图被确定；
获得所述用户意图是否需要从所述媒体对象提取文本的确定；以及
响应于获得所述用户意图需要从所述媒体对象提取文本的确定：
从所述媒体对象提取文本；
使用所提取的文本来执行根据所述用户意图的任务；以及
将指示所述用户意图被满足的响应显示为所述GUI中的第三消息。
69.一种电子设备，包括：
显示单元；和
处理单元，所述处理单元耦接到所述显示单元，其中所述处理单元被配置为：
在所述显示器上显示具有所述电子设备的用户与远程设备的用户之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面(GUI)，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
从所述电子设备的所述用户接收寻址到所述数字助理的第一用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第一用户输入，来将所述第一用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；
致使根据从所述第一用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作；以及
将响应显示为所述GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作。
处于解释的目的，已经参考具体实施方案对上述描述进行了描述。然而，上面的示例性讨论并非旨在为穷尽的或将本发明限制为所公开的精确形式。根据以上教导内容，很多修改形式和变型形式均为可能的。选择并描述这些实施方案是为了最好地解释这些技术的原理及其实际应用。本领域的其他技术人员由此能够最好地利用这些技术以及具有适合于所设想的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施方案。
虽然参照附图对本公开以及示例进行了全面的描述，但应当注意，各种变化和修改对于本领域内的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。应当理解，此类变化和修改被认为被包括在由权利要求书所限定的本公开和示例的范围内。
如上所述，本发明技术的一个方面在于采集和使用得自各种来源的数据，以改进向用户递送其可能感兴趣的启发内容或任何其他内容。本公开设想，在一些实例中，该所采集的数据可包括唯一地识别或可用于联系或定位特定人员的个人信息数据。此类个人信息数据可包括人口数据、基于位置的数据、电话号码、电子邮件地址、家庭地址或任何其他识别信息。
本公开认识到在本发明技术中使用此类个人信息数据可用于使用户受益。例如，该个人信息数据可用于递送用户较感兴趣的目标内容。因此，使用此类个人信息数据使得能够对所递送的内容进行有计划的控制。此外，本公开还设想个人信息数据有益于用户的其他用途。
本公开还预期负责此类个人信息数据的收集、分析、公开、传输、存储或其他用途的实体将遵守已确立的隐私政策和/或隐私实践。具体地，此类实体应实施并坚持使用被公认为满足或超出对维护个人信息数据的隐私性和安全性的行业或政府要求的隐私政策和实践。例如，来自用户的个人信息应被收集用于实体的合法且合理的用途，并且不在这些合法使用之外共享或出售。另外，此类收集应仅在用户知情同意之后进行。此外，此类实体应采取任何所需的步骤，以保障和保护对此类个人信息数据的访问，并且确保有权访问个人信息数据的其他人遵守他们的隐私政策和程序。另外，此类实体可使其本身经受第三方评估以证明其遵守广泛接受的隐私政策和实践。
不管前述情况如何，本公开还设想用户选择性地阻止使用或访问个人信息数据的实施方案。即本公开设想可提供硬件元件和/或软件元件，以防止或阻止对此类个人信息数据的访问。例如，就广告递送服务而言，本发明的技术可被配置为在注册服务期间允许用户选择“加入”或“退出”参与对个人信息数据的收集。又如，用户可选择不为目标内容递送服务提供位置信息。再如，用户可选择不提供精确的位置信息，但准许传输位置区域信息。
因此，虽然本公开广泛地覆盖了使用个人信息数据来实现一个或多个各种所公开的实施方案，但本公开还设想各种实施方案也可在无需访问此类个人信息数据的情况下被实现。即，本发明技术的各种实施方案不会由于缺少此类个人信息数据的全部或一部分而无法正常进行。例如，可通过基于非个人信息数据或绝对最低限度的个人信息诸如与用户相关联的设备所请求的内容、对内容递送服务可用的其他非个人信息或公开可用信息来推断偏好，从而选择内容并递送至用户。

Claims (37)

1.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，所述方法包括：
在具有显示器、处理器和存储器的电子设备处：
在所述显示器上显示具有所述电子设备的用户与远程设备的用户之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面GUI，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
从所述电子设备的所述用户接收寻址到所述数字助理的第一用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第一用户输入，来将所述第一用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；
致使根据从所述第一用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作；
将响应显示为所述GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作；
接收由所述远程设备的数字助理生成的文本输入；以及
响应于接收到所述文本输入：
由所述电子设备的数字助理生成所述文本输入的释义，其中所述释义是从所述电子设备的数字助理的角度来措辞表达的；以及
在所述显示器上将所述释义显示为在所述GUI中的第三消息，而不显示所述文本输入。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
从所述远程设备的所述用户接收寻址到所述数字助理的第二用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第二用户输入，来将所述第二用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第三消息；
致使根据从所述第二用户输入和所述用户意图得出的第二用户意图来执行第二动作；以及
将第二响应显示为所述GUI中的第四消息，所述第二响应基于所述第二动作。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述第二用户意图包括细化所述用户意图。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述用户意图和所述第二用户意图两者包括相同域，并且其中所述第二用户意图包括所述用户意图不包括的参数。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，还包括：
将所述第二响应传输到所述远程设备；以及
致使所述第二响应在所述远程设备的GUI中显示。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述第一用户输入是否包括预先确定的触发短语以调用所述数字助理，其中响应于确定所述第一用户输入包括预先确定的触发短语，执行致使所述动作被执行并且将所述响应显示为所述第二消息。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
从所述远程设备的数字助理接收输入；以及
响应于接收到所述输入，来将所述输入显示为所述GUI中的第五消息。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，还包括：
在所述GUI中显示由所述远程设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的内容的指示。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，还包括：
响应于从所述远程设备的所述数字助理接收到所述输入，致使所述电子设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的内容，其中所述第五消息的所述内容包括来自所述远程设备的所述数字助理的所述输入；以及
在所述GUI中显示由所述电子设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的所述内容的指示。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，还包括：
响应于从所述远程设备的所述数字助理接收到所述输入：
致使根据从来自所述远程设备的所述数字助理的所述输入得出的第三用户意图来执行第三动作；以及
将第三响应显示为所述GUI中的第六消息，所述第三响应基于所述第三动作。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
将所述响应传输到所述远程设备；以及
致使所述响应在所述远程设备的GUI中显示。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中响应于接收到所述第一用户输入而自动执行致使所述动作被执行并显示所述响应，无需另外的人为干预。
13.一种在其上存储有指令的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由处理器执行时致使所述处理器执行：
在具有显示器、所述处理器和存储器的电子设备处：
在所述显示器上显示具有所述电子设备的用户与远程设备的用户之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面GUI，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
从所述电子设备的所述用户接收寻址到数字助理的第一用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第一用户输入，来将所述第一用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；
致使根据从所述第一用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作；
将响应显示为所述GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作；
接收由所述远程设备的数字助理生成的文本输入；以及
响应于接收到所述文本输入：
由所述电子设备的数字助理生成所述文本输入的释义，其中所述释义是从所述电子设备的数字助理的角度来措辞表达的；以及
在所述显示器上将所述释义显示为在所述GUI中的第三消息，而不显示所述文本输入。
14.根据权利要求13所述的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
从所述远程设备的所述用户接收寻址到所述数字助理的第二用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第二用户输入，来将所述第二用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第三消息；
致使根据从所述第二用户输入和所述用户意图得出的第二用户意图来执行第二动作；以及
将第二响应显示为所述GUI中的第四消息，所述第二响应基于所述第二动作。
15.根据权利要求14所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述第二用户意图包括细化所述用户意图。
16.根据权利要求14所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述用户意图和所述第二用户意图两者包括相同域，并且其中所述第二用户意图包括所述用户意图不包括的参数。
17.根据权利要求14所述的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
将所述第二响应传输到所述远程设备；以及
致使所述第二响应在所述远程设备的GUI中显示。
18.根据权利要求13所述的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
确定所述第一用户输入是否包括预先确定的触发短语以调用所述数字助理，其中响应于确定所述第一用户输入包括预先确定的触发短语，执行致使所述动作被执行并且将所述响应显示为所述第二消息。
19.根据权利要求13所述的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
从所述远程设备的数字助理接收输入；以及
响应于接收到所述输入，来将所述输入显示为所述GUI中的第五消息。
20.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
在所述GUI中显示由所述远程设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的内容的指示。
21.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
响应于从所述远程设备的所述数字助理接收到所述输入，致使所述电子设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的内容，其中所述第五消息的所述内容包括来自所述远程设备的所述数字助理的所述输入；以及
在所述GUI中显示由所述电子设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的所述内容的指示。
22.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
响应于从所述远程设备的所述数字助理接收到所述输入：
致使根据从来自所述远程设备的所述数字助理的所述输入得出的第三用户意图来执行第三动作；以及
将第三响应显示为所述GUI中的第六消息，所述第三响应基于所述第三动作。
23.根据权利要求13所述的计算机可读介质，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
将所述响应传输到所述远程设备；以及
致使所述响应在所述远程设备的GUI中显示。
24.根据权利要求13所述的计算机可读介质，其中响应于接收到所述第一用户输入而自动执行致使所述动作被执行并显示所述响应，无需另外的人为干预。
25.一种电子设备，包括：
显示器；
处理器；以及
在其上存储有指令的存储器，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器执行：
在具有所述显示器、所述处理器和所述存储器的所述电子设备处：
在所述显示器上显示具有所述电子设备的用户与远程设备的用户之间的多个先前消息的图形用户界面GUI，所述多个先前消息在会话视图中呈现；
从所述电子设备的所述用户接收寻址到数字助理的第一用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第一用户输入，来将所述第一用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第一消息；
致使根据从所述第一用户输入得出的用户意图来执行动作；
将响应显示为所述GUI中的第二消息，所述响应基于所述动作；
接收由所述远程设备的数字助理生成的文本输入；以及
响应于接收到所述文本输入：
由所述电子设备的数字助理生成所述文本输入的释义，其中所述释义是从所述电子设备的数字助理的角度来措辞表达的；以及
在所述显示器上将所述释义显示为在所述GUI中的第三消息，而不显示所述文本输入。
26.根据权利要求25所述的电子设备，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
从所述远程设备的所述用户接收寻址到所述数字助理的第二用户输入；
响应于接收到所述第二用户输入，来将所述第二用户输入显示为所述GUI中的第三消息；
致使根据从所述第二用户输入和所述用户意图得出的第二用户意图来执行第二动作；以及
将第二响应显示为所述GUI中的第四消息，所述第二响应基于所述第二动作。
27.根据权利要求26所述的电子设备，其中所述第二用户意图包括细化所述用户意图。
28.根据权利要求26所述的电子设备，其中所述用户意图和所述第二用户意图两者包括相同域，并且其中所述第二用户意图包括所述用户意图不包括的参数。
29.根据权利要求26所述的电子设备，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
将所述第二响应传输到所述远程设备；以及
致使所述第二响应在所述远程设备的GUI中显示。
30.根据权利要求25所述的电子设备，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
确定所述第一用户输入是否包括预先确定的触发短语以调用所述数字助理，其中响应于确定所述第一用户输入包括预先确定的触发短语，执行致使所述动作被执行并且将所述响应显示为所述第二消息。
31.根据权利要求25所述的电子设备，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
从所述远程设备的数字助理接收输入；以及
响应于接收到所述输入，来将所述输入显示为所述GUI中的第五消息。
32.根据权利要求31所述的电子设备，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
在所述GUI中显示由所述远程设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的内容的指示。
33.根据权利要求31所述的电子设备，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
响应于从所述远程设备的所述数字助理接收到所述输入，致使所述电子设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的内容，其中所述第五消息的所述内容包括来自所述远程设备的所述数字助理的所述输入；以及
在所述GUI中显示由所述电子设备的所述数字助理生成所述第五消息的所述内容的指示。
34.根据权利要求31所述的电子设备，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
响应于从所述远程设备的所述数字助理接收到所述输入：
致使根据从来自所述远程设备的所述数字助理的所述输入得出的第三用户意图来执行第三动作；以及
将第三响应显示为所述GUI中的第六消息，所述第三响应基于所述第三动作。
35.根据权利要求25所述的电子设备，所述指令当由所述处理器执行时致使所述处理器还执行：
将所述响应传输到所述远程设备；以及
致使所述响应在所述远程设备的GUI中显示。
36.根据权利要求25所述的电子设备，其中响应于接收到所述第一用户输入而自动执行致使所述动作被执行并显示所述响应，无需另外的人为干预。
37.一种设备，包括用于执行根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法的装置。
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