CN112567332A - 语音命令的多模态输入 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于操作智能自动化助理的系统和过程。在一个示例性过程中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入。确定与该示能表示相关联的域。接收包括用户语音的第二输入，其中基于该域和该用户语音来确定用户意图。确定该用户意图是否包括与该示能表示相关联的命令。根据确定该用户意图包括与该示能表示相关联的命令，执行推进该命令的任务。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2018年9月28日提交的名称为“Multi-Modal Inputs for VoiceCommands”的美国临时申请62/739020号和2018年12月26日提交的名称为“Multi-ModalInputs for Voice Commands”的美国申请16/232855号的优先权，这两份申请中的每个申请的公开内容据此全文以引用方式并入以用于所有目的。
技术领域
本申请整体涉及智能自动化助理，更具体地讲，涉及语音命令的多模式输入。
背景技术
智能自动化助理或数字助理在人类用户与电子设备之间提供有利界面。常规数字助理可接收来自用户的语音命令并且处理该命令以执行一个或多个任务。然而，常规数字助理在最终执行期望的任务方面存在困难。某些任务可能固有地难以单独基于语音输入来执行，诸如需要指定一组精确参数或关键词的任务。此外，自然语言语音输入通常包括歧义术语，并且常规数字助理可能无法确定这些术语中的一个或多个术语的含义。基于非语音输入来执行期望的任务可显示出既麻烦且低效，诸如在显示屏上使用手指手势或者与物理控件进行交互。此类问题随着智能设备的复杂度增加并且考虑到用户的不同体验水平而加剧。例如，数字助理对于新手用户而言可能尤其难以应对。因此，需要一种包括语音命令的多模态输入的系统。
发明内容
本发明提供了包括语音命令的多模态输入的系统和过程。在一个示例性过程中，在电子设备处，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入。确定与该示能表示相关联的域。接收包括用户语音的第二输入。基于域和用户语音来确定用户意图。确定该用户意图是否包括与该示能表示相关联的命令。根据确定该用户意图包括与该示能表示相关联的命令，执行推进该命令的任务。
附图说明
图1为示出了根据各种示例的用于实现数字助理的系统和环境的框图。
图2A为示出了根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备的框图。
图2B为示出了根据各种示例的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。
图3示出了根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备。
图4为根据各种示例的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。
图5A示出了根据各种示例的便携式多功能设备上的应用程序的菜单的示例性用户界面。
图5B示出了根据各种示例的具有与显示器分开的触敏表面的多功能设备的示例性用户界面。
图6A示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备。
图6B为示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备的框图。
图7A为示出了根据各种示例的数字助理系统或其服务器部分的框图。
图7B示出了根据各种示例的在图7A中所示的数字助理的功能。
图7C示出了根据各种示例的知识本体的一部分。
图8A至图8D示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图9示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图10示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图11示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图12示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图13示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图14A至图14B示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图15A至图15B示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图16示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图17示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
图18示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。
具体实施方式
在以下对示例的描述中将引用附图，在附图中以例示的方式示出了可被实施的特定示例。应当理解，在不脱离各个示例的范围的情况下，可使用其他示例并且可作出结构性改变。
常规设备通常在执行期望的任务方面存在困难。当任务变得更复杂时，此类问题很复杂。执行某些任务可能需要许多精确的步骤，并且通过常规方式完成这些步骤通常是具有挑战性的过程。例如，用于更改日历应用程序内的会议的日期和时间的任务可能需要许多单独的步骤，诸如打开日历应用程序、选择适当的日期、查找事件，等等。这些步骤可能是耗时且令人困惑的，尤其是对于经验不足的用户。基于语音命令完成此类任务同样具有挑战性。例如，许多用户可能不熟悉语音界面，并且经验丰富的用户在数字助理无法基于歧义自然语言输入来确定用户意图时仍可能面临问题。因此，设备无法执行期望的任务导致用户体验不佳。
根据本文所述的一些系统、计算机可读介质和过程，通过为语音命令提供多模态输入来改善任务执行。在一个示例性过程中，接收第一输入，包括对显示在设备上的示能表示的激活。例如，用户可经由触摸输入来激活设备home屏幕上的应用程序。确定与示能表示相关联的域，诸如在地图应用程序的情况下的地理域。接收包括用户语音的第二输入，并且基于语音和所确定的域来确定用户意图。语音输入可包括与示能表示相关联的命令，诸如输入“查找最近的意大利餐厅”。根据确定用户意图包括与激活的示能表示相关联的命令，执行推进该命令的任务。
尽管以下描述使用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种元件，但这些元件不应受术语的限制。这些术语只是用于将一个元件与另一元件区分开。例如，在不脱离各种所述示例的范围的情况下，第一输入可被称为第二输入，并且类似地，第二输入可被称为第一输入。第一输入和第二输入均为输入，并且在一些情况下为独立且不同的输入。
在本文中对各种所述示例的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定示例的目的，而并非旨在进行限制。如在对各种所述示例的描述和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数形式“一个(“a”，“an”)”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确地指示。还将理解的是，本文中所使用的术语“和/或”是指并且涵盖相关联的所列出的项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和全部可能的组合。还将理解的是，术语“包括”(“includes”、“including”、“comprises”和/或“comprising”)在本说明书中使用时是指定存在所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其分组。
根据上下文，术语“如果”可被解释为意指“当…时”(“when”或“upon”)或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“如果确定…”或“如果检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”可被解释为意指“在确定…时”或“响应于确定…”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
1.系统和环境
图1示出了根据各种示例的系统100的框图。在一些示例中，系统100实现数字助理。术语“数字助理”、“虚拟助理”、“智能自动化助理”或“自动数字助理”是指解译口头形式和/或文本形式的自然语言输入来推断用户意图并且基于推断出的用户意图来执行动作的任何信息处理系统。例如，为了作用于推断出的用户意图，系统执行下述步骤中的一个或多个：识别具有设计用于实现推断出的用户意图的步骤和参数的任务流，根据推断出的用户意图将特定要求输入到任务流中；通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等执行任务流；以及以可听(例如，语音)和/或可视形式来生成对用户的输出响应。
具体地，数字助理能够接受至少部分地为自然语言命令、请求、声明、讲述和/或询问的形式的用户请求。通常，用户请求寻求数字助理作出信息性回答或执行任务。对用户请求的令人满意的响应包括提供所请求的信息性回答、执行所请求的任务或这两者的组合。例如，用户向数字助理提出问题，诸如“我现在在哪里？”。基于用户的当前位置，数字助理回答“你在中央公园西门附近。”用户还请求执行任务，例如“请邀请我的朋友们下周来参加我女朋友的生日聚会。”作为响应，数字助理可通过讲出“好的，马上”来确认请求，然后代表用户将合适的日历邀请发送到用户电子通讯录中列出的用户朋友中的每位朋友。在执行所请求的任务期间，数字助理有时在很长时间段内在涉及多次信息交换的持续对话中与用户进行交互。存在与数字助理进行交互以请求信息或执行各种任务的许多其他方法。除提供言语响应并采取经编程的动作之外，数字助理还提供其他视频或音频形式的响应，例如作为文本、警报、音乐、视频、动画等。
如图1所示，在一些示例中，数字助理根据客户端-服务器模型来实现。数字助理包括在用户设备104上执行的客户端侧部分102(后文称作“DA客户端102”)以及在服务器系统108上执行的服务器侧部分106(后文称作“DA服务器106”)。DA客户端102通过一个或多个网络110与DA服务器106通信。DA客户端102提供客户端侧功能，诸如面向用户的输入和输出处理，以及与DA服务器106通信。DA服务器106为各自位于相应用户设备104上的任意数量的DA客户端102提供服务器侧功能。
在一些示例中，DA服务器106包括面向客户端的I/O接口112、一个或多个处理模块114、数据与模型116，以及到外部服务的I/O接口118。面向客户端的I/O接口112有利于DA服务器106的面向客户端的输入和输出处理。一个或多个处理模块114利用数据与模型116来处理语音输入，并基于自然语言输入来确定用户意图。此外，一个或多个处理模块114基于推断出的用户意图来执行任务执行。在一些示例中，DA服务器106通过一个或多个网络110与外部服务120通信以完成任务或采集信息。到外部服务的I/O接口118有利于此类通信。
用户设备104可以是任何合适的电子设备。在一些示例中，用户设备104是便携式多功能设备(例如，下文参考图2A所述的设备200)、多功能设备(例如，下文参考图4所述的设备400)或个人电子设备(例如，下文参考图6A至图6B所述的设备600)。便携式多功能设备为例如还包含其他功能诸如PDA和/或音乐播放器功能的移动电话。便携式多功能设备的特定示例包括来自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的Apple
iPod
和
设备。便携式多功能设备的其他示例包括但不限于耳塞式耳机/头戴式耳机、扬声器以及膝上型电脑或平板电脑。此外，在一些示例中，用户设备104是非便携式多功能设备。具体地，用户设备104是台式计算机、游戏机、扬声器、电视或电视机顶盒。在一些示例中，用户设备104包括触敏表面(例如，触摸屏显示器和/或触控板)。此外，用户设备104任选地包括一个或多个其他物理用户接口设备，诸如物理键盘、鼠标和/或操纵杆。下文更详细地描述了电子设备诸如多功能设备的各种示例。
一个或多个通信网络110的示例包括局域网(LAN)和广域网(WAN)，例如互联网。一个或多个通信网络110使用任何已知的网络协议来实现，包括各种有线或无线协议，诸如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、FIREWIRE、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX或任何其他合适的通信协议。
服务器系统108在一个或多个独立式数据处理设备或分布式计算机网络上实现。在一些示例中，服务器系统108还采用第三方服务提供方(例如，第三方云服务提供方)的各种虚拟设备和/或服务来提供服务器系统108的潜在计算资源和/或基础结构资源。
在一些示例中，用户设备104经由第二用户设备122与DA服务器106通信。第二用户设备122与用户设备104相似或相同。例如，第二用户设备122类似于下文参考图2A、图4和图6A至图6B所述的设备200、400或600。用户设备104被配置为经由直接通信连接(诸如蓝牙、NFC、BTLE等)或者经由有线或无线网络(诸如局域Wi-Fi网络)而被通信地耦接到第二用户设备122。在一些示例中，第二用户设备122被配置为充当用户设备104与DA服务器106之间的代理。例如，用户设备104的DA客户端102被配置为经由第二用户设备122向DA服务器106传输信息(例如，在用户设备104处接收的用户请求)。DA服务器106处理该信息，并经由第二用户设备122将相关数据(例如，响应于用户请求的数据内容)返回到用户设备104。
在一些示例中，用户设备104被配置为将针对数据的缩略请求发送到第二用户设备122，以减少从用户设备104传输的信息量。第二用户设备122被配置为确定添加到缩略请求的补充信息，以生成完整的请求来传输到DA服务器106。该系统架构可有利地通过使用具有较强通信能力和/或电池电力的第二用户设备122(例如，移动电话、膝上型计算机、平板电脑等)作为到DA服务器106的代理，允许具有有限通信能力和/或有限电池电力的用户设备104(例如，手表或类似的紧凑型电子设备)访问DA服务器106提供的服务。虽然图1中仅示出两个用户设备104和122，但应当理解，在一些示例中，系统100可包括在此代理配置中被配置为与DA服务器系统106通信的任意数量和类型的用户设备。
虽然图1中所示的数字助理包括客户端侧部分(例如，DA客户端102)和服务器侧部分(例如，DA服务器106)两者，但在一些示例中，数字助理的功能被实现为被安装在用户设备上的独立式应用程序。此外，数字助理的客户端部分与服务器部分之间的功能划分在不同的具体实施中可变化。例如，在一些示例中，DA客户端为仅提供面向用户的输入和输出处理功能并将数字助理的所有其他功能委派给后端服务器的瘦客户端。
2.电子设备
现在将注意力转至用于实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的电子设备的实施方案。图2A是示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触敏显示器系统212的便携式多功能设备200的框图。触敏显示器212有时为了方便被叫做“触摸屏”，并且有时被称为或被叫做“触敏显示器系统”。设备200包括存储器202(其任选地包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质)、存储器控制器222、一个或多个处理单元(CPU)220、外围设备接口218、RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、输入/输出(I/O)子系统206、其他输入控制设备216和外部端口224。设备200任选地包括一个或多个光学传感器264。设备200任选地包括用于检测设备200(例如设备200的触敏表面诸如触敏显示器系统212)上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265。设备200任选地包括用于在设备200上生成触觉输出(例如，在触敏表面诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212或设备400的触控板455上生成触觉输出)的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。这些部件任选地通过一个或多个通信总线或信号线203进行通信。
如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语触敏表面上的接触的“强度”是指触敏表面上的接触(例如，手指接触)的力或压力(每单位面积的力)，或是指触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物(代用物)。接触的强度具有值范围，该值范围包括至少四个不同的值并且更典型地包括上百个不同的值(例如，至少256个)。接触的强度任选地使用各种方法和各种传感器或传感器的组合来确定(或测量)。例如，在触敏表面下方或相邻于触敏表面的一个或多个力传感器任选地用于测量触敏表面上的不同点处的力。在一些具体实施中，来自多个力传感器的力测量值被组合(例如，加权平均)以确定所估计的接触力。类似地，触笔的压敏顶端任选地用于确定触笔在触敏表面上的压力。另选地，在触敏表面上检测到的接触区域的大小和/或其变化、接触附近的触敏表面的电容和/或其变化以及/或者接触附近的触敏表面的电阻和/或其变化任选地被用作触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代物测量直接用于确定是否已经超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值以对应于替代物测量的单位来描述)。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代物测量被转换成估计的力或压力，并且估计的力或压力用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值是以压力的单位进行测量的压力阈值)。使用接触的强度作为用户输入的属性，从而允许用户访问用户在实地面积有限的尺寸更小的设备上本来不可访问的附加设备功能，该尺寸更小的设备用于(例如，在触敏显示器上)显示示能表示和/或接收用户输入(例如，经由触敏显示器、触敏表面或物理控件/机械控件，诸如旋钮或按钮)。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语“触觉输出”是指将由用户利用用户的触感检测到的设备相对于设备的先前位置的物理位移、设备的部件(例如，触敏表面)相对于设备的另一个部件(例如，外壳)的物理位移、或部件相对于设备的质心的位移。例如，在设备或设备的部件与用户对触摸敏感的表面(例如，手指、手掌或用户手部的其他部分)接触的情况下，通过物理位移生成的触觉输出将由用户解释为触感，该触感对应于设备或设备的部件的物理特征的所感知的变化。例如，触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器或触控板)的移动任选地由用户解释为对物理致动按钮的“按下点击”或“松开点击”。在一些情况下，用户将感觉到触感，诸如“按下点击”或“松开点击”，即使在通过用户的移动而物理地被按压(例如，被移位)的与触敏表面相关联的物理致动按钮没有移动时。又如，即使在触敏表面的光滑度无变化时，触敏表面的移动也会任选地由用户解释或感测为触敏表面的“粗糙度”。虽然用户对触摸的此类解释将受到用户的个体化感官知觉的限制，但是对触摸的许多感官知觉是大多数用户共有的。因此，当触觉输出被描述为对应于用户的特定感官知觉(例如，“按下点击”、“松开点击”、“粗糙度”)时，除非另外陈述，否则所生成的触觉输出对应于设备或其部件的物理位移，该物理位移将会生成典型(或普通)用户的所述感官知觉。
应当理解，设备200仅是便携式多功能设备的一个示例，并且设备200任选地具有比所示出的更多或更少的部件，任选地组合两个或更多个部件，或者任选地具有这些部件的不同配置或布置。图2A中所示的各种部件以硬件、软件、或硬件与软件两者的组合来实现，包括一个或多个信号处理和/或特定于应用程序的集成电路。
存储器202包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质。这些计算机可读存储介质例如为有形的和非暂态的。存储器202包括高速随机存取存储器，并且还包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储器设备。存储器控制器222控制设备200的其他部件访问存储器202。
在一些示例中，存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质用于存储指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程的各方面)以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备取出指令并执行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合使用。在其他示例中，指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程的各方面)存储在服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质(未示出)上，或在存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质与服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质之间划分。
外围设备接口218用于将设备的输入和输出外围设备耦接到CPU 220和存储器202。一个或多个处理器220运行或执行存储器202中所存储的各种软件程序和/或指令集以执行设备200的各种功能并处理数据。在一些实施方案中，外围设备接口218、CPU 220和存储器控制器222在单个芯片诸如芯片204上实现。在一些其他实施方案中，它们在独立的芯片上实现。
RF(射频)电路208接收和发送也被称作电磁信号的RF信号。RF电路208将电信号转换为电磁信号/将电磁信号转换为电信号，并且经由电磁信号与通信网络及其他通信设备进行通信。RF电路208任选地包括用于执行这些功能的熟知的电路，包括但不限于天线系统、RF收发器、一个或多个放大器、调谐器、一个或多个振荡器、数字信号处理器、编解码芯片组、用户身份模块(SIM)卡、存储器等等。RF电路208任选地通过无线通信来与网络和其他设备进行通信，这些网络为诸如互联网(也被称为万维网(WWW))、内联网和/或无线网络(诸如，蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN))。RF电路208任选地包括用于诸如通过近程通信无线电部件来检测近场通信(NFC)场的熟知的电路。无线通信任选地使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，包括但不限于全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、高速下行链路分组接入(HSDPA)、高速上行链路分组接入(HSUPA)、演进、纯数据(EV-DO)、HSPA、HSPA+、双小区HSPA(DC-HSPDA)、长期演进(LTE)、近场通信(NFC)、宽带码分多址(W-CDMA)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、蓝牙低功耗(BTLE)、无线保真(Wi-Fi)(例如，IEEE 802.11a、IEEE 802.11b、IEEE 802.11g、IEEE 802.11n和/或IEEE802.11ac)、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、电子邮件协议(例如，互联网消息访问协议(IMAP)和/或邮局协议(POP))、即时消息(例如，可扩展消息处理和存在协议(XMPP)、用于即时消息和存在利用扩展的会话发起协议(SIMPLE)、即时消息和存在服务(IMPS))和/或短消息服务(SMS)，或者任何其他适当的通信协议，包括在本文档提交日期时尚未开发出的通信协议。
音频电路210、扬声器211和麦克风213提供用户与设备200之间的音频接口。音频电路210从外围设备接口218接收音频数据，将音频数据转换为电信号，并将电信号传输到扬声器211。扬声器211将电信号转换为人类可听到的声波。音频电路210还接收由麦克风213从声波转换的电信号。音频电路210将电信号转换为音频数据，并且将音频数据传输到外围设备接口218以用于处理。音频数据通过外围设备接口218检索自和/或传输至存储器202和/或RF电路208。在一些实施方案中，音频电路210还包括耳麦插孔(例如，图3中的312)。该耳麦插孔提供音频电路210与可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备之间的接口，该可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备诸如仅输出的耳机或者具有输出(例如，单耳耳机或双耳耳机)和输入(例如，麦克风)两者的耳麦。
I/O子系统206将设备200上的输入/输出外围设备诸如触摸屏212和其他输入控制设备216耦接到外围设备接口218。I/O子系统206任选地包括显示控制器256、光学传感器控制器258、强度传感器控制器259、触觉反馈控制器261，以及用于其他输入或控制设备的一个或多个输入控制器260。一个或多个输入控制器260从其他输入控制设备216接收电信号/将电信号发送到其他输入控制设备。其他输入控制设备216任选地包括物理按钮(例如，下压按钮、摇臂按钮等)、拨号盘、滑动开关、操纵杆、点击轮等。在一些另选实施方案中，输入控制器260任选地耦接至以下各项中的任一者(或不耦接至以下各项中的任一者)：键盘、红外线端口、USB端口以及指向设备诸如鼠标。一个或多个按钮(例如，图3中的308)任选地包括用于扬声器211和/或麦克风213的音量控制的增大/减小按钮。一个或多个按钮任选地包括下压按钮(例如，图3中的306)。
快速按下下压按钮会脱离触摸屏212的锁定或者开始使用触摸屏上的手势来对设备进行解锁的过程，如在2005年12月23日提交的名称为“Unlocking a Device byPerforming Gestures on an Unlock Image”的美国专利7657849号的美国专利申请11/322549中所述，该美国专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。较长地按下下压按钮(例如，306)使设备200开机或关机。用户能够自定义一个或多个按钮的功能。触摸屏212用于实现虚拟按钮或软按钮以及一个或多个软键盘。
触敏显示器212提供设备和用户之间的输入接口和输出接口。显示控制器256从触摸屏212接收电信号和/或将电信号发送至触摸屏212。触摸屏212向用户显示视觉输出。视觉输出包括图形、文本、图标、视频及其任何组合(统称为“图形”)。在一些实施方案中，一些视觉输出或全部视觉输出对应于用户界面对象。
触摸屏212具有基于触觉和/或触感接触来接受来自用户的输入的触敏表面、传感器或传感器组。触摸屏212和显示控制器256(与存储器202中的任何相关联的模块和/或指令集一起)检测触摸屏212上的接触(和该接触的任何移动或中断)，并且将所检测到的接触转换为与被显示在触摸屏212上的用户界面对象(例如，一个或多个软键、图标、网页或图像)的交互。在示例性实施方案中，触摸屏212与用户之间的接触点对应于用户的手指。
触摸屏212使用LCD(液晶显示器)技术、LPD(发光聚合物显示器)技术或LED(发光二极管)技术，但在其他实施方案中可使用其他显示技术。触摸屏212和显示控制器256使用目前已知或以后将开发的多种触摸感测技术中的任何技术，以及其他接近传感器阵列或用于确定与触摸屏212接触的一个或多个点的其他元件来检测接触及其任何移动或中断，所述多种触摸感测技术包括但不限于电容式、电阻式、红外和表面声波技术。在示例性实施方案中，使用投射式互电容感测技术，诸如在来自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的
和iPod
中使用的技术。
在一些实施方案中，触摸屏212的触敏显示器类似于以下美国专利：6,323,846(Westerman等人)、6,570,557(Westerman等人)和/或6,677,932(Westerman)和/或美国专利公开2002/0015024A1中所述的多点触敏触控板，这些专利申请均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。然而，触摸屏212显示来自设备200的视觉输出，而触敏触控板不提供视觉输出。
在一些实施方案中，触摸屏212的触敏显示器如以下申请所述：(1)2006年5月2日提交的名称为“Multipoint Touch Surface Controller”的美国专利申请11/381313号；(2)2004年5月6日提交的名称为“Multipoint Touchscreen”的美国专利申请10/840862号；(3)2004年7月30日提交的名称为“Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请10/903964号；(4)2005年1月31日提交的名称为“Gestures For TouchSensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请11/048264号；(5)2005年1月18日提交的名称为“Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请11/038590号；(6)2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Virtual Input DevicePlacement On A Touch Screen User Interface”的美国专利申请11/228758；(7)2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface”的美国专利申请11/228700；(8)2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Activating Virtual Keys Of ATouch-Screen Virtual Keyboard”的美国专利申请11/228737；以及(9)2006年3月3日提交的名称为“Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device”的美国专利申请11/367749号。所有这些申请全文以引用方式并入本文。
触摸屏212例如具有超过100dpi的视频分辨率。在一些实施方案中，触摸屏具有约160dpi的视频分辨率。用户使用任何合适的对象或附加物诸如触笔、手指等与触摸屏212进行接触。在一些实施方案中，将用户界面设计为主要通过基于手指的接触和手势来工作，由于手指在触摸屏上的接触区域较大，因此这可能不如基于触笔的输入精确。在一些实施方案中，设备将基于手指的粗略输入转化为精确的指针/光标位置或命令以用于执行用户所期望的动作。
在一些实施方案中，除了触摸屏之外，设备200还包括用于激活或去激活特定功能的触控板(未示出)。在一些实施方案中，触控板是设备的触敏区域，与触摸屏不同，该触敏区域不显示视觉输出。触控板是与触摸屏212分开的触敏表面，或者是由触摸屏形成的触敏表面的延伸。
设备200还包括用于为各种部件供电的电力系统262。电力系统262包括电力管理系统、一个或多个电源(例如，电池、交流电(AC))、再充电系统、电力故障检测电路、功率转换器或逆变器、电力状态指示器(例如，发光二极管(LED))和与便携式设备中电力的生成、管理和分配相关联的任何其他部件。
设备200还包括一个或多个光学传感器264。图2A示出了耦接到I/O子系统206中的光学传感器控制器258的光学传感器。光学传感器264包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)光电晶体管。光学传感器264从环境接收通过一个或多个透镜而投射的光，并且将光转换为表示图像的数据。结合成像模块243(也叫做相机模块)，光学传感器264捕获静态图像或视频。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备200的后部，与设备前部的触摸屏显示器212相背对，使得触摸屏显示器被用作用于静态图像和/或视频图像采集的取景器。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备的前部，使得在用户在触摸屏显示器上查看其他视频会议参与者的同时获取该用户的图像以用于视频会议。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器264的位置可由用户改变(例如，通过旋转设备外壳中的透镜和传感器)，使得单个光学传感器264与触摸屏显示器一起使用，以用于视频会议和静态图像和/或视频图像采集两者。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个接触强度传感器265。图2A示出了耦接到I/O子系统206中的强度传感器控制器259的接触强度传感器。接触强度传感器265任选地包括一个或多个压阻应变仪、电容式力传感器、电气力传感器、压电力传感器、光学力传感器、电容式触敏表面或其他强度传感器(例如，用于测量触敏表面上的接触的力(或压力)的传感器)。接触强度传感器265从环境接收接触强度信息(例如，压力信息或压力信息的代用物)。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器位于设备200的后部上，与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对。
设备200还包括一个或多个接近传感器266。图2A示出了耦接到外围设备接口218的接近传感器266。另选地，接近传感器266耦接到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。接近传感器266如以下美国专利申请中所述的那样执行：11/241839号，名称为“ProximityDetector In Handheld Device”；No.11/240,788，名称为“Proximity Detector InHandheld Device”；No.11/620,702，名称为“Using Ambient Light Sensor To AugmentProximity Sensor Output”；No.11/586,862，名称为“Automated Response To AndSensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”；以及No.11/638,251，名称为“Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals”，这些美国专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，当多功能设备被置于用户的耳朵附近时(例如，当用户正在进行电话呼叫时)，接近传感器关闭并且禁用触摸屏212。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。图2A示出了耦接到I/O子系统206中的触觉反馈控制器261的触觉输出发生器。触觉输出发生器267任选地包括一个或多个电声设备诸如扬声器或其他音频部件；和/或用于将能量转换成线性运动的机电设备诸如电机、螺线管、电活性聚合器、压电致动器、静电致动器或其他触觉输出生成部件(例如，用于将电信号转换成设备上的触觉输出的部件)。接触强度传感器265从触觉反馈模块233接收触觉反馈生成指令，并且在设备200上生成能够由设备200的用户感觉到的触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近，并且任选地通过竖直地(例如，向设备200的表面内/外)或侧向地(例如，在与设备200的表面相同的平面中向后和向前)移动触敏表面来生成触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器传感器位于设备200的后部上，与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对。
设备200还包括一个或多个加速度计268。图2A示出了耦接到外围设备接口218的加速度计268。另选地，加速度计268耦接至I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。加速度计268如以下美国专利公开中所述那样执行：美国专利公开20050190059号，“Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices”和美国专利公开20060017692号，“Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device BasedOn An Accelerometer”，这两个美国专利公开全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，基于对从一个或多个加速度计接收的数据的分析来在触摸屏显示器上以纵向视图或横向视图显示信息。设备200任选地除了一个或多个加速度计268之外还包括磁力仪(未示出)和GPS(或GLONASS或其他全球导航系统)接收器(未示出)，以用于获取关于设备200的位置和取向(例如，纵向或横向)的信息。
在一些实施方案中，存储于存储器202中的软件部件包括操作系统226、通信模块(或指令集)228、接触/运动模块(或指令集)230、图形模块(或指令集)232、文本输入模块(或指令集)234、全球定位系统(GPS)模块(或指令集)235、数字助理客户端模块229以及应用程序(或指令集)236。此外，存储器202存储数据与模型，诸如用户数据与模型231。此外，在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或470(图4)存储设备/全局内部状态257，如图2A和图4中所示。设备/全局内部状态257包括以下中的一者或多者：活动应用程序状态，其指示哪些应用程序(如果有的话)当前是活动的；显示状态，其指示什么应用程序、视图或其他信息占据触摸屏显示器212的各个区域；传感器状态，包括从设备的各个传感器和输入控制设备216获取的信息；以及关于设备的位置和/或姿态的位置信息。
操作系统226(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、iOS、WINDOWS、或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、电源管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动程序，并且促进各种硬件部件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块228便于通过一个或多个外部端口224来与其他设备进行通信，并且还包括用于处理由RF电路208和/或外部端口224所接收的数据的各种软件组件。外部端口224(例如，通用串行总线(USB)、火线等)适于直接耦接到其他设备，或间接地通过网络(例如，互联网、无线LAN等)进行耦接。在一些实施方案中，外部端口是与
(Apple Inc.的商标)设备上所使用的30针连接器相同的或类似的和/或与其兼容的多针(例如，30针)连接器。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测与触摸屏212(结合显示控制器256)和其他触敏设备(例如，触控板或物理点击式转盘)的接触。接触/运动模块230包括各种软件部件以用于执行与接触检测相关的各种操作，诸如确定是否已发生接触(例如，检测手指按下事件)、确定接触强度(例如，接触的力或压力，或者接触的力或压力的替代物)、确定是否存在接触的移动并跟踪在触敏表面上的移动(例如，检测一个或多个手指拖动事件)，以及确定接触是否已停止(例如，检测手指抬起事件或接触断开)。接触/运动模块230从触敏表面接收接触数据。确定接触点的移动任选地包括确定接触点的速率(量值)、速度(量值和方向)和/或加速度(量值和/或方向的改变)，所述接触点的移动由一系列接触数据表示。这些操作任选地被应用于单点接触(例如，单指接触)或者多点同时接触(例如，“多点触摸”/多个手指接触)。在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230和显示控制器256检测触控板上的接触。
在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230使用一组一个或多个强度阈值来确定操作是否已由用户执行(例如，确定用户是否已“点击”图标)。在一些实施方案中，根据软件参数来确定强度阈值的至少一个子集(例如，强度阈值不是由具体物理致动器的激活阈值来确定的，并且可在不改变设备200的物理硬件的情况下被调节)。例如，在不改变触控板或触摸屏显示器硬件的情况下，触控板或触摸屏的鼠标“点击”阈值可被设定成预定义的阈值的大范围中的任一个阈值。另外，在一些具体实施中，向设备的用户提供用于调节一组强度阈值中的一个或多个强度阈值(例如，通过调节各个强度阈值和/或通过利用对“强度”参数的系统级点击来一次调节多个强度阈值)的软件设置。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测用户的手势输入。触敏表面上的不同手势具有不同的接触模式(例如，所检测到的接触的不同运动、计时和/或强度)。因此，任选地通过检测特定接触模式来检测手势。例如，检测手指轻击手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后在与手指按下事件相同的位置(或基本上相同的位置)处(例如，在图标的位置处)检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。作为另一个示例，在触敏表面上检测手指轻扫手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后检测一个或多个手指拖动事件，并且随后检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。
图形模块232包括用于在触摸屏212或其他显示器上呈现和显示图形的各种已知的软件部件，包括用于改变所显示的图形的视觉冲击(例如，亮度、透明度、饱和度、对比度或其他视觉特征)的部件。如本文所用，术语“图形”包括可被显示给用户的任何对象，非限制性地包括文本、网页、图标(诸如，包括软键的用户界面对象)、数字图像、视频、动画等。
在一些实施方案中，图形模块232存储表示待使用的图形的数据。每个图形任选地被分配有对应的代码。图形模块232从应用程序等接收指定待显示的图形的一个或多个代码，在必要的情况下还一起接收坐标数据和其他图形属性数据，并且然后生成屏幕图像数据，以输出至显示控制器256。
触觉反馈模块233包括用于生成指令的各种软件部件，该指令由一个或多个触觉输出发生器267使用，以便响应于用户与设备200的交互而在设备200上的一个或多个位置处产生触觉输出。
在一些示例中作为图形模块232的部件的文本输入模块234提供用于在各种应用程序(例如，联系人237、电子邮件240、IM 241、浏览器247和需要文本输入的任何其他应用程序)中输入文本的软键盘。
GPS模块235确定设备的位置，并提供该信息以供在各种应用程序中使用(例如提供给电话238以供在基于位置的拨号中使用；提供给相机243作为图片/视频元数据；以及提供给提供基于位置的服务的应用，诸如天气桌面小程序、本地黄页桌面小程序和地图/导航桌面小程序)。
数字助理客户端模块229包括各种客户端侧数字助理指令，以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。例如，数字助理客户端模块229能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种用户接口(例如，麦克风213、加速度计268、触敏显示器系统212、光学传感器229、其他输入控制设备216等)接受声音输入(例如，语音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入和/或手势输入。数字助理客户端模块229还能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种输出接口(例如，扬声器211、触敏显示器系统212、一个或多个触觉输出生成器267等)提供音频形式的输出(例如，语音输出)、视觉形式的输出和/或触觉形式的输出。例如，将输出提供为语音、声音、警报、文本消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动和/或以上两者或更多者的组合。在操作期间，数字助理客户端模块229使用RF电路208与DA服务器106通信。
用户数据与模型231包括与用户相关联的各种数据(例如，用户特定的词汇数据、用户偏好数据、用户指定的名称发音、来自用户电子地址簿的数据、待办事项、购物清单等)以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。此外，用户数据与模型231包括用于处理用户输入并且确定用户意图的各种模型(例如，语音识别模型、统计语言模型、自然语言处理模型、知识本体、任务流模型、服务模型等)。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229利用便携式多功能设备200的各种传感器、子系统和外围设备来从便携式多功能设备200的周围环境采集附加信息，以建立与用户、当前用户交互和/或当前用户输入相关联的上下文。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229将上下文信息或其子集与用户输入一起提供至DA服务器106以帮助推断用户意图。在一些示例中，数字助理还使用上下文信息来确定如何准备输出并将其传送给用户。上下文信息被称为上下文数据。
在一些示例中，伴随用户输入的上下文信息包括传感器信息，例如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频等。在一些示例中，上下文信息还可包括设备的物理状态，例如设备取向、设备位置、设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等。在一些示例中，将与DA服务器106的软件状态相关的信息，例如便携式多功能设备200的运行过程、已安装程序、过去和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用等，作为与用户输入相关联的上下文信息提供至DA服务器106。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229响应于来自DA服务器106的请求而选择性地提供存储在便携式多功能设备200上的信息(例如，用户数据231)。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229还在DA服务器106请求时引出来自用户经由自然语言对话或其他用户接口的附加输入。数字助理客户端模块229将该附加输入传送至DA服务器106，以帮助DA服务器106进行意图推断和/或实现在用户请求中表达的用户意图。
下面参考图7A至图7C对数字助理进行更详细的描述。应当认识到，数字助理客户端模块229可包括下文所述的数字助理模块726的任意数量的子模块。
应用程序236包括以下模块(或指令集)或者其子集或超集：
·联系人模块237(有时称为通讯录或联系人列表)；
·电话模块238；
·视频会议模块239；
·电子邮件客户端模块240；
·即时消息(IM)模块241；
·健身支持模块242；
·用于静态图像和/或视频图像的相机模块243；
·图像管理模块244；
·视频播放器模块；
·音乐播放器模块；
·浏览器模块247；
·日历模块248；
·桌面小程序模块249，其在一些示例中包括以下各项中的一者或多者：天气桌面小程序249-1、股票桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4、词典桌面小程序249-5和用户获取的其他桌面小程序以及用户创建的桌面小程序249-6；
·用于形成用户创建的桌面小程序249-6的桌面小程序创建器模块250；
·搜索模块251；
·视频和音乐播放器模块252，其合并视频播放器模块和音乐播放器模块；
·记事本模块253；
·地图模块254；以及/或者
·在线视频模块255。
存储在存储器202中的其他应用程序236的示例包括其他文字处理应用程序、其他图像编辑应用程序、绘图应用程序、呈现应用程序、支持JAVA的应用程序、加密、数字权限管理、声音识别和声音复制。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、和文本输入模块234，联系人模块237用于管理通讯录或联系人列表(例如，存储在存储器202或存储器470中的联系人模块237的应用程序内部状态292中)，包括：将一个或多个姓名添加到通讯录；从通讯录删除姓名；将电话号码、电子邮件地址、物理地址或其他信息与姓名关联；将图像与姓名关联；对姓名进行归类和分类；提供电话号码或电子邮件地址来发起和/或促进通过电话238、视频会议模块239、电子邮件240或IM241进行的通信；等等。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电话模块238用于输入对应于电话号码的字符序列、访问联系人模块237中的一个或多个电话号码、修改已经输入的电话号码、拨打相应的电话号码、进行会话以及当会话完成时断开或挂断。如上所述，无线通信使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、联系人模块237和电话模块238，视频会议模块239包括根据用户指令来发起、进行和终止用户与一个或多个其他参与方之间的视频会议的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电子邮件客户端模块240包括响应于用户指令来创建、发送、接收和管理电子邮件的可执行指令。结合图像管理模块244，电子邮件客户端模块240使得非常容易创建和发送具有由相机模块243拍摄的静态图像或视频图像的电子邮件。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，即时消息模块241包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：输入与即时消息对应的字符序列、修改先前输入的字符、传输相应即时消息(例如，使用短消息服务(SMS)或多媒体消息服务(MMS)协议以用于基于电话的即时消息或者使用XMPP、SIMPLE、或IMPS以用于基于互联网的即时消息)、接收即时消息以及查看所接收的即时消息。在一些实施方案中，所传输和/或接收的即时消息包括图形、照片、音频文件、视频文件和/或如MMS和/或增强型消息服务(EMS)中支持的其他附件。如本文所用，“即时消息”是指基于电话的消息(例如，使用SMS或MMS发送的消息)和基于互联网的消息(例如，使用XMPP、SIMPLE或IMPS发送的消息)两者。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235、地图模块254和音乐播放器模块，健身支持模块242包括用于以下各项的可执行指令：创建健身(例如，具有时间、距离和/或卡路里燃烧目标)；与健身传感器(运动设备)进行通信；接收健身传感器数据；校准用于监视健身的传感器；为健身选择和播放音乐；以及显示、存储和传输健身数据。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、一个或多个光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和图像管理模块244，相机模块243包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：捕获静态图像或视频(包括视频流)并且将它们存储到存储器202中、修改静态图像或视频的特征，或从存储器202删除静态图像或视频。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、和相机模块243，图像管理模块244包括用于排列、修改(例如，编辑)、或以其他方式操控、加标签、删除、呈现(例如，在数字幻灯片或相册中)、以及存储静态图像和/或视频图像的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，浏览器模块247包括用于根据用户指令来浏览互联网，包括搜索、链接至、接收和显示网页或其部分，以及链接至网页的附件和其他文件的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，日历模块248包括根据用户指令来创建、显示、修改和存储日历以及与日历相关联的数据(例如，日历条目、待办事项等)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序模块249是可由用户下载并使用的微型应用程序(例如，天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4和词典桌面小程序249-5)或由用户创建的微型应用程序(例如，用户创建的桌面小程序249-6)。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括HTML(超文本标记语言)文件、CSS(层叠样式表)文件和JavaScript文件。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括XML(可扩展标记语言)文件和JavaScript文件(例如，Yahoo！桌面小程序)。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序创建器模块250被用户用于创建桌面小程序(例如，使将网页的用户指定部分变成桌面小程序)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，搜索模块251包括用于根据用户指令来搜索存储器202中与一个或多个搜索条件(例如，一个或多个用户指定的搜索词)匹配的文本、音乐、声音、图像、视频和/或其他文件的可执行指令。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路210、扬声器211、RF电路208和浏览器模块247，视频和音乐播放器模块252包括允许用户下载和回放以一种或多种文件格式(诸如MP3或AAC文件)存储的所记录的音乐和其他声音文件的可执行指令，以及用于显示、呈现或以其他方式回放视频(例如，在触摸屏212上或在经由外部端口224连接的外部显示器上)的可执行指令。在一些实施方案中，设备200任选地包括MP3播放器诸如iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)的功能。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，记事本模块253包括根据用户指令来创建和管理记事本、待办事项等的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235和浏览器模块247，地图模块254用于根据用户指令接收、显示、修改和存储地图以及与地图相关联的数据(例如，驾驶方向、与特定位置处或附近的商店及其他兴趣点有关的数据，以及其他基于位置的数据)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路210、扬声器211、RF电路208、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，在线视频模块255包括允许用户访问、浏览、接收(例如，通过流式传输和/或下载)、回放(例如，在触摸屏上或经由外部端口224在所连接的外部显示器上)、发送具有至特定在线视频的链接的电子邮件，以及以其他方式管理一种或多种文件格式(诸如，H.264)的在线视频的指令。在一些实施方案中，使用即时消息模块241而不是电子邮件客户端模块240来发送特定在线视频的链接。在线视频应用程序的其他描述可见于2007年6月20日提交的名称为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface forPlaying Online Videos”的美国临时专利申请60/936562号和2007年12月31日提交的名称为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface forPlaying Online Videos”的美国专利申请11/968067号，这两个专利申请的内容据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
上述每个模块和应用程序对应于用于执行上述一种或多种功能以及在本专利申请中所述的方法(例如，本文所述的计算机实现的方法和其他信息处理方法)的可执行指令集。这些模块(例如，指令集)不必被实现为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，并因此在各种实施方案中可组合或以其他方式重新布置这些模块的各种子集。例如，视频播放器模块可与音乐播放器模块组合成单个模块(例如，图2A中的视频和音乐播放器模块252)。在一些实施方案中，存储器202存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器202存储上文未描述的附加模块和数据结构。
在一些实施方案中，设备200是该设备上的预定义的一组功能的操作唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触控板来执行的设备。通过使用触摸屏和/或触控板作为用于设备200的操作的主要输入控制设备，减少设备200上的物理输入控制设备(诸如下压按钮、拨盘等)的数量。
唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触控板来执行的预定义的一组功能任选地包括在用户界面之间的导航。在一些实施方案中，触控板在被用户触摸时将设备200从设备200上显示的任何用户界面导航到主菜单、home菜单或根菜单。在此类实施方案中，使用触控板来实现“菜单按钮”。在一些其他实施方案中，菜单按钮是物理下压按钮或者其他物理输入控制设备，而不是触控板。
图2B是示出了根据一些实施方案的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或存储器470(图4)包括事件分类器270(例如，在操作系统226中)以及相应的应用程序236-1(例如，前述应用程序237至251、255、480至490中的任一个应用程序)。
事件分类器270接收事件信息并确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程序236-1和应用程序236-1的应用程序视图291。事件分类器270包括事件监视器271和事件分配器模块274。在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括应用程序内部状态292，该应用程序内部状态指示当应用程序是活动的或正在执行时被显示在触敏显示器212上的一个或多个当前应用程序视图。在一些实施方案中，设备/全局内部状态257被事件分类器270用来确定哪个(哪些)应用程序当前是活动的，并且应用程序内部状态292被事件分类器270用来确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程序视图291。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序内部状态292包括附加信息，诸如以下各项中的一者或多者：当应用程序236-1恢复执行时将被使用的恢复信息、指示信息正被显示或准备好用于被应用程序236-1显示的用户界面状态信息、用于使得用户能够返回到应用程序236-1的前一状态或视图的状态队列，以及用户采取的先前动作的重复/撤销队列。
事件监视器271从外围设备接口218接收事件信息。事件信息包括关于子事件(例如，作为多点触摸手势一部分的触敏显示器212上的用户触摸)的信息。外围设备接口218传输其从I/O子系统206或传感器诸如接近传感器266、一个或多个加速度计268和/或麦克风213(通过音频电路210)接收的信息。外围设备接口218从I/O子系统206接收的信息包括来自触敏显示器212或触敏表面的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件监视器271以预先确定的间隔将请求发送至外围设备接口218。作为响应，外围设备接口218传输事件信息。在其他实施方案中，外围设备接口218仅当存在显著事件(例如，接收到高于预先确定的噪声阈值的输入和/或接收到超过预先确定的持续时间的输入)时才传输事件信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件分类器270还包括命中视图确定模块272和/或活动事件识别器确定模块273。
当触敏显示器212显示多于一个视图时，命中视图确定模块272提供用于确定子事件已在一个或多个视图内的什么地方发生的软件过程。视图由用户能够在显示器上看到的控件和其他元素构成。
与应用程序相关联的用户界面的另一方面是一组视图，本文中有时也称为应用程序视图或用户界面窗口，在其中显示信息并且发生基于触摸的手势。在其中检测到触摸的(相应应用程序的)应用程序视图对应于应用程序的程序化分级结构或视图分级结构内的程序化水平。例如，在其中检测到触摸的最低水平视图被称为命中视图，并且被认为是正确输入的事件集至少部分地基于初始触摸的命中视图来确定，该初始触摸开始基于触摸的手势。
命中视图确定模块272接收与基于触摸的手势的子事件相关的信息。当应用程序具有以分级结构组织的多个视图时，命中视图确定模块272将命中视图识别为应当对子事件进行处理的分级结构中的最低视图。在大多数情况下，命中视图是发起子事件(例如，形成事件或潜在事件的子事件序列中的第一子事件)在其中发生的最低水平视图。一旦命中视图被命中视图确定模块272识别，命中视图便通常接收与其被识别为命中视图所针对的同一触摸或输入源相关的所有子事件。
活动事件识别器确定模块273确定视图分级结构内的哪个或哪些视图应接收特定子事件序列。在一些实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定仅命中视图应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定包括子事件的物理位置的所有视图是活跃参与的视图，并因此确定所有活跃参与的视图都应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，即使触摸子事件完全被局限到与一个特定视图相关联的区域，分级结构中的较高视图将仍然保持为活跃参与的视图。
事件分配器模块274将事件信息分配到事件识别器(例如，事件识别器280)。在包括活动事件识别器确定模块273的实施方案中，事件分配器模块274将事件信息递送到由活动事件识别器确定模块273确定的事件识别器。在一些实施方案中，事件分配器模块274在事件队列中存储事件信息，该事件信息由相应事件接收器282进行检索。
在一些实施方案中，操作系统226包括事件分类器270。另选地，应用程序236-1包括事件分类器270。在又一个实施方案中，事件分类器270是独立模块，或者是存储在存储器202中的另一个模块(诸如，接触/运动模块230)的一部分。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括多个事件处理程序290和一个或多个应用程序视图291，其中的每个应用程序视图包括用于处理发生在应用程序的用户界面的相应视图内的触摸事件的指令。应用程序236-1的每个应用程序视图291包括一个或多个事件识别器280。通常，相应应用程序视图291包括多个事件识别器280。在其他实施方案中，事件识别器280中的一个或多个事件识别器是独立模块的一部分，该独立模块为诸如用户界面工具包(未示出)或应用程序236-1从中继承方法和其他属性的较高级别的对象。在一些实施方案中，相应事件处理程序290包括以下各项中的一者或多者：数据更新器276、对象更新器277、GUI更新器278、和/或从事件分类器270接收的事件数据279。事件处理程序290利用或调用数据更新器276、对象更新器277或GUI更新器278来更新应用程序内部状态292。另选地，应用程序视图291中的一个或多个应用程序视图包括一个或多个相应事件处理程序290。另外，在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278中的一者或多者包括在相应应用程序视图291中。
相应的事件识别器280从事件分类器270接收事件信息(例如，事件数据279)，并且从事件信息识别事件。事件识别器280包括事件接收器282和事件比较器284。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280还包括元数据283和事件传递指令288(其包括子事件传递指令)的至少一个子集。
事件接收器282接收来自事件分类器270的事件信息。事件信息包括关于子事件例如触摸或触摸移动的信息。根据子事件，事件信息还包括附加信息，诸如子事件的位置。当子事件涉及触摸的运动时，事件信息还包括子事件的速率和方向。在一些实施方案中，事件包括设备从一个取向旋转到另一取向(例如，从纵向取向旋转到横向取向，或反之亦然)，并且事件信息包括关于设备的当前取向(也被称为设备姿态)的对应信息。
事件比较器284将事件信息与预定义的事件或子事件定义进行比较，并且基于该比较，确定事件或子事件，或者确定或更新事件或子事件的状态。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284包括事件定义286。事件定义286包含事件的定义(例如，预定义的子事件序列)，例如事件1(287-1)、事件2(287-2)、以及其他事件。在一些实施方案中，事件(287)中的子事件例如包括触摸开始、触摸结束、触摸移动、触摸取消和多点触摸。在一个示例中，事件1(287-1)的定义是被显示对象上的双击。例如，双击包括被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第一触摸(触摸开始)、预先确定时长的第一抬离(触摸结束)、被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第二触摸(触摸开始)以及预先确定时长的第二抬离(触摸结束)。在另一个示例中，事件2(287-2)的定义是被显示对象上的拖动。例如，拖动包括被显示对象上的预先确定时长的触摸(或接触)、触摸在触敏显示器212上的移动、以及触摸的抬离(触摸结束)。在一些实施方案中，事件还包括用于一个或多个相关联的事件处理程序290的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件定义287包括对用于相应用户界面对象的事件的定义。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284执行命中测试以确定哪个用户界面对象与子事件相关联。例如，在触敏显示器212上显示三个用户界面对象的应用程序视图中，当在触敏显示器212上检测到触摸时，事件比较器284执行命中测试以确定这三个用户界面对象中的哪一个用户界面对象与该触摸(子事件)相关联。如果每个所显示对象与相应事件处理程序290相关联，则事件比较器使用该命中测试的结果来确定哪个事件处理程序290应当被激活。例如，事件比较器284选择与子事件和触发该命中测试的对象相关联的事件处理程序。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件(287)的定义还包括延迟动作，该延迟动作延迟事件信息的递送，直到已确定子事件序列确实对应于或不对应于事件识别器的事件类型。
当相应事件识别器280确定子事件序列不与事件定义286中的任何事件匹配时，该相应事件识别器280进入事件不可能、事件失败或事件结束状态，在此之后忽略基于触摸的手势的后续子事件。在这种情况下，对于命中视图保持活动的其他事件识别器(如果有的话)继续跟踪并处理持续进行的基于触摸的手势的子事件。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280包括具有指示事件递送系统应当如何执行对活跃参与的事件识别器的子事件递送的可配置属性、标记和/或列表的元数据283。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括指示事件识别器彼此如何交互或如何能够交互的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括指示子事件是否递送到视图或程序化分级结构中的不同层级的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。
在一些实施方案中，当事件的一个或多个特定子事件被识别时，相应事件识别器280激活与事件相关联的事件处理程序290。在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280将与事件相关联的事件信息递送到事件处理程序290。激活事件处理程序290不同于将子事件发送(和延期发送)到相应命中视图。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280抛出与所识别的事件相关联的标记，并且与该标记相关联的事件处理程序290获取该标记并执行预定义过程。
在一些实施方案中，事件递送指令288包括递送关于子事件的事件信息而不激活事件处理程序的子事件递送指令。相反，子事件递送指令将事件信息递送到与子事件序列相关联的事件处理程序或者递送到活跃参与的视图。与子事件序列或与活跃参与的视图相关联的事件处理程序接收事件信息并执行预先确定的过程。
在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276创建并更新在应用程序236-1中使用的数据。例如，数据更新器276对联系人模块237中所使用的电话号码进行更新，或者对视频播放器模块中所使用的视频文件进行存储。在一些实施方案中，对象更新器277创建和更新在应用程序236-1中使用的对象。例如，对象更新器277创建新的用户界面对象或更新用户界面对象的位置。GUI更新器278更新GUI。例如，GUI更新器278准备显示信息，并且将显示信息发送到图形模块232用以显示在触敏显示器上。
在一些实施方案中，事件处理程序290包括数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278或者具有对它们的访问权限。在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278被包括在相应应用程序236-1或应用程序视图291的单个模块中。在其他实施方案中，它们被包括在两个或更多个软件模块中。
应当理解，关于触敏显示器上的用户触摸的事件处理的上述论述还适用于利用输入设备来操作多功能设备200的其他形式的用户输入，并不是所有用户输入都是在触摸屏上发起的。例如，任选地与单次或多次键盘按下或按住协作的鼠标移动和鼠标按钮按下；触控板上的接触移动，诸如轻击、拖动、滚动等；触笔输入；设备的移动；口头指令；检测到的眼睛移动；生物特征输入；和/或它们的任何组合任选地被用作对应于限定要识别的事件的子事件的输入。
图3示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触摸屏212的便携式多功能设备200。触摸屏任选地在用户界面(UI)300内显示一个或多个图形。在本实施方案以及下文所述的其他实施方案中，用户能够通过例如利用一根或多根手指302(在图中未按比例绘制)或一支或多支触笔303(在图中未按比例绘制)在图形上作出手势来选择这些图形中的一个或多个图形。在一些实施方案中，当用户中断与一个或多个图形的接触时，将发生对一个或多个图形的选择。在一些实施方案中，手势任选地包括一次或多次轻击、一次或多次轻扫(从左向右、从右向左、向上和/或向下)和/或已与设备200发生接触的手指的滚动(从右向左、从左向右、向上和/或向下)。在一些具体实施中或在一些情况下，不经意地与图形接触不会选择图形。例如，当与选择对应的手势是轻击时，在应用程序图标上方扫动的轻扫手势任选地不会选择对应的应用程序。
设备200还包括一个或多个物理按钮，诸如“home”或菜单按钮304。如前所述，菜单按钮304用于导航到在设备200上执行的一组应用程序中的任何应用程序236。另选地，在一些实施方案中，菜单按钮被实现为被显示在触摸屏212上的GUI中的软键。
在一些实施方案中，设备200包括触摸屏212、菜单按钮304、用于使设备通电/断电和用于锁定设备的下压按钮306、一个或多个音量调节按钮308、用户身份模块(SIM)卡槽310、耳麦插孔312和对接/充电外部端口224。下压按钮306任选地用于通过压下该按钮并且将该按钮保持在压下状态持续预定义的时间间隔来对设备进行开/关机；通过压下该按钮并在该预定义的时间间隔过去之前释放该按钮来锁定设备；和/或对设备进行解锁或发起解锁过程。在另选实施方案中，设备200还通过麦克风213接受用于激活或去激活某些功能的言语输入。设备200还任选地包括用于检测触摸屏212上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265，和/或用于为设备200的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。
图4是根据一些实施方案的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。设备400不必是便携式的。在一些实施方案中，设备400为膝上型计算机、台式计算机、平板电脑、多媒体播放器设备、导航设备、教育设备(诸如儿童学习玩具)、游戏系统或控制设备(例如，家用控制器或工业用控制器)。设备400通常包括一个或多个处理单元(CPU)410、一个或多个网络或其他通信接口460、存储器470和用于使这些部件互连的一个或多个通信总线420。通信总线420任选地包括使系统部件互连并且控制系统部件之间的通信的电路(有时称作芯片组)。设备400包括具有显示器440的输入/输出(I/O)接口430，该显示器通常是触摸屏显示器。I/O接口430还任选地包括键盘和/或鼠标(或其他指向设备)450和触控板455、用于在设备400上生成触觉输出的触觉输出发生器457(例如，类似于上文参考图2A所述的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267)、传感器459(例如，光学传感器、加速度传感器、接近传感器、触敏传感器和/或接触强度传感器(类似于上文参考图2A所述的一个或多个接触强度传感器265))。存储器470包括高速随机存取存储器，诸如DRAM、SRAM、DDR RAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备；并且任选地包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、光盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器470任选地包括远离CPU 410定位的一个或多个存储设备。在一些实施方案中，存储器470存储与便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202中存储的程序、模块和数据结构类似的程序、模块和数据结构或其子集。此外，存储器470任选地存储在便携式多功能设备200的存储器202中不存在的附加程序、模块和数据结构。例如，设备400的存储器470任选地存储绘图模块480、呈现模块482、文字处理模块484、网站创建模块486、盘编辑模块488、和/或电子表格模块490，而便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202任选地不存储这些模块。
图4中的上述元件中的每一者在一些示例中存储在一个或多个先前提到的存储器设备中。上述模块中的每个模块对应于用于执行上述功能的指令集。上述模块或程序(例如，指令集)不必被实现为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，因此这些模块的各种子集在各种实施方案中组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施方案中，存储器470存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器470存储上文未描述的附加模块和数据结构。
现在将注意力转到可在例如便携式多功能设备200上实现的用户界面的实施方案。
图5A示出了根据一些实施方案的便携式多功能设备200上的应用程序菜单的示例性用户界面。类似的用户界面在设备400上实现。在一些实施方案中，用户界面500包括以下元件或者其子集或超集：
一个或多个无线通信诸如蜂窝信号和Wi-Fi信号的一个或多个信号强度指示器502；
·时间504；
·蓝牙指示器505；
·电池状态指示符506；
·具有针对常用应用程序的图标的托盘508，该图标诸如：
ο电话模块238的被标记为“电话”的图标516，该图标任选地包括未接来电或语音留言的数量的指示符514；
ο电子邮件客户端模块240的被标记为“邮件”的图标518，该图标任选地包括未读电子邮件的数量的指示符510；
ο浏览器模块247的被标记为“浏览器”的图标520；以及
ο视频和音乐播放器模块252(也被称为iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)模块252)的被标记为“iPod”的图标522；以及
·其他应用的图标，诸如：
οIM模块241的被标记为“消息”的图标524；
ο日历模块248的被标记为“日历”的图标526；
ο图像管理模块244的被标记为“照片”的图标528；
ο相机模块243的被标记为“相机”的图标530；
ο在线视频模块255的被标记为“在线视频”的图标532；
ο股市桌面小程序249-2的被标记为“股市”的图标534；
ο地图模块254的被标记为“地图”的图标536；
ο天气桌面小程序249-1的被标记为“天气”的图标538；
ο闹钟桌面小程序249-4的被标记为“时钟”的图标540；
ο健身支持模块242的被标记为“健身支持”的图标542；
ο记事本模块253的被标记为“记事本”的图标544；以及
ο用于设置应用程序或模块的被标记为“设置”的图标546，该图标提供对设备200及其各种应用程序236的设置的访问。
应当指出，图5A中示出的图标标签仅是示例性的。例如，视频和音乐播放器模块252的图标522任选地被标记为“音乐”或“音乐播放器”。对于各种应用程序图标任选地使用其他标签。在一些实施方案中，相应应用程序图标的标签包括与该相应应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。在一些实施方案中，特定应用程序图标的标签不同于与该特定应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。
图5B示出了具有与显示器550(例如，触摸屏显示器212)分开的触敏表面551(例如，图4的平板或触控板455)的设备(例如，图4的设备400)上的示例性用户界面。设备400还任选地包括用于检测触敏表面551上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器(例如，传感器457中的一个或多个传感器)和/或用于为设备400的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器459。
尽管将参考触摸屏显示器212(其中组合了触敏表面和显示器)上的输入给出随后的示例中的一些示例，但是在一些实施方案中，设备检测与显示器分开的触敏表面上的输入，如图5B中所示。在一些实施方案中，触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)具有与显示器(例如，550)上的主轴(例如，图5B中的553)对应的主轴(例如，图5B中的552)。根据这些实施方案，设备检测在与显示器上的相应位置对应的位置(例如，在图5B中，560对应于568并且562对应于570)处的与触敏表面551的接触(例如，图5B中的560和562)。这样，在触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)与多功能设备的显示器(例如，图5B中的550)分开时，由设备在触敏表面上检测到的用户输入(例如，接触560和562以及它们的移动)被该设备用于操纵显示器上的用户界面。应当理解，类似的方法任选地用于本文所述的其他用户界面。
另外，虽然主要是参考手指输入(例如，手指接触、单指轻击手势、手指轻扫手势)来给出下面的示例，但是应当理解的是，在一些实施方案中，这些手指输入中的一个或多个手指输入由来自另一输入设备的输入(例如，基于鼠标的输入或触笔输入)替代。例如，轻扫手势任选地由鼠标点击(例如，而不是接触)，之后是光标沿着轻扫的路径的移动(例如，而不是接触的移动)替代。又如，轻击手势任选地由在光标位于轻击手势的位置上方时的鼠标点击(例如，代替对接触的检测，之后是停止检测接触)替代。类似地，当同时检测到多个用户输入时，应当理解的是，多个计算机鼠标任选地被同时使用，或鼠标和手指接触任选地被同时使用。
图6A示出了示例性个人电子设备600。设备600包括主体602。在一些实施方案中，设备600包括相对于设备200和400(例如，图2A-图4)所述的特征中的一些或全部特征。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有在下文中称为触摸屏604的触敏显示屏604。作为触摸屏604的替代或补充，设备600具有显示器和触敏表面。与设备200和400的情况一样，在一些实施方案中，触摸屏604(或触敏表面)具有用于检测正在施加的接触(例如，触摸)的强度的一个或多个强度传感器。触摸屏604(或触敏表面)的一个或多个强度传感器提供表示触摸的强度的输出数据。设备600的用户界面基于触摸强度来对触摸作出响应，这意味着不同强度的触摸可调用设备600上的不同的用户界面操作。
用于检测和处理触摸强度的技术可例如存在于相关申请中：2013年5月8日提交的名称为“Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface for Displaying UserInterface Objects Corresponding to an Application”的国际专利申请序列号PCT/US2013/040061，以及2013年11月11日提交的名称为“Device,Method,and Graphical UserInterface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships”的国际专利申请序列号PCT/US2013/069483，这两个专利申请中的每个专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个输入机构606和608。输入机构606和608(如果包括的话)是物理形式的。物理输入机构的示例包括下压按钮和可旋转机构。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个附接机构。此类附接机构(如果包括的话)可允许将设备600与例如帽子、眼镜、耳环、项链、衬衣、夹克、手镯、表带、手链、裤子、皮带、鞋子、钱包、背包等附接。这些附接机构允许用户穿戴设备600。
图6B示出了示例性个人电子设备600。在一些实施方案中，设备600包括相对于图2A、图2B和图4所述的部件中的一些或全部部件。设备600具有总线612，该总线将I/O部分614与一个或多个计算机处理器616和存储器618操作性地耦接。I/O部分614被连接到显示器604，该显示器可具有触敏部件622，并且任选地还具有触摸强度敏感部件624。此外，I/O部分614与通信单元630连接，以用于使用Wi-Fi、蓝牙、近场通信(NFC)、蜂窝和/或其他无线通信技术来接收应用程序和操作系统数据。设备600包括输入机构606和/或608。例如，输入机构606是可旋转输入设备或者可按压输入设备以及可旋转输入设备。在一些示例中，输入机构608是按钮。
在一些示例中，输入机构608是麦克风。个人电子设备600包括例如各种传感器，诸如GPS传感器632、加速度计634、定向传感器640(例如，罗盘)、陀螺仪636、运动传感器638和/或它们的组合，所有这些设备均可操作地连接到I/O部分614。
个人电子设备600的存储器618是用于存储计算机可执行指令的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，该指令当由一个或多个计算机处理器616执行时例如使得计算机处理器执行上述技术和过程。该计算机可执行指令也例如在任何非暂态计算机可读存储介质内进行存储和/或传送，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备获取指令并执行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合。个人电子设备600不限于图6B的部件和配置，而是可包括多种配置中的其他部件或附加部件。
如本文所用，术语“示能表示”是指例如在设备200、400和/或600(图2A、图4和图6A-图6B)的显示屏上显示的用户交互式图形用户界面对象。例如，图像(例如，图标)、按钮和文本(例如，超链接)各自构成示能表示。
如本文所用，术语“焦点选择器”是指用于指示用户正与之进行交互的用户界面的当前部分的输入元件。在包括光标或其他位置标记的一些具体实施中，光标充当“焦点选择器”，使得当光标在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)上方时在触敏表面(例如，图4中的触控板455或图5B中的触敏表面551)上检测到输入(例如，按压输入)的情况下，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在包括能够实现与触摸屏显示器上的用户界面元素的直接交互的触摸屏显示器(例如，图2A中的触敏显示器系统212或图5A中的触摸屏212)的一些具体实施中，在触摸屏上所检测到的接触充当“焦点选择器”，使得当在触摸屏显示器上在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)的位置处检测到输入(例如，由接触进行的按压输入)时，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在一些具体实施中，焦点从用户界面的一个区域移动到用户界面的另一个区域，而无需光标的对应移动或触摸屏显示器上的接触的移动(例如，通过使用制表键或箭头键将焦点从一个按钮移动到另一个按钮)；在这些具体实施中，焦点选择器根据焦点在用户界面的不同区域之间的移动而移动。不考虑焦点选择器所采取的具体形式，焦点选择器通常是由用户控制的以便递送与用户界面的用户预期的交互(例如，通过向设备指示用户界面的用户期望与其进行交互的元素)的用户界面元素(或触摸屏显示器上的接触)。例如，在触敏表面(例如，触控板或触摸屏)上检测到按压输入时，焦点选择器(例如，光标、接触或选择框)在相应按钮上方的位置将指示用户期望激活相应按钮(而不是设备显示器上示出的其他用户界面元素)。
如说明书和权利要求中所使用的，接触的“特征强度”这一术语是指基于接触的一个或多个强度的接触的特征。在一些实施方案中，特征强度基于多个强度样本。特征强度任选地基于相对于预定义事件(例如，在检测到接触之后，在检测到接触抬离之前，在检测到接触开始移动之前或之后，在检测到接触结束之前，在检测到接触的强度增大之前或之后和/或在检测到接触的强度减小之前或之后)而言在预先确定的时间段(例如，0.05秒、0.1秒、0.2秒、0.5秒、1秒、2秒、5秒、10秒)期间采集的预定义数量的强度样本或一组强度样本。接触的特征强度任选地基于以下各项中的一者或多者：接触强度的最大值、接触强度的均值、接触强度的平均值、接触强度的前10％处的值、接触强度的半最大值、接触强度的90％最大值等。在一些实施方案中，在确定特征强度时使用接触的持续时间(例如，在特征强度是接触的强度在时间上的平均值时)。在一些实施方案中，将特征强度与一组一个或多个强度阈值进行比较，以确定用户是否已执行操作。例如，该组一个或多个强度阈值包括第一强度阈值和第二强度阈值。在该示例中，特征强度未超过第一阈值的接触导致第一操作，特征强度超过第一强度阈值但未超过第二强度阈值的接触导致第二操作，而特征强度超过第二阈值的接触导致第三操作。在一些实施方案中，使用特征强度与一个或多个阈值之间的比较来确定是否要执行一个或多个操作(例如，是执行相应操作还是放弃执行相应操作)，而不是用于确定执行第一操作还是第二操作。
在一些实施方案中，识别手势的一部分以用于确定特征强度。例如，触敏表面接收连续的轻扫接触，该连续的轻扫接触从起始位置过渡并到达结束位置，在该结束位置处，接触的强度增加。在该示例中，接触在结束位置处的特征强度仅基于连续轻扫接触的一部分，而不是整个轻扫接触(例如，轻扫接触仅位于结束位置处的部分)。在一些实施方案中，在确定接触的特征强度之前向轻扫接触的强度应用平滑化算法。例如，平滑化算法任选地包括以下各项中的一种或多种：不加权滑动平均平滑化算法、三角平滑化算法、中值滤波器平滑化算法和/或指数平滑化算法。在一些情况下，这些平滑化算法消除了轻扫接触的强度中的窄的尖峰或凹陷，以实现确定特征强度的目的。
相对于一个或多个强度阈值诸如接触检测强度阈值、轻按压强度阈值、深按压强度阈值和/或一个或多个其他强度阈值来表征触敏表面上的接触的强度。在一些实施方案中，轻按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下设备将执行通常与点击物理鼠标或触摸板的按钮相关联的操作。在一些实施方案中，深按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下设备将执行与通常与点击物理鼠标或触控板的按钮相关联的操作不同的操作。在一些实施方案中，当检测到特征强度低于轻按压强度阈值(例如，并且高于标称接触检测强度阈值，比标称接触检测强度阈值低的接触不再被检测到)的接触时，设备将根据接触在触敏表面上的移动来移动焦点选择器，而不执行与轻按压强度阈值或深按压强度阈值相关联的操作。一般来讲，除非另有陈述，否则这些强度阈值在不同组的用户界面附图之间是一致的。
接触特征强度从低于轻按压强度阈值的强度增大到介于轻按压强度阈值与深按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为“轻按压”输入。接触特征强度从低于深按压强度阈值的强度增大到高于深按压强度阈值的强度有时被称为“深按压”输入。接触特征强度从低于接触检测强度阈值的强度增大到介于接触检测强度阈值与轻按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为检测到触摸表面上的接触。接触特征强度从高于接触检测强度阈值的强度减小到低于接触检测强度阈值的强度有时被称为检测到接触从触摸表面抬离。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值为零。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值大于零。
在本文中所述的一些实施方案中，响应于检测到包括相应按压输入的手势或响应于检测到利用相应接触(或多个接触)执行的相应按压输入来执行一个或多个操作，其中至少部分地基于检测到该接触(或多个接触)的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值而检测到相应按压输入。在一些实施方案中，响应于检测到相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向下冲程”)来执行相应操作。在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。
在一些实施方案中，设备采用强度滞后以避免有时被称为“抖动”的意外输入，其中设备限定或选择与按压输入强度阈值具有预定义关系的滞后强度阈值(例如，滞后强度阈值比按压输入强度阈值低X个强度单位，或滞后强度阈值是按压输入强度阈值的75％、90％或某个合理比例)。因此，在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于对应于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于滞后强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。类似地，在一些实施方案中，仅在设备检测到接触强度从等于或低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到等于或高于按压输入强度阈值的强度并且任选地接触强度随后减小到等于或低于滞后强度的强度时才检测到按压输入，并且响应于检测到按压输入(例如，根据环境，接触强度增大或接触强度减小)来执行相应操作。
为了容易解释，任选地，响应于检测到以下各种情况中的任一种情况而触发对响应于与按压输入强度阈值相关联的按压输入或响应于包括按压输入的手势而执行的操作的描述：接触强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值、接触强度从低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值的强度、接触强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值、和/或接触强度减小到低于与按压输入强度阈值对应的滞后强度阈值。另外，在将操作描述为响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值而执行的示例中，任选地响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于对应于并且小于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值来执行操作。
3.数字助理系统
图7A示出了根据各种示例的数字助理系统700的框图。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700在独立式计算机系统上实现。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700跨多个计算机分布。在一些示例中，数字助理的模块和功能中的一些被划分成服务器部分和客户端部分，其中客户端部分位于一个或多个用户设备(例如，设备104、设备122、设备200、设备400或设备600)上并通过一个或多个网络与服务器部分(例如，服务器系统108)通信，例如，如图1中所示。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700是图1中所示的服务器系统108(和/或DA服务器106)的具体实施。应当指出，数字助理系统700仅为数字助理系统的一个示例，且该数字助理系统700具有比所示更多或更少的部件、组合两个或更多个部件，或者可具有部件的不同配置或布局。图7A中所示的各种部件在硬件、用于在由一个或多个处理器执行的软件指令、固件(包括一个或多个信号处理集成电路和/或专用集成电路)，或它们的组合中实现。
数字助理系统700包括存储器702、输入/输出(I/O)接口706、网络通信接口708，以及一个或多个处理器704。这些部件可通过一条或多条通信总线或信号线710彼此通信。
在一些示例中，存储器702包括非暂态计算机可读介质，诸如高速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性计算机可读存储介质(例如，一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储器设备)。
在一些示例中，I/O接口706将数字助理系统700的输入/输出设备716诸如显示器、键盘、触摸屏和麦克风耦接至用户界面模块722。I/O接口706与用户界面模块722一起接收用户输入(例如，语音输入、键盘输入、触摸输入等)并相应地对这些输入进行处理。在一些示例中，例如，当数字助理在独立式用户设备上实现时，数字助理系统700包括分别相对于图2A、图4、图6A至图6B中的设备200、设备400或设备600所描述的部件和I/O通信接口中的任一者。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700代表数字助理具体实施的服务器部分，并且可通过位于用户设备(例如，设备104、设备200、设备400或设备600)上的客户端侧部分与用户进行交互。
在一些示例中，网络通信接口708包括一个或多个有线通信端口712和/或无线传输和接收电路714。一个或多个有线通信端口经由一个或多个有线接口例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、FIREWIRE等接收和发送通信信号。无线电路714从通信网络及其他通信设备接收RF信号和/或光学信号以及将RF信号和/或光学信号发送至通信网络及其他通信设备。无线通信使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，诸如GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX、或任何其他合适的通信协议。网络通信接口708使数字助理系统700通过网络，诸如互联网、内联网和/或无线网络诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN)，与其他设备之间的通信成为可能。
在一些示例中，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质存储程序、模块、指令和数据结构，包括以下内容中的全部或其子集：操作系统718、通信模块720、用户界面模块722、一个或多个应用程序724和数字助理模块726。具体地，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质存储用于执行上述过程的指令。一个或多个处理器704执行这些程序、模块和指令，并从数据结构读取数据或将数据写到数据结构。
操作系统718(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、iOS、OS X、WINDOWS、或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、电源管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动器，并且有利于各种硬件、固件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块720有利于数字助理系统700与其他设备之间通过网络通信接口708进行的通信。例如，通信模块720与电子设备(诸如分别在图2A、图4、图6A至图6B中所示的设备200、400或600)的RF电路208通信。通信模块720还包括各种部件，用于处理由无线电路714和/或有线通信端口712所接收的数据。
用户界面模块722经由I/O接口706接收来自用户(例如，来自键盘、触摸屏、指向设备、控制器和/或麦克风)的命令和/或输入，并在显示器上生成用户界面对象。用户界面模块722还准备输出(例如，语音、声音、动画、文本、图标、振动、触觉反馈、光照等)并将其经由I/O接口706(例如，通过显示器、音频通道、扬声器、触控板等)传送给用户。
应用程序724包括被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器704执行的程序和/或模块。例如，如果数字助理系统在独立式用户设备上实施，则应用程序724包括用户应用程序，诸如游戏、日历应用程序、导航应用程序或邮件应用程序。如果数字助理系统700在服务器上实现，则应用程序724包括例如资源管理应用程序、诊断应用程序、或调度应用程序。
存储器702还存储数字助理模块726(或数字助理的服务器部分)。在一些示例中，数字助理模块726包括以下子模块或者其子集或超集：输入/输出处理模块728、语音转文本(STT)处理模块730、自然语言处理模块732、对话流处理模块734、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块738和语音合成处理模块740。这些模块中的每一者均具有对以下数字助理模块726的系统或数据与模型中的一者或多者或者其子集或超集的访问权限：知识本体760、词汇索引744、用户数据748、任务流模型754、服务模型756和ASR系统758。
在一些示例中，使用在数字助理模块726中实现的处理模块、数据和模型，数字助理可执行以下中的至少一些：将语音输入转换成文本；识别在从用户接收的自然语言输入中表达的用户意图；主动引出并获得完全推断用户意图所需的信息(例如，通过消除字词、游戏、意图等的歧义)；确定用于满足推断出的意图的任务流；以及执行该任务流以满足推断出的意图。
在一些示例中，如图7B中所示，I/O处理模块728可通过图7A中的I/O设备716与用户交互或通过图7A中的网络通信接口708与用户设备(例如，设备104、设备200、设备400或设备600)交互，以获取用户输入(例如，语音输入)并提供对用户输入的响应(例如，作为语音输出)。I/O处理模块728随同接收到用户输入一起或在接收到用户输入之后不久任选地获得与来自用户设备的用户输入相关联的上下文信息。上下文信息包括特定于用户的数据、词汇，和/或与用户输入相关的偏好。在一些示例中，该上下文信息还包括在接收到用户请求时的用户设备的软件状态和硬件状态，和/或在接收到用户请求时与用户的周围环境相关的信息。在一些示例中，I/O处理模块728还向用户发送与用户请求有关的跟进问题，并从用户接收回答。在用户请求被I/O处理模块728接收且用户请求包括语音输入时，I/O处理模块728将语音输入转发至STT处理模块730(或语音识别器)以进行语音文本转换。
STT处理模块730包括一个或多个ASR系统758。该一个或多个ASR系统758可处理通过I/O处理模块728接收到的语音输入，以产生识别结果。每个ASR系统758包括前端语音预处理器。前端语音预处理器从语音输入中提取代表性特征。例如，前端语音预处理器对语音输入执行傅里叶变换，以提取表征语音输入的频谱特征作为代表性多维向量的序列。另外，每个ASR系统758包括一个或多个语音识别模型(例如，声学模型和/或语言模型)并且实现一个或多个语音识别引擎。语音识别模型的示例包括隐马尔可夫模型、高斯混合模型、深层神经网络模型、n元语法语言模型以及其他统计模型。语音识别引擎的示例包括基于动态时间规整的引擎和基于加权有限状态变换器(WFST)的引擎。使用一个或多个语音识别模型和一个或多个语音识别引擎来处理前端语音预处理器的所提取的代表性特征以产生中间识别结果(例如，音素、音素串和子字词)，并且最终产生文本识别结果(例如，字词、字词串、或符号序列)。在一些示例中，语音输入至少部分地由第三方服务处理或在用户的设备(例如，设备104、设备200、设备400或设备600)上处理，以产生识别结果。一旦STT处理模块730产生包含文本串(例如，字词，或字词的序列，或符号序列)的识别结果，识别结果即被传送至自然语言处理模块732以供意图推断。在一些示例中，STT处理模块730产生语音输入的多个候选文本表示。每个候选文本表示是与语音输入对应的字词或符号的序列。在一些示例中，每个候选文本表示与语音识别置信度得分相关联。基于语音识别置信度得分，STT处理模块730对候选文本表示进行排名并将n个最佳(例如，n个排名最高)候选文本表示提供给自然语言处理模块732以供意图推断，其中n为大于零的预先确定的整数。例如，在一个示例中，仅将排名最高的(n＝1)候选文本表示递送至自然语言处理模块732以供意图推断。又如，将5个排名最高的(n＝5)候选文本表示传递给自然语言处理模块732以供意图推断。
有关语音转文本处理的更多细节在提交于2011年9月20日的名为“ConsolidatingSpeech Recognition Results”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号13/236942中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730包括可识别字词的词汇和/或经由语音字母转换模块731访问该词汇。每个词汇字词与语音识别语音字母表中表示的字词的一个或多个候选发音相关联。具体地，可识别字词的词汇包括与多个候选发音相关联的字词。例如，该词汇包括与
和
的候选发音相关联的字词“tomato”。另外，词汇字词与基于来自用户的先前语音输入的自定义候选发音相关联。此类自定义候选发音存储在STT处理模块730中，并且经由设备上的用户配置文件与特定用户相关联。在一些示例中，字词的候选发音基于字词的拼写以及一个或多个语言学和/或语音学规则确定。在一些示例中，候选发音手动生成，例如，基于已知的标准发音而手动生成。
在一些示例中，基于候选发音的普遍性来对候选发音进行排名。例如，候选发音
的排名高于
因为前者是更常用的发音(例如，在所有用户中，对于特定地理区域的用户而言，或者对于任何其他合适的用户子集而言)。在一些示例中，基于候选发音是否为与用户相关联的自定义候选发音来对候选发音进行排名。例如，自定义候选发音的排名高于标准候选发音。这可用于识别具有偏离规范发音的独特发音的专有名词。在一些示例中，候选发音与一个或多个语音特征诸如地理起源、国家或种族相关联。例如，候选发音
与美国相关联，而候选发音
与英国相关联。此外，候选发音的排名基于存储在设备上的用户配置文件中的用户的一个或多个特征(例如，地理起源、国家、种族等)。例如，可从用户配置文件确定该用户与美国相关联。基于用户与美国相关联，候选发音
(与美国相关联)可比候选发音
(与英国相关联)排名更高。在一些示例中，经排名的候选发音中的一个可被选作预测发音(例如，最可能的发音)。
接收到语音输入时，STT处理模块730被用来(例如，使用声音模型)确定对应于该语音输入的音素，然后尝试(例如，使用语言模型)确定匹配该音素的字词。例如，如果STT处理模块730首先识别对应于该语音输入的一部分的音素序列
那么它随后可基于词汇索引744确定该序列对应于字词“tomato”。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730使用模糊匹配技术来确定话语中的字词。因此，例如，STT处理模块730确定音素序列
对应于字词“tomato”，即使该特定音素序列不是该字词的候选音素序列。
数字助理的自然语言处理模块732(“自然语言处理器”)获取由STT处理模块730生成的n个最佳候选文字表示(“字词序列”或“符号序列”)，并尝试将每个候选文本表示与由数字助理所识别的一个或多个“可执行意图”相关联。“可执行意图”(或“用户意图”)表示可由数字助理执行并且可具有在任务流模型754中实现的相关联的任务流的任务。相关联的任务流是数字助理为了执行任务而采取的一系列经编程的动作和步骤。数字助理的能力范围取决于已在任务流模型754中实现并存储的任务流的数量和种类，或换言之，取决于数字助理所识别的“可执行意图”的数量和种类。然而，数字助理的有效性还取决于助理从以自然语言表达的用户请求中推断出正确的“一个或多个可执行意图”的能力。
在一些示例中，除从STT处理模块730获取的字词或符号的序列之外，自然语言处理模块732还例如，从I/O处理模块728接收与用户请求相关联的上下文信息。自然语言处理模块732任选地使用上下文信息来明确、补充和/或进一步限定在从STT处理模块730接收的候选文本表示中包含的信息。上下文信息包括例如用户偏好，用户设备的硬件和/或软件状态，在用户请求之前、期间或之后不久收集的传感器信息，数字助理与用户之间的先前交互(例如，对话)，等等。如本文所述，在一些示例中，上下文信息是动态的，并且随对话的时间、位置、内容、以及其他因素而变化。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理基于例如知识本体760。知识本体760为包含许多节点的分级结构，每个节点表示“可执行意图”或与“可执行意图”或其他“属性”中的一者或多者相关的“属性”。如上所述，“可执行意图”表示数字助理能够执行的任务，即，该任务为“可执行的”或可被进行的。“属性”代表与可执行意图或另一属性的子方面相关联的参数。知识本体760中可执行意图节点与属性节点之间的连接限定由属性节点表示的参数如何从属于由可执行意图节点表示的任务。
在一些示例中，知识本体760由可执行意图节点和属性节点组成。在知识本体760内，每个可执行意图节点直接连接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点连接至一个或多个属性节点。类似地，每个属性节点直接连接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点连接至一个或多个可执行意图节点。例如，如图7C所示，知识本体760包括“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”(针对预订)和“派对人数”均直接连接至可执行意图节点(即，“餐厅预订”节点)。
此外，属性节点“菜系”、“价格区间”、“电话号码”和“位置”是属性节点“餐厅”的子节点，并且均通过中间属性节点“餐厅”连接至“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。又如，如图7C所示，知识本体760还包括“设定提醒”节点(即，另一个可执行意图节点)。属性节点“日期/时间”(针对设定提醒)和“主题”(针对提醒)均连接至“设定提醒”节点。由于属性“日期/时间”与进行餐厅预订的任务和设定提醒的任务二者相关，因此属性节点“日期/时间”连接至知识本体760中的“餐厅预订”节点和“设定提醒”节点二者。
可执行意图节点连同其链接的属性节点一起，被描述为“域”。在本讨论中，每个域与相应的可执行意图相关联，并是指与特定可执行意图相关联的一组节点(以及这些节点之间的关系)。例如，图7C中示出的知识本体760包括在知识本体760内的餐厅预订域762的示例和提醒域764的示例。餐厅预订域包括可执行意图节点“餐厅预订”、属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”和“派对人数”以及子属性节点“菜系”、“价格范围”、“电话号码”和“位置”。提醒域764包括可执行意图节点“设定提醒”和属性节点“主题”和“日期/时间”。在一些示例中，知识本体760由多个域组成。每个域与一个或多个其他域共享一个或多个属性节点。例如，除了餐厅预订域762和提醒域764之外，“日期/时间”属性节点还与许多不同域(例如，行程安排域、旅行预订域、电影票域等)相关联。
尽管图7C示出知识本体760内的两个示例性域，但其他域包括例如“查找电影”、“发起电话呼叫”、“查找方向”、“安排会议”、“发送消息”以及“提供问题的回答”、“阅读列表”、“提供导航指令”、“提供针对任务的指令”等。“发送消息”域与“发送消息”可执行意图节点相关联，并且进一步包括属性节点诸如“一个或多个接收人”、“消息类型”和“消息正文”。属性节点“接收人”进一步例如由子属性节点诸如“接收人姓名”和“消息地址”来限定。
在一些示例中，知识本体760包括数字助理能够理解并对其起作用的所有域(以及因而可执行意图)。在一些示例中，知识本体760诸如通过添加或移除整个域或节点，或者通过修改知识本体760内的节点之间的关系进行修改。
在一些示例中，将与多个相关可执行意图相关联的节点群集在知识本体760中的“超级域”下。例如，“旅行”超级域包括与旅行相关的属性节点和可执行意图节点的群集。与旅行相关的可执行意图节点包括“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“获取路线”、“寻找兴趣点”，等等。同一超级域(例如，“旅行”超级域)下的可执行意图节点具有多个共用的属性节点。例如，针对“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“获取路线”和“寻找兴趣点”的可执行意图节点共享属性节点“起始位置”、“目的地”、“出发日期/时间”、“到达日期/时间”和“派对人数”中的一者或多者。
在一些示例中，知识本体760中的每个节点与跟由节点代表的属性或可执行意图有关的一组字词和/或短语相关联。与每个节点相关联的相应的一组字词和/或短语是所谓的与节点相关联的“词汇”。将与每个节点相关联的相应的一组字词和/或短语存储在与由节点所代表的属性或可执行意图相关联的词汇索引744中。例如，返回图7B，与“餐厅”属性的节点相关联的词汇包括字词诸如“美食”、“酒水”、“菜系”、“饥饿”、“吃”、“披萨”、“快餐”、“膳食”等。又如，与“发起电话呼叫”可执行意图的节点相关联的词汇包括字词和短语诸如“呼叫”、“打电话”、“拨打”、“与……通电话”、“呼叫该号码”、“打电话给”等。词汇索引744任选地包括不同语言的字词和短语。
自然语言处理模块732接收来自STT处理模块730的候选文本表示(例如，一个或多个文本串或一个或多个符号序列)，并针对每个候选表示，确定候选文本表示中的字词涉及哪些节点。在一些示例中，如果发现候选文本表示中的字词或短语(经由词汇索引744)与知识本体760中的一个或多个节点相关联，则所述字词或短语“触发”或“激活”那些节点。基于已激活节点的数量和/或相对重要性，自然语言处理模块732选择可执行意图中的一个可执行意图作为用户打算使数字助理执行的任务。在一些示例中，选择具有最多“已触发”节点的域。在一些示例中，选择具有最高置信度(例如，基于其各个已触发节点的相对重要性)的域。在一些示例中，基于已触发节点的数量和重要性的组合来选择域。在一些示例中，在选择节点的过程中还考虑附加因素，诸如数字助理先前是否已正确解译来自用户的类似请求。
用户数据748包括特定于用户的信息，诸如特定于用户的词汇、用户偏好、用户地址、用户的默认第二语言、用户的联系人列表，以及每位用户的其他短期或长期信息。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732使用特定于用户的信息来补充用户输入中所包含的信息以进一步限定用户意图。例如，针对用户请求“邀请我的朋友参加我的生日派对”，自然语言处理模块732能够访问用户数据748以确定“朋友”是哪些人以及“生日派对”将于何时何地举行，而不需要用户在其请求中明确地提供此类信息。
应认识到，在一些示例中，利用一个或多个机器学习机构(例如，神经网络)来实现自然语言处理模块732。具体地，一个或多个机器学习机构被配置为接收候选文本表示和与候选文本表示相关联的上下文信息。基于候选文本表示和相关联的上下文信息，一个或多个机器学习机构被配置为基于一组候选可执行意图确定意图置信度得分。自然语言处理模块732可基于所确定的意图置信度得分从一组候选可执行意图中选择一个或多个候选可执行意图。在一些示例中，还利用知识本体(例如，知识本体760)从一组候选可执行意图中选择一个或多个候选可执行意图。
基于符号串搜索知识本体的其他细节在提交于2008年12月22日的名为“Methodand Apparatus for Searching Using An Active Ontology”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号12/341743中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，一旦自然语言处理模块732基于用户请求识别出可执行意图(或域)，自然语言处理模块732便生成结构化查询以表示所识别的可执行意图。在一些示例中，结构化查询包括针对可执行意图的域内的一个或多个节点的参数，并且所述参数中的至少一些参数填充有用户请求中指定的特定信息和要求。例如，用户说“帮我在寿司店预订晚上7点的座位。”在这种情况下，自然语言处理模块732能够基于用户输入将可执行意图正确地识别为“餐厅预订”。根据知识本体，“餐厅预订”域的结构化查询包括参数诸如{菜系}、{时间}、{日期}、{派对人数}等。在一些示例中，基于语音输入和使用STT处理模块730从语音输入得出的文本，自然语言处理模块732针对餐厅预订域生成部分结构化查询，其中部分结构化查询包括参数{菜系＝“寿司类”}以及{时间＝“晚上7点”}。然而，在该示例中，用户话语包含不足以完成与域相关联的结构化查询的信息。因此，基于当前可用信息，在结构化查询中未指定其他必要参数诸如{派对人数}和{日期}。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732用所接收的上下文信息来填充结构化查询的一些参数。例如，在一些示例中，如果用户请求“附近的”寿司店，自然语言处理模块732用来自用户设备的GPS坐标来填充结构化查询中的{位置}参数。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732识别针对从STT处理模块730所接收的每个候选文本表示的多个候选可执行意图。另外，在一些示例中，针对每个所识别的候选可执行意图生成相应的结构化查询(部分地或全部地)。自然语言处理模块732确定针对每个候选可执行意图的意图置信度得分，并基于意图置信度得分对候选可执行意图进行排名。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732将所生成的一个或多个结构化查询(包括任何已完成的参数)传送至任务流处理模块736(“任务流处理器”)。在一些示例中，针对m个最佳(例如，m个排名最高的)候选可执行意图的一个或多个结构化查询被提供给任务流处理模块736，其中m为预先确定的大于零的整数。在一些示例中，将针对m个最佳候选可执行意图的一个或多个结构化查询连同对应的一个或多个候选文本表示提供给任务流处理模块736。
基于根据语音输入的多个候选文本表示所确定的多个候选可执行意图推断用户意图的其他细节在2014年6月6日提交的名称为“System and Method for Inferring UserIntent From Speech Inputs”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号14/298725中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
任务流处理模块736被配置为接收来自自然语言处理模块732的一个或多个结构化查询，(必要时)完成结构化查询，以及执行“完成”用户最终请求所需的动作。在一些示例中，完成这些任务所必需的各种过程在任务流模型754中提供。在一些示例中，任务流模型754包括用于获取来自用户的附加信息的过程，以及用于执行与可执行意图相关联的动作的任务流。
如上所述，为了完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736需要发起与用户的附加对话，以便获取附加信息和/或弄清可能有歧义的话语。当有必要进行此类交互时，任务流处理模块736调用对话流处理模块734来参与同用户的对话。在一些示例中，对话流处理器模块734确定如何(和/或何时)向用户请求附加信息，并且接收和处理用户响应。通过I/O处理模块728将问题提供给用户并从用户接收回答。在一些示例中，对话流处理模块734经由可听输出和/或视觉输出向用户呈现对话输出，并经由口头或物理(例如，点击)响应接收来自用户的输入。继续上述示例，在任务流处理模块736调用对话流处理模块734来确定针对与域“餐厅预订”相关联的结构化查询的“派对人数”和“日期”信息时，对话流处理模块734生成诸如“一行几位？”和“预订哪天？”之类的问题传递给用户。一旦收到来自用户的回答，对话流处理模块734就用缺失信息填充结构化查询，或将信息传递给任务流处理模块736以根据结构化查询完成缺失信息。
一旦任务流处理模块736已针对可执行意图完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736便开始执行与可执行意图相关联的最终任务。因此，任务流处理模块736根据结构化查询中包含的特定参数来执行任务流模型中的步骤和指令。例如，针对可执行意图“餐厅预订”的任务流模型包括用于联系餐厅并实际上请求在特定时间针对特定派对人数的预订的步骤和指令。例如，使用结构化查询诸如：{餐厅预订、餐厅＝ABC咖啡馆、日期＝3/12/2012、时间＝7pm、派对人数＝5}，任务流处理模块736可执行以下步骤：(1)登录ABC咖啡馆的服务器或诸如
的餐厅预订系统，(2)以网站上的形式输入日期、时间和派对人数信息，(3)提交表单，以及(4)在用户的日历中形成针对预订的日历条目。
在一些示例中，任务流处理模块736在服务处理模块738(“服务处理模块”)的辅助下完成用户输入中所请求的任务或者提供用户输入中所请求的信息性回答。例如，服务处理模块738代表任务流处理模块736发起电话呼叫、设定日历条目、调用地图搜索、调用用户设备上安装的其他用户应用程序或与所述其他应用程序进行交互，以及调用第三方服务(例如，餐厅预订门户网站、社交网站、银行门户网站等)或与第三方服务进行交互。在一些示例中，通过服务模型756中的相应服务模型指定每项服务所需的协议和应用程序编程接口(API)。服务处理模块738针对服务访问适当的服务模型，并依据服务模型根据该服务所需的协议和API生成针对该服务的请求。
例如，如果餐厅已启用在线预订服务，则餐厅提交服务模型，该服务模型指定进行预订的必要参数以及将必要参数的值传送至在线预订服务的API。在被任务流处理模块736请求时，服务处理模块738可使用存储在服务模型中的Web地址来建立与在线预订服务的网络连接，并将预订的必要参数(例如，时间、日期、派对人数)以根据在线预订服务的API的格式发送至在线预订界面。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732、对话流处理模块734以及任务流处理模块736被共同且反复地使用，以推断并限定用户的意图、获取信息以进一步明确并细化用户意图并最终生成响应(即，输出至用户，或完成任务)以满足用户的意图。所生成的响应是至少部分地满足用户意图的对语音输入的对话响应。另外，在一些示例中，所生成的响应被输出为语音输出。在这些示例中，所生成的响应被发送到语音合成处理模块740(例如，语音合成器)，其中可处理所生成的响应以将对话响应以语音形式合成。在其他示例中，所生成的响应是与满足语音输入中的用户请求相关的数据内容。
在任务流处理模块736接收到来自自然语言处理模块732的多个结构化查询的示例中，任务流处理模块736首先处理所接收结构化查询的第一结构化查询以试图完成第一结构化查询和/或执行由第一结构化查询所表示的一个或多个任务或动作。在一些示例中，第一结构化查询对应于排名最高的可执行意图。在其他示例中，第一结构化查询选自基于对应的语音识别置信度得分和对应的意图置信度得分的组合而接收的结构化查询。在一些示例中，如果任务流处理模块736在第一结构化查询的处理期间(例如，由于无法确定必要的参数)遇到错误，任务流处理模块736可继续选择和处理所接收的结构化查询中与排名较低的可执行意图对应的第二结构化查询。例如基于对应候选文本表示的语音识别置信度得分、对应候选可执行意图的意图置信度得分、第一结构化查询中的缺失的必要参数或它们的任何组合来选择第二结构化查询。
语音合成处理模块740被配置为合成用于呈现给用户的语音输出。语音合成处理模块740基于数字助理提供的文本来合成语音输出。例如，所生成的对话响应是文本串的形式。语音合成处理模块740将文本串转换成可听语音输出。语音合成处理模块740使用任何适当语音合成技术，以便从文本生成语音输出，包括但不限于：拼接合成、单元选择合成、双音素合成、特定于域的合成、共振峰合成、发音合成、基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的合成以及正弦波合成。在一些示例中，语音合成处理模块740被配置为基于对应于这些字词的音素串来合成各个字词。例如，音素串与所生成的对话响应中的字词相关联。音素串存储在与字词相关联的元数据中。语音合成处理模块740被配置为直接处理元数据中的音素串，以合成语音形式的字词。
在一些示例中，替代使用语音合成处理模块740(或除此之外)，在远程设备(例如，服务器系统108)上执行语音合成，并且将合成的语音发送至用户设备以输出给用户。例如，这可发生在一些具体实施中，其中在服务器系统处生成数字助理的输出。而且由于服务器系统通常比用户设备具有更强的处理能力或更多的资源，其有可能获得比客户端侧合成将实现的质量更高的语音输出。
有关数字助理的附加细节可见于提交于2011年1月10日的名称为“IntelligentAutomated Assistant”的美国实用新型专利申请12/987982号和提交于2011年9月30日的名称为“Generating and Processing Task Items That Represent Tasks to Perform”的美国实用新型专利申请13/251088号中，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
4.语音命令的多模态输入
图8至图15示出了电子设备。例如，如图8A所示，电子设备800可以是本文所述的任何设备，包括但不限于设备104、200、400和600(图1、图2A、图4和图6A至图6B)。因此，虽然图8至图15中描绘的电子设备可被描绘为移动设备，但应当理解，电子设备可以是任何类型的设备，诸如电话、膝上型计算机、台式计算机、平板电脑、可穿戴设备(例如，智能手表)、机顶盒、电视、家用自动化设备(例如，恒温器)或其任何组合或子组合。此外，本文描述的过程可以由服务器执行，该服务器具有递送到设备并从设备递送的信息、在设备上执行的信息或其组合。
图8A至图8D示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。例如，用户802可与电子设备800进行交互，以便基于触摸输入和语音输入两者来执行互联网搜索。在操作中，电子设备800可接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入。例如，用户802可接触设备800的触敏屏幕以激活示能表示804。示能表示可与设备的一个或多个功能相关联。例如，示能表示可与设备的应用程序或与对应于设备的应用程序的功能相关联。设备的应用程序可包括用于日历、发送和接收消息(例如，电子邮件和/或文本消息)、发起和接收电话呼叫、浏览互联网、捕获和查看照片、查看地图、收听音乐等的应用程序。在一些示例中，示能表示与对应于设备的应用程序的功能相关联。在一些示例中，示能表示可以是屏幕上的预定义的图形对象。例如，示能表示可包括显示在屏幕上的可选择元素，诸如可选择图像(例如，对应于应用程序的图标)、可选择按钮(例如，应用程序内的功能)、可选择文本(例如，一个或多个显示的字词)。例如，示能表示可以是照片的缩略图、网页上的链接或其他元素、音乐应用程序内的歌曲或专辑、日历事件、电子邮件或文本消息、地图的位置或区域，虚拟的或其他3D环境的位置或区域、游戏或其他模拟内的元素或者与屏幕上的任何应用程序或其他元素相关联的位置或区域。
在一些示例中，示能表示可对应于基于用户输入的所显示内容的一般区域。例如，示能表示可与一张或多张照片相关联，诸如照片的一部分。例如，由于用户可打开照片应用程序内的照片并且触摸所显示照片的特定区域，诸如照片拐角中的深色区域。照片的该部分可对应于围绕照片的预先确定的区域，诸如其中心位于用户输入的位置处的具有预先确定的区域的圆或矩形。示能表示可因此基于用户输入对应于照片的预先确定的区域。
在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示804的激活的第一输入可包括检测不同类型的输入。例如，用户输入可与不同的压力相关联，使得示能表示由与大于预先确定的阈值的压力相关联的输入激活。在一些示例中，当用户以大于预先确定的阈值的压力按压示能表示时，该示能表示被激活。在一些示例中，当用户以小于预先确定的阈值的压力按压示能表示时，该示能表示未被激活。预先确定的阈值可进一步由用户调整或以其他方式调整，以便优化对用于示能表示激活的用户输入的检测。在一些示例中，可检测多个用户输入以便激活示能表示。例如，用户可多次“轻击”示能表示，并且此类轻击可具有不同的持续时间。在一些示例中，第一轻击可具有较短的持续时间，并且与第一轻击相同的位置处的第二轻击可具有较长的持续时间。在一些示例中，设备屏幕上的一个或多个其他手势可引起对示能表示的激活。例如，用户可在屏幕的位置上轻击并且执行手势，以便围绕屏幕的特定部分绘制圆形或其他形状。例如，在地图应用程序中，用户可围绕地图上显示的城市或州的特定区域绘制圆。在照片中，用户可例如围绕照片的特定部分绘制矩形。在一些示例中，示能表示可通过其他方式激活，诸如基于用户注视的眼睛跟踪。
在一些示例中，示能表示可经由第二设备激活。例如，示能表示可通过机顶盒显示在设备诸如电视上，并且对示能表示的激活可包括从辅助设备诸如远程控制器或智能电话接收输入。在一些示例中，智能电话或远程控制器可以与机顶盒通信，以与在相关联的电视上显示的不同示能表示进行交互。例如，用户可与智能电话进行交互以聚焦于电视上显示的不同示能表示，并且可借助于本文所讨论的任何方式激活所显示的示能表示，诸如通过变化的压力水平、不同的轻击、轻扫手势，等等。例如，可以在电视上显示一个或多个媒体项(例如，电影或节目)，并且用户可以通过按下辅助设备上的输入同时聚焦于电视上显示的媒体项来激活媒体项。
在一些示例中，对示能表示的激活可使得在屏幕上显示一个或多个输出。例如，参考图8B，响应于用户802激活示能表示804，输出806在激活的示能表示804附近显示。在一些示例中，输出806可包括激活的示能表示的暂时放大、围绕激活的示能表示的“光晕”或激活的示能表示的视觉振动。在一些示例中，输出可显示在设备的屏幕上的另一位置上，诸如在屏幕的拐角中以及/或者在屏幕的顶部或底部处。在一些示例中，除视觉输出之外或代替视觉输出，输出可包括一个或多个触觉输出或听觉输出。响应于对示能表示的激活而显示的输出可向用户发信号通知用户可以开始与激活的示能表示相关联的语音输入。例如，可向用户提供还对应于设备的语音识别功能的听觉输出、视觉输出和/或触觉输出，以便向用户指示语音识别已经开始或将很快开始。
在一些示例中，电子设备800确定与示能表示相关联的域。例如，当用户802激活示能表示804时，确定与示能表示804相关联的域。与示能表示相关联的域可例如表示对应于示能表示的一般功能。与示能表示相关联的域可进一步与相应的可执行意图和一个或多个属性节点相关联，如本文所述。例如，对应于餐厅预订应用程序的示能表示可与可执行意图节点“餐厅预订”相关联，并且可进一步对应于属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”和“同行人数”，以及子属性节点“菜系”、“价格范围”、“电话号码”和“位置”。例如，与示能表示相关联的域还可包括多个域，或者可包括数字助理能够理解或起作用的所有域。
在一些示例中，确定与示能表示相关联的域包括确定与激活的示能表示相关联的至少一个属性。例如，示能表示804可对应于web浏览器应用程序，其中该web浏览器应用程序与互联网搜索属性相关联。在一些示例中，可以基于过去的用户交互、设备历史、设备位置等对与示能表示相关联的属性进行加权、优先排序或以其他方式排序。例如，如果用户802频繁访问与烹饪或美食相关的网站，则web浏览器应用程序可与互联网搜索属性相关联，其中美食属性优先排序。在一些示例中，识别对应于至少一个确定属性的至少一个可执行意图节点。例如，响应于确定示能表示804与互联网搜索属性相关联，识别对应于互联网搜索的可执行意图节点。在一些示例中，与激活的示能表示相关联的属性包括常用于触发对应于激活的示能表示的功能的动词或短语。例如，对应于web浏览器的示能表示804可与动词或短语诸如“查找”、“转到”、“搜索”、“什么”相关联，其中然后在此类动词或短语之后通常是用户希望执行互联网搜索的内容或者用户希望访问的网站。如本文进一步讨论的，可基于包括共有的动词或短语的至少一个属性来确定域，使得可确定用户意图，而无需用户在激活示能表示并且向设备提供语音时说出此类动词或短语。
在一些示例中，电子设备800接收包括用户语音的第二输入。例如，在激活对应于web浏览器的示能表示804时，用户802可提供包括短语“库比蒂诺的最佳餐厅”的语音808，其目标是打开web浏览器以执行对加利福尼亚州库比蒂诺的餐厅的互联网搜索。包括语音808的输入可在设备800处直接接收自用户802，或者可接收自辅助设备。例如，在激活的示能表示对应于电视上的示能表示的情况下，用户可经由辅助设备诸如远程控制器、智能电话、手表、蓝牙耳机、扬声器等提供语音。
在一些示例中，对音频输入进行采样以便接收包括用户语音的第二输入。例如，可在激活示能表示的第一输入之前对音频输入进行采样，或者可在激活示能表示时对音频输入进行采样。在一些示例中，预先确定的持续时间的音频数据被连续存储，诸如最近的持续时间的音频。根据接收到第一输入，获得预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据，并且从预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据接收包括用户语音的第二输入的至少一部分。例如，如果用户开始提供语音输入808，但尚未激活示能表示804，则当用户在开始讲话后不久激活示能表示804时，基于所存储的预先确定的持续时间的音频，仍然捕获完整的语音输入“库比蒂诺的最佳餐厅”。
在一些示例中，基于是否保持第一输入来对音频输入进行采样。例如，用户802可通过按压并且保持在示能表示804上来激活示能表示804，并且可响应于检测到用户802已经将示能表示804上的输入保持预先确定的持续时间或通过使用预先确定的压力量来对音频输入进行采样。在一些示例中，响应于检测对音频输入进行采样，并且继续采样，直到确定用户802不再保持示能表示804上的输入。在一些示例中，继续采样，直到确定用户不再讲话。例如，音频输入的采样可由示能表示804上的一个或多个用户输入触发，并且无论用户是否与示能表示保持接触，音频采样都可继续进行。然后确定预先确定的持续时间的音频，诸如最近的持续时间是否包括用户语音。根据确定预先确定的持续时间的音频不包括用户语音，中止对音频输入进行采样。
在一些示例中，电子设备800基于域和用户语音来确定用户意图。例如，STT处理模块730可产生语音输入的多个候选文本表示，并且候选文本表示被传递到自然语言处理模块732以用于基于所识别的域进行意图推断，如本文所述。例如，基于确定示能表示804与互联网搜索属性相关联，用于互联网搜索的可执行意图节点被用作意图确定的基础。在一些示例中，可基于激活的示能表示804或与激活的示能表示804相关联的至少一个属性来对候选文本解释进行加权或优先排序。例如，在用户激活联系人应用程序并且用户具有名为“Bob Mills”的联系人(与名为“Nob Hill”的商店相反)的情况下，“呼叫Bob Mills”的候选文本表示的权重可高于“呼叫Nob Hill”的候选文本表示的权重。在一些示例中，激活的示能表示804或与激活的示能表示804相关联的至少一个属性可以使候选文本表示无效。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732将候选文本表示中的每个候选文本表示与同用于互联网搜索的可执行意图节点相关联的一个或多个可执行意图相关联。用于互联网搜索的可执行意图节点可以链接到与互联网搜索相关的属性节点，诸如与搜索查询的类型、位置约束、用户偏好、保存的网站等相关的属性节点。在一些示例中，如本文所讨论的，域可基于包括与激活的示能表示相关联的动词或短语(例如，与包括web浏览器应用程序的示能表示804相关联的“查找”、“转到”、“搜索”和/或“什么”)的至少一个属性来确定。例如，设备800可在用户不参考此类动词或短语的情况下确定用户意图。例如，基于对应于web浏览器应用程序的域和用户语音“库比蒂诺的最佳餐厅”，设备800可确定用户打算搜索库比蒂诺的餐厅，使得完整的搜索查询可表示为“查找库比蒂诺的最佳餐厅”。
在一些示例中，响应于接收包括语音的第二输入，提供一个或多个输出。例如，参考图8C，可提供用户语音808的转录810。在一些示例中，可响应于用户提供语音而提供转录810。在一些示例中，当用户正在向设备提供语音时提供转录810，使得在用户讲话时顺序地显示不同的字符或字词。例如，转录810可占据屏幕的预先确定的区域，诸如屏幕的顶部、中部或底部。在一些示例中，通过在激活的示能表示804附近显示转录来提供转录810，诸如在激活的示能表示804的上方、下方、左侧、右侧或拐角附近。在一些示例中，在接收第二语音输入(例如，“空”转录)之前提供与转录810相关联的转录输出区域，使得响应于接收包括对示能表示804的激活的输入而提供转录输出区域。例如，用户可激活示能表示804，并且作为响应，显示包括空转录的转录输出区域以指示设备正在对音频数据进行采样。响应于接收包括语音的第二输入，在转录输出区域中提供包括转录810的输出。在一些示例中，转录810或转录输出区域的显示使得背景内容变暗和/或模糊，使得输出和/或激活的示能表示上的聚焦增强。在一些示例中，转录810可占据整个屏幕并且在预先确定的时间量之后消失。在一些示例中，转录810可与预先确定的不透明度相关联，并且可基于所显示的内容、用户偏好或其他上下文信息来进一步动态地调整此类不透明度。
在一些示例中，电子设备800确定用户意图是否包括与示能表示相关联的命令。在一些示例中，可至少部分地基于用户语音、激活的示能表示、所显示的内容或其他上下文信息来确定命令。例如，根据确定用户意图对应于互联网搜索，确定用户意图包括调用web浏览器以基于用户语音输入，诸如基于“库比蒂诺的最佳餐厅”的语音输入808，执行互联网搜索的命令。
在一些示例中，根据确定用户意图包括与该示能表示相关联的命令，电子设备800执行推进该命令的任务。例如，参见图8D，根据确定用户意图包括执行互联网搜索的命令，设备800确定互联网搜索是否对应于与web浏览器相关联的激活的示能表示804。设备800可确定web浏览器包括用于执行互联网搜索的功能，从而确定用户意图包括与示能表示804相关联的命令。响应于该确定，执行任务，诸如打开web浏览器812。该任务还可包括自动填充搜索字段814，该搜索字段包括用户语音802的转录，诸如“库比蒂诺的最佳餐厅”。在一些示例中，相对于执行互联网搜索的命令，该任务还可包括基于用户语音的转录来执行互联网搜索，以及基于所执行的搜索来显示结果816。
在一些示例中，如本文所公开的，示能表示804可对应于web浏览器应用程序，其中对示能表示的激活和后续语音输入通过调用应用程序来促进对应任务的执行。在一些示例中，示能表示804可对应于其他应用程序，诸如用于地图、餐厅评价、天气、音乐、活动监测、健康、视频(例如，所存储的视频或实时流)、社交媒体、运动、导航、在线购物、游戏、财务、驾驶服务等的应用程序。例如，用户可激活地图应用程序的示能表示并且提供包括“到家的路线”的语音输入，使得地图应用程序被调用，其中目的地基于用户配置文件信息而自动填充用户的家。又如，用户可激活餐厅评价应用程序的示能表示并且提供包括“John’sRestaurant如何”的语音输入，使得餐厅评价应用程序与所显示的“John’s Restaurant”的评价页面一起被调用。又如，用户可激活音乐应用程序的示能表示并且提供包括“播放经典摇滚歌曲”的语音输入，使得音乐应用程序被调用并且进一步使得对应于“经典摇滚”播放列表的歌曲通过设备的一个或多个扬声器播放。
图9示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。例如，用户902可与电子设备900进行交互，以便在日历应用程序904内执行一个或多个动作。在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入，诸如对示能表示904的激活。例如，示能表示904可与日历应用程序904内的日历条目相关联。日历应用程序内的其他示能表示可被激活，诸如用于搜索的示能表示、用于移动到不同视图的示能表示或用于选择特定日期和/或时间(诸如一天中的特定小时、一个月中的若干天、一年中的月份或特定年份)的示能表示。在一些示例中，确定与示能表示904相关联的域。例如，可以基于对日历条目的激活来确定与“事件”、“行程安排”、“会议”、“规划”等中的一者或多者相关联的域。在一些示例中，域可以与用于一般属性(诸如“共享”、“删除”、“搜索”等)的属性节点相关联。在一些示例中，接收包括用户语音(诸如用户语音908)的第二输入。用户语音908可包括例如短语“将此移动至明天下午2点”。
在一些示例中，基于所确定的域和所接收的用户语音来确定用户意图。在一些示例中，确定用户意图包括基于上下文信息消除用户语音的歧义。例如，可基于与日历应用程序904相关联的信息来消除歧义术语，诸如用户语音908“将此移动至明天下午2点”中的“此”的歧义。在一些示例中，对“这个”、“那个”、“那些”、“这些”等的引用可基于当前激活的示能表示来消除歧义。例如，语音“将此移动至明天下午2点”中的歧义术语“此”可对应于激活的示能表示904。例如，激活的示能表示904可对应于“与John的会议”的日历条目。然后确定歧义术语“此”是指针对“与John的会议”的日历条目。
在一些示例中，所确定的“事件”的域可与“事件名称”、“日期/时间”、“参与者”、“创建事件”、“改变事件”等的属性节点相关联。例如，用于“改变事件”的节点可基于从用户语音908生成的文本“移动”来激活。例如，可基于消除歧义的文本“此”(意指“与John的会议”)来激活用于“事件名称”的节点。“日期/时间”的节点可基于文本“明天下午2点”来激活。基于使用所确定的域激活可执行意图节点，设备900可确定用户意图对应于将日历条目904的定时改变为第二天下午2点的命令。
在一些示例中，根据确定用户意图包括与示能表示904相关联的命令，执行推进该命令的任务。例如，响应于确定用户意图对应于改变日历条目904的定时的命令，设备900可改变与日历条目904相关联的定时信息，诸如将条目的日期改变为第二天，并且将时间改变为下午2点。设备900可进一步显示一个或多个界面，诸如日历应用程序906内的视觉描绘，包括第二天和安排在第二天的日历事件904(未示出)。在一些示例中，与日历应用程序906内的示能表示相关联的其他命令可包括用于创建新的日历条目、移动到日历上的不同日期、向日历事件的参与者发送消息或提醒、为日历事件设置提醒等的命令。
图10示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。例如，用户1002可与电子设备1000进行交互，以便在电子邮件应用程序1006内执行一个或多个动作。在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入，诸如对示能表示1004的激活。示能表示1004可对应于多个电子邮件内的电子邮件。在一些示例中，电子邮件应用程序1006应用程序内的附加示能表示可被激活，诸如用于创建新的电子邮件、改变邮箱、删除电子邮件、存档或改变电子邮件的文件夹、打开电子邮件附件、编辑多个电子邮件等的示能表示。在一些示例中，确定与示能表示1004相关联的域。例如，可基于对日历条目的激活来确定与“即时消息”或“电子邮件”中的一者或多者相关联的域。在一些示例中，基于与电子邮件应用程序1004相关联的特定类型的电子邮件账户来确定“商铺”、“个人”等中的一者的域。在一些示例中，接收包括用户语音(诸如用户语音1008)的第二输入。例如，用户语音1008可包括短语“创建与该电子邮件上的每个人的会议”。
在一些示例中，基于所确定的域和所接收的用户语音1008来确定用户意图。例如，为了确定用户意图，可基于上下文信息来消除用户语音的歧义。用户语音1008中的歧义短语诸如“该电子邮件上的每个人”可基于与电子邮件应用程序1006相关联的信息来消除歧义。例如，歧义短语可被确定为对应于激活的示能表示1004，该激活的示能表示与发送给一个或多个接收人诸如“CJ Olson”的电子邮件相关联。然后确定歧义短语“该电子邮件上的每个人”是指该电子邮件上与激活的示能表示1004相关联的所有接收人。
在一些示例中，所确定的“即时消息”或“电子邮件”的域可与用于“参与者”、“回复”、“回复全部”、“转发”、“添加接收人”、“新事件”、“删除电子邮件”等的属性节点相关联。例如，可基于从用户语音1008生成的文本“创建会议”来激活用于“新事件”的节点。例如，可基于消除歧义的文本“每个人”(意指与激活的示能表示1004相关联的电子邮件的接收人)来激活用于“接收人”的节点。基于使用所确定的域激活可执行意图节点，设备1000可确定用户意图对应于用于创建新事件的命令，其中参与者对应于与激活的示能表示1004相关联的电子邮件接收人。
在一些示例中，根据确定用户意图包括与示能表示1004相关联的命令，执行推进该命令的任务。例如，响应于确定用户意图对应于用于创建与对应于电子邮件1004的接收人的参与者的新会议的命令，设备1000可发起一个或多个界面以创建新会议。例如，可调用日历应用程序并且创建新事件(未示出)。新事件可以用参与者姓名自动填充，包括电子邮件1004的接收人。在一些示例中，如果需要附加信息以便执行推进命令的任务，则可提示用户提供附加输入。例如，包括“创建与该电子邮件上的每个人的会议”的用户语音1008不包括有关新会议的日期或时间的信息。响应于确定需要附加信息来创建新会议，诸如会议的日期和时间，设备1000可向用户输出提示，诸如“您想要将会议安排在什么时间？”在接收来自用户的满足对附加信息的请求的附加输入时，任务可通过例如用由用户提供的附加信息自动填充新的会议条目来完成。设备1000还可以显示一个或多个界面，诸如包括参与者的安排的会议的视觉描绘。在一些示例中，与邮件应用程序1006内的示能表示相关联的其他命令可包括用于创建新的邮件、删除或移动邮件、打印邮件、转发或回复邮件、显示未读消息、移动至新邮件文件夹、创建新邮件文件夹等的命令。
图11示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。例如，用户1102可与电子设备1100进行交互，以便在地图应用程序1106内执行一个或多个动作。在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入，诸如对示能表示1104的激活。示能表示1104可与所显示的地图的位置诸如商铺位置、家、街道、公园等相关联。在一些示例中，示能表示1104可与地图的一般区域相关联。例如，用户1102可执行导致在所显示的地图上创建形状(例如，圆形、矩形、定制形状等)的一个或多个轻扫手势。例如，包括在用户创建的形状内的所显示地图的内容可对应于激活的示能表示1104。
在一些示例中，确定与示能表示1104相关联的域。例如，可确定与地理域相关联的域。在一些示例中，示能表示1104内的内容可用于确定域。例如，如果示能表示1104包括加利福尼亚州库比蒂诺市，则可确定“库比蒂诺”和/或“加利福尼亚州”的域。在一些示例中，接收包括用户语音(诸如用户语音1108)的第二输入。例如，用户语音1108可包括短语“在这周围有好的意大利餐厅吗？”。
在一些示例中，基于所确定的域和所接收的用户语音1108来确定用户意图。在一些示例中，为了确定用户意图，基于上下文信息消除用户语音的歧义。例如，可基于所显示的内容来消除用户语音诸如“在这周围”中的歧义术语的歧义。在一些示例中，可确定示能表示类型，并且如果示能表示类型对应于预先确定的类型，则确定与所显示的内容相关联的属性。例如，该属性随后用于确定用户意图。在一些示例中，示能表示1104可与位置类型相关联。继而，与地图应用程序1106内的所显示内容相关联的属性用于消除用户语音的歧义。例如，示能表示1104可包括包含在用户1102在地图应用程序1106内绘制的形状内的特定区域。例如，用户可围绕地图应用程序1106内的特定区域绘制圆形、正方形、矩形或任何其他自由形状。与特定区域内的位置相关联的属性可用于消除用户语音的歧义。例如，从用户语音1108生成的“在这周围”的文本可被解析为用户绘制的圆内的任何位置的含义。又如，示能表示1104可对应于特定位置，诸如商铺位置。在这种情况下，从用户语音1108生成的“在这周围”的文本可被解析为距商铺位置预先确定的距离内(例如，距该位置5英里内)的任何位置的含义。
在一些示例中，所确定的地理域可与用于“查找位置”、“路线规划”、“交通信息”、“商铺信息”、“餐厅信息”等的属性节点相关联。例如，可基于从用户语音1108生成的文本“任何”或“任何好的”来激活“查找位置”的节点。用于“餐厅信息”的节点可基于文本“意大利餐厅”来激活。针对消除歧义的文本“在这周围”，可诸如针对“位置”激活用于“查找位置”的子节点。基于使用所确定的域对可执行意图节点的激活，设备1100可确定用户意图对应于在对应于激活的示能表示1104的位置的5英里范围内查找意大利餐厅的命令。
在一些示例中，根据确定用户意图包括与示能表示1104相关联的命令，执行推进该命令的任务。例如，响应于确定用户意图对应于查找意大利餐厅，设备1100可显示包括在激活位置5英里范围内供应意大利餐的所有餐厅的界面(未示出)。在一些示例中，根据确定用户意图不包括与示能表示相关联的命令，提供与该示能表示相关联的至少一个命令。例如，在与地图应用程序1106进行交互时，用户可激活示能表示1104并且提供包括“向这些人发送新的电子邮件”的语音输入。设备1000可确定语音输入对应于发送新的电子邮件的命令，但是可进一步确定与地图应用程序1106内的示能表示1104相关联的命令不包括用于发送新的电子邮件的命令。响应于该确定，提供与示能表示1104相关联的至少一个命令。例如，设备1100可提供与示能表示1104相关联的示例性命令，诸如“您可以说‘查找在这周围的电影放映时间’”或者“尝试说‘这里和旧金山之间的交通需要多长时间’”。在一些示例中，与地图应用程序1106内的示能表示相关联的其他命令可包括用于查找另选路线、定位营业的商铺、查找音乐会或其他活动、搜索公共交通等的命令。
图12示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。例如，用户1202可与电子设备1200进行交互，以便在媒体应用程序1206内执行一个或多个动作。在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入，诸如对示能表示1204的激活。媒体应用程序1206内的示能表示可与一个或多个媒体项相关联，诸如照片、视频或一张或多张照片和视频的集合。示能表示1204可对应于多张照片中的照片。可激活媒体应用程序内的其他示能表示，诸如用于移动到不同组的媒体项(例如，从不同的日、月或年移动到媒体)或选择多个媒体项的示能表示。在一些示例中，确定与示能表示1204相关联的域。例如，可基于对照片诸如示能表示1204的激活来确定与“媒体”或“照片”中的一者或多者相关联的域。在一些示例中，接收包括用户语音诸如用户语音1208的第二输入。例如，用户语音1208可包括短语“将此发送给John”。
在一些示例中，基于所确定的域和所接收的用户语音来确定用户意图。在一些示例中，可基于与照片应用程序1206相关联的信息来消除歧义术语，诸如用户语音1208“将此发送给John”中的“此”的歧义。在一些示例中，可基于对应于特定照片的当前激活的示能表示1204来消除对“这个”、“那个”、“那些”、“这些”等的引用的歧义。然后确定歧义术语“此”是指由用户输入激活的特定照片。
在一些示例中，所确定的“媒体”或“照片”的域可与用于媒体或照片相关属性诸如“增强”、“对比度”、“亮度”、“裁剪”或其他通用属性诸如“共享”、“删除”等的属性节点相关联。例如，可基于从用户语音1208生成的文本“发送这个”来激活用于“共享”的节点。例如，可基于意指对应于激活的示能表示1204的特定照片的消除歧义的文本来激活用于“照片”的节点。可基于文本“John”来激活对应于“接收人”的用于“共享”的子节点。基于使用所确定的域激活可执行意图节点，设备1200可确定用户意图对应于将特定照片发送给用户通讯录中名为John的联系人的命令。
在一些示例中，根据确定用户意图包括与示能表示1204相关联的命令，执行推进该命令的任务。例如，响应于确定用户意图对应于将特定照片发送至用户通讯录中的名为John的联系人的命令，设备900可显示界面诸如即时消息界面或电子邮件界面。所显示的界面还可以用作为用户联系人“John”的接收人自动填充，并且带有包括经由示能表示1204激活的特定照片的附件。在一些示例中，与照片应用程序1206内的示能表示相关联的其他命令可包括用于编辑媒体、重新布置媒体、删除媒体、创建媒体相册等的命令。
图13示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。例如，用户1302可与电子设备1300进行交互，以便在设备1300的主屏幕上执行一个或多个动作。在一些示例中，设备1300的主屏幕包括一个或多个显示的通知1306。在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入，诸如与通知1306相关联的示能表示1304的激活。通知1306可对应于关于在设备处接收的事件的警报或其他指示，此类通知关于所接收的消息、新闻警报、语音邮件、未接电话、应用程序更新、体育比赛得分，等等。在一些示例中，根据接收到包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入，在该示能表示附近显示第二示能表示。例如，响应于用户1302激活对应于通知1306的示能表示1304，可显示附加示能表示1310和1312。对示能表示1310的激活可使一个或多个任务被执行，诸如将通知标记为完成或稍后向用户提醒通知。还可以显示示能表示1312，并且对示能表示1312的激活可使音频输入被采样。例如，响应于用户1302激活示能表示1312，可对音频输入进行采样以便接收附加的用户语音输入。附加的语音输入可如本文所述进行处理，以便执行与激活的示能表示1304相关联的命令。
图14A至图14B示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。例如，参考图14A，用户1402可与电子设备1400进行交互以便执行口述。在一些示例中，接收包括对文本输入区域1406的激活的输入1404。文本输入区域1406可被包括在用户可在其中输入文本的应用程序内，例如即时消息应用程序、电子邮件应用程序、web浏览器、社交媒体应用程序、记事本应用程序等的文本输入区域。在一些示例中，从辅助设备诸如远程控制器或智能电话接收输入。例如，文本输入区域可与电视上显示的媒体应用程序诸如用于搜索媒体项的搜索栏相关联。辅助设备可经由机顶盒与电视通信，使得用户可以从辅助设备激活电视上的文本输入区域。
在一些示例中，确定对文本输入区域1406的激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联。例如，用户输入可与不同的压力或持续时间相关联。在一些示例中，确定输入是否与预先确定的持续时间的接触相关联。预先确定的输入类型可对应于持续时间大于阈值持续时间(诸如三秒)的任何输入。在一些示例中，确定输入是否包括第一持续时间的第一接触和不同持续时间的第二接触。例如，预先确定的输入类型可对应于短按压之后进行长按压，或者对应于长按压之后进行短按压。在一些示例中，确定包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入是否与大于预先确定的阈值压力的压力相关联。例如，如果用户仅轻击文本输入区域，则文本输入区域不被激活。在一些示例中，当对文本输入区域的激活不与预先确定的输入类型相关联时，激活可与其他输入类型相关联。例如，持续时间短于阈值持续时间以及/或者压力小于预先确定的阈值压力的输入可使一个或多个功能被执行。此类功能可包括例如对菜单1410的激活，该菜单包括用于剪切、复制、粘贴等的功能。
在一些示例中，根据确定对文本输入区域的激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，对音频输入进行采样。例如，可在对文本输入区域1406的激活之前对音频输入进行采样，或者可在激活文本输入区域1406时对音频输入进行采样。在一些示例中，预先确定的持续时间的音频数据被连续存储，诸如最近的持续时间的音频。根据确定对文本输入区域1406的激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，获得预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据，其中基于预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频对音频数据进行采样。任选地，菜单1410还可包括用于激活语音识别的示能表示。例如，当确定输入对应于预先确定的输入类型时，在菜单1410内显示用于激活语音识别的示能表示。在一些示例中，当用户输入激活用于语音识别的示能表示时，可对音频输入进行采样。例如，当用户不激活用于激活语音识别的示能表示时，不发生音频采样。
在一些示例中，可从辅助设备诸如远程控制器、智能电话、手表或蓝牙头戴式耳机对音频输入进行采样。例如，当文本输入区域与电视上显示的应用程序相关联时，用户既可以从辅助设备激活电视上的文本输入区域，又可以通过辅助设备提供音频输入。在一些示例中，在激活文本输入区域时提供输出，诸如视觉输出、听觉输出或触觉输出。例如，由用户握持的设备诸如电子设备1400或辅助设备可响应于对音频输入的采样而振动。该输出可向用户指示正在对音频输入进行采样以用于语音识别，例如以便将用户语音口述到文本输入区域中。
在一些示例中，基于不同的条件对音频输入进行采样。例如，在对音频数据进行采样时，确定是否保持包括对文本输入区域1406的激活的输入。用户可例如通过提供输入1404并且继续接触设备屏幕来激活文本输入区域1406。例如，根据确定包括对文本输入区域1406的激活的输入被保持，继续对音频数据进行采样。在一些示例中，根据确定包括对文本输入区域1406的激活的输入未被保持，中止对音频数据的采样。例如，在接触屏幕十秒并且提供语音输入之后，用户可释放输入1404，然后中止对音频数据的采样。在一些示例中，在对音频数据进行采样时，确定预先确定的持续时间的音频是否包括用户语音，诸如最近的持续时间的音频。根据确定预先确定的持续时间的音频包括用户语音，继续对音频数据进行采样。例如，只要用户继续向设备1400提供语音输入，就将继续对音频数据进行采样。根据确定预先确定的持续时间的音频不包括用户语音，中止对音频数据进行采样。例如，一旦用户停止向设备1400提供音频输入，就停止对音频进行采样。
在一些示例中，基于采样的音频数据来确定文本表示。例如，可在包含用户语音的音频数据被采样时确定文本。在一些示例中，基于预先确定的持续时间的音频数据诸如最近的持续时间的所接收的音频数据来确定文本表示。例如，音频数据被连续接收，并且预先确定的持续时间的音频数据被存储。根据接收到包括对文本输入区域1406的激活的用户输入1404，对所存储的持续时间的音频数据进行采样，其中基于采样持续时间来确定文本表示的至少一部分。例如，参考图14B，尽管尚未激活文本输入区域1406，但如果用户开始提供包括“意大利餐如何”的语音输入1408，则当在用户开始讲话之后不久激活文本输入区域1406时，仍然基于预先确定的持续时间的音频来捕获完整的语音输入“意大利餐如何”。然后所生成的文本的至少一部分基于所存储的持续时间。
在一些示例中，在文本输入区域内提供包括表示的输出。例如，转录1412可显示在文本输入区域1406内。在一些示例中，在基于采样的音频数据确定文本表示时可显示文本表示。例如，当用户说出输入1408时，实时提供语音输入1408的转录1412。
图15A至图15B示出了用于多模态输入的示例性过程。例如，用户1502可以与电子设备1500进行交互，以便确定所显示的示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联。设备1500可显示一个或多个示能表示，诸如示能表示1504。在一些示例中，接收对应于一个或多个示能表示(诸如示能表示1504)的用户输入1502。例如，用户输入可对应于设备的显示器上的接触。在一些示例中，接收输入包括检测显示器附近的对象，诸如用户的手指。例如，一个或多个接近传感器可检测到用户1502的手指定位在示能表示1504附近，诸如在对应于示能表示1504的位置处的显示屏的预先确定的阈值距离内。在一些示例中，接收输入包括检测定位在示能表示上方的光标。例如，当设备对应于个人计算机诸如膝上型电脑时，用户可使用鼠标或触控板来与示能表示进行交互以控制光标。接收输入可包括例如检测由用户控制的光标被定位在所显示的示能表示上方。在一些示例中，用户偏好可确定何时检测此类输入，诸如仅检测示能表示上的直接输入(例如，轻击或触摸)，或者允许检测与示能表示相关的更被动的输入(例如，“鼠标悬停”手势)。在一些示例中，从辅助设备诸如远程控制器或智能电话接收输入。例如，示能表示可显示在经由机顶盒通信地耦接到辅助设备的电视上，其中用户通过辅助设备提供对应于所显示的示能表示的输入。
在一些示例中，确定对应于输入的示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联。例如，一个或多个语音命令可与同示能表示1504相关联的应用程序兼容，该应用程序可对应于电子邮件应用程序。例如，命令“创建新的电子邮件”可与电子邮件应用程序相关联。在一些示例中，某些命令诸如默认命令可与所有或几乎所有示能表示兼容。例如，共享命令、帮助命令、删除命令或搜索命令可与所有或几乎所有示能表示兼容。例如，共享命令可使应用程序或与应用程序相关联的元素(例如，通过文本消息或电子邮件)与另一用户共享。帮助命令可例如使关于示能表示的附加信息被提供给用户。例如，删除命令可以从设备删除应用程序或与示能表示相关联的元素(例如，照片应用程序中的照片)。在一些示例中，搜索命令可发起与应用程序或元素相关联的搜索功能(例如，电子邮件收件箱内的搜索)。
在一些示例中，确定示能表示1504是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联包括确定示能表示1504是否与不包括在多个默认语音命令中的一个或多个语音命令相关联。例如，示能表示可仅与默认语音命令相关联，而不与附加的语音命令相关联。可通过例如由应用程序的供应商向应用程序或与应用程序相关联的元素提供更新来将附加的语音命令与示能表示相关联。
在一些示例中，根据确定示能表示1504与一个或多个语音命令相关联，提供输出1506以指示示能表示1504与一个或多个语音命令相关联。例如，输出1506可在示能表示1504附近显示。输出1506可向用户1502指示示能表示1504可经由例如语音命令进行交互。在一些示例中，将输出显示预先确定的持续时间(例如，三秒)。输出可包括关于语音命令兼容性的一个或多个指示，诸如圆内的多个点。在一些示例中，输出可包括围绕示能表示的视觉效果，诸如光晕或视觉振动。在一些示例中，除视觉输出之外或代替视觉输出，输出可包括听觉输出和/或触觉输出。在一些示例中，除了显示示能表示的设备之外或者代替显示示能表示的设备，在辅助设备处提供输出。例如，用户可经由辅助设备诸如远程控制器或智能电话提供输入。可在辅助设备处提供输出诸如触觉输出，以指示对应于用户输入的示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联。输出还可在附加设备处提供，诸如通信地耦接到显示示能表示的设备和/或辅助设备的智能手表或蓝牙头戴式耳机。
在一些示例中，提供输出1506包括确定是否保持输入。例如，可根据确定第一输入被保持而继续提供输出1506。例如，用户1502可通过暂时接触或在示能表示1504上方悬停手指来提供输入。当用户提供输入时，可继续显示输出1506。根据确定第一输入未被保持(例如，用户释放接触或将手指移动远离示能表示1504)，中止显示输出1506。
图16示出了根据各种示例的用于提供多模态输入的过程1600。例如，使用实现数字助理的一个或多个电子设备来执行过程1600。在一些示例中，使用客户端-服务器系统(例如，系统100)来执行过程1600，并且在服务器(例如，DA服务器106)和客户端设备之间以任何方式来划分过程1600的框。在其他示例中，在服务器和多个客户端设备(例如，移动电话和智能手表)之间划分过程1600的框。因此，虽然过程1600的部分在本文中被描述为由客户端-服务器系统的特定设备执行，但应当理解，过程1600不限于此。在其他示例中，使用仅客户端设备(例如，用户设备104)或仅多个客户端设备来执行过程1600。在过程1600中，一些框被任选地组合，一些框的次序被任选地改变，并且一些框被任选地省略。在一些示例中，可结合过程1600来执行附加步骤。
在框1602处，电子设备接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入。在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入包括：确定第一输入是否与大于预先确定的阈值的压力相关联，并且根据确定第一输入与大于预先确定的阈值的压力相关联，确定接收到第一输入。在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入包括：在电子设备的显示器上的位置处接收与第一持续时间相关联的第一接触，以及在显示器上的位置处接收与第二持续时间相关联的第二接触，其中第二持续时间长于第一持续时间。在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入包括：在电子设备的显示器上的第一位置处接收第一接触，检测显示器上的轻扫手势，在显示器上的第二位置处检测接触的释放，以及基于与第一位置、轻扫手势和第二位置相关联的区域来确定示能表示。这些特征通过基于特定的输入类型(例如，针对现有功能的短按压)保持设备上的现有功能，并且基于各种附加的输入类型(例如，基于压力的输入或基于手势的输入)将功能扩展到语音命令的多模态输入来改进数字助理。换句话讲，系统使不同的输入类型最大化，以便实现多模态功能，而不会降低相对于现有特征的可用性。
在一些示例中，接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入包括检测对应于示能表示的用户注视，其中该注视与预定义的持续时间相关联。在一些示例中，根据接收到包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入，在该示能表示附近显示第二示能表示，接收包括对第二示能表示的激活的第三输入，并且根据接收到第三输入，对音频输入进行采样以接收第二输入。在一些示例中，从辅助设备接收第一输入。通过基于附加输入诸如眼睛注视或来自辅助设备的输入来激活示能表示，使用不同技术在多种不同设备类型上利用多模态输入系统。继而，多模态系统可扩展到涉及电视、智能手表、个人计算机、虚拟现实系统、家庭立体系统等的交互。
在框1604处，确定与示能表示相关联的域。在一些示例中，确定与示能表示相关联的域包括确定与激活的示能表示相关联的至少一个属性，识别对应于至少一个属性的至少一个可执行意图节点，以及基于至少一个识别的可执行意图节点来确定用户意图。确定与示能表示相关联的域有利于提高用户意图确定的准确度。例如，通过确定与示能表示相关联的特定域，诸如(例如，对应于地图应用程序的)地理域或(例如，对应于娱乐应用程序的)媒体域，系统可以缩小从中确定用户意图的可能的域。换句话讲，通过执行域确定，系统获知语音输入将有可能与对应于激活的示能表示的域相关。继而，该系统通过避免基于无关域进行意图确定来最大化资源利用。
在框1606处，接收包括用户语音的第二输入。在一些示例中，从辅助设备接收第二输入。在一些示例中，接收音频数据，其中存储预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据，并且根据接收到第一输入，获得预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据，其中从预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据接收包括用户语音的第二输入的至少一部分。在一些示例中，预先确定的持续时间的音频包括最近的持续时间的音频。在一些示例中，根据接收到第一输入，对音频输入进行采样以接收第二输入，确定是否保持第一输入，其中根据确定第一输入被保持，继续对音频输入进行采样，并且根据确定第一输入未被保持，中止对音频输入进行采样。在一些示例中，响应于接收到第一输入，对音频输入进行采样以接收第二输入，其中基于采样，确定预先确定的持续时间的音频是否包括用户语音，并且根据确定预先确定的持续时间的音频包括用户语音，继续对音频输入进行采样，并且根据确定预先确定的持续时间的音频不包括用户语音，中止对音频输入进行采样。在一些示例中，预先确定的持续时间的音频包括最近的持续时间的音频。通过基于各种不同条件对音频进行采样，系统为用户提供在示能表示被激活之后提供语音命令的多种方式。例如，用户可按压并且保持示能表示，并且在用户连续保持示能表示时提供语音。另选地，如果用户不希望或无法连续按压示能表示，则用户可提供语音，并且一旦用户停止讲话，音频采样就将自动中止。此外，如果更方便，用户可经由辅助设备提供语音。这些方法中的每一种方法通过使用户可用的选项最大化来改善用户体验。
在框1608处，基于域和用户语音来确定用户意图。在一些示例中，确定示能表示类型，其中根据确定示能表示类型对应于预先确定的类型，确定与所显示的内容相关联的至少一个属性，并且基于该至少一个属性来进一步确定用户意图。在一些示例中，示能表示类型对应于邮件类型、照片类型、地图类型、日历类型或通知类型中的至少一者。通过基于所显示的内容细化用户意图确定，系统进一步优化多模态输入系统。例如，当首先基于域确定来增强用户意图确定时，可基于所显示的内容来消除保留歧义的用户语音的歧义。例如，如果设备已确定与所显示的图片相关联的媒体域，并且用户语音输入包括“将这首歌曲放到第二”，则设备利用所显示的内容来满足用户请求。即，在显示歌曲播放列表的情况下，设备可例如基于与播放列表相关联的属性来确定“第二”是指所显示的播放列表内的第二位置。因此进一步改善意图确定。
在框1610处，确定用户意图是否包括与示能表示相关联的命令。在一些示例中，根据确定用户意图不包括与示能表示相关联的命令，在框1612处提供与该示能表示相关联的至少一个命令。在一些示例中，与示能表示相关联的至少一个命令包括共享命令、帮助命令、删除命令或搜索命令中的至少一者。通过以这种方式提供命令，在用户命令不与激活的示能表示相关联的情况下，多模态输入系统向用户提供附加信息。例如，用户可常规地利用使用即时消息或电子邮件应用程序“发送消息”的命令。如果用户尝试用新下载的尚未执行此类功能的应用程序来利用命令，则设备将通知用户新应用程序的当前可用命令，诸如对所有应用程序可用的默认命令或特定于应用程序的命令。这些特征通过向用户提供有价值的训练来进一步改善用户体验。
在框1614处，根据确定用户意图包括与该示能表示相关联的命令，执行推进该命令的任务。通过基于多模态输入执行任务，系统利用物理“触摸”输入(或其他非语音输入)的强度以及语音输入的强度来提供增强的用户体验。具体地，非语音输入诸如触摸或轻击为用户提供精确且准确地识别和激活所显示的屏幕上的不同对象的能力，同时避免要求用户做出许多不同的触摸输入和屏幕手势来执行任务。该系统还利用用户可通过经由语音输入提供附加指令来完成请求的便利性，尤其是在此类指令将难以经由触摸来执行的情况下。基于域确定来进一步增强用户意图确定，从而得到改进常规数字助理并且降低相关联的困难的系统。
以上参考图16描述的操作任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A至图7C描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程1600的操作可由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718、应用程序模块724、I/O处理模块728、STT处理模块730、自然语言处理模块732、词汇索引744、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块738、媒体服务120-1或处理器220、410、704。本领域的普通技术人员会清楚地知道如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A至图7C中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
图17示出了根据各种示例的用于提供多模态输入的过程1700。例如，使用实现数字助理的一个或多个电子设备来执行过程1700。在一些示例中，使用客户端-服务器系统(例如，系统100)来执行过程1700，并且在服务器(例如，DA服务器106)和客户端设备之间以任何方式来划分过程1700的框。在其他示例中，在服务器和多个客户端设备(例如，移动电话和智能手表)之间划分过程1700的框。因此，虽然过程1700的部分在本文中被描述为由客户端-服务器系统的特定设备执行，但应当理解，过程1700不限于此。在其他示例中，使用仅客户端设备(例如，用户设备104)或仅多个客户端设备来执行过程1700。在过程1700中，一些框被任选地组合，一些框的次序被任选地改变，并且一些框被任选地省略。在一些示例中，可结合过程1700来执行附加步骤。
在框1702处，电子设备接收包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入。在一些示例中，从辅助设备接收输入。在一些示例中，文本输入区域对应于即时消息文本字段、电子邮件文本字段、日历事件文本字段、记事本字段、社交媒体文本字段或搜索文本字段中的至少一者。通过基于设备处或来自辅助设备的输入激活文本输入区域，系统为用户提供激活在许多不同应用程序和设置中普遍存在的文本字段的不同选项。例如，用户可激活文本输入区域以构成设备上的电子邮件，或者可另选地激活电视上的文本输入区域以构成来自辅助设备诸如智能电话的电子邮件。这些不同的输入通过允许跨多个设备激活文本输入区域来改善用户体验。
在框1704处，确定对文本输入区域的激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联。在一些示例中，确定对文本输入区域的激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联包括确定包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入是否与预先确定的持续时间的接触相关联。在一些示例中，确定对文本输入区域的激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联包括确定包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入是否与大于预先确定的阈值压力的压力相关联。在一些示例中，确定对文本输入区域的激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联包括在文本输入区域内接收与第一持续时间相关联的第一接触，以及在文本输入区域内接收与第二持续时间相关联的第二接触，其中第二持续时间长于第一持续时间。通过确定激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联，系统保持设备上的现有功能，诸如针对现有功能的快速轻击，并且基于附加的输入类型将功能扩展到语音命令的多模态输入，诸如基于压力或定时的输入。继而，系统最大化不同的输入类型，以便在不降低现有特征的可用性的情况下实现多模态功能。
在框1706处，根据确定对文本输入区域的激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，对音频数据进行采样。在一些示例中，根据确定对文本输入区域的激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，从辅助设备接收音频数据，并且对音频数据进行采样包括对从辅助设备接收的音频数据进行采样。在一些示例中，根据确定对文本输入区域的激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，提供输出以指示语音识别的发起，其中输出包括可听输出、视觉输出或触觉输出中的至少一者。在一些示例中，在对音频数据进行采样时，确定是否保持包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入，其中根据确定包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入被保持，继续对音频数据进行采样，并且根据确定包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入未被保持，中止对音频数据进行采样。在一些示例中，确定预先确定的持续时间的音频是否包括用户语音，其中根据确定预先确定的持续时间的音频包括用户语音，继续对音频数据进行采样，并且根据确定预先确定的持续时间的音频不包括用户语音，中止对音频数据进行采样。在一些示例中，预先确定的持续时间的音频包括最近的持续时间的音频。通过基于各种不同条件对音频进行采样，系统为用户提供了在激活文本输入区域之后提供输入文本的多种方式。例如，用户可按压并且保持文本输入区域，并且在用户连续保持该区域时提供语音。另选地，如果用户不希望或无法连续按压文本输入区域，则用户可提供语音，并且一旦用户停止讲话，音频采样就将自动中止。此外，如果更方便或更必要，用户可经由辅助设备提供语音。这些方法中的每一种方法通过使用户可用的选项最大化来改善用户体验。
在框1708处，基于采样的音频数据来确定文本表示。在一些示例中，接收音频数据，其中存储预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据，并且根据接收到包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入，对预先确定的持续时间的音频数据进行采样，其中基于采样的预先确定的持续时间的音频数据来确定文本表示的至少一部分。在一些示例中，预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据包括最近的持续时间的音频。通过对所存储的持续时间的音频进行采样，系统确保在用户激活文本输入区域之前接收的任何语音将被捕获并且被包括在所生成的文本表示中。例如，用户可在激活文本输入区域之前暂时开始对设备口述。因此，系统通过考虑在激活文本输入区域之前接收的预先确定的持续时间的音频来避免此类音频将不被包括在口述文本中的情况。这些特征通过消除在没有此类特征的情况下将需要的严格的用户输入序列(例如，触摸然后讲话)来改善用户体验。
在框1710处，在文本输入区域内提供包括文本表示的输出。在一些示例中，在文本输入区域内提供包括文本表示的输出包括：在基于采样的音频数据确定文本表示时，在文本输入区域内显示文本，其中所显示的文本对应于文本表示的确定部分。通过在文本输入区域内提供文本表示，并且在确定文本表示时，用户能够在用户讲话时查看生成的结果，从而允许用户在必要时修改口述的文本。此类特征通过提供增强的反馈和实时口述来改善用户体验。
以上参考图17描述的操作任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A至图7C描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程1700的操作可由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718、应用程序模块724、I/O处理模块728、STT处理模块730、自然语言处理模块732、词汇索引744、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块738、媒体服务120-1或处理器220、410、704。本领域的普通技术人员会清楚地知道如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A至图7C中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
图18示出了根据各种示例的用于提供多模态输入的过程1800。例如，使用实现数字助理的一个或多个电子设备来执行过程1800。在一些示例中，使用客户端-服务器系统(例如，系统100)来执行过程1800，并且在服务器(例如，DA服务器106)和客户端设备之间以任何方式来划分过程1800的框。在其他示例中，在服务器和多个客户端设备(例如，移动电话和智能手表)之间划分过程1800的框。因此，虽然过程1800的部分在本文中被描述为由客户端-服务器系统的特定设备执行，但应当理解，过程1800不限于此。在其他示例中，使用仅客户端设备(例如，用户设备104)或仅多个客户端设备来执行过程1800。在过程1800中，一些框被任选地组合，一些框的次序被任选地改变，并且一些框被任选地省略。在一些示例中，可结合过程1800来执行附加步骤。
在框1802处，显示一个或多个示能表示。
在框1804处，接收对应于一个或多个示能表示中的示能表示的输入。在一些示例中，输入包括电子设备的显示器上的用户接触。在一些示例中，接收输入包括检测示能表示附近的对象。在一些示例中，接收输入包括检测定位在示能表示上方的光标。在一些示例中，从辅助设备接收输入。通过检测多种不同的输入类型，系统利用与设备的不同级别的用户交互。例如，可基于直接用户输入诸如屏幕上的触摸或轻击来检测输入，并且可进一步通过更被动的输入诸如示能表示上方的“鼠标悬停”或“悬停”来检测输入。检测不同水平的用户交互有利于不同水平的侵入性，以发现设备的有用特征。
在框1806处，确定示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联。在一些示例中，确定示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联包括确定多个默认语音命令，以及确定示能表示是否与不包括在多个默认语音命令中的一个或多个语音命令相关联。通过区分默认命令和附加命令，设备通过仅在示能表示与唯一命令相关联时提供通知来增强可发现性。例如，所有示能表示可与一组默认语音命令相关联，使得可发现性不适用于此类命令(例如，这样做将导致显示所有示能表示的输出)。
在框1808处，根据确定示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联，提供输出以指示示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联。在一些示例中，提供输出以指示示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联包括在预先确定的持续时间内显示输出。在一些示例中，提供指示示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联的输出包括确定输入是否被保持，其中根据确定第一输入被保持，继续提供输出，并且根据确定第一输入未被保持，中止提供输出。在一些示例中，在辅助设备处提供输出。在一些示例中，输出包括可听输出、视觉输出或触觉输出中的至少一者。通过基于不同条件或在不同设备处提供输出，系统通过在提供输出时改变侵入水平来增强功能可发现性。例如，输出可仅在预先确定的持续时间内出现，或仅在检测到用户输入时出现。通过进一步提供触觉输出或听觉输出，设备可提供通知用户示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联的更细微的方式。这些特征中的每一个特征通过向用户提供关于用户先前可能不知道的特征的有价值的训练来改善用户体验。因此，将设备功能和用户生产率最大化。
以上参考图18描述的操作任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A至图7C描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程1800的操作可由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718、应用程序模块724、I/O处理模块728、STT处理模块730、自然语言处理模块732、词汇索引744、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块738、媒体服务120-1或处理器220、410、704。本领域的普通技术人员会清楚地知道如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A至图7C中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
根据一些具体实施，提供一种计算机可读存储介质(例如，非暂态计算机可读存储介质)，该计算机可读存储介质存储供电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所述方法或过程中的任一个的指令。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括用于执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一者的装置。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括处理单元，该处理单元被配置为执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一者。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括一个或多个处理器和存储用以由一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所描述的方法和过程中的任一者的指令。
出于解释的目的，前面的描述是通过参考具体实施方案来描述的。然而，上面的例示性论述并非旨在是穷尽的或将本发明限制为所公开的精确形式。根据以上教导内容，很多修改形式和变型形式都是可能的。选择并描述这些实施方案是为了最好地解释这些技术的原理及其实际应用程序。本领域的其他技术人员由此能够最好地利用这些技术以及具有适合于所预期的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施方案。
虽然参照附图对本公开以及示例进行了全面的描述，但应当注意，各种变化和修改对于本领域内的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。应当理解，此类变化和修改被认为被包括在由权利要求书所限定的本公开和示例的范围内。
如上所述，本发明技术的一个方面是采集和使用可从各种源获得的数据，以改善语音命令的多模态输入。本公开预期，在一些实例中，这些所采集的数据可包括唯一地识别或可用于联系或定位特定人员的个人信息数据。此类个人信息数据可以包括人口统计数据、基于位置的数据、电话号码、电子邮件地址、推特ID、家庭地址、与用户的健康或健康水平有关的数据或记录(例如，生命体征测量、药物信息、锻炼信息)、出生日期或任何其他识别或个人信息。
本公开认识到在本发明技术中使用此类个人信息数据可用于使用户受益。例如，个人信息数据可用于更好地理解用户话语，例如，用于用户意图确定。因此，此类个人信息数据的使用可允许例如基于用户偏好来确定用户意图。此外，本公开还预期个人信息数据有益于用户的其他用途。例如，健康和健身数据可用于向用户的总体健康状况提供见解，或者可用作使用技术来追求健康目标的个人的积极反馈。
本公开设想负责采集、分析、公开、传输、存储或其他使用此类个人信息数据的实体将遵守既定的隐私政策和/或隐私实践。具体地，此类实体应当实行并坚持使用被公认为满足或超出对维护个人信息数据的隐私性和安全性的行业或政府要求的隐私政策和实践。此类政策应该能被用户方便地访问，并应随着数据的采集和/或使用变化而被更新。来自用户的个人信息应当被收集用于实体的合法且合理的用途，并且不在这些合法使用之外共享或出售。此外，应在收到用户知情同意后进行此类采集/共享。此外，此类实体应考虑采取任何必要步骤，保卫和保障对此类个人信息数据的访问，并确保有权访问个人信息数据的其他人遵守其隐私政策和流程。另外，这种实体可使其本身经受第三方评估以证明其遵守广泛接受的隐私政策和实践。此外，应当调整政策和实践，以便采集和/或访问的特定类型的个人信息数据，并适用于包括管辖范围的具体考虑的适用法律和标准。例如，在美国，对某些健康数据的收集或获取可能受联邦和/或州法律的管辖，诸如健康保险流通和责任法案(HIPAA)；而其他国家的健康数据可能受到其他法规和政策的约束并应相应处理。因此，在每个国家应为不同的个人数据类型保持不同的隐私实践。
不管前述情况如何，本公开还预期用户选择性地阻止使用或访问个人信息数据的实施方案。即本公开预期可提供硬件元件和/或软件元件，以防止或阻止对此类个人信息数据的访问。例如，就用于语音识别的用户登记过程而言，本发明的技术可被配置为允许用户选择“选择加入”或“选择退出”登记过程，这可利用来自用户的个人信息诸如语音特征。在另一个示例中，用户可以选择“选择加入”或“选择退出”自动侦听口头触发的过程。在又一个示例中，用户可以选择“选择加入”或“选择退出”自动侦听口头触发的过程。除了提供“选择加入”和“选择退出”选项外，本公开设想提供与访问或使用个人信息相关的通知。例如，可在下载应用时向用户通知其个人信息数据将被访问，然后就在个人信息数据被应用访问之前再次提醒用户。
此外，本公开的目的是应管理和处理个人信息数据以最小化无意或未经授权访问或使用的风险。一旦不再需要数据，通过限制数据收集和删除数据可最小化风险。此外，并且当适用时，包括在某些健康相关应用程序中，数据去标识可用于保护用户的隐私。在适当的情况下，可以通过移除特定标识符(例如，出生日期等)、控制存储的数据的量或特征(例如，在城市级而非地址级收集位置数据)、控制数据的存储方式(例如，在用户之间聚合数据)和/或其它方法来促进去标识。
因此，虽然本公开广泛地覆盖了使用个人信息数据来实现一个或多个各种所公开的实施方案，但本公开还预期各种实施方案也可在无需访问此类个人信息数据的情况下被实现。即，本发明技术的各种实施方案不会由于缺少此类个人信息数据的全部或一部分而无法正常进行。例如，可基于非个人信息数据或绝对最小量的个人信息(诸如与用户相关联的设备所请求的内容、智能自动化助理可用的其他非个人信息或公开可用的信息)来执行语音命令的多模态输入方法。
Claims (60)
1.一种方法，包括：
在具有存储器和一个或多个处理器的电子设备处：
接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入；
确定与所述示能表示相关联的域；
接收包括用户语音的第二输入；
基于所述域和所述用户语音来确定用户意图；
确定所述用户意图是否包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令；以及
根据确定所述用户意图包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令，执行推进所述命令的任务。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中接收包括对所述示能表示的激活的所述第一输入包括：
确定所述第一输入是否与大于预先确定的阈值的压力相关联；以及
根据确定所述第一输入与大于所述预先确定的阈值的压力相关联，确定接收到所述第一输入。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其中接收包括对所述示能表示的激活的所述第一输入包括：
在所述电子设备的显示器上的位置处接收与第一持续时间相关联的第一接触；以及
在所述显示器上的所述位置处接收与第二持续时间相关联的第二接触，其中所述第二持续时间长于所述第一持续时间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中接收包括对所述示能表示的激活的所述第一输入包括：
在所述电子设备的显示器上的第一位置处接收第一接触；
检测所述显示器上的轻扫手势；
在所述显示器上的第二位置处检测所述接触的释放；以及
基于与所述第一位置、所述轻扫手势和所述第二位置相关联的区域来确定所述示能表示。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中接收包括对所述示能表示的激活的所述第一输入包括：
检测对应于所述示能表示的用户注视，其中所述注视与预定义的持续时间相关联。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，包括：
根据接收到包括对所述示能表示的激活的所述第一输入，在所述示能表示附近显示第二示能表示；
接收包括对所述第二示能表示的激活的第三输入；以及
根据接收到所述第三输入，对音频输入进行采样以接收所述第二输入。
7.根据权利要求1至4和权利要求6中任一项所述的方法，其中从辅助设备接收所述第一输入。
8.根据权利要求1至4和权利要求6至7中任一项所述的方法，其中从辅助设备接收所述第二输入。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其中确定与所述示能表示相关联的域包括：
确定与所激活的示能表示相关联的至少一个属性；
识别对应于所述至少一个属性的至少一个可执行意图节点；以及
基于所述至少一个识别的可执行意图节点来确定所述用户意图。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，包括：
确定示能表示类型；
根据确定所述示能表示类型对应于预先确定的类型，确定与所显示的内容相关联的至少一个属性；以及
基于所述至少一个属性确定所述用户意图。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述示能表示类型对应于邮件类型、照片类型、地图类型、日历类型或通知类型中的至少一者。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法，包括：
根据确定所述用户意图不包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令，提供与所述示能表示相关联的至少一个命令。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法，其中与所述示能表示相关联的所述至少一个命令包括共享命令、帮助命令、删除命令或搜索命令中的至少一者。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法，包括：
接收音频数据；
存储预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据；
根据接收到所述第一输入，获得所述预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据，其中从所述预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据接收包括用户语音的所述第二输入的至少一部分。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述预先确定的持续时间的音频包括最近的持续时间的音频。
16.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法，包括：
根据接收到所述第一输入，对音频输入进行采样以接收所述第二输入；
确定是否保持所述第一输入；以及
根据确定所述第一输入被保持，继续对所述音频输入进行采样；以及
根据确定所述第一输入未被保持，中止对所述音频输入进行采样。
17.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法，包括：
响应于接收到所述第一输入，对音频输入进行采样以接收所述第二输入；
基于所述采样来确定预先确定的持续时间的音频是否包括用户语音；
根据确定所述预先确定的持续时间的音频包括用户语音，继续对所述音频输入进行采样；以及
根据确定所述预先确定的持续时间的音频不包括用户语音，中止对所述音频输入进行采样。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述预先确定的持续时间的音频包括最近的持续时间的音频。
19.一种方法，包括：
在具有存储器和一个或多个处理器的电子设备处：
接收包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入；
确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联；
根据确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，对音频数据进行采样；
基于所采样的音频数据来确定文本表示；以及
在所述文本输入区域内提供包括所述文本表示的输出。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联包括：
确定包括对所述文本输入区域的激活的所述输入是否与预先确定的持续时间的接触相关联。
21.根据权利要求19至20中任一项所述的方法，其中确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联包括：
确定包括对所述文本输入区域的激活的所述输入是否与大于预先确定的阈值压力的压力相关联。
22.根据权利要求19至21中任一项所述的方法，其中确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联包括：
在所述文本输入区域内接收与第一持续时间相关联的第一接触；以及
在所述文本输入区域内接收与第二持续时间相关联的第二接触，其中所述第二持续时间长于所述第一持续时间。
23.根据权利要求19至22中任一项所述的方法，其中从辅助设备接收所述输入。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，还包括：
根据确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，从辅助设备接收音频数据，其中对音频数据进行采样包括对从所述辅助设备接收的所述音频数据进行采样。
25.根据权利要求19至24中任一项所述的方法，其中所述文本输入区域对应于即时消息文本字段、电子邮件文本字段、日历事件文本字段、记事本字段、社交媒体文本字段或搜索文本字段中的至少一者。
26.根据权利要求19至25中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
根据确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，提供输出以指示语音识别的发起，其中所述输出包括可听输出、视觉输出或触觉输出中的至少一者。
27.根据权利要求19至26中任一项所述的方法，其中在所述文本输入区域内提供包括所述文本表示的输出包括：
在基于所采样的音频数据来确定所述文本表示时，在所述文本输入区域内显示文本，其中所显示的文本对应于所述文本表示的确定部分。
28.根据权利要求19至27中任一项所述的方法，包括：
接收音频数据；
存储预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据；
根据接收到包括对所述文本输入区域的激活的所述输入，对所述预先确定的持续时间的音频数据进行采样；以及
基于所采样的预先确定的持续时间的音频数据来确定所述文本表示的至少一部分。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中所述预先确定的持续时间的所接收的音频数据包括最近的持续时间的音频。
30.根据权利要求19至29中任一项所述的方法，包括：
在对所述音频数据进行采样时，确定是否保持包括对所述文本输入区域的激活的所述输入；以及
根据确定包括对所述文本输入区域的激活的所述输入被保持，继续对所述音频数据进行采样；
根据确定包括对所述文本输入区域的激活的所述输入未被保持，中止对所述音频数据进行采样。
31.根据权利要求19至29中任一项所述的方法，包括：
确定预先确定的持续时间的音频是否包括用户语音；
根据确定所述预先确定的持续时间的音频包括用户语音，继续对所述音频数据进行采样；以及
根据确定所述预先确定的持续时间的音频不包括用户语音，中止对所述音频数据进行采样。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法，其中所述预先确定的持续时间的音频包括最近的持续时间的音频。
33.一种方法，包括：
在具有存储器和一个或多个处理器的电子设备处：
显示一个或多个示能表示；
接收对应于所述一个或多个示能表示中的示能表示的输入；
确定所述示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联；以及
根据确定所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联，提供输出以指示所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法，其中所述输入包括所述电子设备的显示器上的用户接触。
35.根据权利要求33所述的方法，其中接收输入包括：
检测所述示能表示附近的对象。
36.根据权利要求33所述的方法，其中接收输入包括：
检测定位在所述示能表示上方的光标。
37.根据权利要求33至36中任一项所述的方法，其中确定所述示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联包括：
确定多个默认语音命令；以及
确定所述示能表示是否与不包括在所述多个默认语音命令中的一个或多个语音命令相关联。
38.根据权利要求33至37中任一项所述的方法，其中提供输出以指示所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联包括：
在预先确定的持续时间内显示输出。
39.根据权利要求33至37中任一项所述的方法，其中提供输出以指示所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联包括：
确定是否保持所述输入；以及
根据确定所述第一输入被保持，继续提供所述输出；以及
根据确定所述第一输入未被保持，中止提供所述输出。
40.根据权利要求33至39中任一项所述的方法，其中从辅助设备接收所述输入。
41.根据权利要求40所述的方法，其中在所述辅助设备处提供所述输出。
42.根据权利要求33至41中任一项所述的方法，其中所述输出包括可听输出、视觉输出或触觉输出中的至少一者。
43.一种电子设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序存储在所述存储器中并被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于如下操作的指令：
接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入；
确定与所述示能表示相关联的域；
接收包括用户语音的第二输入；
基于所述域和所述用户语音来确定用户意图；
确定所述用户意图是否包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令；以及
根据确定所述用户意图包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令，执行推进所述命令的任务。
44.一种电子设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序存储在所述存储器中并被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于如下操作的指令：
接收包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入；
确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联；
根据确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，对音频数据进行采样；
基于所采样的音频数据来确定文本表示；以及
在所述文本输入区域内提供包括所述文本表示的输出。
45.一种电子设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序存储在所述存储器中并被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于如下操作的指令：
显示一个或多个示能表示；
接收对应于所述一个或多个示能表示中的示能表示的输入；
确定所述示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联；以及
根据确定所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联，提供输出以指示所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联。
46.一种存储一个或多个程序的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述电子设备：
接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入；
确定与所述示能表示相关联的域；
接收包括用户语音的第二输入；
基于所述域和所述用户语音来确定用户意图；
确定所述用户意图是否包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令；以及
根据确定所述用户意图包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令，执行推进所述命令的任务。
47.一种存储一个或多个程序的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述电子设备：
接收包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入；
确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联；
根据确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，对音频数据进行采样；
基于所采样的音频数据来确定文本表示；以及
在所述文本输入区域内提供包括所述文本表示的输出。
48.一种存储一个或多个程序的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述电子设备：
显示一个或多个示能表示；
接收对应于所述一个或多个示能表示中的示能表示的输入；
确定所述示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联；以及
根据确定所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联，提供输出以指示所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联。
49.一种电子设备，包括：
用于接收包括对示能表示的激活的第一输入的装置；
用于确定与所述示能表示相关联的域的装置；
用于接收包括用户语音的第二输入的装置；
用于基于所述域和所述用户语音来确定用户意图的装置；
用于确定所述用户意图是否包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令的装置；以及
用于执行推进所述命令的任务的装置，其中根据确定所述用户意图包括与所述示能表示相关联的命令来执行所述任务。
50.一种电子设备，包括：
用于接收包括对文本输入区域的激活的输入的装置；
用于确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活是否与预先确定的输入类型相关联的装置；
用于对音频数据进行采样的装置，其中根据确定对所述文本输入区域的所述激活与预先确定的输入类型相关联，对所述音频数据进行采样；
用于基于所采样的音频数据来确定文本表示的装置；以及
用于在所述文本输入区域内提供包括所述文本表示的输出的装置。
51.一种电子设备，包括：
用于显示一个或多个示能表示的装置；
用于接收对应于所述一个或多个示能表示中的示能表示的输入的装置；
用于确定所述示能表示是否与一个或多个语音命令相关联的装置；以及
用于提供输出以指示所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联的装置，其中根据确定所述示能表示与一个或多个语音命令相关联来提供所述输出。
52.一种电子设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序存储在所述存储器中并被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于执行根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法的指令。
53.一种电子设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序存储在所述存储器中并且被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于执行根据权利要求19至32中任一项所述的方法的指令。
54.一种电子设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序被存储在所述存储器中并且被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于执行根据权利要求33至42中任一项所述的方法的指令。
55.一种存储一个或多个程序的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述电子设备执行根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法。
56.一种存储一个或多个程序的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述电子设备执行根据权利要求19至32中任一项所述的方法。
57.一种存储一个或多个程序的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述电子设备执行根据权利要求33至42中任一项所述的方法。
58.一种电子设备，包括：
用于执行根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法的装置。
59.一种电子设备，包括：
用于执行根据权利要求19至32中任一项所述的方法的装置。
60.一种电子设备，包括：
用于执行根据权利要求33至42中任一项所述的方法的装置。
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| US11893992B2 (en) | 2024-02-06 |
| US11462215B2 (en) | 2022-10-04 |
| WO2020068372A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
| EP3857351A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
| US20200105260A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
| US20220406309A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 |
| US20240087566A1 (en) | 2024-03-14 |
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