CN105265005B - 用于由语音命令发起的紧急呼叫的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于由语音命令发起的紧急呼叫的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN105265005B
CN105265005B CN201480030746.5A CN201480030746A CN105265005B CN 105265005 B CN105265005 B CN 105265005B CN 201480030746 A CN201480030746 A CN 201480030746A CN 105265005 B CN105265005 B CN 105265005B
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A·J·罗伯茨
D·L·马丁
H·J·萨德勒
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法。在一些实施例中，该方法在包括存储器以及一个或多个处理器的设备上执行，该存储器用于存储供一个或多个处理器执行的指令。该方法包括接收来自用户的语音输入，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求，以及基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码。该方法还包括响应于确定所述语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码。

Description

用于由语音命令发起的紧急呼叫的系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求提交于2013年6月13日的名称为SYSTEM AND METHOD FOREMERGENCY CALLS INITIATED BY VOICE COMMAND美国临时序列号61/834,823的优先权，该申请特此全文以引用方式并入以用于所有目的。
技术领域
本发明所公开的实施例整体涉及数字助理。更具体地涉及用于操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法和系统。
背景技术
近来，基于语音的数字助理诸如Apple的SIRI已被引入市场来处理各种任务诸如网页搜索和导航。自然语言处理方面的最新进展已允许用户使用语音或文本形式的自然语言与数字助理进行交互，而不是采用常规的用户界面(例如，菜单或已编程命令)。此类数字助理可解译用户的输入以推断用户的意图；将推断出的意图转换成可执行的任务和参数；执行操作或部署服务以执行任务；以及产生可被用户理解的输出。
发明内容
本文所公开实施例提供了用于操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法、设备、系统和计算机可读存储介质。
一些实施例提供了用于操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法。该方法在具有存储器和一个或多个处理器的设备处执行。该方法包括接收来自用户的语音输入，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，以及基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定。该方法还包括响应于确定语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码。
在一些实施例中，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求在远程服务器处执行，该远程服务器不同于设备。在一些实施例中，基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码在远程服务器处执行，该远程服务器不同于设备。在一些实施例中，该方法还包括接收来自用户的文本输入。
在各种情况下，该方法在下述情况下执行：设备具有活动的数据连接；或设备不具有至已订阅电话服务的活动连接，但可使用基带电话服务；或者设备不具有操作的SIM卡；或者设备不具有与在设备的当前位置处可用的任何电话服务兼容的SIM卡。
在一些实施例中，该方法还包括，在确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定之前，探知设备的地理位置。
在一些实施例中，紧急调度电话号码为存储在设备上的多个紧急调度电话号码中的一个紧急调度电话号码。
在一些实施例中，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定包括确定语音输入是否明确地表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定。在这些实施例中，该方法还包括，在没有进一步的用户输入的情况下，响应于确定语音输入明确地表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求，使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码；以及响应于确定语音输入未明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求，在使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码之前，向用户提供通知和用于确认发起紧急呼叫的用户请求的示能表示。
在一些实施例中，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定包括确定语音输入为用于呼叫第一紧急号码的用户请求或获得对此的确定。在这些实施例中，基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定包括确定第二紧急电话或获得对此的确定；以及在第一紧急号码不同于第二紧急号码时，使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码包括呼叫第二紧急号码。
在一些实施例中，该方法还包括，在呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码之前，向用户提供设备将立即呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码的通知；以及在提供该通知的同时，向用户提供取消发起紧急呼叫的请求的示能表示。
在一些实施例中，该方法还包括，在数字助理内提供受限自然语言处理模块，其中该受限自然语言处理模块不同于在正常操作期间由数字助理使用的主要自然语言处理模块，并且其中该受限自然语言处理模块被调制为识别用于调用紧急呼叫功能的语音输入。
在一些实施例中，该方法还包括，确定设备当前是否被授权使用在该设备的当前地理位置处可用的蜂窝服务来发起非紧急电话呼叫；以及响应于确定设备当前未被授权使用在该设备的当前地理位置处可用的蜂窝服务来发起非紧急电话呼叫，调用受限自然语言处理模块来处理语音输入。
使用根据本文所述方法的数字助理比用于提供紧急呼叫功能的常规用户界面更高效更便利。
根据一些实施例，设备包括存储器、一个或多个处理器、以及一个或多个程序，其中该一个或多个程序存储在存储器中并且被配置为由一个或多个处理器来执行。该一个或多个程序包括用于以下操作的指令：接收来自用户的语音输入，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，以及基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定。该一个或多个程序还包括用于响应于确定所述语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定来呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码的指令。在一些实施例中，设备不具有至已订阅电话服务的活动连接，但可使用基带电话服务。
根据一些实施例，系统包括存储器、一个或多个处理器、以及一个或多个程序，其中该一个或多个程序存储在存储器中并且被配置为由一个或多个处理器来执行。该一个或多个程序包括用于在设备处接收来自用户的语音输入的指令。该一个或多个程序还包括用于以下操作的指令：确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求，基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码，以及响应于确定语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求，呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码。
根据一些实施例，提供一种计算机可读存储介质(例如，非暂态计算机可读存储介质)，该计算机可读存储介质存储供电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序。该一个或多个程序在由电子设备执行时，使得该设备接收来自用户的语音输入、确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，以及基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定。该一个或多个程序还包括用于响应于确定所述语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定来呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码的指令。
根据一些实施例，提供一种用于在电子设备中使用的信息处理设备，该信息处理设备包括用于执行本文所述方法中的任一种的装置。
根据一些实施例，电子设备包括存储器和耦接至存储器的处理单元。处理单元被配置为接收来自用户的语音输入，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，以及基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定。处理单元被进一步配置为响应于确定所述语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码。
附图说明
图1为示出根据一些实施例的数字助理在其中操作的环境的框图。
图2为示出根据一些实施例的数字助理客户端系统的框图。
图3A为示出根据一些实施例的数字助理系统或其服务器部分的框图。
图3B为示出根据一些实施例的图3A中所示的数字助理的功能的框图。
图3C为根据一些实施例的图3B中所示的知识本体的图形化描述。
图4示出了根据一些实施例的具有触摸屏的便携式多功能设备。
图5A-5B示出了根据一些实施例的用于显示与操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能相关联的内容的示例性用户界面。
图6为示出根据一些实施例的数字助理系统的功能的流程图。
图7A、7B和8为示出根据一些实施例的用于操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法的流程图。
图9为根据一些实施例的电子设备的功能框图。
相似的附图标号是指整个附图中的对应部件。
具体实施方式
现在将详细地参考实施例，这些实施例的实例在附图中被示出。在下面的详细描述中给出了许多具体细节，以便提供对本发明的充分理解。然而，本发明可能在没有这些具体细节的情况下被实施对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。在其它情况下，没有详细地描述众所周知的方法、过程、部件、电路和网络，从而不会不必要地使实施例的方面晦涩难懂。
还将理解的是，虽然术语“第一”、“第二”等可能在本文中用来描述各种元素，但是这些元素不应当被这些术语限定。这些术语只是用来将一元素与另一元素区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，第一触点可被称为第二触点，并且相似地，第二触点可被称为第一触点。第一触点和第二触点均为触点，但它们不是同一个触点。
在本文中对本发明的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本发明的限制。如本发明说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的那样，单数形式的“一个”、“一种”和“这个”旨在也涵盖复数形式，除非上下文清楚地有相反指示。还将理解的是，本文中所使用的术语“和/或”是指并且涵盖相关联地列出的项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和全部可能的组合。还将理解的是，术语“包括”和/或“包含”当在本说明书中使用时指定存在所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素和/或部件，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、部件和/或其分组。
如本文中所用，根据上下文，术语“如果”可以被解释为意思是“当...时”或“在...时”或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“如果确定...”或“如果检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”可以被解释为意思是“在确定...时”或“响应于确定...”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
图1为根据一些实施例的数字助理的操作环境100的框图。术语“数字助理”、“虚拟助理”、“智能自动化助理”或“自动数字助理”是指解译口头和/或文本形式的自然语言输入以推断用户意图，并基于推断出的用户意图来执行动作的任何信息处理系统。例如，为了进行推断出的用户意图，系统可执行以下内容中的一个或多个：通过设计用以实现所推断出的用户意图的步骤和参数来识别任务流，将来自推断出的用户意图的具体要求输入到任务流中；通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等来执行任务流；以及生成对用户的听觉(例如，语音)和/或视觉形式的输出响应。
具体地讲，数字助理能够接受至少部分地为自然语言命令、请求、声明、讲述和/或询问的形式的用户请求。通常，用户请求要么寻求数字助理作出信息性回答，要么寻求数字助理执行任务。针对用户请求的令人满意的响应是提供所请求的信息性回答、执行所请求的任务、或这两者的组合。例如，用户可向数字助理提出诸如“我现在在哪里？”之类的问题。基于用户的当前位置，数字助理可能回答“你在中央公园西门附近。”用户还可请求执行任务，例如“请邀请我的朋友下周来参加我女朋友的生日聚会。”作为响应，数字助理可通过讲出“好的，马上”来确认请求，并然后代表用户将合适的日历邀请发送到用户的电子通讯录中列出的用户朋友中的每个朋友。在执行所请求的任务期间，数字助理有时在很长时间段内在涉及多次信息交换的持续对话中与用户进行交互。存在与数字助理进行交互以请求信息或执行各种任务的许多其他方法。除提供言语响应并采取经编程的动作之外，数字助理还提供其他视频或音频形式的响应，例如作为文本、警报、音乐、视频、动画等。
数字助理的实例在提交于2011年1月10日的名为“Intelligent AutomatedAssistant”的申请人的美国实用新型专利申请序列号12/987,982中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
如图1中所示，在一些实施例中，数字助理根据客户端-服务器模型来实施。数字助理包括在用户设备104a、104b上执行的客户端侧部分102a、102b(后文称作“DA客户端102”)，以及在服务器系统108上执行的服务器侧部分106(后文称作“DA服务器106”)。DA客户端102通过一个或多个网络110与DA服务器106通信。DA客户端102提供客户端侧功能诸如面向用户的输入和输出处理，并且与DA服务器106通信。DA服务器106为任意数量的DA客户端102提供服务器侧功能，所述任意数量的DA客户端102各自位于相应的用户设备104上。
在一些实施例中，DA服务器106包括面向客户端的I/O接口112、一个或多个处理模块114、数据与模型116，以及到外部服务的I/O接口118。面向客户端的I/O接口促成数字助理服务器106的面向客户端的输入和输出处理。一个或多个处理模块114利用数据与模型116基于自然语言输入来确定用户的意图，并基于推断出的用户意图来进行任务执行。在一些实施例中，DA服务器106通过一个或多个网络110与外部服务120通信以完成任务或采集信息。到外部服务的I/O接口118促成此类通信。
用户设备104的例子包括但不限于手持式计算机、个人数字助理(PDA)、平板电脑、膝上型计算机、台式计算机、蜂窝电话、智能电话、增强型通用分组无线电服务(EGPRS)移动电话、媒体播放器、导航设备、游戏控制器、电视机、遥控器、便携式多功能设备或者这些数据处理设备中任意两种或更多种的组合或其他数据处理设备。有关用户设备104的更多细节参照图2中示出的示例性用户设备104提供。
一个或多个通信网络110的实例包括局域网(“LAN”)和广域网(“WAN”)，例如互联网。一个或多个通信网络110可使用任何已知的网络协议，包括各种有线或无线协议，诸如例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线(FIREWIRE)、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、互联网电话协议(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、或任何其他合适的通信协议来实施。
服务器系统108在计算机的一个或多个独立式数据处理设备或分布式网络上实施。在一些实施例中，服务器系统108还采用第三方服务提供方(例如，第三方云服务提供方)的各种虚拟设备和/或服务来提供服务器系统108的潜在计算资源和/或基础结构资源。
尽管图1中所示的数字助理包括客户端侧部分(例如，DA客户端102)和服务器侧部分(例如，DA服务器106)两者，但在一些实施例中，数字助理的功能被实现为安装在用户设备上的独立式应用程序。此外，数字助理的客户端部分与服务器部分之间的功能划分在不同的实施例中可变化。例如，在一些实施例中，DA客户端为仅提供面向用户的输入和输出处理功能，且将数字助理的所有其他功能委派给后端服务器的瘦客户端。在一些实施例中，数字助理包括在设备上实现的受限自然语言处理模块。在这些实施例的一些实施例中，受限自然语言处理模块在设备未被授权进行非紧急电话呼叫时使用。在这些实施例的一些实施例中，受限自然语言处理模块被调制为识别用于调用紧急呼叫功能的语音输入。
图2为根据一些实施例的用户设备104的框图。用户设备104包括存储器接口202、外围设备接口206，以及一个或多个处理器204。用户设备104中的各种部件通过一条或多条通信总线或信号线耦接。用户设备104包括各种传感器、子系统、以及耦接至外围设备接口206的外围设备。传感器、子系统、以及外围设备采集信息并且/或者促成用户设备104的各种功能。
例如，运动传感器210、光传感器212、以及接近传感器214耦接至外围设备接口206以促成取向、照明和接近感测功能。一个或多个其他传感器216，诸如定位系统(例如，GPS接收器)、温度传感器、生物计量传感器、陀螺仪、指南针、加速度计等，也连接至外围设备接口206，以促成相关功能。
在一些实施例中，相机子系统220和光学传感器222用于促成相机功能，诸如拍摄照片和记录视频剪辑。将音频子系统226耦接到扬声器228和麦克风230以有利于支持语音的功能，诸如语音识别、语音复制、数字记录和电话功能。
在一些实施例中，通过一个或多个有线和/或无线通信子系统224来方便通信功能，所述有线和/或无线通信子系统可包括各种通信端口、射频接收器与发射器和/或光学(如红外)接收器与发射器。在一些实施例中，一个或多个通信子系统224包括用于提供基带电话服务的基带模块。在一些实施例中，基带电话服务包括对设备用户可用的电话服务，即使在用户未订阅和/或被授权使用任何可用蜂窝电话服务时也可用。
在一些实施例中，I/O子系统240还耦接至外围设备接口206。I/O子系统240包括触摸屏控制器242和/或一个或多个其他输入控制器244。触摸屏控制器242耦接至触摸屏246。触摸屏246和触摸屏控制器242例如可使用多种触摸灵敏度技术中的任一种来检测接触和移动或它们的间断，所述多种触摸灵敏度技术诸如电容技术、电阻技术、红外技术、表面声波技术、接近传感器阵列等。可将一个或多个其他输入控制器244耦接到其他输入/控制设备248，诸如一个或多个按钮、摇臂开关、拇指滚轮、红外端口、USB端口和/或指针设备(例如触笔)。
在一些实施例中，存储器接口202耦接至存储器250。存储器250可包括高速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、一个或多个光学存储设备，和/或闪存存储器(例如NAND、NOR)。
在一些实施例中，存储器250存储操作系统252、通信模块254、用户界面模块256、传感器处理模块258、电话模块260和应用程序262。操作系统252包括用于处理基础系统服务以及用于执行硬件相关任务的指令。通信模块254促成与一个或多个附加设备、一个或多个计算机和/或一个或多个服务器的通信。用户界面模块256促成图形用户界面处理和使用其他输出通道(例如，扬声器)的输出处理。传感器处理模块258促成传感器相关处理和功能。电话模块260促成电话相关的过程和功能。应用程序模块262促成用户应用程序的各种功能，诸如电子消息传送、网页浏览、媒体处理、导航、成像和/或其他过程和功能。在一些实施例中，存储器250还存储紧急呼叫模块270。紧急呼叫模块270提供与紧急呼叫相关的数据(例如，紧急调度电话号码、紧急基带连接协议等)。
如本说明书所述，存储器250还存储客户端侧数字助理指令(例如，在数字助理客户端模块264中)以及各种用户数据266(例如，特定于用户的词汇数据、偏好数据，和/或其他数据诸如用户的电子通讯录、待办事项列表、购物清单等)以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。在一些实施例中，存储器250还包括受限语言模块268以在设备104处提供受限数字助理功能(例如，被调制为紧急呼叫功能)。
在各种实施例中，数字助理客户端模块264能够通过用户设备104的各种用户界面(例如，I/O子系统244)接受声音输入(例如，语音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入和/或手势输入。数字助理客户端模块264还能够提供音频(例如，语音输出)、视频和/或触觉形式的输出。例如，可将输出提供为语音、声音、警报、文本消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动、和/或以上两者或更多者的组合。在操作期间，数字助理客户端模块264使用通信子系统224来与数字助理服务器通信。
在一些实施例中，数字助理客户端模块264利用各种传感器、子系统和外围设备来从用户设备104的周围环境采集附加信息以建立与用户、当前用户交互、和/或当前用户输入相关联的上下文。在一些实施例中，数字助理客户端模块264将上下文信息或其子集与用户输入一起提供至数字助理服务器以帮助推断用户的意图。在一些实施例中，数字助理还使用上下文信息来确定如何准备输出并将其传送至用户。
在一些实施例中，伴随用户输入的上下文信息包括传感器信息，例如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频等。在一些实施例中，上下文信息还包括设备的物理状态，例如设备取向、设备位置、设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等。在一些实施例中，还将与用户设备106的软件状态相关的信息，例如用户设备104的运行过程、已安装程序、过去和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用等，作为与用户输入相关联的上下文信息提供至数字助理服务器。
在一些实施例中，DA客户端模块264响应于来自数字助理服务器的请求而选择性地提供存储在用户设备104上的信息(例如，用户数据266)。在一些实施例中，数字助理客户端模块264还在数字助理服务器106请求时引出来自用户经由自然语言对话或其他用户界面的附加输入。数字助理客户端模块264将所述附加输入传送至数字助理服务器106，以帮助数字助理服务器106进行意图推断和/或满足在用户请求中表达的用户意图。
在各种实施例中，存储器250包括附加指令或更少的指令。此外，可在硬件和/或固件中包括在一个或多个信号处理和/或专用集成电路中执行用户设备104的各种功能。
图3A为根据一些实施例的示例性数字助理系统300的框图。在一些实施例中，数字助理系统300在独立式计算机系统上实施。在一些实施例中，数字助理系统300跨多个计算机分布。在一些实施例中，数字助理的模块和功能中的一些被划分成服务器部分和客户端部分，其中客户端部分位于用户设备(例如，用户设备104)上并通过一个或多个网络与服务器部分(例如，服务器系统108)通信，例如如图1中所示。在一些实施例中，数字助理系统300为图1中所示的服务器系统108(和/或数字助理服务器106)的实施例。应当指出，数字助理系统300仅为数字助理系统的一个实例，且该数字助理系统300可具有比示出更多或更少的部件、可组合两个或更多个部件、或可具有部件的不同配置或布局。图3A中所示的各种部件可在硬件、用于由一个或多个处理器执行的软件指令、固件(包括一个或多个信号处理集成电路和/或专用集成电路)，或它们的组合中实现。
数字助理系统300包括存储器302、输入/输出(I/O)接口306、网络通信接口308，以及一个或多个处理器304。这些部件通过一条或多条通信总线或信号线310彼此通信。
在一些实施例中，存储器302包括非暂态计算机可读介质，诸如高速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性计算机可读存储介质(例如，一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储器设备)。
在一些实施例中，I/O接口306将数字助理系统300的输入/输出设备316诸如显示器、键盘、触摸屏和麦克风耦接至用户界面模块322。I/O接口306，与用户界面模块322结合，接收用户输入(例如，语音输入、键盘输入、触摸输入等)并相应地对这些输入进行处理。在一些实施例中，例如当数字助理在独立式用户设备上实施时，数字助理系统300包括相对于图2中的用户设备104所描述的部件和I/O接口及通信接口中的任一者。在一些实施例中，数字助理系统300代表数字助理具体实施的服务器部分，并且通过位于用户设备(例如，图2中所示的用户设备104)上的客户端侧部分与用户进行交互。
在一些实施例中，网络通信接口308包括无线传输和接收电路314和/或一个或多个有线通信端口312。一个或多个有线通信端口经由一个或多个有线接口例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线等接收和发送通信信号。无线电路314从通信网络及其他通信设备接收RF信号和/或光学信号以及将RF信号和/或光学信号发送至通信网络及其他通信设备。无线通信可使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，诸如GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX、或任何其他合适的通信协议。网络通信接口308使数字助理系统300通过网络，诸如互联网、内联网和/或无线网络诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN)，与其他设备之间的通信成为可能。
在一些实施例中，存储器302、或存储器302的计算机可读存储介质存储程序、模块、指令和数据结构，包括以下内容中的全部或其子集：操作系统318、通信模块320、用户界面模块322、一个或多个应用程序324和数字助理模块326。一个或多个处理器304执行这些程序、模块和指令，并从数据结构读取数据或将数据写到数据结构。
操作系统318(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、WINDOWS、或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、电力管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动器，并促成各种硬件、固件与软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块320促成数字助理系统300与其他设备之间通过网络通信接口308进行的通信。例如，通信模块320可与图2中所示的设备104的通信接口254通信。通信模块320还包括各种部件，该各种部件用于处理由无线电路314和/或有线通信端口312所接收的数据。
用户界面模块322经由I/O接口306接收来自用户(例如，来自键盘、触摸屏、指向设备、控制器和/或麦克风)的命令和/或输入，并在显示器上生成用户界面对象。用户界面模块322还准备输出(例如，语音、声音、动画、文本、图标、振动、触觉反馈、光照等)并将其经由I/O接口306(例如，通过显示器、音频通道、扬声器和触控板等)传送至用户。
应用程序324包括被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器304执行的程序和/或模块。例如，如果数字助理系统在独立式用户设备上实施，则应用程序324可包括用户应用程序，诸如游戏、日历应用程序、导航应用程序或邮件应用程序。如果数字助理系统300在服务器场上实施，则应用程序324可包括例如资源管理应用程序、诊断应用程序、或调度应用程序。
存储器302还存储数字助理模块(或数字助理的服务器部分)326。在一些实施例中，数字助理模块326包括以下子模块或其子集或超集：输入/输出处理模块328、语音转文本(STT)处理模块330、自然语言处理模块332、对话流处理模块334、任务流处理模块336、服务处理模块338和中断处理模块340。这些模块中的每一个均具有对以下数字助理326的数据和模型中的一者或多者或其子集或超集的访问权限：知识本体360、词汇索引344、用户数据348、任务流模型354、服务模型356和优先级参数数据库358。在一些实施例中，存储器302还存储受限语言处理模块366。在一些实施例中，受限语言处理模块366具有对下述数据或模型的子集的访问权限：知识本体360、词汇索引344、用户数据348、任务流模型354、服务模型356和优先级参数数据库358。在一些实施例中，受限语言处理模块366被调制为识别用于调用紧急呼叫功能的语音输入(例如，包括主要包含与紧急情况相关的词汇的有限词汇索引)。
在一些实施例中，在自然语言处理模块332(或其一部分)不可用(例如，由于缺乏活动的数据连接)和/或无法操作时，受限语言处理模块366由数字助理系统300来利用。
在一些实施例中，使用在数字助理模块326上实施的处理模块、数据和模型，数字助理执行以下内容中的至少一些：识别从用户接收的自然语言输入中表达的用户的意图；积极地引出并获得用于充分推断用户的意图所需的信息(例如，通过消除字词、名称、意向等的歧义)；确定用于实现推断出的意图的任务流；以及执行任务流以实现推断出的意图。
在一些实施例中，如图3B中所示，I/O处理模块328通过图3A中的I/O设备316与用户交互或通过图3A中的网络通信接口308与用户设备(例如，图1中的用户设备104)交互以获得用户输入(例如，语音输入)以及提供对用户输入的响应(例如，作为语音输出)。I/O处理模块328随同接收到用户输入一起或在接收到用户输入之后不久任选地获得与来自用户设备的用户输入相关联的上下文信息。上下文信息包括特定于用户的数据、词汇，和/或与用户输入相关的偏好。在一些实施例中，上下文信息还包括在接收到用户请求时设备(例如，图1中的用户设备104)的软件和硬件状态，和/或与在接收到用户请求时用户的周围环境相关的信息。在一些实施例中，I/O处理模块328还向用户发送与用户请求有关的跟进问题，并从用户接收回答。在用户请求被I/O处理模块328接收且用户请求包含语音输入时，I/O处理模块328将语音输入转发至语音转文本(STT)处理模块330以进行语音文本转换。
语音转文本处理模块330通过I/O处理模块328接收语音输入(例如，在语音记录中捕捉的用户话语)。在一些实施例中，语音转文本处理模块330使用各种声音模型和语言模型来将语音输入识别为音素的序列，并最终将其识别为以一种或多种语言书写的字词或符号的序列。语音转文本处理模块330可使用任何合适的语音识别技术、声音模型以及语言模型诸如隐马尔可夫模型、基于动态时间规整(DTW)的语音识别以及其他统计和/或分析技术来加以实施。在一些实施例中，语音转文本处理可至少部分地由第三方服务执行或在用户的设备上执行。一旦语音转文本处理模块330获得语音转文本处理的结果，例如字词或符号的序列，它便将结果传送至自然语言处理模块332以进行意图推断。
有关语音转文本处理的更多细节在提交于2011年9月20日的名为“ConsolidatingSpeech Recognition Results”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号13/236,942中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
数字助理的自然语言处理模块332(“自然语言处理器”)取得由语音转文本处理模块330生成的字词或符号的序列(“符号序列”)，并尝试将该符号序列与由数字助理所识别的一个或多个“可执行意图”相关联。“可执行意图”表示可由数字助理执行并且具有在任务流模型354中实施的相关联的任务流的任务。相关联任务流是数字助理为了执行任务而采取的一系列经编程的动作和步骤。数字助理的能力范围取决于已在任务流模型354中实施并存储的任务流的数量和种类，或换言之，取决于数字助理所识别的“可执行意图”的数量和种类。然而，数字助理的有效性还取决于助理从以自然语言表达的用户请求中推断出正确的“一个或多个可执行意图”的能力。
在一些实施例中，除从语音转文本处理模块330获得的字词或符号的序列之外，自然语言处理器332还接收与用户请求相关联的上下文信息，例如来自I/O处理模块328。自然语言处理器332任选地使用上下文信息来明确、补充和/或进一步定义在从语音转文本处理模块330接收的符号序列中包含的信息。上下文信息包括例如用户偏好，用户设备的硬件和/或软件状态，在用户请求之前、期间或之后不久收集的传感器信息，数字助理与用户之间的先前交互(例如，对话)，等等。如本说明书所述的，上下文信息是动态的，并且可随对话的时间、位置、内容、以及其他因素而变化。
在一些实施例中，自然语言处理基于知识本体360。知识本体360为包含许多节点的分级结构，每个节点表示“可执行意图”或与“可执行意图”或其他“属性”中的一者或多者相关的“属性”。如上所述，“可执行意图”表示数字助理能够执行的任务，即，该任务为“可执行的”或可被进行的。“属性”代表与可执行意图或另一属性的子方面相关联的参数。知识本体360中可执行意图节点与属性节点之间的连接定义由属性节点代表的参数如何从属于由可执行意图节点代表的任务。
在一些实施例中，知识本体360由可执行意图节点和属性节点组成。在知识本体360内，每个可执行意图节点直接连接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点连接至一个或多个属性节点。类似地，每个属性节点直接连接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点连接至一个或多个可执行意图节点。例如，如图3C所示，知识本体360可包括“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”(针对预订)和“同行人数”均直接连接至可执行意图节点(即，“餐厅预订”节点)。此外，属性节点“菜系”、“价格区间”、“电话号码”和“位置”是属性节点“餐厅”的子节点，并且均通过中间属性节点“餐厅”连接至“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。又如，如图3C所示，知识本体360还可包括“设定提醒”节点(即，另一可执行意图节点)。属性节点“日期/时间”(针对设定提醒)和“主题”(针对提醒)均连接至“设定提醒”节点。由于属性“日期/时间”与进行餐厅预订的任务和设定提醒的任务二者相关，因此属性节点“日期/时间”连接至知识本体360中的“餐厅预订”节点和“设定提醒”节点二者。
可执行意图节点连同其连接的概念节点一起，可被描述为“域”。在本讨论中，每个域与相应的可执行意图相关联，并涉及与特定可执行意图相关联的一组节点(以及这些节点之间的关系)。例如，图3C中示出的知识本体360包括在知识本体360内的餐厅预订域362的实例以及提醒域364的实例。餐厅预订域包括可执行意图节点“餐厅预订”、属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”和“同行人数”以及子属性节点“菜系”、“价格区间”、“电话号码”和“位置”。提醒域364包括可执行意图节点“设置提醒”和属性节点“主题”和“日期/时间”。在一些实施例中，知识本体360由多个域组成。每个域可以与一个或多个其他域共享一个或多个属性节点。例如，除了餐厅预订域362和提醒域364之外，“日期/时间”属性节点还可与许多不同域(例如，行程安排域、旅行预订域、电影票域等)相关联。
尽管图3C示出知识本体360内的两个示例性域，但其他域(或可执行意图)包括例如“发起电话呼叫”、“查找方向”、“安排会议”、“发送消息”以及“提供问题的回答”、“阅读列表”、“提供导航指令”、“提供针对任务的指令”等。“发送消息”域与“发送消息”可执行意图节点相关联，并且还可包括属性节点诸如“一个或多个接收人”、“消息类型”和“消息正文”。属性节点“接收人”可进一步例如由子属性节点诸如“接收人姓名”和“消息地址”来定义。
在一些实施例中，知识本体360包括数字助理能够理解并对其起作用的所有域(以及因而可执行意图)。在一些实施例中，知识本体360可诸如通过添加或移除整个域或节点，或者通过修改知识本体360内的节点之间的关系来修改。
在一些实施例中，可将与多个相关可执行意图相关联的节点群集在知识本体360中的“超级域”下。例如，“旅行”超级域可包括与旅行有关的属性节点和可执行意图节点的群集。与旅行有关的可执行意图节点可包括“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”、“寻找兴趣点”，等等。同一超级域(例如，“旅行”超级域)下的可执行意图节点可具有多个共用的属性节点。例如，针对“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”、“寻找兴趣点”的可执行意图节点可共享属性节点“起始位置”、“目的地”、“出发日期/时间”、“到达日期/时间”和“同行人数”中的一者或多者。
在一些实施例中，知识本体360中的每个节点与跟由节点代表的属性或可执行意图有关的一组字词和/或短语相关联。与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语是所谓的与节点相关联的“词汇”。可将与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语存储在与由节点所代表的属性或可执行意图相关联的词汇索引344中。例如，返回图3B，与“餐厅”属性的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词诸如“美食”、“酒水”、“菜系”、“饥饿”、“吃”、“披萨”、“快餐”、“膳食”等。又如，与“发起电话呼叫”的可执行意图的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词和短语诸如“呼叫”、“打电话”、“拨打”、“与……通电话”、“呼叫该号码”、“打电话给”等。词汇索引344任选地包括不同语言的字词和短语。
自然语言处理器332从语音转文本处理模块330接收符号序列(例如，文本串)，并确定符号序列中的词牵涉哪些节点。在一些实施例中，如果发现符号序列中的字词或短语与知识本体360中的一个或多个节点相关联(经由词汇索引344)，则所述字词或短语将“触发”或“激活”那些节点。基于已激活节点的数量和/或相对重要性，自然语言处理器332将选择可执行意图中的一个可执行意图作为用户意图使数字助理执行的任务。在一些实施例中，选择具有最多“已触发”节点的域。在一些实施例中，选择具有最高置信度(例如，基于其各个已触发节点的相对重要性)的域。在一些实施例中，基于已触发节点的数量和重要性的组合来选择域。在一些实施例中，在选择节点的过程中还考虑附加因素，诸如数字助理先前是否已正确解译来自用户的类似请求。
在一些实施例中，数字助理还将特定实体的名称存储在词汇索引344中，使得当在用户请求中检测到这些名称中的一个名称时，自然语言处理器332将能够识别出该名称涉及知识本体中属性或子属性的特定实例。在一些实施例中，特定实体的名称是企业、餐厅、人、电影等的名称。在一些实施例中，数字助理从其他数据源中搜索并识别特定实体名称，所述其他数据源诸如用户的通讯录、电影数据库、音乐家数据库和/或餐厅数据库。在一些实施例中，当自然语言处理器332识别出符号序列中的字词是特定实体的名称(诸如用户通讯录中的名称)时，在于用户请求的知识本体内选择可执行意图的过程中，为该字词赋予附加重要性。
例如，当从用户请求中识别出字词“Santo先生”并且在词汇索引344中发现姓“Santo”是用户联系人列表中的联系人之一时，则用户请求很可能对应于“发送消息”或“发起电话呼叫”域。又如，当在用户请求中发现词“ABC咖啡馆”且在词汇索引344中发现术语“ABC咖啡馆”是用户所在城市中的特定餐厅的名称时，则用户请求可能对应于“餐厅预订”域。
用户数据348包括特定于用户的信息，诸如特定于用户的词汇、用户偏好、用户地址、用户的默认语言和第二语言、用户的联系人列表，以及每位用户的其他短期或长期信息。在一些实施例中，自然语言处理器332使用特定于用户的信息来补充用户输入中所包含的信息以进一步限定用户意图。例如，针对用户请求“邀请我的朋友参加我的生日派对”，自然语言处理器332能够访问用户数据348以确定“朋友”是哪些人以及“生日派对”将于何时何地举行，而不需要用户在其请求中明确地提供此类信息。
基于符号串搜索知识本体的其他细节在提交于2008年12月22日的名为“Methodand Apparatus for Searching Using An Active Ontology”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号12/341,743中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些实施例中，一旦自然语言处理器332基于用户请求识别出可执行意图(或域)，自然语言处理器332便生成结构化查询以表示所识别的可执行意图。在一些实施例中，结构化查询包括针对可执行意图的域内的一个或多个节点的参数，并且所述参数中的至少一些参数填充有在用户请求中指定的特定信息和要求。例如，用户可以说“帮我在寿司店预订晚上7点的座位。”在这种情况下，自然语言处理器332能够基于用户输入将可执行意图正确地识别为“餐厅预订”。根据知识本体，“餐厅预订”域的结构化查询可包括参数诸如{菜系}、{时间}、{日期}、{同行人数}等。在一些实施例中，基于包含在用户话语中的信息，自然语言处理器332针对餐厅预订域生成部分结构化查询，其中部分结构化查询包括参数{菜系＝“寿司类”}以及{时间＝“晚上7点”}。然而，在该实例中，用户话语包含不足以完成与域相关联的结构化查询的信息。因此，基于当前可用信息，在结构化查询中未指定其他必要参数诸如{同行人数}和{日期}。在一些实施例中，自然语言处理器332用所接收的上下文信息来填充结构化查询的一些参数。例如，在一些实施例中，如果请求“附近的”寿司店，自然语言处理器332用来自用户设备104的GPS坐标来填充结构化查询中的{位置}参数。
在一些实施例中，自然语言处理器332将结构化查询(包括任何已完成的参数)传送至任务流处理模块336(“任务流处理器”)。任务流处理模块336被配置为接收来自自然语言处理器332的结构化查询，完成结构化查询(必要时)，以及执行“完成”用户最终请求所需的动作。在一些实施例中，完成这些任务所必需的各种过程在任务流模型354中提供。在一些实施例中，任务流模型包括用于获取来自用户的附加信息的过程，以及用于执行与可执行意图相关联的动作的任务流。
如上所述，为了完成结构化查询，任务流处理器336可能需要发起与用户的附加对话，以便获得附加信息，和/或弄清可能有歧义的话语。当此类交互有必要时，任务流处理器336调用对话处理模块334(“对话处理器334”)以进行与用户的对话。在一些实施例中，对话处理器334确定如何(和/或何时)向用户询问附加信息，并接收和处理用户响应。通过I/O处理模块328将问题提供给用户并从用户接收回答。在一些实施例中，对话处理器334经由音频和/或视频输出向用户呈现对话输出，并接收经由口头或物理(例如，点击)响应的来自用户的输入。继续上文的实例，当任务流处理器336调用对话流处理器334以针对与域“餐厅预订”相关联的结构化查询来确定“同行人数”和“日期”信息时，对话流处理器335生成问题诸如“共有多少人用餐？”和“具体哪天用餐？”以传送至用户。一旦接收到来自用户的回答，对话流处理器334则可用缺失信息填充结构化查询，或将信息传递给任务流处理器336以根据结构化查询完成缺失信息。
在一些情况下，任务流处理器336可接收具有一个或多个模糊属性的结构化查询。例如，针对“发送消息”域的结构化查询可指示预期接收人为“Bob”，并且用户可能具有多个名为“Bob”的联系人。任务流处理器336将请求会话处理器334消除结构化查询的该属性的歧义。继而，对话处理器334可询问用户“哪个Bob？”，并显示(或读出)名为“Bob”的联系人的列表，用户可从该列表中进行选择。
一旦任务流处理器336已针对可执行意图完成结构化查询，任务流处理器336就继续执行与可执行意图相关联的最终任务。因此，任务流处理器336根据结构化查询中包含的特定参数来执行任务流模型中的步骤和指令。例如，针对可执行意图“餐厅预订”的任务流模型可包括用于联系餐厅并实际上请求在特定时间针对特定同行人数的预订的步骤和指令。例如，通过使用结构化查询诸如：{餐厅预订，餐厅＝ABC咖啡馆，日期＝2012/3/12，时间＝下午7点，同行人数＝5人}，任务流处理器336可执行以下步骤：(1)登录到ABC咖啡馆的服务器或餐厅预订系统诸如(2)在网站上的表格中输入日期、时间和同行人数信息，(3)提交表格，以及(4)在用户日历中针对该预订制作日历条目。
在一些实施例中，任务流处理器336在服务处理模块338(“服务处理器”)的辅助下完成用户输入中所请求的任务或者提供用户输入中所请求的信息性回答。例如，服务处理器338可代表任务流处理器336发起电话呼叫、设置日历条目、调用地图搜索、调用用户设备上安装的其他用户应用程序或与所述其他应用程序交互，以及调用第三方服务(例如，餐厅预订门户网站、社交网站、银行门户网站等)或与第三方服务交互。在一些实施例中，可通过服务模型356中的相应服务模型指定每项服务所需的协议和应用程序编程接口(API)。服务处理器338针对服务访问适当的服务模型，并依据服务模型根据该服务所需的协议和API生成针对该服务的请求。
例如，如果餐厅已启用在线预订服务，则餐厅可提交服务模型，该服务模型指定进行预订的必要参数以及将必要参数的值传送至在线预订服务的API。在被任务流处理器336请求时，服务处理器338可使用存储在服务模型中的web地址来建立与在线预订服务的网络连接，并将预订的必要参数(例如，时间、日期、同行人数)以根据在线预订服务的API的格式发送至在线预订接口。
在一些实施例中，自然语言处理器332、对话处理器334以及任务流处理器336共同且反复地使用以推断并限定用户的意图、获得信息以进一步明确并提炼用户意图、并最终生成响应(即，输出至用户，或完成任务)以满足用户的意图。
在一些实施例中，在已执行满足用户请求所需的所有任务之后，数字助理326制定确认响应，并通过I/O处理模块328将该响应发送回用户。如果用户请求寻求信息性回答，则确认响应向用户呈现所请求的信息。在一些实施例中，数字助理还请求用户指示用户是否对数字助理326产生的响应满意。
有关数字助理的更多细节可见于提交于2010年1月18日的名称为“IntelligentAutomated Assistant”的美国实用新型专利申请号12/987,982、提交于2011年6月3日的名称为“Generating and Processing Data Items That Represent Tasks to Perform”的美国实用新型专利申请号61/493,201中，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
现将注意力转向图4，其示出根据一些实施例的具有触摸屏246的便携式多功能设备400(例如，用户设备104)。在一些实施例中，触摸屏在用户界面(UI)内显示一个或多个图形。在这些实施例中，以及在下文中介绍的其他实施例中，用户通过例如用一根或多根手指402(在附图中没有按比例绘制)或者用一个或多个触笔403(在附图中没有按比例绘制)形成接触或触摸图形来选择这些图形中的一个或多个图形。在一些实施例中，当用户中断与一个或多个图形的接触时会发生对一个或多个图形的选择。在一些实施例中，接触包括手势，诸如一次或多次轻击、一次或多次轻扫(从左向右、从右向左、向上和/或向下)和/或已经与设备400发生接触的手指的滚动(从右向左、从左向右、向上和/或向下)。在一些实施例中，无意地与图形接触将不对该图形进行选择。例如，当对应于选择的手势是轻击时，在应用程序图标之上扫动的轻扫手势将不对对应的应用程序进行选择。
在一些实施例中，设备400还包括一个或多个物理按钮，诸如菜单(例如，“Home”)按钮404。菜单按钮404用于导航到可以在设备400上运行的一组应用程序中的任何应用程序262。另选地，在一些实施例中，菜单按钮被实现为显示在触摸屏246上的GUI中的软键。
在一些实施例中，设备400包括触摸屏246、菜单按钮404、用于使设备开/关机和用于锁定设备的下压按钮406、一个或多个音量调节按钮408、用户身份模块(SIM)卡槽410、耳麦插孔412和对接/充电外部端口411。下压按钮406可用于通过按下按钮并在预定义时间间隔内使按钮保持在按下状态来打开/关闭设备上的电源；用于通过按下按钮并在经过预定义时间间隔之前释放按钮来锁定设备；并且用于解锁设备或启动解锁过程。在另选的实施例中，设备400还可通过麦克风230接受用于激活或停用一些功能的语音输入。
图5A和5B示出了根据一些实施例的用于显示与操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能相关联的内容的示例性用户界面。在图5A和5B中，用户界面500显示在触摸屏246上。用户界面500包括电话(例如，蜂窝)信号强度指示器510、基带电话服务指示器512、数据服务连接指示器514(例如，3G或4G数据连接)、Wi-Fi连接和信号强度指示器516和全球定位系统(“GPS”)指示器518。根据一些实施例，图5A还示出包括通知520和取消按钮522的用户界面500。根据一些其他实施例，图5B示出包括紧急询问524、确认(例如，是)按钮526和否按钮528的用户界面500。
图6为示出根据一些实施例的数字助理系统的功能的流程图。根据这些实施例，设备(例如，便携式多功能设备400)接收来自用户的语音输入(602)。
在一些实施例或情形中，服务器(例如，图1的服务器系统108)确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求(603)。在这些实施例中，设备获得来自服务器的确定(604)。然而，在一些实施例或情形中，设备确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求(或另选地，表达发起紧急呼叫的用户意图)(604)。表达发起紧急呼叫的请求或意图的语音输入的实例包括“呼叫911”和“呼叫警方”以及即使语音输入不包括发起此类呼叫的明确请求或命令，也包括发起紧急呼叫的用户意图的各种表达方式(“我们现在需要警方帮助”)。
在一些实施例或情形中，服务器确定语音输入是否明确地表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求(605)。在这些实施例或情形中，设备获得来自服务器的确定(606)。在一些实施例或情形中，设备确定语音输入是否明确地表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求(606)。
在一些实施例中，服务器基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码(607)。在这些实施例中，设备获得来自服务器的确定(608)。在一些实施例中，设备基于设备的地理位置确定本地紧急调度电话号码(608)。
在一些实施例中，响应于确定语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求(610)，设备使用紧急呼叫功能(例如，图2中的紧急呼叫模块270)呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码。
图7A、7B和8为表示根据一些实施例的用于操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法的流程图。这些方法任选地由存储在计算机存储器或非暂态计算机可读存储介质(例如，用户设备104的存储器250、与数字助理系统300相关联的存储器302)中并且由数字助理系统的一个或多个计算机系统的一个或多个处理器执行的指令进行控制，该数字助理系统包括但不限于服务器系统108和/或用户设备104。计算机可读存储介质任选地包括磁盘或光盘存储设备、固态存储设备诸如闪存存储器、或一个或多个其他非易失性存储器设备。存储在计算机可读存储介质中的计算机可读指令任选地包括下述代码中的一者或多者：源代码、汇编语言代码、目标代码或由一个或多个处理器解译的其他指令格式。在各种具体实施中，对每个方法中的一些操作进行结合并且/或者一些操作的次序由图中所示的次序变化得来。另外，在一些具体实施中，将各个附图中所示的和/或结合各个方法所论述的操作相结合以形成其他方法，并且将同一附图中所示的和/或结合同一方法所论述的操作分成不同方法。此外，在一些具体实施中，方法中的一个或多个操作由数字助理系统300和/或电子设备(例如，用户设备104)的模块来执行，这些模块包括例如自然语言处理模块332、对话流处理模块334、受限语言处理模块366、紧急呼叫模块270、受限语言模块268和/或其任何子模块。
图7A-7B示出了根据一些实施例的用于操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法700。在一些实施例中，方法700在包括存储器以及一个或多个处理器的设备(例如，图1中的设备104)上执行，该存储器用于存储供一个或多个处理器执行的指令。
在一些实施例中，设备在数字助理内提供受限自然语言处理模块(例如，受限语言模块268)(702)。受限自然语言处理模块不同于在正常操作期间由数字助理使用的主要自然语言处理模块，并且具体地，受限自然语言处理模块被调制为识别用于调用紧急呼叫功能的语音输入。
设备接收来自用户的输入(例如，经由语音、文本和/或手势等)(704)。
在一些实施例或情形中，设备具有活动的数据连接(例如，2G、3G、4G、4G LTE和/或Wi-Fi连接)(706)。例如，设备400具有如图5A中数据服务连接指示器514和/或Wi-Fi连接和信号强度指示器516所表示的活动的数据连接。在一些实施例或情形中，设备不具有至已订阅电话服务的活动连接，但可使用基带电话服务(708)。例如，根据这些实施例，在图5A中，设备400上的基带电话服务指示器512指示设备400可使用基带电话服务。
在一些实施例或情形中，设备不具有操作的SIM卡(例如，在图4的SIM卡槽410内不具有操作的SIM卡)(710)。例如，在一些具体实施中，在(例如，根据确定)设备不具有操作的SIM卡时，设备使用基带电话服务呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码。在一些实施例或情形中，设备不具有与在设备的当前位置处可用的任何电话服务兼容的SIM卡(712)。例如，在一些具体实施中，在(例如，根据确定)设备不具有与在设备的当前位置处可用的任何电话服务兼容的SIM卡时，设备使用基带电话服务呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码。
在一些实施例中，设备确定该设备当前是否被授权使用在设备的当前地理位置处可用的蜂窝服务来发起非紧急电话呼叫(714)。响应于确定设备当前未被授权使用在设备的当前地理位置处可用的电话服务(例如，蜂窝服务)来发起非紧急电话呼叫并且确定用户输入包括语音输入(716)，设备调用受限自然语言处理模块来处理语音输入(718)。
设备确定用户输入(例如，语音输入)是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定(720)。例如，在一些实施例中，确定用户输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求包括经由活动的数据连接从远程服务器获得对用户输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求的确定。在一些实施例或情形中，设备本地地确定用户输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求。
在一些实施例中，在确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定之前，设备探知该设备的地理位置(722)。例如，在一些实施例或情形中，设备通过GPS传感器(例如，传感器216)探知该设备的地理位置。在一些实施例或情形中，设备基于最近的电话服务塔的位置探知该设备的地理位置。在一些实施例或情形中，设备基于Wi-Fi服务提供方的位置探知该设备的地理位置。
设备基于该设备的地理位置来确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定(724)。例如，在一些实施例中，设备使用存储在远程服务器上的紧急号码查找表。在一些实施例中，紧急调度电话号码为存储在设备上的多个紧急调度电话号码中的一个紧急调度电话号码(726)。
响应于确定用户输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定(728)，设备使用紧急呼叫功能(例如，经由基带电话服务)呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码(734)。
在一些实施例中，在呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码之前，设备向用户提供设备将立即呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码的通知(730)。在提供通知的同时，设备还向用户提供取消发起紧急呼叫的请求的示能表示(732)。例如，在一些实施例中，设备显示五秒倒计时通知(例如，图5A中的通知520)和取消待定紧急呼叫的示能表示(例如，图5A中的取消按钮522和/或Home按钮404)。在一些具体实施中，设备将提供口头通知和/或利用来自用户的口头取消。
图8示出了根据一些实施例的用于操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法800和810。在一些实施例中，方法800和810在包括存储器以及一个或多个处理器的设备(例如，图1中的设备104)上执行，该存储器用于存储供一个或多个处理器执行的指令。
在一些实施例中，确定用户输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定(720)包括确定用户输入是否明确地表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定(802)。
在一些实施例中，在没有进一步用户输入的情况下，响应于确定用户输入明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求(804)，设备使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码(734)。例如，用户输入为讲出“呼叫911”的语音输入并且在没有进一步用户输入的情况下，设备确定911为适当的紧急调度号码并且设备呼叫911。
在一些实施例中，响应于确定用户输入未明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求(806)，在使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码(734)之前，设备向用户提供通知和用于确认发起紧急呼叫的用户请求的示能表示(808)。例如，用户输入为“寻找附近的消防部门”并且设备提供紧急询问(例如，图5B中的确认询问524)和用于确认的示能表示(例如，图5B中的确认按钮526)。在一些具体实施中，设备将提供口头通知和/或利用来自用户的口头确认。
在一些实施例中，确定用户输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定(720)包括确定用户输入为用于呼叫第一紧急号码的用户请求或获得对此的确定(812)。例如，用户输入为“呼叫911”并且设备确定“911”为第一紧急号码。
在一些实施例中，基于该设备的地理位置来确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定(724)包括确定第二紧急号码或获得对此的确定(814)。在第一紧急号码不同于第二紧急号码时，设备使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码包括呼叫第二紧急号码(816)。例如，设备确定其当前位于新加坡并且适当的紧急调度号码为995。在该实例中，设备则呼叫995。
使用根据上述方法的数字助理比用于提供紧急呼叫功能的常规用户界面更高效更便利。
根据一些实施例，图9示出了根据如上所述的本发明的原理而配置的设备900的功能框图。设备的功能块可以由硬件、软件、或者硬件和软件的组合实现，以执行本发明的原理。本领域的技术人员能够理解，图9中所述的功能块可被组合或者被分离为子块，以实现如上所述的本发明的原理。因此，本文中的描述可支持本文所述功能块的任何可能的组合或分离或进一步限定。
如图9所示，设备900包括被配置为接收声音输入的声音接收单元902。设备900还包括耦接至声音接收单元902的处理单元906。在一些实施例中，获得单元904耦接至声音接收单元902和处理单元906。在一些实施例中，处理单元906包括语音确定单元908、号码确定单元910、呼叫单元912、探知单元914、歧义确定单元916、示能表示提供单元918、通知提供单元920和语言提供单元922。在一些实施例中，号码确定单元910对应于紧急呼叫模块270。在一些实施例中，歧义确定单元916对应于自然语言处理模块332。在一些实施例中，歧义确定单元916对应于受限语言处理模块366。在一些实施例中，获得单元904对应于I/O子系统240。在一些实施例中，示能表示提供单元918为或包括通知提供单元920。在一些实施例中，语音确定单元908为或包括歧义确定单元916。
处理单元906被配置为：接收(例如，利用声音接收单元902)来自用户的语音输入；确定(例如，利用语音确定单元908)语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定(例如，利用获得单元902)；以及基于设备900的地理位置确定(例如，利用号码确定单元910)本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定(例如，利用获得单元902)。处理单元906被进一步配置为，响应于确定语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，呼叫(例如，利用呼叫单元912)本地紧急调度电话号码。
在一些实施例中，在确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定之前，设备900探知(例如，利用探知单元914)设备900的地理位置。
在一些实施例中，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定包括确定(例如，利用歧义确定单元916)语音输入是否明确地表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定(例如，利用获得单元902)。在一些实施例中，在没有进一步用户输入的情况下，响应于确定语音输入明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求，设备900使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫(例如，利用呼叫单元912)本地紧急调度电话号码。响应于确定语音输入未明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求，在使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码之前，设备900向用户提供通知(例如，利用通知提供单元920)和用于确认发起紧急呼叫的用户请求的示能表示(例如，利用示能表示提供单元918)。
在一些实施例中，确定语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定包括确定(例如，利用号码确定单元910)语音输入为用于呼叫第一紧急号码的用户请求或获得对此的确定(例如，利用获得单元902)。在一些实施例中，基于设备900的地理位置来确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定包括确定(例如，利用号码确定单元910)第二紧急号码或获得对此的确定(例如，利用获得单元902)。在一些实施例中，在第一紧急号码不同于第二紧急号码时，使用紧急呼叫功能呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码包括呼叫(例如，利用呼叫单元912)第二紧急号码。
在一些实施例中，在呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码之前，设备900向用户提供设备900将立即呼叫本地紧急调度电话号码的通知(例如，利用通知提供单元920)，并且在提供通知的同时，设备900还向用户提供取消发起紧急呼叫的请求的示能表示(例如，利用示能表示提供单元918)。
出于解释的目的，前面的描述是通过参考具体实施例来进行描述的。然而，上述示例性的讨论并非旨在是穷尽的或将所公开实施例局限于本发明所公开的精确形式。根据以上教导内容，很多修改形式和变型形式都是可能的。选择并描述这些实施例是为了充分说明所公开思路的原理和实际应用，以由此使得本领域的其他技术人员能够充分利用具有适合于所构想的特定用途的各种修改的公开内容。

Claims (25)

1.一种操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的方法，包括：
在具有存储器和一个或多个处理器的设备处：
当所述数字助理的除紧急呼叫功能之外的一个或多个基于语音的功能经由所述设备上的语音输入可访问时，接收来自用户的语音输入；
确定所述语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定；
基于所述设备的地理位置来确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定；以及
响应于确定所述语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，使用所述紧急呼叫功能呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述设备具有活动的数据连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述设备不具有至已订阅电话服务的活动连接，但可使用基带电话服务。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述设备不具有操作的SIM卡。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述设备不具有与在所述设备的当前位置处可用的任何电话服务兼容的SIM卡。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
在确定所述本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定之前，探知所述设备的所述地理位置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述紧急调度电话号码为存储在所述设备上的多个紧急调度电话号码中的一个紧急调度电话号码。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定所述语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定包括确定所述语音输入是否明确地表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定；
在没有进一步用户输入的情况下，响应于确定所述语音输入明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求，使用所述紧急呼叫功能呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码；以及
响应于确定所述语音输入未明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求，在使用所述紧急呼叫功能呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码之前，向所述用户提供通知和用于确认发起紧急呼叫的用户请求的示能表示。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定所述语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定包括确定所述语音输入为用于呼叫第一紧急号码的用户请求或获得对此的确定；
其中基于所述设备的地理位置来确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定包括确定第二紧急号码或获得对此的确定；并且
其中在所述第一紧急号码不同于所述第二紧急号码时，使用所述紧急呼叫功能呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码包括呼叫所述第二紧急号码。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
在呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码之前，向所述用户提供所述设备将立即呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码的通知；以及
在提供所述通知的同时，向所述用户提供取消发起紧急呼叫的所述请求的示能表示。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
在所述数字助理内提供受限自然语言处理模块，其中所述受限自然语言处理模块不同于在正常操作期间由所述数字助理使用的主要自然语言处理模块，并且其中所述受限自然语言处理模块被调制为识别用于调用所述紧急呼叫功能的语音输入。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述设备当前是否被授权使用在所述设备的当前地理位置处可用的蜂窝服务来发起非紧急电话呼叫；以及
响应于确定所述设备当前未被授权使用在所述设备的所述当前地理位置处可用的蜂窝服务来发起非紧急电话呼叫，调用所述受限自然语言处理模块来处理所述语音输入。
13.一种电子设备，包括：
存储器；和
耦接至所述存储器的处理单元，所述处理单元被配置为：
当数字助理的除紧急呼叫功能之外的一个或多个基于语音的功能经由所述电子设备上的语音输入可访问时，接收来自用户的语音输入；
确定所述语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定；
基于所述电子设备的地理位置来确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定；以及
响应于确定所述语音输入表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定，呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述电子设备具有活动的数据连接。
15.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述电子设备不具有至已订阅电话服务的活动连接，但可使用基带电话服务。
16.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述电子设备不具有操作的SIM卡。
17.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述电子设备不具有与在所述电子设备的当前位置处可用的任何电话服务兼容的SIM卡。
18.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述处理单元进一步被配置为在确定所述本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定之前探知所述电子设备的所述地理位置。
19.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述紧急调度电话号码为存储在所述电子设备上的多个紧急调度电话号码中的一个紧急调度电话号码。
20.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中确定所述语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定包括确定所述语音输入是否明确地表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定；并且
其中所述处理单元被进一步配置为
在没有进一步用户输入的情况下，响应于确定所述语音输入明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求，使用所述紧急呼叫功能呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码；以及
响应于确定所述语音输入未明确地表达紧急呼叫的用户请求，在使用所述紧急呼叫功能呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码之前，向所述用户提供通知和用于确认发起紧急呼叫的用户请求的示能表示。
21.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中确定所述语音输入是否表达发起紧急呼叫的用户请求或获得对此的确定包括确定所述语音输入为用于呼叫第一紧急号码的用户请求或获得对此的确定；
其中基于所述电子设备的地理位置来确定本地紧急调度电话号码或获得对此的确定包括确定第二紧急号码或获得对此的确定；并且
其中所述处理单元被进一步配置为：在所述第一紧急号码不同于所述第二紧急号码时，使用所述紧急呼叫功能呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码包括呼叫所述第二紧急号码。
22.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述处理单元被进一步配置为：
在呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码之前，向所述用户提供所述电子设备将立即呼叫所述本地紧急调度电话号码的通知；以及
在提供所述通知的同时，向所述用户提供取消发起紧急呼叫的所述请求的示能表示。
23.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述处理单元被进一步配置为：
在所述数字助理内提供受限自然语言处理模块，其中所述受限自然语言处理模块不同于在正常操作期间由所述数字助理使用的主要自然语言处理模块，并且其中所述受限自然语言处理模块被调制为识别用于调用所述紧急呼叫功能的语音输入。
24.根据权利要求23所述的电子设备，其中所述处理单元被进一步配置为：
确定所述电子设备当前是否被授权使用在所述电子设备的当前地理位置处可用的蜂窝服务来发起非紧急电话呼叫；以及
响应于确定所述电子设备当前未被授权使用在所述电子设备的所述当前地理位置处可用的蜂窝服务来发起非紧急电话呼叫，调用所述受限自然语言处理模块来处理所述语音输入。
25.一种操作数字助理以提供紧急呼叫功能的设备，所述设备包括用于实现权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法的步骤的装置。
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