CN1239566C - 在聚酯工艺中代替水塔的吸附器系统 - Google Patents

在聚酯工艺中代替水塔的吸附器系统 Download PDF

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CN1239566C
CN1239566C CNB018202519A CN01820251A CN1239566C CN 1239566 C CN1239566 C CN 1239566C CN B018202519 A CNB018202519 A CN B018202519A CN 01820251 A CN01820251 A CN 01820251A CN 1239566 C CN1239566 C CN 1239566C
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adsorption bed
dihydroxy compound
reactor
fluid stream
desorption
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CN1479761A (zh
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B·R·德布鲁因
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Eastman Chemical Co
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Abstract

本发明提供借助于选择性地回收二羟基化合物的吸附系统从聚酯生产产生的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法。

Description

在聚酯工艺中代替水塔的吸附器系统
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求美国临时申请序列号60/254,040(2000年12月7日提出)的优先权,在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及聚酯工艺和设备,更具体地涉及包括吸附系统、但没有水塔及其他蒸馏系统组成部分的聚酯工艺和设备。
背景技术
由于聚酯制造的竞争变得日趋激烈,因此较低成本制造工艺和设备的变通方案是高度希望的。已经开发了多种工艺和设备,然而,这些系统包含复杂和昂贵的设计,它们不能被迅速地建造或者安装。它们还需要费用高的专业技能来正确地维护和操作。例如,在典型的聚酯加工装置中,反应器系统通常包括一系列蒸馏塔,它们用于各种目的,包括回收未反应的二羟基化合物,这些未反应的二羟基化合物可能包含在源于聚酯制造工艺的各种流体物流中。
典型的蒸馏系统包括水塔、反萃取塔和MGM塔(混合的二醇和单体塔或者乙二醇缩合物塔)。通常,来自一个或多个反应器的流体物流被送到水塔。在那里,将水与二醇或者其他二羟基化合物分离。低沸点馏分,例如水,在塔顶被除去并被送到反萃取塔,而二羟基化合物,例如二醇,及其他高沸点馏分在塔底被除去,它们可以被送回到反应器系统,或者可选择地,送到贮存装置。反萃取塔在反萃取塔顶分出各种组分,例如paradioxane,它们不能被送到废水处理装置。
这些是复杂和昂贵的单元操作,此外为了适当地安装和运转,它们还需要大量的空间。因此,本领域需要成本较低、较简单的设备和工艺,用于从源于聚酯制造工艺的流体物流分离和回收未反应的二羟基化合物。
发明内容
除其他方面之外,本发明提供用于从源于聚酯制造工艺的流体物流分离和回收二羟基化合物的工艺和设备。更具体地,本发明提供在没有水塔及其他蒸馏设备的情况下使用吸附系统的方法,为回收二羟基化合物提供更紧凑和成本有效的手段。因而,根据本发明在聚酯制造工艺中使用吸附系统可以减少或甚至消除对庞大的塔、设备、槽、搅拌器、泵等等的需要。
因此,在第一个方面,本发明提供用于从源于聚酯生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)提供具有内容积的反应器,其中至少一部分内容积由反应混合物占用,该反应混合物包括至少一种二羧酸或者其酯和至少一种二羟基化合物;(b)在所述反应器中用所述至少一种二羟基化合物将所述至少一种二羧酸或者其酯酯化或者酯交换,由此生产:(i)酯化产品或者酯交换产品;和(ii)包含所述至少一种二羟基化合物的流体物流;和(c)将所述源于步骤(b)的酯化或者酯交换反应的流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物。
在第二个方面,本发明提供用于从源于聚酯聚合物生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)提供具有内容积的反应器,其中至少一部分所述内容积被聚酯单体占用;(b)将所述聚酯单体缩聚以生产聚酯聚合物和包含二羟基化合物的流体物流;和(c)将所述源于缩聚反应的流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物。
在第三个方面,本发明提供用于从源于聚酯聚合物生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)提供具有第一内容积的第一反应器,其中至少一部分所述第一内容积被包括至少一种二羧酸组分和至少一种二羟基化合物组分的反应混合物占用;(b)用所述至少一种二羟基化合物组分将所述至少一种二羧酸组分酯化或者酯交换,以生产:(i)酯化产品或者酯交换产品;和(ii)包含所述二羟基化合物的第一流体物流;(c)提供与所述第一反应器流体连通的具有第二内容积的第二反应器,其中至少一部分所述第二内容积被步骤(b)的酯化或者酯交换产品占用;(d)使步骤(c)的酯化或者酯交换产品缩聚以生产聚酯聚合物和包含所述二羟基化合物的第二流体物流;和(e)将所述来自步骤(b)的第一流体物流和来自步骤(d)的第二流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物。
在另一个方面,本发明还提供用于从源于聚酯生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)提供具有内容积的反应器,其中至少一部分所述内容积被包含至少一种二羧酸或者其酯和至少一种二羟基化合物的反应混合物占用;(b)在所述反应器中用所述至少一种二羟基化合物将所述至少一种二羧酸或者其酯酯化或者酯交换,由此生产:(i)酯化产品或者酯交换产品;和(ii)包含所述至少一种二羟基化合物的流体物流;和(c)在没有水塔的情况下,将源于步骤(b)的酯化或者酯交换反应的所述流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物。
根据说明书或者通过实施本发明,将明了本发明其他的优点和实施方案。本发明的其他优点还可以通过尤其在所附权利要求中指出的要素和结合来实现和获得。因此,应当理解,上述的一般说明和以下的详细说明两者都是本发明某些实施方案的示例和解释,而不是对本发明的限制。
附图说明
为了清楚地理解本发明,现在仅仅以示例的方式参考附图1,其显示用于实施本发明一个实施方案的具体设备和配置。
发明详述
参考以下详细说明和在此提供的任何实施例,可以更容易地理解本发明。同时应当理解,本发明不局限于如下所述的具体实施方案和方法,因为具体的组成部分和/或条件是理所当然可以变化的。此外,在此使用的术语仅仅用于描述本发明的具体实施方案,而不以任何方式进行限制。
还应注意到,在说明书和所附权利要求中,单数形式“一”、“该”和“所述”包括复数对象,除非上下文中另外清楚地指明。例如,当以单数形式提到一个组成部分时,其指包括许多的组成部分。
在此,范围可以表示为从“大约”或者“近似”一个具体值和/或到“大约”或者“近似”另一个具体值。当表示这类范围时,另一个实施方案包括从所述一个具体值和/或到所述另一个具体值。类似地,当用在前的“大约”或者“近似”以近似值来表示值时,应当理解所述具体的值形成另一个实施方案。
在本申请中,如果参考出版物,则这些出版物的全部公开内容将全文引入本申请作为参考,以更充分地描述本发明涉及的现有技术状况。
当用于说明书和结论性权利要求时,残基指在特定反应流程或者得到的制剂或者化学产品中化学物质的最终产物部分,与该部分实际上是否从该化学物质获得无关。因此,例如,聚酯中的乙二醇残基指聚酯中一个或多个-OCH2CH2O-重复单元,与乙二醇是否被用来制备所述聚酯无关。类似地,聚酯中的癸二酸残基指聚酯中的-CO(CH2)8CO-部分,与该残基是否是通过癸二酸或者其酯反应制备聚酯而得到的无关。
在第一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于从源于聚酯生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)提供具有内容积的反应器,其中至少一部分内容积由反应混合物占用,该反应混合物包括至少一种二羧酸或者其酯和至少一种二羟基化合物;(b)在所述反应器中用所述至少一种二羟基化合物将所述至少一种二羧酸或者其酯酯化或者酯交换,由此生产:(i)酯化产品或者酯交换产品;和(ii)包含所述至少一种二羟基化合物的流体物流;和(c)将所述源于步骤(b)的酯化或者酯交换反应的流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物。
在第二个实施方案中,本发明提供用于从源于聚酯聚合物生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)提供具有内容积的反应器,其中至少一部分所述内容积被聚酯单体占用;(b)将所述聚酯单体缩聚以生产聚酯聚合物和包含二羟基化合物的流体物流;和(c)将所述源于缩聚反应的流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物。
在第三个实施方案中,本发明提供用于从源于聚酯聚合物生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)提供具有第一内容积的第一反应器,其中至少一部分所述第一内容积被包括至少一种二羧酸组分和至少一种二羟基化合物组分的反应混合物占用;(b)用所述至少一种二羟基化合物组分将所述至少一种二羧酸组分酯化或者酯交换,以生产:(i)酯化产品或者酯交换产品;和(ii)包含所述二羟基化合物的第一流体物流;(c)提供与所述第一反应器流体连通的具有第二内容积的第二反应器,其中至少一部分所述第二内容积被步骤(b)的酯化或者酯交换产品占用;(d)使步骤(c)的酯化或者酯交换产品缩聚以生产聚酯聚合物和包含所述二羟基化合物的第二流体物流;和(e)将所述来自步骤(b)的第一流体物流和来自步骤(d)的第二流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物。
还应该理解,本发明的方法和设备可以与任何已知的聚酯形成方法联合使用。因此,当用于说明书和所附权利要求时,短语聚酯方法指酯化方法、酯交换方法或甚至缩聚方法。另外,还考虑到,本发明的聚酯方法可以包括(1)酯化方法和/或酯交换方法和(2)缩聚方法的组合。因此,本发明的聚酯方法可以是任何已知的用于形成聚酯单体、聚酯低聚物和/或聚酯均聚物和/或共聚物的方法。
为此,应当理解,在此使用的术语“聚酯”用以包括任何已知的聚酯衍生物,包括但不限于,聚醚酯、聚酯酰胺和聚醚酯酰胺。因此,为简单起见,在说明书和权利要求中,术语聚酯、聚醚酯、聚酯酰胺和聚醚酯酰胺可互换使用并且通常称为聚酯,但是应当理解,特定的聚酯物质取决于起始原料,即聚酯前体反应物和/或组分。
在此,术语“酯化方法”或者“酯化反应”指聚酯方法,其中具有酸官能团的反应物、例如二羧酸起反应得到聚酯产品。同样地,在此,术语酯交换方法或者酯交换反应指聚酯方法,其中具有烷基端基、例如甲基端基的反应物起反应得到聚酯产品。因此,为简单起见,在说明书和所附权利要求中,术语酯化和酯交换可互换地使用并且通常被称为酯化,但是应当理解,酯化或者酯交换取决于起始原料。
酯化或者酯交换方法包括一种或多种集成工艺特征也在本发明范围内。例如,在一个实施方案中,酯化方法可以包括一个酯化反应器。然而,在可选择的实施方案中,酯化方法可以包括以串联、并联或者其组合设置的酯化反应器系统或者系列。因此,在另一个实施方案中,酯化方法可以包括两个或更多的酯化反应器,优选它们互相是流体连通的。
在此,术语“缩聚”用以指任何已知的形成低聚物和/或聚合物的方法。例如,在一个实施方案中,本发明的缩聚方法是形成聚酯低聚物和/或聚酯聚合物的方法。
此外,与前面定义的酯化方法类似,缩聚方法也可以包括一种或多种分立的和/或集成的工艺特征。例如,在一个实施方案中,缩聚方法可以包括一个缩聚反应器。然而,在可选择的实施方案中,缩聚方法可以包括以串联、并联或者其组合设置的两个或更多的缩聚反应器的系统或者系列。因此,在第二个实施方案中,本发明的缩聚方法可以包括两个或更多的缩聚反应器,优选它们互相之间全部是流体连通的。在另一个实施方案中,缩聚方法包括与后缩聚器或者聚合物反应器流体连通的第一预聚物或者低聚物缩聚反应器。
就此而言,在此,术语“预聚物反应器”或者“低聚物反应器”用以指第一缩聚反应器。虽然不是要求的,预聚物反应器通常保持在真空下。本领域普通技术人员将理解,预聚物反应器通常(非限制地)用于最初使预聚物链从大约1到5的进料长度增长到大约4到30的出口长度。
与其相关地,术语“后缩聚反应器”或者“聚合物反应器”在此用以指缩聚反应系统的最后的熔体阶段。同样,虽然不是要求的,第二个缩聚反应器或者后缩聚反应器通常保持在真空下。此外,本领域普通技术人员还将理解,后缩聚反应器通常用于使聚合物链增长到要求的最终长度。
当用于说明书和所附权利要求时,术语反应器用以指任何已知的适合于上述聚酯方法中使用的反应器。因而,供本发明方法和设备使用的适合的反应器是构造成限定一个内容积的反应器,其中在任何给定的聚酯工艺期间,所述反应器的至少一部分所述内容积被反应混合物占用。
本发明方法使用的适合的反应器实例包括,但不限于,管式反应器,例如美国临时申请序列号60/254,040(2000年12月7日提出)和美国应用(Utility)专利申请“使用管式反应器的低成本聚酯工艺”(2001年12月7日)中公开的,该申请全文在此引入作为参考。在可选择的实施方案中,本发明可以使用连续搅拌釜式反应器、反应蒸馏塔、搅拌管式反应器、热虹吸反应器、强制再循环反应器、滴流床反应器和任何其他已知用于化学制造工艺的反应器或者反应器原理来实施。此外,还应该理解,在此提出的任何一种或多种反应器用于连续、间歇或者半连续聚酯制造工艺也在本发明的范围之内。
在此,术语或者短语“流体”或者“流体物流”用以指任何液体、蒸气或者气体或者其混合物,其存在于或者源于聚酯制造工艺反应器系统的任何区域。例如,但不限于,本发明的流体物流可以来自CSTR反应器和/或管式反应器。同样地,该流体物流可以来自酯化或者酯交换反应器、缩聚反应器或者其组合。就此而言,流体或者流体物流可以是任何不包含大量聚酯反应产物的过量的流体物流。
用于本发明的适合的二羧酸包括:优选具有8到14个碳原子的芳香族二羧酸、优选具有4到12个碳原子的脂肪族二羧酸或者优选具有8到12个碳原子的脂环族二羧酸。二羧酸的具体实例包括对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘-2,6-二甲酸、环己烷二甲酸、环己烷二乙酸、联苯-4,4’-二羧酸、联苯-3,4’-二羧酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、其混合物等等。
同样地,适合的本发明的二羟基化合物包括优选具有6到20个碳原子的脂环族二醇或者优选具有3到20个碳原子的脂肪族二醇。这类二醇的具体实例包括乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,4-环己烷-二甲醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,4-二醇、戊烷-1,5-二醇、己烷-1,6-二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基戊二醇-(2,4)、2-甲基戊二醇-(1,4)、2,2,4-三甲基戊烷二醇-(1,3)、2-乙基己二醇-(1,3)、2,2-二乙基丙二醇-(1,3)、己二醇-(1,3)、1,4-二-(羟基乙氧基)-苯、2,2-双-(4-羟基环己基)-丙烷、2,4-二羟基-1,1,3,3-四甲基-环丁烷、2,2,4,4-四甲基环丁二醇、2,2-双-(3-羟基乙氧基苯基)-丙烷、2,2-双-(4-羟基丙氧基苯基)-丙烷、异山梨糖醇、对苯二酚、其混合物等等。
适合的二羧酸共聚单体包括,但不限于,芳香族二羧酸、脂肪族二羧酸、脂肪族或者芳香族二羧酸的酯、脂肪族或者芳香族二羧酸的酸酐及其混合物。在一个实施方案中,优选适合的二羧酸共聚单体包括优选具有8到14个碳原子的芳香族二羧酸、优选具有4到12个碳原子的脂肪族二羧酸或者优选具有8到12个碳原子的脂环族二羧酸。就此而言,适合的二羧酸共聚单体的更具体的实例包括对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘-2,6-甲酸、环己烷二甲酸、环己烷二乙酸、联苯-4,4’-二羧酸、联苯-3,4’-二羧酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、其混合物等等。
适合的二羟基共聚单体包括,但不限于,脂肪族或者芳香族二羟基化合物及其混合物。在一个实施方案中,优选适合的二羟基共聚单体包括优选具有6到20个碳原子的脂环族二醇或者优选具有3到20个碳原子的脂肪族二醇。这类二醇共聚单体的更具体的实例包括乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,4-环己烷-二甲醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,4-二醇、戊烷-1,5-二醇、己烷-1,6-二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基戊二醇-(2,4)、2-甲基戊二醇-(1,4)、2,2,4-三甲基戊烷-二醇(1,3)、2-乙基己二醇-(1,3)、2,2-二乙基丙-二醇-(1,3)、己二醇-(1,3)、1,4-二-(羟基乙氧基)-苯、2,2-双-(4-羟基环己基)-丙烷、2,4-二羟基-1,1,3,3-四甲基-环丁烷、2,2,4,4-四甲基环丁二醇、2,2-双-(3-羟基乙氧基苯基)-丙烷、2,2-双-(4-羟基丙氧基苯基)-丙烷、异山梨糖醇、对苯二酚、BDS-(2,2-(磺酰基双)4,1-亚苯基氧基))双(乙醇)、其混合物等等。
在此,“吸附系统”指一个或多个以串联、并联或者其组合设置的吸附床的系统,其被设计成能将过量或者未反应的聚酯工艺的反应物,即二羟基化合物,或者聚酯工艺的副产品,从流体相转移到吸附床的一个或多个表面,最后得到脱附和回收。就此而言,用于本发明方法的适合的吸附床是本领域众所周知的,并且可以从美国和世界各地的许多公司获得。简要地讲,本发明的吸附系统优选使用三个或以上吸附床,通过吸附、脱附和备用循环阶段或者顺序的组合,选择性地吸附和脱附来自流体物流的二羟基组分。
虽然适用于任何化工工艺,本发明尤其适用于从聚酯制造工艺中回收组分。就此而言,本发明优选的聚酯制造工艺包括,但是不局限于,用于制造PET均聚物和共聚物、PETG(用CHDM共聚单体改性的PET)、全芳香族或者液晶聚酯、包含丁二醇、对苯二甲酸和己二酸的可生物降解的聚酯、聚(环己烷-二亚甲基对苯二甲酸酯)均聚物和共聚物、CHDM的均聚物和共聚物、和二甲基环己烷二羧酸酯、脂肪族-芳香族共聚酯及其混合物的工艺。
使用吸附系统用于回收来自聚酯制造工艺的未反应的和/或过量的反应物或者用于回收副产品,可以有利地减少或者消除塔、设备、槽、搅拌器、泵等等,并且在本发明的一个方面,可以用少量简单的大管子或者槽、压缩机和两个换热器来代替它们。在实施本发明时,本领域普通技术人员将明了几个其他的优点。
例如,吸附系统可以节省能量,因为在普通蒸馏塔中的回流步骤是不需要的。此外,还可以知道,与蒸馏系统相比,吸附系统回收的产品更纯,并且副产品更少。例如,在流体物流包含乙二醇液体和/或蒸气的实施方案中,吸附系统能够回收更纯的乙二醇,并且副产品(即使有)例如水更少。这是重要的优点,因为,正如将在此讨论的,回收的二羟基化合物例如乙二醇可以再循环到反应器系统中的任何需要的位置,例如再循环到酯化或者酯交换反应器。此外,水存在于酯化或者酯交换反应器中可以显著地降低其中的反应速率。因此,以较低的含水量回收二羟基化合物并将其用于反应器系统,可以获得较高的反应速率,从而可以使用较小的酯化或者酯交换反应器系统。
具体地参考图1,其举例说明了本发明的一个实施方案,其中显示了用于实施本发明具体实施方案的设备。按照该实施方案,提供了一个吸附系统,其包括第一、第二和第三吸附床,其中所述第一、第二和第三吸附床与源于聚酯制造工艺的流体物流处于选择性地控制的流体连通状态。
在一个实施方案中,使上述第一、第二和第三吸附床进行至少一个连续循环,其包括:(a)(i)第一阶段,其包括使流体物流通过完全脱附的第一吸附床,直到所述第一吸附床被来自所述流体物流的至少一种组分基本上饱和;(ii)与步骤a(i)同时地,通过使惰性气体流通过完全饱和的第二吸附床,使至少一种组分从完全饱和的第二吸附床完全脱附;和(iii)与步骤a(i)和a(ii)同时地,使完全脱附的第三吸附床保持在备用状态;(b)(i)第二阶段,其包括使流体物流通过完全脱附的第三吸附床,直到所述第三吸附床被来自所述流体物流的至少一种组分基本上饱和;(ii)与步骤b(i)同时地,通过将惰性气体流通过完全饱和的第一吸附床,使至少一种组分从完全饱和的第一吸附床完全脱附;和(iii)与步骤b(i)和b(ii)同时地,使脱附的第二吸附床保持在备用状态;和(c)(i)第三阶段,其包括使流体物流通过完全脱附的第二吸附床,直到所述第二吸附床被来自所述流体物流的至少一种组分基本上饱和;(ii)与步骤c(i)同时地,通过将惰性气体流通过完全饱和的第三吸附床,使至少一种组分从完全饱和的第三吸附床完全脱附;和(iii)与步骤c(i)和c(ii)同时地,使完全脱附的第一吸附床保持在备用状态。
还应该理解,在此术语“备用状态”,在一个实施方案中,指一种运行方式,其中将吸附床作为完全脱附的吸附床维持,因此包含二羟基化合物的流体物流不从其中通过。可选择地,在另一个实施方案中,以备用状态操作的吸附床可以同时被最低量的包含于从冷凝器出来的流体物流中的二羟基化合物气体/蒸气和/或液体部分地饱和或者负载。因此,在备用状态操作的完全脱附的吸附床还同时净化从冷凝器出来的流体物流也在本发明的范围内。
参考图1,如该图所示,来自一个或多个反应器的流体物流作为物流189被送到第一吸附器床181并且以物流190出来。就此而言,存在于所述流体物流中的蒸气或者气体通常来源于酯化反应器或者酯交换反应器。然而,也考虑到,这类蒸气可以来自放空机构,该放空机构被设计成能除去输送通过再循环回路的再循环流体中存在的夹带蒸气,例如在美国临时申请序列号60/254,040(2000年12月7日)中公开的,在此将该文献全文引入作为参考。在一个实施方案中,所述流体物流中的蒸气或者气体包括乙二醇。
所述流体物流中存在的液体通常来源于缩聚反应器和其他的物流,它们可以来源于泵清洗、泵密封、真空泵、蒸发器清洗、中间冷凝器等等及其混合物。因此,在另一个实施方案中,流体物流中存在的液体可以包括液体乙二醇。
在优选的实施方案中,物流190具有连续监测仪器,其指示要被保留的所需组分从所述床出来的情况。可以使用任何已知的用于连续监测物流的仪器和/或设备,例如FTIR装置,然而在具有足够的经验时监测单一波长也是适合的,其中在已经获得必要的经验之后,物流190的重定向可以用定时器来完成。此外,所述监测甚至可以通过手工取样来实现。
直到和除非希望的组分从所述吸附塔出来,如监测设备指示的,否则全部其他组分通过物流190被送到物流184。物流184被送到热分解装置,例如换热介质炉、热氧化器、催化氧化器等。一旦床181被饱和和希望的组分开始从物流190出来,则包含所述希望的组分的流体物流被重定向到下一个吸附器床。
为了简洁的目的,为了使用相同的图,床181现在表示一个部分负载的床,其正在由来自一个或多个反应器的物流189饱和。吸附床182现在是在前段中描述的完全饱和的床。吸附床183是完全脱附的床。床181现在正在被饱和,如上面描述的。
床182具有热惰性气体流,例如氮气、二氧化碳、氩气等等,其经由物流191提供并且来自对所述惰性气体流进行加热的热交换器188。应当理解,可以使用任何方便的热源,例如水蒸汽、电、高温气或者蒸气或者热液体例如换热介质等等。在可选择的实施方案中,也可以在冷凝器物流187、189、192、193和物流191之间换热。此外,本发明也考虑到,可以使用普通的气对气热交换器以及定床换热器。
惰性气体流的动力来自压缩机或者鼓风机186,虽然喷射器装置可以与惰性成分物流197一起使用。组件186的进口压力借助于加入惰性气体流197和再循环物流195来保持。
进入床182的热惰性气体使该床的组分脱附。可选择地,可以使用水蒸汽或者其他热的可冷凝蒸气,但是这会降低排出物流的纯度,而且还需要其他的分离设备用于分离该物流。本领域技术人员知道,可以控制物流191的流量和温度,以使床182精确地脱附,借此将脱附的组分分离为高纯度的、分离的脉冲流(pulses)。这些脉冲流以物流192中出来,并且可以通过与用于物流190类似的装置监测。当不希望的组分从床182中被除去进入物流192时,将三通阀或者多个两通阀切换,而将物流192经由物流198并经由物流184重定向到热氧化装置。可选择地,物流192可以通过不冷却的冷凝器185并转到物流184以进行热氧化。
当希望的组分被从床182中除去进入物流192时,将所述阀门切换而使物流192转到物流199并进入冷凝器185。冷凝器185可以用空气、冷却的水、冷却的气体、膨胀冷却或者本领域普通技术人员已知的任何其他用于冷却的适当手段进行冷却。冷却的物流199将降到饱和温度以下,并且大部分以蒸气或者气体存在的希望的组分,即使不是全部,将从所述物流中冷凝为液体。然后,将物流187中的液体导向用于该产品的适当的贮藏容器。然而,在可选择的实施方案中,可以将冷凝的二羟基组分直接循环回到反应器,以进一步用于聚酯单体、低聚物或者聚合物的生产。
一旦物流192再次包含不希望的组分,用于选择性地引导该物流的装置,例如阀门、换向器或者其他选择性的控制或者重定向设备,被再次设定,以将物流192送到热氧化装置。这种在希望的和不希望的组分之间选择性的引导或开关过程继续到床182完全脱附为止,此时床182进入备用状态。
从冷凝器185出来的物流193的流体物流也可以包含最低量的要回收的希望的组分,但是其通常低于冷凝器185的饱和温度。因而,在一个实施方案中,物流193被送到完全脱附的床183。床183吸附所述希望的组分,借此净化物流193。然后,物流193从床183作为物流194出来。物流194作为物流195被引导回到鼓风机或者压缩机186。物流197再加上补充惰性气体用以保持压缩机186恒定的入口压力。
一旦床181被饱和和床182已经脱附,则所述床进行循环。因此,床181在循环中代替床182;床182代替床183;和床183代替床181。因此,在第二阶段中,床181将被脱附;床182处于备用状态和/或从冷凝器185吸附希望的组分;和床183将被蒸汽流的至少一种组分饱和。一旦床181被脱附和床183被饱和,床的功能将循环第三次并且第三阶段将开始。
应当理解,根据系统尺寸和生产的产品,进一步改进可能是必要的。例如,对于每种功能可能需要多个吸附器床以及多个冷却装置、压缩机、加热器和换热器。
在本申请中参考了各种出版物。这些出版物公开的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考,以便更充分地描述本发明涉及的现有技术的状况。
虽然已经参考某些实施方案的具体细节描述了本发明,但是不应当认为这些细节是本发明范围的限制,除非它们被引入所附权利要求中。
虽然已经连同优选的实施方案对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明的范围不受所提出的这些具体实施方案的限制,相反地,其覆盖了这些可选方案、改进和等同物,因为它们包括在所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围内。例如,反应条件例如组分浓度、希望的溶剂、溶剂混合物、温度和值的设定存在许多的变化和组合,其可用于优化从所描述的方法获得的产品纯度和产率。此外,本领域技术人员将知道,在实施本发明方法中,优化这类工艺条件仅仅需要合理的和常规的试验。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于从源于聚酯生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)提供具有内容积的反应器,其中至少一部分所述内容积被包含至少一种二羧酸或者其酯和至少一种二羟基化合物的反应混合物占用;
b)在所述反应器中,用所述至少一种二羟基化合物将所述至少一种二羧酸或者其酯酯化或者酯交换,由此生产:(i)酯化产品或者酯交换产品;和(ii)包含所述至少一种二羟基化合物的流体物流;和
c)将源于所述步骤(b)的酯化或者酯交换反应的所述流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物,该吸附系统包含至少一个用于吸附液体物流中至少一部分二羟基化合物的吸附床,该二羟基化合物随后借助于使惰性气体流通过吸附床而从吸附床中脱附。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述反应器是管式反应器.
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述反应器是连续搅拌釜式反应器。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述反应器是酯化反应器或者酯交换反应器。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少一种二羟基化合物包括乙二醇。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少一种二羧酸化合物包括对苯二甲酸。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述步骤(c)的吸附系统包括第一、第二和第三吸附床,其中所述第一、第二和第三吸附床与所述步骤(b)的流体物流处于选择性地控制的流体连通状态。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中步骤(c)进一步包括使所述第一、第二和第三吸附床进行至少一种连续循环,该连续循环具有:
d)(i)第一阶段,其包括:使所述步骤(b)的流体物流通过充分脱附的第一吸附床,直到所述第一吸附床基本上被来自所述步骤(b)的流体物流中的至少一种组分饱和;(ii)与步骤d(i)同时地,通过使惰性气体流通过所述充分饱和的第二吸附床,使至少一种组分从充分饱和的第二吸附床充分脱附;和(iii)与步骤d(i)和d(ii)同时地,使充分脱附的第三吸附床保持在备用状态;
e)(i)第二阶段,其包括:使所述步骤(b)的流体物流通过充分脱附的第三吸附床,直到所述第三吸附床被来自所述步骤(b)的流体物流中的至少一种组分基本上饱和;(ii)与步骤e(i)同时地,通过将惰性气体流通过所述充分饱和的第一吸附床,使至少一种组分从充分饱和的第一吸附床充分脱附;和(iii)与步骤e(i)和e(ii)同时地,将充分脱附的第二吸附床保持在备用状态;和
f)(i)第三阶段,其包括:使所述步骤(b)的流体物流通过充分脱附的第二吸附床,直到所述第二吸附床被来自所述步骤(b)的流体物流中的至少一种组分饱和;(ii)与步骤f(i)同时地,通过将情性气体流通过所述充分饱和的第三吸附床,使至少一种组分从充分饱和的第三吸附床充分脱附;和(iii)与步骤f(i)和f(ii)同时地,将充分脱附的第一吸附床保持在备用状态。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中所述步骤(b)的流体物流包括蒸气。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中所述方法在没有水塔的情况下进行。
11.一种用于从源于聚酯聚合物生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)提供具有内容积的反应器,其中至少一部分所述内容积被聚酯单体占用;
b)使所述聚酯单体缩聚以生产聚酯聚合物和包含所述二羟基化合物的流体物流;和
c)将源于所述缩聚反应的所述流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物,该吸附系统包含至少一个用于吸附液体物流中至少一部分二羟基化合物的吸附床,该二羟基化合物随后借助于使惰性气体流通过吸附床而从吸附床中脱附。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述流体物流包括液体。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中所述方法在没有水塔的情况下进行。
14.一种用于从源于聚酯聚合物生产的流体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)提供具有第一内容积的第一反应器,其中至少一部分所述第一内容积被包含至少一种二羧酸组分和至少一种二羟基化合物组分的反应混合物占用;
b)用所述至少一种二羟基化合物组分将所述至少一种二羧酸组分酯化或者酯交换,以生产:(i)酯化产品或者酯交换产品;和(ii)包含所述二羟基化合物的第一流体物流;
c)提供与所述第一反应器流体连通的具有第二内容积的第二反应器,其中至少一部分所述第二内容积被步骤(b)的酯化或者酯交换产品占用;
d)使步骤(c)的酯化或者酯交换产品缩聚,以生产聚酯聚合物和包含所述二羟基化合物的第二流体物流;和
e)将来自步骤(b)的所述第一流体物流和来自步骤(d)的所述第二流体物流用吸附系统处理,以选择性地回收所述二羟基化合物,该吸附系统包含至少一个用于吸附液体物流中至少一部分二羟基化合物的吸附床,该二羟基化合物随后借助于使情性气体流通过吸附床而从吸附床中脱附。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中所述第一流体物流包括蒸气和其中所述第二流体物流包括液体。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中所述方法在没有水塔的情况下进行。
17.用于从制备聚酯中产生的液体物流中回收二羟基化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)提供具有内容积的反应器,其中至少一部分该内容积被反应混合物占用,该反应混合物包含至少一种二羟酸或者其酯和至少一种二羟基化合物;
b)在该反应器中用该至少一种二羟基化合物将该至少一种二羧酸或者其酯酯化或者酯交换,由此产生:(i)酯化产品或者酯交换产品;和(ii)包含至少一种二羟基化合物的液体物流;和
c)使由步骤(b)的酯化或者酯交换反应产生的液体物流经受吸附系统,以有选择地回收二羟基化合物,
其中,步骤(c)的吸附系统包括第一、第二和第三吸附床,其中第一、第二和第三吸附床与步骤(b)的液体物流处于有选择地控制的流体连通状态。
18.权利要求7的方法,其中步骤(c)还包括使第一、第二和第三吸附床经受至少一个连续循环,该连续循环具有:
d)(i)第一阶段,其包括使步骤(b)的液体物流通过充分脱附的第一吸附床,直到第一吸附床被来自步骤(b)的液体物流的至少一种组分基本上饱和;(ii)与步骤d(i)同时地,借助于使惰性气体流通过充分饱和的第二吸附床而使至少一种组分从充分饱和的第二吸附床充分地脱附;和
(iii)与步骤d(i)和d(ii)同时地,使充分脱附的第三吸附床保持在备用状态;
e)(i)第二阶段,其包括使步骤(b)的液体物流通过充分脱附的第三吸附床,直到该第三吸附床被来自步骤(b)的液体物流的至少一种组分基本上饱和;(ii)与步骤e(i)同时地,借助于使惰性气体流通过充分饱和的第一吸附床而使至少一种组分从充分饱和的第一吸附床充分地脱附;和(iii)与步骤e(i)和e(ii)同时地,将充分脱附的第二吸附床保持在备用状态;和
f)(i)第三阶段,其包括使步骤(b)的液体物流通过充分脱附的第二吸附床,直到该第二吸附床被来自步骤(b)的液体物流的至少一种组分基本上饱和;(ii)与步骤f(i)同时地,借助于使惰性气体流通过充分饱和的第三吸附床而使至少一种组分从充分饱和的第三吸附床充分地脱附;和(iii)与步骤f(i)和f(ii)同时地,将充分脱附的第一吸附床保持在备用状态。
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JP2004515587A (ja) 2004-05-27
MY129341A (en) 2007-03-30
WO2002046267A3 (en) 2003-01-16
EP1453883B1 (en) 2012-11-21
CN1900139B (zh) 2012-11-14
AR031642A1 (es) 2003-09-24
KR20040010574A (ko) 2004-01-31
PL213706B1 (pl) 2013-04-30
WO2002046269A2 (en) 2002-06-13
EP2311897B1 (en) 2015-04-22
CN1612906A (zh) 2005-05-04
EP1358245B1 (en) 2008-06-18
RU2286359C2 (ru) 2006-10-27
BR0116012B1 (pt) 2011-04-05
ES2305135T3 (es) 2008-11-01
BR0116015A (pt) 2004-02-17
MY138910A (en) 2009-08-28
AU2002243291A1 (en) 2002-06-18
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CA2430570C (en) 2011-03-22
CN1479761A (zh) 2004-03-03
MXPA03004924A (es) 2003-09-10
DE60129837D1 (de) 2007-09-20
PL361814A1 (en) 2004-10-04
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CA2430585A1 (en) 2002-06-13
PL361761A1 (en) 2004-10-04
WO2002046267A2 (en) 2002-06-13
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ES2399881T3 (es) 2013-04-04
PT2311897E (pt) 2015-08-25
US20020091227A1 (en) 2002-07-11
PL395852A1 (pl) 2011-10-24
US20020137877A1 (en) 2002-09-26
ES2287180T3 (es) 2007-12-16
PT1341835E (pt) 2007-08-28
CN1900139A (zh) 2007-01-24
AR034189A1 (es) 2004-02-04
RU2286357C2 (ru) 2006-10-27
ES2540542T3 (es) 2015-07-10
US6815525B2 (en) 2004-11-09
BR0116022A (pt) 2004-01-13
WO2002046266A8 (en) 2004-05-06
KR100789053B1 (ko) 2007-12-26
WO2002046266A2 (en) 2002-06-13
JP2004526812A (ja) 2004-09-02
CA2430612A1 (en) 2002-06-13
CN1484663A (zh) 2004-03-24
EP1453883A2 (en) 2004-09-08
DE60134496D1 (de) 2008-07-31
AU2002228915A1 (en) 2002-06-18
KR20030068171A (ko) 2003-08-19
BR0116022B1 (pt) 2011-11-29
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CA2430570A1 (en) 2002-06-13

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