ES2372979T3 - Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente. - Google Patents
Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2372979T3 ES2372979T3 ES07122171T ES07122171T ES2372979T3 ES 2372979 T3 ES2372979 T3 ES 2372979T3 ES 07122171 T ES07122171 T ES 07122171T ES 07122171 T ES07122171 T ES 07122171T ES 2372979 T3 ES2372979 T3 ES 2372979T3
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- absorbent
- layer
- substrate
- adhesive
- absorbent core
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
- A61F13/49—Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/531—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a homogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/532—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a homogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad
- A61F13/5323—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a homogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad having absorbent material located in discrete regions, e.g. pockets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
- A61F13/15617—Making absorbent pads from fibres or pulverulent material with or without treatment of the fibres
- A61F13/15658—Forming continuous, e.g. composite, fibrous webs, e.g. involving the application of pulverulent material on parts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
- A61F13/15699—Forming webs by bringing together several webs, e.g. by laminating or folding several webs, with or without additional treatment of the webs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/535—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad, e.g. core absorbent layers being of different sizes
- A61F13/536—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad, e.g. core absorbent layers being of different sizes having discontinuous areas of compression
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
- A61F2013/53051—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged
- A61F2013/530547—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged positioned in a separate layer or layers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
- A61F2013/5395—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers with thermoplastic agent, i.e. softened by heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/021—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using electrical effects
- B32B2310/024—Peltier effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
- Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Un núcleo absorbente (28) útil para un artículo absorbente (20) que comprende una primera y segunda capas de almacenamiento que están unidas, comprendiendo la primera capa de almacenamiento una primera capa (100) de sustrato y una primera capa de material termoplástico (120), y comprendiendo la segunda capa de almacenamiento una segunda capa (100) de sustrato y una segunda capa de material termoplástico (120), en el que por cada capa de almacenamiento:dicha capa (100) de sustrato comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie, dicha capa de almacenamiento además comprende una capa discontinua de material absorbente, dicho material absorbente comprende un material (110) polimérico absorbente, dicho material absorbente de forma opcional comprende un material fibroso absorbente que no representa más de 20 por ciento en peso del peso total del material (110)polimérico absorbente, dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente comprende una primera superficie yuna segunda superficie, dicha capa de material termoplástico (120) comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie en donde dicha segunda superficie de dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente está en contacto al menos parcial con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa (100) de sustrato, y partes de dicha segunda superficie de dicha capa de material termoplástico (120) están en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa (100) de sustrato y partes de dicha segunda superficie de la dicha capa de material termoplástico (120) están en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente,en donde la primera y segunda capas de almacenamiento están unidas de tal modo que la primera superficie de la primera capa (100) de sustrato está orientada hacia la primera superficie de la segunda capa (100) de sustrato, con laprimera y segunda capas de material termoplástico en contacto entre sí, y en donde dicho material termoplástico es un adhesivo que tiene un módulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 20 oC de al menos 30.000 Pa y de menos de 300.000 Pa, medido por el método descrito en la presente memoria.
Description
Nucleo absorbente para un articulo absorbente
CAMPO DE LA INVENCION
La presente invenci6n se refiere a un articulo absorbente, preferiblemente un articulo absorbente desechable tal como un paial. La presente invenci6n de forma especifica se refiere a un nucleo absorbente para este articulo absorbente que proporciona una mejor inmovilizaci6n del material polimerico absorbente cuando el articulo esta total o parcialmente cargado con orina. Este nucleo absorbente es util para proporcionar un articulo absorbente de mayor confort de uso que es fino y seco.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION
Los articulos absorbentes, tales como paiales y productos para adultos incontinentes son articulos bien conocidos fabricados con fibra cortada. Se han realizado multiples intentos para proporcionarles un buen ajuste general y una elevada capacidad de absorci6n. Los paiales modernos utilizan materiales polimericos absorbentes o los denominados materiales superabsorbentes, que permiten almacenar una cantidad tan elevada como 300 ml de liquido en un paial de bebe tipico.
Aunque un paial de este tipo es generalmente un producto desechable, en algunos casos es usado durante muchas horas y tambien usado tanto en estado seco como en estado cargado con orina.
Por tanto, para proporcionar un buen confort de uso es muy importante mantener los materiales absorbentes comprendidos por un paial u otro articulo absorbente en su posici6n prevista, tanto cuando el articulo esta seco como cuando el articulo esta total o parcialmente cargado con orina (u otro liquido corporal).
En US-4.381.783 (Elias) se describe un articulo absorbente con un nucleo que comprende bolsillos de material hidrocoloide absorbente. Estos bolsillos se proporcionan para confinar el movimiento del material hidrocoloide, en particular cuando el articulo esta cargado total o parcialmente con orina. Los bolsillos forman parte de una capa absorbente y estan de forma tipica hechos de material de celulosa. Por tanto, para conseguir una buena inmovilizaci6n del material hidrocoloide segun la descripci6n de esta patente se necesitan cantidades relativamente elevadas de material celul6sico. Ademas, la inclusi6n de estos bolsillos puede dificultar la libre distribuci6n de liquido a las zonas mas absorbentes del nucleo, por ejemplo las zonas de materiales hidrocoloides.
En EP-724418 (Tanzer) se describe un articulo absorbente que incluye material superabsorbente situado en bolsillos diferenciados. El articulo absorbente comprende una primera y una segunda capas portadoras y un medio de fijaci6n sensible al agua para unir las capas portadoras y para proporcionar una pluralidad de regiones de bolsillo. El articulo comprende material de alta absorbencia situado dentro de dichas regiones de bolsillo. El medio de uni6n sensible al agua proporciona una resistencia en estado humedo que es menor que una fuerza de separaci6n transmitida por el hinchamiento de este material de alta absorbencia cuando este material de alta absorbencia es expuesto a un liquido acuoso. El articulo absorbente se afirma que proporciona una estructura absorbente que aloja de forma mas segura y contiene el material de alta absorbencia en una forma seleccionada de bolsillos cuando el articulo esta seco. Sin embargo, debido a la estructura de los bolsillos y en particular debido a la selecci6n del medio de uni6n sensible al agua, estos bolsillos no se mantienen cuando el articulo es total o parcialmente cargado con liquidos. Por tanto, se cree que este articulo absorbente no proporciona una inmovilizaci6n muy satisfactoria del material absorbente en estado total o parcialmente cargado con orina.
En US-A-5.425.725 (Tanzer), US-2002/102392 (Fish), US-2002/115969 (Maeda) y US-A-4055180 tambien se describen articulos en donde el material superabsorbente esta presente como una capa discontinua entre un sustrato y una capa de material termoplastico. Estos documentos del estado de la tecnica junto con EP-724418 se mencionan mas adelante como el estado de la tecnica de capas superabsorbentes discontinuas.
En WO 95/17868 (Palumbo) se describe una estructura absorbente que comprende dos capas de fibra y una capa intermedia. Esta capa intermedia comprende un material absorbente de hidrogel en una cantidad superior a 120 g/m2 y particulas de un material termoplastico. Aunque esta estructura ciertamente proporciona una buena inmovilizaci6n de las particulas absorbentes de hidrogel en estado seco, parece que en el estado cargado con orina s6lo se consigue una inmovilizaci6n menor. Los materiales termoplasticos descritos parecen hincharse mucho menos que los materiales de hidrogel descritos. Por tanto, en particular cuando se utiliza la estructura absorbente en un producto para absorber cantidades elevadas de liquido, por ejemplo un paial, la inmovilizaci6n en estado humedo puede no ser totalmente satisfactoria.
SUMARIO DE LA INVENCION
La presente invenci6n se refiere a un articulo absorbente, preferiblemente a un articulo absorbente desechable tal como un paial. Se describe un nucleo absorbente util para un articulo absorbente que proporciona mayor confort de uso al articulo y le hace fino y seco. Tambien se describe un proceso para obtener este nucleo. De forma especifica se
E07122171 30-11-2011
describe un nucleo absorbente util para un articulo absorbente que comprende una capa de sustrato, en donde la capa de sustrato comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie, comprendiendo tambien el nucleo absorbente una capa discontinua de material absorbente, comprendiendo el material absorbente un material polimerico absorbente, comprendiendo opcionalmente el material absorbente un material fibroso absorbente y no representando el material fibroso absorbente mas de 20% en peso del peso total del material polimerico absorbente, comprendiendo la capa discontinua de material absorbente una primera superficie y una segunda superficie, comprendiendo el nucleo absorbente tambien una capa de material termoplastico en forma de adhesivo termofusible fibroso, comprendiendo la capa de material termoplastico una primera superficie y una segunda superficie y en donde la segunda superficie de la capa discontinua de material absorbente esta en contacto al menos parcial con la primera superficie de la capa en cuesti6n, y en donde partes de la segunda superficie de la capa de material termoplastico estan en contacto directo con la primera superficie de la capa de sustrato y partes de la segunda superficie de la capa de material termoplastico estan en contacto directo con la primera superficie de la capa discontinua de material absorbente. La capa discontinua de material absorbente tiene zonas que comprenden material absorbente y zonas exentas de material absorbente, estando conectadas las zonas que comprenden material absorbente o las zonas exentas de material absorbente.
El nucleo esta caracterizado segun la tecnica sobre las capas superabsorbentes discontinuas porque comprende una primera y una segunda capas de almacenamiento que estan unidas, comprendiendo la primera capa de almacenamiento una primera capa de sustrato y una primera capa de material termoplastico y comprendiendo la segunda capa de almacenamiento una segunda capa de sustrato y una segunda capa de material termoplastico, en donde la primera y la segunda capas de almacenamiento estan unidas tambien de modo que la primera superficie de la primera capa de sustrato esta orientada hacia la primera superficie de la segunda capa de sustrato. Ademas se caracteriza por que el material termoplastico es un adhesivo que tiene un m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 20 0 C de al menos 30.000 Pa y menos de 300.000 Pa.
Tambien se describe un proceso para proporcionar un nucleo absorbente util en un articulo absorbente y es segun la invenci6n reivindicada, el proceso que comprende las etapas de:
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- proporcionar un material de sustrato que comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie
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- depositar material absorbente sobre la primera superficie del material de sustrato en un diseio, en donde el diseio comprende al menos una zona que esta practicamente exenta de material absorbente y al menos una zona que comprende material absorbente
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- depositar un material termoplastico sobre la primera superficie del material de sustrato y el material absorbente, de manera que partes del material termoplastico estan en contacto directo con la primera superficie del sustrato y partes del material termoplastico estan en contacto directo con el material absorbente.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA
La presente invenci6n se refiere a un articulo absorbente, preferiblemente a un articulo absorbente desechable tal como un paial.
En la presente memoria, los siguientes terminos tienen los siguientes significados:
El termino "articulo absorbente" se refiere a dispositivos que absorben y contienen liquido y, de forma mas especifica, se refiere a dispositivos que se colocan contra el cuerpo del portador o cerca del mismo para absorber y contener los diversos exudados descargados por el cuerpo. Los articulos absorbentes incluyen, aunque no de forma limitativa, paiales, bragas para adultos incontinentes, bragas paial, mallas para paiales y ap6sitos para paiales, compresas higienicas y similares.
El termino "desechable" se utiliza en la presente memoria para describir articulos que generalmente no estan previstos para ser lavados o de otra manera recuperados o reutilizados (es decir, estan previstos para ser desechados despues de un s6lo uso y, preferiblemente, para ser reciclados, convertidos en abono o de otra manera eliminados de forma compatible con el medio ambiente).
El termino "paial" se refiere a un articulo absorbente generalmente usado por bebes y personas incontinentes alrededor de la parte inferior del torso.
Los terminos "comprenden", "que comprende" y "comprende" son terminos abiertos que especifican la presencia de lo que sigue, p. ej. un componente, pero no excluyen la presencia de otras caracteristicas, elementos, etapas o componentes conocidos en la tecnica o descritos en la presente memoria.
En los dibujos adjuntos, la Figura 6 muestra un nucleo segun la presente invenci6n:
la Figura 1 es una vista en planta de un paial como una realizaci6n preferida de un articulo absorbente segun la presente invenci6n;
la Figura 2 muestra una secci6n transversal de la Figura 1 tomada en el eje transversal 110;
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la Figura 3 muestra un nucleo absorbente;
la Figura 4 muestra un nucleo absorbente alternativo;
la Figura 5 muestra c6mo, por ejemplo, pueden disponerse zonas de uni6n entre un material termoplastico y un material de sustrato; y
la Figura 6 muestra un nucleo absorbente segun la presente invenci6n.
La Figura 1 es una vista en planta de un paial 20 como una realizaci6n preferida de un articulo absorbente segun la presente invenci6n. El paial se muestra en estado extendido no contraido (es decir, sin contracci6n inducida por el elastico). Partes de la estructura han sido eliminadas para mostrar mas claramente la estructura subyacente del paial
20. La parte del paial 20 que se pone en contacto con el portador esta orientada hacia el observador. El bastidor 22 del paial 20 en la Figura 1 comprende el cuerpo principal del paial 20. El bastidor 22 comprende una cubierta exterior que incluye una lamina 24 superior permeable a los liquidos y/o una lamina 26 de respaldo impermeable a los liquidos. El bastidor puede incluir una parte de un nucleo absorbente 28 encajada entre la lamina superior 24 y la lamina 26 de respaldo. El bastidor puede tambien incluir la mayor parte o todo el nucleo absorbente 28 encajado entre la lamina superior 24 y la lamina 26 de respaldo. El bastidor preferiblemente tambien incluye paneles laterales 30, dobleces vueltos 32 para las piernas elastificados y un elemento 34 caracteristico de cintura elastica, en donde tanto los dobleces vueltos 32 para las piernas como el elemento caracteristico de cintura elastica de forma tipica comprenden elementos elasticos 33. Una parte final del paial 20 esta configurada como una primera regi6n 36 de cintura del paial 20. La parte final opuesta esta configurada como una segunda regi6n 38 de cintura del paial 20. Una parte intermedia del paial 20 esta configurada como una regi6n 37 de entrepierna que se extiende longitudinalmente entre la primera regi6n 36 y la segunda regi6n 38 de cintura. Las regiones 36 y 38 de cintura pueden incluir elementos elasticos que se ciien alrededor de la cintura del portador para proporcionar mejor ajuste y confinamiento (elemento 34 caracteristico de cintura elastica). La regi6n 37 de entrepierna es aquella parte del paial 20 que, cuando se utiliza el paial 20, se encuentra generalmente colocada entre las piernas del portador. El paial 20 se muestra con su eje longitudinal 10 y su eje transversal 12. La periferia del paial 20 esta definida por los bordes exteriores del paial 20, en donde los bordes longitudinales 44 se extienden generalmente paralelos al eje longitudinal 100 del paial 20 y los bordes terminales 46 se extienden entre los bordes longitudinales 44 generalmente paralelos al eje transversal 110 del paial 20. El bastidor tambien comprende un sistema de fijaci6n que puede incluir al menos un elemento 42 de sujeci6n y al menos una zona 45 de descarga almacenada.
En los articulos absorbente unitarios, el bastidor 22 comprende la estructura principal del paial con otras caracteristicas aiadidas para conformar la estructura de paial compuesta. Aunque la lamina superior 24, la lamina 26 de respaldo y el nucleo absorbente 28 pueden estar unidos en diferentes configuraciones bien conocidas, las configuraciones de paial preferidas se describen de forma general en las patentes US-5.554.145 titulada "Absorbent Article With Multiple Zone Structural Elastic-Like Film Web Extensible Waist Feature" concedida a Roe y col. el 10 de septiembre de 1996; US
5.569.234 titulada "Disposable Pull-On Pant" concedida a Buell y col. el 29 de octubre de 1996; y US-6.004.306 titulada "Absorbent Article With Multi-Directional Extensible Side Panels" concedida a Robles y col. el 21 de diciembre de 1999.
La lamina superior 24 en la Figura 1 puede estar total o parcialmente elastificada o puede estar reducida para proporcionar un espacio vacio entre la lamina superior 24 y el nucleo absorbente 28. Las estructuras ilustrativas, incluidas las laminas superiores elastificadas o reducidas, se describen con mas detalle en US-5.037.416 titulada "Disposable Absorbent Article Having Elastically Extensible Topsheet" concedida a Allen y col. el 6 de agosto de 1991; y US-5.269.775 titulada "Trisection Topsheets for Disposable Absorbent Articles and Disposable Absorbent Articles Having Such Trisection Topsheets" concedida a Freeland y col. el 14 de diciembre de 1993.
El nucleo absorbente 28 en la Figura 1 generalmente esta dispuesto entre la lamina superior 24 y la lamina 26 de respaldo. El nucleo absorbente 28 puede comprender cualquier material absorbente que sea generalmente compresible, adaptable, no irritante para la piel del portador y capaz de absorber y mantener liquidos tales como orina y otros exudados corporales. El nucleo absorbente 28 puede comprender una amplia variedad de materiales absorbentes de liquidos habitualmente utilizados en paiales desechables y otros articulos absorbentes tales como pasta de madera triturada, generalmente mencionada como fieltro de aire. Ejemplos de otros materiales absorbentes adecuados incluyen guata de celulosa plisada; polimeros fundidos por soplado, incluidos los co-formados; fibras celul6sicas quimicamente rigidizadas, modificadas o reticuladas; tisus, incluyendo envolturas de tisu y laminados de tisu; espumas absorbentes; esponjas absorbentes; polimeros superabsorbentes; materiales gelificantes absorbentes; o cualquier otro material absorbente o combinaciones de materiales conocidos. El nucleo absorbente 28 puede tambien comprender pequeias cantidades (de forma tipica menos de 10%) de materiales absorbentes de no liquidos tales como adhesivos, ceras, aceites y similares.
Las estructuras absorbentes ilustrativas para usar como unidades absorbentes se describen en US-4.610.678 (Weisman y col.); US-4.834.735 (Alemany y col.); US-4.888.231 (Angstadt); US-5.260.345 (DesMarais y col.); US
5.387.207 (Dyer y col.); US-5.397.316 (LaVon y col.) y US-5.625.,222 (DesMarais y col.).
La lamina 26 derespaldo puede estar unida con la lamina superior 24. La lamina 26 de respaldo impide que los exudados absorbidos por el nucleo absorbente 28 y contenidos dentro del articulo 20 manchen otros articulos externos que puedan
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entrar en contacto con el paial 20, tales como sabanas y prendas interiores. En realizaciones preferidas, la lamina 26 de respaldo es practicamente impermeable a los liquidos (p. ej., orina) y comprende un laminado de un material no tejido y una pelicula plastica fina tal como una pelicula termoplastica que tiene un espesor de aproximadamente 0,012mm (0,5 mil) a aproximadamente 0,051 mm (2,0mils). Las peliculas de lamina de respaldo adecuadas incluyen las fabricadas por Tredegar Industries Inc. de Terre Haute, IN, comercializadas con las marcas registradas X15306, X10962 y X10964. Otros materiales de lamina de respaldo adecuados pueden incluir materiales transpirables que permiten que el vapor escape del paial 20 al tiempo que evitan que los exudados pasen a traves de la lamina 26 de respaldo. Los materiales transpirables ilustrativos pueden incluir materiales tales como bandas tejidas, bandas no tejidas, materiales compuestos tales como bandas no tejidas recubiertas de pelicula y peliculas microporosas tales como las fabricadas por Mitsui Toatsu Co., de Jap6n, con el nombre ESPOIR NO y por Exxon Chemical Co., de Bay City, TX, (EE. UU.) con el nombre EXXAIRE. Los materiales compuestos transpirables adecuados que comprenden mezclas de polimeros son comercializados por Clopay Corporation, Cincinnati, OH (EE. UU.), con el nombre HYTREL blend P18-3097. Estos materiales compuestos transpirables se describen con mayor detalle en la solicitud PCT WO 95/16746, publicada el 22 de junio de 1995 a nombre de E. I. DuPont. Otras laminas de respaldo transpirables, incluidas bandas no tejidas y peliculas conformadas por aberturas, se describen en US-5.571.096, concedida a Dobrin y col. el 5 de noviembre de 1996.
El paial 20 puede tambien incluir otras caracteristicas como las conocidas en la tecnica, incluyendo paneles de orejetas frontal y trasera, caracteristicas de capa de cintura, elasticos y similares para proporcionar mejores caracteristicas de ajuste, confinamiento y estetica. Estas caracteristicas adicionales son bien conocidas en la tecnica y se encuentran, p. ej. descritas en las patentes US-3.860.003 y US-5.151.092.
Para mantener el paial 20 en su sitio en el cuerpo del portador, preferiblemente al menos una parte de la primera regi6n 36 de cintura esta unida por el elemento 42 de sujeci6n a al menos una parte de la segunda regi6n 38 de cintura, preferiblemente para formar abertura(s) de pierna y una cintura del articulo. Cuando esta fijado, el sistema de fijaci6n lleva una carga de tracci6n alrededor de la cintura del articulo. El sistema de fijaci6n esta diseiado para permitir al usuario de un articulo coger un elemento del sistema de fijaci6n tal como el elemento 42 de sujeci6n y unir la primera regi6n 36 de cintura a la segunda regi6n 38 de cintura en al menos dos lugares. Esto se consigue manipulando resistencias de enlace entre los elementos del dispositivo de fijaci6n.
Los paiales 20 segun la presente invenci6n pueden estar provistos de un sistema de fijaci6n cerrable repetidamente
o de forma alternativa pueden ser proporcionados en forma de paiales tipo braga.
El sistema de fijaci6n y cualquier componente del mismo pueden incluir cualquier material adecuado para este uso, incluyendo de forma no excluyente plasticos, peliculas, espumas, bandas no tejidas, bandas tejidas, papel, laminados, plastico reforzado con fibras y similares, o combinaciones de los mismos. Puede ser preferible que los materiales que forman el dispositivo de fijaci6n sean flexibles. La flexibilidad esta diseiada para permitir que el sistema de fijaci6n se adapte a la forma del cuerpo y asi reducir la probabilidad de que el sistema de fijaci6n irrite o daie la piel del portador.
La Figura 2 muestra una secci6n transversal de la Figura 1 tomada en el eje transversal 110. Partiendo de la cara orientada hacia el portador, el paial comprende la lamina superior 24, los componentes del nucleo absorbente 28 y la lamina 26 de respaldo. El nucleo absorbente preferiblemente comprende el sistema 50 de captaci6n, que comprende una capa 52 de captaci6n superior orientada hacia la piel del portador y una capa 54 de captaci6n inferior opuesta a la prenda de vestir del portador. En una realizaci6n preferida la capa 52 de captaci6n superior comprende un material no tejido mientras que la capa de captaci6n inferior preferiblemente comprende una mezcla de fibras quimicamente rigidizadas, retorcidas y onduladas, fibras de alta superficie especifica y fibras termoplasticas de uni6n. En otra realizaci6n preferida ambas capas de captaci6n son proporcionadas de un material no tejido, que preferiblemente es hidr6filo. La capa de captaci6n preferiblemente esta en contacto directo con la capa 60 de almacenamiento.
La capa 60 de almacenamiento puede estar envuelta por un material de envoltura de nucleo. En una realizaci6n preferida el material de envoltura de nucleo comprende una capa superior 56 y una capa inferior 58. El material de envoltura de nucleo, la capa superior 56 o la capa inferior 58 pueden estar hechos de un material no tejido. Un material preferido es el denominado material SMS, que comprende una capa ligada por hilado, una capa fundida por soplado y otra capa ligada por hilado. Muy preferidos son los materiales no tejidos permanentemente hidr6filos y en particular los materiales no tejidos con recubrimientos hidr6filos duraderos. Un material preferido alternativo comprende una estructura SMMS.
La capa superior 56 y la capa inferior 58 pueden estar hechas de dos o mas hojas separadas de materiales o de forma alternativa pueden estar hechas de una hoja unitaria de material. Esta hoja unitaria de material puede estar envuelta alrededor de la capa 60 de almacenamiento, p. ej. formando un pliegue en C.
Los materiales no tejidos preferidos estan hechos de fibras sinteticas, tales como PE, PET y con maxima preferencia PP. Dado que los polimeros utilizados para la producci6n de materiales no tejidos son inherentemente hidr6fobos, estos estan preferiblemente recubiertos con recubrimientos hidr6filos.
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Una forma preferida de producir material no tejido con recubrimientos hidr6filos duraderos es aplicando un mon6mero hidr6filo y un iniciador de polimerizaci6n de radicales al material no tejido y realizando una polimerizaci6n activada mediante luz UV para obtener mon6meros quimicamente unidos a la superficie del material no tejido, como se describe en EP-A-1403419.
Una manera alternativa preferida para producir materiales no tejidos con recubrimientos duraderos hidr6filos es recubrir el material no tejido con nanoparticulas hidr6filas como se describe en la solicitud codependiente WO 02/064877.
De forma tipica, las nanoparticulas tienen una dimensi6n maxima de menos de 750 nm. Las nanoparticulas con tamaios entre 2 y 750 nm pueden ser producidas de forma rentable. Las ventajas de las nanoparticulas es que muchas de ellas pueden dispersarse facilmente en soluci6n de agua para permitir la aplicaci6n de recubrimiento sobre el material no tejido; de forma tipica a partir de recubrimientos transparentes, y los recubrimientos aplicados a partir de soluciones acuosas son de forma tipica suficientemente resistentes a la exposici6n al agua.
Las nanoparticulas pueden ser de tipo organico o inorganico, sintetico o natural. Las nanoparticulas inorganicas generalmente existen como 6xidos, silicatos o carbonatos. Ejemplos tipicos de nanoparticulas adecuadas son minerales de tipo arcilla en forma de capas (p. ej., LAPONITE™ de Southern Clay Products, Inc. (EE. UU.), y Boehmite alumina (p. ej. Disperal P2™ de North American Sasol. Inc).
Un material no tejido recubierto con nanoparticulas muy preferido se describe en WO 2004/0158212, una solicitud titulada "Disposable absorbent article comprising a durable hydrophilic core wrap" cuyos inventores (en EE. UU., los solicitantes) son Ekaterina Anatolyevna Ponomarenko y Mattias NMN Schmidt.
Otros materiales no tejidos utiles se describen en WO 2002/0192366, WO 2002/0150678, EP-A-1356152, EP-A1470281 y EP-A-1470282.
En algunos casos, la superficie del material no tejido puede ser tratada previamente con tratamiento de alta energia (corona, plasma) antes de aplicar recubrimientos de nanoparticulas. El tratamiento previo con alta energia de forma tipica aumenta temporalmente la energia superficial de una superficie con baja energia superficial (tal como PP) permitiendo asi una mejor humectaci6n de un material no tejido por la dispersi6n de nanoparticulas en agua.
Cabe destacar que los materiales no tejidos permanentemente hidr6filos son tambien utiles en otras partes de un articulo absorbente. Por ejemplo, se ha descubierto que las laminas superiores y las capas de captaci6n que comprenden materiales no tejidos permanentemente hidr6filos, como se ha descrito anteriormente, dan buen resultado.
En resumen, en un aspecto de la presente invenci6n, se prefieren los articulos absorbentes que comprenden una tela no tejida, comprendiendo la tela no tejida una pluralidad de fibras y teniendo una tensi6n superficial de al menos 55, preferiblemente de al menos 60 y con maxima preferencia de al menos 65 mN/m o superior cuando esta es humedecida con soluci6n salina y presentando un tiempo de penetraci6n de menos de 5 s para un quinto chorro de liquido.
La tensi6n superficial es una medida del mantenimiento de un cierto nivel de hidrofilicidad. Este valor debe medirse utilizando el metodo de ensayo descrito mas adelante en la presente memoria.
El tiempo de penetraci6n es una medida del nivel de hidrofilicidad. Este valor debe medirse utilizando el metodo de ensayo descrito mas adelante en la presente memoria.
Segun la presente invenci6n el nucleo absorbente 28 comprende una capa 100 de sustrato, y material 110 polimerico absorbente y, en una realizaci6n preferida, una capa fibrosa de adhesivo 120. La capa 100 de sustrato esta preferiblemente hecha de un material no tejido y los materiales no tejidos preferidos son aquellos ilustrados anteriormente para la capa superior 56 6 la capa inferior 58.
La capa 100 de sustrato comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie. Al menos partes de la primera superficie de la capa 100 de sustrato estan en contacto directo con una capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente. Esta capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente es preferiblemente una capa discontinua y comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie. En la presente memoria, una capa discontinua es una capa que comprende aberturas. De forma tipica estas aberturas tienen un diametro o una separaci6n maxima de menos de 10 mm, preferiblemente de menos de 5 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm y de mas de 0,5 mm, 1 mm o 1,5 mm. Al menos partes de la segunda superficie de la capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente estan en contacto con al menos partes de la primera superficie del material de la capa 100 de sustrato. La primera superficie del material polimerico absorbente 112 delimita una cierta altura de la capa de polimero absorbente por encima de la primera superficie del material de la capa 100 de sustrato. Cuando la capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente es proporcionada como una capa discontinua, partes de la primera superficie de la capa 100 de sustrato no estan cubiertas por material 110 polimerico absorbente.
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Sin embargo, se prefiere aun mas proporcionar el material termoplastico 120 como una capa fibrosa que este parcialmente en contacto con el material 110 polimerico absorbente y parcialmente en contacto con la capa 100 de sustrato. La Figura 3 muestra esta estructura preferida. En esta estructura preferida la capa 110 de material polimerico absorbente es proporcionada como una capa discontinua y una capa de material 120 termoplastico fibroso es aplicada sobre la capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente de manera que la capa termoplastica 120 este en contacto directo con la primera superficie de la capa de material 110 polimerico absorbente, pero tambien en contacto directo con la primera superficie de la capa 100 de sustrato, no estando la capa de sustrato cubierta por el material 110 polimerico absorbent. Esto proporciona una estructura practicamente tridimensional a la capa fibrosa de material termoplastico 120 la cual, en si misma, es una estructura practicamente bidimensional con un espesor relativamente pequeio (en la direcci6n z), con respecto a la extensi6n en las direcciones x e y. En otras palabras, la capa 120 fibrosa de material termoplastico ondula entre la primera superficie del material 110 polimerico absorbente y la primera superficie de la capa 100 de sustrato.
Asi, el material termoplastico 120 proporciona cavidades para contener el material 110 polimerico absorbente e inmovilizar este material. En otro aspecto, el material termoplastico 120 se une al sustrato 100 fijando asi el material 110 polimerico absorbente al sustrato 100. Los materiales termoplasticos muy preferidos tambien penetraran en el material polimerico absorbente 110 y en la capa 100 de sustrato, proporcionando asi una inmovilizaci6n y una fijaci6n adicionales.
L6gicamente, aunque los materiales termoplasticos descritos en la presente memoria proporcionan una inmovilizaci6n en estado humedo mucho mejor, es decir una inmovilizaci6n del material absorbente cuando el articulo esta mojado o al menos parcialmente cargado, estos materiales termoplasticos tambien proporcionan una inmovilizaci6n del material absorbente muy buena cuando el articulo esta seco.
De acuerdo con la presente invenci6n, el material 110 polimerico absorbente tambien puede ser mezclado con material fibroso, tal como material de fieltro de aire, que puede proporcionar la matriz para una inmovilizaci6n adicional del material polimerico superabsorbente. Sin embargo, se utiliza una cantidad relativamente baja de material fibroso de celulosa, es decir menos de 20% en peso, preferiblemente menos de 10% en peso de material fibroso de celulosa con respecto al peso de material 110 polimerico absorbente.
En la Figura 4 se muestra un nucleo absorbente alternativo. El nucleo absorbente mostrado en la Figura 4 tambien comprende una capa 130 de cubierta. Esta capa de cubierta puede estar hecha del mismo material que la capa 100 de sustrato o puede estar hecha de un material diferente. Los materiales preferidos para la capa de cubierta son los materiales no tejidos, de forma tipica los materiales descritos anteriormente como utiles para la capa superior 56 y la capa inferior 58. En esta realizaci6n partes de la capa 130 de cubierta se unen a partes de la capa 100 de sustrato mediante el material termoplastico 120. Asi, la capa 100 de sustrato junto con la capa 130 de cubierta proporcionan cavidades para inmovilizar el material 110 polimerico absorbente.
Con respecto a las Figuras 3 y 4, las zonas de contacto directo entre el material termoplastico 120 y el material 100 de sustrato reciben el nombre de zonas de uni6n 140. El numero de formas y la disposici6n de las zonas de uni6n 140 afectara a la inmovilizaci6n del material 110 polimerico absorbente. Las zonas de uni6n pueden tener forma cuadrada, rectangular o circular. Las zonas de uni6n preferidas tienen forma circular. Preferiblemente tienen un diametro de mas de 0,5 mm 6 1 mm 6 1,5 mm y de menos de 10 mm 6 5 mm 6 3 mm 6 2 mm. Si las zonas de uni6n 140 no tienen forma circular, tienen preferiblemente un tamaio como para encajar dentro de un circulo de cualquiera de los diametros preferidos mencionados anteriormente.
Las zonas de uni6n 140 pueden estar dispuestas en un diseio normal o irregular. Por ejemplo, las zonas de uni6n 140 pueden estar dispuestas a lo largo de lineas como se muestra en la Figura 5. Estas lineas pueden estar alineadas con el eje longitudinal del nucleo absorbente o de forma alternativa pueden formar un cierto angulo con respecto a los bordes longitudinales del nucleo. Se ha descubierto que una disposici6n a lo largo de lineas paralelas a los bordes longitudinales del nucleo absorbente 28 crean canales en la direcci6n longitudinal que producen una menor inmovilizaci6n en estado humedo. Preferiblemente, por tanto, las zonas de uni6n 140 estan dispuestas a lo largo de lineas que forman un angulo de 20 grados, 30 grados, 40 grados 6 45 grados con los bordes longitudinales del nucleo absorbente 28. Otro diseio preferido para las zonas de uni6n 140 es un diseio que comprende poligonos, por ejemplo pentagonos y hexagonos o una combinaci6n de pentagonos y hexagonos. Tambien son preferidos los diseios irregulares de las zonas de uni6n 140, que tambien se ha observado que proporcionan una buena inmovilizaci6n en estado humedo.
Segun la presente invenci6n se pueden seleccionar dos diseios fundamentalmente diferentes para las zonas de uni6n 140. En una realizaci6n, las zonas de uni6n son discontinuas. Se encuentran colocadas dentro de zonas de material absorbente, como islas en el mar. Las zonas de materiales absorbentes se mencionan como zonas unidas. En una realizaci6n alternativa, las zonas de uni6n pueden estar unidas. Entonces, el material absorbente puede estar depositado en un diseio discontinuo o, en otras palabras, el material absorbente representa islas en un mar de material termoplastico (120). Por tanto, una capa discontinua de material 110 polimerico absorbente puede comprender zonas conectadas de material 110 polimerico absorbente o puede comprender zonas discontinuas de material 110 polimerico absorbente.
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Segun la presente invenci6n, se ha descubierto que se pueden formar nucleos absorbentes que proporcionan una buena inmovilizaci6n en estado humedo combinando dos capas como se muestra en la Figura 3 y se describe en su contexto. Esta realizaci6n se muestra en la Figura 6. El material de nucleo absorbente mostrado en la Figura 6 comprende dos capas de sustrato 100, dos capas de material 110 polimerico absorbente y dos capas de materiales 120 termoplasticos fibrosos. Las dos capas de almacenamiento estan unidas orientando la primera superficie de la capa (100) de sustrato de la primera capa (60) de almacenamiento hacia la primera superficie de la capa (100) de sustrato de la segunda capa (60) de almacenamiento. Las dos capas discontinuas de un material 110 polimerico absorbente se disponen de forma tipica de forma que el material polimerico absorbente de una capa este orientado hacia las zonas de uni6n 140 de la otra capa. En una realizaci6n preferida alternativa, sin embargo, las areas de uni6n (140) son compensadas y no se enfrentan entre si. La primera superficie de la capa
- (100)
- de sustrato de la primera capa (60) de almacenamiento se orienta hacia la primera superficie de la capa
- (100)
- de sustrato de la segunda capa (60) de almacenamiento.
Los nucleos descritos en las Figuras 3, 4 y 6 pueden utilizarse para proporcionar la capa 60 de almacenamiento de un nucleo absorbente. Sin embargo, tambien pueden utilizarse para proporcionar el nucleo absorbente 28 completo. En este caso no se utilizan otros materiales para envolver el nucleo, tales como la capa superior 56 y la capa inferior 58. Con respecto a la realizaci6n de la Figura 3, la capa 100 de sustrato puede realizar la funci6n de la capa inferior 58 y la capa de material 120 termoplastico fibroso puede realizar la funci6n de la capa superior 56. Con respecto a la Figura 4, la capa 130 de cubierta puede realizar la funci6n de la capa superior 56 y la capa 100 de sustrato puede realizar la funci6n de la capa inferior 58. Con respecto a la Figura 6, las dos capas 100 de sustrato utilizadas pueden realizar las funciones de la capa superior 56 y de la capa inferior 58, respectivamente.
Segun la presente invenci6n la capa termoplastica 120 puede comprender cualquier composici6n termoplastica adhesiva que tiene un m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 200C de al menos 30.000 Pa y menos de 300.000 Pa. Se prefieren los adhesivos de fusi6n en caliente. Diferentes composiciones termoplasticas son adecuadas para inmovilizar el material absorbente.
Algunos materiales inicialmente termoplasticos pueden posteriormente perder su termoplasticidad debido a una etapa de curado, p. ej. iniciada mediante calor, radiaci6n UV, exposici6n a un haz de electrones o humedad u otro medio de curado, dando lugar a una formaci6n irreversible de una red reticulada de enlaces covalentes. Los materiales que han perdido su comportamiento termoplastico inicial tambien se consideran en la presente memoria como materiales termoplasticos 120.
Sin pretender imponer ninguna teoria, se ha descubierto que estas composiciones termoplasticas son de maxima utilidad para inmovilizar el material 110 polimerico absorbente, combinando una buena cohesi6n y un buen comportamiento de adhesi6n. Una buena adhesi6n es critica para garantizar que la capa termoplastica 120 mantenga un buen contacto con el material 110 polimerico absorbente y en particular con el sustrato. La buena adhesi6n representa un reto, especialmente cuando se utiliza un sustrato no tejido. La buena cohesi6n garantiza que el adhesivo no se rompa, en particular como respuesta a fuerzas externas y especialmente como respuesta a la deformaci6n. El adhesivo esta sometido a fuerzas externas cuando el producto absorbente ha absorbido liquido, que despues es almacenado en el material 110 polimerico absorbente, el cual, como respuesta, se hincha. Un adhesivo preferido permitira este hinchamiento sin romperse y sin transmitir demasiada fuerza de compresi6n, lo que impediria que el material 110 polimerico absorbente se hinchara. Cabe destacar que, de acuerdo con la presente invenci6n, el adhesivo no deberia romperse ya que esto afectaria a la inmovilizaci6n en estado humedo. Las composiciones termoplasticas preferidas que cumplen estos requisitos tienen las siguientes caracteristicas:
La composici6n termoplastica puede comprender, en su conjunto, un unico polimero termoplastico o una mezcla de polimeros termoplasticos que tienen un punto de reblandecimiento, determinado mediante el metodo ASTM D36-95 "Ring and Ball", en el intervalo de 50 0C a 300 0C, o de forma alternativa la composici6n termoplastica puede ser un adhesivo de fusi6n en caliente que comprende al menos un polimero termoplastico junto con otros diluyentes termoplasticos tales como resinas adhesivas, plastificantes y aditivos tales como antioxidantes.
El polimero termoplastico tiene de forma tipica un peso molecular (PM) de mas de 10.000 y una temperatura de transici6n vitrea (Tg) habitualmente inferior a la temperatura ambiente. Las concentraciones tipicas del polimero en una masa fundida estan en el intervalo de 20% -40% en peso. Una amplia variedad de polimeros termoplasticos son adecuados para su uso en la presente invenci6n. Estos polimeros termoplasticos son preferiblemente insensibles al agua. Ejemplos de polimeros son los copolimeros de bloques (estirenicos) incluyendo estructuras de tres bloques A-B-A, estructuras de dos bloques A-B y estructuras de copolimero de bloques radiales (A-B)n en donde los bloques A son bloques de polimeros no elastomericos, de forma tipica que comprenden poliestireno, y los bloques B son dieno conjugado insaturado o versiones (parcialmente) hidrogenadas de este. El bloque B es de forma tipica isopreno, butadieno, etileno/butileno (butadieno hidrogenado), etileno/propileno (isopreno hidrogenado) y mezclas de los mismos.
Otros polimeros termoplasticos adecuados que pueden ser utilizados son las poliolefinas de metaloceno, que son polimeros de etileno que se preparan utilizando catalizadores de sitio unico o de metaloceno. En estos al menos un comon6mero puede ser polimerizado con etileno para preparar un copolimero, terpolimero o polimero de
E07122171 30-11-2011
orden superior. Tambien son aplicables las poliolefinas amorfas o las polialfaolefinas amorfas (APAO) que son homopolimeros, copolimeros o terpolimeros de alfaolefinas C2 a C8.
La resina tiene de forma tipica un PM inferior a 5000 y un valor Tg habitualmente superior a la temperatura ambiente y las concentraciones tipicas de la resina en una masa fundida estan en el intervalo de 30% - 60%. El plastificante tiene un PM bajo, de forma tipica de menos de 1000, y un valor Tg inferior a la temperatura ambiente, siendo una concentraci6n tipica de 0% -15%.
Preferiblemente, el adhesivo esta presente en forma de fibras por todo el nucleo, es decir, el adhesivo es fibroso. Preferiblemente, las fibras tendran un espesor medio de 1-50 micr6metros y una longitud media de 5 mm a 50 cm.
Para mejorar la adhesi6n del material termoplastico 120 a la capa 100 de sustrato o a cualquier otra capa, en particular cualquier otra capa de material no tejido, esta capa puede ser tratada previamente con un adhesivo auxiliar.
Preferiblemente, el adhesivo cumplira el requisito mencionado anteriormente respecto al m6dulo de almacenamiento G' a 200C, y mas preferiblemente al menos uno, varios o todos de los siguientes parametros:
Un adhesivo preferido tendra un m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 20 0C de al menos 30.000 Pa y menos de 300.000 Pa preferiblemente menos de 200.000 Pa, mas preferiblemente menos de 100.000 Pa. El m6dulo de almacenamiento G' a 20 0C es una medida de la "pegajosidad" permanente o de la adhesi6n permanente del material termoplastico utilizado. Una buena adhesi6n garantizara un contacto bueno y permanente entre el material termoplastico y por ejemplo la capa 100 de sustrato. En otro aspecto, el m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 60 0C deberia ser de menos de 300.000 Pa y de mas de 18.000 Pa, preferiblemente de mas de 24.000 Pa y con maxima preferencia de mas de 30.000. El m6dulo de almacenamiento medido a 60 0C es una medida de la estabilidad de forma del material termoplastico a temperatura ambiente elevada. Este valor es especialmente importante si el producto absorbente es utilizado en un clima calido donde la composici6n termoplastica perderia su integridad si el m6dulo de almacenamiento G' a 60 0C no fuera suficientemente elevado.
En otro aspecto, el angulo de perdida tan Delta del adhesivo a 60 0C deberia ser inferior a 1, preferiblemente inferior a 0,5. El angulo de perdida tan Delta a 60 0C esta relacionado con el caracter liquido de un adhesivo a temperatura ambiente elevada. Cuanto mas bajo es tan Delta, mas se comportara un adhesivo como un s6lido en lugar de como un liquido, es decir menor sera su tendencia a fluir o migrar y menor sera la tendencia de una superestructura adhesiva como la descrita en la presente memoria a deteriorarse o incluso aplastarse con el tiempo. Este valor es, por tanto, especialmente importante si el articulo absorbente es utilizado en un clima calido.
En otro aspecto, el adhesivo preferido deberia tener una temperatura de transici6n vitrea Tg de menos de 25 0C, preferiblemente menos de 22 0C, mas preferiblemente menos de 18 0C y con maxima preferencia menos de 15 0C. Una temperatura baja de transici6n vitrea Tg es beneficiosa para una buena adhesi6n. En otro aspecto una temperatura baja de transici6n vitrea Tg garantiza que el material termoplastico adhesivo no se vuelva quebradizo.
En otro aspecto, un adhesivo preferido tendra una temperatura de transici6n Tx suficientemente elevada. Se ha descubierto que una temperatura de transici6n Tx suficientemente elevada es beneficiosa para la estabilidad a alta temperatura de la capa termoplastica y, por tanto, garantiza un buen rendimiento del producto absorbente y en particular una buena inmovilizaci6n en estado humedo incluso en climas calidos y a temperaturas elevadas. Por tanto, Tx deberia preferiblemente ser superior a 80 0C, mas preferiblemente superior a 85 0C y con maxima preferencia superior a 90 0C.
En otro aspecto importante, los adhesivos preferidos de acuerdo con la presente invenci6n tendran un parametro V de resistencia cohesiva suficiente. El parametro V de resistencia cohesiva se mide utilizando el ensayo de fluencia reol6gica, como se describe a continuaci6n. Un parametro de resistencia cohesiva V suficientemente bajo es representativo de un adhesivo elastico que, por ejemplo, puede ser estirado sin desgarrarse. Si se aplica una tensi6n de n = 1000 Pa, el parametro V de resistencia cohesiva es preferiblemente menos de 100%, mas preferiblemente menos de 90% y, con maxima preferencia, menos de 75%. Para una tensi6n de n = 125.000 Pa, el parametro V de resistencia cohesiva es preferiblemente menos de 1200%, mas preferiblemente menos de 1000% y con maxima preferencia menos de 800%.
Un adhesivo muy preferido util como material termoplastico (120) segun se describe en la presente memoria cumplira la mayor parte o todos los parametros anteriores. Debera dedicarse especial atenci6n a garantizar que el adhesivo proporcione tanto una buena cohesi6n como una buena adhesi6n.
El proceso para fabricar nucleos absorbentes 28 preferidos de acuerdo con la presente invenci6n comprende las siguientes etapas:
El nucleo absorbente 28 es aplicado sobre un tambor descendente que presenta una superficie no uniforme. En una primera etapa del proceso la capa 100 de sustrato es aplicada sobre la superficie no uniforme. Debido a la
E07122171 30-11-2011
gravedad, o preferiblemente utilizando un medio de vacio, la capa de material de sustrato seguira el contorno de la superficie no uniforme y de esta forma la capa de material de sustrato adoptara una forma de montaia y valle. Sobre esta capa (100) de sustrato se dispone de material polimerico absorbente por medios conocidos en la tecnica. El material polimerico absorbente se acumulara en los valles presentados por la capa 100 de sustrato. En otra etapa del proceso se aplica un adhesivo de fusi6n en caliente sobre el material polimerico absorbente.
Aunque puede utilizarse cualquier medio de aplicaci6n de adhesivo conocido en la tecnica para colocar el adhesivo de fusi6n en caliente sobre el material polimerico absorbente, el adhesivo de fusi6n en caliente preferiblemente se aplica mediante un sistema de boquilla. Preferiblemente, se utiliza un sistema de boquilla que puede proporcionar una cortina de adhesivo relativamente fina pero ancha. Esta cortina de adhesivo es a continuaci6n colocada sobre la capa 100 de sustrato y el material polimerico absorbente. Como las partes altas de la montaia de la capa 100 de sustrato estan menos cubiertas por material polimerico absorbente, el adhesivo entrara en contacto con estas zonas de la capa de sustrato.
En otra etapa opcional del proceso una capa 130 de cubierta se coloca sobre la capa 100 de sustrato, el material polimerico absorbente y la capa de adhesivo de fusi6n en caliente. La capa 130 de cubierta estara en contacto adhesivo con la capa 100 de sustrato en las zonas de uni6n 140. En estas zonas de uni6n 140 el adhesivo esta en contacto directo con la capa 100 de sustrato. La capa 130 de cubierta de forma tipica no estara en contacto adhesivo con la capa 100 de sustrato donde los valles de la capa 100 de sustrato estan llenos de material polimerico absorbente.
De forma alternativa la capa 130 de cubierta puede ser aplicada sobre un tambor con una superficie no uniforme y la capa 100 de sustrato puede ser aiadida en una etapa consecutiva del proceso. El nucleo mostrado en la Fig. 4 podria producirse mediante este proceso.
En una realizaci6n alternativa, la capa 130 de cubierta y la capa 100 de sustrato se proporcionan a partir de una hoja de material unitaria. La colocaci6n de la capa 130 de cubierta sobre la capa 100 de sustrato implicara entonces el plegamiento de la pieza de material unitaria.
Por tanto, el servicio no uniforme del sistema de aplicaci6n, que preferiblemente es un tambor de aplicaci6n, de forma tipica determina la distribuci6n del material polimerico absorbente por la capa 60 de almacenamiento y de forma analoga determina el diseio de las zonas de uni6n 140. De forma alternativa, la distribuci6n del material polimerico absorbente puede ser influenciada por un medio de vacio.
Preferiblemente la distribuci6n del material polimerico absorbente tiene un perfil, y con maxima preferencia tiene un perfil en la direcci6n longitudinal. Por tanto, a lo largo del eje longitudinal del nucleo absorbente, que normalmente coincide con el eje longitudinal del articulo absorbente, por ejemplo del paial, el peso por unidad de superficie del material polimerico absorbente variara. Preferiblemente, el peso base de material polimerico absorbente en al menos un primer cuadrado seleccionado libremente de medidas 1 cm x 1 cm es al menos 10%, 6 20%, o 30%, 40% 6 50% superior al peso base de material polimerico absorbente en al menos un segundo cuadrado seleccionado libremente de medidas 1cm x 1 cm. Preferiblemente, el criterio se adopta si el primer y el segundo cuadrado estan centrados alrededor del eje longitudinal.
Opcionalmente, el nucleo absorbente tambien puede comprender un material fibroso absorbente, por ejemplo fibras de celulosa. Este material fibroso puede ser mezclado previamente con el material polimerico absorbente para ser aplicado en una etapa del proceso o de forma alternativa para ser aplicado en diferentes etapas del proceso.
Se ha descubierto que resulta beneficioso utilizar un material polimerico absorbente en forma de particulas para los nucleos absorbentes realizados en la presente invenci6n. Sin pretender imponer ninguna teoria, se cree que este material, incluso en estado hinchado, es decir, cuando el liquido ha sido absorbido, no obstruye practicamente el flujo de liquido a traves del material, especialmente cuando la permeabilidad expresada por la conductividad en flujo de soluci6n salina del material polimerico absorbente es mayor que 10, 20, 30 6 40 unidades SFC, en donde 1 unidad SFC es 1 x 10-7 (cm3 x s) / g. La conductividad en flujo de soluci6n salina es un parametro bien conocido en la tecnica y se mide de acuerdo con el ensayo descrito en EP-752 892 B.
Para conseguir una capacidad de absorci6n suficiente en un articulo absorbente preferido segun la presente invenci6n, y especialmente si el articulo absorbente es un paial o un producto para adultos incontinentes, el material polimerico superabsorbente estara presente con un peso por unidad de superficie de mas de 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 6 900 g/m2.
Los articulos preferidos segun la presente invenci6n alcanzan una ancho de entrepierna relativamente estrecho, que aumenta el confort de uso. Un articulo preferido segun la presente invenci6n alcanza un ancho de entrepierna de menos de 100 mm, 90 mm, 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm o incluso de menos de 50 mm. Por tanto, preferiblemente un nucleo absorbente segun la presente invenci6n tiene un ancho de entrepierna medido a lo largo de una linea transversal que esta situada a igual distancia del borde frontal que del borde trasero del nucleo que es de menos de 100 mm, 90 mm, 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm o incluso de menos de 50 mm. Se ha descubierto que en la mayoria de los articulos absorbentes la descarga de liquido se produce predominantemente en la mitad frontal. La mitad
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frontal del nucleo absorbente deberia, por tanto, comprender la mayor parte de la capacidad de absorci6n del nucleo. Preferiblemente la mitad frontal de dicho nucleo absorbente comprende mas de 60%, mas preferiblemente mas de 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% 6 90%, de la capacidad de absorci6n.
Ensayo de fluencia reol6gica
Equipo:
Re6metro AR 2000 de TA Instruments como se describe a continuaci6n
Balanza
Re6metro:
En un conjunto de ensayos para realizar el ensayo de fluencia se utiliza el re6metro AR 2000 de TA Instruments.
En el mercado se encuentran disponibles otros re6metros con los que se obtienen practicamente los mismos resultados. La Figura 8 proporciona una representaci6n esquematica del re6metro (400). El re6metro es capaz de aplicar un esfuerzo de cizallamiento al adhesivo y medir la respuesta a la deformaci6n resultante (deformaci6n por cizallamiento) a temperatura constante. El adhesivo se coloca entre un elemento Peltier que actua como placa fija inferior (410) y una placa superior (420) con un radio R de 10 mm, que esta unida al arbol de accionamiento de un motor para generar el esfuerzo de cizallamiento. La distancia entre ambas placas tiene una altura H de 1500 micr6metros. El elemento Peltier permite controlar la temperatura del material (± 0,5 0C).
Preparaci6n de la muestra:
Homogeneizar el adhesivo a 150 0C -175 0C (dependiendo del tipo de adhesivo) durante 1 hora en un horno
de laboratorio.
Agitar ocasionalmente para garantizar un mezclado adecuado de la envoltura y el adhesivo pero evitando la
formaci6n de burbujas de aire.
Despues de la homogeneizaci6n en el horno verter la muestra sobre papel de silicona para que se enfrie.
Una vez que el material se ha enfriado a TA, pesar aproximadamente 0,6 g de adhesivo para el ensayo de
fluencia y colocar el material sobre la placa Peltier
Ejecuci6n del ensayo:
Fundir el adhesivo a 120 0C (o a una temperatura superior en caso necesario) sobre la placa Peltier
En cuanto el adhesivo se encuentra completamente fundido, bajar la placa superior a una distancia de
1500 micr6metros para ponerla en contacto adecuado con el adhesivo fundido
- Retirar el exceso de material
- Ajustar la temperatura a la temperatura de medici6n de 35 0C
- Ajustar el tiempo de acondicionado a 20 min para garantizar el equilibrio termico entre el elemento Peltier, el
adhesivo y la placa superior
Ajustar la tensi6n de medici6n constante n (p. ej. 10.000 Pa 6 125.000 Pa) y aplicar inmediatamente al
adhesivo al comenzar la etapa de retardo.
Ajustar el tiempo de retardo a 5 min.
Ajustar la tensi6n a 0 para eliminar inmediatamente la tensi6n al comienzo de la etapa de recuperaci6n
Ajustar el tiempo de recuperaci6n a 5 min.
Una vez finalizado el ensayo, fundir el adhesivo, levantar la placa superior y retirar el adhesivo, tanto del
elemento Peltier como de la placa superior.
Volver a ajustar la temperatura a la temperatura de medici6n o a la temperatura de espera (TA)
Informe de resultados
Anotar la deformaci6n en valor % (V, en la presente memoria mencionada como parametro de resistencia
cohesiva) como una funci6n de la temperatura y la tensi6n despues de 5 min de aplicar tensi6n (al final de la etapa de retardo), p. ej. a 35 0C y 10.000 Pa o a 35 0C y 125.000 Pa, como se describe en la presente memoria.
Analisis mecanico dinamico (DMA) -Barrido en temperatura
Equipo:
Re6metro AR 2000 de TA Instruments como se describe a continuaci6n
Balanza
5 Re6metro:
El ensayo establecido para realizar el barrido en temperatura comprende el re6metro AR 2000 de TA Instruments como se describe en la presente memoria. En el mercado se encuentran disponibles otros re6metros con los que se obtienen practicamente los mismos resultados. La Figura 8 proporciona una representaci6n esquematica del re6metro (400). El re6metro es capaz de aplicar un esfuerzo de cizallamiento al adhesivo y medir la respuesta a la
10 deformaci6n resultante (deformaci6n por cizallamiento) a temperatura constante.
El re6metro es capaz de aplicar una pequeia tensi6n oscilatoria para conseguir una deformaci6n oscilatoria constante dentro de la regi6n viscoelastica lineal del adhesivo (p. ej. 0,05%). El instrumento permite medir el m6dulo de almacenamiento resultante, el m6dulo de perdida y la desviaci6n de fase entre la tensi6n y la deformaci6n (factor de perdida) en funci6n de la temperatura. La frecuencia de oscilaci6n es 1 Hz. El adhesivo se
15 coloca entre un elemento Peltier que actua como placa fija inferior (410) y una placa superior (420) con un radio R de 10 mm, que esta unida al arbol de accionamiento de un motor para generar el esfuerzo de cizallamiento. La distancia entre ambas placas tiene una altura H de 1500 micr6metros. El elemento Peltier permite controlar la temperatura del material (± 0,5 0C).
Preparaci6n de la muestra:
20 Homogeneizar el adhesivo a 150 0C -175 0C (dependiendo del tipo de adhesivo) durante 1 hora en un horno de laboratorio.
Agitar ocasionalmente para garantizar un mezclado adecuado de la envoltura y el adhesivo pero evitando la formaci6n de burbujas de aire.
Despues de la homogeneizaci6n en el horno, verter la muestra sobre papel de silicona para que se enfrie.
25 Despues de enfriar el material a TA, pesar aproximadamente 0,6 g de adhesivo, hacer un barrido en temperatura y colocar el material sobre la placa Peltier.
Ejecuci6n del ensayo:
Fundir el adhesivo a 120 0C (o a una temperatura superior en caso necesario) sobre la placa Peltier
En cuanto el adhesivo se encuentra completamente fundido, bajar la placa superior a una distancia de
30 1.500 micr6metros para ponerla en contacto adecuado con el adhesivo fundido Retirar el material sobrante y ajustar la temperatura a la temperatura inicial de medici6n (p. ej. 150 0C, dependiendo del intervalo de temperatura de interes - vease abajo) Ajustar la temperatura a la temperatura inicial dependiendo del intervalo de temperatura en donde se desean determinar las propiedades reol6gicas del adhesivo (p. ej. 150 0C, en cualquier caso comenzar con la temperatura 35 mas alta) Ajustar el tiempo de acondicionado a 20 min para garantizar el equilibrio termico entre el elemento Peltier, el
adhesivo y la placa superior
Ajustar la temperatura inicial (vease mas arriba)
Ajustar la deformaci6n de medici6n constante (p. ej. 0,05%)
40 Ajustar la frecuencia constante (p. ej. 1 Hz) Ajustar la velocidad de enfriamiento (p. ej. 2 0C/min) Ajustar la temperatura final (p. ej. -5 0C) dependiendo del intervalo de temperatura en donde se desean
determinar las propiedades reol6gicas del adhesivo y en funci6n de la capacidad de enfriamiento del elemento Peltier. 45 Ajustar la temperatura a TA
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Una vez finalizado el ensayo, fundir el adhesivo, levantar la placa superior y retirar el adhesivo, tanto del elemento Peltier como de la placa superior. Volver a ajustar la temperatura a TA Informe de resultados Anotar el m6dulo de almacenamiento G' en Pa y el factor de perdida Tan Delta (adimensional) a 20 0Cy60 0C Anotar la temperatura de transici6n vitrea Tg en 0C (punto de inflexi6n de G') Anotar la temperatura de transici6n Tx en 0C a la cual G' es igual a G'' al final de la meseta de caucho hacia una temperatura superior (comienzo de la zona terminal) Determinaci6n de la tensi6n superficial La tensi6n superficial (unidad: mN/m) se determina segun la siguiente prueba.
Aparato: Equipo: tensi6metro K10 proporcionado por KrOss GmbH, Alemania, o equivalente. La velocidad de elevaci6n del recipiente deberia ser 4 mm/min. La altura de la superficie del liquido debe detectarse automaticamente cuando se utiliza una placa o un anillo. El equipo debe ser capaz de ajustar automaticamente la posici6n de la muestra a la altura correcta. La precisi6n del ensayo deberia ser de +/- 0,1 mN/m.
Procedimiento:
- 1.
- Verter 40ml de soluci6n salina (0,9% en peso de NaCl en agua desionizada) en un vaso de precipitados limpio.
- 2.
- Analizar la tensi6n superficial con un anillo de platino o una placa de platino. La tensi6n superficial deberia ser 71 -72 mN/m a 20 0C.
- 3.
- Limpiar el vaso de precipitados con agua desionizada e isopropanol y quemarlo con un quemador de gas durante algunos segundos. Esperar hasta equilibrar a temperatura ambiente.
- 4.
- Colocar 10 piezas de 60x60 mm del material no tejido que se desea analizar en un vaso de precipitados limpio. El material no tejido deberia tener un peso por unidad de superficie de al menos 10g/m2.
- 5.
- Aiadir 40 ml de soluci6n salina (0,9% en peso de NaCl en agua desionizada).
- 6.
- Agitar con una varilla de plastico limpia exenta de tensioactivo durante 10 segundos.
- 7.
- Dejar reposar la soluci6n con material no tejido durante 5 minutos.
- 8.
- Agitar de nuevo durante 10 segundos.
- 9.
- Retirar el material no tejido del disolvente con una varilla de plastico limpia exenta de tensioactivo.
- 10.
- Dejar reposar la soluci6n durante 10 minutos.
- 11.
- Analizar la tensi6n superficial con una placa de platino o anillo de platino. Determinaci6n de la penetraci6n El ensayo se realiza de acuerdo con el metodo Edana 150.3-96 (febrero 1996) para determinar el tiempo de
penetraci6n. Una modificaci6n principal con respecto al metodo Edana consiste en que el ensayo descrito mas adelante no s6lo mide el primer chorro sino tambien varios chorros posteriores. Dispositivo
• Equipo de penetraci6n Lister:
- -
- Embudo equipado con valvula magnetica: Velocidad de descarga de 25 ml en 3,5 (± 0,25) segundos
- -
- Placa de penetraci6n: Hecha de vidrio acrilico de 25 mm de grosor. El peso total de la placas debe ser 500 g. Los electrodos deberian ser de material no corrosivo. Los electrodos se fijan en ranuras que tienen (4,0 mm x 7,0 mm) de secci6n transversal, se cortan en la base de la placa y se fijan con resina epoxi de endurecimiento rapido.
- -
- Placa base: Un cuadrado de vidrio acrilico de 125 mm x 125 mm aproximadamente.
- •
- Soporte circular para sujetar el embudo
- •
- Temporizador electr6nico que mide hasta 0,01 segundos
- •
- Bureta de 50 ml de capacidad
• Papel de filtro Core de grado Ahlstrom 989 o equivalente (tiempo medio de penetraci6n 1,7 s + - 0,3 s, 5 dimensiones: 10 x 10 cm)
Procedimiento
- 1.
- Cortar cuidadosamente el numero necesario de muestras de 12,5 cm x 12,5 cm tocando la muestra s6lo por su borde.
- 2.
- Recoger 10 hojas de papel de filtro Core.
- 10 3. Colocar una muestra sobre el conjunto de 10 hojas de papel de filtro sobre la placa base. La muestra debe colocarse sobre el papel de filtro de forma que la cara del material no tejido prevista para estar orientada hacia la piel del usuario (cuando se aplica en un articulo absorbente) sea la superior.
4. Colocar la placa de penetraci6n en la parte superior situando el centro de la placa sobre el centro de la pieza ensayada.
- 15 5. Centrar la bureta y el embudo sobre la placa.
- 6.
- Comprobar que los electrodos estan conectados al temporizador. Enchufar el temporizador y ajustar el reloj a cero.
- 7.
- Llenar la bureta con soluci6n salina (0,9% en peso de NaCl en agua desionizada).
8. Mantener la valvula de descarga del embudo cerrada y verter 5,0 ml de liquido (= un chorro) desde la 20 bureta al embudo.
- 8.
- Abrir la valvula magnetica del embudo para descargar 5,0 ml de liquido. El flujo inicial de liquido cerrara el circuito electrico y activara el temporizador. Este se parara cuando el liquido haya penetrado en la almohadilla y caido por debajo del nivel de los electrodos en la placa de penetraci6n.
- 9.
- Anotar el tiempo indicado en el temporizador electr6nico.
25 10. Esperar 60 segundos y volver de nuevo al punto 6 para el segundo chorro, el tercer chorro y los chorros posteriores, comprendiendo cada chorro 5ml de liquido.
11. Anotar: los tiempos en segundos del 10, 20 y chorros posteriores en segundos.
E07122171 30-11-2011
Claims (18)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Un nucleo absorbente (28) util para un articulo absorbente (20) que comprende una primera y segunda capas de almacenamiento que estan unidas, comprendiendo la primera capa de almacenamiento una primera capa (100) de sustrato y una primera capa de material termoplastico (120), y comprendiendo la segunda capa de almacenamiento una segunda capa (100) de sustrato y una segunda capa de material termoplastico (120), en el que por cada capa de almacenamiento:dicha capa (100) de sustrato comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie,dicha capa de almacenamiento ademas comprende una capa discontinua de material absorbente,dicho material absorbente comprende un material (110) polimerico absorbente,dicho material absorbente de forma opcional comprende un material fibroso absorbente que no representa mas de 20 por ciento en peso del peso total del material (110)polimerico absorbente,dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente comprende una primera superficie yuna segunda superficie,dicha capa de material termoplastico (120) comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficieen donde dicha segunda superficie de dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente esta en contacto al menos parcial con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa (100) de sustrato, y partes de dicha segunda superficie de dicha capa de material termoplastico (120) estan en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa (100) de sustrato y partes de dicha segunda superficie de la dicha capa de material termoplastico (120) estan en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicha capa discontinua de material absorbente,en donde la primera y segunda capas de almacenamiento estan unidas de tal modo que la primera superficie de la primera capa (100) de sustrato esta orientada hacia la primera superficie de la segunda capa (100) de sustrato, con laprimera y segunda capas de material termoplastico en contacto entre si, y en dondedicho material termoplastico es un adhesivo que tiene un m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 20 0C de al menos 30.000 Pa y de menos de 300.000 Pa, medido por el metodo descrito en la presente memoria.
-
- 2.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun la reivindicaci6n 1, en donde el dicho adhesivo tiene un m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 20 0C de menos de 200.000 Pa.
-
- 3.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun la reivindicaci6n 2, en donde el dicho adhesivo tiene un m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 20 0C de menos de 100.000 Pa.
-
- 4.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el dicho adhesivo tiene un parametro de resistencia cohesiva V, determinado segun el ensayo de fluencia reol6gica descrito en la presente memoria, de menos de 100%, preferiblemente menos de 90%, mas preferiblemente menos de 75%, para una tensi6n aplicada de 10.000 Pa y/o menos de 1200%, preferiblemente menos de 1000%, mas preferiblemente menos de 800% para una tensi6n aplicada de 125.000 Pa.
5 Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el dicho adhesivo tiene un m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 60 0C de menos de 300.000 Pa y mas de 18.000 Pa, preferiblemente mas de 24.000 Pa, mas preferiblemente mas de 30.000 Pa, medido por el metodo descrito en la presente memoria. -
- 6.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el dicho adhesivo tiene una temperatura de transici6n Tx superior a 80 0C, preferiblemente superior a 85 0C, mas preferiblemente superior a 90 0C, medido por el metodo descrito en la presente memoria.
-
- 7.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el angulo de perdida Tan Delta del adhesivo a 60 0C es inferior a 1, preferiblemente inferior a 0,5.
-
- 8.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde dicho material termoplastico (120) es un adhesivo de fusi6n en caliente.
-
- 9.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun la reivindicaci6n 8, en donde dicho material termoplastico (120) es fibroso.
-
- 10.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde dicha capa de material termoplastico (120) comprende una estructura de tipo reticular.
E07122171 30-11-2011 -
- 11.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde dicho material (110) polimerico absorbente comprende particulas polimericas absorbentes.
-
- 12.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde dicho material
(110) polimerico absorbente esta presente en todo el area de dicho nucleo absorbente (28) en un peso base de al menos 100 g/m2 y preferiblemente al menos 300 g/m2. -
- 13.
- Un nucleo absorbente segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, que comprende al menos una capa (130) de cubierta.
-
- 14.
- Un nucleo absorbente (28) segun cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde al menos una de dichas capas (100) de sustrato o al menos una de dichas capas (130) de cubierta comprende un material no tejido permanentemente hidr6filo, y preferiblemente un material no tejido permanentemente hidr6filo que tiene una tensi6n superficial de al menos 55 mN/m cuando esta humedecido con soluci6n salina y tiene un tiempo de penetraci6n de liquido inferior a 5 s para un quinto chorro de liquido.
-
- 15.
- Un proceso para proporcionar un nucleo absorbente (28) que comprende una primera y segunda capas de almacenamiento, siendo el nucleo util en un articulo absorbente (20), comprendiendo dicho proceso cada una de las capas de almacenamiento mediante un proceso que comprende las etapas de:
- -
- proporcionar un material (100) de sustrato que comprende una primera superficie y una segunda superficie;
- -
- depositar material absorbente sobre dicha primera superficie de dicho material (100) de sustrato en un diseio, comprendiendo el diseio al menos una zona que esta exenta de material absorbente, y comprendiendo el diseio al menos una zona que comprende material absorbente, comprendiendo dicho material absorbente un material polimerico absorbente que de forma opcional comprende un material fibroso absorbente que no representa mas de 20% en peso del peso total del material (110) polimerico absorbente;
- -
- depositar un material termoplastico (120) en dicha primera superficie de dicho material (100) de sustrato y dicho material absorbente, de tal manera que partes de dicho material termoplastico (100) esten en contacto directo con dicha primera superficie de dicho sustrato y partes y de dicho material termoplastico (120) esten en contacto directo con dicho material absorbente, siendo el material termoplastico un adhesivo que tiene un m6dulo de almacenamiento G' medido a 20 0C de al menos 30.000 Pa y menos de 300.000 Pa,
comprendiendo dicho proceso una etapa adicional de unir la primera y segunda capas (60) de almacenamiento hechas segun las etapas anteriores, orientando la primera superficie de la capa (100) de sustrato de la primera capa de almacenamiento hacia la primera superficie de la capa de sustrato de la segunda capa de almacenamiento, de tal modo que proporcione un nucleo absorbente segun lo reivindicado en la reivindicaci6n 1. -
- 16.
- Un proceso segun la reivindicaci6n 15, en donde dicho material absorbente comprende 80 por ciento en peso, preferiblemente 90 por ciento en peso, preferiblemente 100 por ciento en peso de material polimerico absorbente.
-
- 17.
- Un proceso segun la reivindicaci6n 15 6 16, en donde dichas zonas exentas de material absorbente estan unidas.
-
- 18.
- Un proceso segun una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 15 a 17, en donde dichas zonas que comprenden material absorbente estan unidas.
-
- 19.
- Una capa (60) de almacenamiento para un nucleo absorbente (28) util para un articulo absorbente (20) obtenible por un proceso segun cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 15 a 18.
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EP03002678A EP1447067B1 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Thin and dry diaper |
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ES07122177T Expired - Lifetime ES2339713T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Nucleo absorbente para un articulo absorbente. |
ES10150871.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2560203T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
ES07122169.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2452317T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
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ES07122173.3T Expired - Lifetime ES2627029T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
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ES03002678T Expired - Lifetime ES2297062T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Pañal fino y seco. |
ES07122177T Expired - Lifetime ES2339713T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Nucleo absorbente para un articulo absorbente. |
ES10150871.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2560203T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
ES07122169.1T Expired - Lifetime ES2452317T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
ES10182065.2T Expired - Lifetime ES2443306T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
ES10150874.5T Expired - Lifetime ES2560204T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
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EP (10) | EP1911425B1 (es) |
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