CN1871631B - 像素驱动器电路 - Google Patents

像素驱动器电路 Download PDF

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CN1871631B
CN1871631B CN2004800311734A CN200480031173A CN1871631B CN 1871631 B CN1871631 B CN 1871631B CN 2004800311734 A CN2004800311734 A CN 2004800311734A CN 200480031173 A CN200480031173 A CN 200480031173A CN 1871631 B CN1871631 B CN 1871631B
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circuit
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transistor
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reference transistor
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CN1871631A (zh
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A·内森
K·V·萨卡里亚
P·塞尔瓦蒂
S·加法拉巴迪亚什蒂娜
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Ignis Innovation Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种在包括多个像素的显示器中使用的像素电路。负载平衡电流镜像素电路能够补偿设备退化和/或失配，并改变如温度和机械应变的环境因素。该像素电路包括像素驱动电路，像素驱动电路包括开关电路系统、具有基准晶体管和驱动晶体管的电流镜，各自具有第一、第二节点和栅极的基准晶体管和驱动晶体管，基准晶体管的栅极被连接到驱动晶体管的栅极；以及连接在基准晶体管的栅极和接地电位之间的电容器，和连接在电流镜和接地点位之间的负载，负载具有第一负载元件和第二负载元件，第一负载元件被连接到基准晶体管的第一节点，并且第二负载元件被连接到驱动晶体管的第一节点。

Description

像素驱动器电路
技术领域
本发明涉及用于主动矩阵显示中的电路系统，更具体地涉及用于驱动电致发光元件的电流驱动电路系统。
背景技术
近来，基于OLED的显示器已经引起了许多显示应用的很大兴趣，因为与液晶显示器(LCD)相比，它们有更快的响应时间、更大的视角、更高的对比度、更轻的重量、更低的功率，和灵活的基板的可修正性。
OLED显示器寻址的最简单的方法是使用被动矩阵格式。尽管被动矩阵寻址的OLED显示器已经上市，但它们不支持下一代显示器所需要的分辨率，下一代显示器使用大量信息内容(HIC)格式。HIC格式只有在主动矩阵寻址方案中才可行。
主动矩阵寻址涉及一层背面电子器件(backplane electronics)，以薄膜晶体管(TFT)为基础。这些薄膜晶体管提供每个OLED像素中所需的偏压和驱动电流，并可以使用非晶硅(a-Si:H)、多晶硅(poly-Si)、有机物、聚合物、或其它晶体管技术来制造。当与被动矩阵寻址进行比较时，主动矩阵寻址对每个像素使用较低的电压，并且整个帧周期期间的电流是低常数值。这样，主动矩阵寻址能避免与被动矩阵寻址相联系的过大峰值驱动和泄漏电流。这增加了OLED的寿命。
LCD是电场驱动的设备。相反，OLED是电流驱动的设备。这样，显示器中使用的给定OLED所发出的光的亮度和稳定性取决于电流驱动电路中的TFT的操作。这样，AMOLED显示器比TFT敏感得多，不稳定性包括：晶体管阈值电压的空间和时间变化、迁移不稳定性(mobility instability)，和失配问题。为了普遍使用基于OLED的显示器，需要解决这些不稳定性。
图1表示对于基于TFT的非晶硅，不同时刻的阈值电压漂移相对应力电压(stress voltage)的曲线图。从图1可清楚地理解，晶体管的阈值电压随时间变化。如果这些晶体管用在显示器中，阈值电压的变化很可能会引起阵列中的OLED亮度的变化，和/或导致亮度随时间降低，这两种结果都是不能接受的。
简单的像素驱动电路如图2所示。该“2T”电路是电压编程电路。由于这种电路不能补偿晶体管阈值电压的变化，所以对于OLED显示器来说这种电路是不实用的。对于这种阈值电压的变化，一种解决办法是使用电流编程电路来驱动像素的OLED。因为OLED是电流驱动的设备，并且其亮度依赖于流经它的电流大致是线性的，所以电流编程对于驱动AMOLED显示器来说是种好方法。
图3示出了一种这样的电流编程电路。该电路与电流镜结合，电流镜补偿了确保OLED的亮度不会随时间而降低的驱动晶体管T4的阈值电压的任何漂移或失配。该电路的这个特征使得其驱动性质与图2的2T电路相比得到非常大的改善。
当对图3的电路进行编程时，VADDRESS为高，并施加电流IDATA。该电流最初流经晶体管T1并对电容器CS充电。当该电容器电压升高时，T3开始导通并且IDATA开始流过T2和T3，流到地面。当所有IDATA流过T2和T3，而不流经T1时，电容器电压稳定在该点。该过程独立于晶体管T3和T4的阈值电压VT。
T3和T4的栅极连接在一起，所以流过T3的电流被镜像到T4中。该拓扑使得我们能够取决于T3和T4的大小调整得到像素上(on-pixel)的电流增益或者电流衰减，这使得相应的数据电流能够按比例小于或大于OLED电流。在主动矩阵阵列中，像素被扫描下来，并以逐行的方式进行编程。扫描所有的行(一帧)所花费的时间称为帧时间。在阵列操作期间，在帧时间中，仅有一次，开关TFT(T1和T2)是ON。
然而，由于电流镜中不同Vt漂移和其它偏压、温度、或与机械应力相关的的退化和失配，现有的电流编程电路并不能充分解决所引起的OLED驱动电流的长期稳定性。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于驱动显示器中的发光元件的电路，更具体地涉及改善电流镜的电流驱动电路，其中电流镜中的每个晶体管都连接到负载。
本发明的一个目的是提供改进的AMOLED显示器背板和像素驱动器电路。
因而，本发明的一个目的是提供用于主动矩阵有机发光显示器(AMOLED)的像素电流驱动器电路，其在存在设备退化和/或失配的情况下，能够提供稳定并且可预测的驱动电流，并能够改变如温度和机械应变的环境因素。后者对于机械上灵活的AMOLED显示器来说特别重要。
根据本发明的一方面，设置了用来在包括多个像素的显示器中使用的像素电路。像素电路包括像素驱动电路，像素驱动电路包括开关电路系统、具有基准晶体管(reference transistor)和驱动晶体管的电流镜，基准晶体管和驱动晶体管各自具有第一和第二节点和栅极，基准晶体管的栅极连接到驱动晶体管的栅极，并且电容器连接在基准晶体管的栅极和接地电位之间，并且负载连接在电流镜和接地电位之间，负载具有第一负载元件和第二负载元件，第一负载元件连接到基准晶体管的第一节点，并且第二负载元件连接到驱动晶体管的第一节点。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了用于在包括多个像素的显示器中使用的像素电路。像素电路包括像素驱动电路，像素驱动电路包括开关电路系统、具有基准晶体管和驱动晶体管电流镜，基准晶体管和驱动晶体管各自具有第一和第二节点和栅极，基准晶体管的栅极连接到驱动晶体管的栅极，基准晶体管和驱动晶体管的第二节点连接到接地电位，并且电容器连接在基准晶体管的栅极和接地电位之间，并且负载连接在电流镜和一电位之间。
上述发明内容没有必要对本发明的所有特征进行说明。
附图说明
通过下面的说明书，并参考附图，将会理解本发明的这些和其它特征，其中：
图1示出了由非晶硅制成的薄膜晶体管在不同时刻的阈值电压漂移v随栅极应力电压的曲线图；
图2示出了2T电压编程的像素驱动电路的示意图；
图3示出了4T电流编程的驱动器电路的示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的框图；
图5A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；
图5B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；
图5C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；
图6A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；
图6B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；
图6C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；
图7A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的框图；
图7B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；
图7C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；
图7D示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图；和
图7E示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的电流编程驱动器电路的示意图。
本发明的上述目的和特征将通过参考附图对下面的优选实施例的说明变得更显著。
具体实施方式
已经发现的是可通过向基于电流的驱动电路的电流镜的每个晶体管提供负载，来解决OLED驱动电流的长期稳定性。
图4中示出了根据本发明的一方面的像素驱动器电路的框图。驱动器电路一般可考虑为包括开关电路22、电流镜24和负载26。要特别注意的是，负载26关于电流镜24被配置，使得电流镜24的两个晶体管具有连接到它们的负载。在图4所示的配置中，负载26通过接线28和30连接在电流镜24和地面之间。其中接线28和30各自连接到电流镜的晶体管的节点和负载26。该结构提供了对电流镜的晶体管之间的负载的平衡。现将介绍实施该结构的本发明的实施例。
在图4所示的实施例中，开关电路22被连接到两个选择线路，即，V-sel1和V-sel2。图5A-5C、6A-6C和7A-7C中出现的实施例同样具有两条选择线路。开关电路22进一步被连接到单独的数据线路，I-data。
图5A至5C所示的电路具有与图4中所示的电路相同的基本结构，即，电流镜的两个晶体管都被连接到负载26。图5A至5C的电路表现出负载26的类型和配置的变化。
在图5A中，电流镜24包括基准晶体管31、驱动晶体管33。晶体管31和33是薄膜晶体管，其具有非晶硅沟道。存储电容器25包含在电流镜24中。晶体管31和晶体管33的栅极连在一起，并且二者都连接到存储电容器25的一个极板上。存储电容器Cs的另一个极板接地。基准晶体管31的源极连接到电位Vc，漏极连接到开关电路22。源极连接到电位Vc使得电流镜的两侧得到了正确偏置的平衡。驱动晶体管33的源极连接到发光二极管32，漏极连接到VDD。在该实施例中，发光二极管32是有机发光二极管(OLED)。
图5B是根据本发明的另一实施例的像素驱动器电路的示意图。在该实施例中，基准晶体管31和驱动晶体管33的源极分别连接到发光二极管36和32。
图5C表示负载26的目前优选配置。使用接线37将晶体管31和33连在一起。在图5C中，接线37被绘制成位于负载26内。当前实施例并不限于这种表示法。单独的OLED37被连接到公共接线37。
图6A至6C表示本发明的各实施例，其中电流镜24和负载26与图5C中所示的实施例相同，但是提供的开关电路系统的配置不同。图6A至6C中介绍的开关电路分别包括反馈晶体管44和开关晶体管46。
在图6A所示的电路中，反馈晶体管44的一个端子和开关晶体管46的一个端子被连接到数据线路I-data。反馈晶体管44的第二端子被连接到基准晶体管31的漏极，而开关晶体管46的第二端子分别被连接到基准晶体管31和驱动晶体管33的栅极。最后，反馈晶体管44和开关晶体管46的栅极分别被连接到选择线路V-sel1和选择线路V-sel2。
在图6B所示的实施例中，开关晶体管46的第一端子被连接到数据线路I-data，而反馈晶体管44的第一端子被连接到开关晶体管46的第二端子并被分别连接到基准晶体管31和驱动晶体管33的栅极。反馈晶体管44的第二端子被连接到基准晶体管31的漏极。最后，反馈晶体管44和开关晶体管46的栅极分别被连接到选择线路V-sel2和选择线路V-sel1。
在图6C所示的实施例中，开关晶体管46的第一端子被连接到数据线路I-data，而反馈晶体管44的第一端子被连接到开关晶体管46的第二端子并连接到基准晶体管31的漏极。反馈晶体管44的第二端子被分别连接到基准晶体管31和驱动晶体管33的栅极。最后，开关晶体管46和反馈晶体管44的栅极被分别连接到选择线路V-sel1和选择线路V-sel2。
被考虑的电路是如图4中的框图所示的电路的实施例。图7A中示出了图4的电路结构的可替代实施例。开关电路22和电流镜24的构造与图4所示的实施例相同。在该实施例中，负载26被设置使得它位于电位VDD和电流镜24之间。图7B-7E表示基于图7A的框图的本发明的各实施例。这些实施例实施的电流镜24的电路是相同的，而负载26的配置不同。
在图7B所示的实施例中，负载26包括发光二极管40和42。二极管40和42分别连接在电位VDD和基准晶体管31和驱动晶体管33的漏极之间。基准晶体管31和驱动晶体管33的源极接地。基准晶体管31和驱动晶体管33的栅极连在一起，并且二者都被连接到开关电路22和存储电容器25的极板。在图7C所示的实施例中，发光二极管40被连接到电位Vc，并且二极管42被连接到电位VDD。图7D和7E所示的实施例分别不同于图7B和7C的实施例，其中的发光二极管40被替换成晶体管47。晶体管47的栅极被连接到第三选择线路V-sel3，第一端子被连接到一个电位，并且第二端子被连接到基准晶体管32的源极端子。
在图5B、7B和7C的示意图中，每个像素有两个OLED。这种双OLED结构是通过将每个像素的OLED的底部电极分成两个电极而形成的。电极的分割提供了每个像素中有两个OLED的形式。OLED之一被连接到驱动晶体管，另一个被连接到基准晶体管。因此，基准晶体管和驱动晶体管的负载是相同的，使得这两个晶体管之间的失配最小。要注意的是可设计两个OLED的面积之比和电流镜的增益，以达到期望的电路性能。
根据本发明的可替代实施例，晶体管可以是制造薄膜晶体管的任意适当材料，包括多晶硅、聚合体和有机材料。特别地，该实施例考虑了包括p-型TFT的适当变化，其对本技术领域的技术人员来说是相关的。
根据本发明的另一个可替代实施例，像素驱动电路不包括电容器Cs。
根据本发明的另一个可替代实施例，开关电路22适合于使用单个选择线路。
根据本发明的另一个可替代实施例，像素驱动器电路的晶体管可以具有多于一个的栅极。特别地，晶体管可以是双栅极晶体管。
根据本发明的另一个可替代实施例，对于给定的一个像素，有多于一个驱动器电路。特别地，可以有三个像素驱动器电路，这会适合于RGB或者彩色显示器中的像素。
本发明已经关于一个或者多个实施例进行了说明。然而，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是可进行许多改变和修改，而不会脱离权利要求中所定义的本发明的范围。

Claims (25)

1.一种在包括多个像素的发光显示器中使用的像素电路，所述像素电路包括：
像素驱动电路，其包括：
开关电路系统；
电流镜，其通过开关电路系统被连接到数据线路，并且具有基准晶体管和驱动晶体管，所述基准晶体管和所述驱动晶体管各自包括第一和第二节点和栅极，所述基准晶体管的所述栅极被连接到所述驱动晶体管的所述栅极；和
被连接在所述基准晶体管的所述栅极和接地电位之间的电容器；和
被连接在所述电流镜和接地电位之间的负载，所述负载具有第一负载元件和第二负载元件，所述第一负载元件被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点，并且所述第二负载元件被连接到所述驱动晶体管的所述第一节点。
2.如权利要求1所述的像素电路，其中，所述第二负载元件包括被连接在所述驱动晶体管的所述第一节点和所述接地电位之间的发光二极管。
3.如权利要求1所述的像素电路，其中，所述第二负载元件包括被连接在所述驱动晶体管的所述第一节点和接地电位之间的第一发光二极管，并且其中所述第一负载元件包括被连接在所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点和接地电位之间的第二发光二极管。
4.如权利要求1所述的像素电路，其中所述驱动晶体管的所述第一节点和所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点相连接。
5.如权利要求1所述的像素电路，其中，所述驱动晶体管的所述第一节点和所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点相连接，并且其中所述负载包括作为第一负载元件和第二负载元件的发光二极管，并且其中所述发光二极管被连接在所述驱动晶体管的所述第一节点和接地电位之间。
6.如权利要求1所述的像素电路，其中，所述开关电路系统包括：
反馈晶体管，其具有被连接到第一选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述数据线路的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第二节点的第二节点；和
开关晶体管，其具有被连接到第二选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述数据线路的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述栅极的第二节点。
7.如权利要求1所述的像素电路，其中，所述开关电路系统包括：
开关晶体管，其具有被连接到第一选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述数据线路的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述栅极的第二节点；和
反馈晶体管，其具有被连接到第二选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述栅极的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第二节点的第二节点。
8.如权利要求1所述的像素电路，其中，所述开关电路系统包括：
开关晶体管，其具有被连接到第一选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述数据线路的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第二节点的第二节点；
反馈晶体管，其具有被连接到第二选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第二节点的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述栅极的第二节点。
9.一种在包括多个像素的发光显示器中使用的像素电路，所述像素电路包括：
像素驱动电路，其包括：
开关电路系统；
电流镜，其具有基准晶体管和驱动晶体管，所述基准晶体管和所述驱动晶体管各自具有第一和第二节点和栅极，所述基准晶体管的所述栅极被连接到所述驱动晶体管的所述栅极，所述基准晶体管和驱动晶体管的所述第二节点被连接到接地电位；和
电容器，其被连接在所述基准晶体管的所述栅极和接地电位之间；和
基准晶体管和驱动晶体管的负载是相同的，使得基准晶体管和驱动晶体管之间的失配最小化。
10.如权利要求9所述的像素电路，其中，所述负载包括第一负载元件和第二负载元件。
11.如权利要求10所述的像素电路，其中，所述第一负载元件和第二负载元件是发光二极管。
12.如权利要求11所述的像素电路，其中，所述发光二极管连接到电位VDD。
13.如权利要求10所述的像素电路，其中，所述所述第一负载元件被连接到第一电位，并且所述第二负载元件被连接到第二电位VDD。
14.如权利要求10所述的像素电路，其中，所述第一负载元件是晶体管，其具有栅极、第一节点和第二节点，所述第一负载元件的栅极被连接到第三选择线路，所述第一负载元件的第一节点被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点，并且所述第一负载元件的第二节点被连接到电位VDD，所述第二负载元件是发光二极管，其被连接在所述驱动晶体管的所述第一节点和电位VDD之间。
15.如权利要求10所述的像素电路，其中，所述第一负载元件是晶体管，其具有栅极、第一节点和第二节点，所述第一负载元件的栅极被连接到第三选择线路，所述第一负载元件的第一节点被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点，并且所述第一负载元件的第二节点被连接到第一电位，所述第二负载元件是发光二极管，其被连接在所述驱动晶体管的所述第一节点和第二电位VDD之间。
16.如权利要求9所述的像素电路，其中，所述开关电路系统包括：
反馈晶体管，其具有被连接到第一选择线路的栅极，被连接到数据线路的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点的第二节点；和
开关晶体管，其具有被连接到第二选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述数据线路的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述栅极的第二节点。
17.如权利要求9所述的像素电路，其中，所述开关电路系统包括：
开关晶体管，其具有被连接到第一选择线路的栅极，被连接到数据线路的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述栅极的第二节点；以及
反馈晶体管，其具有被连接到第二选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述栅极的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点的第二节点。
18.如权利要求9所述的像素电路，其中，所述开关电路系统包括：
开关晶体管，其具有被连接到第一选择线路的栅极，被连接到数据线路的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点的第二节点；
反馈晶体管，其具有被连接到第二选择线路的栅极，被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述第一节点的第一节点，以及被连接到所述基准晶体管的所述栅极的第二节点。
19.如权利要求1或9所述的像素电路，其中，所述晶体管是薄膜晶体管。
20.如权利要求19所述的像素电路，其中，所述薄膜晶体管是非晶硅。
21.如权利要求19所述的像素电路，其中，所述薄膜晶体管是多晶硅。
22.如权利要求21所述的像素电路，其中，所述多晶硅是p-型的。
23.如权利要求19所述的像素电路，其中，所述薄膜晶体管是有机物。
24.如权利要求23所述的像素电路，其中，所述有机物是p-型的。
25.如权利要求1或9所述的像素电路，其中，所述开关电路系统具有单独的选择线路。
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