CN103596534B - 一次性尿布 - Google Patents

一次性尿布 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103596534B
CN103596534B CN201280028194.5A CN201280028194A CN103596534B CN 103596534 B CN103596534 B CN 103596534B CN 201280028194 A CN201280028194 A CN 201280028194A CN 103596534 B CN103596534 B CN 103596534B
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passage
absorbed layer
layer
longitudinal
absorbing structure
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CN103596534A (zh
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C·H·克罗伊泽
R·罗萨蒂
B·阿里兹蒂
H·A·杰克尔斯
E·G·比安基
D·C·罗伊
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一次性吸收尿布,所述一次性吸收尿布具有改善的舒适度、贴合性和液体输送。所述一次性吸收尿布的吸收芯包括至少一个吸收结构,所述吸收结构包括基底层和具有通道的吸收层。

Description

一次性尿布
技术领域
本发明涉及一次性尿布,其在干燥状态和润湿状态(即当加载有体液时)下提供改善的贴合性并提供改善的液体输送。
背景技术
用于容纳和保持诸如尿液或粪便等身体排出物的一次性吸收制品已为本领域的人们所熟知。这些制品的例子包括一次性尿布、训练裤和成人失禁制品。通常,一次性尿布包括面向穿着者的身体的液体可透过的顶片、面向穿着者的衣服的液体不可透过的底片和夹置在液体可透过的顶片和底片之间的吸收芯。
自从它们被引入市场之后,一次性尿布的相关舒适性、贴合性和功能性已持续得到改善。
一次性吸收制品的重要组件为吸收芯结构。吸收芯结构通常包含吸收性聚合物材料,诸如水凝胶形成聚合物材料,也被称为吸收胶凝材料AGM、或超吸收聚合物SAP。该吸收性聚合物材料确保在其使用期间大量的体液例如尿液能够被所述吸收性制品吸收并且被锁藏,由此提供低回渗和良好的皮肤干燥性。
传统上,吸收性聚合物材料与纤维素或纤维素纤维一起并入吸收芯结构中。然而,这些年来,人们已作出显著的努力以制成更薄的吸收芯结构,这些吸收芯结构仍然能够采集和贮存大量排放的体液,尤其是尿液。因此,已经建议从吸收芯结构中减少或去除这些纤维素纤维。为了保持吸收芯结构的机械稳定性,可加入少量热塑性粘合剂材料,诸如纤维热塑性粘合剂材料,从而稳定化吸收性聚合物材料。结果是,提供了具有所需渗透性/孔隙率、减少的凝胶阻塞,并且在使用或传送中形成稳定结构的吸收结构。
然而,据发现具有减少的纤维素纤维含量的一些吸收芯结构,同时在未加载有体液时是非常薄的,但是在部分地加载或满负荷时可具有增加的刚度,尤其是在包含吸收制品的大部分吸收容量的那些区域中,诸如在尿布的前区和裆区中。增加的刚度是不可取的,因为其在穿着时减小了吸收制品的适形于穿着者的身体的能力。此外,还发现包含高吸收容量的吸收性聚合物颗粒的一些吸收芯结构,在加载有身体分泌物时显著地溶胀。因此,在使用期间,吸收性制品的体积可显著地增加,尤其是在包括吸收制品的大部分吸收容量的这些区域中,诸如尿布的前区和裆区。此类体积增加可使穿着者对一次性制品具有不舒适感。还发现具有减少的纤维素纤维含量的这些吸收芯结构中的一些可具有减少的空隙体积,其负面地影响液体采集速度。
因此,仍然需要在整个制品使用期间,具有良好的液体处理性能并具有增加的柔韧性的一次性尿布,并且该一次性尿布具体地在润湿状态下递送更好的贴合性。
发明内容
本发明涉及一次性尿布,其具有横向和纵向尺寸,并包括底片、顶片和设置在顶片与底片之间的吸收芯。所述吸收芯包括至少一个吸收结构,所述吸收结构包括基底层和吸收层。吸收层包含吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素纤维,由基底层支撑并固定在所述基底层上。吸收层具有横向尺寸和纵向尺寸以及厚度,在纵向尺寸上延伸的一对相对的纵向边缘,在其横向尺寸上延伸的一对相对的横向边缘,以及按顺序布置在纵向尺寸上的前区、裆区和后区。垂直于吸收层的中心纵向轴线的平面划分两个纵向部分。吸收层包括至少两个通道,所述通道基本上不含所述吸收性聚合物颗粒,在其纵向尺寸上延伸穿过所述吸收层厚度,吸收层的每个纵向部分包括所述通道之一。每个通道具有至少3mm的宽度或吸收层的横向尺寸的至少4%的宽度,延伸超过吸收层的纵向尺寸的至少15%,并且至少存在于裆区或其一部分中。所述吸收层不包括在裆区中在所述吸收层横向尺寸上延伸的基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒的通道,并且不包括延伸至吸收层纵向和横向边缘的基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒的通道。
附图说明
图1是一次性尿布的平面图。
图2是包括具有两个纵向主通道的吸收层的吸收结构的透视图。
图3A是包括四个纵向主通道的吸收层的透视图。
图3B是包括具有四个纵向主通道的吸收层的吸收结构的顶视图。
图3C为图3B的吸收结构的透视图。
图4A至4E为通道的示意图。
图5是包括至少存在于裆区中的两个纵向主通道和前区中的两个纵向次通道的吸收层的透视图。
图6是包括至少存在于裆区中的两个纵向主通道、前区中的两个纵向次通道以及后区中的两个纵向次通道的吸收层的透视图。
图7至13是在横向尺寸上获取的吸收芯的示意性截面图。
图14是用于制备吸收结构的方法的示意图,所述吸收结构包括具有通道的吸收层。
具体实施方式
定义
如本文所用,“尿布”是指旨在紧贴穿着者的皮肤放置以吸收和容纳从身体排放的各种流出物的装置。尿布一般由婴儿和失禁人员围绕下体穿着,以便环绕穿着者的腰部和腿部。尿布的例子包括婴儿或成人尿布或裤状尿布,例如训练裤。
如本文所用,术语“训练裤”是指为婴儿或成人穿着者设计的具有腰部开口和腿部开口的一次性衣服。通过将穿着者的腿伸入腿部开口并将裤提拉到围绕穿着者下体的适当位置,可将裤穿到使用者身上的适当位置。裤可使用任何合适的方法来预成形,所述方法包括但不限于利用可重复扣紧的和/或不可重复扣紧的粘结(例如,缝合、焊接、粘合剂、内聚粘合、扣件等)将制品的各部分接合在一起。沿制品圆周的任何地方可对裤预成形(例如,侧边扣紧、前腰扣紧)。
本文使用“一次性的”来描述一般不旨在被洗涤或换句话讲一般不旨在被恢复或重新使用的制品(即它们在单次使用后即被丢弃,并且可被回收再循环、堆肥处理或以环境相容的方式处理)。
如本文所用,“吸收结构”是指可用于吸收和容纳液体如尿液的三维结构。吸收结构可为吸收制品的吸收芯,或可为吸收制品的吸收芯的部分,即吸收芯的吸收组件,如将在本文中进一步描述。
如本文所用,“吸收芯”是指通常设置在吸收制品的顶片与底片之间的吸收制品的组件。吸收制品的吸收芯可包括一个或多个吸收结构以及任选地另外的层如例如覆盖层。
如本文所用,“吸收性聚合物颗粒”是指基本上水不溶性的聚合物颗粒,其能够吸收由使用离心保留容量测试(Edana441.2-01)测量的至少10倍于其重量的0.9%盐水溶液的去离子水溶液。
如本文所用,“非织造材料”是指由定向或任意取向的纤维制成的纤维网,不包括纸材和掺入接结纱或长丝的织造产品、针织产品、簇成产品、缝编产品、或湿磨法毡化的产品,无论是否另外被针刺。非织造材料及其制造工艺已为本领域的人们所知。一般来讲,制备非织造材料的工艺包括在成型表面上铺设纤维,包括纺丝法、熔吹法、粗梳法、气流成网、湿法成网、共成形以及它们的组合。这些纤维可源于天然纤维或人造纤维,并且可为人造短纤维或连续长丝或者可原位形成。
如本文所用,术语“基重”是指每单位面积的材料质量,即每单位面积的吸收性聚合物颗粒的质量,例如,克每平方米(gsm)。
如本文所用,“热熔融粘合剂”是指符合由Alphonsus V.Pocius在“Adhesion andAdhesives Technology:An Introduction”(Hanser publishers Munich,1997)中给出的描述的粘合剂。本文中,热熔体被定义为由熔体施用的并在固化时获得强度的粘合剂。
在本发明的以下说明中,在使用时面向使用者方向的一次性尿布或其元件的表面被称为“面向穿着者的表面”。相反,在使用时面向衣服方向的表面被称为“面向衣服的表面”。所述一次性尿布及其任何元件例如吸收结构由此具有面向穿着者的表面和面向衣服的表面。
除非另有说明,如本文所用,吸收层的纵向尺寸或长度应理解为平均长度。
除非另有说明,如本文所用,吸收层的横向尺寸或宽度应理解为平均宽度。
一次性尿布
如图1所示,一次性尿布1具有纵向尺寸(沿纵向轴线A)以及与其垂直的横向尺寸(沿横向轴线B)。
将尿布的一个末端部分设置为前腰区2(其为制品的前三分之一,具有制品长度的三分之一)。将相对的末端部分设置为后腰区3(其为制品的后三分之一,具有制品长度的三分之一)。将尿布的中间部分设置为裆区4(其为制品的中间三分之一)。裆区在前腰区和后腰区之间纵向延伸。裆区为穿着尿布时通常位于穿着者腿部之间的尿布部分。
所述尿布通常包括顶片5、底片6以及设置在顶片与底片之间的吸收芯7。
顶片可为液体可透过的。所述顶片可为至少部分亲水的。还可使用所谓的开孔顶片。还可使用具有一个或多个(大)开口的顶片。所述顶片还可包含护肤组合物例如洗剂。顶片可全部或部分弹性化或可被缩短,以在顶片和吸收芯之间提供空隙空间。包括弹性化的或缩短的顶片的示例性结构更详细地描述于以下专利中:1991年8月6日授予Allen等人的名称为“Disposable Absorbent Article Having Elastically Extensible Topshee”的美国专利5,037,416;和1993年12月14日授予Freeland等人的名称为“TrisectionTopsheets for Disposable Absorbent Articles and Disposable Absorbent ArticlesHaving Such Trisection Topsheets”的美国专利5,269,775。
底片可以是蒸气可透过的但液体不可透过的。底片可用于防止吸收和容纳在吸收芯中的流体润湿接触吸收制品的材料诸如内衣裤、裤、睡衣、内衣、以及衬衫或夹克,从而用作对流体传送的屏障。在某些实施例中,底片可为基本上液体(例如,尿液)不可透过的,并且包括非织造材料和塑料薄膜的层压体,所述薄膜如具有约0.012mm(0.5密耳)至约0.051mm(2.0密耳)厚度的热塑性膜。合适的底片膜包括由Tredegar Industries Inc.(Terre Haute,Ind.)制造并以商品名X15306、X10962和X10964出售的那些。其它合适的底片材料可包括允许蒸气从尿布逸出同时仍然防止液体流出物通过底片的可透气材料。示例性透气材料可包括诸如织造纤维网、非织造纤维网之类的材料、诸如膜包衣的非织造纤维网的复合材料以及诸如日本的Mitsui Toatsu Co.制造的命名为ESPOIR NO和EXXONChemical Co.(Bay City,TX)制造的命名为EXXAIRE的微孔膜。包括共混聚合物的合适的可透气复合材料以名称HYTREL blend P18-3097购自Clopay Corporation(Cincinnati)。此类可透气复合材料更详细地描述于1995年6月22日以E.I.DuPont的名义公布的PCT专利申请WO95/16746中。包括非织造纤维网和开孔成形膜在内的其它可透气的底片描述于1996年11月5日授予Dobrin等人的美国专利5,571,096中。
吸收芯7设置在吸收制品的顶片与底片之间。吸收芯可包括如本文所述的一个或多个吸收结构。
如本领域所已知的,尿布还可包括前腰带和后腰带和/或通常接合到腰带的扣紧系统。优选包括扣紧插片8和着陆区9的扣紧系统,其中扣紧插片连接或接合到尿布的后腰区,并且着陆区为尿布的前腰区的一部分。所述尿布还可具有腿箍10和/或阻挡箍,如弹性化的阻挡箍11。合适的箍描述于例如U.S.3,860,003;U.S4,808,178和4,909;U.S.4,695,278和4,795,454中。
如图1所示,吸收芯可包括采集系统,所述采集系统包括上部采集层12和下部采集层13以及任选地芯覆盖件14。
组装尿布的方法包括本领域已知的用于构造和配置一次性吸收制品的常规技术。例如,可通过粘合剂的均匀连续层、粘合剂的图案化层、或粘合剂的一排单独线、螺纹或圆点,将底片和/或顶片接合到吸收芯或将它们相互连接。以商品名为HL-1258或H-2031由H.B.Fuller公司(St.Paul,Minnesota)生产的粘合剂已被发现具有令人满意的性能。尽管顶片、底片和吸收芯可以多种熟知的构型装配,但优选的尿布构型一般描述于以下专利中:1996年9月10日授予Roe等人的名称为“Absorbent Article With Multiple ZoneStructural Elastic-Like Film Web Extensible Waist Feature”的美国专利5,554,145;1996年10月29日授予Buell等人的名称为“Disposable Pull-On Pant”的美国专利5,569,234;和1999年12月21日授予Robles等人的名称为“Absorbent Article With Multi-Directional Extensible Side Panels”的美国专利6,004,306。
如上文所述,吸收芯可包括吸收和容纳液体诸如尿液的一个或多个吸收结构。吸收结构可为吸收制品的吸收芯,或可为吸收制品的吸收芯的一部分。
吸收结构
吸收结构15为三维结构,其包括基底层16和吸收层17,所述吸收层包含吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素,由所述基底层16支撑并固定在所述基底层上。吸收结构15的例子示于图2、3B和3C中。
基底层具有在尿布的纵向尺寸上延伸的纵向尺寸,以及在尿布的横向尺寸上延伸的横向尺寸。
吸收层具有在尿布的纵向尺寸上延伸的纵向尺寸M(即,吸收层具有长度M)以及在尿布的横向尺寸上延伸的横向尺寸N(即,吸收层具有宽度N)。吸收层具有中心纵向轴线x、垂直于所述中心纵向轴线x的中心横向轴线y、在一次性尿布的纵向尺寸上延伸的一对相对的纵向边缘18以及在一次性尿布的横向尺寸上延伸的一对相对的横向边缘19。吸收层的纵向边缘或横向边缘可相对于中心纵向轴线或中心横向轴线平行(如图2所示)或它们可符合这些轴的总体方向但是不严格平行,例如其可以是曲线的,例如以在裆区中提供较窄的横向尺寸(如图3A、5和6所示)。
吸收层17的中心纵向轴线x划分吸收层的两个区域,所述区域在本文中称为纵向区20(垂直于中心纵向轴线的平面将吸收层17分成设置在所述平面任一侧上的两个纵向区20)。
将吸收层的一个端部设置为前区21(其是朝向一次性尿布的前腰区取向的区域),其组成吸收层17的纵向尺寸M的25%。将相对的端部设置为后区22(其是朝向尿布的后腰区取向的区域),其组成吸收层17的纵向尺寸M的25%。将吸收层17的中间部分设置为裆区23,其组成吸收层的纵向尺寸M的50%。所述前区、裆区和后区按顺序布置在吸收层的纵向尺寸中。
吸收结构的基底层可为能够支撑吸收性聚合物颗粒的任何材料。通常,其可为纤维网或片材料,诸如泡沫、膜、机织和/或非织造材料。如本文所用,“非织造材料”是指定向或任意取向的纤维通过摩擦和/或内聚力和/或粘合力粘结的人造纤维网,不包括纸材和掺入接结纱或长丝的织造产品、针织产品、簇成产品、缝编产品、或湿磨法毡化的产品,无论是否另外被针刺。非织造材料及其制造工艺已为本领域的人们所知。一般来说,用于制备非织造材料的方法包括两个步骤:将纤维铺设在成形表面上以及纤维粘结。纤维铺设步骤可包括射流喷网、熔吹、粗梳、气流喷网、湿法成网、共成形以及它们的组合。所述纤维粘结步骤可包括水刺法、冷压延、热压延、通过空气热粘合、化学粘合、针刺法,以及它们的组合。非织造材料可为层压体。层压体可包括一个或多个纺粘层(S)、和/或一个或多个熔喷层(M)、和/或一个或多个梳理成网层(C)。合适的层压体包括但不限于SS、SSS、SMS或SMMS。非织造材料可具有约5至100g/m2,或约10至40g/m2、或约10至30g/m2的基重。机织或非织造织物材料可包括天然纤维或合成纤维或它们的组合。天然纤维的例子可包括纤维质天然纤维,例如来自硬木来源、软木来源、或其它非木植株的纤维。天然纤维可包括纤维素、淀粉以及它们的组合。合成纤维可为任何材料,如但不限于:聚烯烃(聚丙烯和聚丙烯共聚物、聚乙烯和聚乙烯共聚物)、聚酯(例如,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚醚、聚酰胺、聚酰胺酯、聚乙烯、聚羟基脂肪酸酯、多糖、以及它们的组合。此外,合成纤维可为单一组分(即构成整个纤维的单一合成材料或混合物)、双组分(即将纤维分成多个区域,所述区域包含两种或更多种不同的合成材料或它们的混合物,并且可包含共挤出纤维以及芯鞘纤维)以及它们的组合。双组分纤维能够用作非织造材料的组分纤维,和/或用作非织造材料中的其它纤维的粘合剂。任何或所有的纤维均可在制造之前、期间或之后进行处理以改变纤维的任何所期望的特性。
基底层16和吸收层17可为共延的,或者基底层16可以比吸收层17略长或略宽(如图2、3B和3C所示)。
吸收层17包含吸收性聚合物颗粒50,以及任选地纤维素。吸收性聚合物颗粒将在本文下面进一步详细描述。所述吸收性聚合物颗粒可单独使用或与其它材料组合使用。在一些实施例中,所述吸收层包含与纤维素组合的吸收性聚合物颗粒。如本文所用,“纤维素”是指以纤维形式的粉碎的木浆,通常在本领域中也称为“空气毡”。在一些实施例中,吸收层包含大于70重量%、或大于80重量%、或大于90重量%、或大于95重量%或甚至100重量%的吸收性聚合物颗粒。在一些其它实施例中,吸收层包含吸收性聚合物颗粒以及小于5重量%的纤维素,更典型地小于2重量%的纤维素,以及最典型地所述吸收层不含纤维素。在实施例中,其中所述吸收层不含纤维素,所述吸收层仅包含吸收性聚合物颗粒。与包含纤维素纤维的常规吸收结构相比,所得的吸收结构在干燥状态下具有减小的厚度。厚度减小有助于改善穿着者使用吸收制品时的贴合性和舒适度。
吸收层17包括至少两个通道26,所述通道基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒,在吸收层的纵向尺寸上延伸穿过吸收层的厚度。所谓在吸收层的纵向尺寸上延伸是指通道基本上在纵向尺寸上延伸,即,它们在纵向尺寸上比在横向尺寸上更多地延伸,例如在纵向尺寸上比在横向尺寸上延伸多达至少两倍。本文中将这两个通道称为“纵向主通道”。
除了这两个纵向主通道26之外,吸收层17还可包括另外的通道26’,本文中称为“次通道”。
如本文所用,“通道”是指基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒的延伸穿过吸收层厚度的吸收层的离散部分,即吸收性聚合物颗粒不有意存在于吸收结构的此类通道(纵向主通道或次通道)中。然而,应当理解,意外地,可忽略的少量吸收性聚合物颗粒可存在于通道中,这对整体功能不产生影响(例如吸收结构的吸收性)。通常,通道具有两个横向边缘(在最短的尺寸上)以及在横向边缘之间运行的两个纵向边缘(在最长的尺寸上)。通道的横向边缘可以是直的(即垂直于纵向侧边缘)、成角的或弯曲的。通道具有至少3mm的平均宽度w(通道的平均宽度定义为在纵向侧边缘之间的平均距离),或具有吸收层宽度的至少4%的平均宽度。在一些实施例中,纵向通道可具有复杂的形状:通道可为不以直的、成角的或弯曲的横向边缘结束,但是可具有在其一个或两个末端边缘处的一个或多个分支(本文称为分支通道)。分支也具有纵向边缘和一个横向边缘。通道及其分支具有至少3mm的平均宽度w或吸收层宽度的至少4%的平均宽度w。
通道优选为永久的。所谓永久的是指在干燥状态和润湿状态下都至少部分地维持通道的完整性,即通道抵抗由尿布穿着者运动造成的摩擦并抵抗被体液如尿液润湿。永久通道通过将吸收性聚合物颗粒固定在基底层上而获得,如通过将热塑性粘合剂材料施用在吸收层上。作为另外一种选择,可通过将基底层折叠成通道或使得基底层进入通道中,从而固定吸收性聚合物颗粒而使通道称为永久的,如将在本文下面进一步详细描述。
本发明的吸收芯7可具体地包括永久通道,所述永久通道通过将第一基底层16和第二基底层16'粘结穿过通道而形成。通常,可使用胶水粘结两个基底层通过通道,但是可经由其它已知方式粘结,例如超声波粘结或热粘结。支撑层可沿通道连续粘结或间歇粘结。
可使用下文所述的润湿通道完整性测试以测试通道在润湿饱和后是否是永久的以及至何种程度。
湿通道完整性测试
该测试被设计成在润湿饱和之后检查通道的完整性。能够直接对吸收结构或对包括该吸收结构的吸收芯进行测试。
1.在干燥状态下测量通道的长度(以毫米计)(如果通道不是直的,则测量穿过通道中部的曲线长度)。
2.然后将吸收结构或芯浸没在5升浓度为9.00g NaCl/1000ml溶液的合成尿液“盐水溶液”中,所述盐水溶液是通过将适量的氯化钠溶解在蒸馏水中而制备的。该溶液的温度必须为20+/-5℃。
3.在该盐水溶液中浸没1分钟之后,取出吸收结构或芯,并通过一端垂直保持5秒以以沥干溶液,然后将其平展在水平表面上,使面向衣服侧可辨别,则该侧向下。如果吸收结构或芯包括拉伸元件,则将吸收结构或芯在X和Y尺寸上拉紧,使得观察不到收缩。将吸收结构或芯的极端/边缘固定到水平表面,使得无收缩可发生。
4.将吸收结构或芯用合适重量的刚性板覆盖,其中所述刚性板的尺寸如下:长度等于吸收结构或芯的延伸长度,并且宽度等于横向上的最大吸收结构或芯宽度。
5.在上述刚性板的区域之上施加18.0kPa的压力并持续30秒。基于刚性板所涵盖的总面积来计算压力。通过在刚性板的几何中心放置附加砝码来获得压力,使得刚性板和附加砝码的合并重量在刚性板的总面积上导致18.0kPa的压力。
6.在30秒之后,除去附加砝码和刚性板。
7.紧接其后,测量保持未受损的通道的各部分的累计长度(以毫米计;如果通道不是直的,则测量通过通道中部的曲线长度)。如果没有通道的部分保持未受损,则通道不是永久的。
8.通过如下方式来计算永久通道的完整性百分比:将保持未受损的通道的部分的累积长度除以处于干燥状态的通道的长度,然后将所得商乘以100。
有利的是,按照该测试,根据本发明的永久通道具有至少20%,或30%,或40%,或50%,或60,或70%,或80%,或90%的完整性百分比。
当吸收结构包含吸收性聚合物颗粒和纤维素时,可能优选的是所述通道,即纵向主通道和/或次通道也不含此类纤维素。
下文中,当适用时,所述说明适用于每个独立获取的通道。例如,所谓“两个纵向通道可延伸超过距离L,所述距离为…的至少15%”是指两个纵向通道中每一个可延伸超过距离L,所述距离为…的至少15%”,即,通道可相同或不同。
纵向主通道
两个纵向主通道26分布在吸收层17中,使得吸收层的每个纵向部分20包括一个纵向主通道26。
如图2所示,两个纵向主通道至少存在于吸收层的裆区中。所谓”至少存在于裆区中“是指通道可存在于裆区中或它们可从裆区延伸至前区和/或直至后区,即它们可延伸超出裆区。在一些实施例中,两个纵向主通道可延伸横跨吸收层的纵向尺寸的至少15%、或至少20%、或至少30%且至多50%、或至多70%、或至多90%(即,它们可延伸超过距离L,所述距离为吸收层长度M的至少15%且至多50%、或至多70%、或至多90%)。在一些实施例中,两个纵向主通道可仅存在于裆区中。当仅存在于裆区中时,纵向主通道可延伸超过裆区的全部纵向尺寸,即,吸收层的纵向尺寸M的50%,或它们可仅在裆区的部分中延伸,即吸收层的纵向尺寸的至少15%、或至少20%或至少30%至40%、或至45%或至小于50%。在一些实施例中,两个纵向主通道26可存在于裆区或其一部分中、以及前区的部分和/或后区的部分中(如图2所示)。在一些实施例中,纵向主通道可存在于前区和裆区中,即,通道延伸通过裆区(或其一部分)以及前区的部分。在这些实施例中,纵向主通道可延伸至吸收层的纵向尺寸的至多70%、通常吸收层的纵向尺寸的15%、或30%、或35%或40%至70%(即,它们可延伸超过距离L,所述距离为吸收层长度M的至多70%)。在一些实施例中,纵向主通道可存在于后区和裆区中,即,通道延伸通过裆区(或其一部分)以及后区的部分。在这些实施例中,纵向主通道可延伸至吸收层的纵向尺寸的至多70%、通常吸收层的纵向尺寸的15%、或30%、或35%或40%至70%(即,它们可延伸超过距离L,所述距离为吸收层长度M的至多70%)。在一些实施例中,纵向主通道可存在于前区、裆区和后区中。在这些实施例中,纵向主通道可延伸至吸收层纵向尺寸M的至多90%、通常吸收层的纵向尺寸的55%、或60%至70%、或至80%(即,它们可延伸超过距离L,所述距离为吸收层长度M的至多90%)。
纵向主通道26可相对于吸收层17的中心纵向轴线x互为镜像,即在一个纵向区20中的纵向主通道可为吸收层17的另一纵向区中的纵向主通道的镜像。
纵向主通道26不延伸至吸收层17的横向边缘19,即不从一个横向边缘延伸至另一个横向边缘。通常,吸收层包括沿每个横向边缘且与所述边缘直接相邻的不含通道的条,其在吸收层的横向尺寸上从一个纵向边缘延伸至另一个纵向边缘。所述条分别具有宽度F’或G’,所述宽度为吸收层的纵向尺寸的至少5%(即,宽度为吸收层长度的至少5%)。换句话讲,通道的边缘和吸收层的横向边缘之间的最小距离F’或G’为吸收层的纵向尺寸M的至少5%。在一些实施例中,宽度F’或G’为吸收层的纵向尺寸的至少5%至15%,或至10%。
此外,为了降低流体渗漏和溢出的风险,纵向主通道不延伸至吸收层17的纵向边缘18。通常,吸收层包括沿每个纵向边缘且与所述边缘直接相邻的不含通道的条,其在吸收层的纵向尺寸中从一个横向边缘延伸至另一个横向边缘。所述条分别具有宽度I’或F’,所述宽度为给定区域中的吸收层的横向尺寸N的至少5%、或至少10%、或至少12%至25%,(即宽度I’或F’为吸收层宽度N的至少5%)。换句话讲,通道的边缘和吸收层的纵向边缘之间的最小距离I’或F’为吸收层的横向尺寸的至少5%至25%。例如,裆区中的距离I’或F’可相当于在所述裆区中的吸收层横向尺寸N的至少5%、或至少10%、或至少12%。在一些实施例中,距离I’和/或F’为10mm、或15mm或20mm。
纵向主通道可为平行于吸收层的纵向轴线运行的直通道(如示意性地示出在图4A中)。直通道用作吸收结构中的折叠线,其有助于对穿着时的尿布提供期望的桶形。穿着时的尿布适形于穿着者的紧身衣物内部。因此,可获得U样形状,其可使渗漏最小化并增加舒适度。这些通道还改善了吸收结构内的流体输送,因此有助于加快侵害物采集。
作为另外一种选择,纵向主通道可为弯曲的,如图4B所示。弯曲通道用作吸收结构中的折叠线,其辅助吸收结构跟随尿布穿着者的形态,即当尿布被穿着并被穿着者紧身衣压缩时,通道约束产品采取U样形状。从而,除了允许改善的流体输送之外,通道还提供舒适且优异的贴合性。
纵向主通道26可以是倾斜通道,如图4C所示,即直通道相对于吸收结构的纵向中心轴线以至多30度、或至多20度、或至多10度的角θ取向。
在一些其它供选择的替代方案中,纵向主通道可为成角度的通道,如图4D所示。成角度的通道为由以角度σ彼此连接的两个或更多个部分制成的通道。通常,成角度的通道由以至少150度、或至少160度、或至少170度的角σ连接的两个部分制成。
在一些实施例中,纵向主通道可为所谓的”分支“通道,即,通道具有不以直的、成角的或弯曲的横向边缘28结束而是以分支29结束的至少一个极端。分支29可相对于通道的纵向中心轴线形成至多30度、或至多20度或至多10度的角α。
纵向主通道26可具有3mm至15mm、或4mm至14mm或5mm至12mm的平均宽度w(通道的平均宽度为其纵向侧边缘27之间的平均距离)。纵向主通道的平均宽度可为吸收层宽度的至少4%,或至少7%且至多15%、或20%或25%。在一些实施例中,纵向主通道可具有3mm至18mm、或5mm至15mm或6至10mm的平均宽度w。分支29也具有至少3mm的平均宽度w或吸收层宽度的至少4%、或至少7%且至多15%、或至多20%或至多25%的平均宽度w(分支29的纵向边缘27’之间的平均距离)。
优选地,纵向主通道26在裆区中按距离D隔开(如图2所示),所述距离为所述裆区中吸收层横向尺寸(宽度)的至少5%、或至少10%或至少20%、或至少25%。据发现当这两个纵向主通道按裆区中吸收层的横向尺寸的至少5%的距离隔开时,一次性尿布采用改善尿布贴合性的期望的桶形。在一些实施例中,纵向主通道可在裆区中以至少10mm、或至少15mm、或至少20mm、或至少30mm的距离隔开。在一些实施例中,在裆区中隔开纵向主通道的距离为20至30mm。
发明人已发现当吸收结构具有至少两个如上所述的通道,即两个纵向主通道时,吸收结构的柔韧性增加,尤其是对于吸收层中仅包含吸收性聚合物颗粒的吸收结构而言。两个通道产生弯曲线,所述弯曲线使尿布的弯曲适形于穿着者的解剖结构并因此改善尿布的贴合性。
此外,发明人观察到具有至少两个如上所述的通道的吸收结构相对于不包括通道的相同类型的吸收结构表现出更好的流体输送。实际上,观察到通道提供更快的侵害物采集,这降低了渗漏风险。通道避免了流体排放区中吸收层的饱和,所述饱和增加渗漏风险。
次通道
吸收层还可包括另外的通道26’以进一步增加流体输送和/或吸收制品的贴合性,本文中称为次通道。上文对纵向主通道的说明同样可适用于所述次通道26’中的任一个。然而,在一些实施例中,次通道可短于主纵向通道。
次通道可在吸收层的纵向尺寸上延伸(纵向次通道)和/或在吸收层的横向尺寸上延伸(横向次通道),前提条件是它们不延伸至吸收层的纵向边缘和/或横向边缘。从而,吸收层不含通道,即延伸至其纵向边缘和横向边缘的纵向主通道和次通道。
纵向次通道可延伸超过距离V’,所述距离为吸收层的纵向尺寸M的至少10%、或至少15%、或至少20%(如图6所示)。其可延伸至吸收层的纵向尺寸的至多90%。通常,纵向次通道延伸至吸收层的纵向尺寸的至多30%或45%。
横向次通道可延伸超过为吸收层的横向尺寸(宽度)N的至少10%、或至少15%、或至少20%的距离。其可延伸至吸收层的横向尺寸的至多90%。通常,横向次通道延伸至吸收层的横向尺寸的至多30%或45%。在一些实施例中,吸收层不包括横向通道。
通常,以沿吸收层的每个横向边缘且与所述边缘直接相邻的方式分布次通道,在吸收层的横向尺寸上从一个纵向边缘延伸至另一个纵向边缘、超过距离F’或G’的条保持不含通道(如上文关于纵向主通道分布所公开的)。
通常,以沿吸收层的每个纵向边缘且与所述边缘直接相邻的方式分布次通道,在吸收层的纵向尺寸上从一个横向边缘延伸至另一个横向边缘、超过距离H’或I’的条保持不含通道(如上文关于纵向主通道分布所公开的)。
纵向主通道以及当存在时,次通道可分布在吸收层中,使得沿吸收层的中心纵向轴线(且包括所述轴线)从一个横向边缘延伸至另一个横向边缘,并且具有宽度D’的条保持不含通道,所述宽度为吸收层的横向尺寸的至少5%、至少10%且至多60%、或至多70%、或至多75%。所述吸收性聚合物颗粒优选连续地存在于所述条中。例如,所述条可具有至少5mm、或至少10mm、或至少15mm或20mm且至多70mm或至多40mm的宽度D’。在所述条中不存在通道是有利的,因为其防止尿布在穿着时采取倒V-形构型。倒V-形构型增加了流体渗漏的风险。在一些实施例中,所述条中的吸收性聚合物颗粒的平均基重较高,即至少350gsm且至多1000gsm,或例如450gsm至750gsm。
尽管次通道可为横向次通道,但是吸收层在裆区中不包括任何此类通道。在裆区中在横向尺寸上延伸的通道将传送液体至横向边缘并且这将不可取地增加液体渗漏和/或溢出的风险。然而,此类次通道可存在于吸收层的前区和/或后区中。
纵向次通道可存在于吸收层的前区、后区和/或裆区中。
如关于纵向主通道所公开的,次通道可为平行于吸收结构的纵向中心轴线的直通道(如图4A所示)、弯曲通道(如图4B所示)、成角度的通道(如图4D所示)、倾斜通道(如图4C所示)或分支通道(如图4E所示)。当存在于吸收层的前区或后区中时(即不在裆区中),倾斜的纵向通道可与吸收层的纵向中心轴线形成至多60度、或至多50度、或至多45度的角θ。
次通道可具有3mm至15mm、或4mm至14mm或5mm至12mm的平均宽度w’(通道的平均宽度为其纵向侧边缘27之间的平均距离)或次通道的平均宽度可为所述吸收层宽度的至少4%、或至少7%且至多15%、或20%或25%。在一些实施例中,次通道可具有3mm至18mm、或5mm至15mm或6至10mm的平均宽度w’。分支29也具有至少3mm的平均宽度w’或吸收层宽度的至少4%、或至少7%且至多15%、或至多20%或至多25%的平均宽度w’(分支29的纵向边缘27’之间的平均距离)。
纵向主通道和次通道可按至少5mm,或至少8mm的距离彼此间隔开。
吸收层可包括一个或多个所述次通道,例如2、3、4、5、或6个。优选地,吸收层包括平均数量的次通道。次通道可分布在吸收层中使得吸收层的每个纵向区包括平均数量的次通道。在一些实施例中,包括通道(即主纵向通道和次通道)的纵向区域相对于吸收层的中心纵向轴线互为镜像。
在一些实施例中,如图3A至3C所示,纵向次通道和主纵向通道不可分辨,即纵向次通道和主纵向通道相似。所得的吸收层由此可被看成包括至少存在于裆区中的多于两个的纵向主通道26(例如4个纵向主通道)。在一些实施例中,可能优选的是裆区中通道的最大数量为使得通道26的宽度w的总和小于50%的裆区中吸收层的横向尺寸(宽度)的那些。
在一些实施例中,如图5所示,吸收层17可包括如上所述的两个主纵向通道26以及前区26’中的两个次纵向通道。两个主纵向通道26至少存在于裆区中。所谓至少存在于裆区中是指所述主纵向通道可延伸至前区和/或后区。至少存在于裆区中的两个主纵向通道26可延伸超过距离L,所述距离为吸收层的纵向尺寸M的至少15%。前区中的次纵向通道26’可延伸超过距离V’,所述距离为吸收层的纵向尺寸M的至少10%至20%。裆区中的两个主纵向通道26可为弯曲通道,然而前区中的两个次纵向通道26’可为倾斜通道。优选地,在纵向区域之一中的通道与另一纵向区域中的通道互为镜像。
在一些其它实施例中,如图6所示,吸收层17可包括裆区中的两个纵向主通道26、前区中的两个纵向次通道26’、以及后区中的两个纵向次通道26’。裆区25中的纵向主通道26可横跨吸收层的纵向尺寸的至少15%延伸。前区和后区中的纵向次通道26’可延伸超过距离V’,所述距离为吸收层的纵向尺寸M的至少10%至20%。裆区中的纵向主通道26可为弯曲通道,然而前区和后区中的两个纵向次通道26’可为倾斜通道。优选地,在纵向区域之一中的通道与另一纵向区域中的通道互为镜像。
当次通道26’为在裆区中延伸的纵向次通道时,可能优选的是吸收层中通道的最大数量为使得通道(次通道和主纵向通道)的宽度w和w’的总和小于50%的裆区中的吸收层的横向尺寸的那些。
在本文的一些实施例中,可能优选的是与通道26和26’直接相邻并从通道的边缘延伸超过至少3mm或至少5mm或至少7mm的距离k的吸收层的区域30包含基本上连续地存在的吸收性聚合物颗粒。优选地,在这些区域30中,吸收性聚合物颗粒的平均基重较高,即至少350gsm、或至少400gsm、或至少500gsm、或至少600gsm。
吸收层
如上所述,通道26和26’是延伸穿过吸收层的厚度,不含吸收性聚合物颗粒的区域。吸收层仅包含吸收性聚合物颗粒50或包含与其它材料如纤维素的组合。优选地,吸收层仅包含吸收性聚合物颗粒。吸收性聚合物颗粒通常通过热塑性粘合剂材料40固定在基底层上。
通常,适用于吸收层中的吸收性聚合物颗粒可包括从超吸收剂文献已知的任何吸收性聚合物颗粒,例如Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology,F.L.Buchholz,A.T.Graham,Wiley1998中所述。
吸收性聚合物颗粒可为通常得自反相悬浮聚合的球形、类球形或不规则形状的颗粒,诸如维也纳香肠形颗粒、或椭圆形颗粒。还可任选地使颗粒凝聚至少至一定程度以形成更大的不规则颗粒。
吸收性聚合物颗粒可选自内部和/或表面交联的丙烯酸酯类和基于聚丙烯酸酯的材料,例如部分中和的交联聚丙烯酸酯或酸性聚丙烯酸酯。适用于本发明中的吸收性聚合物颗粒的例子描述于例如PCT专利申请WO07/047598、WO07/046052、WO2009/155265以及WO2009/155264中。
优选将吸收性聚合物颗粒内部交联,即在具有两个或更多个可聚合基团的化合物的存在下进行聚合,所述化合物能够自由基共聚到聚合物网络中。有用的交联剂包括例如如EP-A530438中所述的乙二醇二(甲基丙烯酸酯)、二甘醇二丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、四烯丙氧基乙烷,如EP-A547847、EP-A559476、EP-A632068、WO93/21237、WO03/104299、WO03/104300、WO03/104301和DE-A10331450中所述的二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯,如DE-A10331456和DE-A10355401中所述的混合的丙烯酸酯(其不仅包括丙烯酸酯基团,还包括烯键式不饱和基团),或者例如DE-A19543368、DE-A19646484、WO90/15830和WO02/32962中所述的交联剂混合物,以及WO2009/155265中所述的交联剂。
吸收性聚合物颗粒可外部交联(后交联)。有用的后交联剂包括含有两个或更多个能够与所述聚合物的羧酸酯基团形成共价键的基团的化合物。有用的化合物包括例如EP-A083022、EP-A543303和EP-A937736中所述的烷氧基甲硅烷基化合物、聚氮丙啶、聚胺、聚酰氨基胺、二缩水甘油基或聚缩水甘油基化合物,如DE-C3314019中所述的多元醇,如DE-A4020780中所述环状碳酸酯、如DE-A19807502中所述的2-唑烷酮及其衍生物(如N-(2-羟基乙基)-2-唑烷酮)、如DE-A19807992中所述的二-和聚-2-唑烷酮、如DE-A19854573中所述的2-氧代四氢-1,3-嗪及其衍生物、如DE-A19854574所述的N-酰基-2-唑烷酮、如DE-A10204937中所述的环脲、如DE-A10334584中所述的二环酰胺缩醛、如EP-A1199327中所述的氧杂环丁烷和环脲、以及如WO03/031482中所述的吗啉-2,3-二酮及其衍生物。
吸收性聚合物颗粒可具有表面改性,例如涂覆或部分涂覆有涂层剂。涂覆的吸收性聚合物颗粒的例子公开在WO2009/155265中。涂层剂可为使吸收性聚合物颗粒更具亲水性的那些。涂层剂可为聚合物,诸如弹性聚合物或成膜聚合物或弹性成膜聚合物,其在颗粒上形成弹性体(弹性)膜涂层。涂层可为在吸收性聚合物颗粒表面上的均相和/或均匀涂层。涂层剂可以按所述表面改性的吸收性聚合物颗粒的重量计0.1%至5%、或0.2%至1%的含量施用。
通常,吸收性聚合物颗粒可具有选择的粒度分布。例如,所述吸收性聚合物颗粒可具有在45μm至4000μm、更具体地45μm至约1000μm、或约100μm至约850μm、或约100μm至约600μm范围内的粒度分布。颗粒形式的材料的粒度分布可如本领域已知的那样来测定,例如通过干筛分析法(EDANA420.02“Particle Size distribution)来测定。也可使用如基于光散射和图像分析技术的光学方法。
吸收结构的吸收层可包含吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素,其被分布在基底层上以形成为连续层,即吸收性聚合物颗粒以及当存在时纤维素的不间断层,然而其包括基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒的区域。这些基本上不含吸收性颗粒的离散区域相当于吸收结构的通道。在一些实施例中,吸收层不含纤维素。作为另外一种选择,吸收层可包含吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素,其被分布在基底层上以形成不连续层。在一些实施例中,吸收层不含纤维素。在这些实施例中,吸收性聚合物颗粒(以及当存在时纤维素)可以颗粒簇的形式沉积在基底层上,由此形成吸收性聚合物颗粒(以及当存在时纤维素)的不连续层或插入层,然而其包括基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒簇的区域。这些基本上不含吸收性颗粒簇的离散区域相当于吸收结构的通道。这些吸收性聚合物颗粒(以及当存在时纤维素)簇可具有多种形状,包括但不限于圆形、椭圆形、正方形、矩形、三角形等。适用于以颗粒簇形式沉积颗粒的方法公开在EP1621167A2、EP1913914A2以及EP2238953A2中。通常,当将两个此类吸收结构结合以形成吸收芯时,将吸收性聚合物颗粒以颗粒簇的形式沉积在基底层上。将两个吸收结构结合使得所得的吸收芯包括基本上连续地分布在两个基底层之间(除了存在通道的区域之外)的吸收性聚合物颗粒。如本文所用,“基本上连续地分布”表明第一基底层和第二基底层被大量吸收性聚合物颗粒隔开。已经认识到在吸收性聚合物材料区域(即,两个基底层之间的区域)内,在第一基底层和第二基底层之间可存在微量组分偶然的接触区域。第一基底和第二基底之间的偶然的接触区域可为有意的或无意的(例如人为的制造偏差),但不形成几何形状例如枕块、口袋、管、绗缝图案等等。
吸收性聚合物颗粒被固定在基底层上。固定可通过施用热塑性粘合剂材料来实现,所述热塑性粘合剂材料将吸收性聚合物颗粒(以及当存在时纤维素)保持并固定在基底层上。一些热塑性粘合剂材料还可渗入吸收性聚合物颗粒层以及基底层中以提供进一步的固定和附连。热塑性粘合剂材料不仅有助于将吸收性聚合物颗粒固定在基底层上,而且有助于维持通道的完整性。热塑性粘合剂材料避免了显著量的吸收性聚合物颗粒迁移到通道中。
通道的完整性/固定作用还可通过使得支撑吸收性聚合物颗粒的基底层折叠成通道,即起伏成通道来实现。作为另外一种选择,完整性/固定作用可通过使得另外的基底层,如存在时芯覆盖件折叠成通道,即起伏成通道来实现。当将如上文所公开的两个吸收结构结合时,完整性/固定作用可通过使得吸收结构之一的基底层折叠成通道来实现。在一些实施例中,可将粘合剂(例如热塑性粘合剂材料)施用在这些起伏成通道的基底层的部分上,以提供进一步的附连。
热塑性粘合剂材料可作为连续层(即均匀地)施用在吸收层之上。在一些实施例中,当吸收性聚合物颗粒(以及当存在时纤维素)以簇的形式沉积时,热塑性粘合剂材料接触吸收性聚合物颗粒(以及当存在时纤维素)以及基底层的部分。
在一些实施例中,热塑性粘合剂材料可作为在吸收层之上形成纤维性网络的纤维层而施用。当吸收性聚合物颗粒(以及当存在时纤维素)以簇的形式沉积时,热塑性粘合剂纤维层可与吸收性聚合物颗粒(以及当存在时纤维素)至少部分地接触并且与吸收结构的基底层部分地接触。从而,热塑性粘合剂材料可提供腔体以覆盖吸收性聚合物颗粒,从而将该材料以及(当存在时)所述通道固定。
适用于固定吸收性聚合物颗粒的热塑性粘合剂材料通常将良好的内聚力和良好的粘附性性能结合。良好的粘附性促进了热塑性粘合剂材料与吸收性聚合物颗粒以及基底层之间的良好接触。良好的内聚力可减小粘合剂中断的可能性,尤其是响应于外力,即响应于应变而中断的可能性。当吸收结构/芯吸收液体时,吸收性聚合物颗粒溶胀并使热塑性粘合剂材料经受外力。热塑性粘合剂材料可允许此类溶胀而不会中断和赋予过多的压缩力,所述压缩力将抑制吸收性聚合物材料的溶胀。
适用于本发明中的热塑性粘合剂材料包括热熔融粘合剂,所述热熔融粘合剂包括至少热塑性聚合物与塑化剂、其它热塑性稀释剂如粘性树脂、以及添加剂如抗氧化剂的组合。示例性合适的热熔融粘合剂材料描述于EP1447067A2中。在一些实施例中,热塑性聚合物具有大于10,000的分子量(Mw)和低于室温的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)或-6℃>Tg<16℃。在某些实施例中,热熔体中的聚合物的浓度在约20重量%至约40重量%的范围内。在某些实施例中,热塑性聚合物可为对水不敏感的。示例性聚合物为包括A-B-A三嵌段结构、A-B两嵌段结构和(A-B)n径向嵌段共聚物结构的(苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物,其中A嵌段为通常包含聚苯乙烯的非弹性体聚合物嵌段,并且B嵌段为不饱和共轭双烯或(部分)氢化的此类变体。B嵌段通常为异戊二烯、丁二烯、乙烯/丁烯(氢化丁二烯)、乙烯/丙烯(氢化异戊二烯)、以及它们的混合物。
可采用的其它合适的热塑性聚合物为茂金属聚烯烃,它们为利用单位点或茂金属催化剂制备的乙烯聚合物。其中,至少一种共聚单体可与乙烯聚合以制备共聚物、三元共聚物或更高级的聚合物。同样适用的是无定形聚烯烃或无定形聚α-烯烃(APAO),它们为C2-C8α烯烃的均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物。
热塑性粘合剂材料,通常热熔融粘合剂材料,一般以纤维的形式存在,即可将热熔融粘合剂纤维化。在一些实施例中,热塑性粘合剂材料在吸收性聚合物颗粒之上形成纤维性网络。通常,纤维可具有约1μm至约100μm、或约25μm至约75μm的平均厚度,和约5mm至约50cm的平均长度。具体地,可例如提供热熔融粘合剂材料层以包括网状结构。在某些实施例中,热塑性粘合剂材料以0.5至30g/m2、或1至15g/m2、或1至10g/m2或甚至1.5至5g/m2每基底层的量施用。
适用于本发明中的热熔融粘合剂的典型参数可为60℃下低于值1或低于值0.5的损耗角tanδ。60℃下的损耗角tanδ与高环境温度下的粘合剂的液体特性相关联。tanδ越低,粘合剂表现得越像固体而不是液体,即,其流动或移动的趋势越小,并且本文所述的粘合剂超结构随时间变质或甚至崩落的趋势越小。因此,如果吸收制品用于炎热的气候,则该值是特别重要的。
其可由于例如加工原因和/或性能原因是有利的,所述热塑性粘合剂材料在175℃下具有介于800和4000mPa·s之间,或1000mPa·s或1200mPa·s或1600mPa·s至3200mPa·s或至3000mPa·s或至2800mPa·s或至2500mPa·s的粘度,如由ASTM D3236-88,使用锭子27,20pmp,在所述温度下预热20分钟,并且搅拌10分钟所测量。
所述热塑性粘合剂材料可具有介于60℃和150℃之间,介于75℃和135℃之间,或介于90℃和130℃之间,或介于100℃和115℃之间温度的软化点,如可用ASTM E28-99(Herzog方法;使用甘油)来测定。
在本文的一个实施例中,热塑性粘合剂组分可为亲水性的,其具有小于90°、或小于80°或小于75°或小于70°的接触角,如可由ASTM D5725-99测定。
在一些实施例中,吸收结构还可包括在将吸收性聚合物颗粒施用在基底层上之前,沉积在基底上的粘合剂材料,本文中称为辅助粘合剂。辅助粘合剂可增强吸收性聚合物颗粒在基底层上的固定。其可为热塑性粘合剂材料,并包含如上文所述的相同热塑性粘合剂材料,或其可以不同。可商购获得的粘合剂的例子为H.B.Fuller Co.(St.Paul,MN)产品号HL-1620-B。可通过任何合适的方式将热塑性粘合剂材料施用到基底层。
在一些实施例中,可将吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素均匀地分布在吸收层的纵向和/或横向尺寸上,而不考虑吸收层是如上所述的吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素的连续层还是不连续层,以提供具有吸收性聚合物颗粒的均匀分布的吸收芯。吸收性聚合物颗粒的平均基重可取决于可在其中掺入吸收性聚合物颗粒的特定尿布。在一些实施例中,吸收芯中的吸收性聚合物颗粒的平均基重可为350gsm至1500gsm。相应区域中的吸收性聚合物颗粒的量通过测定该区域中吸收性聚合物材料的重量并用其除以区域的总表面积来测定(从而,获得平均量)。
在一些实施例中,吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素可以不均匀地分布在至少一个吸收层的纵向尺寸和/或横向尺寸中以提供异形吸收芯。例如,与吸收结构/芯的前区和后区相比,吸收结构/芯的裆区中可包括每面积更高量的吸收性聚合物颗粒。在一些实施例中,吸收芯的前半部包括大部分的吸收容量,即,其可包含以吸收芯中吸收性聚合物颗粒的总重量计,大于约60%、或大于约65%、或大于70%的吸收性聚合物颗粒。
在一些实施例中,如上文所公开的吸收结构可形成一次性尿布的吸收芯,或可为其组件(即,吸收芯可为吸收结构的层压体)。
吸收芯还可包括通常设置在热塑性粘合剂材料上的覆盖层。覆盖层可为单独层或其可与基底层成一体。在这种情况下,将支撑吸收性聚合物颗粒的基底层折叠以形成包封吸收性聚合物颗粒的顶层和底层。覆盖层可由与基底层相同的材料提供,或可由不同的材料提供。可例如通过粘合剂粘结和/或热粘结,将所述层在大约周边处粘结在一起而将吸收性聚合物颗粒包封在其中。在一些实施例中,芯覆盖件可起伏成通道。
在一些实施例中,吸收芯可包括采集系统,所述采集系统设置在吸收结构的顶片与面向穿着者侧之间。采集系统可用作液体的暂时贮存器直到吸收结构能够吸收液体为止。采集系统可包括单一层或多个层,诸如面向穿着者皮肤的上部采集层和面向穿着者的衣服的下部采集层。采集系统可与吸收结构直接接触。在这些实施例中,采集系统可填充通道或其一部分。在一些实施例中,可将采集系统放置在芯覆盖件(当存在时)的顶部上。在芯覆盖件或基底层折叠成通道,即起伏成通道的实施例中,采集系统可填充通道或其一部分。在一些实施例中,采集系统或其一个层可被粘结到起伏成通道的芯覆盖件或基底层中,由此向所述采集系统提供波浪状轮廓。
在某个实施例中,采集系统可包括化学交联的纤维素纤维。此类交联的纤维素纤维可具有所期望的吸收特性。示例性化学交联的纤维素纤维公开于美国专利5,137,537中。在某些实施例中,化学交联的纤维素纤维与基于葡萄糖单体的介于约0.5摩尔%和约10.0摩尔%之间的C2-C9聚羧交联剂交联,或与介于约1.5摩尔%和约6.0摩尔%之间的C2-C9聚羧交联剂交联。柠檬酸为一种示例性交联剂。在其它实施例中,可使用聚丙烯酸。此外,根据某些实施例,交联的纤维素纤维具有约25至约60,或约28至约50,或约30至约45的保水值。用于确定保水值的方法公开于美国专利5,137,537中。根据某些实施例,交联的纤维素纤维可为起褶皱的、加捻的、或卷曲的、或它们的组合(包括起褶皱的、加捻的和卷曲的)。
在某个实施例中,上部采集层和下部采集层之一或两者均可包含非织造材料,所述材料可为亲水性的。此外,根据某个实施例,上部采集层和下部采集层之一或两者还可包含化学交联的纤维素纤维,所述纤维可形成或可不形成非织造材料的一部分。根据一个示例性实施例,上部采集层可包含非织造材料(不含交联的纤维素纤维),并且下部采集层可包含化学交联的纤维素纤维。此外,根据一个实施例,下部采集层可包含与其它纤维诸如天然或合成聚合物纤维相混合的化学交联的纤维素纤维。根据示例性实施例,此类其它天然或合成聚合物纤维可包括高表面积纤维、热塑性粘合纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、PET纤维、人造纤维、lyocell纤维、以及它们的混合物。用于上部采集层和下部采集层的合适的非织造材料包括但不限于SMS材料,其包括纺粘层、熔喷层和另外的纺粘层。在某些实施例中,永久亲水的非织造材料(具体地为具有耐久亲水涂层的非织造材料)是所期望的。其它合适的实施例包括SMMS结构体。在某些实施例中,非织造材料为多孔的。
在一些实施例中,如图7至10所示,一次性尿布的吸收芯可包括如本文所公开的两个或更多个吸收结构,即包括通道的吸收结构,将所述吸收结构组合或叠加。通常,可将吸收结构组合使得第一吸收结构的热塑性粘合剂材料直接接触第二吸收结构的热塑性粘合剂材料。
图7、8、9和10示出实施例,其中包括具有通道26的吸收层17的第一吸收结构15与包括具有通道26’的吸收层17’的第二吸收结构15’组合。在所示实施例中,第一吸收结构的热塑性粘合剂材料40直接接触第二吸收结构的热塑性粘合剂材料40’。在第一和/或第二吸收结构的基底层上可存在辅助粘合剂60以进一步固定吸收性聚合物颗粒(如图7所示)。在一些实施例中,第二吸收结构15’的基底层16’可起伏成第二吸收结构的通道26’(如图8和10所示)或甚至进入第一吸收结构15的通道26中,其中其可能能够附着到第一吸收结构的基底层16上(如图9所示)。通常,当一个吸收结构的基底层起伏成通道时,两个吸收结构的基底层不共延,即基底层之一可更宽或更长以穿透通道26和/或26’。基底层起伏成通道有助于通道在干和湿态下的完整性。
在其中两个或更多个吸收结构包括通道的实施例中,第一和第二吸收结构可能互为镜像。在这些实施例中,第一吸收结构15的通道26基本上叠加邻近的第二吸收结构26’的通道26’,如图7、8和9所示。所得的吸收芯为吸收结构17和17’的层压体,其中通道基本上延伸穿过吸收芯的厚度(如本文所用,所谓基本上是指在此基底层的厚度忽略不计)。
在其中两个或更多个吸收结构包括通道的实施例中,第一和第二吸收结构可以不同。在这些实施例的一些中,两个吸收层的通道中的一些可叠加(如图10所示)。在其它实施例中,一个吸收结构的通道不叠加邻近吸收结构的通道,但是与邻近结构的通道互补。所谓互补是指第二吸收结构的通道形成第一吸收结构的通道的延伸。
在一些实施例中,如图11至13所示,一次性尿布的吸收芯可包括本文所公开的一个或多个吸收结构,所述吸收结构与包括不含通道的吸收层的吸收结构结合。在这些实施例中,不含通道的吸收结构包括基底层和本发明所公开的吸收层,然而所述吸收层不含通道。当仅吸收结构之一包括所述通道时,在使用时本文一些实施例中的具有通道的吸收结构可能比没有通道的一个或多个吸收结构更接近穿着者。
图11、12和13示出实施例,其中具有通道26的第一吸收结构15与不含通道的第二吸收结构15’组合。在图11所示的实施例中,第一吸收结构15的热塑性粘合剂材料40直接接触第二吸收结构15’的热塑性粘合剂材料40’,然而在图12和13中,第二吸收结构15’不包括任何此类热塑性粘合剂材料40’(然而,其可以存在以将吸收层固定到基底层上)。辅助粘合剂60可存在于第一和/或第二吸收结构的基底层上以用于进一步固定吸收性聚合物颗粒50(如图11所示)。在一些实施例中,第一吸收结构15的基底层16可起伏成第一吸收结构的通道26(如图12和13所示)。吸收芯还可包括采集系统,所述采集系统穿透并填充通道(然而,在一些实施例中,采集系统不填充通道)。图13示出实施例,其中采集系统包括第一层12和第二层13,其中所述第二层填充通道。
制备吸收结构的方法
本文中具有通道的吸收结构可通过任何方法制备,所述方法包括将吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素沉积在基底层上以形成吸收层的步骤,例如通过首先将所述基底层以所述待产生通道的形状和尺寸放置在凸起部分上,然后将所述吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素沉积在其上;从而,吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素不保留在所述凸起部分上,而是仅保留在基底层的剩余部分上。
本文中不含通道的吸收结构可通过任何方法制备,所述方法包括将吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素作为吸收层沉积在基底层上的步骤。
在一些实施例中,具有基底层的吸收结构,其中两个或更多个通道基本上不具有吸收材料,例如可通过包括以下步骤的方法获得:
a)提供喂料机以用于将所述吸收材料(吸收性聚合物颗粒和任选地纤维素)喂送至第一移动的环状表面,如料斗;
b)提供转移装置以用于将基底层转移到第二移动的环状表面;
c)提供第一移动的环状表面,其具有一个或多个吸收层形成贮存器,所述贮存器具有纵向尺寸和平均长度、垂直横向尺寸和平均宽度、与两者均垂直的深度尺寸和平均深度、以及在其中容纳所述吸收材料的空隙体积,所述一个或多个贮存器包括不具有空隙体积的一个或多个基本上纵向延伸的凸起条,例如每个具有所述贮存器平均宽度的至少4%或至少5%的平均宽度W,和所述贮存器的平均纵向尺寸的至少5%且至多30%的平均长度L;所述一个或多个贮存器用于将所述吸收材料转移至与其相邻且在其附近的所述第二移动的环状表面;
d)提供第二移动表面,其具有外壳,所述外壳具有一个或多个空气可透过或部分透气容器,所述容器用于在其上或其中容纳所述基底层,具有容纳区域以及一个或多个基本上纵向延伸的配合条,所述配合条可为空气不可透过的并且每个具有例如至少2.5mm的平均宽度W’,优选0.5×W至1.2×W,例如约0.8×L至1.2×L的平均长度;
从而将所述透气外壳连接至一个或多个次真空系统中以有助于将基底层和/或所述吸收材料保持在其上,并且
从而,在交汇点中,所述第一移动的环状表面和所述外壳在转移所述吸收材料期间至少部分地彼此邻近并彼此接近,并使得每个配合条在转移所述吸收材料期间基本上完全邻近并接近凸起条;
e)用所述喂料机将吸收材料喂送至所述第一移动的环状表面,在其至少一个或多个所述贮存器中;
f)任选地,除去一个或多个所述凸起条上的任何吸收材料;
g)同时,将所述基底层转移至所述第二移动的环状表面,转移到一个或多个所述容器上或所述容器中;
h)用所述第一移动的环状表面将所述吸收材料选择性地转移到交汇点中,仅转移到支撑薄片的所述部分,所述支撑薄片在所述容器的容纳区域上或中。
所述一个或多个贮存器可由多个具有空隙体积的沟槽和/或腔体形成,以用于在其中容纳所述吸收材料。在一些实施例中,(每个)条的平均宽度W优选为至少6mm,或例如至少7mm,和/或为相应贮存器的平均宽度的至少7%,或例如至少10%。
所述沟槽和/或腔体可各自在横向上例如具有为至少3mm的最大尺寸,从而直接相邻的腔体和/或沟槽在基本上横向尺寸上的最短距离小于5mm。与凸起条直接邻近的腔体和/或沟槽可具有体积,所述体积大于其一个或多个或所有的相邻腔体或沟槽的体积,所述相邻腔体或沟槽不直接邻近所述条或另一个条(从而进一步从条中移除)。
所述第一移动的环状表面的贮存器可为至少部分地透气的,并且所述第一移动的环状表面可具有围绕定子旋转移动的具有所述贮存器的圆柱形表面,其包括真空室;所述第二移动表面的外壳可为围绕定子旋转移动的圆柱体,其包括连接至所述次真空系统的次真空室。
所述方法还包括以下步骤:i)将吸收材料施用到步骤h的吸收结构;以及任选地在步骤f之前或与其同时,但是在任何情况下都在步骤g之前,将粘合剂材料(即,第二粘合剂材料)施用到所述基底层。
步骤i)1)可涉及例如基本上连续地将纤维形式的所述第一粘合剂材料喷涂到所述吸收层或其一部分,因此其还存在于所述通道中。
步骤i)2)可涉及连续地或例如以对应通道图案的图案的形式沟槽式涂布或喷涂支撑薄片。然后,由所述方法获得的吸收结构可与不含通道的吸收结构或与由该方法制备的另一吸收结构结合以提供吸收芯。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应被理解为严格限于所引用的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,所公开的量纲“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。
在具体实施方式中引用的所有文件都在相关部分中以引用方式并入本文。任何文献的引用不可解释为是对其作为本发明的现有技术的认可。当本文献中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义冲突时,将以赋予本文献中那个术语的含义或定义为准。
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明,但是对那些本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出许多其它的改变和变型。因此,随附权利要求书旨在涵盖本发明范围内的所有这些改变和变型。

Claims (14)

1.一种具有横向尺寸和纵向尺寸的一次性尿布(1),包括底片(6)、顶片(5)和设置在顶片与底片之间的吸收芯(7),其中所述吸收芯包括至少一个吸收结构(15),所述吸收结构包括基底层(16)和吸收层(17),所述吸收层包含吸收性聚合物颗粒(50),由所述基底层支撑并固定在所述基底层上,所述吸收层具有:
i.横向尺寸(N)和纵向尺寸(M);
ii.在所述纵向尺寸上延伸的一对相对的纵向边缘(18);
iii.在所述横向尺寸上延伸的一对相对的横向边缘(19);
iv.按顺序布置在所述纵向尺寸上的前区、裆区和后区(21,23,22);
v.由垂直于所述吸收结构的中心纵向轴线的平面划分的两个纵向部分;
并且其中所述吸收层包括至少两个通道(26),所述通道基本上不含所述吸收性聚合物颗粒,在所述吸收层的纵向尺寸上延伸穿过所述吸收层的厚度,其中所述吸收层的每个纵向部分包括所述通道之一,并且其中所述通道中的每一个
a.具有至少3mm的宽度或所述吸收层的横向尺寸的宽度的至少4%的宽度;
b.延伸超过所述吸收层的纵向尺寸的至少15%;
c.至少存在于所述裆区或其一部分中;
d.由胶水、超声波或热粘结至所述基底层;
前提条件是所述吸收层不包括在所述裆区中在所述吸收层的横向尺寸上延伸的基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒的通道,并且不包括延伸至所述吸收层的纵向边缘和横向边缘的基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒的通道;
其中所述吸收层不含纤维素;其中所述吸收层中的通道朝向所述一次性尿布穿着者的身体的方向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一次性尿布,其中所述两个通道(26)中的每一个延伸至所述吸收层(17)的纵向尺寸的至多90%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一次性尿布,其中所述裆区中的所述两个通道之间的距离为所述裆区中的所述吸收层的横向尺寸的至少10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一次性尿布,其中所述吸收结构包括一个或多个另外的通道(26’),所述通道基本上不含吸收性聚合物颗粒,在所述吸收层的纵向尺寸或横向尺寸上延伸穿过所述吸收层的厚度,其中所述另外的通道具有至少3mm的宽度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一次性尿布,其中所述另外的通道(26’)分布在所述吸收层的前区和/或后区中。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的一次性尿布,其中所述另外的通道(26’)为纵向通道。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一次性尿布,其中所述通道(26,26’)中的任一个为直通道、倾斜通道、弯曲通道或成角度的通道。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一次性尿布,其中所述吸收芯还包括第二吸收结构(15’),所述第二吸收结构包括第二基底层(16’)、第二吸收层(17’),所述第二吸收层包含吸收性聚合物颗粒(50’)并且不含任何通道。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一次性尿布,其中所述吸收芯还包括如权利要求8所述的第二吸收结构(15’)以形成层压体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一次性尿布,其中所述基底层和第二基底层(16,16’)互为镜像并被结合使得所述第二吸收层的通道(26’)叠加所述吸收层的通道(26)以形成穿过所述层压体的厚度的通道,其中所述基底层(16)和第二基底层片材(16')粘结穿过通道。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的一次性尿布,其中所述吸收结构之一的基底层起伏成所述通道。
12.根据权利要求1所述的一次性尿布,其中所述吸收芯还包括采集系统(12,13)。
13.根据权利要求1所述的一次性尿布,其中所述通道具有6至10mm的宽度。
14.根据权利要求1所述的一次性尿布,其中所述吸收性聚合物颗粒通过热塑性粘合剂材料(40)固定在所述基底层上。
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