CN103607990B - 用于吸收制品的吸收结构 - Google Patents

用于吸收制品的吸收结构 Download PDF

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CN103607990B
CN103607990B CN201280028278.9A CN201280028278A CN103607990B CN 103607990 B CN103607990 B CN 103607990B CN 201280028278 A CN201280028278 A CN 201280028278A CN 103607990 B CN103607990 B CN 103607990B
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passage
absorbing structure
support sheet
absorbed layer
absorbing
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R·罗萨蒂
C·H·克罗伊泽
H·A·杰克尔斯
B·阿里兹蒂
E·G·比安基
D·C·罗伊
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了用于吸收制品的吸收结构(13),其包括由支撑片材(16)支撑的具有包含超吸收性聚合物颗粒的吸收材料(50)的吸收层(17),并且具有不含所述超吸收性聚合物颗粒的第一和第二基本上纵向通道(26),并且包括一种或多种粘合剂材料以固定所述吸收材料(50)。这些通道能够提供改善的贴合性和/或液体采集/传送能力、和/或改善的性能。

Description

用于吸收制品的吸收结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于吸收制品诸如尿布的吸收结构,其包括由支撑片材支撑的具有包含超吸收性聚合物颗粒的吸收材料的吸收层,并且具有不含所述超吸收性聚合物颗粒的第一和第二基本上纵向的通道,并且包括一种或多种粘合剂材料以将所述吸收材料固定到所述支撑片材上。通道可为永久的,即它们的完整性在干燥状态和润湿状态下均至少部分地被保持,并且在吸收结构的整个使用过程中提供改善的贴合性和/或液体采集/传送能力、和/或改善的性能。
背景技术
用于容纳和保留诸如尿液或粪便等身体排出物的一次性吸收制品已为本领域的人们所熟知。这些制品的例子包括一次性尿布1、训练裤和成人失禁制品。通常,一次性尿布包括面向穿着者的身体的液体可透过的顶片、面向穿着者的衣服的液体不可渗透的底片和置于液体可透过的顶片和底片之间的吸收芯。
自从它们被引入市场之后,一次性尿布的相关舒适性、贴合性和功能性已持续得到改善。
一次性吸收制品的重要组件为吸收芯/吸收结构。吸收芯/结构通常包含超吸收聚合物材料,诸如水凝胶形成聚合物材料,也称作吸收胶凝材料即AGM、或超吸收聚合物即SAP。该超吸收聚合物材料确保在其使用期间大量的体液例如尿液能够被所述吸收制品吸收并且被锁藏,由此提供低回渗和良好的皮肤干燥性。
传统上,将超吸收聚合物材料并入到具有纸浆即纤维素纤维的吸收芯结构中。然而,这些年来,人们已作出显著的努力以制成更薄的吸收芯结构,这些吸收芯结构仍然能够采集并贮存大量排放的体液,尤其是尿液。因此,已经建议从吸收芯结构中减少或去除这些纤维素纤维。
在一些情况下,为了保持吸收芯结构的机械稳定性,可例如加入少量的热塑性粘合剂材料,诸如纤维热塑性粘合剂材料,从而稳定化吸收性聚合物材料。结果是,提供了具有所需渗透性/孔隙率、减少的凝胶阻塞,并且在使用或传送中形成稳定结构的吸收结构。
然而,据发现具有减少的纤维素纤维含量的一些吸收芯结构,同时在未加载体液之前是非常薄的,但在部分地加载或满负荷时可具有增加的刚度,尤其是在包括吸收制品的大部分吸收容量的那些区域中,诸如在尿布的前区和裆区中。增加的刚度是不可取的,因为其在穿着时减小了吸收制品的适形于穿着者的身体的能力。因此,仍然需要如下的吸收制品,它们在制品的整个使用期间具有增加的柔韧性,具体地在润湿状态下递送更好的贴合性(同时具有等同的吸收和容纳性能)。
本发明人已令人惊讶地发现,通过提供不含超吸收性聚合物颗粒或不含超吸收聚合物材料的特定的永久通道,获得了改善的液体传送,并且从而在整个吸收结构上获得了更快的采集、和更有效的液体吸收性;即使可使用较少的吸收材料,也能够获得令人惊讶地改善的性能。通过固定吸收材料或通道(通过使用粘合剂来固定),通道更为永久的,并且在吸收结构的使用期间保留通道,例如当向吸收结构施加摩擦时,或当吸收结构被润湿因而吸收材料膨胀时。此外,本发明人还发现,通过例如在吸收芯/结构的前区中,和/或在吸收芯/结构的裆区中提供此类通道,提供了具有增加的柔韧性的尿布,同时其在整个使用过程中令人惊讶地保持其性能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于吸收制品诸如尿布1的吸收结构13,其包括支撑片材16和支撑在其上的吸收层17;所述吸收层17包含吸收材料50,所述吸收材料包括至少超吸收聚合物材料和任选地纤维素材料(其可基本上仅包括所述超吸收材料,并因此不包括纤维素材料);所述吸收结构13和吸收层17具有纵向尺寸和平均长度、以及横向尺寸和平均宽度、以及高度;所述吸收层17具有纵向轴线和与其垂直的横向轴线;并且所述吸收层17具有在所述纵向轴线的一侧上的第一纵向延伸的侧部20、和在所述纵向轴线的另一侧上的第二纵向延伸的侧部20;并且所述吸收结构13及其所述吸收层17具有前区、后区以及位于它们之间的裆区,它们各自按顺序布置在所述纵向尺寸上;
其中所述吸收层17具有存在于所述第一侧部20中的至少第一基本上纵向延伸的通道26、和存在于所述第二侧部20中的第二基本上纵向延伸的通道26,所述通道26基本上不含所述超吸收聚合物材料,或例如不含任何吸收材料50,并且延伸穿过所述吸收层17的所述高度;并且其中所述吸收结构13包括一种或多种粘合剂材料40;60以至少部分地将所述吸收层17固定到所述支撑片材16上。
吸收层17具有横向尺寸和平均宽度W、纵向尺寸和平均长度L;并且通常,每个通道26均具有平均宽度W’,其为W的至少4%并且为所述吸收层17的平均宽度W的至多25%;并且每个通道26均具有例如平均长度L’,其为L的5%至L的80%;或例如,W’为W的至少7%,并且优选为W的至多20%,或至多15%;和/或W’为至少5mm并且至多例如20mm。
为了避免向侧部渗漏,所述通道26不延伸至所述吸收层17的任何纵向侧边缘18或横向前边缘19或后边缘19。例如,为了改善贴合性并提供液体传送能力,所述通道26存在于所述裆区中,并且例如也存在于前区中,并且任选地存在于所述后区中。
在一些实施例中,通道26不与纵向轴线重合。在一些实施例中,所述两个通道26之间的最小横向距离为W的至少5%,优选至少10%W。
在本文的一些优选的实施例中,所述一种或多种粘合剂材料包括第一粘合剂材料40,一旦所述吸收层17存在于所述支撑片材16上,所述第一粘合剂材料就被施用到所述层或其一部分,优选地所述第一粘合剂材料为热塑性纤维粘合剂材料。
作为另外一种选择或除此之外,在本文的一些优选的实施例中,所述一种或多种粘合剂材料包括存在于所述支撑片材16和所述吸收层17之间的第二粘合剂材料60,优选地在所述吸收层17或其吸收材料50沉积到所述支撑片材16上之前,第二粘合剂材料被施用到所述支撑片材16或其一部分。
例如,所述一种或多种粘合剂40;60至少存在于所述通道26中,并且其中所述支撑片材16折叠成所述通道26或它们的一部分,并且其中所述支撑片材16附着到所述吸收材料50,所述吸收材料形成所述通道26的基本上纵向壁或所述壁的一部分。
本发明也涉及一种吸收芯7,其包括如本文所述的吸收结构13,这是第一吸收结构13;并且包括邻近所述吸收层17存在的另外的材料,所述另外的材料选自:i)另外的支撑片材16和/或ii)采集材料层70;iii)第二吸收结构13;13’,其包括第二支撑片材16’和第二吸收层17’,其中所述第二吸收层17’和第一结构13的所述吸收层17夹置在第一结构的所述支撑片材16和所述第二支撑片材16’之间,任选地所述第二吸收结构13根据前述权利要求中任一项所述。
因此,第二吸收结构13也可为无通道26的吸收结构13(如例如图2B、9、10和11所示),或其可为本发明的吸收结构13;因此所述第二吸收结构13的所述通道26可例如基本上与所述第一吸收结构13的所述通道26相同,并且基本上与它们完全重叠。
在本文的一些实施例中,第一结构的支撑片材16和/或所述第二支撑片材16;16’折叠成所述通道26或它们的一部分,并且所述一种或多种粘合剂材料至少存在于所述通道26或它们的一部分中,并且其中所述支撑片材16;16’在所述通道26中由所述一种或多种粘合剂材料附着到彼此。
可向吸收结构的支撑片材,或向另外的材料,或向第二吸收结构的另外的支撑片材16’,或它们的组合施加压力;例如可将所述压力选择性地施加到对应于所述通道26的支撑片材16’16’部分上,从而(进一步)将所述支撑片材16折叠成所述通道26,并且任选地有助于将所述支撑片材16在所述通道26中粘结到通道的壁或所述另外的材料/第二支撑片材16’。
本发明也涉及一种吸收制品诸如尿布1,其包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收结构13或吸收芯7。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的尿布1的平面图。
图2A示出了本发明的吸收结构13的透视图。
图2B示出了用于本文的可供选择的吸收层17的透视图。
图2C示出了可与本发明的吸收结构13组合的吸收结构13的透视图。
图3A示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收层17的透视图。
图3B示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收结构13的透视图。
图4A示出了用于本文的可供选择的吸收层17的透视图。
图4B示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收层17的透视图。
图5示出了本发明的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图6示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图7示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图8示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图9示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图10示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图11示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图12示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图13示出了本发明的可供选择的吸收芯7的剖视图。
图14示出了形成本发明的吸收芯7的方法/设备,所述吸收芯包括两个本发明的吸收结构。
具体实施方式
定义
“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳身体流出物的装置,并且更具体地是指与穿着者的身体紧贴或邻近放置以吸收和容纳由身体排放的各种流出物的装置。吸收制品可包括成人和婴儿尿布1,包括裤诸如婴儿训练裤和成人失禁内衣、和女性卫生制品诸如卫生巾和卫生护垫和成人失禁护垫、以及胸垫、护理垫、围兜、伤口敷料产品等。吸收制品还可包括地板清洁制品、食品工业制品等。如本文所用,术语“体液”或“身体流出物”包括但不限于尿液、血液、阴道分泌物、乳汁、汗液和粪便。
如本文所用,“尿布1”是指旨在紧贴穿着者的皮肤放置以吸收和容纳从身体排出的各种流出物的装置。尿布1一般由婴儿和失禁人员围绕下体穿着,以便环绕穿着者的腰部和腿部。尿布1的例子包括婴儿或成人尿布1以及裤型尿布1诸如训练裤。如本文所用,术语“训练裤”是指为婴儿或成人穿着者设计的具有腰部开口和腿部开口的一次性衣服。通过将穿着者的腿伸入腿部开口并将裤提拉到围绕穿着者下体的适当位置,可将裤穿到使用者身上的适当位置。裤可使用任何合适的方法来预成形,所述方法包括但不限于利用可重复扣紧的和/或不可重复扣紧的粘结(例如,缝合、焊接、粘合剂、内聚粘合、扣件等)将制品的各部分连接在一起。沿制品圆周的任何地方可对裤预成形(例如,侧扣紧、前腰区扣紧)。
本文使用“一次性的”来描述一般不旨在被洗涤或换句话讲不旨在被恢复或重新使用的制品(即它们在单次使用后即被丢弃,并且可被回收再循环、堆肥处理或以环境相容的方式处理)。
如本文所用,“吸收结构13”是指用于吸收和容纳液体诸如尿液的三维结构。吸收结构13可为吸收制品的吸收结构13或可为吸收制品的吸收芯7的仅一部分,即吸收芯7的吸收组件,如本文将进一步描述的。
如本文所用,“超吸收聚合物材料”是指基本上水不溶性的聚合物材料;如使用“离心保留容量”测试(Edana441.2-01)来测量,所述材料能够吸收至少10倍(并且通常至少15倍或至少20倍)其自身重量的软化水中的0.9%盐水溶液。
如本文所用,“非织造材料”是指定向或任意取向的纤维的纤维网,不包括纸材和掺入接结纱或长丝的织造产品、针织产品、簇成产品、缝编产品、或湿磨法毡化的产品,无论是否另外被针刺。非织造材料及其制备工艺已为本领域的人们所知。一般来讲,制备非织造材料的工艺包括在成型表面上铺设纤维,其包括纺丝法、熔喷法、粗梳法、气流成网、湿法成网、共成形以及它们的组合。这些纤维可源于天然纤维或人造纤维,并且可为人造短纤维或连续长丝或者可原位形成。
吸收结构13
本文的吸收结构13包括支撑片材16,所述支撑片材具有吸收材料50的吸收层17。吸收材料50包括至少超吸收聚合物材料和任选地纤维素材料,诸如纤维素,例如纸浆、或改性纤维素。
吸收结构13也包括一种或多种下文进一步描述的粘合剂材料。吸收层17为三维的,并且包括第一基本上纵向通道26和第二基本上纵向通道26,这些通道基本上不含所述超吸收聚合物材料。其它材料可存在于所述通道26中,如下文进一步描述的,例如所述一种或多种粘合剂材料40;60。
吸收结构13和吸收层17各自具有纵向尺寸和平均长度L,例如在该结构或层的纵向尺寸上延伸;以及横向尺寸和平均宽度W,例如在该结构或层的横向尺寸上延伸。吸收结构13和吸收层17各自具有前区(在使用中朝向使用者的前部)、后区(在使用中朝向使用者的后部)、以及位于它们之间的裆区,它们各自延伸该结构/层的全横向宽度,并且各自具有该结构/层的平均长度的1/3。
吸收结构13和吸收层17各自具有中心纵向轴线X、垂直于所述中心纵向轴线X的中心横向轴线Y;所述吸收层17和所述吸收结构13各自具有在该结构或层的纵向尺寸上延伸的一对相对的纵向侧边缘和一对相对的横向边缘19,例如在使用中朝向使用者(穿着者)前部的前横向边缘、和在使用中朝向使用者后部的后横向边缘。吸收结构13或吸收层17的纵向侧边缘18和/或横向边缘19可分别平行于中心纵向轴线和/或中心横向轴线,或一个或多个可为曲线的,并且例如在裆区中提供更窄的横向尺寸。通常,纵向侧边缘在纵向X轴线上互为镜像。
吸收层17的中心纵向X轴线分别限定吸收层17的第一和第二纵向侧部20,它们在本文中称作纵向侧部20。所述纵向侧部中的每一个因此存在于所述前区、裆区和后区中,并且因此存在第一纵向部分的前区、和第二纵向部分的前区等。在本文的一些实施例中,吸收层17的所述纵向部分在该层的X轴线上互为镜像。
吸收层17包括至少第一通道26和第二通道26,这些通道基本上不含(例如不含)所述超吸收性聚合物颗粒,所述通道26延伸穿过吸收层17的厚度(高度)。(应当理解,偶尔可能有少量可忽略的超吸收性聚合物颗粒存在于通道中,但这不助于总体功能)。当吸收层17包含纤维素类材料或纤维素时,在一些实施例中可优选的是,所述第一和第二通道26也不含此类纤维素类/纤维素材料。
第一通道26存在于吸收层17的所述第一纵向侧部中,并且第二通道26存在于吸收层17的所述第二纵向侧部中。
第一和第二通道26各自基本上纵向延伸,这通常意味着每个通道26在纵向尺寸上比在横向尺寸上延伸得更多,并且通常在纵向尺寸上的延伸量是在横向尺寸上的延伸量的至少两倍。
因此,这包括完全纵向的且平行于所述吸收层17的纵向(即平行于所述纵向轴线)的通道26;并且这包括可为弯曲的通道26,前提条件是曲率半径通常至少等于吸收层的平均横向尺寸(并且优选至少1.5或至少2.0倍的该平均横向尺寸);并且这包括直的但与平行于纵向轴线的线成(例如5°)至多30°,或例如至多20°,或至多10°的角度的通道26。这也可包括在其中具有角度的通道,前提条件是介于通道的两个部分之间的所述角度为至少120°,优选至少150°;并且在这些情况中的任一种情况下,前提条件是通道的纵向延伸量大于横向延伸量。
在一些实施例中,可在至少所述裆区中不存在完全或基本上横向通道,或根本不存在此类通道。
所述第一和第二通道26中的每一个可具有平均宽度W’,所述平均宽度为所述吸收层17的平均宽度W的至少4%,或例如W’为W的至少7%;和/或例如为W的至多25%或W的至多15%;和/或例如至少5mm;并且例如至多25mm,或例如至多15mm。
所述第一和第二通道26中的每一个可具有平均长度L’,其可例如为所述吸收层17的平均长度L的至多80%;如果通道26仅位于前区中,或仅位于裆区中,或仅位于后区中,则L’为例如L的至多25%,或L的至多20%,和/或L’为例如L的至少5%,或L的至少10%;和/或L’为例如至少10mm,或至少20mm;如果通道26在所述裆区和前区、和任选地后区中延伸,则L’为例如L的至多80%,或L的至多70%,和/或L’为例如L的至少40%,或L的至少50%。如果通道不平行于纵向轴线,则通道的长度L’为通过对纵向轴线投影所测量的长度。
通道26通常可为所谓的“永久的”通道26。所谓永久的是指在干燥状态和润湿状态下,包括在由穿着者对它们施加摩擦期间,通道26的完整性至少部分地被保持。下述“湿通道完整性测试”能够用来测试通道在润湿饱和之后是否是永久的以及至什么程度。
永久通道26可通过提供一种或多种粘合剂材料来获得,所述粘合剂材料将所述吸收材料50、和/或所述通道26,例如或所述吸收层17固定到所述通道26或它们的一部分中、和/或将所述支撑片材16固定到所述通道26或它们的一部分中。本发明的吸收芯7可包括具体地永久通道,所述通道通过经由这些通道粘结第一支撑片材16和第二支撑片材(16’)而形成,如例如图7和图13中示例性地所示。通常,可使用胶经由通道来粘结这两种支撑片材,但也有可能经由其它已知的方法例如超声波粘结、或热粘结来进行粘结。可沿通道连续地粘结或间歇地粘结支撑层。
实际上,本发明人已观察到此类通道提供快速液体采集,这减少了渗漏风险。永久通道帮助避免吸收层在流体排放区中发生饱和(此类饱和增加渗漏风险)。此外,本发明人还令人惊讶地发现,与所预期的情况形成对比的是,尽管减少了吸收结构中的超吸收聚合物材料的总量(通过提供不含此类材料的通道),但改善了吸收结构或尿布的流体处理性能。永久通道也具有如下其它优点:在润湿状态下,吸收材料不能够在芯内移动因而保留在其预期位置,因此提供更好的贴合性和流体吸收性。
例如,相对于具有相同量的AGM和胶但不具有通道的类似的芯,根据对如图4A所示的具有包括永久通道的两个吸收层的芯所作的WAIIT测试,本发明人比较了润湿状态下的AGM损耗量。
简单地讲,所述WAIIT测试测定润湿状况下的芯中的非固定吸收颗粒材料的量。在该测试中,将吸收芯润湿至73%容量,并且在其中部在横向上进行切割,并且使其从预定高度坠落并测量材料损耗。关于该测试的更多信息可见于US2008/0312622A1。
结果是本发明的芯具有87%的AGM的“湿固定作用”(标准偏差=5%),这与无通道的对比芯的65%的“湿固定作用”(标准偏差=5%)形成对比。在该实例中,通过用粘合剂将所述两个支撑片材粘结在通道中而使通道成为永久的,所述粘结使用两层热塑性纤维粘合剂(Fuller1151,以5gsm施用两次)和一层热熔融粘合剂(Fuller1358,以5gsm施用)。
湿通道完整性测试
该测试被设计成在润湿饱和之后检查通道的完整性。能够直接对吸收结构或对包括该吸收结构的吸收芯进行测试。
1.在干燥状态下测量通道的长度(以毫米计)(如果通道不是直的,则测量穿过通道中部的曲线长度)。
2.然后将吸收结构或芯浸没在5升浓度为9.00g NaCl/1000ml溶液的合成尿液“盐水溶液”中,所述盐水溶液是通过将适量的氯化钠溶解在蒸馏水中而制备的。该溶液的温度必须为20+/-5℃。
3.在该盐水溶液中浸没1分钟之后,取出吸收结构或芯并抓住其一端竖直地保持5秒以沥干溶液,然后将其平展在水平表面上,使面向衣服侧向下(如果该侧为可识别的)。如果吸收结构或芯包括拉伸元件,则将吸收吸收结构或芯在X和Y尺寸上均拉紧使得观察不到收缩。将吸收结构或芯的端部/边缘固定到所述水平表面,使得无收缩可发生。
4.将吸收结构或芯用适宜重量的刚性板覆盖,所述板具有如下尺寸:长度等于吸收结构或芯的延伸长度,并且宽度等于横向上的最大吸收结构或芯宽度。
5.将18.0kPa的压力施加到上述刚性板区域上并持续30秒。基于刚性板所涵盖的总面积来计算压力。通过在刚性板的几何中心放置附加砝码来获得压力,使得刚性板和附加砝码的合并重量在刚性板的总面积上导致18.0kPa的压力。
6.在30秒之后,移除附加砝码和刚性板。
7.紧接其后,测量保持未受损的通道的各部分的累积长度(以毫米计;如果通道不是直的,则测量穿过通道中部的曲线长度)。如果没有通道的部分保持未受损,则通道不是永久的。
8.通过如下方式来计算永久通道的完整性百分比:将保持未受损的通道的各部分的累积长度除以处于干燥状态的通道的长度,然后将所得商乘以100。
有利的是,按照该测试,根据本发明的永久通道具有至少20%,或30%,或40%,或50%,或60,或70%,或80%,或90%的完整性百分比。
如例如图5和9所示,一种或多种粘合剂材料60可存在于所述支撑片材16和所述吸收层17或其一些部分之间(例如在本文中称作“第二粘合剂材料”)。例如,将粘合剂材料施用到旨在与通道26重合的所述支撑片材16的部分,使得在所述通道中,支撑片材能够用所述粘合剂粘结到通道的壁或其一部分或粘结到另外的材料,如本文所述;和/或可将粘合剂施用到旨在与吸收材料50重合的支撑片材16的部分,从而固定所述材料并避免其大量迁移到所述通道中;粘合剂可施用到支撑片材16的基本上整个表面区域上,例如基本上连续地和/或匀质地施用。其可为例如通过印刷、槽式涂布或喷涂而施用的热熔融粘合剂。
除此之外或作为另外一种选择,吸收结构13还可包括施用到已经由所述支撑片材16支撑的所述吸收层17或其一部分上的一种或多种粘合剂材料40(在本文中称作“第一粘合剂材料”),例如在所述吸收材料50与所述支撑片材组合/沉积在所述支撑片材16上以形成吸收层17之后。其可例如为热塑性纤维粘合剂,如下文所述。在一些实施例中,其可被连续地施用到吸收层17上,因此施用到吸收材料50上和通道26中,从而固定吸收层并且任选地也将支撑片材附着在所述通道中,如上所述。这例如图5至11中所示。
应当理解,第一和第二粘合剂材料可为相同类型的粘合剂,例如作为热塑性热熔融粘合剂,例如如下所述,第一和第二之间的差别因此在于其被施用的位置。
在一些实施例中,所述一种或多种粘合剂材料至少存在于通道26中,例如至少所述第一粘合剂材料,或所述第一和第二粘合剂材料这两者。其可因此存在于通道26的纵向壁上(延伸吸收层17的高度和其长度)。如果支撑片材16材料折叠成所述通道26或它们的一部分,例如支撑片材16在所述通道26或它们的一部分中具有起伏部,则所述起伏部可固定到所述壁或其一部分,从而确保通道26在使用期间被保持(至少部分地保持)。这例如图10和11中所示。
第一和第二通道26可关于吸收层17/结构的中心纵向轴线(X轴线)互为镜像。
在一些实施例中,且如例如附图中所示,不存在与所述吸收层17的所述纵向轴线重合的通道26。通道26可在它们的整个纵向尺寸上彼此间隔开。最小间隔距离D可例如为层的平均横向尺寸W的至少5%,或例如W的至少10%,或W的至少15%;或例如可为例如至少5mm,或例如至少8mm。
此外,为了减小流体渗漏风险,纵向主通道26通常不延伸至吸收层17的任何横向边缘19和/或纵向边缘18,也如例如附图所示。通常,通道26和最近的纵向边缘之间的最小距离I相当于W的至少5%,或例如相当于W的至少10%。在一些实施例中,该距离为例如至少10mm;通道和吸收层17的最近的横向边缘19之间的最小距离F可例如为该层的平均长度L的至少5%。
吸收结构可包括仅两个通道,例如仅在前区中,例如图2B中所示,或例如在中心(裆)区中,并且任选地延伸到前区和/或后区中,诸如图2A中所示。
吸收结构13可包括多于两个的此类通道26,例如至少4个,或至少5个或至少6个。这些中的一些或全部可基本上彼此平行,例如均为直的且完全纵向的,和/或两个或更多个或全部均可在纵向轴线上互为镜像,或两个或更多个可为弯曲的或成角度的并且例如在纵向轴线上互为镜像,并且两个或更多个可为以不同方式弯曲的或直的,并且例如在纵向轴线上互为镜像。这例如图3A和3B中所示。
例如,吸收层17的前区可包括两个或更多个通道26,它们通常在该层的纵向轴线上互为镜像;并且裆区可包括两个或更多个通道26,它们通常在该层的纵向轴线上互为镜像,例如图4A中所示,并且后者可任选地延伸到前区和/或后区中,具有任何适用的尺寸和上述其它特性。任选地,另外的通道可存在于后区中,例如两个,例如图4B中所示。
第一和第二通道26、和任选地另外的通道26可定位在所述吸收层17中,使得存在中心纵向条,所述中心纵向条与不含任何通道26的所述纵向轴线重合;所述吸收材料50优选基本上连续地存在于所述条中。例如,所述条可具有最小宽度D,所述最小宽度为W的至少5%,或W的至少10%,和/或例如至少5mm,或至少10mm或至少15mm,和/或甚至至多40mm。
在一些实施例中,在介于两个相邻通道26之间的所述中心纵向条中,吸收材料50的平均基重或所述超吸收聚合物材料的平均基重为至少350,并且例如至多1000g/m2,或例如450g/m2,并且例如至多750g/m2
在一些优选的实施例中,邻近每个第一和第二通道,并且任选地邻近所述另外的通道,所述吸收材料50基本上连续地存在。
吸收结构13通常包括一种或多种另外的材料(例如另外的材料层)以覆盖吸收层17,它们在本文中称作另外的材料;为了避免任何怀疑,这不是由粘合剂材料组成的层,然而所述另外的材料可为包括粘合剂的层,例如在旨在接触本文的吸收结构13的吸收层17的表面上。因此,所述另外的材料可在旨在邻近吸收结构13的所述吸收层17放置的表面上包括粘合剂材料。
所得结构在本文中称作“吸收芯7”。其例子示于图5至13中。
该另外的材料可为另外的吸收结构13’,其具有第二吸收层17’和第二支撑片材16’,使得这两个吸收层17,17’均夹置在所述支撑片材16;16’之间;这可为本发明另外的吸收结构13’,其具有两个或更多个通道26’,如本文所述且例如图5、6、7、8中所示;或这可为如本文所述但无通道的吸收结构,例如图9中所示;和/或其可为如本文所述但无粘合剂的吸收结构。
第二吸收结构13’可与第一吸收结构13相同,或它们两者均可为具有本发明的通道26;26’的吸收结构,但它们可为不同的,例如具有不同的通道、不同数目的通道(例如图8中所示)、不同的粘合剂、不同的粘合剂施用或它们的组合。
第一吸收结构13的通道26或那些中的一些以及第二吸收结构13’的通道26’或那些中的一些可彼此重合和重叠;例如完全或例如仅部分地重合和仅部分地重叠;或通道26;26’中的一些或全部可甚至不彼此重合且不彼此重叠。在一些实施例中,它们大约彼此相同,并且一个结构的通道26基本上完全重合并重叠另一个结构的通道26。这例如图12中所示。
在一些实施例中,所述另外的材料可为支撑片材16的一部分,所述部分被折叠到吸收层17上并切随后沿周边边缘密封,从而包封吸收层17。
在一些实施例中,所述另外的材料为另外的支撑片材16’,即吸收结构13被另外的支撑片材16’覆盖,所述吸收层随后夹置在所述两个支撑片材之间。
在一些实施例中,所述另外的材料可为采集材料层70和/或采集片材12,例如密封到所述支撑片材16。在一些实施例中,所述另外的材料包括另外的吸收结构,例如上述那些中的任一种,或另外的支撑片材16’,并且随后与采集材料层70组合,以及任选地另外的采集片材12。这例如图11中所示。
所述另外的材料也可为邻近所述吸收层17存在的采集材料层70,采集材料层70优选包含化学交联的纤维素纤维,并且该采集材料层支撑在第二支撑片材16’上。吸收层17和采集材料层70随后可夹置在第一结构的所述支撑片材16和所述第二支撑片材16’之间,如图12中示例性所示。采集材料层70也可另外包括通道26’,这些通道具体地基本上完全与所述第一吸收结构13的通道26重叠,如图13所示。
第一结构的支撑片材16和/或采集材料层70的第二支撑片材16’可折叠成第一吸收结构13的通道26和/或任选地折叠成采集材料层70(如果存在)的通道26’或这些通道26,26’的一部分。所述一种或多种粘合剂材料可至少存在于通道26,26’或它们的一部分中,并且支撑片材16;16’可在所述通道26,26’中由这些粘合剂材料中的一种或多种附着到彼此。另一种第二粘合剂60’可存在于第二支撑片材16’和采集材料层70之间。除了热塑性粘合剂40以外,另一种粘合剂(未示出)可放置在采集材料层70和吸收层17之间,从而更好地改善这两个层的粘附性。
在这些情况中的任一种情况下,所述另外的材料随后可沿其周边边缘密封到支撑片材16,从而包封吸收层17;任选地17’。
在这些情况中的任一种情况下,支撑片材16或采集层/片材可折叠成(即起伏成)所述通道26或它们的一部分。这例如图6、7、8中所示。
其可在所述通道26中附着到本发明的吸收结构13的支撑片材16,例如由粘合剂材料附着,如本文所述。作为另外一种选择或除此之外,其还可附着到通道26和/或26’的壁或它们的一部分。
在一些实施例中,吸收结构13包括此类重叠所述吸收层17的另外的材料,并且将压力部件在与所述通道26和/或26’重合的那些部分中选择性地施加到所述支撑片材16和/或施加到所述另外的材料,从而将所述支撑片材16和/或所述另外的材料与所述通道26和/或26’重合到吸收结构13的所述通道和/或加压到另外的(第二)吸收结构13’(如果存在)的通道中(因此:加压到通道26和/或26’(如果存在)中),从而帮助配制所述起伏部和/或帮助将所述另外的材料和所述支撑片材16在所述通道26和/或26’中附着到彼此,如果粘合剂材料如本文所述地存在的话。
该压力部件可为具有凸起部分的压力辊,所述凸起部分具有基本上所述通道26和/或26’的尺寸、形状、图案,所述尺寸、形状、图案能够重合(即:配合)支撑片材16的所述部分或与所述通道26和/或26’重合的另外的材料。
在一些实施例中,所述另外的(例如第二)支撑片材16’可宽于吸收结构以使得第二支撑片材16’能够折叠成通道26和/或26’或它们的一部分,并且从而优选附着到第一支撑片材16。这例如图6、7和8中所示。
在其中吸收芯7包括两个(或更多个)吸收结构13;13’(它们包括本文所述的通道26;26’)的实施例中,一个吸收结构13的通道26中的一个或两个,或更多个,或全部可基本上叠加在邻近吸收结构13’的通道26’上。因而所得吸收芯7为吸收结构13’;13’与通道(26;26’)的层压体,其中通道26;26’本上延伸穿过吸收层17;17’的厚度。这例如图12中所示。
除此之外或作为另外一种选择,一个吸收结构13的一个或两个,或更多个,或全部通道26可不叠加在邻近吸收结构13’的通道26’上;它们可例如与邻近结构的通道26互补。所谓互补是指第二吸收结构13’的通道26’形成第一吸收结构13的通道26的延伸部。
在一些实施例中,吸收芯7可包括两个或更多个吸收结构13,其中的一个为本发明的结构,并且一个为具有支撑片材16’的吸收结构13,所述支撑片材在其上具有无通道和/或无粘合剂的吸收层17’(具有超吸收聚合物材料)。
如果第二吸收结构13’存在于吸收芯7中,则其可按如上所述的方式并出于上述原因包括一种或多种粘合剂。
例如,其可存在使得其与至少第一吸收结构13的通道26重合,和/或与其通道26’(如果存在)重合。
吸收材料50
吸收层17包括吸收材料50,所述吸收材料包括超吸收聚合物材料(例如颗粒),所述材料任选地与纤维素材料(包括例如纤维素、呈纤维形式的粉碎的木浆)组合。上述另外的材料(例如另外的即第二吸收结构13’可包括吸收材料,并且以下说明对其也是适用的。
在一些实施例中,吸收材料50可包括至少60%,或至少70重量%的超吸收聚合物材料、和至多40%或最多30%的纤维素材料。
在一些其它实施例中,吸收层17包括吸收材料50,所述吸收材料基本上由吸收聚合物材料例如颗粒组成,例如,存在小于5重量%(的吸收材料50)的纤维素材料;并且所述吸收层17/吸收结构13可不含纤维素材料。
通常,超吸收聚合物材料为颗粒的形式。适用于吸收层17的可包括从超吸收材料的文献所了解到的任何超吸收性聚合物颗粒,例如描述于Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology,F.L.Buchholz,A.T.Graham,Wiley1998。吸收性聚合物颗粒可为球形、类似球形或不规则形状的颗粒,诸如维也纳香肠形状的颗粒,或通常通过反向相悬浮液聚合获得的那种椭圆体形状的颗粒。所述颗粒也能够任选地至少在某种程度上聚焦以形成更大的不规则颗粒。
在本文的一些实施例中,总体吸收材料50和/或所述粒状超吸收聚合物材料具有至少高吸附容量,例如具有例如至少20g/g,或30g/g的离心保留容量。上限可为例如至多150g/g,或至多100g/g。
在本文的一些实施例中,吸收材料50包括或由超吸收性聚合物颗粒组成,所述颗粒由聚丙烯酸聚合物/聚丙烯酸酯聚合物形成,例如具有60%至90%,或约75%的中和度,具有例如钠抗衡离子。
超吸收聚合物可为内部和/或表面交联的聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯酸聚合物。合适的材料描述于PCT专利申请WO07/047598或例如WO07/046052或例如WO2009/155265和WO2009/155264中。在一些实施例中,合适的超吸收性聚合物颗粒可通过当前技术水平的生产工艺来获得,如更具体地描述于WO2006/083584中。超吸收聚合物优选为内部交联的,即在具有两种或更多种可聚合基团的化合物的存在下进行聚合,所述化合物能够自由基共聚到聚合物网络中。有用的交联剂包括例如如EP-A530438中所述的乙二醇二(甲基丙烯酸酯)、二甘醇二丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、四烯丙氧基乙烷;如EP-A547847、EP-A559476、EP-A632068、WO93/21237、WO03/104299、WO03/104300、WO03/104301和DE-A10331450中所述的二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯;如DE-A10331456和DE-A10355401中所述的混合的丙烯酸酯(其不仅包括丙烯酸酯基团,还包括烯键式不饱和基团);或如例如DE-A19543368、DE-A19646484、WO90/15830和WO02/32962中所述的交联剂混合物;以及WO2009/155265中所述的交联剂。超吸收性聚合物颗粒可为外部表面交联的,或:后交联的)。有用的后交联剂包括含有两个或更多个能够与所述聚合物的羧酸酯基团形成共价键的基团的化合物。有用的化合物包括例如如EP-A083022、EP-A543303和EP-A937736中所述的烷氧基甲硅烷基化合物、聚氮丙啶、聚胺、聚酰氨基胺、二缩水甘油基或聚缩水甘油基化合物;如DE-C3314019中所述的多元醇;如DE-A4020780中所述的环状碳酸酯;如DE-A19807502中所述的2-唑烷酮及其衍生物(诸如N-(2-羟基乙基)-2-唑烷酮);如DE-A19807992中所述的二-和聚-2-唑烷酮;如DE-A19854573中所述的2-氧代四氢-1,3-嗪及其衍生物;如DE-A19854574中所述的N-酰基-2-唑烷酮;如DE-A10204937中所述的环脲;如DE-A10334584中所述的二环的酰胺缩醛;如EP-A1199327中所述的氧杂环丁烷和环脲;以及如WO03/031482中所述的吗啉-2,3-二酮及其衍生物。
超吸收聚合物或它们的颗粒可具有表面改性特征,诸如为涂覆的或部分地涂覆有涂层剂。涂覆的吸收性聚合物颗粒的例子公开于WO2009/155265中。涂层剂可为如下涂层剂,其使得吸收性聚合物颗粒更具亲水性。例如,其可为亲水性(即>,热解的)二氧化硅,诸如硅胶。涂层剂可为聚合物,诸如弹性聚合物或成膜聚合物或弹性成膜聚合物,其在所述颗粒上形成弹性体(弹性)膜涂层。所述涂层可为吸收性聚合物颗粒的表面上的匀质和/或均匀涂层。涂层剂可按0.1%至5%的含量来施用。
超吸收性聚合物颗粒可具有在45μm至4000μm范围内的粒度,更具体地,粒度分布在45μm至约2000μm,或约100μm至约1000或至850μm的范围内。颗粒形式的材料的粒度分布可如本领域已知的那样测定,例如通过干筛分析法(EDANA420.02“Particle Size distribution)来测定。
在本文的一些实施例中,超吸收材料为颗粒的形式,所述颗粒具有至多2mm,或介于50微米和2mm之间或至1mm,或优选100或200或300或400或500μm,或至1000或至800或至700μm的质量中值粒度;所述质量中值粒度可例如通过例如EP-A-0691133中所述的方法来测量。在本发明的一些实施例中,超吸收聚合物材料为颗粒的形式,所述颗粒中的至少80重量%为具有介于50μm和1200μm之间的尺寸并且具有介于上述任何范围组合之间的质量中值粒度的颗粒。此外,或在本发明的另一个实施例中,所述颗粒为大致上球形的。在本发明的另一个或附加实施例中,超吸收聚合物材料具有相对窄范围的粒度,例如其中大部分(例如至少80%或优选至少90%或甚至至少95重量%)的颗粒具有介于50μm和1000μm之间,优选介于100μm和800μm之间,并且更优选介于200μm和600μm之间的粒度。
支撑片材16;16’
本文的吸收结构13包括支撑片材16,所述吸收材料50支撑并固定在所述支撑片材上。所述另外的材料可为或包括支撑片材16’,并且以下说明也适用于这种片材16’。
该支撑片材16可为单个片材或材料纤维网,所述材料纤维网随后被分成各个吸收结构13,具体地纸材、膜、机织织物或非织造织物、或这些中任一种的层压体。
在本文的一些实施例中,支撑片材16为非织造织物,例如非织造纤维网,诸如梳理非织造织物、纺粘非织造织物或熔喷非织造织物,并且包括这些中任一种的非织造层压体。
这些纤维可具有天然的或人造的来源,并且可为人造短纤维或连续长丝或为原位形成的纤维。可商购获得的纤维具有通常在小于约0.001mm至大于约0.2mm范围内的直径,并且它们呈现为若干种不同的形式:短纤维(称作化学短纤维或短切纤维)、连续单纤维(长丝或单丝)、无捻连续长丝束(丝束)、和加捻连续长丝束(纱线)。所述纤维可为双组分纤维,例如具有片-芯排列,例如具有形成所述片和所述芯的不同的聚合物。非织造织物可通过许多方法诸如熔喷法、纺粘法、溶液纺丝、静电纺纱和粗梳法来形成。非织造织物的基重通常以克/平方米(gsm)表示。
本文的非织造材料可由亲水性纤维制成;“亲水性”描述了纤维或纤维的表面,它们可被沉积在这些纤维上的含水流体(例如含水体液)润湿。亲水性和可润湿性通常根据流体例如通过非织造织物的接触角和透湿时间来定义。在由Robert F.Gould编辑的名称为“Contact angle,wettability and adhesion”的American Chemical Society出版物(1964版权所有)中对此进行了详细讨论。当流体与纤维或纤维表面之间的接触角小于90°时,或者当流体趋于在纤维表面上自发铺开时(两种情况通常共存),就说纤维或纤维表面被流体润湿(即亲水的)。相反,如果接触角大于90°并且流体不能在整个纤维表面上自发铺展,则纤维或纤维表面被认为是疏水的。
本文的支撑片材16可为透气的。因此用于本文的膜可包括微孔。本文的非织造材料可为例如透气的。支撑片材16可具有例如40或50至300或至200m3/(m2×min)的透气率,所述透气率通过EDANA方法140-1-99(125Pa,38.3cm2)测定。作为另外一种选择,支撑片材16可具有更低的透气率,例如为非透气的,从而例如更好地滞留在包括真空的移动的表面上。
在优选的实施方式中,支撑片材16为例如SMS或SMMS类型的非织造层压体材料、非织造层压体纤维网。
为了容易地形成所述起伏部,支撑片材16可具有小于60gsm,或例如小于50gsm,例如5gsm至40gsm,或至30gsm的基重。
支撑片材16可具有CD延展性或MD延展性。
在本文的一个实施例中,支撑片材16具有起伏部,所述起伏部折叠(起伏)成所述第一和第二通道26中,并且任选地折叠成所述另外的通道或它们的一部分。例如这些起伏部可在通道的约全纵向尺寸上延伸;它们可例如延伸至吸收层17/通道的完全平均高度,或例如仅其至多75%,或吸收层17/通道的平均高度的至多50%。这帮助邻近所述各层的所述通道26和所述通道26固定吸收材料50。
起伏部可用所述一种或多种粘合剂材料例如所述第二粘合剂材料附着到所述通道26的所述壁。作为另外一种选择或除此之外,支撑片材16可例如用所述第一和/或第二粘合剂在所述通道26中附着到所述另外的材料例如上文所述的第二支撑片材16。
粘合剂材料
吸收结构13可包括一种或多种粘合剂材料。在一些实施例中,其如上所述且以上述方式包括第一粘合剂材料和/或第二粘合剂材料。
本文的吸收芯可包括另一种第二吸收结构13’,其可包括一种或多种粘合剂材料;以下说明等同地适用于它们。
任何合适的粘合剂均能够用于该目的,例如使用所谓的热熔融粘合剂。例如,可喷涂的热熔融粘合剂,诸如H.B.Fuller Co.(St.Paul,MN)的产品号HL-1620-B。
粘合剂材料可不仅帮助将吸收材料固定在支撑片材上,而且其也可在一次性制品的储存期间和/或在使用期间帮助保持吸收结构吸收芯中的通道的完整性。粘合剂材料可帮助避免显著量的吸收材料迁移到通道中。此外,当粘合剂材料被施用在通道中或被施用在与通道重合的支撑片材部分上时,其可从而帮助将吸收结构的支撑片材附着到所述壁,和/或附着到另外的材料,如下文将进一步描述的那样。
在一些实施例中,第一粘合剂40和/或第二粘合剂60可为热塑性粘合剂材料。
在一些实施例中,可将第一粘合剂40施用为纤维,所述纤维形成将吸收材料固定在支撑片材上的纤维性网络。热塑性粘合剂纤维可部分地与吸收结构的支撑片材接触;如果也施用在通道中,则其(进一步)将吸收层锚定到支撑片材。
热塑性粘合剂材料可例如允许此类溶胀,而不会中断和赋予过多的压缩力,所述压缩力将抑制吸收性聚合物颗粒的溶胀。适用于本发明中的热塑性粘合剂材料40;60包括热熔融粘合剂,其包括至少与增塑剂和其它热塑性稀释剂诸如增粘树脂和添加剂诸如抗氧化剂组合的热塑性聚合物。示例性合适的热熔融粘合剂材料40;60描述于EP1447067A2中。在一些实施例中,热塑性聚合物具有超过10,000的分子量(Mw)和低于室温的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)或-6℃>Tg<16℃。在某些实施例中,热熔融的聚合物的浓度在约20至约40重量%的范围内。在某些实施例中,热塑性聚合物可为水不敏感的。示例性聚合物为包括A-B-A三嵌段结构、A-B两嵌段结构和(A-B)n径向嵌段共聚物结构的(苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物,其中A嵌段为通常包含聚苯乙烯的非弹性体聚合物嵌段,并且B嵌段为不饱和共轭双烯或(部分)氢化的此类变体。B嵌段通常为异戊二烯、丁二烯、乙烯/丁烯(氢化丁二烯)、乙烯/丙烯(氢化异戊二烯)、以及它们的混合物。
可采用的其它合适的热塑性聚合物为茂金属聚烯烃,它们为利用单位点或茂金属催化剂制备的乙烯聚合物。其中,至少一种共聚单体可与乙烯聚合以制备共聚物、三元共聚物或更高级的聚合物。同样适用的是无定形聚烯烃或无定形聚α-烯烃(APAO),它们为C2-C8α烯烃的均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物。
热塑性粘合剂材料(通常为热熔融粘合剂材料)一般以纤维的形式存在,即热熔融粘合剂能够被纤维化。在一些实施例中,热塑性粘合剂材料在吸收性聚合物颗粒上形成纤维网络。通常,所述纤维可具有约1μm至约100μm,或约25μm至约75μm的平均厚度、和约5mm至约50cm的平均长度。具体地,热熔融粘合剂材料层可被提供成诸如包括网状结构。在某些实施例中,以如下量来施用热塑性粘合剂材料,所述量为每支撑片材160.5至30g/m2,或1至15g/m2,或1和10g/m2或甚至1.5和5g/m2
适用于本发明中的粘合剂的一个典型参数可为60℃下低于值1,或低于值0.5的损耗角tanδ。60℃下的损耗角tanδ与高环境温度下的粘合剂的液体特性相关联。tanδ越低,粘合剂表现得越像固体而不是液体,即,其流动或移动的趋势越小,并且本文所述的粘合剂超结构随时间变质或甚至崩落的趋势越小。因此,如果吸收制品用于炎热的气候,则该值是特别重要的。
其可由于例如加工原因和/或性能原因是有利的,所述热塑性粘合剂材料在175℃下具有介于800和4000mPa·s之间,或1000mPa·s或1200mPa·s或1600mPa·s至3200mPa·s或至3000mPa·s或至2800mPa·s或至2500mPa·s的粘度(当通过ASTM D3236-88测量时,使用锭子27,20pmp,在所述温度下预热20分钟,并且搅拌10min)。
热塑性粘合剂材料可具有介于60℃和150℃之间,或介于75℃和135℃之间,或介于90℃和130℃之间,或介于100℃和115℃之间的软化点,所述软化点可用ASTM E28-99(Herzog方法;使用甘油)来测定。
在本文的一个实施例中,热塑性粘合剂组分可为亲水性的,具有小于90°,或小于80°或小于75°或小于70°的接触角,所述接触角可用ASTM D5725-99测量。
吸收制品例如尿布
本文的吸收结构13或吸收芯7可用于吸收制品,诸如上述吸收制品,并且具体地用于尿布1,包括供婴儿或成人使用的可扣紧的尿布1和(可重复扣紧的)训练裤;或用于吸收垫,诸如卫生巾或成人失禁内衣垫。
除了如本文所述的吸收结构13或吸收芯7以外,该制品还可包括顶片和底片、以及例如一个或多个侧翼或箍。顶片或箍或侧翼可包括本领域已知的护肤组合物或乳液或粉末、片,包括U.S.5,607,760;U.S.5,609,587;U.S.5,635,191;U.S.5,643,588中所述的那些。
本文优选的制品包括在使用中面向穿着者的顶片,例如非织造片材、和/或开孔片,包括如本领域已知的开孔成形膜;和底片。
底片可为液体不可透过的,如本领域已知的那样。在优选的实施例中,液体不可透过的底片包括薄塑料膜例如具有约0.01mm至约0.05mm厚度的热塑性膜。合适的底片材料通常包括允许蒸气从尿布1逸出同时仍然防止流出物透过底片的透气材料。合适的底片膜包括由Tredegar IndustriesInc.,Terre Haute,IN制造并以商品名X15306、X10962和X10964出售的那些。
底片或其任何部分可在一个或多个方向上弹性地延展。可通过本领域已知的任何附接部件将底片附接或接合到顶片、吸收结构/芯、或尿布1的任何其它元件。
本文的尿布可包括腿箍和/或阻隔箍;因而制品通常具有一对相对的侧翼和/或腿箍和/或阻隔箍,每对均被定位成邻近吸收结构/芯的一个纵向侧边缘,并且沿所述结构/芯纵向延伸,并且通常在制品的纵向轴线上互为镜像;如果存在腿箍和阻隔箍,则每个腿箍通常被定位在阻隔箍的外侧。这些箍可沿至少70%长度的制品纵向延伸。所述箍可具有自由的纵向边缘,所述边缘可定位在制品的X-Y平面(纵向/横向)外,即在z方向上。成对的侧翼或箍可在制品的纵向轴线上互为镜像。这些箍可包括弹性材料。
本文的尿布可包括腰带,或例如前腰带和后腰带,它们可包括弹性材料。
尿布1可包括侧片或所谓的耳片。尿布1可包括用以扣紧前部和后部的扣紧部件,例如前腰带和后腰带。优选的扣紧系统包括扣紧插片和着陆区,其中扣紧插片附接或接合到尿布1的后区,并且着陆区为尿布1的前区的一部分。
吸收结构13可与采集层12和/或采集材料层70、或它们的系统组合,并且吸收芯7或尿布1可包括采集层12和/或采集材料层70、或它们的系统,其可包含化学交联的纤维素纤维。此类交联的纤维素纤维可具有所期望的吸收特性。示例性化学交联的纤维素纤维公开于美国专利5,137,537中。在某些实施例中,化学交联的纤维素纤维与基于葡萄糖单体的介于约0.5摩尔%和约10.0摩尔%之间的C2-C9聚羧交联剂交联,或与介于约1.5摩尔%和约6.0摩尔%之间的C2-C9聚羧交联剂交联。柠檬酸为一种示例性交联剂。在其它实施例中,可使用聚丙烯酸。此外,根据某些实施例,交联的纤维素纤维具有约25至约60,或约28至约50,或约30至约45的保水值。用于测定保水值的方法公开于美国专利5,137,537中。根据某些实施例,交联的纤维素纤维可为起褶皱的、加捻的、或卷曲的、或它们的组合(包括起褶皱的、加捻的和卷曲的)。
在某个实施例中,上部采集层和下部采集层之一或两者均可包含非织造材料,所述材料可为亲水性的。此外,根据某个实施例,上部采集层和下部采集层之一或两者还可包含化学交联的纤维素纤维,所述纤维可形成或可不形成非织造材料的一部分。根据一个示例性实施例,上部采集层可包含非织造材料(不含交联的纤维素纤维),并且下部采集层可包含化学交联的纤维素纤维。此外,根据一个实施例,下部采集层可包含与其它纤维诸如天然或合成聚合物纤维相混合的化学交联的纤维素纤维。根据示例性实施例,此类其它天然或合成聚合物纤维可包括高表面积纤维、热塑性粘合纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、PET纤维、人造纤维、lyocell纤维、以及它们的混合物。用于上部采集层和下部采集层的合适的非织造材料包括但不限于SMS材料,其包括纺粘层、熔喷层和另一个纺粘层。在某些实施例中,永久亲水的非织造材料(具体地为具有耐久亲水涂层的非织造材料)是所期望的。其它合适的实施例包括MMS结构体。在某些实施例中,非织造材料为多孔的。
尿布1可包括设置在顶片和吸收结构13/吸收芯7之间的次层,所述次层能够吸收并分配和/或固定身体流出物。适宜的次层包括如本领域已知的采集层、涌流层和/或粪便存储层。可用作次层的合适的材料可包括大气室开放式泡沫、大孔耐压高蓬松非织造材料、大粒径颗粒状形式的开孔和闭孔泡沫(大孔和/或微孔)、高蓬松非织造材料、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯泡沫或颗粒、包括大量垂直取向的优选环状的纤维束的结构、或优选如上文关于生殖器覆盖片所述的开孔成形膜。(如本文所用,术语“微孔的”是指能够通过毛细管作用传送流体但具有大于50微米的平均孔径的材料。术语“大孔的”是指这样的材料:所述材料具有的孔太大而不能通过毛细管作用传送流体,所述材料通常具有大于约0.5mm(平均)的直径的孔,更具体地,具有大于约1.0mm(平均)的直径但典型地小于10mm或甚至小于6mm(平均)的直径的孔。
用于装配吸收制品或尿布1的方法包括本领域已知的用于构造和配置一次性吸收制品的常规技术。例如,可通过粘合剂的均匀连续层、粘合剂的图案化层、或粘合剂的一排单独线、螺纹或圆点,将底片和/或顶片接合到吸收结构/芯或将它们相互连接。已发现以商品名为HL-1258或H-2031由H.B.Fuller公司(St.Paul,Minnesota)生产的粘合剂具有令人满意的性能。尽管顶片、底片、和吸收结构13/芯可以多种熟知的构型装配,但优选的尿布1构型一般描述于以下专利中:1996年9月10日授予Roe等人的名称为“Absorbent Article With Multiple Zone Structural Elastic-Like Film WebExtensible Waist Feature”的美国专利5,554,145;1996年10月29日授予Buell等人的名称为“Disposable Pull-On Pant”的美国专利5,569,234;和1999年12月21日授予Robles等人的名称为“Absorbent Article With Multi-Directional Extensible Side Panels”的美国专利6,004,306。
制备吸收结构13的方法
本文的吸收结构13可通过包括以下步骤的任何方法来制备:将吸收材料50沉积到支撑片材16上,例如通过将第一所述支撑片材16放置到凸起部分上,所述凸起部分具有要产生的所述通道26的形状和尺寸,随后将所述吸收材料50沉积到其上;因而吸收材料50不保留到所述凸起部分上,而是仅保留在支撑片材16的剩余部分上。
在一些实施例中,例如可通过以下方法来获得具有吸收层17的吸收结构13,所述吸收层在其中具有基本上无吸收材料50的两个或更多个通道26,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供用于将所述吸收材料50进料到第一移动的环状表面的喂料机,诸如料斗;
b)提供转移装置,所述转移装置用于将支撑片材16转移至第二移动的环状表面;
c)提供第一移动的环状表面,其具有一个或多个吸收层17形成贮存器,所述贮存器具有纵向尺寸和平均长度、与其垂直的横向尺寸和平均宽度、以及与它们两者垂直的深度尺寸和平均深度、和用于在其中容纳所述吸收材料50的空隙体积,所述贮存器包括一个或多个基本上纵向延伸的凸起条,所述凸起条不具有空隙体积,例如各自具有平均宽度W和平均长度L,所述平均宽度为贮存器的平均宽度的至少4%或至少5%,并且所述平均长度为贮存器的平均纵向尺寸的至少5%且至多30%;所述贮存器用于将所述吸收材料50转移至与其邻近且接近的所述第二移动的环状表面;
d)提供第二移动的表面,其具有包括一个或多个透气的或部分地透气的储槽的外壳,所述储槽用于在其上或在其中容纳所述支撑片材16,具有容纳区域且具有一个或多个基本上纵向延伸的配合条,所述配合条可为不透气的,并且各自具有平均宽度W’,所述平均宽度例如为至少2.5mm,优选0.5×W至1.2×W,并且具有平均长度L’,所述平均长度为约0.8×L至1.2×L;
其中所述透气外壳连接到一个或多个辅助真空系统,所述真空系统用于促进将支撑片材16和/或所述吸收材料50保持在其上,并且其中在会合点,所述第一移动的环状表面和所述外壳在所述吸收材料50的转移期间至少部分地彼此邻近且彼此紧邻,并且在所述吸收材料50的转移期间使得每个配合条基本上完全邻近且紧邻凸起条;
e)用所述喂料机将吸收材料50进料到所述第一移动的环状表面,进料到至少其所述贮存器中;
f)任选地,移除所述凸起条上的任何吸收材料50;
g)同时地,将所述支撑片材16转移至所述第二移动的环状表面,转移到所述储槽上或其中;
h)在所述会合点,选择性地仅用所述第一移动的环状表面将所述吸收材料50转移至支撑片材16的如下所述部分,所述部分处在所述储槽的所述容纳区域上或其中;以及
i)1)向步骤g的所述吸收结构13施用粘合剂材料(即第一粘合剂材料40);和/或
i)2)在步骤f之前,或与其同时地,但在任何情况下均在步骤g)之前,向所述支撑片材16施用粘合剂材料(即第二粘合剂材料60)。
步骤i)1)可涉及将纤维形式的所述第一粘合剂材料喷涂到所述吸收层17或其一部分上,例如基本上连续地喷涂,因此其也存在于所述通道26中。
步骤i)2)可涉及槽式涂布或喷涂支撑片材16,连续地涂布,或例如以对应于通道26图案的图案涂布。
所述贮存器可由大量沟槽和/或腔体形成,它们具有用于在其中容纳所述吸收材料50的空隙体积。在一些实施例中,(每个)条的平均宽度W优选为至少6mm,或例如至少7mm,和/或相应贮存器的平均宽度的至少7%,或例如至少10%。
所述沟槽和/或腔体可各自例如具有至少3mm的横向上的最大尺寸,并且其中直接相邻的腔体和/或沟槽之间的基本上横向尺寸上的最短距离小于5mm。直接邻近凸起条的腔体和/或沟槽可具有超过它们的相邻腔体或沟槽中的一个或多个或全部的体积的体积,所述相邻腔体或沟槽不直接邻近所述条或另一个条(因此从某个条上进一步移除)。
所述第一移动的环状表面的贮存器可为至少部分地透气的,并且所述第一移动的环状表面可具有包括所述贮存器的圆筒形表面,所述圆筒形表面可旋转地围绕定子移动,所述定子包括真空室;所述第二移动的表面的外壳可为圆筒形的,其可旋转地围绕定子移动,所述定子包括连接到所述辅助真空系统的辅助真空室。
该方法可旨在生产吸收芯7或结构,其包括上述吸收结构13;13’中的两个或更多个;例如彼此叠加的两个此类层,使得第一层的吸收材料50和另一个即第二层的吸收材料50彼此邻近并夹置在第一层的支撑片材16和第二层的支撑片材16之间。
该方法可涉及提供压力部件诸如压力辊,其能够向吸收结构13上施加压力,并且通常为如下吸收结构13,其中吸收材料50夹置在另外的材料的支撑片材16之间;所述压力可施加到所述支撑片材16或任何放置在吸收层17上的另外的材料/层上,如该段落的上文所述。该压力施加可优选进行以选择性地仅向吸收结构13的通道26和/或26’上施加压力,例如施加在支撑片材16的如下部分上,所述部分对应于通道26,并因此不包括(在相对表面上)吸收材料50,从而避免所述吸收材料50自身的压实;和/或施加在所述另外的材料例如其支撑片材16’的如下部分上,所述部分对应于通道26’,并因此不包括(在相对表面上)吸收材料50,从而避免所述吸收材料50自身的压实。
因此,所述压力部件可具有凸起的施压图案,所述施压图案对应于凸起条的和/或所述配合条的所述图案,在一些优选对应于配合条的图案。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应被理解为严格限于所引用的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,所公开的量纲“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。
在具体实施方式中引用的所有文献都在相关部分中以引用的方式并入本文。任何文献的引用不可解释为是对其作为本发明的现有技术的认可。当本文献中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义冲突时,将以赋予本文献中那个术语的含义或定义为准。
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明,但是对那些本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出许多其它的改变和变型。因此,随附权利要求书旨在涵盖本发明范围内的所有这些改变和变型。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于吸收制品的吸收结构(13),包括支撑片材(16)和支撑在其上的吸收层(17);所述吸收层(17)包括吸收材料(50),所述吸收材料包含至少超吸收聚合物材料;所述吸收结构(13)和吸收层(17)具有纵向尺寸和平均长度、以及横向尺寸和平均宽度、以及高度;所述吸收层(17)具有纵向轴线和与其垂直的横向轴线;并且所述吸收层(17)具有在所述纵向轴线的一侧上的第一纵向延伸的侧部(20)、和在所述纵向轴线的另一侧上的第二纵向延伸的侧部(20);并且所述吸收结构(13)及其所述吸收层(17)具有前区、后区以及位于前区和后区之间的裆区,它们各自按顺序布置在所述纵向尺寸上;
其中所述吸收层(17)具有存在于所述第一纵向延伸的侧部中的至少第一基本上纵向延伸的通道(26)、和存在于所述第二纵向延伸的侧部中的第二基本上纵向延伸的通道(26),所述通道(26)基本上不含所述超吸收聚合物材料并且延伸穿过所述吸收层(17)的所述高度;其中所述支撑片材具有折叠成所述通道中以及用一种或多种粘合剂材料附着的起伏部;并且其中所述吸收结构(13)包括一种或多种粘合剂材料(40;60)以至少部分地将所述吸收层(17)固定到所述支撑片材(16)上;
其中所述一种或多种粘合剂材料包括第一粘合剂材料(40),所述第一粘合剂材料被施用到存在于所述支撑片材(16)上的所述层或其一部分,所述第一粘合剂材料为热塑性纤维粘合剂材料;
其中所述吸收材料(50)基本上由所述超吸收聚合物材料组成,所述超吸收聚合物材料为颗粒的形式,
其中所述吸收层(17)具有纵向尺寸和平均长度L;并且每个通道(26)具有平均长度L’,所述平均长度为L的至少10%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸收结构(13),其中所述吸收层(17)具有横向尺寸和平均宽度W、纵向尺寸和平均长度L;并且每个通道(26)具有平均宽度W’,所述平均宽度为W的至少4%并且为所述吸收层(17)的平均宽度W的至多25%;并且每个通道(26)具有平均长度L’,所述平均长度为L的至多80%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸收结构(13),其中所述W’为W的至少7%;和/或W’为至少5mm并且至多20mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的吸收结构(13),其中所述W’为W的至多20%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的吸收结构(13),其中所述W’为W的至多15%。
6.根据权利要求2-5中的任一项所述的吸收结构(13),其中所述两个通道(26)之间的最小横向距离D为W的至少5%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的吸收结构(13),其中所述一种或多种粘合剂材料包括存在于所述支撑片材(16)和所述吸收层(17)之间的第二粘合剂材料(60)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的吸收结构(13),其中在所述吸收层(17)或其吸收材料(50)沉积到所述支撑片材(16)上之前,第二粘合剂材料被施用到所述支撑片材(16)或其一部分。
9.根据权利要求7所述的吸收结构(13),其中所述一种或多种粘合剂(40;60)至少存在于所述通道(26)中,并且其中所述支撑片材(16)折叠成所述通道(26)或它们的一部分,并且其中所述支撑片材(16)附着到所述吸收材料(50),所述吸收材料形成所述通道(26)的基本上纵向壁或所述壁的一部分。
10.一种吸收芯(7),包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收结构(13),其为第一吸收结构(13);并且包括邻近所述吸收层(17)存在的另外的材料,所述另外的材料选自:i)另外的支撑片材(16’),ii)采集材料层(70);iii)第二吸收结构(13’),包括第二支撑片材(16’)和第二吸收层(17’),其中所述第二吸收层(17’)和所述第一吸收结构的所述吸收层(17)夹置在所述第一吸收结构的所述支撑片材(16)和所述第二支撑片材(16’)之间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的吸收芯(7),其中所述第二吸收结构(13’)为根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的吸收结构。
12.根据权利要求10所述的吸收芯(7),其中邻近所述吸收层(17)存在的所述另外的材料为采集材料层(70);所述采集材料层支撑在第二支撑片材(16’)上,所述吸收层(17)和所述采集材料层(70)夹置在所述第一吸收结构的所述支撑片材(16)和所述第二支撑片材(16’)之间。
13.根据权利要求12所述的吸收芯(7),其中所述采集材料层(70)包含化学交联的纤维素纤维。
14.根据权利要求12所述的吸收芯(7),其中所述采集材料层(70)包括通道(26’),所述通道基本上与所述第一吸收结构(13)的通道(26)完全重叠。
15.根据权利要求14所述的吸收芯(7),其中所述第一吸收结构的所述支撑片材(16)和所述第二支撑片材通过所述通道粘结。
16.根据权利要求10所述的吸收芯(7),其中所述第二吸收结构(13’)为根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的吸收结构。
17.根据权利要求10所述的吸收芯(7),其中所述第二吸收结构(13’)为根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的吸收结构,并且其中所述第二吸收结构(13’)的所述通道(26’)基本上与所述第一吸收结构(13)的所述通道(26)相同,并且基本上与它们完全重叠。
18.根据权利要求10或16所述的吸收芯(7),其中所述第一吸收结构的所述支撑片材(16)和/或所述第二支撑片材(16’)折叠成所述第一吸收结构(13)的所述通道(26和/或26’)或所述通道(26,26’)的一部分,并且所述一种或多种粘合剂材料至少存在于所述通道(26,26’)或它们的一部分中,并且其中所述支撑片材(16;16’)在所述通道(26,26’)中由所述一种或多种粘合剂材料附着到彼此。
19.根据权利要求10或16所述的吸收芯(7),其中所述第一吸收结构的所述支撑片材(16)和/或所述第二支撑片材(16’)折叠成所述第一吸收结构(13)的和/或所述第二吸收结构(13’)或采集材料层(70)的所述通道(26和/或26’)或所述通道(26,26’)的一部分,并且所述一种或多种粘合剂材料至少存在于所述通道(26,26’)或它们的一部分中,并且其中所述支撑片材(16;16’)在所述通道(26,26’)中由所述一种或多种粘合剂材料附着到彼此。
20.根据权利要求1或10所述的吸收结构(13)或吸收芯(7),其中所述通道在干燥状态和润湿状态下均至少部分地被保持,其中每个通道具有根据“湿通道完整性测试”的至少20%,或30%,或40%,或50%,或60,或70%,或80%,或90%的完整性百分比。
21.一种吸收制品,包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收结构(13)或吸收芯(7),其中所述吸收制品为尿布(1)。
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