RU2013137661A - Системы и методы оптимизации использования образца - Google Patents
Системы и методы оптимизации использования образца Download PDFInfo
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- RU2013137661A RU2013137661A RU2013137661/28A RU2013137661A RU2013137661A RU 2013137661 A RU2013137661 A RU 2013137661A RU 2013137661/28 A RU2013137661/28 A RU 2013137661/28A RU 2013137661 A RU2013137661 A RU 2013137661A RU 2013137661 A RU2013137661 A RU 2013137661A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 75
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000013060 biological fluid Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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Abstract
1. Способ определения присутствия или концентрации анализируемого вещества в пробе текучей среды, находящейся в контейнере, включающий:(a) просвечивание контейнера вдоль первого участка, имеющего первую длину пути, для получения первого измерения интенсивности света, переданного вдоль первой длины пути;(b) перемещение пробы жидкости на другой участок в контейнере с другой длиной пути, если первое измерение окажется за пределами заранее определенного динамического диапазона переданной интенсивности света;(c) просвечивание контейнера вдоль другого участка для получения другого измерения интенсивности света, переданного через другую длину пути, и по выбору(d) повторение шагов (b) и (с), пока измерения интенсивности света не будут находиться в пределах заранее определенного динамического диапазона, определяя, таким образом, присутствие или концентрацию анализируемого вещества.2. Способ по п. 1, дополнительно включающий развертку линейно просканированного изображения, распознавая, таким образом, присутствие или концентрацию анализируемого вещества.3. Способ по п. 1, в котором проба перемещается из первого участка контейнера с первой длиной пути во второй участок контейнера с другой длиной пути, с помощью засасывания пробы.4. Способ по п. 3, в котором конец контейнера присоединен к пипетке, сконфигурированной для засасывания пробы.5. Способ по п. 3, в котором проба перемещается вверх или вниз по длине контейнера.6. Способ по п. 1, в котором контейнером является микродозатор.7. Способ по п. 1, в котором контейнер конической формы.8. Способ по п. 1, в котором у контейнера два открытых конца.9. Способ по п. 8, в котором диаметр перво
Claims (91)
1. Способ определения присутствия или концентрации анализируемого вещества в пробе текучей среды, находящейся в контейнере, включающий:
(a) просвечивание контейнера вдоль первого участка, имеющего первую длину пути, для получения первого измерения интенсивности света, переданного вдоль первой длины пути;
(b) перемещение пробы жидкости на другой участок в контейнере с другой длиной пути, если первое измерение окажется за пределами заранее определенного динамического диапазона переданной интенсивности света;
(c) просвечивание контейнера вдоль другого участка для получения другого измерения интенсивности света, переданного через другую длину пути, и по выбору
(d) повторение шагов (b) и (с), пока измерения интенсивности света не будут находиться в пределах заранее определенного динамического диапазона, определяя, таким образом, присутствие или концентрацию анализируемого вещества.
2. Способ по п. 1, дополнительно включающий развертку линейно просканированного изображения, распознавая, таким образом, присутствие или концентрацию анализируемого вещества.
3. Способ по п. 1, в котором проба перемещается из первого участка контейнера с первой длиной пути во второй участок контейнера с другой длиной пути, с помощью засасывания пробы.
4. Способ по п. 3, в котором конец контейнера присоединен к пипетке, сконфигурированной для засасывания пробы.
5. Способ по п. 3, в котором проба перемещается вверх или вниз по длине контейнера.
6. Способ по п. 1, в котором контейнером является микродозатор.
7. Способ по п. 1, в котором контейнер конической формы.
8. Способ по п. 1, в котором у контейнера два открытых конца.
9. Способ по п. 8, в котором диаметр первого открытого конца больше, чем второго открытого конца.
10. Способ по п. 1, в котором у контейнера имеется множество определенных вариантов ширины, чтобы осуществлять передачу света по множеству варьирующихся длин пути.
11. Способ по п. 1, в котором объем контейнера меньше 100 микролитров.
12. Способ по п. 1, в котором одновременно делаются снимки множества определенных длин пути.
13. Способ измерения концентрации анализируемого вещества в жидкой пробе, включающий:
(а) предоставление пробы, содержащейся в контейнере, размеры которого имеют множество вариантов определенной ширины, чтобы позволить передачу света по множеству длин пути, соответствующих определенным вариантам ширины;
(b) просвечивание контейнера вдоль по крайней мере одной из множества длин пути; и
(c) получение изображения контейнера для измерения первой интенсивности света, переданной вдоль указанного по крайней мере одного из множества длин пути для определения концентрации анализируемого вещества на основе измеренной первой интенсивности света.
14. Способ по п. 13, дополнительно включающий:
(a) получение изображения контейнера для измерения второй интенсивности света, передаваемого через другую длину пути, соответствующую другой определенной ширине контейнера;
(b) сравнение указанной первой интенсивности света и второй интенсивности света;
(c) определение концентрации анализируемого вещества, основываясь на указанном шаге сравнения.
15. Способ по п. 13, дополнительно включающий выбор желаемой длины пути по одному или более из следующих методов: (а) перемещение источника света по отношению к пробе, (b) перемещение детектора по отношению к пробе, или (с) перемещение пробы внутри контейнера по отношению к источнику света.
16. Способ по п. 13, в котором просвечивание от источника света, а получение изображения осуществляется детектором, при этом источник света и детектор находятся в противоположных сторонах контейнера.
17. Способ по п. 13, в котором просвечивание от источника света, а получение изображения осуществляется детектором, при этом источник света и детектор находятся на одной стороне контейнера.
18. Способ по п. 13, в котором множество длин пути являются ортогональными по отношению к длине контейнера.
19. Способ по п. 13, в котором у контейнера имеются первый открытый и второй открытый концы, и ширина первого открытого конца меньше, чем у второго открытого конца.
20. Способ по п. 19, в котором второй открытый конец сконфигурирован так, чтобы присоединить к нему устройство работы с жидкостью.
21. Автоматическая система разделения одного или более компонентов биологической жидкости, включающая:
(a) микродозатор или закрытую пробирку, приспособленную для работы с аспиратором, где упомянутые микродозатор или пробирка включают два противоположных конца, по крайней мере один из которых закрыт или загерметизирован; и
(b) центрифугу, сконфигурированную для работы с упомянутым микродозатором или закрытой пробиркой для выполнения указанного разделения одного или более компонентов в биологической жидкости.
22. Система по п. 21, в которой один или более компонентов выбраны из группы, состоящей из плазмы крови, сыворотки крови и твердых частиц.
23. Система по п. 21, в которой, когда микродозатор соединяется с аспиратором, выполняется забор биологической жидкости.
24. Система по п. 23, в которой микродозатор имеет открытый конец, который образует герметичное уплотнение с аспиратором.
25. Система по п. 21, дополнительно включающая
устройство получения изображений; и
размеры по крайней мере одного микродозатора достаточны для дозирования жидкости в микродозатор или пробирку с микродозатором (а) или достаточны для засасывания жидкости из микродозатора или пробирки с микродозатором (а).
26. Система по п. 21, в которой микродозатор или закрытая пробирка ориентированы вертикально, когда центрифуга находится в состоянии покоя.
27. Система по п. 26, в которой микродозатор или закрытая пробирка ориентированы горизонтально, когда центрифуга вращается с заранее определенной скоростью вращения.
28. Способ для отделения компонентов в пробе, включающий:
(a) загрузку пробы в микродозатор или пробирку, имеющие два противоположных конца, по крайней мере один из которых можно загерметизировать или он является загерметизированным;
(b) герметизацию микродозатора или пробирки на по крайней мере одном из концов микродозатора;
(c) центрифугирование загерметизированного микродозатора или пробирки, при котором формируется межфазный участок, где проба разделяется на надосадочный раствор и крупинки осадка;
(d) получение изображения отцентрифугированного микродозатора или пробирки для определения местоположения межфазного участка; и
(e) автоматический забор надосадочного раствора в зависимости от местоположения межфазного участка.
29. Способ по п. 28, дополнительно включающий определение местоположения надосадочной жидкости с помощью упомянутого шага получения изображения и автоматическое засасывание надосадочной жидкости в зависимости от местоположения надосадочной жидкости.
30. Способ по п. 29, в котором определение с помощью процессора, который задает инструкции устройству засасывания жидкости, которое автоматически выполняет шаг засасывания.
31. Способ по п. 28, в котором получение изображения осуществляют с помощью фотоаппарата, который сконфигурирован для снятия изображения вида сбоку микродозатора или пробирки.
32. Способ по п. 28, в котором надосадочная жидкость включает два или более из следующих веществ: плазмы крови или сыворотки крови.
33. Способ по п. 29, в котором крупинки осадка включают одно или более из следующих веществ: кровяные тельца или твердые частицы.
34. Способ характеристики анализируемого вещества, наличие которого предполагается в пробе, включающий:
(a) получение цифрового изображения пробы, которое включает по крайней мере двумерный массив элементов изображения, в котором каждый элемент включает множество значений интенсивности, каждому из которых соответствует отчетливое распознавание участка спектра;
(b) корреляцию с помощью программируемого устройства значений полученной интенсивности с заранее определенным набором значений, которые определяют динамический диапазон каждого распознаваемого участка спектра; и
(c) предсказание наличия и/или количества упомянутого анализируемого вещества в пробе на основании корреляции значений полученной интенсивности с заранее определенным набором значений.
35. Способ по п. 34, в котором множество значений интенсивности включает значения интенсивности для распознавания красного, зеленого и синего цветов на участках спектра.
36. Способ по п. 34, дополнительно включающий выбор длины волн для просвечивания и просвечивание пробы светом с выбранной длиной волны до и/или одновременно с получением цифрового изображения.
37. Способ по п. 36, дополнительно включающий: последующие шаги за получением цифрового изображения, (а) выбор другой длины волны для просвечивания; (b) просвечивание пробы светом с другой выбранной длиной волны; (с) получение другого цифрового изображения пробы, где цифровое изображение включает по крайней мере двухмерный массив элементов изображения и где каждый элемент включает множество значений интенсивности, каждому из которых соответствует отчетливое распознавание участка спектра; и (d) предсказание наличия и/или количества упомянутого анализируемого раствора в пробе на основании полученной из цифрового изображения и упомянутого другого цифрового изображения интенсивности значений.
38. Способ для характеристики анализируемого вещества, присутствие которого предполагается в пробе биологической жидкости, включающий:
(a) предоставление пробы биологической жидкости;
(b) предоставление возможности анализируемому веществу реагировать с одним или более реагентами, которые специфично взаимодействуют с упомянутым анализируемым веществом для генерирования оптически распознаваемого сигнала; и
(c) измерение упомянутого оптически распознаваемого сигнала при множестве распознаваемых участков спектра, где наличие упомянутого оптически распознаваемого сигнала в пределах динамического диапазона из по крайней мере одного распознаваемого участка спектра указывает на концентрацию упомянутого анализируемого вещества в упомянутой пробе биологической жидкости.
39. Способ по п. 38, в котором множество распознаваемых участков спектра выбирается из группы, состоящей из красного, зеленого и синего цветов.
40. Способ по п. 38, дополнительно включающий шаг по количественному расчету концентрации анализируемого вещества путем оценки значений, измеренных для по крайней мере одного распознаваемого участка спектра.
41. Способ по п. 38, в котором биологической жидкостью является кровь, моча, слюна, спинномозговая жидкость или семенная жидкость.
42. Способ по п. 38, в котором измерение выполняется с помощью устройства получения изображений, сконфигурированного для измерения множества распознаваемых участков спектра.
43. Способ по п. 42, в котором устройство получения изображений сконфигурировано для одновременного измерения множества распознаваемых участков спектра.
44. Способ по п. 42, в котором устройство получения изображений сконфигурировано для последовательного измерения множества распознаваемых участков спектра.
45. Способ по п. 38, в котором проба измеряется в микродозаторе.
46. Способ повышения надежности анализа, включающий:
(a) получение изображения в первом микродозаторе для определения объема первой пробы;
(b) получение изображения одного или более реагентов во втором микродозаторе для определения объема одного или более реагентов;
(c) смешивание пробы и одного или более реагентов для образования реакционной смеси;
(d) получение изображения реакционной смеси;
(e) калибровку, основаную на упомянутых определенных объемах пробы и одного или более реагентов; и
(f) расчет концентрации анализируемого вещества с использованием калибровки.
47. Способ по п. 46, дополнительно включающий получение изображения реакционной смеси для определения объема реакционной смеси.
48. Способ по п. 46, в котором получение изображения пробы в первом микродозаторе проводится с использованием фотоаппарата, сконфигурированного для снятия вида сбоку первого микродозатора.
49. Способ по п. 48, в котором получение изображения одного или более реагентов из второго микродозатора проводится с использованием фотоаппарата, сконфигурированного для снятия вида сбоку второго микродозатора.
50. Способ по п. 49, в котором высота пробы и одного или более реагентов рассчитывается на основании снятых боковых изображений.
51. Способ по п. 50, в котором определение объема основано на высоте пробы и одного или более реагентов, и участков пробы и одного или более реагентов, соответственно, в поперечном разрезе.
52. Способ по п. 47, в котором калибровка основана на определенном объеме реакционной смеси.
53. Автоматическая система для разделения одного или более компонентов биологической жидкости, включающая:
(a) центрифугу, состоящую из одного или более барабанов, предназначенную для приемки контейнера для выполнения указанного разделения одного или более компонентов в пробе жидкости; и
(b) контейнер, включающий одну или более деталей специальной формы, которая совмещается с формой барабана.
54. Система по п. 53, в которой один или более барабанов является шарнирным, то есть, может находиться у или близко к вертикальному положению, когда центрифуга находится в состоянии покоя, и у или близко к горизонтальному положению, когда центрифуга вращается.
55. Система по п. 54, дополнительно включающая множество шарнирных барабанов, которые располагаются симметрично в радиальном направлении.
56. Система по п. 53, в которой жидкая проба является биологической жидкостью.
57. Система по п. 56, в которой биологическая жидкость представляет собой это кровь.
58. Система по п. 53, в которой контейнер сконструирован для объема крови 100 мкл или менее.
59. Система по п. 53, в которой контейнер на одном конце закрыт и открыт на противоположном конце.
60. Система по п. 53, в которой контейнером является аппарат для центрифугирования.
61. Система по п. 60, в которой аппарат для центрифугирования имеет закругленный конец с одним или более внутренних утолщений.
62. Система по п. 60, дополнительно включающая экстракционный микродозатор с одной или более деталью особой формы, которая совмещается с формой детали на аппарате центрифугирования, и эта деталь сконструирована для вставки в аппарат центрифугирования.
63. Система по п. 53, в которой деталь особой формы в барабане включает одну или более полок, на которой, как сконструировано, может лежать выступающая часть контейнера.
64. Система по п. 53, в которой барабан выполнен так, чтобы можно было принимать множество контейнеров с различными формами, и в которой деталь с формами в барабане включает множество полок, где первый контейнер имеющий первую форму, настроен так, чтобы он шел на первую полку, а второй контейнер со второй формой настроен на вторую полку.
65. Установка, включающая:
аппарат, сконструированный для приемки и содержания пробы, где аппарат включает внутреннюю поверхность, наружную поверхность, открытый конец и противоположный закрытый конец; и
микродозатор, сконструированный для вхождения в аппарат через открытый конец, где микродозатор включает первый открытый конец, и где второй открытый конец вставляется в аппарат,
где аппарат или микродозатор дополнительно включает выступающую деталь поверхности, которая не дает второму открытому концу микродозатора касаться дна внутренней поверхности закрытого конца аппарата.
66. Установка по п. 65, в которой деталь поверхности образует единое целое на дне внутренней поверхности аппарата.
67. Установка по п. 65, в которой деталь поверхности включает множество утолщений на дне внутренней поверхности аппарата.
68. Установка по п. 65, в которой выступающая деталь поверхности находится у или близко к закрытому концу.
69. Аппаратура для обработки проб, включающая:
станцию приготовления пробы, станцию анализа, и/или станцию детекции;
блок управления, выдающий команды, выполняемые компьютером для проведения технических операций в заданном месте с помощью по крайней мере одной из упомянутых - станции приготовления проб, станции анализа и станции детекции; и
по крайней мере одну центрифугу, сконструированную для центрифугирования пробы из капилляра.
70. Аппаратура по п. 69, в которой центрифуга находится внутри станции приготовления проб и/или станции анализа.
71. Аппаратура по п. 70, в которой команды, выполняемые компьютером, сконфигурированы для проведения технических операций по месту, выбранному из группы, состоящей из места компании по розничной торговле, дома пациента или учреждения для проверки здоровья/лечения.
72. Способ для динамичной обратной связи, включающий:
снятие первоначального показания пробы внутри контейнера с использованием механизма детекции;
основываясь на указанном первоначальном показании, определение с помощью процессора, находится ли концентрация пробы в пределах желаемого диапазона, и определение с использованием процессора (а) степени разбавления, которой нужно достичь, если концентрация пробы выше, чем желаемый диапазон или (b) уровня концентрации, которого нужно достичь, если концентрация пробы ниже желаемого диапазона; и
регулирование концентрации пробы в соответствии с определенной степенью разбавления или определенным уровнем концентрации.
73. Способ по п. 72, дополнительно включающий последующее измерение пробы внутри контейнера.
74. Способ по п. 73, дополнительно включающий, основываясь на последующих измерениях, определение с помощью процессора, находится ли концентрация пробы в пределах желаемого диапазона.
75. Способ по п. 74, в котором последующее измерение выполняют с использованием механизма детекции.
76. Способ по п. 73, дополнительно включающий определение характеристики пробы, основываясь на последующем измерении.
77. Способ по п. 76, в котором характеристика выбрана из одного или более следующих факторов: наличие или концентрация анализируемого вещества, наличие или концентрация тельца и морфология тельца.
78. Способ по п. 77, в котором последующее измерение выполняют с использованием отдельного от первоначального механизма детекции.
79. Способ по п. 73, в котором первоначальное измерение представляет приблизительную концентрацию телец в пробе.
80. Способ по п. 79, в котором последующее измерение представляет концентрацию телец в пробе с большей разрешающей способностью, чем у первоначального измерения.
81. Способ по п. 72, в котором первоначальное измерение выполняют с помощью снятия изображения пробы.
82. Способ по п. 72, в котором регулирование концентрации пробы дает возможность распознавать анализируемое вещество, распознавание которого в другом случае было бы за пределами желаемого диапазона.
83. Способ контроля качества, включающий:
снятие изображения условий, при которых механизм детекции измеряет характеристику пробы, и
определение с использованием процессора, основываясь на изображении, есть ли нежелательные условия, при которых механизм работает.
84. Способ по п. 83, в котором нежелательные условия включают присутствие одного или более нежелательных материалов.
85. Способ по п. 84, в котором нежелательные материалы включают одно или боле из следующих: пузырьки, частицы, волокна, мусор и осадки, которые мешают измерению характеристики пробы.
86. Способ по п. 83, в котором механизм детекции отличается от механизма, используемого для получения изображений.
87. Способ по п. 83, в котором изображение получено с помощью фотоаппарата.
88. Способ по п. 83, дополнительно включающий уведомление о зафиксированном нежелательном условии.
89. Способ по п. 83, дополнительно включающий корректировку пробы, если зафиксировано нежелательное условие.
90. Способ по п. 83, в котором изображение включает изображение пробы.
91. Способ по п. 90, в котором изображение включает один или более из следующих предметов: контейнер с пробой или механизм распознавания.
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