CN114025683A - 用于适当砧座附接外科缝合头部组件的机构 - Google Patents

用于适当砧座附接外科缝合头部组件的机构 Download PDF

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CN114025683A
CN114025683A CN202080047358.3A CN202080047358A CN114025683A CN 114025683 A CN114025683 A CN 114025683A CN 202080047358 A CN202080047358 A CN 202080047358A CN 114025683 A CN114025683 A CN 114025683A
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surgical instrument
anvil
radio frequency
frequency identification
stapling head
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F·E·谢尔顿四世
C·E·埃克特
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Cilag GmbH International
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳；轴组件，该轴组件从该外壳朝远侧延伸；缝合头部组件，该缝合头部组件位于该轴组件的远侧端部处；砧座，该砧座能够与该缝合头部组件联接；以及砧座调整组件。该缝合头部组件包括远侧表面。该缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉的环形阵列穿过该远侧表面。该缝合头部组件包括射频识别(RFID)扫描仪。该砧座能够相对于该缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移并且该砧座包括RFID标签。该砧座调整组件包括平移构件，该平移构件能够操作以沿纵向轴线相对于该外壳平移，从而调整该砧座的相对于该远侧表面的纵向位置。该RFID标签能够由该RFID扫描仪在附接阈值距离处或在附接阈值距离以下被检测到。

Description

用于适当砧座附接外科缝合头部组件的机构
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是非临时申请，其按照美国法典第35卷第119条(e)款的规定要求于2019年6月28日提交的名称为“SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE RFID TAGS”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/868,457的优先权，该临时专利申请的全部公开内容据此以引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
本发明涉及外科器械，并且在各种实施方案中，涉及被设计成用于切割和缝合组织的外科切割和缝合器械及其钉仓。在各种实施方案中，可使用RFID技术来识别外科器械的部件，诸如钉仓。使用RFID技术的外科系统的示例可见于2011年6月14日公布的名称为“ELECTRICALLY SELF-POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MANUAL RELEASE”的美国专利7,959,050和2015年2月26日发布的名称为“ERROR DETECTION ARRANGEMENTS FORSURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLIES”的美国专利申请2015/0053743的公开内容，这两份专利均全文以引用方式并入本文。
发明内容
在各种实施方案中，公开了一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳；轴组件，该轴组件从该外壳朝远侧延伸；缝合头部组件，该缝合头部组件位于该轴组件的远侧端部处；砧座，该砧座能够与该缝合头部组件联接；以及砧座调整组件。该缝合头部组件包括远侧表面。该缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉的环形阵列穿过该远侧表面。该缝合头部组件包括射频识别(RFID)扫描仪。该砧座能够相对于该缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移并且该砧座包括RFID标签。该砧座调整组件包括平移构件。该平移构件能够操作以沿纵向轴线相对于该外壳平移，从而调整该砧座的相对于该缝合头部组件的该远侧表面的纵向位置。该RFID标签能够由该RFID扫描仪在附接阈值距离处或在附接阈值距离以下被检测到。
在各种实施方案中，公开了一种外科器械，该外科器械包括轴组件；缝合头部组件，该缝合头部组件位于该轴组件的远侧端部处；以及砧座，该砧座能够与该缝合头部组件联接。该缝合头部组件包括钉仓和RFID扫描仪。该钉仓包括仓平台。该缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉从该钉仓穿过该仓平台。该钉仓包括第一RFID标签。该第一RFID标签适于存储关于该钉仓的信息。该RFID扫描仪被配置成能够检测保持于该缝合头部组件处的该钉仓的该第一RFID标签。该砧座能够相对于该缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移。该砧座包括第二RFID标签。该第二RFID标签适于存储关于该砧座的信息。该RFID扫描仪被配置成能够在该闭合构型中检测该第二RFID标签。
在各种实施方案中，公开了一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳；轴组件，该轴组件从该外壳朝远侧延伸；缝合头部组件，该缝合头部组件位于该轴组件的远侧端部处；砧座，该砧座能够与该缝合头部组件联接；以及RFID系统。该缝合头部组件包括远侧表面。该缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉的环形阵列穿过该远侧表面。该砧座能够相对于该缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移以将组织捕获在该砧座和该缝合头部组件之间。该RFID系统包括RFID扫描仪和RFID标签，该RFID标签适于存储关于该砧座的信息。该RFID标签被配置成能够在该闭合构型中将指示该信息的RF信号传递到该RFID扫描仪。该外科器械还包括联接到该RFID扫描仪的控制电路。该控制电路被配置成能够基于来自该组织的RF信号反向散射来确定该组织的特性。
附图说明
各个方面的特征在所附权利要求书中进行了特别描述。然而，通过参考以下结合如下附图所作的说明可最好地理解各个方面(有关手术组织和方法)及其进一步的目的和优点。
图1描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的示例性圆形缝合器的透视图。
图2描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图1的圆形缝合器的透视图，其中电池组从外壳组件移除并且砧座从缝合头部组件移除。
图3描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图1的圆形缝合器的缝合头部组件的透视图。
图4描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图3的砧座的另一个透视图。
图5描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图3的缝合头部组件的分解透视图。
图6描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图1的圆形缝合器的分解透视图，其中轴组件的各部分彼此分开示出。
图7描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图6的外壳组件的砧座致动组件的详细透视图。
图8描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图7的砧座致动组件的砧座闭锁组件的详细透视图，其中砧座闭锁组件处于解锁位置。
图9描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图7的砧座致动组件的详细侧正视图，其中图8的砧座闭锁组件处于解锁位置。
图10描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图7的砧座致动组件的另一个详细侧正视图，其中图8的砧座闭锁组件处于锁定位置。
图11描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图8的砧座闭锁组件的另选构型的详细透视图。
图12描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的缝合头部组件和砧座，该砧座联接到缝合头部组件的套管针。
图13描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的与缝合头部组件处于不当座置取向的砧座的局部横向剖面图。
图14描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的与缝合头部组件处于不当座置取向的砧座的局部纵向剖面图。
图15描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的外科缝合器械的控制系统。
图16描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于操作外科缝合器械的控制程序或逻辑配置。
图17描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于使外科缝合器械的砧座相对于缝合头部组件适当取向的控制程序或逻辑配置。
图18描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的可选择性地由多个不同端部执行器中的任何一个端部执行器、多个不同轴中的任何一个轴和外壳组件装配的外科器械。
图19描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的装配的外科器械的示意图。
图20描绘了过程的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于调整图19的外科器械的马达的至少一个操作参数的控制程序或逻辑配置。
图21描绘了曲线图，该曲线图示出了根据两种不同击发算法的图19的外科器械的击发负载。
图22描绘了曲线图，这些曲线图示出了图19的外科器械的各种闭合和击发阈值的调整。
图23描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于操作外科缝合器械的控制程序或逻辑配置。
图24描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的外科器械和与外科器械一起使用的三个马达组件的局部正视图。
图25描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于调整图24的外科器械的马达的操作参数的控制程序或逻辑配置。
图26是根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图描绘了三个不同马达的Y轴上的马达扭矩与X轴上的马达速度之间的关系。
图27描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图24的外科器械的控制系统。
图28描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图25的外科器械的各种控制算法的表格或数据库。
图29示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的外科器械的局部透视图。
图30示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图29的外科器械的控制电路。
图31示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于操作图29的外科器械的控制程序或逻辑配置。
图32示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的电池组的控制电路。
图33示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的图29的外科器械与多个不同电池组的兼容性。
图34示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图示出了在由不同电池组供电时图29的外科器械的各种马达扭矩/速度/电流关系。
图35示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的条形图，该条形图示出了可与图29的外科器械一起使用的不同电池组的各种能量密度。
图36示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的条形图，该条形图示出了可与图29的外科器械一起使用的不同电池组的实际能量密度与额定能量密度的比较。
图37示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的条形图，该条形图示出了可与图29的外科器械一起使用的不同电池组的标称电压。
图38示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图示出了可与图29的外科器械一起使用的不同电池组的放电曲线。
图39示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图示出了可与图29的外科器械一起使用的锂离子电池的放电曲线。
图40示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图示出了可与图29的外科器械一起使用的锂离子电池的不同温度的不同放电曲线。
图41示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图示出了可与图29的外科器械一起使用的CR123电池的不同放电率的不同放电曲线。
图42示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的非智能电池、智能电池和自适应外科器械之间的各种操作差异。
图43示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图示出了在与图42的自适应外科器械一起使用时不同电池组的输出电流能力。
图44示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图示出了在与图42的自适应外科器械一起使用时不同电池组的输出电压能力。
图45示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图，该曲线图示出了在与图42的自适应外科器械一起使用时不同电池组的输出电压能力。
图46示出了根据本公开的至少方面的与图42的自适应外科器械一起使用的电池。
图47示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于操作图42的自适应外科器械的控制程序或逻辑配置。
图48示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于验证外科器械的外科器械部件的真实性和/或兼容性的控制程序或逻辑配置。
具体实施方式
本申请的申请人拥有与本申请于同一日期提交且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下美国专利申请：
·名称为“METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING THE COMPATIBILITY OF A STAPLECARTRIDGE WITH A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的代理人案卷号END9145USNP1/190235-1M；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN RFID SYSTEM”的代理人案卷号END9146USNP1/190236；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN RFID SYSTEM FOR TRACKING AMOVABLE COMPONENT”的代理人案卷号END9147USNP1/190237；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ALIGNED RFID SENSOR”的代理人案卷号END9148USNP1/190238；
·名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING AN INFORMATION DECRYPTIONPROTOCOL”的代理人案卷号END9123USNP1/190239；
·名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING AN INFORMATION ENCRYPTIONPROTOCOL”的代理人案卷号END9124USNP1/190240；
·名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING A LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR ANINCOMPATIBLE CARTRIDGE”的代理人案卷号END9125USNP1/190241；
·名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING A FRANGIBLE RFID TAG”的代理人案卷号END9126USNP1/190242；以及
·名称为“PACKAGING FOR A REPLACEABLE COMPONENT OF A SURGICAL STAPLINGSYSTEM”的代理人案卷号END9127USNP1/190243。
本申请的申请人拥有与本申请于同一日期提交且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下美国专利申请：
·名称为“METHOD OF USING MULTIPLE RFID CHIPS WITH A SURGICALASSEMBLY”的代理人案卷号END9119USNP1/190245-1M；
·名称为“MECHANISMS FOR MOTOR CONTROL ADJUSTMENTS OF A MOTORIZEDSURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的代理人案卷号END9121USNP1/190247；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH BATTERY COMPATIBILITY VERIFICATIONFUNCTIONALITY”的代理人案卷号END9122USNP1/190248；
·名称为“SURGICAL SYSTEM WITH RFID TAGS FOR UPDATING MOTOR ASSEMBLYPARAMETERS”的代理人案卷号END9131USNP1/190249；
·名称为“SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE RFID TAGS”的代理人案卷号END9132USNP1/190250；
·名称为“RFID IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的代理人案卷号END9149USNP1/190251；
·名称为“RFID IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的代理人案卷号END9150USNP1/190252；
·名称为“SURGICAL RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR DISPLAY AND COMMUNICATION”的代理人案卷号END9151USNP1/190253；
·名称为“SURGICAL RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR COMPATIBILITY DETECTION”的代理人案卷号END9152USNP1/190254；以及
·名称为“SURGICAL RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR INSTRUMENT OPERATIONAL SETTINGCONTROL”的代理人案卷号END9153USNP1/190255。
本申请的申请人拥有于2018年5月1日提交且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下美国专利申请：
·名称为“SURGICAL SUTURING SYSTEMS”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/665,129；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING CONTROL SYSTEMS”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/665,139；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING HANDLE ARRANGEMENTS”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/665,177；
·名称为“MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/665,128；
·名称为“SURGICAL DISSECTORS”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/665,192；以及
·名称为“SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/665,134。
本申请的申请人拥有于2018年8月24日提交的各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下美国专利申请：
·名称为“SURGICAL SUTURING INSTRUMENT CONFIGURED TO MANIPULATE TISSUEUSING MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL POWER”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,129；
·名称为“SURGICAL SUTURING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CAPTURE WIDTHWHICH IS LARGER THAN TROCAR DIAMETER”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,155；
·名称为“SURGICAL SUTURING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A NON-CIRCULARNEEDLE”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,168；
·名称为“ELECTRICAL POWER OUTPUT CONTROL BASED ON MECHANICAL FORCES”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,180；
·名称为“REACTIVE ALGORITHM FOR SURGICAL SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,193；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ADAPTIVE ELECTRICALSYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,099；
·名称为“CONTROL SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR A MODULAR SURGICALINSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,112；
·名称为“ADAPTIVE CONTROL PROGRAMS FOR A SURGICAL SYSTEM COMPRISINGMORE THAN ONE TYPE OF CARTRIDGE”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,119；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING BATTERY ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,097；·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMSCOMPRISING HANDLE ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,109；·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING FEEDBACK MECHANISMS”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,114；·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING LOCKOUTMECHANISMS”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,117；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A LOCKABLE END EFFECTORSOCKET”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,095；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A SHIFTING MECHANISM”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,121；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A SYSTEM FOR ARTICULATIONAND ROTATION COMPENSATION”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,151；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A BIASED SHIFTING MECHANISM”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,154；
·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION DRIVE THATPROVIDES FOR HIGH ARTICULATION ANGLES”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,226；
·名称为“SURGICAL DISSECTORS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,062；
·名称为“SURGICAL DISSECTORS CONFIGURED TO APPLY MECHANICAL ANDELECTRICAL ENERGY”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,098；
·名称为“SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER CONFIGURED TO STORE CLIPS IN A STOREDSTATE”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,237；
·名称为“SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING AN EMPTY CLIP CARTRIDGELOCKOUT”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,245；
·名称为“SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING AN AUTOMATIC CLIP FEEDINGSYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,249；
·名称为“SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING ADAPTIVE FIRING CONTROL”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,253；以及
·名称为“SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING ADAPTIVE CONTROL INRESPONSE TO A STRAIN GAUGE CIRCUIT”的美国专利申请序列号16/112,257。
本申请的申请人拥有于2018年10月26日提交的各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下美国专利申请：
·名称为“CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING INTERCHANGEABLE CLIP RELOADS”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,130；
·名称为“CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A MOVABLE CLIP MAGAZINE”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,066；
·名称为“CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A ROTATABLE CLIP MAGAZINE”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,078；
·名称为“CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING CLIP ADVANCING SYSTEMS”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,087；
·名称为“CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A CLIP CRIMPING SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,094；
·名称为“CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A RECIPROCATING CLIP ADVANCINGMEMBER”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,128；
·名称为“CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A MOTOR CONTROLLER”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,168；
·名称为“SURGICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING A SURGICAL TOOL AND A SURGICALHUB”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,164；以及
·名称为“METHOD FOR OPERATING A POWERED ARTICULATING MULTI-CLIPAPPLIER”的美国专利申请序列号16/172,303。
本专利申请的申请人拥有于2018年12月4日提交的以下美国专利申请，这些专利申请中的每个的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文：
·名称为“METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION,PROCESSING,STORAGE AND DISPLAY”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,385；
·名称为“METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,395；
·名称为“METHOD OF CLOUD BASED DATA ANALYTICS FOR USE WITH THE HUB”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,403；
·名称为“METHOD OF ROBOTIC HUB COMMUNICATION,DETECTION,AND CONTROL”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,407；
·名称为“METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION,PROCESSING,DISPLAY,AND CLOUDANALYTICS”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,416；
·名称为“METHOD OF COMPRESSING TISSUE WITHIN A STAPLING DEVICE ANDSIMULTANEOUSLY DISPLAYING THE LOCATION OF THE TISSUE WITHIN THE JAWS”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,423；
·名称为“METHOD OF USING REINFORCED FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS WITH MULTIPLESENSORS TO OPTIMIZE PERFORMANCE OF RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,427；
·名称为“METHOD OF SENSING PARTICULATE FROM SMOKE EVACUATED FROM APATIENT,ADJUSTING THE PUMP SPEED BASED ON THE SENSED INFORMATION,ANDCOMMUNICATING THE FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM TO THE HUB”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,433；
·名称为“METHOD FOR SMOKE EVACUATION FOR SURGICAL HUB”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,447；
·名称为“METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SMART ENERGY DEVICES”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,453；
·名称为“METHOD FOR SMART ENERGY DEVICE INFRASTRUCTURE”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,458；
·名称为“METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE CONTROL SCHEMES FOR SURGICAL NETWORKCONTROL AND INTERACTION”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,465；
·名称为“METHOD FOR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS FOR SURGICAL NETWORK ORSURGICAL NETWORK CONNECTED DEVICE CAPABLE OF ADJUSTING FUNCTION BASED ON ASENSED SITUATION OR USAGE”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,478；
·名称为“METHOD FOR FACILITY DATA COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,490；以及
·名称为“METHOD FOR CIRCULAR STAPLER CONTROL ALGORITHM ADJUSTMENTBASED ON SITUATIONAL AWARENESS”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,491。
在详细说明外科装置和系统的各个方面之前，应该指出的是，示例性示例的应用或使用并不局限于附图和具体实施方式中所示出的部件的构造和布置方式的细节。示例性示例可单独实施，或与其他方面、变更形式和修改形式结合在一起实施，并可以各种方式实践或执行。此外，除非另外指明，否则本文所用的术语和表达是为了方便读者而对例示性示例进行描述而所选的，并非为了限制性的目的。而且，应当理解，以下描述的方面中的一个或多个、方面和/或示例的表达可以与以下描述的其他方面、方面和/或示例的表达中的任何一个或多个组合。
结合本公开描述了各种外科系统和器械(例如，外科缝合(stapling)器械、外科施夹器、外科缝合(suturing)器械)。外科系统和/或器械包括射频识别(RFID)系统，该RFID系统包括一个或多个RFID扫描仪和一个或多个RFID标签，如下文将更详细讨论。使用RFID技术的外科系统的示例在美国专利7,959,050和美国专利申请2015/0053743中公开，这两份专利均全文以引用方式并入本文。
射频识别(RFID)用于多种行业中以跟踪和识别对象。RFID依靠无线电波将数字存储信息从RFID标签传输到RFID读取器或接收器，该RFID读取器或接收器被配置成能够接收该信息。RFID技术使用包含电子存储信息的RFID标签(有时称为芯片)和RFID读取器，这些RFID读取器用于识别RFID标签并且与RFID标签通信。有两种不同类型的RFID系统-有源RFID系统和无源RFID系统。有源RFID系统包括RFID标签，这些RFID标签包括板上功率源以广播其信号。有源RFID标签可包括RFID标签内的电池，从而允许有源RFID标签独立于RFID读取器发挥作用。因此，有源RFID系统中的RFID标签不必在发出信息之前等待从RFID读取器接收信号。相反，有源RFID标签自由地连续发出信号或信标。许多可商购获得的有源RFID系统通常在两个主要频率范围(433MHz和915MHz)之一处操作，但可使用任何合适的频率范围。通常，RFID标签必须在特定距离或频率范围内以便由其对应RFID读取器识别。
无源RFID系统包括RFID标签，这些RFID标签不包括板上功率源，而是从RFID读取器接收操作所需的能量。与有源RFID标签相反，无源RFID系统中的RFID标签在接收到提示之前不会主动地发出信号。相反，无源RFID标签在发出信号之前等待从RFID读取器接收信息。许多可商购获得的无源RFID系统通常在三个频率范围-低频(“LF”)、高频(“HF”)与近场通信(“NFC”)及超高频(“UHF”)内操作。LF带宽为125至134KHz并且包括具有大约一至十厘米的短读取范围的更长波长。HF和NFC带宽为13.56MHz并且包括具有一厘米至一米的典型读取范围的中波长。UHF带宽为865至960MHz并且包括转换为长读取范围的一米短高能波长。正如上文所述，可使用任何合适的频率。
存在包括不同尺寸的RFID标签的多种RFID系统。然而，一些更适用于需要极小对象的跟踪的技术领域。例如，日立化成株式会社(Hitachi Chemical Co.Ltd.)是RFID技术领域的主要制造商。日立化成株式会社制造的超小尺寸UHF RFID标签通常不大于1.0至13mm并且在若干厘米或更大的距离处实现RFID标签与RFID读取器之间的通信。由于其紧凑性质，日立(Hitachi)RFID标签适用于需要被识别的极小产品。每个日立RFID标签包括天线、连接到天线的IC芯片以及密封IC芯片和天线的密封材料。由于日立RFID标签将天线和IC芯片结合在单个单元中，因此日立RFID标签足够方便，可以使用例如粘合剂或胶带轻松附连到任何小对象。
日立RFID标签包括方形不锈钢板和金属天线。天线包括LC谐振电路或任何其他合适的电路并且电连接到该板。在板和天线彼此连接之后，使用密封材料将天线和板一起密封在单个单元中。密封材料主要由环氧树脂、碳和二氧化硅构成以增强日立RFID标签的耐热能力。即，RFID标签的耐热性基本上取决于密封材料的耐热能力。密封材料具有在较短时间段(诸如几秒)内承受高达250至300℃的温度的高耐热性，并且在更长时间段内对高达150℃具有耐热性。因此，日立RFID标签具有比常规RFID标签更高的耐热性并且即使在高温下仍可正常操作。与日立RFID标签有关的附加信息可见于美国专利9,171,244，该专利全文以引用方式并入本文。
图1至图2描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的示例性外科圆形缝合器械10，该外科圆形缝合器械可以适于包括RFID系统及其控制系统。缝合器械10可用于在解剖腔(诸如患者的消化道的一部分)的两个部分之间提供端到端的吻合。该示例的器械10包括外壳组件100、轴组件200、缝合头部组件300和砧座400。外壳组件100包括壳体110，该壳体限定倾斜取向的手枪式握持部112。尽管外壳组件100以手柄的形式描绘，但是这不是限制性的。在各种情况下，外壳组件100可以是例如机器人系统的部件。
外壳组件100还包括允许观察可动的指示器针的窗口114。在一些型式中，一连串的散列标记、着色区域和/或其他固定指示器邻近窗口114定位以便为指示器针提供视觉情境，从而便于操作者评估针在窗口114内的位置。指示器针的运动对应于砧座400相对于缝合头部组件300的闭合运动。散列标记、着色区域和/或其他固定指示器可限定用于击发器械10的最佳砧座闭合区。因此，当指示器针处于最佳砧座闭合区中时，用户可击发器械10。参考本文的教导内容，用于外壳组件100的各种合适的另选特征和构型对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
本示例的器械10还包括可为电池组120的形式的功率源。电池组120能够操作以为手枪式握持部112中的马达160(图15)提供电力。在各个方面，电池组120能够从外壳组件100移除。具体地讲，如图1至图2所示，电池组120可插入由壳体110限定的插座116中。一旦电池组120完全插入插座116中，电池组120的闩锁122就可弹性地接合壳体110的内部特征部以提供扣合接合。为了移除电池组120，操作者可向内按压闩锁122以使闩锁122与壳体110的内部特征部脱离接合，然后将电池组120从插座116朝近侧拉动。应当理解，电池组120和外壳组件100可以具有互补的电接触件、销和插座，和/或为在电池组120插入在插座116中时从电池组120到外壳组件100中的电动部件的电连通提供路径的其他特征部。还应当理解，在一些型式中，电池组120一体地结合在外壳组件100内，使得电池组120不能从外壳组件100移除。
轴组件200从外壳组件100朝远侧延伸，并且包括预成形的弯曲部。在一些型式中，预成形的弯曲部被配置成能够便于将缝合头部组件300定位在患者的结肠内。参考本文的教导内容，可使用的各种合适的弯曲角度和半径对本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。在一些其他型式中，轴组件200是直的，使得轴组件200缺少预成形的弯曲部。可结合到轴组件200中的各种示例性部件将在下面更详细地描述。
缝合头部组件300位于轴组件200的远侧端部处。如图1至图2所示，砧座400被配置成能够与缝合头部组件300相邻地与轴组件200可移除地联接。砧座400和缝合头部组件300被配置成能够协作以通过三种方式来操纵组织，包括夹持组织、切割组织以及缝合组织。外壳组件100的近侧端部处的旋钮130能够相对于壳体110旋转，以提供对砧座400与缝合头部组件300之间的组织的精确夹持。当外壳组件100的安全触发器140枢转远离外壳组件100的击发触发器150时，击发触发器150可被致动从而提供组织的切割和缝合。
在以下对砧座400的讨论中，当砧座400与器械10的轴组件200联接时，术语“远侧”和“近侧”及其变型将相对于砧座400的取向来使用。因此，砧座400的近侧特征部将更靠近器械10的操作者；而砧座400的远侧特征部将离器械10的操作者较远。
参见图4，本示例的砧座400包括头部420和柄部410。头部410包括限定多个钉成形凹坑414的近侧表面412。钉成形凹坑414被布置在两个同心环形阵列中。在一些其他型式中，钉成形凹坑414被布置在三个或更多个同心环形阵列中。钉成形凹坑414被配置成能够当钉被驱动到钉成形凹坑414中时使钉变形。例如，如本领域中已知的，每个钉成形凹坑414可使大致“U”形形状的钉变形为“B”形形状。如在图4中最清楚地看到的那样，近侧表面412终止于限定围绕柄部420的环形凹陷部418的外边界的内边缘416处。
柄部420限定孔422并且包括定位在孔422中的一对枢转闩锁构件430。闩锁构件430定位在孔422内，使得它们的远侧端部定位在穿过柄部420的侧壁形成的横向开口424的近侧端部处。
因此横向开口424为闩锁构件430的远侧端部434提供了从由柄部420限定的纵向轴线径向向外偏转的间隙。然而，闩锁构件430被配置成能够朝向由柄部420限定的纵向轴线径向向内弹性地偏压它们的远侧端部。闩锁构件430因此用作保持夹具。这允许砧座400能够移除地固定到缝合头部组件300的套管针330。然而，应当理解，闩锁构件430仅仅是可选的。可使用任何其他合适的部件、特征部或技术将砧座400能够移除地固定到套管针330。
除上述之外或代替上述内容，砧座400可进一步根据以下美国专利的教导内容中的至少一些进行构造并能够操作：美国专利5,205,459、美国专利5,271,544、美国专利5,275,322、美国专利5,285,945、美国专利5,292,053、美国专利5,333,773、美国专利5,350,104、美国专利5,533,661以及/或者美国专利8,910,847，这些专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。参考本文的教导内容，其他合适的构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
参见图3，本示例的缝合头部组件300联接到轴组件200的远侧端部，并且包括容纳可滑动钉驱动构件的管状壳体310。圆柱形内芯构件312在管状壳体310内朝远侧延伸。管状壳体310牢固地固定到轴组件200的外部护套210，使得管状壳体310用作用于缝合头组件300的机械接地。
套管针330被同轴地定位在管状壳体310的内芯构件312内。套管针330能够操作以响应于旋钮130相对于外壳组件100的壳体110的旋转而相对于管状壳体310朝远侧和近侧平移。套管针330包括轴332和头部334。头部334包括尖的末端336和向内延伸的近侧表面338。因此，轴332提供紧邻头部334的减小的外径，其中表面338提供轴332的该减小的外径与头部334的外径之间的过渡。尽管末端336在本示例中是尖的，但末端336不是锐利的。因此，末端336将不容易由于与组织的意外接触而对组织造成创伤。头部334和轴332的远侧部分被配置用于插入砧座420的孔422中。因此，砧座400经由因闩锁构件430而形成的扣合接合而被固定到套管针330。
如图5所示，钉驱动构件350能够操作以响应于马达160的致动而在管状壳体310内沿纵向致动。钉驱动构件350包括钉驱动器352的两个远侧呈现的同心环形阵列。钉驱动器352被布置成与上述钉成形凹坑414的布置相对应。因此，每个钉驱动器352被配置成能够当缝合头部组件300被致动时将对应的钉驱动到对应的钉成形凹坑414中。应当理解，钉驱动器352的布置可类似于如上所述的钉成形凹坑414的布置被修改。钉驱动构件350还限定孔354，该孔被配置成能够同轴地接纳管状壳体310的芯构件312。螺栓356的环形阵列从围绕孔354的远侧呈现的表面朝远侧突出。
圆柱形刀构件340同轴地定位在钉驱动构件350内。刀构件340包括远侧呈现的尖锐的圆形切割边缘342。刀构件340的尺寸被设计用于使得刀构件340限定外径，该外径小于由钉驱动器352的内环形阵列限定的直径。刀构件340还限定被配置成能够同轴地接纳管状壳体310的芯构件312的开口。形成在刀构件340中的环形阵列的开口346被配置成能够与钉驱动构件350的环形阵列的螺栓356互补，使得刀构件340经由螺栓356和开口346牢固地固定到钉驱动构件350。参考本文的教导内容，刀构件340和钉驱动构件350之间的其他合适的结构关系对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
平台构件320牢固地固定到管状壳体310。平台构件320包括限定两个同心环形阵列的钉开口324的远侧呈现的平台表面322。钉开口324被布置成与上述钉驱动器352和钉成形凹坑414的布置相对应。因此，每个钉开口324被配置成能够当缝合头部组件300被致动时为对应的钉驱动器352提供路径以驱动对应的钉穿过平台构件320并且进入对应的钉成形凹坑414中。应当理解，钉开口322的布置可类似于如上所述的钉成形凹坑414的布置被修改。还应当理解，在缝合头部组件300被致动前，可使用各种结构和技术使钉容纳在缝合头部组件300内。用于使钉容纳在缝合头部组件300内的此类结构和技术可防止在缝合头部组件300被致动之前钉无意中通过钉开口324掉落。参考本文的教导内容，此类结构和技术可采用的各种合适形式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
如图6中最清楚地看到的那样，平台构件320限定仅略大于由刀构件340限定的外径的内径。因此，平台构件320被配置成能够允许刀构件340朝远侧平移到切割边缘342远离平台表面322的点。
除上述之外或代替上述内容，缝合头部组件300可进一步根据以下美国专利的教导内容中的至少一些进行构造并能够操作：美国专利5,205,459、美国专利5,271,544、美国专利5,275,322、美国专利5,285,945、美国专利5,292,053、美国专利5,333,773、美国专利5,350,104、美国专利5,533,661和/或美国专利8,910,847，这些专利的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。参考本文的教导内容，其他合适的构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图6示出了将缝合头部组件300的部件与外壳组件100的部件联接的轴组件200的各种部件。具体地讲并且如上所述，轴组件200包括在外壳组件100和管状壳体310之间延伸的外部护套210。在本示例中，外部护套210是刚性的并且包括如上所述的预成型弯曲段。
轴组件200还包括套管针致动杆220和套管针致动带组件230。套管针致动带组件230的远侧端部牢固地固定到套管针轴332的近侧端部。套管针致动带组件230的近侧端部牢固地固定到套管针致动杆220的远侧端部。因此应当理解，套管针330将响应于套管针致动带组件230和套管针致动杆220相对于外部护套210的平移而相对于外部护套210沿纵向平移。套管针致动带组件230被配置成能够弯曲使得当套管针致动带组件230相对于外部护套210沿纵向平移时套管针致动带组件230可沿轴组件200中的预成型曲线前进。然而，套管针致动带组件230具有足够的柱强度和拉伸强度，以将远侧力和近侧力从套管针致动杆220传递到套管针轴332。套管针致动杆220是刚性的。夹具222牢固地固定到套管针致动杆220，并被配置成能够与外壳组件100内的互补特征部协作以防止套管针致动杆220在外壳组件100内旋转，同时仍允许套管针致动杆220在外壳组件100内沿纵向平移。套管针致动杆220还包括粗糙螺旋状螺纹224和细小螺旋状螺纹226。
轴组件200还包括以能够滑动的方式接收在外部护套210内的缝合头部组件驱动器240。缝合头部组件驱动器240的远侧端部牢固地固定到钉驱动构件350的近侧端部。缝合头部组件驱动器240的近侧端部经由销242而被固定到驱动托架250。因此应当理解，钉驱动构件350将响应于缝合头部组件驱动器240和驱动托架250相对于外部护套210的平移而相对于外部护套210沿纵向平移。缝合头部组件驱动器240被配置成能够弯曲使得当缝合头部组件驱动器240相对于外部护套210沿纵向平移时，缝合头部组件驱动器240可沿轴组件200中的预成型曲线前进。然而，缝合头部组件驱动器240具有足够的柱强度以将远侧力从驱动托架250传递到钉驱动构件350。
应当理解，轴组件200还可包括外部护套210内的一个或多个间隔元件。此类间隔元件可以被配置成能够当套管针致动带组件230和/或缝合头部组件驱动器240平移穿过外部护套210时支撑套管针驱动带组件230和/或缝合头部组件驱动器240。例如，当套管针致动带组件230和/或缝合头部组件驱动器240平移穿过外部护套210时，此类间隔元件可防止套管针致动带组件230和/或缝合头部组件驱动器240屈曲。参考本文的教导内容，此类隔离元件可采用的各种合适的形式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
除上述之外或代替上述内容，轴组件200可进一步根据以下美国专利的教导内容中的至少一些进行构造并能够操作：美国专利5,205,459、美国专利5,271,544、美国专利5,275,322、美国专利5,285,945、美国专利5,292,053、美国专利5,333,773、美国专利5,350,104、美国专利5,533,661和/或美国专利8,910,847，这些专利的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文。参考本文的教导内容，其他合适的构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
外科器械10及其他适合与本公开一起使用的器械的附加操作细节也在2015年6月26日提交的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLER WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL LOCKOUT”的美国专利公布20160374665中有所描述，该专利据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
器械1100在许多方面类似于器械10。例如，与器械10一样，器械1100是被配置成能够抓持、缝合和/或切割组织的外科器械。另外，与器械10一样，器械1100包括轴组件1206(图12)、缝合头部组件1300(图12)和砧座1200(图12)。另外，器械1100包括闭锁组件，诸如砧座闭锁组件1170。砧座闭锁组件1170通常被配置成一旦安全触发器1140被致动就能够防止砧座的纵向位置的进一步调整。可能期望此类特征，因为一旦到达合适的间隙距离(d)，砧座的闭锁就可以防止操作者不当地改变间隙距离d。砧座闭锁组件1170包括内闭锁构件1172、外闭锁构件1176和致动构件1180。如图8中最清楚地看到的那样，内闭锁构件1172围绕旋钮1130的一部分设置并且牢固地固定到其上。本示例的内闭锁构件1172包括从内闭锁构件1172径向向外延伸的多个三角形齿1174。齿1174被配置成能够与外闭锁构件1176的对应齿1184接合以防止旋钮1130的旋转，从而防止套管针致动杆1122的平移。
适合与本公开一起使用的各种闭锁组件在以下专利中有所描述：2006年12月5日公布的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A FIRING LOCKOUT FOR ANUNCLOSED ANVIL”的美国专利7,143,923；2006年5月16日公布的名称为“SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SINGLE LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OFFIRING”的美国专利7044352；2006年2月21日公布的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT HAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS”的美国专利7000818；2006年1月24日公布的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SPENTCARTRIDGE LOCKOUT”的美国专利6988649；以及2005年12月27日公布的名称为“SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN E-BEAM FIRING MECHANISM”的美国专利6,978,921，这些专利全文以引用方式并入本文。
外闭锁构件1176具有大致圆柱形形状并且限定开口1177，该开口的尺寸被设定成接纳内闭锁构件1172。外闭锁构件1176的内径限定多个齿1178，该多个齿对应于内闭锁构件1172的齿1147。齿1178被配置成能够接合内闭锁构件1172的齿1174以通过防止旋钮1130的进一步旋转来防止砧座1200的纵向位置的进一步调整。外闭锁构件1176还包括从外闭锁构件1176的外径径向向外凸出的多个突起1179。突起1179设置在壳体1112内的对应通道1113中以将外闭锁构件1176旋转地固定在适当的位置，同时仍允许至少一些平移。
尽管本示例的内闭锁构件1172和外闭锁构件1176被示出为包括齿1174、1178，但是应当理解，在其他示例中，可使用任何其他合适的表面处理或几何形状。例如，在一些示例中，闭锁构件1172、1176包括对应滚花表面、隆起、花键、脊、止动器特征部或任何其他合适的可被配置成能够相应地接合而防止闭锁构件1172、1176之间的相对旋转运动的表面处理或几何形状。
致动构件1180包括从外闭锁构件1176延伸到安全触发器1140的细长主体1182。具体地讲，主体1182包括触发器托架1184，该触发器托架被配置成能够与安全触发器1140联接。触发器托架1184包括通道1185，该通道允许托架1184以能够枢转的方式联接到安全触发器1140。相似地，主体1182的近侧端部被配置成能够与外闭锁构件1176的至少一个突起1179联接。因此，安全触发器1140的运动经由致动构件1180来传递到外闭锁构件1176。换句话讲，外闭锁构件1176响应于安全触发器1140的枢转而沿纵向平移。外闭锁构件1176通常响应于安全触发器1140以选择性地锁定砧座1200的致动。
图9至图11示出了砧座闭锁组件1170的示例性操作序列。如从图9中可以看出，砧座闭锁组件1170初始在解锁状态下开始。在这种状态下，外闭锁构件1176朝近侧远离内闭锁构件1172定位，使得内闭锁构件1172能够相对于外闭锁构件1176自由地旋转。应当理解，当内闭锁构件1172能够自由地旋转时，旋钮1130相似地自由地旋转，使得可经由套管针致动杆1122来调整砧座的纵向位置。
一旦操作者已旋转旋钮1130以调整砧座的纵向位置而实现适当的间隙距离d，就可能期望防止砧座的纵向位置的进一步调整。图10示出了处于锁定状态的砧座闭锁组件1170。为了将砧座闭锁组件1170推进到锁定状态，操作者可使安全触发器1140朝近侧枢转。安全触发器1140的近侧运动致使安全触发器1140朝远侧驱动致动构件1180。
致动构件1180的远侧运动引起外闭锁构件1176的对应运动。当外闭锁构件1176朝远侧运动时，外闭锁构件1176的齿1178将开始接合内闭锁构件1176的齿1174。一旦外闭锁构件1176的齿1178与内闭锁构件1176的齿1174完全接合，外闭锁构件1176就将经由突起1179和壳体1112来防止内闭锁构件1172的相对旋转运动。由于内闭锁构件1172牢固地固定到旋钮1130，也将防止旋钮1130的旋转运动。在旋钮1130锁定在适当的位置的情况下，将防止砧座的纵向位置的进一步调整。在防止砧座的纵向位置的进一步调整的情况下，操作者随后可致动击发触发器1142以引发缝合序列。
在一些示例中，可能期望使用致动机构1190(诸如螺线管)来驱动外闭锁构件1176。如图11所示，致动机构1190与致动构件1180的纵向轴线对准并且牢固地固定到致动构件1180。为了适应致动机构1190，可缩短或以其他方式修改致动构件1180以与致动机构1190相交。致动机构1190包括多个电线1192，该多个电线可连接到电路板、开关和/或传感器。在各种示例中，电线1192连接到控制电路1210(图15)。在各种示例中，致动机构1190可使用采用与器械100的安全触发器1040相似的构型的安全触发器1140来致动。例如，安全触发器1140的致动可完成电路，该电路激活致动机构1190，从而将闭锁构件1176沿纵向驱动成与闭锁构件1172接合。
在操作中，致动机构1190通常提供与安全触发器1140相同的功能，不同的是致动机构1190消除了致动构件1180的必要性以将整个距离延伸到安全触发器1140。尽管致动机构1190在本文中被示出和描述为包括螺线管，但是应当理解，参考本文的教导内容，可使用对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的任何其他合适的致动器。
主要参见图12至图14，圆形缝合器的不同问题在于其砧座能够从其缝合头部组件拆下，并且必须单独地以不同方式从不同进入点引入到外科手术部位。因此，与其他缝合器械不同，圆形缝合器存在砧座-钉头部组件不匹配和/或砧座-钉仓不匹配的风险。此外，为了适当装配或联接，砧座和缝合头部组件必须以特定取向相对于彼此适当取向于外科手术部位处。如图13所示的砧座和对应缝合头部组件的不当取向可导致砧座的钉成形凹坑414(图12)与钉仓1320的钉开口324(图3)之间的不对准，从而可导致不当钉成形。另外，砧座和对应缝合头部组件的不当取向可导致砧座相对于缝合头部组件的不当座置。不当座置或部分座置的砧座可发生离座或与缝合头部组件分开，原因是在闭合期间来自砧座与缝合头部组件之间捕获的组织的外部施加的负载。
为了解决上述问题，外科器械1100包括配备有射频识别(RFID)标签1201的砧座1200，该RFID标签能够由外科器械1100的缝合头部组件1300上的RFID扫描仪1202识别或检测。同样，钉仓1320包括也能够由RFID扫描仪1202识别或检测的RFID标签1203。RFID标签1201存储关于砧座1200的信息，并且RFID标签1203存储关于钉仓1320的信息。如下所述，可为了认证和/或兼容性而检查和比较该信息。
本文所述的识别机构可以是有源系统或无源系统。在各种实施方案中，使用有源识别系统和无源识别系统的组合。无源系统可包括例如条形码、快速响应(QR)码和/或射频识别(RFID)标签。无源系统不包括内部功率源，并且本文所述的无源系统需要读取器和/或扫描仪发送第一信号，诸如询问信号。
无源射频识别(RFID)系统通过使用无线电频率来传送信息。此类无源RFID系统包括RFID扫描仪和没有内部功率源的RFID标签。RFID标签由从RFID扫描仪传递的电磁能供电。每个RFID标签包括存储关于可替换部件和/或可替换部件可与之兼容的外科器械的信息的芯片，诸如微芯片。虽然芯片可仅包含识别号，但在各种情况下，芯片可存储附加信息，诸如制造数据、配送数据和/或维护历史。每个RFID标签包括无线电天线，该无线电天线允许RFID标签与RFID扫描仪通信。无线电天线扩展RFID标签可从RFID扫描仪接收信号并且将响应信号传递回RFID扫描仪的范围。在无源RFID系统中，也包括其自身天线的RFID扫描仪传递无线电信号，这些无线电信号激活被定位在预先确定的范围内的RFID标签。RFID扫描仪被配置成能够接收从RFID标签“反弹回来”的响应信号，从而允许RFID扫描仪捕获代表可替换部件的识别信息。在各种情况下，该一个或多个响应信号包括与询问信号相同的信号。在各种情况下，该一个或多个响应信号包括来自询问信号的修改信号。在各种情况下，RFID扫描仪还能够将信息直接写入或编码到RFID标签上。在任何情况下，RFID扫描仪能够将关于可替换部件的信息传递到控制器，诸如外科器械和/或远程外科系统或集线器的控制系统。RFID扫描仪被配置成能够在RFID标签被无线电信号激活时同时读取多个RFID标签。另外，在某些情况下，RFID扫描仪能够更新或重写存储在RFID扫描仪的信号范围内的RFID标签上的信息。可例如将这些更新从外科集线器或任何合适的服务器传递到RFID扫描仪。各种外科集线器在2018年12月4日提交的名称为“METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,395中有所描述，该专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
有源射频识别(RFID)系统还包括RFID标签和RFID扫描仪。然而，有源RFID系统中的RFID标签包括内部功率源。有源RFID系统利用电池供电的RFID标签，这些电池供电的RFID标签被配置成能够连续地广播其自身的信号。一种类型的有源RFID标签通常被称为“信标”。此类信标RFID标签不等待从RFID扫描仪接收第一信号。相反，信标RFID标签连续地传递其存储的信息。例如，信标可以以每3至5秒的间隔发出其信息。另一种类型的有源RFID标签包括转发器。在此类系统中，RFID扫描仪首先传递信号。然后RFID转发器标签将信号与相关信息一起发送回RFID扫描仪。此类RFID转发器标签系统是有效的，因为在例如RFID标签在RFID扫描仪的范围之外时它们延长电池寿命。在各种情况下，有源RFID标签包括板上传感器以跟踪环境参数。例如，板上传感器可跟踪湿度水平、温度和/或其他可能相关的数据。
在操作中，砧座1200联接或附接到缝合头部组件1300，如图12所示。当RFID标签1201处于或低于由围绕RFID扫描仪1202延伸的周长的半径(R)限定的附接阈值距离时，RFID扫描仪1202能够检测或识别RFID标签1201。当砧座1200联接或附接到缝合头部组件1300时，附接距离是RFID标签1201与RFID扫描仪1203之间的距离。
除上述之外，RFID标签1303被定位在缝合头部组件1300的平台构件320下方，并且也可由RFID扫描仪1202检测。如下文更详细描述的，RFID扫描仪1202与RFID标签1201、1203中的一者或两者之间的信号强度可用于确定砧座1200是否相对于缝合头部组件1300适当取向和/或完全座置。
参见图12，砧座1200在许多方面类似于砧座400。例如，与砧座400一样，砧座1200包括头部410、钉成形凹坑414和柄部1420。在图12的示例中，RFID标签1201由柄部1420支撑在其外表面上的孔422附近。在至少一个示例中，在柄部1420中限定凹陷部或凹坑，并且RFID标签1201定位在凹陷部或凹坑中。可使用任何合适的技术诸如摩擦配合或生物相容性粘合剂将RFID标签1201保持在凹陷部或凹坑中的适当位置。
如上文更详细描述的，通过以下方式将砧座1200与缝合头部组件1300联接或装配在一起：朝向套管针330推进砧座1200，使得穿过孔422接纳套管针330，如图12所示。套管针330的头部334的近侧表面338和柄部1420的闩锁搁架436具有互补的位置和构型，使得在砧座1200的柄部1420完全座置在缝合头部组件1300的套管针330上时闩锁搁架436接合近侧表面338，如图14所示。因此，砧座1200经由因闩锁构件430而形成的扣合接合而被固定到套管针330。在图14所示的示例中，RFID标签1201处于第一纵向位置，该第一纵向位置在套管针330的头部334的尖的末端226的第二纵向位置的远侧或略微远侧。
在至少一个示例中，RFID标签1201被定位在柄部1420上的第一纵向位置处，当砧座1200相对于缝合头部组件1300适当取向和完全座置时，该第一纵向位置对应于或基本上对应于套管针330的头部334的末端336的第二纵向位置。换句话讲，套管针330的头部334的末端336在接纳在柄部1420中的其最终座置位置处时与RFID标签1201横向对准或至少基本上对准。在至少一个示例中，RFID标签1201被定位在柄部1420上并且在孔422的远侧并在横向开口424的近侧和/或在闩锁构件430的近侧的位置处(图3至图4)。
参见图12，RFID扫描仪1202位于圆柱形内芯构件1312的外表面上，该圆柱形内芯构件在缝合头部组件1300的管状壳体1310内朝远侧延伸。管状壳体1310牢固地固定到轴组件1206的外部护套210，使得管状壳体1310用作用于缝合头组件1300的机械接地。RFID扫描仪1202由内芯构件1312支撑在其外表面上的其远侧端部附近。在至少一个示例中，在内芯构件1312中限定凹陷部或凹坑，并且RFID扫描仪1202定位在凹陷部或凹坑中。可使用任何合适的技术诸如摩擦配合或生物相容性粘合剂将RFID扫描仪1202保持在凹陷部或凹坑中的适当位置。另选地，RFID扫描仪1202可定位在圆柱形内芯构件1312的内表面上。在图12的示例中，RFID扫描仪1202位于钉仓1320的平台构件320下方的内芯构件1312的远侧部分处。在各种示例中，使用任何合适的绝缘材料使RFID标签1201和RFID标签1203分别与柄部1420和内芯构件1312绝缘。
在各种示例中，RFID标签1201和RFID标签1203能够在器械1100的闭合构型中由RFID扫描仪1202识别或检测，在该闭合构型中组织被捕获在砧座1200与缝合头部组件1300之间。
图15示出了根据本公开的一个或多个方面的外科器械或工具的控制系统1211的逻辑图。控制系统1211包括控制电路1210，例如，该控制电路可与RFID扫描仪1202集成在一起或可联接到外壳组件100中的RFID扫描仪1202，但与该RFID扫描仪分开定位。控制电路1210可被配置成能够从RFID扫描仪1202接收输入，该输入指示存储在RFID标签1203中的关于钉仓1320的信息和/或存储在RFID标签1201中的关于砧座1200的信息。
在各种示例中，RFID标签1203存储钉仓1320的识别信息并且RFID标签1201存储砧座1200的识别信息。在此类示例中，控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪1202接收指示钉仓1320的识别信息的输入并且基于该输入来验证钉仓1320的身份。此外，控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪1202接收指示砧座1200的识别信息的输入并且基于该输入来验证砧座1200的身份。
在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210包括微控制器1213，该微控制器具有处理器1214和存储介质(诸如存储器1212)。存储器1212存储用于执行各种过程(诸如身份验证)的程序指令。程序指令在由处理器1214执行时使处理器1214通过以下方式验证钉仓1320的身份和砧座1200的身份：将从RFID标签1201、1203接收到的识别信息与以例如身份数据库或表格的形式存储在存储器1212中的识别信息进行比较。
在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210可被配置成能够基于来自RFID扫描仪1202的输入来检查砧座1200与缝合头部组件1300的钉仓1320的兼容性。处理器1214可例如对照存储在存储器1212中的兼容性数据库或表格来检查砧座1200和钉仓1320的身份信息。
在各种示例中，存储器1212包括器械1100的本地存储器。在其他示例中，可从远程服务器下载身份数据库或表格和/或兼容性数据库或表格。在各个方面，器械1100可将从RFID标签1201、1203接收到的信息传递到存储数据库或表格的远程服务器以便远程地执行身份和/或兼容性检查。
图16是过程1220的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于操作外科缝合器械(诸如器械1100)的控制程序或逻辑配置。在至少一个示例中，过程1220由控制电路1210(图15)执行，该控制电路包括处理器1214和存储计算机可执行指令集的存储器1212，该计算机可执行指令集在由处理器1214执行时使处理器1214执行过程1220。在某些示例中，存储在存储器1212中的计算机可执行指令集可使处理器1214执行过程1220的离散部分。尽管过程1220被描述为由控制电路1210执行，但是这仅是为了简洁起见，并且应当理解，过程1220和本文所述的其他过程或其部分可以由可包括多种硬件和/或软件部件并可位于各种合适的系统(诸如组合逻辑电路或时序逻辑电路)中或与各种合适的系统相关联的电路执行。
如图16所示，过程1220包括在1231处检测钉仓1320的识别信息。在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪1202接收输入，该输入指示存储在RFID标签1203中的钉仓1320的识别信息。如果钉仓ID的认证不成功或未检测到钉仓ID，则控制电路1210使指示器1209在1241处警示钉仓1320未被附接和/或钉仓认证失败。
在各种情况下，指示器1209可包括例如一个或多个视觉反馈系统，诸如显示屏、背光源和/或LED。在某些情况下，指示器1209可包括例如一个或多个音频反馈系统，诸如扬声器和/或蜂鸣器。在某些情况下，指示器1209可包括例如一个或多个触觉反馈系统。在某些情况下，指示器1209可包括例如视觉、音频和/或触觉反馈系统的组合。
过程1220还包括在1232处验证钉仓1320和器械1100的兼容性。在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210对照可存储在例如存储器1212中的钉仓-器械兼容性数据库或表格来检查钉仓1320的识别信息。如果在1232处验证了兼容性，则控制电路1210使指示器1209在1242处警示钉仓1320与器械1100兼容。在该阶段，控制电路1210还可使指示器1209在1246处就附接的钉仓1320的颜色和/或尺寸警示用户。
过程1220还包括在1233处验证仓击发状态。钉仓通常在击发之后被处置。为了确保先前击发的钉仓不会在没有钉的情况下意外重新使用，先前已击发的钉仓1320的RFID标签1201存储先前击发状态。在至少一个示例中，在击发序列完成之后，控制电路1210使RFID扫描仪1202将钉仓1320的击发状态从未击发状态改变为先前击发状态。此外，如果控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪1202接收到指示附接的钉仓1320先前已被击发的输入，则控制电路1210可使指示器1209在1243处向用户警示这种情形。
过程1220还包括在1234处检测砧座1200的识别信息。在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪1202接收输入，该输入指示存储在RFID标签1201中的砧座1200的识别信息。如果砧座ID的认证不成功或如果未接收到砧座ID，则控制电路1210可使指示器1209在1244处警示砧座未被附接和/或砧座认证失败。
仍然参见图16，如果在1234处检测到适当砧座识别，则过程1220进一步在1235处检查砧座1200和钉仓13020的兼容性。如果砧座1200和钉仓13020不兼容，则过程1220在1245处就该不匹配警示用户。然而，如果砧座1200和钉仓13020兼容，则控制电路1210在1236处允许闭合驱动组件136(图15)继续在1237处进行砧座闭合。在砧座闭合期间，控制电路1210继续监测RFID扫描仪1202以确保砧座1200在整个闭合过程中保持附接或联接到缝合头部组件1300。如果在闭合期间RFID扫描仪1202丢失来自RFID标签1201的信号，则控制电路1210使闭合驱动组件136暂停该闭合，并且在1244处向用户警示砧座1200未被附接或至少未被检测到。否则，砧座闭合继续，直至通过在1238处达到预先确定的区或阈值而在1238处实现砧座1200与缝合头部组件1300之间的闭合构型。在处于或超过预先确定的区或阈值时，控制电路1210在1239处允许击发驱动组件1136开始击发序列以缝合和切割在闭合构型中捕获在砧座1200与钉仓1320之间的组织。
过程1220还包括在1247处评估或检测砧座相对于缝合头部组件1300的取向和/或座置。如图12所示，当闩锁搁架436接合近侧表面338时，砧座1200的柄部1420完全座置在缝合头部组件1300的套管针330上。此时，RFID标签1201达到或跨越附接阈值距离，因此被RFID扫描仪1202检测到。RFID扫描仪1202对RFID标签1201的检测指示砧座1200相对于缝合头部组件1300的完全座置。在至少一个示例中，从RFID扫描仪1202接收指示RFID标签1201的检测的输入使控制电路1210确定砧座1200相对于缝合头部组件1300完全座置。
参见图12和图15，在各种示例中，除了RFID扫描仪1202之外，还采用RFID扫描仪1204来检测RFID标签1201和/或RFID标签1203。RFID扫描仪1204可定位在缝合头部组件1300内。在图12所示的示例中，RFID扫描仪1204由管状壳体1310支撑。除了从RFID扫描仪1202接收输入之外，控制电路1210还可被配置成能够从RFID扫描仪1204接收输入。在至少一个示例中，RFID扫描仪1204被配置成能够检测RFID标签1203，而RFID扫描仪1202可被配置成能够检测RFID标签1201。
就砧座取向而言，控制电路1210被配置成能够通过使用RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204检测和测量RFID标签1201所传递的信号的强度来确定附接的砧座1200是否相对于缝合头部组件1300适当取向。在砧座1200的适当取向中，RFID扫描仪1202检测来自RFID标签1201的信号并且测量与RFID标签1201和RFID扫描仪1202之间的距离d1相对应的独特的第一信号强度。同样，RFID扫描仪1204检测来自RFID标签1201的信号并且测量与RFID标签1201和RFID扫描仪1204之间的距离d2相对应的独特的第二信号强度。控制电路1210可被配置成能够基于第一信号强度和/或第二信号强度来评估砧座1200的适当取向。
图13描绘了砧座1200的不当取向，其中柄部1420与缝合头部组件1300处于远离适当取向的角度α。砧座1200和缝合头部组件1300之间不对准使得距离d1、d2不同于它们在适当取向时的值，从而使得第一信号强度和第二信号强度不同于它们在适当取向时的值。在图13的示例中，砧座1200和缝合头部组件1300之间不对准会增加距离d1的值并且减小距离d2的值。因此，与它们在适当取向时的值相比，图13处的不对准会减小第一信号强度并且增加第二信号强度。
因此，通过监测RFID标签1201所传递的信号的强度，控制电路1210能够评估砧座1200是否相对于1300适当取向。在各种情况下，存储器1212存储代表砧座1200的适当取向的信号强度值或范围的数据库或表格。在此类情况下，控制电路1210可对照数据库或表格中的值或范围来检查RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204所收集的信号强度值以评估砧座1200是否适当取向。
在各种示例中，如上所述，在确定砧座1200完全座置之后，由控制电路1210检查砧座1200相对于缝合头部组件1300的适当取向。在其他示例中，在器械1100的闭合或至少部分闭合的构型下，由控制电路1210检查砧座1200相对于缝合头部组件1300的适当取向。在某些示例中，在由RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204检测RFID标签1201之后，由控制电路1210连续地检查砧座1200相对于缝合头部组件1300的适当取向。
图17描绘了过程1250的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于使外科缝合器械的砧座相对于缝合头部组件适当取向的控制程序或逻辑配置。在至少一个示例中，过程1250由控制电路1210(图15)执行，该控制电路包括处理器1214和存储计算机可执行指令集的存储器1212，该计算机可执行指令集在由处理器1214执行时使处理器1214执行过程1250。在某些示例中，存储在存储器1212中的计算机可执行指令集可使处理器1214执行过程1250的离散部分。尽管过程1250被描述为由控制电路1210执行，但是这仅是为了简洁起见，并且应当理解，过程1250和本文所述的其他过程或其部分可以由可包括多种硬件和/或软件部件并可位于各种合适的系统(诸如组合逻辑电路或时序逻辑电路)中或与各种合适的系统相关联的电路执行。
参见图15和图17，控制电路1210被配置成能够在1251处检测砧座1200相对于缝合头部组件1300的不当取向，如上所述。此外，控制电路1210可采用指示器1209在1252处就该不当取向警示用户。另外，控制电路1210可在1253处通过指示器1209建议砧座1200的方向和/或旋转度以实现适当取向。控制电路1210可继续在1254处基于来自RFID扫描仪1201和/或RFID扫描仪1204的输入来检查是否实现适当取向。当控制电路1210检测到适当取向时，控制电路1210可进一步使指示器1209在1255处向用户警示砧座1200现在与缝合头部组件1300适当对准。
如上文更详细描述的，器械1100包括砧座闭锁组件1170。砧座闭锁组件1170通常被配置成一旦安全触发器1140被致动就能够防止砧座的纵向位置的进一步调整。在各种示例中，砧座闭锁组件1170包括外闭锁构件1176，该外闭锁构件通常响应于安全触发器1140而选择性地锁定砧座1200的致动。在其他示例中，控制电路1210被配置成能够使用致动机构1190(诸如螺线管)来驱动外闭锁构件1176。在任一情况下，砧座闭锁组件1170被配置成能够在解锁状态与锁定状态之间转变，其中：(i)在解锁状态下，闭锁组件1170被配置成能够允许砧座1200平移，并且(ii)在锁定状态下，闭锁组件1170被配置成能够防止砧座1200平移。在各种示例中，基于来自RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204的指示检测到RFID标签1201的输入，控制电路1210采用指示器1209向用户警示可以安全地将闭锁组件1170转变到解锁状态。在其他示例中，基于来自RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204的指示检测到RFID标签1201的输入，控制电路1210采用致动机构1190将闭锁组件1170转变到解锁状态。
除上述之外，在某些示例中，基于来自RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204的输入的丢失或来自RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204的指示RFID标签1201所传递的信号的丢失的输入，控制电路1210检测砧座1200从缝合头部组件1300分离。作为响应，控制电路1210可使指示器1209向用户警示砧座1200的分离，并且任选地，提供与砧座1200重新附接到缝合头部组件1300有关的指令。除此之外或另选地，控制电路1210可使致动机构1190将闭锁组件1170转变到锁定状态，直到控制电路1210基于来自RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204的指示例如来自RFID标签1201的信号的重新检测的输入而检测到砧座1200的重新附接。
参见图15，马达160、1160分别联接到马达驱动器161和1161，所述马达驱动器被配置成能够控制马达160和1160的操作，包括电能从功率源(例如，电池组120)到马达160和1160的流动。在各种示例中，处理器1214通过马达驱动器1160、1161联接到马达160、1160。在各种形式中，马达160和/或马达1160可以是具有齿轮箱和机械连杆的有刷直流(DC)马达以实现外科端部执行器的组织处理。在一个方面，马达驱动器1160、1161可为可购自Allegro Microsystems,Inc的A3941的形式。其他马达驱动器可容易地被替换以与控制系统11211一起使用。
在各种形式中，马达160、1160可为具有大约25,000RPM的最大旋转速度的有刷DC驱动马达。在其他布置方式中，马达160、1160可包括无刷马达、无绳马达、同步马达、步进马达或任何其他合适的电动马达。马达驱动器161、1161可包括例如包括场效应晶体管(FET)的H桥驱动器。马达160、1160可由功率源供电。功率源可包括电池，该电池可包括串联连接的、可用作功率源以为外科器械或工具供电的多个电池单元。在某些情况下，功率源的电池单元可以是可替换的和/或可再充电的。在至少一个示例中，电池单元可为锂离子电池，其能够联接到功率源并且能够与功率源分离。
在各个方面，根据本公开的马达驱动器可为全桥控制器，其用于与针对电感负载(诸如有刷DC马达)特别设计的外部N沟道功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)一起使用。马达驱动器可包括独特的电荷泵调整器，其为低至7V的电池电压提供完整的(>10V)栅极驱动并且允许A3941在低至5.5V的减小的栅极驱动下操作。可采用自举电容器来提供N沟道MOSFET所需的上述电池供电电压。高边驱动装置的内部电荷泵允许直流(100％占空比)操作。可使用二极管或同步整流在快衰减模式或慢衰减模式下驱动全桥。在慢衰减模式下，电流再循环可穿过高边FET或低边FET。通过电阻器可调式空载时间保护功率FET不被击穿。综合诊断提供欠压、过热和功率桥故障的指示，并且可被配置成能够在大多数短路条件下保护功率MOSFET。其他马达驱动器可容易地被替换以用于包括绝对定位系统的跟踪系统480中。
在各个方面，本公开的马达中的一个或多个马达可包括与齿轮组件能够操作地交接的可旋转轴，该齿轮组件被安装成与例如击发驱动组件1163或闭合驱动组件163的位移构件上的一组驱动齿或驱动齿的齿条啮合接合。传感器元件可以能够操作地联接到齿轮组件，使得位置传感器元件的单次旋转对应于位移构件的一些线性纵向平移。传动装置和传感器的布置方式可经由齿条和小齿轮布置方式连接至线性致动器，或者经由直齿齿轮或其他连接连接至旋转致动器。功率源为绝对定位系统供应功率，并且输出指示器可显示绝对定位系统的输出。位移构件表示纵向可运动驱动构件，该纵向可运动驱动构件包括形成于其上的驱动齿的齿条，以用于与齿轮减速器组件的对应驱动齿轮啮合接合。位移构件表示可纵向运动的闭合构件、击发构件、击发杆、I形梁或它们的组合。
在某些示例中，如图15所示，砧座1200向与缝合头部组件1300的闭合构型的转变由马达1160驱动。在此类示例中，如上所述，如果控制电路1210基于来自RFID扫描仪1202和/或RFID扫描仪1204的输入而检测到砧座1200的适当取向、完全座置和/或适当身份，则控制电路1210允许马达1160驱动砧座1200的闭合。因此，检测到未能确立砧座1200的适当取向、完全座置和/或适当身份中的一者或多者会使控制电路1210防止马达1160开始和/或完成砧座1200的闭合。
在某些示例中，如果基于如RFID扫描仪1202、1204所报告的存储在RFID标签1201、1203中的信息而确认钉仓-砧座兼容性，则控制电路1210允许马达160驱动钉击发和圆柱形刀构件340的推进。相反，如果无法基于如RFID扫描仪1202、1204所报告的存储在RFID标签1201、1203中的信息而确立钉仓-砧座兼容性，则控制电路1210被配置成能够防止马达160驱动钉击发和圆柱形刀构件340的推进。
在各种示例中，RFID标签1201、1203和RFID扫描仪1202、1204中的一者或多者的天线可补充有在连接时接合的增益天线。在各种示例中，可在外科器械1100的正常操作期间以计划方式切割外科器械1100上的有源RFID标签(诸如RFID标签1201和RFID标签1203)的天线。来自此类RFID标签的丢失的信号可表示外科任务的完成。
在各个方面，RFID标签可沿着圆柱形刀构件340的路径定位。例如，RFID标签可通过其天线将信号传递到RFID扫描仪1202。当天线被刀构件340切断时，信号丢失。信号丢失可确认刀构件340的推进。
在一个示例中，RFID标签被定位在砧座1200的可断裂垫圈上。在此类示例中，由刀构件340朝向刀构件340的全远侧运动范围的末端断裂该可断裂垫圈。刀构件340在断裂该可断裂垫圈的同时切割RFID标签的天线。当天线被切断时，例如从RFID标签传递到RFID扫描仪1202的信号丢失。RFID扫描仪1202可联接到控制电路1210，并且可向控制电路1210报告该信号丢失。该信号丢失被控制电路1210解释为指示外科器械1100的击发序列的完成。
在各个方面，如上文更详细描述的，外科器械(诸如器械1100)包括砧座1200，该砧座能够朝缝合头部组件1300运动以在闭合构型中将组织捕获在该砧座和该缝合头部组件之间。然后在外科器械1100的击发序列中缝合和切割组织。器械1100还包括RFID标签(诸如RFID标签1201)和RFID扫描仪(诸如被配置成能够读取和/或写入到RFID标签1201的RFID扫描仪1202)。RFID标签1201和RFID扫描仪1202限定RFID系统，控制电路1210可采用该RFID系统基于来自组织的RF信号反向散射来确定组织的特性。
可选择RFID标签1201和RFID扫描仪1202相对于抓持在砧座1200与缝合头部组件1300之间的组织的位置以实现RF信号反向散射的最佳测量。在至少一个示例中，RFID标签1201和RFID扫描仪1202可被定位在组织的相对两侧上。
可收集来自反向散射数据的RF信号并且将该RF信号与已知的组织特性关联以允许组织分析。在各个方面，可分析反向散射数据的光谱特性以确定组织的各种特性。在至少一个示例中，采用反向散射数据来识别组织内的边界特征。在至少一个示例中，可使用反向散射数据来评估抓持在砧座1200与缝合头部组件1300之间的组织的厚度。
图18描绘了外科器械2200，该外科器械可选择性地由多个不同端部执行器(诸如端部执行器2210、2210’)中的任何一个端部执行器、多个不同轴(诸如轴2230、2230’、2230”、2230”’)中的任何一个轴和外壳组件2240装配。基于包括外科规程类型、组织类型和/或患者解剖结构在内的各种因素来选择外科器械2200的部件。
在各种情况下，外科器械2200的端部执行器是不同尺寸的圆形缝合器端部执行器。在图18的示例中，描绘了25mm和31mm圆形缝合器端部执行器。然而，这不是限制性的，其他合适的端部执行器可容易地与外科器械2200一起使用。在图18所示的示例中，轴2230、2230’、2230”、2230”’具有长度和/或曲率不同的外形。然而，这不是限制性的，具有其他合适的轴外形的轴可容易地与外科器械2200一起使用。
除上述之外，轴2230、2230’、2230”、2230”’分别包括存储轴信息的RFID标签2203、2203’、2203”、2203”’，如下文更详细描述。另外，端部执行器2210、2210’分别包括存储端部执行器信息的RFID标签2201、2201’，下文更详细描述。
图19描绘了由端部执行器2210、轴2230和外壳组件2240装配的示例性外科器械2200的示意图。为了清楚起见，移除了端部执行器2210、轴2230和外壳组件2240的各种部件和/或部件之间的连接。外科器械2200在许多方面类似于外科器械100、1100。例如，端部执行器2210具有在许多方面类似于缝合头部组件300、1300的缝合头部组件2300和在许多方面类似于砧座400、1200的砧座2400。
在操作中，如上文相对于外科器械100、1100更详细描述的，砧座2400联接到缝合头部组件2300。然后砧座2400从起始位置朝向缝合头部组件2300回缩一定闭合行程或距离“d”以使缝合头部组件2300从打开构型转变到闭合构型。在闭合构型中，组织被抓持在砧座2400与缝合头部组件2300之间。此外，缝合头部组件2300包括容纳钉的钉仓，在闭合构型中，这些钉从钉仓朝向砧座2400部署。这些钉穿过抓持的组织部署并且由砧座2400的钉成形凹坑414成形。另外，刀构件340朝远侧平移到一定点，在该点处切割边缘342在缝合头部组件2300的平台表面322的远侧以切割组织。
除上述之外或代替上述内容，缝合头部组件2300和砧座2400可进一步根据以下美国专利的教导内容中的至少一些进行构造和操作：美国专利5,205,459、美国专利5,271,544、美国专利5,275,322、美国专利5,285,945、美国专利5,292,053、美国专利5,333,773、美国专利5,350,104、美国专利5,533,661和/或美国专利8,910,847，这些专利的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。参考本文的教导内容，其他合适的构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
仍然参见图19，外壳组件2240包括一个或多个马达2160和一个或多个马达驱动器2161，它们在许多方面类似于马达160、1160和马达驱动器161、1161。在各种示例中，控制电路1210被配置成能够控制马达驱动器2161以使马达2160将砧座2400朝向缝合头部组件2300移动一定闭合行程或距离“d”，从而使端部执行器2210从打开构型转变到闭合构型。控制电路1210进一步被配置成能够控制马达驱动器2161以使马达2160在击发运动中将负载施加到端部执行器2210上，从而在闭合构型中将钉部署到端部执行器1210所抓持的组织中，并且通过将刀构件340朝远侧推进穿过组织来切割抓持的组织。在至少一个示例中，将刀构件340朝向砧座2400的可断裂垫圈推进。在此类示例中，由刀构件340朝向刀构件340的全远侧运动范围的末端断裂该可断裂垫圈。
为了外科器械2200适当缝合和切割组织，需要调整马达2160的操作参数以产生适用于外科器械2200的所选择的端部执行器2210和/或轴2230的闭合距离和/或击发负载。例如更长和/或弯曲的轴需要与更短的轴不同的闭合距离。同样，更大的钉仓通常需要比更小的钉仓更高的击发负载。为了解决该问题，外科器械2200的端部执行器配备有RFID标签2201，这些RFID标签存储端部执行器信息，并且能够由RFID扫描仪2202检测。另外，在某些情况下，外科器械2200的轴也配备有RFID标签2203，这些RFID标签存储轴信息，并且能够由RFID扫描仪2204检测。如图20所示，根据过程2250，控制电路1210可被配置成能够在2252处从RFID扫描仪2202接收指示端部执行器信息的输入，在2254处从RFID扫描仪2204接收指示轴信息的输入，并且在2256处调整马达2160的至少一个操作参数以产生基于端部执行器信息和轴信息的闭合距离和/或击发负载。
在至少一个示例中，过程2250由控制电路1210(图15)执行，该控制电路包括处理器1214和存储计算机可执行指令集的存储器1212，该计算机可执行指令集在由处理器1214执行时使处理器1214执行过程2250。在某些示例中，存储在存储器1212中的计算机可执行指令集可使处理器1214执行过程2250的离散部分。尽管过程2250被描述为由控制电路1210执行，但是这仅是为了简洁起见，并且应当理解，过程2250和本文所述的其他过程或其部分可以由可包括多种硬件和/或软件部件并可位于各种合适的系统(诸如组合逻辑电路或时序逻辑电路)中或与各种合适的系统相关联的电路执行。
在图19所示的示例中，RFID标签2201和对应RFID扫描仪2202被布置成使得在端部执行器2210与轴2230呈装配构型时RFID标签2201在RFID扫描仪2202的检测范围内。另外，RFID标签2203和对应RFID扫描仪2204被布置成使得在轴2230与外壳组件2240呈装配构型时RFID标签2203在RFID扫描仪2204的检测范围内。因此，RFID扫描仪2202被定位在轴2230的远侧部分处，而RFID标签2203被定位在轴2230的近侧部分处。在至少一个示例中，RFID标签2201和RFID扫描仪2202中的一者或两者被定位在端部执行器2210与轴2230之间的界面处。除此之外或另选地，RFID标签2203和RFID扫描仪2204中的一者或两者被定位在轴2230与外壳组件2240之间的界面处。
除上述之外，存储在RFID标签2201中的端部执行器信息可在装配构型中由RFID扫描仪2202读取，并且可被传送到控制电路1210。另外，存储在RFID标签2203中的轴信息可由RFID扫描仪2204读取，并且可被传送到控制电路1210。在各个方面，端部执行器信息可包括识别信息、制造商信息、钉仓尺寸、类型和/或颜色、砧座类型和/或用于默认闭合距离和/或击发负载的一个或多个合适的调整值。同样，轴信息可包括识别信息、制造商信息、轴外形和/或用于默认闭合距离和/或击发负载的一个或多个合适的调整值。
参见图21，曲线图2260表示Y轴上的击发负载(磅)与X轴上的击发时间(秒)之间的关系。曲线图21描绘了默认、未调整的击发算法2263和经调整的击发算法2263。曲线图2260还描绘了马达2160向外科器械2200的端部执行器2210施加的击发负载的默认最大击发负载阈值2261(例如，400磅)和最终最大击发负载阈值2262(例如，485磅)。基于存储在RFID标签2201中并且由外科器械2200的RFID扫描仪2202读取的端部执行器2210的端部执行器信息来将默认最大击发负载阈值2261调整到最终最大击发负载阈值2262。在图21的示例中，端部执行器信息表示具有比默认钉仓(例如，25mm)更大的尺寸(例如，31mm)的钉仓。默认钉仓尺寸(例如，25mm)与默认击发算法2263和默认最大击发负载阈值2261相关联。与此同时，更大的钉仓尺寸(例如，31mm)与最终击发算法2264和最终最大击发负载阈值2262相关联。
存储在RFID标签2201中的端部执行器信息可包括钉仓尺寸和/或基于仓尺寸的击发负载调整值(例如，85磅)。在钉仓尺寸的情况下，控制电路1210可使用钉仓尺寸和对应击发负载调整值的数据库或查找表来查找合适的击发负载调整值。
此外，来自RFID扫描仪2201的指示端部执行器信息的输入使控制电路1210将默认最大击发负载阈值2261(例如，400)调整到最终最大击发负载阈值2262(例如，485磅)，并且保持击发算法2264低于最终最大击发负载阈值2262，如图20所示。
在图21的示例中，控制电路1210在使马达2160向端部执行器2210施加击发算法2263之前调整或引入最小等待时间“t”。在各种情况下，最小等待时间“t”是在外科器械2200的端部执行器的闭合序列的完成(其中组织在闭合构型中被端部执行器抓持)与端部执行器的击发序列的开始(其中抓持的组织被缝合和切割)之间的时间段。最小等待时间“t”允许组织蠕变，其中抓持的组织适应于更低的平均压力，从而将完成端部执行器2210的击发序列所必需的最大击发负载减小到处于或低于最终最大击发负载阈值2262的值。在默认击发算法2263中，由于没有最小等待时间“t”，击发算法2263必须在2267处中断从时间t3到时间t4的时间段，以防止击发负载超过最终最大击发负载阈值2262。相比之下，击发算法2264在t3和t4之间的整个时间段中继续进行，如图21所示
仍然参见图21，另一个可影响最小等待时间“t”的因素是从缝合头部组件2300部署的钉的用户选择的成形高度。控制电路1210可通过指示器1209提示用户选择钉的期望成形高度。在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210可向用户呈现供选择的多个成形高度选项。除此之外或另选地，控制电路1210可基于由外科器械2200处理的组织来推荐最佳成形高度。在任何情况下，用户选择的成形高度可使控制电路1210进一步调整最小等待时间“t”。在至少一个示例中，存储器1212在数据库或查找表中存储成形高度和对应等待时间调整。控制电路1210可通过以下方式调整最小等待时间“t”：识别与用户选择的成形高度相关联的等待时间调整，然后根据所识别的等待时间调整来调整最小等待时间“t”。
一般来讲，更成形的钉与更大的击发负载相关联，并且需要比不太成形的钉更大的最小等待时间“t”。在图21的示例中，用户选择的成形高度2265与击发负载“F2”相关联，并且大于与最小击发负载“F1”相关联的最小成形高度2266。最小击发负载“F1”和“F2”表示钉腿开始屈曲时的击发负载。因此，图21的示例的等待时间“t”是比默认(25mm)更大(31mm)的钉仓尺寸和所选择的成形高度2265的结果。
参见图22，曲线图2270示出了对外科器械2200的默认最大击发负载阈值2272(例如，400磅)进行的调整。这些调整基于控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪2202、2204接收到的端部执行器信息2271和轴信息2273，如上文更详细描述。轴信息2273识别长弯曲轴2230，并且向默认最大击发负载阈值2272提供对应第一调整值2274(例如，35磅)。相似地，端部执行器信息2271识别具有尺寸为31mm的钉仓的端部执行器2210，并且向默认最大击发负载阈值2272提供对应第二调整值2276(例如，85磅)。使调整值2274、2276与默认最大击发负载阈值2272相加，得到最终最大击发负载阈值2278。如上所述，调整值2274、2276可分别是端部执行器信息2271和轴信息2273的一部分，或可由控制电路1210根据存储在存储器1212中的数据库或查找表(例如，基于端部执行器2210和轴2230的识别信息)来确定。
在至少一个示例中，外科器械2200可由弯曲长轴2230和具有默认钉仓尺寸(例如，25mm)的端部执行器2210’装配。在此类示例中，端部执行器信息产生零调整值，并且轴信息产生第一调整值2274，该第一调整值将默认最大击发负载阈值2272修改为最终最大击发负载阈值2279，如曲线图2270所示。在其他示例中，外科器械2200可由产生用于修改默认最大击发负载阈值2272的不同调整值的端部执行器和轴的各种组合来装配。
参见图22，曲线图2280示出了对外科器械2200的默认最小闭合行程或距离2282进行的调整。外科器械2200的最小闭合行程或距离是最小允许或推荐的闭合行程或距离，其将外科器械2200的端部执行器(诸如端部执行器2210)带到适用于将钉部署到被抓持在砧座与端部执行器的钉仓之间的组织中的闭合构型。对默认最小闭合行程或距离2282的调整基于控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪2202、2204接收到的端部执行器信息2271和轴信息2273，如上文更详细描述。
轴信息2273识别长弯曲轴2230，并且向默认最小闭合行程或距离2282提供对应第一调整值2284。与默认轴相比，轴2230的附加长度和曲率产生比默认最小闭合行程或距离2282更长的最小闭合行程或距离2289。相似地，端部执行器信息2271识别具有尺寸为31mm的钉仓的端部执行器2210，并且向默认最小闭合行程或距离2282提供对应第二调整值2286。使调整值2284、2286与默认最小闭合行程或距离2282相加，得到最终默认最小闭合行程或距离2288。如上所述，调整值2284、2286可分别是端部执行器信息2271和轴信息2273的一部分，或可由控制电路1210根据存储在存储器1212中的数据库或查找表(例如，基于端部执行器2210和轴2230的识别信息)来确定。
在至少一个示例中，外科器械2200可由弯曲长轴2230和具有默认钉仓尺寸(例如，25mm)的端部执行器2210’装配。在此类示例中，端部执行器信息产生零调整值并且轴信息产生第一调整值2284，该第一调整值将默认最小闭合行程或距离2282修改为最终最小闭合行程或距离2289，如曲线图2280所示。在其他示例中，外科器械2200可由产生用于修改默认最小闭合行程或距离2282的不同调整值的端部执行器和轴的各种组合来装配。
除上述之外，端部执行器信息2271和轴信息2273可使控制电路1210调整外科器械2200的用户可选闭合行程或距离的默认闭合范围2281。外科器械2200的闭合范围是允许或推荐的闭合行程或距离的范围，其将外科器械2200的端部执行器(诸如端部执行器2210)带到适用于将钉部署到被抓持在砧座与端部执行器的钉仓之间的组织中的闭合构型。在至少一个示例中，外科器械2200的闭合范围可以是由指示器1209呈现给用户的视觉引导的形式。
在各种示例中，外科器械2200的闭合范围由控制电路1210基于从RFID扫描仪2203、2204接收到的端部执行器信息和/或轴信息来限定。曲线图2280描绘了例如默认闭合范围2281、经调整的闭合范围2283和经调整的闭合范围2285。经调整的闭合范围2283由控制电路1210响应于从RFID扫描仪2204传递的轴信息来限定。经调整的闭合范围2285由控制电路1210响应于从RFID扫描仪2202传递的端部执行器信息和从RFID扫描仪2204传递的轴信息来限定。换句话讲，经调整的闭合范围2285由端部执行器信息和轴信息的累积影响限定。
在各个方面，传递的轴信息可包括经调整的闭合范围2283。另选地，传递的轴信息可包括默认闭合范围2281的上限和下限调整值。另选地，传递的轴信息可包括轴识别信息。在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210可根据存储在存储器1212中的数据库或查找表(例如，基于轴识别信息)来确定经调整的闭合范围2283。
在各个方面，传递的端部执行器信息可包括经调整的闭合范围。另选地，传递的端部执行器信息可包括默认闭合范围2281的上限和下限调整值。另选地，传递的端部执行器信息可包括端部执行器识别信息。在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210可根据存储在存储器1212中的数据库或查找表(例如，基于端部执行器识别信息)来确定经调整的闭合范围。
在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210可根据存储在存储器1212中的数据库或查找表(例如，基于轴识别信息和端部执行器识别信息)来确定经调整的闭合范围2285。在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210可根据由端部执行器信息和轴信息提供的默认闭合范围2281的上限和下限调整值的累积影响来确定经调整的闭合范围2285。
仍然参见图22，曲线图2290示出了Y轴上的击发速度(米/秒)与X轴上的时间(秒)的关系。在曲线图2290的示例中，击发速度表示可纵向运动的击发构件的速度，该可纵向运动的击发构件联接到外科器械2200的马达2160(图19)，并且被配置成能够实现钉从缝合头部组件2300朝向砧座2400的部署以及刀构件340的推进，如上文更详细描述。在其他示例中，击发速度可以是马达2160的旋转速度。
曲线图2290示出了对外科器械2200的击发速度的默认最大阈值2292进行的调整，这些调整基于控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪2202、2204接收到的端部执行器信息和轴信息，如上文更详细描述。轴信息识别长弯曲轴2230，并且向默认最大阈值2292提供对应第一调整值2294。相似地，端部执行器信息识别具有尺寸为31mm的钉仓的端部执行器2210，并且向默认最大阈值2292提供对应第二调整值2296。
在曲线图2290的示例中，在2295处组合调整值2294、2296以将默认最大阈值2292减小到外科器械2200的击发速度的最终最大阈值2298。调整值2294、2296可分别是端部执行器信息和轴信息的一部分，或可由控制电路1210根据存储在存储器1212中的数据库或查找表(例如，基于端部执行器2210和轴2230的识别信息)来确定。
在至少一个示例中，外科器械2200可由弯曲长轴2230和具有默认钉仓尺寸(例如，25mm)的端部执行器2210’装配。在此类示例中，端部执行器信息产生零调整值并且轴信息产生调整值2294，该调整值将默认最大阈值2282修改为最终最大阈值2297，如曲线图2290所示。在其他示例中，外科器械2200可由产生用于修改击发速度的默认最大阈值2292的不同调整值的端部执行器和轴的各种组合来装配。
除上述之外，曲线图2290描绘了表示三种不同击发算法的三个击发速度曲线2307、2301、2302。击发速度曲线2307表示第一击发算法，该第一击发算法由于未能考虑击发构件的惯性而未能遵守击发速度的默认最大阈值2292。击发速度曲线2301表示第二击发算法，该第二击发算法由于未能考虑击发构件的惯性而未能遵守经静态调整的最大阈值2298。击发速度曲线2302表示第三击发算法，该第三击发算法将经静态调整的最终最大阈值2298动态地修改了调整值2304以实现经动态和静态调整的最终最大阈值2299。调整值2304基于速度曲线2302的斜率2305。
在至少一个示例中，如图23所示，过程2310描绘了根据本公开的至少一个方面的用于操作外科器械2200的控制程序或逻辑配置。在至少一个示例中，过程2310由控制电路1210(图15)执行，该控制电路包括处理器1214和存储计算机可执行指令集的存储器1212，该计算机可执行指令集在由处理器1214执行时使处理器1214执行过程2310。在某些示例中，存储在存储器1212中的计算机可执行指令集可使处理器1214执行过程2310的离散部分。尽管过程2310被描述为由控制电路1210执行，但是这仅是为了简洁起见，并且应当理解，过程2310和本文所述的其他过程或其部分可以由可包括多种硬件和/或软件部件并可位于各种合适的系统(诸如组合逻辑电路或时序逻辑电路)中或与各种合适的系统相关联的电路执行。
除上述之外，过程2310包括在2312处从RFID扫描仪2202接收指示端部执行器信息的输入，在2314处从RFID扫描仪2204接收指示轴信息的输入，并且在2316处基于端部执行器信息和轴信息将外科器械2200的击发速度的默认最大阈值2292静态地调整到最终最大阈值2298。另外，在某些情况下，过程2310还包括在2318处基于击发速度曲线2302的斜率2305将击发速度的最终最大阈值2298动态地调整到新的最终最大阈值2299以考虑击发构件惯性，如曲线图2290的示例所示。
主要参见图24，三个马达组件5000、5000’、5000”可互换地与外科器械5002一起使用。马达组件5000、5000’、5000”分别包括马达5001、5001’、5001”和齿轮箱5003、5003’、5003”。即使采用相似设计参数，马达5001、5001’、5001”也具有基于绕组技术、电线质量、内部部件质量和/或磁场密度而不同的输出。此外，与马达5001、5001’、5001”相关联的齿轮箱5003、5003’、5003”也具有基于其材料、润滑、公差叠加和制造方法而可变的损耗和效率。这些变化的影响是马达组件(诸如马达组件5000、5000’、5000”)即使由单一供应商生产，也可能对于相同的外加电压和电流具有明显不同的效率和输出。在各个方面，外科器械5002通过以下方式解决这些变化：采用例如被配置用于检测和与马达组件5000通信的RFID系统5004(图27)，以便检索与马达组件5000相关联的可帮助外科器械5002解决马达组件变化的信息。在各个方面，马达组件(诸如马达组件5000)的检测仅在外科器械5002与马达组件5000处于装配构型时实现，如下文更详细描述。
图26是具有三条线5011、5011’、5011”的曲线图5009，这些线分别表示马达5001、5001’、5001”的Y轴上的马达扭矩(NM)和X轴上的马达速度(RPM)之间的关系。线5011、5011’、5011”展示了存在于可互换的马达之间的变化。线5011、5011’、5011”在表示马达失速扭矩5015的不同点处与Y轴相交，并且在表示无负载速度5017的不同点处与X轴相交。曲线图5009还示出了马达在最大合适功率下的速度。在各个方面，如下文更详细描述的，控制电路1210可使用从由线5011、5011’、5011”表示的关系提取的信息来调整马达的一个或多个操作参数，选择控制算法，和/或调整默认控制算法以确保递送来自马达组件5000、5000’、5000”的可预测输出。
仍然参见图24，外科器械5002包括具有马达组件隔室5007的外壳组件5006，该马达组件隔室被配置成能够可互换地接纳马达组件(诸如马达组件5000、5000’、5000”)并且能够与这些马达组件释放地联接。为简洁起见，外科器械5002与马达组件之间的交互的以下描述将聚焦于马达组件5000。然而，以下描述同样适用于其他合适的马达组件，诸如马达组件5000’。尽管外壳组件5006以手柄的形式描绘，但是这不是限制性的。在各种情况下，外壳组件100可以是例如机器人系统的部件。
外科器械5002在许多方面类似于本文其他地方描述的其他外科器械，诸如外科器械100、1100。例如，外科器械5002包括从外壳组件5006朝远侧延伸的轴5008和从轴5008朝远侧延伸的端部执行器5019。适合与外科器械5002一起使用的各种端部执行器(诸如包括砧座400和缝合头部组件300的圆形缝合器端部执行器)在本公开其他地方和/或以引用方式并入本公开的其他公开中有所描述。
马达组件5000能够相对于外壳组件5006在与外壳组件500的装配构型和未装配构型之间运动。可采用各种合适的电连接器将外壳组件5006中的功率源5014连接到马达组件5000以向处于装配构型的马达5001供电。另外，可采用各种合适的机械连接器以能够操作地将马达5001所生成的运动从齿轮箱5003传递到端部执行器，从而处理端部执行器所抓持的组织。
2016年11月29日公布的名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MODULAR MOTOR”的美国专利9,504,520(该专利据此全文以引用方式并入本文)描述了适合与外科器械5002和马达组件5000一起使用的若干机械和电连接器。在至少一个示例中，马达组件5000包括主体5010、基部5011和例如一对弹簧针(pogo pin)，该对弹簧针被配置成能够将电力递送到容纳在主体5010内的马达5001。弹簧针可接合外壳组件5006中的多个电线，该多个电线联接到电力源5014。在各个方面，马达组件5000由闩锁构件、夹钳、夹具、压下构件等固定或保持在外壳组件5006的马达组件隔室5007内或者至少部分地固定或保持在该马达组件隔室内。当马达组件5000插入到马达组件隔室5007中时，马达组件5000的机械和电连接器通过机电接口5023(图27)联接到外壳组件5006内的对应结构以形成装配构型。
参见图27，RFID系统5004包括RFID扫描仪5022和在装配构型中能够由RFID扫描仪检测的RFID标签5021。在各个方面，RFID扫描仪5022被配置成能够在装配构型中读取和/或写入到RFID标签5021。在图27所示的示例中，RFID扫描仪5022具有由距离“d”限定的检测范围。当马达组件5000与外壳组件5006处于装配构型时，RFID标签5021处于距离“d”所限定的检测范围或在该检测范围内。
仍然参见图27，RFID扫描仪5022联接到控制电路1210，该控制电路包括具有处理器1214和存储介质(诸如存储器1212)的微控制器，如本文其他地方更详细描述。RFID标签5021存储指示马达组件5000的信息，当马达组件5000由马达组件隔室5007保持在装配构型中时，由RFID扫描仪5022读取该信息。
在至少一个示例中，控制电路1210从RFID扫描仪5022接收指示马达组件信息的输入，并且基于马达组件信息来调整马达5001的一个或多个操作参数。控制电路1210可采用马达驱动器5018来执行参数调整。在图27所示的示例中，马达驱动器5018被定位在外壳组件5006内，并且通过机电接口5023与处于装配构型的马达5001交接。在其他示例中，马达驱动器5018是马达组件5000的一部分，并且被配置成能够通过机电接口5023与控制电路1210交接。
参见图28，控制电路1210的处理器1214可被配置成能够基于RFID扫描仪5022从RFID标签5021检索的马达组件信息来选择外科器械5002的控制算法。控制算法可以以例如数据库或查找表5030的形式存储在存储器1214中。另选地或除此之外，马达组件的马达组件信息可包括被推荐与马达组件一起使用的控制算法。
在各种示例中，马达组件5000的马达组件信息例如包括识别信息、制造商信息以及例如马达5001和/或齿轮箱5003的特定公差中的一者或多者。马达组件信息可包括型号、批号、制造日期和/或任何其他相关信息。
在图28所示的示例中，每行表示与马达组件相关联的控制算法，处理器1214可基于所检索的马达组件信息来选择控制算法。外左列中的值基于来自RFID扫描仪5022的指示马达组件MA1至MAn的马达组件信息的输入。在至少一个示例中，外左列中的值可以是马达组件识别号或型号。中间列包括与马达组件MA1至MAn中的每个马达组件相关联的马达速度、惯性/动态制动、行程长度、电流限值/力限值的值。外右列中的值表示功率源5014的合适电压和放电值，该功率源被配置成能够在联接到外科器械5002时为马达组件MA1至MAn供电。
仍然参见图5，在各个方面，控制电路1210被配置成能够采用RFID系统5004来检索识别联接到外科器械5002的马达组件的马达组件信息。然后控制电路1210基于所检索的马达组件信息根据查找表5030来确定功率源5014的合适电压和放电值。
在各个方面，控制电路1210采用公式或校准因子来调整例如马达组件5000的操作参数。该公式或校准因子可由RFID标签5021存储，并且由控制电路1210通过来自RFID扫描仪5022的输入来接收。另选地，可基于与此类公式或校准因子相关联的存储器组件的识别信息，从存储介质(诸如存储器1212)检索该公式或校准因子。
参见图25，过程5050的逻辑流程图描绘了用于调整外科器械5002的例如马达5001的操作参数的控制程序或逻辑配置。在至少一个示例中，过程5050由控制电路1210(图27)执行，该控制电路包括处理器1214和存储计算机可执行指令集的存储器1212，该计算机可执行指令集在由处理器1214执行时使处理器1214执行过程5050。在某些示例中，存储在存储器1212中的计算机可执行指令集可使处理器1214执行过程5050的离散部分。尽管过程5050被描述为由控制电路1210执行，但是这仅是为了简洁起见，并且应当理解，过程5050和本文所述的其他过程或其部分可以由可包括多种硬件和/或软件部件并可位于各种合适的系统(诸如组合逻辑电路或时序逻辑电路)中或与各种合适的系统相关联的电路执行。
在各个方面，过程5050包括在5051处由例如RFID扫描仪5022从RFID标签5021读取内部部件识别信息。在至少一个示例中，内部部件是马达组件5000、马达5001、齿轮箱5003或功率源5014。过程5050进一步在5052处确定算法调整参数是否与内部部件识别信息包括在一起。如果是，则过程5050在5053处根据所接收的算法调整参数来调整与内部部件相关联的控制算法。如果包括算法调整参数，则过程5050在5054处使用内部部件识别信息来检索算法调整参数，或基于内部部件识别信息和对应算法调整参数或控制算法的数据库或查找表来选择适用于内部部件的控制算法。
许多外科器械利用电池来提供操作外科器械所需的电力。此类电池可包括例如一次电池/不可再充电电池(诸如碱性电池或锂电池)或二次电池/可再充电电池(诸如镍金属氢化物电池或锂离子电池)。不同类型的电池可具有不同材料、化学成分、尺寸、电特性(例如，标称电压、放电率等)、放电效率和成本。用于给定外科器械中的电池的类型通常基于诸如一次性与可再充电、尺寸、输出特性和成本等等的多种因素来选择。
随着电池技术持续进步，具有不同容量、输出特性等的不同电池化学成分持续演变。现在可以想到的是，在给定外科器械的整个使用寿命过程中，具有不同能力并且由不同制造商制造的不同电池组可在不同时间与给定外科器械一起使用。就此类情况而言，为了优化外科器械的性能，期望给定外科器械能够区分不同电池。
现在还可以想到的是，在给定电池的整个使用寿命过程中，可利用给定电池在不同时间为不同外科器械供电，其中不同外科器械的功率需求可改变。因此，为了使电池的能力与给定外科器械的功率需求匹配，期望电池能够区分不同外科器械并且能够根据需要调整电池的电特性。
图29示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的外科器械3000的局部透视图。外科器械3000类似于上文所述的外科圆形缝合器械10并且包括外壳组件3002、轴组件3004、缝合头部组件(未示出)和砧座(未示出)，其中外壳组件3002与外壳组件100类似或相同，轴组件3004与轴组件200类似或相同，缝合头部组件(未示出)与缝合头部组件300类似或相同，并且砧座(未示出)与砧座400类似或相同。如图29所示，外科器械3000还被配置成能够接纳电池3006。在一些方面，外科器械3000还包括电池3006。尽管在图29中为了清楚起见而未示出，但是外科器械也包括与马达160类似或相同的电动马达3008(参见图30)。电动马达3008能够与电池3006联接，并且被配置成能够使砧座朝向钉头部组件移动以将组织抓持在砧座与钉头部组件之间，并将缝合头部组件的钉击发到抓持的组织中。尽管外科器械3000被示出为圆形缝合器，但是应当理解，根据其他方面，外科器械3000可以是线性缝合器或其他电动外科器械。在各个方面，自适应外科器械3194在许多方面类似于外科器械2200，并且可由图18所示的外科器械2200的可互换部件中的一者或多者装配。
电池3006可以是任何合适类型的电池，并且可包括任何合适数量的单元。例如，根据各个方面，电池3006可包括锂电池(诸如锂锰氧化物(Li-MnO2)或CR123电池)、锂离子电池(诸如15270电池)、碱性电池(诸如氧化锰(MnO2)电池)、镍金属氢化物电池等。在至少一个方面，电池3006为包括多个单元的电池组的形式。为了简洁起见，电池3006将在下文中称为电池组3006。电池组3006类似于电池组120，但不同之处在于电池组3006包括位于电池组3006内的射频识别(RFID)标签3010。RFID标签3010存储与电池组3006相关的信息并且此类信息可包括例如电池识别号、电池组3006中的电池的制造商/品牌、电池组3006中的电池的化学成分/类型(锂、锂离子等)、电池组3006中的电池的类型是可再充电的还是不可再充电的、电池组3006的容量、电池组3006中的电池的标称电压、电池组3006中的电池的电流消耗特性、电池组3006的其他输出特性等。RFID标签3010的尺寸非常紧凑(例如，13平方毫米或更小)，从而允许RFID标签3010结合到电池组3006中而不会过度增加电池组3006的总尺寸。根据各个方面，RFID标签3010可类似于美国专利9.171,244中所述的小型RFID标签。
外科器械3000与外科圆形缝合器械10的不同之处在于外科器械3000还包括RFID扫描仪3012。RFID扫描仪3012被定位在外壳组件3002内并且被配置成能够读取存储在RFID标签3010处的信息，其中所存储的信息与电池组3006相关。RFID扫描仪3012还被配置成能够将指示读取信息的数据传送到外科器械3000的控制电路3014(参见图30)以进行处理。RFID标签3010和RFID扫描仪3012协作以共同允许外科器械3000能够识别电池组3006，并且确定电池组3006是否适合与外科器械3000一起使用。
如图29所示，RFID扫描仪3012被定位在外壳组件3002的电池接口3013处。RFID标签3010被配置成能够在电池3006与外壳组件3002的装配或至少部分装配构型中由RFID扫描仪3012检测。该方法通过将RFID扫描仪3012对RFID标签3010的检测捆绑到电池3006与外壳组件3002的装配而消除了单独扫描步骤的需要。其还确保所检测的电池3006是最终与外壳组件3002装配在一起的电池。在各个方面，RFID扫描仪3012的检测范围受到限制，使得其仅能够在电池3006与外壳组件3002的装配或至少部分装配构型中检测对应RFID标签3010。
相似地，RFID标签3032被定位在外壳组件3002的电池接口3013处。RFID标签3032被配置成能够在电池3006与外壳组件3002的装配或至少部分装配构型中由RFID扫描仪3034检测。在各个方面，RFID扫描仪3034的检测范围受到限制，使得其仅能够在电池3006与外壳组件3002的装配或至少部分装配构型中检测对应RFID标签3032。
在各个方面，如图29所示，RFID扫描仪3034和RFID标签3010被配置成能够在装配构型中分别与RFID标签3032和RFID扫描仪3012对准。该对准一旦实现，就将RFID标签3010带到RFID扫描仪3012的检测范围内，并且将RFID标签3032带到RFID扫描仪3034的检测范围内。
图30示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的外科器械3000的控制电路3014。控制电路3014能够通信地连接到RFID扫描仪3012并且与控制电路1210的类似之处在于控制电路3014包括处理器3016和存储介质(诸如存储器3018)。存储器3018存储用于执行各种过程诸如确定电池组3006是否适于与外科器械3000一起使用(例如，电池兼容性验证)的程序指令。程序指令在由处理器3016执行时使处理器3016通过以下方式验证电池组3006与外科器械3000的兼容性：将从RFID标签3010接收到的信息与存储在存储器3018中的信息进行比较。存储在存储器3018处的信息可为例如兼容性数据库或查找表的形式，该兼容性数据库或查找表包括关于可与外科器械3000一起使用的电池的识别信息、可与外科器械3000一起使用的电池的输出特性等的信息。根据各个方面，控制电路3014能够通信地连接到外科器械3000和/或外科集线器系统的其他处理器和/或存储器，并且控制电路3014的所述功能可使用外科器械3000和/或外科集线器系统的其他处理器和/或存储器来实现。外科集线器系统在2018年12月4日提交的名称为“METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,395中有所描述，该专利申请的全部内容据此以引用方式并入本文。
图31示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程3020的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于操作外科器械3000的控制程序或逻辑配置。在至少一个示例中，过程3020由控制电路3014执行。在某些示例中，存储在控制电路3014的存储器3018中的计算机可执行指令集可使控制电路3014的处理器3016执行过程3020的离散操作。尽管过程3020是在由控制电路3014执行的上下文中描述的，但是应当理解，过程3020和本文所述的其他过程或其部分可以由可包括多种硬件和/或软件部件并可位于各种合适的系统(诸如组合逻辑电路或时序逻辑电路)中或与各种合适的系统相关联的电路执行。
如图31所示，过程3020包括在3022处经由RFID扫描仪3012检测RFID标签3010的电池信息。在各个方面，每当电池组3006被带到紧邻外科器械3000时，RFID扫描仪3012都可执行该检测。在其他情况下，在电池组3006插入到外科器械3000的外壳组件3002中之后，RFID扫描仪3012执行该检测。然后RFID扫描仪3012在3024处将指示RFID标签3010的所检测的电池信息的数据传送到控制电路3014。数据的通信可由有线通信或无线通信来实现。然后控制电路3014的处理器3016在3026处对照可存储在控制电路3014的存储器3018中的电池/外科器械兼容性数据库或查找表来检查/比较传送的数据。如果检查/比较3026产生匹配3029，则处理器3016在3028处确定电池组3006适于与外科器械3000一起使用，并且视觉或可听指示器(诸如发光二极管或扬声器)可向外科器械3000的用户警示该兼容性。然而，如果检查/比较3026未产生匹配3029，则处理器3016在3030处确定电池组3006不适于与外科器械3000一起使用，并且视觉或可听指示器(诸如发光二极管或扬声器)可向外科器械3000的用户警示该不兼容性。另外，在至少一个方面，当处理器3016确定电池组3006与外科器械3000不兼容时，处理器3016可传送信号或指令，该信号或指令操作以使外科器械3000的一个或多个功能被电气闭锁(例如，通过防止将功率施加到外科器械3000的电动马达3008)。尽管过程3020是在给定电池组3006的上下文中描述的，但是应当理解，可为任何数量的不同电池组重复上述过程3020任何次数。
返回图29，在至少一个方面，外科器械3000还包括定位在外壳组件3002内的RFID标签3032，并且电池组3006还包括定位在电池组3006内的RFID扫描仪3034。RFID标签3032类似于RFID标签3010，并且存储与外科器械3000相关的信息。此类信息可包括例如外科器械识别号、外科器械的制造商/品牌、外科器械的类型(圆形缝合器、线性缝合器、抓紧器等)、外科装置中的马达的类型(有刷、无刷)、外科器械的性能能力、驻留在外科器械处的控制算法等。RFID扫描仪3034类似于RFID扫描仪3012，并且被配置成能够读取存储在RFID标签3032处的信息，其中所存储的信息与外科器械3000相关，并将指示读取信息的数据传送到电池组3006的控制电路3040(参见图32)以进行处理。RFID标签3032和RFID扫描仪3034共同允许电池组3006能够识别外科器械3000，并且验证外科器械3000适合与电池组3006一起使用。
图32示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的电池组3006的控制电路3040。控制电路3040能够通信地连接到RFID扫描仪3034并且与控制电路3014的类似之处在于控制电路3040包括处理器3042和存储介质(诸如存储器3044)。存储器3044存储用于执行各种过程诸如确定外科器械3000是否适于与电池组3006一起使用(例如，外科器械兼容性验证)的程序指令。程序指令在由处理器3042执行时使处理器3044通过以下方式验证外科器械3000与电池组3006的兼容性：将从RFID标签3032接收到的信息与存储在存储器3044中的信息进行比较。存储在存储器3044的信息可为例如兼容性数据库或查找表的形式，该兼容性数据库或查找表包括关于各种外科器械的识别信息、各种外科器械的功率需求、各种外科器械的性能参数等的信息。由控制电路3040执行以验证外科器械3000与电池组3006的兼容性的过程类似于控制电路3014用来验证电池组3006与外科器械3000的兼容性的过程3020。例如，当处理器3042确定外科器械3000与电池组3006不兼容时，处理器3042可传送信号或指令，该信号或指令操作以电气地闭锁电池组3006并且防止电池组3006向外科器械3000供电。
鉴于上述方面，应当理解，多个不同电池可与外科器械3000兼容。换句话讲，外科器械3000可与多个不同电池兼容。当外科器械3000包括RFID扫描仪3012和RFID标签3032并且各种电池包括具有与RFID标签3010和RFID扫描仪3034的那些功能类似或相同的功能的RFID标签和RFID扫描仪时，外科器械3000可识别多个不同电池并且确定那些电池中的每个电池与外科器械3000的兼容性。相似地，当电池组3006包括RFID标签3010和RFID扫描仪3034并且各种外科器械包括具有与RFID标签3032和RFID扫描仪3032的那些功能类似或相同的功能的RFID标签和RFID扫描仪时，电池组3006可识别多个不同外科器械并且确定那些外科器械中的每个外科器械与电池组3006的兼容性。
图33示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的外科器械3000与多个不同电池组3006a、3006b、3006c的兼容性。电池组3006a包括定位在其中的RFID标签3010a和RFID扫描仪3034a，电池组3006b包括定位在其中的RFID标签3010b和RFID扫描仪3034b，并且电池组3006c包括定位在其中的RFID标签3010c和RFID扫描仪3034c。根据各个方面，电池组3006a包括CR123/锂电池，电池组3006b包括15270/锂离子电池，并且电池组3006c包括除锂电池或锂离子电池之外的电池。当电池组3006a、3006b、3006c中的任何一个电池组接近如上所述的外科器械3000或由该外科器械接纳时，相应RFID标签/RFID扫描仪对允许(1)外科器械3000能够识别适用的电池组3006a、3006b、3006c，并确定适用的电池组3006a、3006b、3006c是否与外科器械3000兼容/适合与该外科器械一起使用，并且(2)电池组3006a、3006b、3006c中的任何电池组能够识别外科器械3000并确定外科器械3000是否与适用的电池组3006a、3006b、3006c兼容/适合与该电池组一起使用。
不同电池可具有不同化学成分、不同容量、不同输出特性、不同操作能力等，并且不同外科器械可具有不同功率需求。图34示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图3050，该曲线图示出了在由不同电池组供电时外科器械3000的各种马达扭矩/速度/电流关系。就曲线图3050而言，速度(或电流)的单位沿着垂直轴3052示出并且扭矩的单位沿着水平轴3054示出。实线3056表示锂离子/15270电池的扭矩-速度关系，其中实线3056的左端表示无负载速度并且实线3056的右端表示失速扭矩。实线3058表示锂/CR-123电池的扭矩-速度关系，其中实线3058的左端表示无负载速度并且实线3058的右端表示失速扭矩。一般来讲，扭矩与外科器械3000的电动马达3008的输出轴的速度成反比例。换句话讲，速度越大，扭矩越低(或扭矩越大，速度越低)。
虚线3060表示从锂离子/15270电池消耗的电流，其中虚线3060的左端表示无负载电流并且虚线3060的右端表示失速电流。虚线3062表示从锂/CR-123电池消耗的电流，其中虚线3062的左端表示无负载电流并且虚线3062的右端表示失速电流。就这两个电池而言，无负载电流均大于零，因为需要一定量的电流来克服电动马达3008的内摩擦。一般来讲，当施加外部负载时，从相应电池消耗的电流增加以产生与其匹配所需的扭矩(扭矩与所施加的电流成比例)，并且减小电动马达3008的速度。当外部负载进一步增加时，电动马达3008的速度进一步减小，最终达到失速。鉴于上述内容，应当理解，马达扭矩/速度/电流关系可基于用于为外科器械3000供电的特定电池组而明显改变。
图35示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的条形图3070，该条形图示出了可与外科器械3000一起使用的不同电池组的各种能量密度。相应能量密度表示每单位质量存储在不同电池组中的能量的量。就曲线图3070而言，每千克质量的瓦特-小时(Wh/Kg)沿着垂直轴3072示出并且不同电池组沿着水平轴3074示出。表示镍金属氢化物可再充电电池的能量密度的条形3076被示出为大约80Wh/Kg，表示锂离子可再充电电池的能量密度的条形3078被示出为大约160Wh/Kg，表示碱性氧化锰(MnO2)电池的能量密度的条形3080被示出为大约205Wh/Kg，并且表示一次/一次性锂电池的能量密度的条形3082被示出为大约400Wh/Kg。鉴于上述内容，应当理解，可与外科器械3000一起使用的各种电池组的能量密度可明显改变。
图36示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的条形图3090，该条形图示出了可与外科器械3000一起使用的不同电池组的实际能量密度与额定能量密度的比较。就曲线图3090而言，每千克质量的瓦特-小时(Wh/Kg)沿着垂直轴3092示出并且不同电池组沿着水平轴3094示出。就每种不同类型的电池而言，实际能量密度小于额定能量密度。在诸如镍金属氢化物可再充电电池或锂离子可再充电电池的一些情况下，实际能量密度仅比额定能量密度小大约15％至20％。就一次/一次性锂电池而言，实际能量密度比额定能量密度小大约30％。就碱性氧化锰(MnO2)电池而言，实际能量密度比额定能量密度小大约75％。更具体地，就镍金属氢化物可再充电电池而言，表示额定能量密度的条形3096被示出为大约75Wh/Kg并且表示实际能量密度的条形3098被示出为大约60Wh/Kg。就一次/一次性锂离子电池而言，表示额定能量密度的条形3100被示出为大约140Wh/Kg并且表示实际能量密度的条形3102被示出为大约120Wh/Kg。就碱性氧化锰(MnO2)电池而言，表示额定能量密度的条形3104被示出为大约210Wh/Kg并且表示实际能量密度的条形3106被示出为大约50Wh/Kg。就一次/一次性锂电池而言，表示额定能量密度的条形3108被示出为大约250Wh/Kg并且表示实际能量密度的条形3110被示出为大约170Wh/Kg。鉴于上述内容，应当理解，可与外科器械3000一起使用的给定电池的计算/额定能量密度可明显改变。
图37示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的条形图3111，该条形图示出了可与外科器械3000一起使用的不同电池组的标称电压。就曲线图3111而言，单元电压的单位(V)沿着垂直轴3112示出并且不同电池组沿着水平轴3114示出。就一次/一次性锂电池而言，表示标称单元电压的条形3116被示出为大约3.0伏特。就氧化银电池而言，表示标称单元电压的条形3118被示出为大约1.6伏特。就碱性氧化锰(MnO2)电池而言，表示标称单元电压的条形3120被示出为大约1.5伏特。就镍金属氢化物可再充电电池而言，表示标称单元电压的条形3122被示出为大约1.3伏特。就锂离子可再充电电池而言，表示标称单元电压的条形3124被示出为大约3.8伏特。鉴于上述内容，应当理解，可与外科器械3000一起使用的不同电池单元的标称电压可明显改变。
可由不同公司制造的电池的不同品牌可具有对于给定放电率(例如，电流/小时)的不同容量(例如，安培-小时)。例如，CR-123A/CR17335电池的不同品牌可具有对于给定放电率的不同容量。CR-123A/CR17335电池的不同品牌对于给定放电率的不同容量在下表B1中阐述，其中相应放电电流将使相应电池在一小时内放电。
表B1
Figure BDA0003437081860000511
如表B1所示，电池的容量可基于放电电流而改变。例如，就奥泰克(Autec)电池而言，容量在表B1中被示出为在100mA放电电流下0.616安培-小时、在700mA放电电流下0.688安培-小时、在1500mA放电电流下0.439安培-小时以及在2200mA放电电流下0.625安培-小时。也如表B1所示，在700MA的放电电流下，CR-123A/CR17335电池的不同品牌的容量可从奥泰克电池的0.688安培-小时的低点到松下(Panasonic)电池的1.260安培-小时的高点改变。在1500mA的放电电流下，CR-123A/CR17335电池的不同品牌的容量可从奥泰克品牌的0.439安培-小时的低点到PowPower品牌的0.801安培-小时的高点改变。在2200mA的放电电流下，CR-123A/CR17335电池的不同品牌的容量可从麦克赛尔(Maxell)的0.543安培-小时的低点到PowPower品牌的0.817安培-小时的高点改变。鉴于上述内容，应当理解，可与外科器械3000一起使用的不同电池的容量可基于电池的制造商/品牌和电池的放电电流两者而明显改变。
图38示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图3130，该曲线图示出了可与外科器械3000一起使用的不同CR123A/CR17335电池的放电曲线。就曲线图3130而言，电压的单位(伏特)沿着垂直轴3132示出，以安培-小时计的能荷的单位(安培-小时)沿着水平轴3134示出，并且电池的不同品牌的相应放电曲线被标记有表B1中所列的两字母代码(例如，AU、DC、EI、MX、PS、PW、PP、SY、TE)。相应放电曲线对应于表B1中所列的CR-123A/CR17335电池的不同品牌，并且基于1500mA的放电电流。如图38所示，CR-123A/CR17335电池的每个品牌可具有其自身的特性标称电压和其自身的特性放电曲线。换句话讲，CR-123A/CR17335电池的每个品牌可在不同时间量内提供不同电压。例如，奥泰克电池(Au)被示出为在其电压下降到2.0伏特之前已提供0.3安培-小时的能荷，而PowPower电池(PP)被示出为在其电压下降到2.0伏特之前已提供大约0.8安培-小时的能荷。鉴于上述内容，应当理解，由可与外科器械3000一起使用的不同电池提供的能荷可明显改变。
图39示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图3140，该曲线图示出了可与外科器械3000一起使用的锂离子电池的放电曲线3142。就曲线图3140而言，电压的单位(伏特)沿着垂直轴3144示出并且容量的单位(Ah)沿着水平轴3146示出。如图39所示，锂离子电池的标称电压为大约4.3伏特，锂离子电池提供至少大约3.75伏特的电压直到锂离子电池已释放大约5.0Ah的容量，于是之后锂离子电池所提供的电压显著下降直到锂离子电池已完全释放大约5.5Ah的其容量。
给定电池的放电率可因温度而改变，有时明显改变。图40示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图3150，该曲线图示出了可与外科器械3000一起使用的锂离子电池的不同温度的不同放电曲线。就曲线图3150而言，电压的单位(伏特)沿着垂直轴3152示出，容量的单位(Ah)沿着水平轴3154示出，并且放电电流为1100mA，这等于锂离子电池的C/5速率。C速率是电池相对于其最大容量放电的速率的量度。如图40所示，就表示锂离子电池在-40℃下的放电曲线的放电曲线3156而言，锂离子电池提供至少3.0伏特的电压直到锂离子电池已释放大约2.0Ah的容量，然后提供略低于3.0伏特的电压直到锂离子电池已释放大约3.5Ah的容量，于是之后锂离子电池所提供的电压开始显著下降。就表示锂离子电池在-30℃下的放电曲线的放电曲线3158而言，锂离子电池提供至少3.0伏特的电压直到锂离子电池已释放大约4.1Ah的容量，于是之后锂离子电池所提供的电压开始显著下降。就表示锂离子电池在20℃下的放电曲线的放电曲线3160而言，锂离子电池提供至少3.8伏特的电压直到锂离子电池已释放大约4.8Ah的容量，于是之后锂离子电池所提供的电压开始显著下降。就表示锂离子电池在60℃下的放电曲线的放电曲线3162而言，锂离子电池提供至少3.80伏特的电压直到锂离子电池已释放大约4.5Ah的容量，于是之后锂离子电池所提供的电压开始显著下降。鉴于上述内容，应当理解，给定锂离子电池的放电率不会因温度而线性地改变，并且过冷或过热的温度可给锂离子电池的性能带来负面影响。
给定电池的能量容量可基于电池放电率而改变。图41示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图3170，该曲线图示出了可与外科器械3000一起使用的CR123电池的不同放电率的不同放电曲线。就曲线图3170而言，电压的单位(伏特)沿着垂直轴3172示出，以瓦特-小时计的功率的单位(Wh)沿着水平轴3174示出，并且CR123电池是松下锂电电池。如放电曲线3176所示，对于3.0安培的放电电流，电池的能量容量为大约1.2Wh。如放电曲线3178所示，对于2.0安培的放电电流，电池的能量容量为大约2.3Wh。如放电曲线3180所示，对于1.0安培的放电电流，电池的能量容量为大约3.2Wh。如放电曲线3182所示，对于0.5安培的放电电流，电池的能量容量为大约3.7Wh。如放电曲线3184所示，对于0.2安培的放电电流，电池的能量容量为大约4.1Wh。如放电曲线3186所示，对于0.1安培的放电电流，电池的能量容量为大约4.25Wh。鉴于上述内容，应当理解，一般而言，放电电流越低，CR123电池的能量容量越大。换句话讲，一般而言，放电电流越高，CR123电池的能量容量越低。
图42示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的非智能电池3190、智能电池3192和自适应外科器械3194之间的各种操作差异。在各个方面，电池组3006可被配置成能够作为非智能电池3190。就非智能电池3190而言，在3196处当非智能电池31900被带到接近外科器械(例如，外科器械3000)或被该外科器械接纳时为非智能电池3190的RFID标签供能，然后非智能电池3190将电池识别信息传送到外科器械的RFID扫描仪。然后外科器械可利用如上所述的电池识别信息来验证非智能电池3190与外科器械的兼容性。
在各个方面，电池组3006可被配置成能够作为智能电池3192。智能电池3192被配置成能够在3198处读取外科器械的识别信息，在3200处确定/验证所识别的外科器械是否适于与智能电池3192一起使用，在3202处根据需要调整智能电池3192的输出特性以实现所识别的外科器械的适当性能，在3204处为智能电池3192的输出供能，然后在3206处为所识别的外科器械提供预期的电池识别信息以使得所识别的外科器械意识到其正由已知的兼容电池供电。这样，仍可允许不一定在所识别的外科器械的兼容性数据库/查找表中识别的更新更智能的电池向所识别的外科器械供电。如下文更详细描述的，智能电池3192可模拟已知的兼容电池的性能。
在各个方面，外科器械3000可被配置成能够作为自适应外科器械3194。就自适应外科器械3194而言，自适应外科器械3194在3208处上电，在3210处当电池被带到接近自适应外科器械3194或被该自适应外科器械接纳时读取电池(诸如智能电池3192或非智能电池3190)所提供的电池识别信息，在3212处确定/验证所识别的电池是否适于与自适应外科器械3194一起使用，然后在3214处基于所接收的电池识别信息来调整自适应外科器械3194的操作(例如，马达操作、操作控制参数等)。例如，在各个方面，自适应外科器械3194的操作可根据所识别的电池是可再充电的还是不可再充电的、所识别的电池的化学成分(例如，镍金属氢化物、锂离子、碱性氧化锰、锂等)和/或所识别的电池的输出能力而改变。这样，自适应外科器械3194可利用比原本可能的情形宽泛得多的种类的不同电池。
就给定电池组而言，电池组的电压电位与从电池组消耗的电流之间的关系由公式V＝IR给出，其中V是电池组的电压，I是从电池组消耗的电流，并且R是连接到电池组的负载的电阻。由于不同电池组可具有不同电压电位和不同内电阻，因此在为给定外科器械供电时从电池组消耗的电流可因电池组不同而改变。两个不同电池组(其中一个包括四个CR123A电池并且其中一个包括四个15270电池)对于各种电阻的电压和电流值示于下表B2中。
表B2
电池 电阻 电压 电流
CR123A 1.5欧姆 7.5伏特 5.0安培
15270 1.68欧姆 15.0伏特 8.9安培
图43示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图3220，该曲线图示出了在与自适应外科器械3194一起使用时不同电池组的输出电流能力。就曲线图3220而言，电流I的单位(安培)沿着垂直轴3222示出并且时间的单位沿着水平轴3224示出。如图43所示，来自标准CR-123电池组(例如，4个电池)的电流输出3226在时间X和Y之间可平均为大约5.0安培，并且来自标准15270电池的电流输出3228在时间X和Z之间可平均为大约8.9安培。通过利用上述RFID能力，自适应外科器械3194可使得从标准15270电池组消耗的电流在3230处模拟将从标准CR-123电池组消耗的电流。在各个方面，自适应外科器械3194可通过以下方式实现这一点：调整自适应外科器械3194的速度控制算法以降低电动马达3008的速度，使用分压器增加15270电池组所见的电阻等以使15270电池组调整其电流输出而有效地模拟标准CR-123电池组的电流输出。例如，根据各个方面，自适应外科器械3194的控制电路的处理器可传送指令，该指令操作以调整自适应外科器械3194的速度控制算法或通过使用例如分压器来操作。由于外科器械3000可被配置成能够作为自适应外科器械3194，因此自适应外科器械3194的控制电路可与控制电路1210和/或控制电路3014类似或相同。就15270电池组是智能电池组(例如，智能电池3192)的情况而言，自适应外科器械3194可向智能电池组传送指令以与CR-123电池组一样地操作。
图44示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图3240，该曲线图示出了在与自适应外科器械3194一起使用时不同电池组的输出电压能力。就曲线图3240而言，电压的单位(伏特)沿着垂直轴3242示出并且以安培-小时计的容量的单位(安培-小时)沿着水平轴3244示出。如图44所示，来自以每小时1.25安培的速率放电的标准CR-123电池组的电压输出3246在标准CR-123电池组已从大约0.05安培-小时放电到大约0.4安培-小时的时间期间可平均为大约7.0伏特，并且来自标准15270电池组的电压输出3248在标准15270电池组已从大约0.08安培-小时放电到大约0.5安培-小时的时间期间可平均为大约14.0伏特。通过利用上述RFID能力，自适应外科器械3194可使标准15270电池组所提供的电压在3250处模拟标准CR-123电池组所提供的电压。在各个方面，自适应外科器械3194可通过以下方式实现这一点：调整自适应外科器械3194的速度控制算法以降低电动马达3008的速度，增加15270电池组所见的电阻等以使15270电池组调整其电压输出而有效地模拟标准CR-123电池组的电压输出。就15270电池组是智能电池组(例如，智能电池3192)的情况而言，自适应外科器械3194可向智能电池组传送指令以与CR-123电池组一样地操作。在至少一个示例中，可采用分压器来调整电池组的电压输出。
图45示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的曲线图3260，该曲线图示出了在与自适应外科器械3194一起使用时不同电池组的输出电压能力。就曲线图3260而言，电压的单位(伏特)沿着垂直轴3262示出并且以瓦特-小时计的功率的单位(瓦特-小时)沿着水平轴3264示出。曲线图3260类似于曲线图3240，但不同之处在于功率的单位沿着水平轴3264示出。如图45所示，来自标准CR-123电池组的电压输出3266在标准CR-123电池组已提供大约0.25瓦特-小时的功率的时间到标准CR-123电池组已提供大约3.2瓦特-小时的功率的时间期间可平均为大约7.15伏特。在该时间段期间，标准CR-123电池组所提供的电压既是可预测的又是稳定的。因此，当自适应外科器械3194利用上述RFID能力来使标准15270电池组所提供的电压3268在3261处模拟标准CR-123电池组所提供的电压。由此可见，标准CR-123电池组所提供的“经调整的”电压在上述时间段期间也既是可预测的又是稳定的。
许多外科器械的维度尺寸继续变得越来越小。尽管尺寸减小，许多外科器械还必须适应增加的负载、更高的性能要求以及更高的过应力条件。就包括射频识别(RFID)技术诸如射频识别标签和/或射频识别扫描仪的外科器械而言，为了满足尺寸减小的要求，RFID标签和/或RFID扫描仪及相关联的电子器件的外形不断变得越来越小。这些更小的系统可能不具有从外科器械的识别系统完成用户想要的所有任务所需的存储器开销、处理能力或容量(范围、功率等)。因此，为了提供附加能力如加密、多个部件的认证、多个部件的兼容性验证、再处理跟踪等，在各个方面，可能期望利用在外科器械及印刷或次级存储数据位置的外部的加密/解密密钥来帮助扩展这些更小、能力更弱的系统的能力和容量。
返回图42，应当理解，自适应外科器械3194的上述功能取决于电池组3006的RFID标签3010能够将电池识别信息传送到自适应外科器械3194并且自适应外科器械3194的RFID扫描仪3012能够读取电池组3006的RFID标签3010所提供的电池识别信息。在某些情况下，自适应外科器械3194不能确定电池组3006的兼容性。例如，在电池组3006的RFID标签3010已经历失效(例如，RFID标签3010的集成电路芯片的失效、RFID标签3010的集成电路芯片与天线之间的电连接的失效等)使得RFID标签3010未能传送电池识别信息的情况下，自适应外科器械3194不能确定电池组3006的兼容性。相似地，在自适应外科器械3194的RFID扫描仪3012已经历失效(例如，RFID扫描仪3012的电路中的电线的失效、RFID扫描仪3012的通信板的失效等)使得自适应外科器械3194不能捕获、处理和/或传送电池组3006所提供的电池识别信息的情况下，自适应外科器械3194不能确定电池组3006的兼容性。就此类情况而言，期望拥有确定给定电池组与给定自适应外科器械的兼容性的辅助/另选方式。
图46示出了根据本公开的至少方面的与图42的自适应外科器械3194一起使用的电池3300。电池3300可以是任何合适类型的电池，并且可包括任何合适数量的单元。为了简洁起见，电池3300将在下文中称为电池组3300。电池组3300与电池组3006的类似之处在于电池组3300包括射频识别(RFID)标签3302，但不同之处在于电池组3300还包括定位在电池组3300的外表面上的快速响应(QR)码3304和/或产品代码3306。RFID标签3302可与RFID标签3010类似或相同。
QR码3304是包含关于电池组3300的信息的机器可读光学标签。此类信息可包括例如电池识别号、电池组3300中的电池的制造商/品牌、电池组3300中的电池的化学成分/类型(锂、锂离子等)、电池组3300中的电池的类型是可再充电的还是不可再充电的、电池组3300的容量、电池组3300中的电池的标称电压、电池组3300中的电池的电流消耗特性、电池组3300的其他输出特性等。在各个方面，配备有相机和QR码扫描仪应用程序的智能电话、平板计算机等可用于从电池组3300读取QR码3304。
产品代码3306可包括唯一地识别电池组3300的数字、字母、符号等的任何序列。在一些方面，产品代码3306可用于辅助自适应外科器械3194确定电池组3300是否适于与自适应外科器械3194一起使用。
图47示出了根据本公开的至少一个方面的过程3320的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于操作自适应外科器械3194的控制程序或逻辑配置。在至少一个示例中，过程3320由控制电路1210(图15)执行，该控制电路包括处理器1214和存储计算机可执行指令集的存储器1212，该计算机可执行指令集在由处理器1214执行时使处理器1214执行过程3320。在某些示例中，存储在存储器1212中的计算机可执行指令集可使处理器1214执行过程3320的离散部分。尽管过程3320被描述为由控制电路1210执行，但是这仅是为了简洁起见，并且应当理解，过程3320和本文所述的其他过程或其部分可以由可包括多种硬件和/或软件部件并可位于各种合适的系统(诸如组合逻辑电路或时序逻辑电路)中或与各种合适的系统相关联的电路执行。
过程3320包括用于确定给定电池组(诸如电池组3300)是否适于与自适应外科器械3194一起使用的方式/方法。为简洁起见，过程3320将在其与电池组3300的适用性的上下文中描述。在如下情况下可利用另选方式/方法：(1)电池组3300不能将电池识别信息传送到自适应外科器械3194，和/或自适应外科器械3194的RFID扫描仪3012不能读取电池组3300的RFID标签3302所提供的电池识别信息，以及(2)自适应外科器械3194不能确定/验证电池组3300与自适应外科器械3194的兼容性。
如图47所示，自适应外科器械3194在3322处上电，然后当电池组3300被带到接近自适应外科器械3194或被该自适应外科器械接纳时，尝试在3324处读取电池组3300所提供的电池识别信息。在自适应外科器械3194能够在3324处读取电池识别信息的情况下，自适应外科器械3194的控制电路(例如，自适应外科器械3194的控制电路3014和/或另一个控制电路)在3326处确定/验证所识别的电池是否适于与自适应外科器械3194一起使用，然后在3328处基于所接收的电池识别信息来调整自适应外科器械3194的操作(例如，马达操作、操作控制参数等)，如本文其他地方更详细描述。例如，在各个方面，自适应外科器械3194的操作可根据所识别的电池是可再充电的还是不可再充电的、所识别的电池的化学成分(例如，镍金属氢化物、锂离子、碱性氧化锰、锂等)和/或所识别的电池的输出能力而改变。这样，自适应外科器械3194可利用比原本可能的情形宽泛得多的种类的不同电池。在至少一个方面，除了以兼容性数据库或查找表的形式存储信息之外，控制电路3014的存储器3018还可以以认证数据库的形式存储信息。
然而，在自适应外科器械3194不能在3324处读取电池识别信息(例如，由于电池组3300的RFID标签3302的失效和/或自适应外科器械3194的RFID扫描仪3012的失效)的情况下，可通过指示器1209(图19)提供指示(诸如视觉指示或可听指示)，该指示向用户通知自适应外科器械3194未能在3324处读取电池识别信息。然后用户或另一方可使电池组3300的QR码3304和/或产品代码3306在3330处输入到服务器。在至少一个方面，用于捕获QR码3304的智能电话、平板计算机等可通过有线或无线连接将QR码3304传送到服务器。QR码3304向服务器的传送可以是加密通信，正如电池组3300与自适应外科器械3194之间的通信一样。服务器可以是任何合适的服务器，诸如外科集线器系统的服务器。外科集线器系统的示例在2018年12月4日提交的名称为“METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION”的美国专利申请序列号16/209,395中有所描述，该专利申请的全部内容据此以引用方式并入本文。
服务器被配置成能够将QR码3304和/或产品代码3306所提供的电池识别信息与数据库/表格进行比较以在3332处确定QR码3304和/或产品代码3306所识别的电池组3300的真实性。就服务器确定QR码3304和/或产品代码3306所识别的电池组3300已被认证的情况而言，服务器可在3334处生成临时超控令牌，通过有线或无线连接将该临时超控令牌传送到自适应外科器械3194，其中自适应外科器械3194的控制电路(例如，自适应外科器械3194的控制电路3014和/或另一个控制电路)利用临时超控令牌作为未读取的电池识别信息的替代。临时超控令牌向自适应外科器械3194的传送可以是加密通信。临时超控令牌有效地用于超控可在电池组3300未被自适应外科器械3194认证时发生的自适应外科器械3194的操作的闭锁。在至少一个方面，由控制电路3014引发和/或执行闭锁操作。就QR码3304和/或产品代码3306所识别的电池组3300未被认证的情况而言，可通过指示器1209提供指示(诸如视觉指示或可听指示)，该指示向用户通知未能认证电池组3300。
在临时超控令牌就位的情况下，自适应外科器械3194可随后在3326处确定/验证所识别的电池组3300是否适于与自适应外科器械3194一起使用，如上所述。然而，如果自适应外科器械3194由于任何原因而不能验证所识别的电池组3300与自适应外科器械3194兼容，则可提供指示，诸如视觉指示或可听指示，该指示向用户通知自适应外科器械3194未能验证电池组3300与自适应外科器械3194的兼容性。在此类情况下，然后用户或另一方可使电池组3300的QR码3304和/或产品代码3306在3336处输入到服务器。服务器进一步被配置成能够将QR码3304和/或产品代码3306所提供的电池识别信息与数据库/表格进行比较以在3338处确定QR码3304和/或产品代码3306所识别的电池组3300是否适于与自适应外科器械3194一起使用。就服务器确定QR码3304和/或产品代码3306所识别的电池组3300与自适应外科器械3194兼容的情况而言，服务器可在3340处生成另一个临时超控令牌，该另一个临时超控令牌被传送到自适应外科器械3194，其中自适应外科器械3194的控制电路(例如，自适应外科器械3194的控制电路3014和/或另一个控制电路)利用临时超控令牌作为未经验证的兼容性确定的替代。另一个临时超控令牌向自适应外科器械3194的传送可以是加密通信。另一临时超控令牌有效地用于超控可在电池组3300的兼容性未被自适应外科器械3194验证时发生的自适应外科器械3194的操作的闭锁。然后自适应外科器械3194可在3328处调整如上所述的自适应外科器械3194的操作(例如，马达操作、操作控制参数等)。
尽管图47的过程3320的描述限于(1)确定电池组3300的真实性以及(2)确定/验证电池组3300和自适应外科器械3194的兼容性，但是过程3320的基本逻辑也可用于确定可与自适应外科器械3194一起使用的任何数量的部件和/或子系统的兼容性。例如，通过为给定钉仓和给定砧座提供上述RFID能力，自适应外科器械3194可从给定钉仓的RFID标签接收钉仓识别信息并且从给定砧座的RFID标签接收砧座识别信息。在至少一个方面，自适应外科器械3194的轴组件被配置成能够接纳砧座，并且自适应外科器械3194被配置成能够接纳钉仓。在钉仓识别信息和砧座识别信息被加密的情况下，自适应外科器械3194的控制电路(例如，自适应外科器械3194的控制电路3014和/或另一个控制电路)可利用通用私钥来解密所接收的钉仓识别信息和所接收的砧座识别信息，然后确定/验证给定钉仓与给定砧座的兼容性以及给定钉仓和给定砧座与自适应外科器械3194的兼容性。在确定钉仓不与砧座兼容的情况下，服务器和/或另一个系统可通过例如指示器1209提供不兼容性问题的来源的指示并且提供与如何校正不兼容性问题有关的细节。
另外，当自适应外科器械3194不能接收/读取适用识别信息时，可利用过程3320的基本逻辑以及如上所述的QR码、产品代码和一个或多个服务器来确定任何数量的部件和/或子系统的真实性/兼容性。例如，除了在自适应外科器械3194不能接收/读取适用识别信息(例如，由于RFID标签s和/或RFID扫描仪失效)时确定电池组3300的真实性以及电池组3300与自适应外科器械3194的兼容性之外，还可使用利用QR码、产品代码和一个或多个服务器的相同基本过程来确定砧座和钉仓的真实性以及给定砧座与给定仓的兼容性以及给定砧座和给定仓与自适应外科器械3194的兼容性。在服务器确定钉仓不与砧座兼容的情况下，服务器和/或另一个系统可提供不兼容性问题的来源的指示并且提供与如何校正不兼容性问题有关的细节。
另外，由于可与自适应外科器械3194一起使用的许多部件和子系统以包装的形式呈现，如果适用QR码和/或产品代码包括在该包装上，则可利用过程3320的基本逻辑以及如上所述的QR码、产品代码和一个或多个服务器来确定据推测位于该包装中的任何数量的部件和/或子系统的真实性/兼容性。
图48示出了过程3400的逻辑流程图，该逻辑流程图描绘了用于验证外科器械(诸如外科器械2200、3194)的外科器械部件的真实性和/或兼容性的控制程序或逻辑配置。在至少一个示例中，过程3400由控制电路1210(图15)执行，该控制电路包括处理器1214和存储计算机可执行指令集的存储器1212，该计算机可执行指令集在由处理器1214执行时使处理器1214执行过程3400。在某些示例中，存储在存储器1212中的计算机可执行指令集可使处理器1214执行过程3400的离散部分。尽管过程3320被描述为由控制电路1210执行，但是这仅是为了简洁起见，并且应当理解，过程3400和本文所述的其他过程或其部分可以由可包括多种硬件和/或软件部件并可位于各种合适的系统(诸如组合逻辑电路或时序逻辑电路)中或与各种合适的系统相关联的电路执行。
在各种示例中，控制电路1210例如可采用过程3400来验证外科器械和电池组的真实性和/或兼容性，该电池组能够在装配构型与未装配构型之间可释放地联接到外科器械。在其他示例中，控制电路1210例如可采用过程3400来验证外科器械的砧座和钉仓的真实性和/或兼容性。
如图48所示，过程3400包括在3402处接收指示外科器械(诸如外科器械2200(图19))的第一外科器械部件的第一识别信息的第一输入。第一识别信息可存储在第一外科器械部件的第一RFID标签中。过程3400包括在3404处接收指示外科器械的第二外科器械部件的第二识别信息的第二输入。第二识别信息可存储在第二外科器械部件的第二RFID标签中。如图19所示，例如，控制电路1210可联接到一个或多个RFID扫描仪，该一个或多个RFID扫描仪被配置成能够读取所存储的识别信息。
过程3400还包括在3406处接收指示外科器械的第一外科器械部件的包装的第三识别信息的第三输入。在第一示例中，该包装包括存储第三识别信息的RFID标签。在第二示例中，该包装包括具有第三识别信息的CR码。在第三示例中，该包装包括具有第三识别信息的产品编号。第三识别信息是第一识别信息和第二识别信息的加密集群，并且可由控制电路1210经由第一示例中的RFID扫描仪或第二示例和第三示例中配备有相机的任何合适智能电话、平板计算机等来检索。
在各种情况下，过程3400还包括在3408处解密第三识别信息的加密，并且在3410处通过将第一识别信息和第二识别信息与解密的第三识别信息进行比较来确定第一外科器械部件和第二外科器械部件的真实性。在某些情况下，存储器1212可存储解密密钥，处理器1214可利用该解密密钥来解密第三识别信息的加密。
此外，在某些示例中，过程3400可包括在3412处基于第一识别信息和第二识别信息来确定第一外科部件和第二外科部件的兼容性。在至少一个示例中，存储器1212存储兼容性数据库或查找表，处理器1214可利用该兼容性数据库或查找表来评估第一外科器械部件和第二外科器械部件的兼容性。在某些示例中，第一识别信息识别外科器械自身，并且可存储在控制电路1210的存储器1212中，处理器1214可在此检索第一识别信息。在某些示例中，第二外科器械部件是电池组，诸如电池组120。在至少一个示例中，第一外科器械部件是砧座，诸如砧座2400，而第二外科器械部件是钉仓，诸如缝合头部组件2300的钉仓。本公开设想了适合与过程3400一起使用的第一外科器械部件和第二外科器械部件的其他示例。
本文所述主题的各个方面在以下实施例中阐述：
实施例集1
·实施例1-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳；轴组件，该轴组件从该外壳朝远侧延伸；缝合头部组件，该缝合头部组件位于该轴组件的远侧端部处；砧座，该砧座能够与该缝合头部组件联接；以及砧座调整组件。该缝合头部组件包括远侧表面。该缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉的环形阵列穿过该远侧表面。该缝合头部组件包括射频识别(RFID)扫描仪。该砧座能够相对于该缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移。该砧座包括RFID标签。该砧座调整组件包括平移构件。该平移构件能够操作以沿纵向轴线相对于该外壳平移，从而调整该砧座的相对于该缝合头部组件的该远侧表面的纵向位置。该RFID标签能够由该RFID扫描仪在附接阈值距离处或在附接阈值距离以下被检测到。
·实施例2-根据实施例1所述的外科器械，其中该RFID标签适于存储关于该砧座的信息。
·实施例3-根据实施例1或2所述的外科器械，其中该砧座包括头部和从该头部延伸的柄部。该柄部支撑该RFID标签。
·实施例4-根据实施例3所述的外科器械，其中该柄部包括凹陷部，该凹陷部的尺寸被设定成接纳该RFID标签。
·实施例5-根据实施例3或4所述的外科器械，其中该RFID标签与该柄部绝缘。
·实施例6-根据实施例1至5中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该RFID标签能够在该闭合构型中由该RFID扫描仪检测。
·实施例7-根据实施例1至6中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该缝合头部组件包括内芯构件。该内芯构件支撑该RFID扫描仪。
·实施例8-根据实施例1至7中任一项所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括控制电路，该控制电路被配置成能够基于来自该RFID扫描仪的输入来检测该砧座相对于该缝合头部组件的适当座置取向。
·实施例9-根据实施例1至8中任一项所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括控制电路，该控制电路被配置成能够基于来自该RFID扫描仪的指示关于该砧座的信息的输入来检查该砧座与该缝合头部组件的钉仓的兼容性。
·实施例10-根据实施例1至9中任一项所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括控制电路，该控制电路被配置成能够基于来自该RFID扫描仪的输入来检测该闭合构型。
·实施例11-根据实施例10所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括联接到该控制电路的指示器。该控制电路被配置成能够使该指示器发出指示该闭合构型的警示。
·实施例12-根据实施例1至11中任一项所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括闭锁组件。该闭锁组件被配置成能够在第一状态与第二状态之间转变。在该第一状态下，该闭锁组件被配置成能够允许该平移构件的平移。在该第二状态下，该闭锁组件被配置成能够防止该平移构件的平移。
·实施例13-根据实施例12所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括控制电路，该控制电路被配置成能够基于来自该RFID扫描仪的输入来在该第一状态与该第二状态之间选择。
·实施例14-根据实施例1至13中任一项所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括控制电路，该控制电路被配置成能够基于该RFID扫描仪与该RFID标签之间的信号的丢失来检测该砧座从该缝合头部组件的分离。
·实施例15-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括轴组件；缝合头部组件，该缝合头部组件位于该轴组件的远侧端部处；以及砧座，该砧座能够与该缝合头部组件联接。该缝合头部组件包括钉仓和RFID扫描仪。该钉仓包括仓平台。该缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉从该钉仓穿过该仓平台。该钉仓包括第一RFID标签。该第一RFID标签适于存储关于该钉仓的信息。该RFID扫描仪被配置成能够检测保持于该缝合头部组件处的该钉仓的该第一RFID标签。该砧座能够相对于该缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移。该砧座包括第二RFID标签。该第二RFID标签适于存储关于该砧座的信息。该RFID扫描仪被配置成能够在该闭合构型中检测该第二RFID标签。
·实施例16-根据实施例15所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括联接到该RFID扫描仪的控制电路。该控制电路被配置成能够基于存储在该第一RFID标签中的该信息和存储在该第二RFID标签中的该信息来确定该砧座与该钉仓之间的兼容性。
·实施例17-根据实施例15或16所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括联接到该RFID扫描仪的控制电路。该控制电路被配置成能够基于存储在该第一RFID标签中的该信息来确定该钉仓的击发状态。
·实施例18-根据实施例15至17中任一项所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括控制电路，该控制电路被配置成能够基于从该第一RFID标签和该第二RFID标签传递到该RFID扫描仪的信号来检测该砧座相对于该缝合头部组件的适当座置取向。
·实施例19-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳；轴组件，该轴组件从该外壳朝远侧延伸；缝合头部组件，该缝合头部组件位于该轴组件的远侧端部处；砧座，该砧座能够与该缝合头部组件联接；以及RFID系统。该缝合头部组件包括远侧表面。该缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉的环形阵列穿过该远侧表面。该砧座能够相对于该缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移以将组织捕获在该砧座和该缝合头部组件之间。该RFID系统包括RFID扫描仪和RFID标签，该RFID标签适于存储关于该砧座的信息。该RFID标签被配置成能够在该闭合构型中将指示该信息的RF信号传递到该RFID扫描仪。该外科器械还包括联接到该RFID扫描仪的控制电路。该控制电路被配置成能够基于来自该组织的RF信号反向散射来确定该组织的特性。
·实施例20-根据实施例19所述的外科器械，其中该特性是组织厚度。
实施例集2
·实施例1-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括端部执行器、轴和外壳。该端部执行器包括砧座；钉仓，该钉仓包括钉，这些钉能够朝向该砧座并穿过抓持在该砧座与该钉仓之间的组织部署；切割构件，该切割构件被配置成能够切割该组织；以及第一射频识别(RFID)标签，该第一RFID标签被配置成适于存储端部执行器信息。该轴包括远侧部分，该远侧部分能够随该端部执行器在第一附接构型与第一分离构型之间选择性地转变；该远侧部分附近的第一RFID扫描仪；近侧部分；以及第二RFID标签，该第二RFID标签被配置成适于存储轴信息。该第一RFID扫描仪被配置成能够在该第一附接构型中检测该第一RFID标签。该外壳能够随该轴的该近侧部分在第二附接构型与第二分离构型之间选择性地转变。该外壳包括第二RFID扫描仪，该第二RFID扫描仪被配置成能够在该第二附接构型中检测该第二RFID标签；马达，该马达被配置成能够将负载施加到该端部执行器以缝合和切割该组织；以及控制电路。该控制电路被配置成能够从该第一RFID扫描仪接收指示该端部执行器信息的输入，从该第二RFID扫描仪接收指示该轴信息的输入，并且基于该端部执行器信息和该轴信息来调整该马达的至少一个操作参数。
·实施例2-根据实施例1所述的外科器械，其中该端部执行器信息指示钉仓尺寸。该轴信息指示轴外形。
·实施例3-根据实施例2所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够基于该钉仓尺寸和该轴外形来确定由该马达施加到该端部执行器的该负载的最终最大负载阈值。
·实施例4-根据实施例3所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够通过将默认最大负载阈值调整基于该钉仓尺寸的第一调整值和基于该轴外形的第二调整值来确定该最终最大负载阈值。
·实施例5-根据实施例2至4中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够基于该钉仓尺寸来将该马达的激活延迟预先确定的时间段。
·实施例6-根据实施例1至5中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够接收来自用户的输入并且基于该用户输入、该端部执行器信息和该轴信息中的至少两者来调整该马达的该至少一个操作参数。
·实施例7-根据实施例6所述的外科器械，其中来自该用户的该输入包括用户选择的成形高度。
·实施例8-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括端部执行器和外壳组件。该端部执行器包括砧座；钉仓，该钉仓包括钉，这些钉能够朝向该砧座并穿过抓持在该砧座与该钉仓之间的组织部署；切割构件，该切割构件被配置成能够切割该组织；以及第一RFID标签，该第一RFID标签被配置成适于存储端部执行器信息。该外壳组件包括轴，该轴能够随该端部执行器在附接构型与分离构型之间选择性地转变；RFID扫描仪，该RFID扫描仪被配置成能够在该附接构型中检测该RFID标签；马达，该马达被配置成能够将负载施加到该端部执行器以缝合和切割该组织；以及控制电路。该控制电路被配置成能够从该RFID扫描仪接收指示该端部执行器信息的输入并且基于该端部执行器信息来调整该马达的至少一个操作参数。
·实施例9-根据实施例8所述的外科器械，其中该端部执行器信息指示钉仓尺寸。
·实施例10-根据实施例9所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够基于该钉仓尺寸来确定由该马达施加到该端部执行器的该负载的最终最大负载阈值。
·实施例11-根据实施例10所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够通过将默认最大负载阈值调整基于该钉仓尺寸的调整值来确定该最终最大负载阈值。
·实施例12-根据实施例9至11中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够基于该钉仓尺寸来将该马达的激活延迟预先确定的时间段。
·实施例13-根据实施例8至12中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够接收来自用户的输入并且基于该用户输入和该端部执行器信息来调整该马达的该至少一个操作参数。
·实施例14-根据实施例13所述的外科器械，其中来自该用户的该输入包括用户选择的成形高度。
·实施例15-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括端部执行器、轴和外壳。该端部执行器包括缝合头部组件；砧座，该砧座能够相对于该缝合头部组件移动闭合距离以使该端部执行器从打开构型转变到闭合构型；以及第一RFID标签，该第一RFID标签被配置成适于存储端部执行器信息。在该闭合构型中，组织被抓持在该砧座与该缝合头部组件之间。该轴包括远侧部分，该远侧部分能够随该端部执行器在第一附接构型与第一分离构型之间选择性地转变；该远侧部分附近的第一RFID扫描仪；近侧部分；以及第二RFID标签，该第二RFID标签被配置成适于存储轴信息。该第一RFID扫描仪被配置成能够在该第一附接构型中检测该第一RFID标签。该外壳能够随该轴的该近侧部分在第二附接构型与第二分离构型之间选择性地转变。该外壳包括第二RFID扫描仪，该第二RFID扫描仪被配置成能够在该第二附接构型中检测该第二RFID标签；马达，该马达被配置成能够生成闭合运动以使该砧座移动该闭合距离；以及控制电路。该控制电路被配置成能够从该第一RFID扫描仪接收指示该端部执行器信息的输入，从该第二RFID扫描仪接收指示该轴信息的输入，并且基于该端部执行器信息和该轴信息来调整该马达的至少一个操作参数。
·实施例16-根据实施例15所述的外科器械，其中该端部执行器信息指示钉仓尺寸。该轴信息指示轴外形。
·实施例17-根据实施例16所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够基于该钉仓尺寸和该轴外形来确定该闭合距离的最终最小阈值。
·实施例18-根据实施例17所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够通过将该闭合距离的默认最小阈值调整基于该钉仓尺寸的第一调整值和基于该轴外形的第二调整值来确定该闭合距离的该最终最小阈值。
·实施例19-根据实施例15所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够基于该端部执行器信息和该轴信息来调整该砧座的用户可选闭合距离范围。
实施例集3
·实施例1-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳组件，该外壳组件包括电池接口，该电池接口被配置成能够可释放地保持电池；射频识别扫描仪，该射频识别扫描仪被定位在该电池接口处；以及控制电路。该射频识别扫描仪被配置成能够从该电池接收信息。该控制电路被配置成能够基于从该电池接收的该信息来确定该电池与该外科器械的兼容性。
·实施例2-根据实施例1所述的外科器械，其中该外壳组件被配置成能够在装配构型中接纳该电池。
·实施例3-根据实施例2所述的外科器械，其中该射频识别扫描仪进一步被配置成能够在该装配构型中从该电池的射频识别标签接收该信息。
·实施例4-根据实施例2所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括该电池。该电池包括在该装配构型中在该射频识别扫描仪的检测范围内的射频识别标签。
·实施例5-根据实施例4所述的外科器械，其中该射频识别标签存储如下的至少一者：电池识别号、该电池的制造商、该电池的化学成分、该电池是否可再充电、该电池的容量、该电池的标称电压、该电池的电流消耗特性以及该电池的输出特性。
·实施例6-根据实施例1至5中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路包括电连接到该射频识别扫描仪的处理器和电连接到该处理器的存储器。
·实施例7-根据实施例6所述的外科器械，其中该存储器存储如下的至少一者：兼容性数据库和查找表。
·实施例8-根据实施例1至7中任一项所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括定位在该外壳组件内的电动马达。该控制电路进一步被配置成能够电子地闭锁该电动马达的操作。
·实施例9-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳组件，该外壳组件包括电池接口；定位在该电池接口处的射频识别标签；定位在该外壳组件内的电动马达；能够电联接到该电动马达的电池；以及控制电路。该电池包括射频识别扫描仪。该射频识别扫描仪被配置成能够在与该外壳组件的装配构型中从该外科器械的该射频识别标签接收信息。该控制电路被配置成能够基于从该射频识别标签接收的该信息来确定该外科器械与该电池的兼容性。
·实施例10-根据实施例9所述的外科器械，其中该射频识别标签存储如下的至少一者：外科器械识别号、该外科器械的制造商、该外科器械的类型、该电动马达的类型、该外科器械的性能能力以及驻留在该外科器械处的控制算法。
·实施例11-根据实施例9或10所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路包括电连接到该射频识别扫描仪的处理器和电连接到该处理器的存储器。
·实施例12-根据实施例11所述的外科器械，其中该存储器存储如下的至少一者：兼容性数据库和查找表。
·实施例13-根据实施例9至12中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该外科器械还包括定位在该电池内的第二射频识别标签、定位在该电池接口处的第二射频识别扫描仪以及第二控制电路。该第二射频识别扫描仪被配置成能够在该装配构型中从该第二射频识别标签接收信息。该第二控制电路被配置成能够基于从该第二射频识别标签接收的该信息来确定该电池与该外科器械的兼容性。
·实施例14-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳组件；射频识别扫描仪，该射频识别扫描仪被定位在该外壳组件内；以及控制电路。该外壳组件被配置成能够接纳第一电池并在已从该外壳组件移除该第一电池之后接纳第二电池。该第二电池的输出特性与该第一电池的输出特性不同。该控制电路被配置成能够调整该外科器械的操作以使该第二电池模拟该第一电池的该输出特性。
·实施例15-根据实施例14所述的外科器械，其中该第一电池的这些输出特性中的至少一个输出特性包括该第一电池的电压。
·实施例16-根据实施例14或15所述的外科器械，其中该第一电池的这些输出特性中的至少一个输出特性包括从该第一电池消耗的电流。
·实施例17-根据实施例14至16中至少一项所述的外科器械，其中该第一电池的这些输出特性中的至少一个输出特性包括该第一电池的输出容量。
·实施例18-根据实施例14至17中至少一项所述的外科器械，其中该第一电池的这些输出特性中的至少一个输出特性包括该第一电池所提供的功率。
·实施例19-根据实施例14至18中至少一项所述的外科器械，其中该射频识别扫描仪被配置成能够从该第一电池接收第一信息并从该第二电池接收第二信息。
·实施例20-根据实施例14至19中至少一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路包括电连接到该射频识别扫描仪的处理器和电连接到该处理器的存储器。
实施例集4
·实施例1-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括端部执行器，该端部执行器能够操作以处理组织；轴，该轴从该端部执行器朝近侧延伸；以及外壳组件，该外壳组件从该轴朝近侧延伸。该外壳组件包括射频识别(RFID)扫描仪和马达组件隔室，该马达组件隔室包括在装配构型中由该马达组件隔室可互换地保持的马达组件。该马达组件能够相对于该马达组件隔室在该装配构型和未装配构型之间运动。该马达组件包括马达，该马达被配置成能够驱动该端部执行器以处理该组织；以及RFID标签，该RFID标签能够在该装配构型中由该RFID扫描仪检测。该RFID标签存储马达组件信息。
·实施例2-根据实施例1所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括控制电路，该控制电路被配置成能够在该装配构型中从该RFID扫描仪接收输入，该输入指示该马达组件信息。
·实施例3-根据实施例2所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于该马达组件信息来调整该马达的至少一个操作参数。
·实施例4-根据实施例2或3所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于该马达组件信息来选择该外科器械的控制算法。
·实施例5-根据实施例4所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够从各自与不同马达组件信息相关联的控制算法选择该控制算法。
·实施例6-根据实施例2至5中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于该马达组件信息来确定马达设置。
·实施例7-根据实施例1至6中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该马达组件包括能够操作地联接到该马达的齿轮箱。
·实施例8-根据实施例7所述的外科器械，其中该马达组件信息包括齿轮箱信息和马达信息。
·实施例9-根据实施例1至8中任一项所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括在该装配构型中联接到该马达组件的功率源。
·实施例10-根据实施例9所述的外科器械，其中该功率源被配置成能够生成功率输出以使该马达驱动该端部执行器而处理该组织。
·实施例11-根据实施例10所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于该马达组件信息来确定该功率输出的值。
·实施例12-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括端部执行器，该端部执行器能够操作以处理组织；轴，该轴从该端部执行器朝近侧延伸；以及外壳组件，该外壳组件从该轴朝近侧延伸。该外壳组件包括射频识别(RFID)扫描仪和马达组件隔室，该马达组件隔室包括在装配构型中由该马达组件隔室可互换地保持的马达组件。该马达组件能够相对于该马达组件隔室在该装配构型和未装配构型之间运动。该马达组件包括马达，该马达被配置成能够驱动该端部执行器以处理该组织；以及RFID标签，在该装配构型中，该RFID标签被定位在该RFID扫描仪的检测范围处或以内。该RFID标签存储马达组件信息。
·实施例13-根据实施例12所述的外科器械，该外科器械还包括控制电路，该控制电路被配置成能够在该装配构型中从该RFID扫描仪接收输入，该输入指示该马达组件信息。
·实施例14-根据实施例13所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于该马达组件信息来调整该马达的至少一个操作参数。
·实施例15-根据实施例13或14所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于该马达组件信息来选择该外科器械的控制算法。
·实施例16-根据实施例15所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够从各自与不同马达组件信息相关联的控制算法选择该控制算法。
·实施例17-根据实施例13至16中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于该马达组件信息来确定马达设置。
实施例集5
·实施例1-一种外科器械，该外科器械包括外壳组件；轴组件，该轴组件联接到该外壳组件；至少一个射频识别扫描仪，该至少一个射频识别扫描仪被配置成能够从射频识别标签接收信息，这些射频识别标签对应于能够联接到该外科器械的部件；以及控制电路。该控制电路被配置成能够基于从这些射频识别标签接收的该信息来为每个部件确定该部件的真实性。
·实施例2-根据实施例1所述的外科器械，其中该信息包括这些部件中的第一部件的第一识别信息和这些部件中的第二部件的第二识别信息。该至少一个射频识别扫描仪被配置成能够从该第一部件的包装的射频识别标签接收第三识别信息，并且其中该第三识别信息被加密。
·实施例3-根据实施例2所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路被配置成能够解密该第三识别信息并且通过将该第一识别信息和该第二识别信息与该解密的第三识别信息进行比较来确定该第一部件和该第二部件的真实性。
·实施例4-根据实施例3或4所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路采用私钥来解密该第三识别信息。
·实施例5-根据实施例1至4中任一项所述的外科器械，其中这些部件包括电池、砧座和钉仓。
·实施例6-根据实施例5所述的外科器械，其中该外壳组件被配置成能够接纳该电池。
·实施例7-根据实施例5或6所述的外科器械，其中该外科器械被配置成能够接纳该钉仓。
·实施例8-根据实施例1至7中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路包括电连接到该至少一个射频识别扫描仪的处理器和电连接到该处理器的存储器。
·实施例9-根据实施例8所述的外科器械，其中该存储器存储如下的至少一者：认证数据库、兼容性数据库和查找表。
·实施例10-根据实施例1至9中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于这些部件中的任何一个部件缺乏真实性的确定来电子地闭锁该外科器械的操作。
·实施例11-根据实施例10所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于从服务器接收的临时超控令牌来超控该外科器械的该闭锁。
·实施例12-根据实施例11所述的外科器械，其中该临时超控令牌基于如下的至少一者：与这些部件中的任何一个部件相关联的快速响应码和与这些部件中的任何一个部件相关联的产品代码。
·实施例13-根据实施例1至12中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于从这些射频识别标签接收的该信息来为每个部件确定该部件是否与该外科器械兼容。
·实施例14-根据实施例1至13中任一项所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于从这些射频识别标签接收的该信息来确定这些部件中的一个部件是否与这些部件中的另一个部件兼容。
·实施例15-根据实施例1所述的外科器械，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于从服务器接收的临时超控令牌来超控该外科器械的闭锁。
·实施例16-一种外科组件，该外科组件包括外科器械，该外科器械包括第一识别信息；电池组，该电池组能够联接到该外科器械；以及控制电路。该电池组被配置成能够在与该外科器械的装配构型中将能量传递到该外科器械。该电池组包括存储第二识别信息的电池RFID标签。该控制电路被配置成能够接收指示存储在该外科器械的包装的RFID标签中的加密的第三识别信息的输入，解密该第三识别信息，并且通过将该第一识别信息和该第二识别信息与该解密的第三识别信息进行比较来确定该外科器械和该电池组的真实性。
·实施例17-根据实施例16所述的外科组件，其中该控制电路进一步被配置成能够基于该第一识别信息和该第二识别信息来确定该电池组与该外科器械的兼容性。
·实施例18-根据实施例16或17所述的外科组件，其中该控制电路包括处理器和电连接到该处理器的存储器。该存储器存储如下的至少一者：兼容性数据库和查找表。
·实施例19-一种外科组件，该外科组件包括外科器械部件和外科器械。该外科器械部件包括存储该外科器械部件的第一识别信息的RFID标签。该外科器械部件能够在装配构型与未装配构型之间可释放地联接到该外科器械。该外科器械包括RFID扫描仪，该RFID扫描仪被配置成能够读取该第一识别信息；以及控制电路，该控制电路联接到该RFID扫描仪。该控制电路被配置成能够基于该第一识别信息来检测该外科器械部件与该外科器械的不兼容性，检索该外科器械部件的第二识别信息，基于该第二识别信息来检索临时超控令牌，并且采用该临时超控令牌来绕过该不兼容性检测。
·实施例20-根据实施例19所述的外科组件，其中该第二识别信息是该外科器械部件的序列号。
·实施例21-根据实施例19或20所述的外科组件，其中QR码包括该第二识别信息。
尽管已举例说明和描述了多个形式，但是申请人的意图并非将所附权利要求的范围约束或限制在此类细节中。在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可实现对这些形式的许多修改、变型、改变、替换、组合和等同物，并且本领域技术人员将想到这些形式的许多修改、变型、改变、替换、组合和等同物。此外，另选地，可将与所描述的形式相关联的每个元件的结构描述为用于提供由所述元件执行的功能的器件。另外，在公开了用于某些部件的材料的情况下，也可使用其他材料。因此，应当理解，上述具体实施方式和所附权利要求旨在涵盖属于本发明所公开的形式范围内的所有此类修改、组合和变型。所附权利要求旨在涵盖所有此类修改、变型、改变、替换、修改和等同物。
上述具体实施方式已经由使用框图、流程图和/或示例阐述了装置和/或方法的各种形式。只要此类框图、流程图和/或示例包含一个或多个功能和/或操作，本领域的技术人员就要将其理解为此类框图、流程图和/或示例中的每个功能和/或操作都可以单独和/或共同地通过多种硬件、软件、固件或实际上它们的任何组合来实施。本领域的技术人员将会认识到，本文公开的形式中的一些方面可作为在一台或多台计算机上运行的一个或多个计算机程序(例如，作为在一个或多个计算机系统上运行的一个或多个程序)，作为在一个或多个处理器上运行的一个或多个程序(例如，作为在一个或多个微处理器上运行的一个或多个程序)，作为固件，或作为实际上它们的任何组合全部或部分地在集成电路中等效地实现，并且根据本公开，设计电路系统和/或编写软件和/或硬件的代码将在本领域技术人员的技术范围内。另外，本领域的技术人员将会认识到，本文所述主题的机制能够作为多种形式的一个或多个程序产品进行分布，并且本文所述主题的例示性形式适用，而不管用于实际进行分布的信号承载介质的具体类型是什么。
用于编程逻辑以执行各种所公开的方面的指令可存储在系统中的存储器内，诸如动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、高速缓存、闪存存储器或其他存储器。此外，指令可经由网络或通过其他计算机可读介质来分发。因此，机器可读介质可包括用于存储或传输以机器(例如，计算机)可读形式的信息的任何机构，但不限于软盘、光学盘、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、和磁光盘、只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、磁卡或光卡、闪存存储器、或经由电信号、光学信号、声学信号或其他形式的传播信号(例如，载波、红外信号、数字信号等)在因特网上传输信息时使用的有形的、机器可读存储装置。因此，非暂态计算机可读介质包括适于以机器(例如，计算机)可读的形式存储或传输电子指令或信息的任何类型的有形机器可读介质。
如本文任一方面所用，术语“控制电路”可指例如硬连线电路系统、可编程电路系统(例如，计算机处理器，该计算机处理器包括一个或多个单独指令处理内核、处理单元，处理器、微控制器、微控制器单元、控制器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、可编程逻辑阵列(PLA)、场可编程门阵列(FPGA))、状态机电路系统、存储由可编程电路系统执行的指令的固件、以及它们的任何组合。控制电路可以集体地或单独地实现为形成更大系统的一部分的电路系统，例如集成电路(IC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、片上系统(SoC)、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、平板计算机、服务器、智能电话等。因此，如本文所用，“控制电路”包括但不限于具有至少一个离散电路的电子电路、具有至少一个集成电路的电子电路、具有至少一个专用集成电路的电子电路、形成由计算机程序配置的通用计算设备的电子电路(如，至少部分地实施本文所述的方法和/或设备的由计算机程序配置的通用计算机，或至少部分地实施本文所述的方法和/或设备的由计算机程序配置的微处理器)、形成存储器设备(如，形成随机存取存储器)的电子电路，和/或形成通信设备(如，调节解调器、通信开关或光电设备)的电子电路。本领域的技术人员将会认识到，可以模拟或数字方式或它们的一些组合实施本文所述的主题。
如本文的任何方面所用，术语“逻辑”可指被配置成能够执行前述操作中的任一者的应用程序、软件、固件和/或电路系统。软件可体现为记录在非暂态计算机可读存储介质上的软件包、代码、指令、指令集和/或数据。固件可体现为在存储器装置中硬编码(例如，非易失性)的代码、指令或指令集和/或数据。
如本文任一方面所用，术语“部件”、“系统”、“模块”等可指计算机相关实体、硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件或执行中的软件。
如本文任一方面中所用，“算法”是指导致所期望结果的有条理的步骤序列，其中“步骤”是指物理量和/或逻辑状态的操纵，物理量和/或逻辑状态可(但不一定)采用能被存储、转移、组合、比较和以其他方式操纵的电或磁信号的形式。常用于指这些信号，如位、值、元素、符号、字符、术语、数字等。这些和类似的术语可与适当的物理量相关联并且仅仅是应用于这些量和/或状态的方便的标签。
网络可包括分组交换网络。通信装置可能够使用所选择的分组交换网络通信协议来彼此通信。一个示例性通信协议可包括可能够允许使用传输控制协议/因特网协议(TCP/IP)进行通信的以太网通信协议。以太网协议可符合或兼容电气和电子工程师学会(IEEE)于2008年12月发布的标题为“IEEE802.3Standard”的以太网标准和/或本标准的更高版本。另选地或附加地，通信装置可能够使用X.25通信协议彼此通信。X.25通信协议可符合或兼容由国际电信联盟电信标准化部门(ITU-T)发布的标准。另选地或附加地，通信装置可能够使用帧中继通信协议彼此通信。帧中继通信协议可符合或兼容由国际电报电话咨询委员会(CCITT)和/或美国国家标准学会(ANSI)发布的标准。另选地或附加地，收发器可能够使用异步传输模式(ATM)通信协议彼此通信。ATM通信协议可符合或兼容ATM论坛于2001年8月发布的名为“ATM-MPLS Network Interworking 2.0”的ATM标准和/或该标准的更高版本。当然，本文同样设想了不同的和/或之后开发的连接取向的网络通信协议。
在各个方面，根据本公开的控制电路的微控制器可为任何单核或多核处理器，诸如已知的由Texas Instruments生产的商品名为ARM Cortex的那些。在一个方面，微控制器461可为购自例如Texas Instruments的LM4F230H5QR ARM Cortex-M4F处理器核心，其包括256KB的单循环闪存或其他非易失性存储器(高达40MHz)的片上存储器、用于改善高于40MHz的性能的预取缓冲器、32KB单循环SRAM、装载有
Figure BDA0003437081860000771
软件的内部ROM、2KB电EEPROM、一个或多个PWM模块、一个或多个QEI模拟、具有12个模拟输入信道的一个或多个12位ADC，其细节可见于产品数据表。
除非上述公开中另外明确指明，否则可以理解的是，在上述公开中，使用术语如“处理”、“估算”、“计算”、“确定”、“显示”的讨论是指计算机系统或类似的电子计算装置的动作和进程，其操纵表示为计算机系统的寄存器和存储器内的物理(电子)量的数据并将其转换成相似地表示为计算机系统存储器或寄存器或其他此类信息存储、传输或显示装置内的物理量的其他数据。
一个或多个部件在本文中可被称为“被配置成能够”、“可配置成能够”、“可操作/可操作地”、“适于/可适于”、“能够”、“可适形/适形于”等。本领域的技术人员将会认识到，除非上下文另有所指，否则“被配置成能够”通常可涵盖活动状态的部件和/或未活动状态的部件和/或待机状态的部件。
术语“近侧”和“远侧”在本文中是相对于操纵外科器械的外壳部分的临床医生来使用的。术语“近侧”是指最靠近临床医生的部分，术语“远侧”是指远离临床医生定位的部分。还应当理解，为简洁和清楚起见，本文可结合附图使用诸如“竖直”、“水平”、“上”和“下”等空间术语。然而，外科器械在许多取向和方位中使用，并且这些术语并非是限制性的和/或绝对的。
本领域的技术人员将认识到，一般而言，本文、以及特别是所附权利要求(例如，所附权利要求的正文)中所使用的术语通常旨在为“开放”术语(例如，术语“包括”应解释为“包括但不限于”，术语“具有”应解释为“至少具有”，术语“包含”应解释为“包含但不限于”等)。本领域的技术人员还应当理解，如果所引入权利要求表述的具体数目为预期的，则此类意图将在权利要求中明确表述，并且在不存在此类叙述的情况下，不存在此类意图。例如，为有助于理解，下述所附权利要求可含有对介绍性短语“至少一个”和“一个或多个”的使用以引入权利要求。然而，对此类短语的使用不应视为暗示通过不定冠词“一个”或“一种”引入权利要求表述将含有此类引入权利要求表述的任何特定权利要求限制在含有仅一个这样的表述的权利要求中，甚至当同一权利要求包括介绍性短语“一个或多个”或“至少一个”和诸如“一个”或“一种”(例如，“一个”和/或“一种”通常应解释为意指“至少一个”或“一个或多个”)的不定冠词时；这也适用于对用于引入权利要求表述的定冠词的使用。
另外，即使明确叙述引入权利要求叙述的特定数目，本领域的技术人员应当认识到，此种叙述通常应解释为意指至少所叙述的数目(例如，在没有其他修饰语的情况下，对“两个叙述”的裸叙述通常意指至少两个叙述、或两个或更多个叙述)。此外，在其中使用类似于“A、B和C中的至少一者等”的惯例的那些情况下，一般而言，此类构造意在具有本领域的技术人员将理解所述惯例的意义(例如，“具有A、B和C中的至少一者的系统”将包括但不限于具有仅A、仅B、仅C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起和/或A、B和C一起等的系统)。在其中使用类似于“A、B或C中的至少一者等”的惯例的那些情况下，一般而言，此类构造意在具有本领域的技术人员将理解所述惯例的意义(例如，“具有A、B或C中的至少一者的系统”应当包括但不限于具有仅A、仅B、仅C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起和/或A、B和C一起等的系统)。本领域的技术人员还应当理解，通常，除非上下文另有指示，否则无论在具体实施方式、权利要求或附图中呈现两个或更多个替代术语的转折性词语和/或短语应理解为涵盖包括所述术语中的一者、所述术语中的任一个或这两个术语的可能性。例如，短语“A或B”通常将被理解为包括“A”或“B”或“A和B”的可能性。
对于所附的权利要求，本领域的技术人员将会理解，其中表述的操作通常可以任何顺序进行。另外，尽管以一个或多个序列出了各种操作流程图，但应当理解，可以不同于所示顺序的其他顺序执行各种操作，或者可同时执行所述各种操作。除非上下文另有规定，否则此类替代排序的示例可包括重叠、交错、中断、重新排序、增量、预备、补充、同时、反向，或其他改变的排序。此外，除非上下文另有规定，否则像“响应于”、“相关”这样的术语或其他过去式的形容词通常不旨在排除此类变体。
值得一提的是，任何对“一个方面”、“一方面”、“一范例”、“一个范例”的提及均意指结合所述方面所述的具体特征部、结构或特征包括在至少一个方面中。因此，在整个说明书的各种位置出现的短语“在一个方面”、“在一方面”、“在一范例中”、“在一个范例中”不一定都指同一方面。此外，具体特征部、结构或特征可在一个或多个方面中以任何合适的方式组合。
本说明书提及和/或在任何申请数据表中列出的任何专利申请，专利，非专利公布或其他公开材料均以引用方式并入本文，只要所并入的材料在此不一致。因此，并且在必要的程度下，本文明确列出的公开内容代替以引用方式并入本文的任何冲突材料。据称以引用方式并入本文但与本文列出的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分，将仅在所并入的材料与现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入。
概括地说，已经描述了由采用本文所述的概念产生的许多有益效果。为了举例说明和描述的目的，已经提供了一个或多个形式的上述具体实施方式。这些具体实施方式并非意图为详尽的或限定到本发明所公开的精确形式。可以按照上述教导内容对本发明进行修改或变型。选择和描述的一个或多个形式是为了说明原理和实际应用，从而使本领域的普通技术人员能够利用适用于预期的特定用途的各种形式和各种修改。与此一同提交的权利要求书旨在限定完整范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种外科器械，包括：
外壳；
轴组件，所述轴组件从所述外壳朝远侧延伸；
缝合头部组件，所述缝合头部组件位于所述轴组件的远侧端部处，其中所述缝合头部组件包括远侧表面，其中所述缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉的环形阵列穿过所述远侧表面，并且其中所述缝合头部组件包括射频识别扫描仪；
砧座，所述砧座能够与所述缝合头部组件联接，其中所述砧座能够相对于所述缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移，并且其中所述砧座包括射频识别标签；以及
砧座调整组件，其中所述砧座调整组件包括平移构件，其中所述平移构件能够操作以沿纵向轴线相对于所述外壳平移，从而调整所述砧座的相对于所述缝合头部组件的所述远侧表面的纵向位置，并且其中所述射频识别标签能够由所述射频识别扫描仪在附接阈值距离处或在附接阈值距离以下被检测到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其中，所述射频识别标签适于存储关于所述砧座的信息。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其中，所述砧座包括：
头部；和
柄部，所述柄部从所述头部延伸，并且其中所述柄部支撑所述射频识别标签。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械，其中，所述柄部包括凹陷部，所述凹陷部的尺寸被设定成接纳所述射频识别标签。
5.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械，其中，所述射频识别标签与所述柄部绝缘。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其中，所述射频识别标签能够在所述闭合构型中由所述射频识别扫描仪检测。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其中，所述缝合头部组件包括内芯构件，并且其中所述内芯构件支撑所述射频识别扫描仪。
8.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，还包括控制电路，所述控制电路被配置成能够基于来自所述射频识别扫描仪的输入来检测所述砧座相对于所述缝合头部组件的适当座置取向。
9.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，还包括控制电路，所述控制电路被配置成能够基于来自所述射频识别扫描仪的指示关于所述砧座的信息的输入来检查所述砧座与所述缝合头部组件的钉仓的兼容性。
10.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，还包括控制电路，所述控制电路被配置成能够基于来自所述射频识别扫描仪的输入来检测所述闭合构型。
11.根据权利要求10所述的外科器械，还包括联接到所述控制电路的指示器，其中所述控制电路被配置成能够使所述指示器发出指示所述闭合构型的警示。
12.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，还包括闭锁组件，其中所述闭锁组件被配置成能够在第一状态与第二状态之间转变，其中：(i)在所述第一状态下，所述闭锁组件被配置成能够允许所述平移构件平移，并且(ii)在所述第二状态下，所述闭锁组件被配置成能够防止所述平移构件平移。
13.根据权利要求12所述的外科器械，还包括控制电路，所述控制电路被配置成能够基于来自所述射频识别扫描仪的输入来在所述第一状态与所述第二状态之间选择。
14.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，还包括控制电路，所述控制电路被配置成能够基于所述射频识别扫描仪与所述射频识别标签之间的信号的丢失来检测所述砧座从所述缝合头部组件的分离。
15.一种外科器械，包括：
轴组件；
缝合头部组件，所述缝合头部组件位于所述轴组件的远侧端部处，其中所述缝合头部组件包括：
钉仓，所述钉仓包括仓平台，其中所述缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉从所述钉仓穿过所述仓平台，其中所述钉仓包括第一射频识别标签，并且其中所述第一射频识别标签适于存储关于所述钉仓的信息；以及
射频识别扫描仪，所述射频识别扫描仪被配置成能够检测保持于所述缝合头部组件处的所述钉仓的所述第一射频识别标签；以及
砧座，所述砧座能够与所述缝合头部组件联接，其中所述砧座能够相对于所述缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移，其中所述砧座包括第二射频识别标签，其中所述第二射频识别标签适于存储关于所述砧座的信息，并且其中所述射频识别扫描仪被配置成能够在所述闭合构型中检测所述第二射频识别标签。
16.根据权利要求15所述的外科器械，还包括联接到所述射频识别扫描仪的控制电路，其中所述控制电路被配置成能够基于存储在所述第一射频识别标签中的信息和存储在所述第二射频识别标签中的信息来确定所述砧座与所述钉仓之间的兼容性。
17.根据权利要求15所述的外科器械，还包括联接到所述射频识别扫描仪的控制电路，其中所述控制电路被配置成能够基于存储在所述第一射频识别标签中的信息来确定所述钉仓的击发状态。
18.根据权利要求15所述的外科器械，还包括控制电路，所述控制电路被配置成能够基于从所述第一射频识别标签和所述第二射频识别标签传递到所述射频识别扫描仪的信号来检测所述砧座相对于所述缝合头部组件的适当座置取向。
19.一种外科器械，包括：
外壳；
轴组件，所述轴组件从所述外壳朝远侧延伸；
缝合头部组件，所述缝合头部组件位于所述轴组件的远侧端部处，其中所述缝合头部组件包括远侧表面，其中所述缝合头部组件能够操作以驱动钉的环形阵列穿过所述远侧表面；
砧座，所述砧座能够与所述缝合头部组件联接，其中所述砧座能够相对于所述缝合头部组件朝向闭合构型平移以将组织捕获在所述砧座和所述缝合头部组件之间；
射频识别系统，所述射频识别系统包括：
射频识别扫描仪；和
射频识别标签，所述射频识别标签适于存储关于所述砧座的信息，并且其中所述射频识别标签被配置成能够在所述闭合构型中将指示所述信息的RF信号传递到所述射频识别扫描仪；以及
控制电路，所述控制电路联接到所述射频识别扫描仪，其中所述控制电路被配置成能够基于来自所述组织的RF信号反向散射来确定所述组织的特性。
20.根据权利要求19所述的外科器械，其中，所述特性是组织厚度。
CN202080047358.3A 2019-06-28 2020-06-17 用于适当砧座附接外科缝合头部组件的机构 Pending CN114025683A (zh)

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EP3756588A3 (en) 2021-03-31
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