JPH07503869A - 多相生侵食性の移植材料または担体並びにその製造および使用方法 - Google Patents

多相生侵食性の移植材料または担体並びにその製造および使用方法

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Publication number
JPH07503869A
JPH07503869A JP5514318A JP51431893A JPH07503869A JP H07503869 A JPH07503869 A JP H07503869A JP 5514318 A JP5514318 A JP 5514318A JP 51431893 A JP51431893 A JP 51431893A JP H07503869 A JPH07503869 A JP H07503869A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
tissue
carrier
substance
mechanical properties
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP5514318A
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English (en)
Inventor
アサナショウ,キプリヤコス・エイ
ボーヤン,バーバラ・ディー
Original Assignee
ボード・オヴ・リージェンツ,ザ・ユニヴァーシティ・オヴ・テキサス・システム
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Publication of JPH07503869A publication Critical patent/JPH07503869A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

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    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 発明の名称 多相生分解性の移植材料または担体 並びにその製造および使用方法 発明の背景 1、発明の技術分野 本発明は、多相生分解性の移植材料または担体(キャリア)並びに、該担体の製 造方法、および皮下組織を受け、誘発し、さらに支持するための生理的な系にお ける該担体の使用方法に関する。
2、関連技術 損傷または欠損組織の治療および修復に用いられる装置は、当該技術分野で周知 である。組織に損傷が生じた場合は、それが再生している間、当該組織は適度に 安定な状態で支持されていなければならない。幾つかのタイプの構造組織、例え ば骨は、治癒過程で外傷領域が顕著に害されない限り、自然に再生することがで きる。外部支持体、例えばギブス包帯またはつり包帯を外傷領域の保護のために 用いることができる。内部支持体、例えば支持棒またはピンも重症例には用いる ことができる。
損傷組織領域の細胞密度が低いが、または脈管構造を欠いている場合(関節軟骨 の場合のように)は、治癒過程はしばしば数カ月もしくは数年に及び、また全( 治癒過程が開始しないこともある。内部支持ピンを用いる場合は、外科的な埋め 込みが必要であり、数カ月もしくは数年後にピンを外科的に除去することがしば しば要求される。支持ピンを外科的に埋め込みさらに除去することは、患者の器 官系に望ましくないショックまたは外傷を与える。のみならず、一旦、内部支持 体を除去すると、当該領域に穴または空洞が残り、これはその後増殖組織で自然 に充填される必要があり、それによって治癒過程が完了する。この穴または空洞 によって、しばらくの間、組織は引き続いて損傷または破損を受け易くなる。
発明の概要 上記に概略した問題は大部分、本発明の担体によって解決される。すなわち、本 発明の担体は、担体本体内へ組織が内方にむけて成長できるようになっている。
これらの内方成長のための部位により、組織が成長チャンネル(細孔)を通って 担体の外側表面に広がることが可能になる。これらの細孔により、再生組織また は表面修復組織が助成され、または受け入れられる。
本発明の担体は、2つの異なるタイプの組織(例えば軟骨と骨)が隣合う場所に ある生理的な系に埋め込むことができる。本発明の担体は、その他のタイプの支 持組織または脈管組織内、例えば、靭帯と鍵付着部位、成長板、骨膜と骨の接触 面、および硝子質軟骨と隣接組織等にもまた埋め込むことができる。
本発明の組織担体は、生侵食性(bioerodible)ポリマー物質を含み 、この物質は、水性液体に曝されると実質的にまたは完全に一定期間の間に分解 される。この担体が分解される間、増殖組織は侵入用部位に入り込み、それによ って、損傷または病的領域における迅速な組織の再生を促すための「足場」を提 供する。この担体は、容易に治癒しない組織領域の治癒を促進するのに特に適し ている。分解可能な担体は、組織が再生している間、このような組織領域に暫定 的な支持を与える。したがって、本発明の担体は、病的または損傷組織の再生を 促進、支持、受容する生侵食性足場状のネットワークを提供する。このようにし て、患者は、慣用的な体内棒もしくはピン、またはその他の非分解性物質に伴う 不都合な外傷やリスクを被らない。さらに、他の方法を用いた場合、通常の組織 では治癒しない傷を治癒させることができる。
広くとらえれば、本発明の一実施例は、互いに近接して配置された、異なる機械 的特性を有する少なくとも2つの生侵食性ポリマー物質を含む。この2つの生侵 食性ポリマー物質は、2つの異なるタイプの組織に隣接する生理的な系に配置す ることができる。各々のポリマー物質はまた、物質分解を早める酵素またはその 他の薬剤を含むことができる。この担体はまた、正常組織の分化および増殖を促 進する、1つまたはそれ以−1−の細胞増殖因子または他の薬剤を含むことがで きる。1つの物質中の酵素、細胞増殖因子または他の薬剤は、他方の物質中の添 加物と異なる比率で混合されて、所望の応用にしたがい、種々の程度の生侵食性 または組織再生をもたらす。各ポリマー物質は、種々の程度の多孔性または孔の 大きさをもち、この中に組織が侵入し、さらに一時的に接着し得る。
また別の実施例では、本発明の担体は、組織支持体系として皮下に埋め込むこと ができる。好ましくは、この担体は、2つの異なるタイプの組織間の接触領域に 埋め込むことができる。この担体の少なくとも一部分は、第一タイプの組織の増 殖を受け入れる侵入用部位を有する第一の物質を含む。さらに、この担体は、第 二タイプの組織の増殖を受け入れる侵入用部位をもつ第二の物質を含む。一旦担 体が埋め込まれると、第一の物質は、第一タイプの組織内に実質的に留まり、第 二の物質は第二タイプの組織内に実質的に留まる。
本発明の第一の特徴にしたがえば、第一の物質内の侵入用部位は、第一の物質内 に広がる細孔を含み、さらに、第二の物質内の侵入用部位は、第二の物質内に広 がる細孔を含む。
本発明はまた、第二の生侵食性ポリマー物質に結合された第一の生侵食性ポリマ ー物質をもつ生侵食性担体を含む担体を、生理的な系に埋め込む方法を意図する 。例えば、関節軟骨および骨の場合は、皮膚を貫通して軟骨の下方および骨の中 に穴をあけ、それによって、担体を埋め込むことができる通路が得られる。一旦 設置されると、この担体の第一の物質は実質的に骨の内部に留まり、第二の物質 は実質的に軟骨の内部に留まる。皮膚は担体の上方で縫合され、感染がこの組織 領域に侵入するのを防ぐ。
本発明はまた、生侵食性担体の製造方法を意図するが、これは、ポリマーを可溶 化して粘稠な形態にし、続いてこの粘稠ポリマーから相当量の溶媒を抽出して、 得られた修飾ポリマーの内部に細孔を形成することを含む。この修飾ポリマー内 部の細孔は、担体の外側表面から続く侵入用部位となる。また、この修飾ポリマ ーに複数のより大型の通路を機械的加工により配置し、侵入用部位の数を増す。
第二の修飾ポリマーは、型(モールド)の中で第一のポリマーおよび第二のポリ マーを一緒に接合し加圧硬化させることによって、第一のポリマーに付加するこ とができる。さらに、別の修飾ポリマーもまた付加することができる。
図面の簡単な説明 本発明の他の特徴および利点は、以下の詳細な説明および添付の図面を参考にし て明らかとなろう。
図1は、本発明の二相性担体の斜視図である。
図IAは、平面A−Aで切断した図1の断面図である。
図IBは、平面B−Bで切断した図1の断面図であ図2は、本発明の組織担体を 埋め込むために調製した生理的な系の一例の断面図である。
図3は、本発明の組織担体を埋め込まれた生理的な系の一例の断面図である。
図4は、本発明の二相性担体を製造するために用いられる工程の流れ図である。
本発明には種々の修正および変更形が可能であるが、その特定の実施例を図面の 範囲内で実施例として示しながら、ここで詳細に開示する。しかしながら、当該 図面はその開示した特定の形に本発明を制限するものではな(、反対に、本発明 の目的は、請求の範囲によって限定された発明の概念および範囲内に含まれる全 ての修正物、同等物および変更物を含むことは理解されよう。
発明の詳細な説明 さて図面に戻って、第一の生侵食性ポリマー物質14および第二の生侵食性ポリ マー物質12を含む担体10を、図1に示す。第一の物質14および第二の物質 12は、好ましくは、ポリグリコール酸(polyglycolic acid : P L G )とポリ乳酸(polylactic acid:PLA)の 共重合体(各々の濃度は50150)を基剤とした物質から製造される。PLA /PLG共重合体物質中にさらに含むことができるものは、この共重合体内に均 質に分散される酵素で、これは、該ポリマー物質の分解を強化することができる 。本発明で用いることができる分解性ポリマー物質は、ポリエステル、ポリアミ ド、ポリペプチドまたは多糖類といった周知の一般的な分類でしばしば見出され るものである。ある種の典型的な酵素分解性ポリマー物質は、例えば縫合用の生 分解性物質として長い間用いられてきた。これらの典型的な生分解性物質は、ア ルキルヒドロキシル酸類(例えば、乳酸、グリコール酸、ヒドロキシプロピオン 酸、ヒドロキシ酪酸のようなモノマー単位およびそれらの組み合わせのポリエス テル類を含む)を含む。乳酸およびグリコール酸はこの目的に最も普通に用いら れ、好ましくは本発明に使用される。乳酸(PLA)およびグリコール酸(PG A)のポリマーは、米国特許第3991776号(引用することにより本明細書 の一部とする)に開示されたように、当該技術分野で周知である。
本発明を実施するために用いることができる酵素は広範囲であるが、最もしばし ば用いられるものは、エステル加水解能を有するプロテアーゼ類またはヒドロラ ーゼ類である。そのような酵素は、プロテアーゼ類 ストラナーゼ、エラスターゼ、プラスミンストレプトキナーゼ、 トリプシン、 キモトリプシン、パパイン。
キモパパイン、コラゲナーゼ、スブチリシン、クロストリドペプチダーゼA、フ ィシン、カルポキシペプチダーゼA1 ペクチナーゼ、ペクチンエステラーゼ、 オキシドリダクターゼまたはオキシダーゼを含む。
天然に出現する酵素のポリマー物質またはポリマー材を分解する能力は、当該技 術分野で既知である(例えば、D、 F、 Williams、 rポリマーの インビボ分解における細胞性酵素の役割に関する幾つかの発見」(”SomeO bservations on the Role of Ce1lular  Enzymes 1nthe In−’/ivo Degradation o f Polymers”)、 r7の −” び′ J (”Corrosio n and De radation oflm 1ant Material s”)、 ASTM STB 684.^merican 5ociety f or Testing and Materials、1979. 61−75 ページ)参照)。
また本発明の物質12および14として適切な比率の5096 P L Aおよ び50%PLGを、担体が配置される組織領域の増殖速度を活発に増加させる、 細胞増殖因子(例えば、形質転換細胞増殖因子β(transforming  growth factor−β))またはその他の治療薬剤(例えばステロイ ドやホルモン)とともに埋め込むことができる。ポリマー物質内に治療薬剤を分 散させることは当該分野で知られており、ランジャーの著書(R,LaBer、 r制御遊離:薬剤デリバリ−の新規な方法」じControlled Re1e ase:^New Approach to Drug Delivery”) 、Technology Review、1981年4月、26−34ページ) に一般的に記載されている。概略すれば、治療薬剤はポリマー物質内に均質に分 散され、取り込まれており、この薬剤の遊離は液体がポリマー物質内を拡散する 速度に左右される。周辺組織に制御された速度で侵食によって遊離される治療薬 剤の例は、米国特許第4346709号(引用することにより本明細書の一部と する)に開示されている。
図1に関して、第一の物質14は第二の物質12に結合している。ここで、物質 14は、物質12と異なる機械的特性を有する本体を含む。物質14および12 は両方とも、第一の物質14と第二の物質12にそれぞれ形成された多数の細孔 16および18に加えて、酵素および治療薬剤を含むことができる。細孔の大き さは、物質12および14の処理方法にしたがって変動する。好ましくは、物質 12または物質14内の各々の多孔度は、それぞれの物質の物質体積領域の50 %より多い。さらに、細孔の大きさは50から200μmの間である。しかし、 細孔の密度は以下に述べるように、選択した特定の製造方法にしたがい細孔の大 きさ同様、これらの範囲を越えて変動し得ることは理解されよう。好ましくは、 物質12は、担体が設置される組織周辺の多孔性と一般的に適合する多孔性を有 するように製造される。同様に、物質14はその周辺組織と実質的に同じ多孔性 となるよう製造することができる。したがって、所望する特定の用い方にしたが って、担体lOの製造方法は、種々の大きさおよび密度の細孔を含むように迅速 かつ容易に変更することができる。
担体10はまた、部分的にまたは完全に担体10を貫通する複数の通路20を有 する。通路20は、周辺組織に入り込みおよび/または一時的に付着し得る部位 または場所を提供できるように適切に配置されている。通路20は、一般に細孔 16または18より直径が大きく、以下に述べるように機械的方法により設ける ことができる。
細孔16および通路20によって形成される、多数の侵入用部位または侵入場所 を有する物質12の断面図が、図IAに示される。図IAおよび図IBの比較で 示されるように、物質14は物質12より多孔性は低いが、これは、物質12の 周辺組織よりも物質14を取りまくより多孔性の低い組織に実質的に適合させる ためである。さらに、物質12および14を配置する組織周辺の機械的特性に実 質的に適合するように、多孔性の他に、例えば硬度や圧縮性のような機械的特性 を有する物質12および14を製造することができる。
多分に異なる機械的特性を有する組織担体10は、異なる機械的特性を有する組 織領域が隣合う接合部領域への設立に特に適している。担体10の中の物質はそ れぞれ、組織の接合部領域の特性と移植後に実質的に適合するように処理して、 例えば多孔性、硬度などの機械的特性を持たせることができる。図2に図示した ように、担体10を設置し得る生理的環境は、ヒトまたは動物の軟骨およびその 下の骨であるが、これに限られるものではない。担体10は、皮膚24を貫通す る穴22に挿入でき、その下の軟骨26および骨に挿入できることが示されてい る。また別に、担体10は、完全に骨28の中に配置され、皮質骨と網状骨との 間の接合部領域に構造的支持を提供することができる。したがって、穴22と移 植可能担体10は、異なるタイプの組織間の接合部を有するいずれの生理的な系 にも設置することができる。本明細書で用いる「組織」とは、動物またはヒトの 組織内の皮下のいずれの場所に見出すことができる細胞性物質をすべて含む。
2つの異なるタイプの組織(すなわち、骨、軟骨、昶、皮膚、靭帯、セメント質 など)を連結するいずれの領域にも、結合させた担体10の異なる物質12と1 4を埋め込むことができる。各々の物質を結合させ、この組み合わせを組織接合 部に移植する(埋め込む)ことによって、担体10は、組織接合部が修復過程中 に離れないように保持することができ、このことは迅速な治癒の促進に役立ち得 る。
図3は、異なる組織領域内、例えば軟骨26と骨28に完全に埋め込まれた担体 10を示す。穴22に担体10を挿入後、外側の皮膚24は、穴の通路の上で縫 合され、感染がその下の領域に侵入するのを防止する。本発明から理解し得るよ うに、担体10は、標的領域の大きさおよび構造にしたがい、種々の機械的特性 を有するいずれの所望形にも製作できる。この実施例では、担体10の形は円筒 形で、問題の領域につくった穴22の内径に適合する外径を有する。しかし、他 の形も製作でき、穴に挿入することができる。用いる形に拘わらず、担体は、生 体侵食前または侵食中に内腔または骨の大きさに適合するように延長させること ができる。さらにまた、物質12および14の釣合いのとれた大きさは、接触面 領域に対する担体10の相対的な位置関係にしたがって変動させることができる 。例えば、軟骨26は図3に示したものよりも厚いかもしれず、例えば、軟骨の 厚さは、骨28内の穴22の深さに等しいかまたはそれより大きいかもしれない 。結果として、物質14を物質12より大きくまたは厚く作製して、軟骨26と 骨28との間の境界の相対的な移動に対応させることができる。
骨28は、上の軟骨26より一般に多孔性が低く、より堅い物質である。したが って、図3に示すように、細孔18は細孔16よりも相対的に小さく作製するこ とができる。細孔18と16に与えられた侵入用部位または侵入場所は、一般に それぞれ周辺の骨28と組織26に適合するように異なっている。骨28と軟骨 26の組織が再生し、担体10並びに細孔18および16でそれぞれ部分的に置 換された損傷領域内に増殖する間、担体10は幾分硬い支持構造を維持する。担 体10の構造が徐々に侵食または分解されるにつれ、組織の再生が起こり、その 場所は、侵食の間に失われる構造的支持体と置き換えられる。したがって、本発 明は、損傷または不完全領域の再生組織の改良された固定手段を提供し、さらに また、通常の棒やピンのように後で取り除く必要のない一時的な支持構造を提供 する。生侵食性担体10は、脈管構造または細胞集団の欠落のために緩慢な治癒 が生じる接合部領域で特に有用である。
図4に示すように、担体1oを作製する方法は、簡単で、高価な装置を必要とし ない。特に、ポリマーを基材とする原料30のPLA/PLG混合物は、原料と して好ましくは固形のものが用いられる。ポリマーを基剤とする固形の出発材料 は、例えばバーミンガムポリマー社(Birmingham Polymers  Inc、、 BirminghaIll。
アラバマ)から購入できる。原料を混合容器に入れ、アセトンのような液体で可 溶化または溶解32して、PLA/PLGポリマーの液状物を生成する。続いて この液状物をエタノールのような適切な溶媒で沈澱させ34、液相の一部を除去 して、適度に粘稠な混合物質を得る。この物質を傍らに取っておき、第一の物質 と称する。続いて、可溶化および沈澱工程32.34を、第二の物質のために繰 り返す。例えば、第一の物質は、図1〜3に示した、物質14を製造するために 用いることができ、第二の物質は、物質12を製造するだめに用いることができ る。
最終生成物の多孔性、堅さまたは圧縮性の程度に応じて、多かれ少なかれアセト ンおよび/またはエタノールを用いることができる。例えば、アセトンを多(使 用する場合は、最終生成物はより高い多孔性、より小さい圧縮硬度およびその結 果より低い粘稠度を有する。物質12を軟骨26の近(に配置する場合、物質1 2を作るために用いられる生成物の適切な粘度は、約0.43dl/gm(平均 分子量12〜15kD)であろう。反対に、物質14を骨近傍に配置する場合、 物質14を作るために用いられる生成物の目標粘度は、約0.53 d l / gm (平均分子量は60〜7okD)であろう。埋め込まれる担体10の周辺 の組織の機械的特性にしたがい、多かれ少ながれ溶解剤および/または沈澱剤を 原料に加えることができ、それによって、得られた生成物は、周辺の組織と実質 的に同じ機械的特性を存する。
約20ミリトールの適切な真空中に30分放置して、所望の状態までこの物質を 乾燥させることによって、得られた生成物は、その機械的特性および所望の多孔 性をもつに至る。種々の真空圧をより長時間または短時間用いることによって、 この物質の多孔性を増加または減少させることができる。温度調節付き加圧室は 、その生成物を配置し得る標的組織領域に機械的に適合するものとするために殆 どの溶解剤および沈殿剤を効果的に除去するのに適している。
一旦生成物を加圧し、原体材料内に細孔を付与した後、この材料を型(モールド )に入れる。好ましくは、型は、修飾した材料を受け入れるための1つまたはそ れ以上の窪みをもつテフロン材(「テフロン」は登録商標)で作製される。型の 各窪みは、担体10に要求される特定の幾何学的構造にしたがって成形される。
第一の物質14または第二の物質12のいずれかが初めに型に入れられ、さらに プラグもまた型に挿入される。このプラグを当該材料に向けて作用させることが でき、それによって、当該プラグと型の周壁との間の物質を加圧(36)するこ とができる。
このプラグは複数の長く伸びた鋭利な歯を含むことができ、これは少なくとも部 分的に当該物質中に入り込み、例えば円筒形の担体構造の長軸に沿って伸びる通 路20を形成する。プラグによる圧縮の時間は、所望の機械的特性にしたがって 変動させることができる。
例えば、より強い圧縮によって低多孔性、低圧縮性の物質を生じ、これは、より 重く、より密度の高い組織(例えば皮質骨)に適しており、一方、弱い圧縮によ って、高多孔性、高圧縮性物質を生じ、これは軟骨や靭帯のようなより軽い組織 の置換に適している。骨が第一の物質14が配置される標的領域である場合、プ ラグを介した加圧硬化は室温で約48時間継続させることができる。しかしなが ら、硬化の程度は、所望の機械的特性にしたがい大幅に変更することができる。
また別のバッチの物質、例えば第二の物質12を、例えば第一の物質14に接し てその上に加える(38)ことができる。続いて第一および第二の物質、14と 12に、その中に縦方向に伸びる歯をもつプラグを介して加圧硬化を施す。加圧 硬化は大幅に変動させることができるが、好ましい時間は約48時間で、先の物 質の硬化時間と同じである。第一および第二の物質14と12の組み合わせが型 内で完全に硬化した後、得られた担体10を型から取り出し、または抜き取り、 前記の歯によって作られた通路に対して実質的に垂直な打抜き穴を担体に配置す る。担体10に打抜き穴または横方向通路20を配置する好ましい方法は、直径 が約1.5 mmの通路を作る特別な平面上で担体10を回転させることを含む 。
得られた担体10は、適度に硬(、しかも多孔質の多相構造を有する、型または 接着によって作られた第一および第二の物質14と12を含み、その後これは、 最終的には20ミリトール、40℃で48時間凍結乾燥され、溶媒の残りが除か れる。第一の物質14は巨大孔と微小孔を有するが、より大きな分子量、より長 時間の硬化、さらにより高い圧縮性を有するために、おそらく物質12よりより 剛性が高いであろう。第一の物質14は、好ましくは密度の高い組織(例えば肋 軟骨下の骨)と結びつき、増殖骨組織の固定を提供するが、一方、第二の物質1 2は、密度の低い組織(例えば軟骨)と結びつ(。
図2および3に示したように、担体10は、骨軟骨欠損領域にプレス挿入(圧入 )できる。生侵食性物質14と12の膨張特性は、欠損領域内の担体10の保持 を改善すると期待される。周辺組織の機械的特性に類似する物質14および12 の特性は、接合部が連結される間、圧迫が集中するのを防ぐ。機械的特性(例え ば多孔性)を適合させることによって、組織から担体10への栄養物の交換が、 あたかも正常な増殖パターンのように提供される。担体10の共焦点レーザー走 査電顕写真によって、種々の大きさの細孔16と18をもつ担体10を明らかに することができるが、これは、一般に微小孔を有する多孔質で、当該物質の断面 領域のすみからずみまで互いに連絡しあいつる。
本発明の前述の記載は、特定の実施例についてであるが、この担体並びにその製 造および使用方法に関する修飾と変更は、本発明の範囲を逸脱すること無(為さ れ得ることは、当業者にとって明白であろう。例えば、硬化時間および圧力は、 溶解剤と沈殿剤の相対的濃度と同様に変更し得る。さらに、担体10は、それが 設置される特定の環境にしたがい、種々の大きさや形にすることができる。さら にまた、種々の量の酵素または他の薬剤をポリマー物質に取り込ませ、要求され る治癒時間の程度に応じて、侵食性を変えることができる。最後に、種々の量の 細胞増殖因子、ホルモンまたはその他の薬剤をポリマー物質に取り込ませ、この 移植物の組織の増殖および修復の誘発、促進さらに支援能力を変えることができ る。したがって、以下の請求の範囲の目的は、本発明の真髄および範囲内に含ま れるすべての同等な修正および変更を包含することである。
FIG、 I FJG、 74 FIG、 18 FIG、 2 FIG、 3 補正書の翻訳文提出書 (特許法第184条の8) 平成6年8月12日

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1.互いに隣接して配置される、異なる機械的特性を有する少なくとも2種の生 侵食性ポリマー物質を含み、該生侵食性ポリマー物質が少なくとも2つの異なる タイプの組織が隣接している生理的な系に設置できる担体。 2.前記物質のそれぞれが、前記物質の分解を増強させるために酵素またはその 他の薬剤を含む、請求の範囲第1項に記載の担体。 3.前記物質のそれぞれが、組織の内方成長および修復を、誘発、促進または支 援するために、細胞増殖因子、ホルモンまたはその他の薬剤を含む、請求の範囲 第1項に記載の担体。 4.種々の期間内に前記物質のそれぞれを分解するために、種々の割合で前記酵 素が混合されている、請求の範囲第2項に記載の担体。 5.前記少なくとも2種の物質が互いに隣接して型成形される、請求の範囲第1 項に記載の担体。 6.前記機械的特性が堅さ、圧縮性および多孔性を含む、請求の範囲第1項に記 載の担体。 7.前記物質のそれぞれの機械的特性と実質的に同じ機械的特性を有する組織を 受け入れるために、前記物質のそれぞれが、前記物質の外側表面に沿って配置さ れた複数の侵入用部位を含む、請求の範囲第1項に記載の担体。 8.第一の生侵食性ポリマー物質および該第一の物質に隣接して型成形された第 二の生侵食性ポリマー物質を含み、さらに、該第一の物質および該第二の物質が 、第一タイプの組織と第二タイプの組織との間の接触領域の生理的な系に埋め込 むことができ、この場合、該第一の物質は該第一タイプの組織の増殖を受け入れ るための侵入用部位を含み、さらに、該第二の物質は該第二タイプの組織の増殖 を受け入れるための侵入用部位を含む、埋め込み可能な組織支持系。 9.前記第一の物質が実質的に前記第一の組織内にある、請求の範囲第8項に記 載の系。 10.前記第二の物質が実質的に前記第二の組織内にある、請求の範囲第8項に 記載の系。 11.前記第一の物質が、前記第二の物質の機械的特性と異なる機械的特性を有 する、請求の範囲第8項に記載の系。 12.前記第一の物質内の前記侵入用部位が、前記第一の物質の中に伸びる細孔 を含む、請求の範囲第8項に記載の系。 13.前記第二の物質内の前記侵入用部位が、前記第二の物質の中に伸びる細孔 を含む、請求の範囲第8項に記載の系。 14.第二の生侵食性ポリマー物質に結合された第一の生侵食性ポリマー物質を 含む生侵食性組織担体を得るステップと、 皮膚を貫通し、その下の軟骨を抜け、さらに骨内に入る穴をあけるステップと、 該第一の物質が該骨内に実質的にあり、該第二の物質が該軟骨内に実質的にある ように、該穴に該担体を埋め込むステップと、 該担体の上で該皮膚を覆うステップと、を含む、生理的な系の中に組織担体を移 植する方法。 15.前記埋め込みステップが、 前記構造体の外側直径を、前記の穴の内側直径に適合するように成形するステッ プと、 該成形された構造体を前記の穴に配置するステップと、ここで該構造体の一端が 前記軟骨の外側表面と実質的に同じ高さにある、 を含む、請求の範囲第14項に記載の方法。 16.第一のポリマーを第一の粘度を有する第一の液状物に可溶化するステップ と、 該第一の液状物から相当量の液体を抽出し、該抽出された液体によって形成され た細孔を有する第一の修飾ポリマーを製造ステップと、 該修飾ポリマー内に複数の通路を配置するというステップと、 を含む、生侵食性組織担体の製造方法。 17.第二のポリマーを、前記第一の粘度より低い第二の粘度を有する液状物に 可溶化するステップと、該第二の液状物から相当量の液体を抽出し、該抽出され た液体によって形成された細孔を有する第二の修飾ポリマーを製造するステップ と、 該第二の修飾ポリマーを前記第一の修飾ポリマーに加るステップと、 該第一および第二の修飾ポリマー内に複数の通路を配置するというステップと、 をさらに含む、請求の範囲第16項に記載の方法18.前記可溶化工程が、固形 ポリマーを液状物に溶解することを含む、請求の範囲第16項に記載の方法。 19.前記抽出工程が、 前記第一の液状物を沈殿剤で沈渡させるステップと、前記第一の液状物を型内で 加圧硬化するステップと、を含む、請求の範囲第16項に記載の方法。 20.前記添加工程が、前記第二の修飾ポリマーを前記第一の修飾ポリマーを含 む型に入れ、続いて該第一および第二の修飾ポリマーを接合させることを含む、 請求の範囲第17項に記載の方法。 21.異なる機械的特性を有し、互いに連結されている第一の物質および第二の 物質を含み、該物質が少なくとも2つの異なるタイプの組織が隣接してなる生理 的な系に配置することができることを特徴とする担体。 22.第一および第二の物質が各々、第一および第二タイプの組織の機械的特性 にそれぞれ実質的に匹敵する機械的特性を有する、請求の範囲第21項に記載の 担体。 23.第一の物質および第一の物質に結合された第二の物質を含み、該第一の物 質および該第二の物質が、第一タイプの組織および第二タイプの組織をもつ生理 的な系に移植できる組織支持系。 24.第二の物質に結合された第一の物質を含む担体を得るステップと、 第一の物質が少なくとも部分的に第二の組織内にあり、該第二の物質が少なくと も部分的に第一の物質内にあるように担体を埋め込むステップと、を含む、生理 的な系の中に組織担体を移植する方法。 25.第一化合物を第一の粘度を有する第一の形態にするステップと、 該第一化合物から相当量の化合物を抽出し、第一の修飾化合物を製造するステッ プと、 を含む担体の製造方法。
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JPH11513590A (ja) * 1995-10-16 1999-11-24 オーケスト インコーポレイテッド 骨移植マトリックス
JP2001231797A (ja) * 2000-02-23 2001-08-28 National Institute For Materials Science モジュール化人工骨
JP2008041087A (ja) * 1999-08-23 2008-02-21 Ville James A St 製造システムおよび製造物
JP2010535535A (ja) * 2007-08-08 2010-11-25 スミス アンド ネフュー インコーポレーテッド 組織採取

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DE69307299T2 (de) 1997-04-30
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EP0625891B1 (en) 1997-01-08
AU667877B2 (en) 1996-04-18
CA2117379A1 (en) 1993-08-19
CA2117379C (en) 1999-11-16
HK71597A (en) 1997-06-06
US5607474A (en) 1997-03-04
WO1993015694A1 (en) 1993-08-19
JP2004000540A (ja) 2004-01-08
DE69307299D1 (de) 1997-02-20

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