CN101346204B - 移动式钻床 - Google Patents

移动式钻床 Download PDF

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CN101346204B
CN101346204B CN200680049395.8A CN200680049395A CN101346204B CN 101346204 B CN101346204 B CN 101346204B CN 200680049395 A CN200680049395 A CN 200680049395A CN 101346204 B CN101346204 B CN 101346204B
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motor
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control part
master control
control assembly
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CN101346204A (zh
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大塚贤二
浅野理
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Nitto Kohki Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B45/00—Hand-held or like portable drilling machines, e.g. drill guns; Equipment therefor
    • B23B45/02—Hand-held or like portable drilling machines, e.g. drill guns; Equipment therefor driven by electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25H—WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
    • B25H1/00—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby
    • B25H1/0021—Stands, supports or guiding devices for positioning portable tools or for securing them to the work
    • B25H1/0057—Devices for securing hand tools to the work
    • B25H1/0064—Stands attached to the workpiece
    • B25H1/0071—Stands attached to the workpiece by magnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
    • G05B19/4062—Monitoring servoloop, e.g. overload of servomotor, loss of feedback or reference
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/062—Electric motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/122—Safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2270/00—Details of turning, boring or drilling machines, processes or tools not otherwise provided for
    • B23B2270/32—Use of electronics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37285—Load, current taken by motor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37342—Overload of motor, tool
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/42—Servomotor, servo controller kind till VSS
    • G05B2219/42286—Speed, ramp controlled slow down of motor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/42—Servomotor, servo controller kind till VSS
    • G05B2219/42289—Avoid overload servo motor, actuator limit servo torque
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45—Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45127—Portable, hand drill
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S388/00—Electricity: motor control systems
    • Y10S388/935—Specific application:
    • Y10S388/937—Hand tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/13—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with randomly-actuated stopping means
    • Y10T408/14—Responsive to condition of Tool or tool-drive

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种移动式钻床。在发生过负荷后，防止再次发生过负荷状态，提高操作性以及安全性。在交流电源(10)上经由电动机控制部(28)、电流检测部(30)以及电源开关(36)连接让钻头旋转的电动机(12)，经由电源开关(36)以及全波整流器(18)连接磁铁(16)。电动机控制部(28)根据基于将电动机起动开关(38)设置成接通的状态的来自主控制部的信号对上述电动机进行旋转驱动。主控制部(14)对电动机控制部(28)进行控制，使得在电动机(12)变成过负荷状态时，控制成逐渐降低提供给电动机(12)的电压，在解除了过负荷状态时逐渐提高电压以进行通常的供电，此外，在过负荷状态持续了规定时间时停止对电动机(12)的供电。

Description

移动式钻床
技术领域
本发明涉及在用电磁铁等将主体固定在被加工件上的同时，以手动进行安装在电动机的输出轴上的钻头等的刀具对被加工件的前进后退的构成的移动式钻床(portable drilling machine)。
背景技术
作为在被加工件上开孔的工作机械有移动式钻床，其构成是在具有移动性的同时，能够在被加工件等上利用电磁铁等的吸附力，或台虎钳固定主体。通常，钻床因为是将钻头与驱动用电动机(以下，简称为电动机)直接连结的构造，所以由于钻头与被加工件接触的状态、按压力、被加工件的材质等的原因负荷显著变动，该变动立即传递到电动机。因此，当在电动机中使用小输出的电动机的情况下，如果过负荷状态长时间持续，因为发生的过大电流，所以有可能烧毁电动机。
因而，作为电动机的过负荷对策，例如有这样构成的打孔机，设定不同的值的第1、第2基准电平进行电动机的负荷电流的检测，在负荷电流超过了第1基准电平时发出警报，在超过了第2基准电平时和警报一同停止对电动机的通电，例如公开在专利文献1中。
此外，有这样的电钻装置，在负荷电流超过了基准值时切断流过电动机的电流，根据负荷电流变成基准值以下，并且已经过了规定时间，自动地再开始对电动机的供电，例如公开在专利文献2中。
专利文献1：特公昭62-6925号公报
专利文献2：特开2005-52914号公报
但是，在专利文献1的构成中是，如果负荷电流超过第2基准电平，则将电动机的电源电路的继电器断开以停止通电，保持该状态。因而，一旦切断电源开关，如果不是返回初始状态之后，就不能再次对电动机通电。即，需要用于再起动的劳力，在作业性方面有改善的余地。
此外，在专利文献2的构成中，如果在检测过负荷进行电流切断后经过规定时间，则即使过负荷状态依然没有变化，也向电动机提供和切断前相同的水平的电功率。即，因为发生和切断前相同水平的旋转力，所以在安全性方面是不理想的。
进而，当检测过负荷切断对电动机的通电，进行急速停止电动机那样的控制的情况下，在刀具的刀尖上没有来自电动机的旋转驱动力，但施加惯性力和将刀尖押入被切削物的力(钻头的轴线方向力)。作为它们的合力从刀尖向被加工件施加的力，与进行电动机的通电时相比，相对刀尖的旋转方向分量的轴线方向分量增大，从被切削物施加的向刀尖的反力增大，所以有可能导致刀尖的破损，有不能继续打孔的危险。
发明内容
本发明就是鉴于上述那样的情况而完成的，其目的在于：在过负荷发生后，如果过负荷状态解除，则让电动机自动恢复，当过负荷持续了一定时间的情况下不让电动机恢复，防止再次发生过负荷状态，进一步提高操作性、安全性以及作业性。
即，本发明的移动式钻床具备：
作为让钻头等的刀具旋转的驱动源的电动机；
将包含上述电动机的主体固定在被加工件上的固定部件；
根据电动机起动开关处于导通的状态时对上述电动机进行旋转驱动的电动机控制部；
控制上述电动机控制部的主控制部，该移动式钻床的特征在于：
上述主控制部具有：在上述电动机处于过负荷状态时控制上述电动机控制部使得降低提供给上述电动机的电功率的第1控制部件；
在解除了上述过负荷状态时控制上述电动机控制部使得进行通常的供电的第2控制部件。具体地说，在电动机的负荷状态处于过负荷状态时执行上述第1控制部件，降低对电动机的供给电压，在过负荷状态解除时执行第2控制部件自动恢复到通常的供电状态，防止过负荷状态再次发生。
具体地说可以是，上述第1控制部件在上述电动机变成过负荷状态时，逐渐降低提供给上述电动机的电压。
更具体地说可以是，上述第2控制部件在解除了上述过负荷状态时，逐渐提高提供给上述电动机的电压而成为通常的供电状态。
此外，可以具有第3控制部件，在上述过负荷状态持续了规定时间时控制是上述电动机控制部使得停止对上述电动机的供电。
具体地说可以是，上述主控制部在上述第3控制部件执行中，根据上述电动机起动开关被设置成接通的情况来控制上述电动机控制部使得开始对上述电动机的通电。
更具体地说，可以是，
上述主控制部在上述第1、第2、第3控制部件各自的执行时，根据其控制状态，用不同的颜色和/或不同的点亮方法进行发光元件的上述显示控制。
此外可以构成为，上述主控制部具有随着上述第1控制部件的执行，在上述电动机的负荷电流处于规定的基准值以上，并且电动机供给电压变成规定值时，将根据该电动机供给电压的电动机驱动保持规定时间的第4控制部件。
具体地说可以是，上述主控制部将上述电动机供给电压的规定值设定在即使上述电动机处于堵转状态也不至于烧毁等的值。
更具体地说可以是，上述主控制部在上述第4控制部件执行时，在上述电动机的负荷电流小于上述基准值时，通过用上述第2控制部件逐渐提高提供给上述电动机的电压而成为通常的供电。
进而此外可以是，上述固定部件是用电磁力将包含上述电动机的主体固定在被加工件上的磁铁，该主控制部基于对该磁铁进行通电的情况，利用该电动机控制部对该电动机进行旋转驱动。
附图说明
图1是表示作为本发明的一种实施方式的磁性钻床外观的外观图。
图2是表示本发明的磁性钻床的构成的方框图。
图3是表示本发明的磁性钻床的动作的流程图。
图4是表示接着图3的处理的处理的流程图。
图5是表示作为本发明的另一种实施方式的磁性钻床的动作的流程图。
图6是表示接着图5的处理的处理的流程图。
(符号说明)
1：磁性钻床
2：主体
3：卡盘
4：手柄
6：支撑部
10：交流电源
12：电动机
14：主控制部
14a：ROM
16：磁铁
20：MG断线检测部
22：降压变压器
24：零交检测部
28：电动机控制部
30：电流检测部
32：信号放大部
34：显示部
36：电源开关
38：电动机起动开关
40：电动机停止开关
具体实施方式
以下，使用图1～图4说明作为本发明的移动式钻床的实施方式的一种的磁性钻床。图1是表示本发明的磁性钻床外观的外观图，图2是表示其控制的构成的方框图。磁性钻床1由主体2和支撑保持在卡盘3上的刀具、使得可以通过手柄4的转动操作相对被加工件前进后退的支撑部6组成。此外，磁性钻床1例如具备：将100V的交流电源10作为电源的电动机12；对电动机控制及其状态的显示进行控制的主控制部14；在通电时发生规定的磁力的磁铁(MG)16；将对交流电源10进行全波整流得到的直流输出提供给磁铁16的全波整流器18；检测磁铁16的断线的MG断线检测部20；将交流电源10变压成规定的低电压的降压变压器22；从降压变压器22的低电压输出中检测零交(zero cross)的零交检测部24；向主控制部14等提供直流电源的直流电源部26；控制电动机12的旋转的电动机控制部28；检测流过电动机12的电流的电流检测部30；放大由电流检测部30检测到的检测信号的信号放大部32；与主控制部14连接并在LED上进行警告显示的显示部34；对磁性钻床1的整体的电源进行通/断的电源开关36；将对电动机12的通电设置成通的电动机起动开关38；将对电动机12的通电设置成断的电动机停止开关40。
主控制部14例如是由内置了CPU以及A/D变换器的1芯片微型计算机组成的PIC(Peripheral Interface Controller：外围接口控制器)，在内置的ROM14a中存储执行图3所示那样的处理的程序。作为能够利用的PIC，例如有MICROTIP TECHNOLOGY公司的PIC系列等。
磁铁16的构成是具有通过从全波整流器18施加直流电源，能够发生可将磁性钻床1的主体固定在被加工件等上的磁性吸引力的磁心和线圈，组装到磁性钻床1的台座部等中。
MG断线检测部20具有如能够进行磁铁16的断线警报那样检测对磁铁16的通电的有无，与磁铁16的电源供给用开关的动作联动地检测断线的电路。
降压变压器22是具有与交流电源10连接的1次线圈，和向零交检测部24以及直流电源部26提供低电压的交流电压的二次线圈的小电功率的变压器。
零交检测部24的电路构成是，使用光耦合器等来检测交流电源10的正弦波形变成0电平的定时并通知给主控制部14。
直流电源部26的构成具备：对降压变压器22的二次线圈的输出进行全波整流的全波整流器，以及对用全波整流器进行了全波整流的直流输出进行平滑化以及稳定化的平滑电路以及电压稳定化电路，将生成的直流输出提供给主控制部14及其他的电路。
电动机控制部28例如具备作为半导体控制元件之一的双向可控硅、控制其门极(gate)的控制电路而构成。
电流检测部30例如使用与电动机12串联连接的CT(变流器)构成，其检测信号用使用运算放大器构成的信号放大部32大，送到主控制部14。而且，送到主控制部14的检测信号用内置在主控制部14中的A/D变换器变换为数字值。
显示部34具备发光元件，例如具备用1个可以发出绿色、黄色以及红色光的LED，该LED通过主控制部14的控制，除了上述显示颜色之一的发光之外，可以是连续点亮、长周期的闪烁点亮、短周期的闪烁点亮等的点亮模式。在本实施方式中，在显示部34中准备以下的点亮模式。
模式1：绿色点亮(运行中)
模式2：红色点亮(警报)
模式3：黄色点亮(警告)
模式4：红色高速闪烁(警报)
模式5：绿色闪烁(警报)
模式NG：红色闪烁(警报)
图3是表示磁性钻床1的动作的流程图，图4是表示接着图3的处理的流程图。在图3中，步骤S101～S107表示对磁铁16的通电以及通电确认的处理，步骤S201～S213表示电动机12的通常动作的处理。此外，在图4中，步骤S301～S309表示电动机12的过负荷动作时的处理。而且，步骤S303、S304表示过负荷时间的测量处理。进而，在以下的处理中使用的基准值Vref是4种，处于Vref1＞Vref2＞Vref3＞Vref4的关系。
首先，主控制部14判定由电源开关36进行的电源接通的有无(S101)，在不能判定电源接通的情况下待机，当是电源接通的情况下(S101：是)，对磁铁16通电(S102)。以下，主控制部14根据MG断线检测部20的输出判定是否在向磁铁16通电(S103)，当MG断线检测部20的输出不是NG的情况下，即如果通电得到确认(S103：否)则让显示部34的LED点亮绿色(S104)，此外，当通电未能得到确认时(S103：是)让显示部34的LED进行红色闪烁(S105)。用户能够通过该点亮知道异常，可以进行电源断开、检查等的处置。以下，主控制部14判定是否用电源开关36设置成电源断开(S106)，如果电源断开得到确认(S106：是)则结束处理(END)。此外，如果不是电源断开(S106：否)则判断电动机起动开关38是否接通(S107)，如果是开关接通(S107：是)，则让电动机控制部28进行动作以起动电动机12(S201)。当电动机起动开关38的接通未确认的情况下(S107：否)。主控制部14将处理返回步骤S103执行以后的处理。
主控制部14让电动机控制部28动作，用采用规定的通电角的相位控制进行电动机12的旋转驱动。这种情况下，主控制部14将根据零交检测部24的零交的脉冲信号设置成外部中断信号，执行以每半个循环起动由电动机控制部28进行的电动机控制的处理。其后，根据MG断线检测部20的输出，再次判定是否在磁铁16上进行通电(S202)，如果通电得到确认(S202：否)，则让显示部34的LED上点亮绿色(S203)，此外，当通电不能得到确认时(S202：是)，让显示部34的LED上进行红色闪烁(S212)。接着，主控制部14如果确认磁铁16处于通电中，则执行由电流检测部30以及信号放大部32进行的负荷电流的检测值(负荷电流值IL)的读入(S204)。
接着，主控制部14判定电动机停止开关40是否被操作(S205)，如果进行了电动机停止开关40的操作，则切断对电动机12的通电(S213)，将处理返回步骤S103。此外，如果未操作电动机停止开关40，则主控制部14判定取得的负荷电流值IL是否超过基准值Vref1(S207)。在此，基准值Vref1是判定是否处于应该立即停止电动机12的电平，即，过负荷的基准的电流值。
在步骤S207中，在判定了(IL≤Vref1)时，即，当不是过负荷的情况下(S207：否)，主控制部14接着对负荷电流值IL和基准值Vref2进行比较(S208)。在此，基准值Vref2是虽然不需要停止电动机12但是相当于高负荷的电流值。在步骤S208中在判定了(IL＞Vref2)时(S208：是)，主控制部14让显示部34的LED点亮为红色，向用户警报有可能变成过负荷(S210)。其后，将处理转移到步骤S204，执行以后的处理。
另一方面，当在步骤S208中判定了(IL≤Vref2)时(S208：否)，主控制部14对负荷电流值IL和基准值Vref3进行比较(S209)。在此，基准值Vref3是成为用于判定是否是通常的负荷运行的基准的电流值。主控制部14在判定了(IL＞Vref3)时(S209：是)，让显示部34的LED点亮为黄色向用户警告负荷大(S211)，其后，将处理转移到步骤S204。此外，主控制部14在判定了(IL≤Vref3)时(S209：否)，因为是通常的负荷状态所以显示部34不动作，将处理转移到步骤S203执行以后的处理。
在步骤S207中当判定了(IL＞Vref1)时(S207：是)，主控制部14为了避免过负荷状态，执行强制降低提供给电动机12的电压的控制(图4的S301)。接着，主控制部14在显示部34的LED上高速地让红色闪烁(S302)，向用户警告已改变了电动机驱动力。进而，主控制部14从零交检测部24中取入零交信号，开始零交计数(S303)，接着，进行步骤S303的零交计数数和设定值n(如果数了n个零交计数数，则在变成过负荷后例如经过了数秒)的比较(S304)。
主控制部14在步骤S304中在(零交计数数≥n)不成立时(S304：否)，进行负荷电流值IL和基准值Vref4的比较(S305)。在此，基准值Vref4是成为用于判定用电流检测部30以及信号放大部32检测到过负荷，一旦强制降低供给电压后，负荷是否减轻的基准的电流值。主控制部14如果在步骤S305中判定(IL＜Vref4)(S305：是)，则对电动机控制部28进行逐渐提高电动机供给电压的控制(电动机供给电压软上升)(S306)，其后，将处理转移到图3的步骤S201。通过步骤S306的控制，能够防止电动机12急速旋转，由此能够提高操作性和安全性。
此外，主控制部14在步骤S304中(零交计数数≥n)成立时(S304：是)，将让电动机12完全停止的信号输出到电动机控制部28，与此对应地电动机控制部28停止对电动机12的供电(S307)。接着，主控制部14让显示部34的LED进行绿色闪烁(S308)，向用户警告暂时强制停止电动机12。进而，主控制部14判定电动机起动开关38是否是接通(S309)，如果电动机起动开关38是接通(S309：是)，则转移到图3的步骤S201执行用于电动机通常动作的控制。这样，在过负荷后的一定时间经过后，用户如果不操作电动机起动开关38，因为电动机12不起动，所以安全性提高。此外，如果电动机起动开关38是断开(S309：否)，则转移到步骤S307执行以后的处理。
通过以上的控制，可以提高磁性钻床1的作业性，防止钻头等刀具的破坏，防止电动机的烧毁，提高安全性等。
图5是表示作为本发明的移动式钻床的第2种实施方式的磁性钻床的处理的流程图，图6是表示接着图5的处理的流程图。而且，在图5以及图6中，在是和图3以及图4所示的步骤相同的处理内容的步骤上附加相同号码。
首先，主控制部14在图5的步骤S101中判定是否有通过电源开关36进行的电源接通，当不能判定电源接通的情况下待机，当是电源接通的情况下向磁铁16通电(S102)。接着主控制部14判定是否在对磁铁16进行通电(S103)，当未能确认对磁铁16的通电的情况下(S103：否)在显示部34的LED上进行红色闪烁(S105)这一点和图3所示的实施方式的情况一样。在图5所示的实施方式中，如果确认对磁铁16的通电(S103：否)，则转移到判定交流电源10的频率是50Hz还是60Hz的步骤(S108)。具体地说，根据在0.2秒钟内计数了用零交检测部24检测到的零交数的值判别电源频率。
接着，主控制部14让显示部34的LED点亮绿色(S104)，判定是否用电源开关36将电源设置成断开(S106)，如果确认了电源断开(S106：是)则结束处理(END)。此外，如果不是电源断开(S106：否)，则判定电动机起动开关38是否是接通(S107)，当开关不是接通的情况下(S107：否)让处理返回步骤103。
在步骤S107中当确认了开关接通的情况下(S107：是)，转移到电动机的通常动作的循环。即，和在图3中说明的一样，主控制部14让电动机控制部28工作，起动电动机12(S201)。其后，判定对磁铁16的通电(S202)，如果确认通电(S202：否)，则让显示部34的LED点亮绿色(S203)，此外，在未能确认通电时(S202：是)，让显示部34的LED进行红色闪烁(S212)。如果确认对磁铁16通电，则接着主控制部14读入负荷电流值IL(S204)，进行是否操作了电动机停止开关40的判定(S205)。如果操作了电动机停止开关40(S205：是)，则让电动机12停止(S213)将处理返回步骤S103。如果没有电动机停止开关40的操作(S205：否)，则主控制部14进行读入的负荷电流值IL和基准值Vref的比较处理(S207～S209)。在步骤S207中作为基准的Vref1是判定电动机12是否处于过负荷的电流值，在判定了(IL≤Vref1)时，即，在不是过负荷的情况下，主控制部14接着进行负荷电流值IL和基准值Vref2的比较(S208)。在此，基准值Vref2是虽然不需要停止电动机12但是相当于高负荷的电流值。在步骤S208中在判定了(IL＞Vref2)时，主控制部14让显示部34的LED点亮成红色而向用户警报有成为过负荷的可能性(S210)，其后，让处理转移到步骤S204，执行以后的处理。
另一方面，在步骤S208中判定为(IL≤Vref2)时(S208：否)，主控制部14进行负荷电流IL和基准值Vref3的比较(S209)。在此，基准值Vref3是成为用于判定是否是通常的负荷运行的基准的电流值。主控制部14在判定了(IL＞Vref3)时(S209：是)，让显示部34的LED点亮成黄色而警告用户负荷大(S211)，其后，将处理转移到步骤S204。此外，主控制部14在判定了(IL≤Vref3)时(S209：否)，因为是通常的负荷状态所以不让显示部34动作，将处理转移到步骤S203，执行以后的处理。
而后，在步骤S207中如果判定为负荷电流超过了基准值Vref1(S207：是)，则主控制部14执行图6的电动机过负荷时动作的处理。首先，主控制部14为了避免过负荷状态，执行将提供给电动机12的电压经过数秒钟(例如，4秒钟)逐渐降低到例如即使电动机12变成堵转(lock)状态也不会有烧毁等的危险的供给电压X％(例如，额定电压的35％)的控制(S310)，让显示部34的LED高速进行红色闪烁(S302)，向用户警告改变了电动机驱动力。
以下，主控制部14对负荷电流值IL和基准值Vref4进行比较(S311)。在此Vref4是在判定为电动机12是过负荷状态后，用于判断是否减轻了负荷的基准值，在判定了IL＜Vref4时(S311：是)，将处理转移到步骤306，执行逐渐提高电动机供给电压的控制。此外，当判定为IL≥Vref4时(S311：否)，判定步骤S310的控制是否结束，即，判定电动机供给电压是否降低为X％(S312)。在电动机供给电压未下降到X％时(S312：否)，将处理返回步骤S310，执行以后的处理。如果电动机供给电压下降到X％(S312：是)，则主控制部14控制电动机控制部28使得电动机供给电压维持X％(S313)。
接着，主控制部14为了判定将电动机供给电压设置成X％的电动机控制是否经过了规定时间(例如，数秒钟)而从零交检测部24取入零交信号来进行零交计数(S303)。接着，主控制部14对步骤S303的零交计数数和设定值n进行比较(S304)，在(零交计数数≥n)不成立时(S304：否)，继续判定IL＜Vref4(S305)。
主控制部14在(IL≥Vref4)时(S305：否)，将处理返回步骤S313，继续进行将电动机供给电压保持在X％的处理。此外，在(IL<Vref4>)时(S305：是)在判定为电动机12是过负荷状态后因为是负荷减轻的状态，所以主控制部14对电动机控制部28进行逐渐提高电动机供给电压的控制(S306)。进而，主控制部14判定电动机供给电压是否达到了100％(S315)，如果没有达到100％，则将处理返回步骤S306对电动机控制部28进行逐渐提高电动机供给电压的控制，如果达到100％则转移到图5的步骤S201执行以后的处理。
此外，主控制部14在(零交计数数≥n)成立时(S304：是)，即在经过了规定时间时，在停止对电动机12的供电(S307)后，让显示部34的LED以绿色闪烁(S308)，向用户警告已暂时强制停止了电动机12。进而，主控制部14判定是否将电动机起动开关38设置成接通(S309)，如果电动机起动开关38是ON(S309：是)，则转移到图5的步骤S201执行用于电动机的通常动作的控制。此外，如果电动机起动开关38是断开(S309：否)，则向步骤S307转移并执行以后的处理。
如上所述，如果采用第2种实施方式的处理，则因为通过步骤S310逐渐降低电动机供给电压，所以能够减弱电动机的惯性力，防止刀具的刀尖的损伤。此外，虽然和第1种实施方式一样，但在负荷电流值IL比基准值Vref4大的状态下，通过步骤S312、S313将电动机供给电压固定在规定值，其后根据过负荷状态执行电动机停止或者通常控制，所以，即使执行让电动机12完全停止的步骤S307的处理，也因为惯性力已经减弱，所以能够防止刀具的刀尖的损伤。进而，和第1种实施方式一样，可以提高磁性钻床中的作业性以及防止电动机的烧毁等。
以上，表示了本发明的磁性钻床的实施方式，但主控制部14并不限于PIC，也可以是将执行图3的处理的电路设计成专用的IC或电路。此外，电动机控制部28使用了在半导体控制元件中适合于电路构成的简化的双向可控硅，但也可以使用其他的元件，例如可以设置成使用了GTO(门极关断晶闸管)、IGBT(绝缘栅双极晶体管)等的构成。
进而，也可以在磁性钻床1上设置检测发生了横偏移等情况的加速度传感器，对横偏移等的发生进行警报。此外，虽然用1个LED进行警报/警告，但也可以是使用3个发出绿(或者蓝)、红、黄色(或者橙色)的单色光的LED的构成。此外，代替LED，也可以是将表示警告的文字消息、图画文字等显示在液晶显示器等上的构成。或者，代替发光元件，也可以设置成用声音(警报/警告音、声音消息等)进行的构成。进而，图5的步骤S108的处理也可以追加在图3的步骤S103和104之间。

Claims (9)

1.一种移动式钻床，具备：
钻床主体，包括作为让刀具旋转的驱动源的电动机；
固定部件，固定上述钻床主体；
电动机控制部，在电动机起动开关处于导通的状态时对上述电动机进行旋转驱动；
主控制部，控制上述电动机控制部，
该移动式钻床的特征在于：
上述主控制部具有：在上述电动机处于过负荷状态时控制上述电动机控制部使得降低提供给上述电动机的电功率的第1控制部件；
在解除了上述过负荷状态时控制上述电动机控制部使得进行通常的供电的第2控制部件，
上述主控制部具有第4控制部件，该第4控制部件在随着上述第1控制部件的执行，上述电动机的负荷电流处于规定的基准值以上，并且电动机供给电压变成规定值时，将根据该电动机供给电压的电动机驱动保持规定时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的移动式钻床，其特征在于：上述第1控制部件在上述电动机变成过负荷状态时，逐渐降低提供给上述电动机的电压。
3.根据权利要求1所述的移动式钻床，其特征在于：上述第2控制部件在解除了上述过负荷状态时，逐渐提高提供给上述电动机的电压而成为通常的供电状态。
4.根据权利要求1所述的移动式钻床，其特征在于：上述主控制部具有第3控制部件，该第3控制部件在上述过负荷状态未解除而持续了规定时间时，控制上述电动机控制部使得停止对上述电动机的供电。
5.根据权利要求4所述的移动式钻床，其特征在于：上述主控制部在上述第3控制部件执行中，根据上述电动机起动开关被设置成接通的情况来控制上述电动机控制部使得开始对上述电动机的通电。
6.根据权利要求4所述的移动式钻床，其特征在于：上述主控制部在上述第1、第2、第3控制部件各自的执行时，根据其控制状态，用不同的颜色和/或不同的点亮方法对发光元件进行显示控制。
7.根据权利要求1所述的移动式钻床，其特征在于：上述主控制部将上述电动机供给电压的规定值设定在即使上述电动机处于堵转状态也不至于烧毁的值。
8.根据权利要求7所述的移动式钻床，其特征在于：上述主控制部在上述第4控制部件执行时，在上述电动机的负荷电流小于上述基准值时，通过用上述第2控制部件逐渐提高提供给上述电动机的电压而成为通常的供电。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的移动式钻床，其特征在于：上述固定部件是用电磁力将包含上述电动机的钻床主体固定在被加工件上的磁铁，该主控制部基于对该磁铁进行通电的情况，利用该电动机控制部对该电动机进行旋转驱动。
CN200680049395.8A 2005-12-26 2006-12-13 移动式钻床 Active CN101346204B (zh)

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CN101346204A (zh) 2009-01-14

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