Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
  • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
  • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
  • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
  • G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
  • G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
  • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
  • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
  • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
  • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
  • G02F1/133637—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation characterised by the wavelength dispersion
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
  • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
  • G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
  • G02F2202/40—Materials having a particular birefringence, retardation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
  • G02F2203/02—Function characteristic reflective
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
  • G02F2413/01—Number of plates being 1
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
  • G02F2413/02—Number of plates being 2
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
  • G02F2413/08—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with a particular optical axis orientation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a phase difference film used in an optical element such as a liquid crystal display device, an anti-glare film, and an optical recording device.
• the present invention relates to circular polarizing plates, elliptical polarizing plates, liquid crystal display devices, and other optical devices. Background art
• the retardation film is used in the STN (super fast-drained) system of liquid crystal display devices and the like, and is used to solve problems such as color compensation and expansion of a viewing angle.
• polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, amorphous polyolefin, etc. are used as the material of the retardation film for color compensation, and the viewing angle is expanded.
• the retardation film material for use polymer liquid crystals, discotic liquid crystals, and the like are used in addition to the above-mentioned materials.
• the above-mentioned retardation film material for color compensation is used as a quarter-wave plate, and these materials have wavelength dispersion in birefringence.
• Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-29921 discloses a retardation film obtained by uniaxially stretching a mixture or copolymer film of at least two kinds of organic polymers. Since the first organic polymer has a positive photoelastic coefficient and the second organic polymer has a negative photoelastic coefficient, the birefringence decreases as the measurement wavelength becomes shorter. Larger phase difference film is disclosed However, it does not mention how to reduce the birefringence as the measurement wavelength is shorter. The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and it is an object of the present invention to realize a phase difference film in which the shorter the measurement wavelength is, the smaller the phase difference becomes with a single film. Summary of the Invention
• the present inventors have intensively studied a polymer material for a retardation film in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and have found that a retardation film comprising one polymer oriented film, having a wavelength of 450 nm And the phase difference at 550 nm are given by the following formulas (1) and (2)
• R (450) and R (550) are the in-plane retardation of the polymer oriented film at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm, respectively, and K (450) and ⁇ (550) are the wavelengths of 450 nm and 450, respectively.
• the oriented polymer full I Lum in 550nm K [ ⁇ 2 - ( ⁇ + n y) / 2] xd ( where, n x, n y, n are each of three-dimensional refractive index of the oriented polymer off I Lum This is the refractive index in the x-, y-, and z-axis directions, and d is the film thickness.
• K (450) ZK (550) ku 1 (2) (Where R (450) and R (550) are the in-plane retardation of the polymer oriented film at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm, respectively, and K (450) and ⁇ (550) are the wavelengths of 450 nm and 450, respectively.
• 1 C nz of the oriented polymer full I Lum in 550nm - (n + n y) / 2] xd ( where, n x, n y, n 2 are each of three-dimensional refractive index of the oriented polymer off I Lum This is the refractive index in the x-, y-, and z-axis directions, and d is the film thickness.
• R (650) is the in-plane retardation of the oriented polymer film at a wavelength of 650 nm.
• a polymer monomer unit having a positive refractive index anisotropy (hereinafter, referred to as a first monomer unit) and a polymer monomer unit having a negative refractive index anisotropy (Hereinafter, referred to as a second monomer unit).
• R (450) / R (550) of the polymer based on the first monomer unit is higher than R (450) / R (550) of the polymer based on the second monomer unit.
• R (450) / R (550) of the polymer based on the first monomer unit is higher than R (450) / R (550) of the polymer based on the second monomer unit.
• a retardation film [1] to [3] comprising a polymer oriented film.
• R 1 and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom.
• R 9 to R and 6 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and Y is
• R 2 or a R:, R ⁇ R 1 9 , R 2 R 22 are each independently a hydrogen atom in Y, a halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 ⁇ 22, R 2.
• R 23 are selected from a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
• Ar is selected from an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the polymer having a positive refractive index anisotropy is a polymer (2,6-di- A polymer oriented film wherein the polymer having negative anisotropy of refractive index is polystyrene;
• the retardation film is a viewing angle compensating plate [22] or [23]
• a retardation film composed of a single polycarbonate oriented film, and the retardation at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm is represented by the following formula (
• a phase difference film that satisfies the condition and R (550) is 50 nm or more.
• a reflection type liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer between two substrates having a polarizing plate, a snow plate, and a transparent electrode in this order;
• R (450) and R (550) are the in-plane retardations of the polymer oriented film at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm, respectively.
• Fig. 6 shows the laminated retardation films of Examples 16 and 17 and Comparative Examples 16 and 17. This is a graph showing the degree of coloring.
• FIG. 11 to 13 show examples of a liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 11 shows a polarizing plate 4 Z /; i / 4 plate 3 ZZ glass substrate 6 ZZ liquid crystal layer 8 Z / glass substrate 6 ⁇ Z 4 plate 3 ⁇ / polarizing plate 4 / / Configuration of back light system 10,
• Fig. 12 shows polarizer 4 / / ⁇ / 4 plate 3 Glass substrate 6 Transparent electrode 7 ⁇ Liquid crystal layer 8 / Uneven reflective electrode 9 ⁇ / Glass substrate 6
• Reference numeral 13 denotes a polarizing plate 4 // ⁇ ⁇ 4 plate 3 light diffusion plate 11 ZZ glass substrate 6 // transparent electrode 7 liquid crystal layer 8 specular reflection electrode glass electrode 6.
• FIG. 12 shows a thirteenth embodiment.
• FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the phase difference and the wavelength of the phase difference film of the first embodiment.
• FIGS. 15 and 16 are graphs showing the relationship between the birefringence wavelength dispersion coefficient of the retardation film of Example 12 and the volume fraction of the polymer component. Detailed description of the invention
• the present invention provides a process for obtaining an ideal I ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 4 plate and an I ⁇ 2 plate in a visible light wavelength region in a single polymer oriented film in the wavelength region of visible light. Succeeded in providing a single polymer oriented film with a smaller wavelength as the wavelength became shorter, achieving the above object and providing a retardation film with unprecedented characteristics.
• a smaller phase difference for shorter wavelengths means that from a practical viewpoint, R (450) / R (550) 1 or K (450) / ⁇ (550) 1
• the more preferable range of the phase difference variance or the ⁇ -value variance will be described later.
• the retardation (letter ion) of a polymer oriented film is determined by the light traveling speed (refractive index) in the direction of film orientation and the direction perpendicular to the film when light passes through the film with a thickness of d.
• the phase difference based on the difference between the two, and it is known to be expressed as the product ⁇ ⁇ d of the difference ⁇ between the refractive index in the direction of orientation and the direction perpendicular thereto and the thickness d of the film. I have.
• the orientation of a polymer oriented film in the present invention refers to a state in which polymer molecular chains are mainly arranged in a specific direction, and this state is a phase difference ( ⁇ ⁇ d) of the film. ) It can be measured by measurement.
• the orientation here means a phase difference R (550) of 20 nm or more and a Z or K (550) of 20 nm or more at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm. Orientation is usually caused by stretching the film.o
• the wavelength dispersion (wavelength dependence) of the retardation is the wavelength dispersion of the birefringence ⁇ (wavelength dependence).
• Optical anisotropy is positive when the refractive index in the direction of orientation in the plane of the polymer oriented film is larger than that in the direction perpendicular thereto, and negative when the refractive index is in the opposite direction. That.
• the direction of orientation of the polymer oriented film is, for example, uniaxial under the condition of a glass transition temperature Tg (Tg ⁇ 20 ° C), which is a well-known retardation film manufacturing condition. When stretched, it is in the stretching direction. In the case of biaxial stretching, the orientation will be higher It means the direction of stretching.
• the measurement optical wavelength used to determine whether the optical anisotropy is positive or negative is 550 nm.
• a retardation film composed of one polymer oriented film having a smaller retardation as the wavelength becomes shorter becomes a polymer oriented film satisfying the following condition (A) or (B). It has been found that it is possible to obtain
• a monomer unit of a polymer having a positive refractive index anisotropy (hereinafter, referred to as a first monomer unit) and a monomer unit of a polymer having a negative refractive index anisotropy ( Hereinafter, the film is referred to as a second monomer unit.)
• R (450) / R (550) of the polymer based on the first monomer unit is smaller than R (450) / R (550) of the polymer based on the second monomer unit.
• (B) Forming a polymer unit having a positive refractive index anisotropy (hereinafter referred to as a first monomer unit) and a polymer having a negative refractive index anisotropy
• a second monomer unit hereinafter, referred to as a second monomer unit.
• R (450) / R (550) of the polymer based on the first monomer unit is higher than R (450) / R (550) of the polymer based on the second monomer unit.
• (C) A blend polymer composed of a polymer having a positive refractive index anisotropy and a polymer having a negative refractive index anisotropy and / or a polymer having a positive refractive index anisotropy
• a film comprising a copolymer consisting of a monomer unit of the formula: and a monomer unit of a polymer having a negative refractive index anisotropy
• R (450) / R (550) of the polymer having the positive refractive index anisotropy is higher than R (450) / R (550) of the polymer having the negative refractive index anisotropy.
• a blend polymer comprising a polymer having a positive refractive index anisotropy and a polymer having a negative refractive index anisotropy, and Z or a polymer having a positive refractive index anisotropy
• a film comprising a copolymer consisting of a monomer unit of the formula: and a monomer unit of a polymer having a negative refractive index anisotropy
• R (450) / R (550) of the polymer having the positive refractive index anisotropy is higher than R (450) / R (550) of the polymer having the negative refractive index anisotropy.
• the polymer having a positive or negative refractive index anisotropy refers to a polymer that gives a polymer oriented film having a positive or negative refractive index anisotropy.
• Equation (a) completely ignores the change in polarizability due to electronic interaction between polymers A and B, but this assumption is also used below.
• the blend since it is required to be optically transparent, it is preferable that the blend is a compatible blend. In this case, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is very small and can be ignored.
• a phase difference film in which the shorter the measurement wavelength is, the smaller the birefringence is.
• 450 and 550 nm are considered as the measurement wavelengths.
• the birefringence of the retardation film at these wavelengths is ⁇ n (450) and ⁇ n (550), respectively, ⁇ n (450) Znn (550) ⁇ 1.
• a retardation film composed of a normal polymer film is ⁇ n (450) / ⁇ n (550)> 1, for example, obtained by polymerization of bisphenol A and phosgene.
• the ⁇ n (450) / An (550) of the polymer is about 1.08, and it is about 1.01 even for polyvinyl alcohol, which is said to have a small birefringence wavelength dispersion power. If ⁇ ⁇ (450) ⁇ ⁇ (550) is defined as the birefringence wavelength dispersion coefficient, using the equation (a), P
• Equation (c) is given as a function of 0 A, given the values in Table 1, as shown in Figs.
• the polymer with positive refractive index anisotropy is polymer A
• the polymer with negative refractive index anisotropy is polymer B.
• the optical anisotropy of the blend polymer is negative, while the anisotropy is positive in the region where ⁇ B is larger than the asymptote. It is.
• ⁇ n (450) / ⁇ n (550) in order for ⁇ n (450) / ⁇ n (550) to be 1, the birefringence wave of the positive polymer is increased as shown in cases 1 and 3 in Table 1.
• the long-dispersion coefficient is smaller than that of the negative one and the optical anisotropy of the polymer oriented film is positive, or the birefringence wavelength dispersion coefficient of the polymer alone as in Cases 2 and 4 is It is necessary that the film is larger than the negative one and the optical anisotropy of the polymer oriented film is negative.
• 450 and 550 nm are used as typical wavelengths, but the same holds for other wavelengths.
• the above discussion has described two components, the above concept holds for more than three components.
• the birefringence value and the birefringence dispersion value of the component having positive optical anisotropy Is corrected by the volume fraction between the two components with positive anisotropy, and the two components are regarded as one component, and the concept of the following discussion of the above equation (a) can be applied.
• the polymer blend is divided into monomer units constituting the constituent polymer, and the polymer blend is regarded as an aggregate of homopolymers composed of the respective monomer units.
• X has positive optical anisotropy
• z has a negative optical anisotropy
• the component having a positive optical anisotropy is composed of X, Y and X, and the birefringence index value and the birefringence dispersion value are positive.
• these three components are regarded as one component A
• the component with negative anisotropy is regarded as polymer B consisting of monomer units z.
• the single polymer when the single polymer is a polycarbonate, the polycarbonate is generally obtained by polycondensation of a dihydroxy compound and phosgene. Therefore, from the viewpoint of polymerization, a dihydroxy compound composed of bisphenol and phosgene are monomerized.
• the monomer unit refers to a portion derived from bisphenol and does not include a portion derived from phosgene.
• the birefringence ⁇ n is preferably larger for longer wavelengths in the measurement wavelength region. More specifically, the following expressions (d) and (e)
• R in the above equations (d) and (e) should be read as K.
• the retardation film of the present invention may be made of a blend polymer or a copolymer as described above.
• the polymer material constituting the retardation film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a blend or a copolymer satisfying the above conditions, and is excellent in heat resistance, good in optical performance, and made of a solution.
• Materials that can form a membrane, especially thermoplastic polymers are preferred.
• the film material has a water absorption of 1% by weight. In the following, it is important to select a material that preferably satisfies the condition of 0.5% by weight or less.
• blend polymer it is necessary that the polymer is optically transparent, and therefore, it is preferable that a compatible blend or a refractive index of each polymer is substantially equal.
• Specific combinations of blend polymers include, for example, poly (methyl methacrylate) as a polymer having negative optical anisotropy and high polymer having positive optical anisotropy.
• Combination of polyhexylene imide and poly (styrene-co-phenyl imide) and poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) having negative optical anisotropy and positive of Polycarbonate having optical anisotropy, poly (acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) having positive optical anisotropy, and poly (acrylonitrile) having negative optical anisotropy Ril-coastylene) and the like can be suitably mentioned, but not limited thereto.
• a combination of polystyrene and poly (phenylene oxide) such as poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) is preferable.
• the proportion of the polystyrene preferably accounts for 67% by weight or more and 75% by weight or less of the whole.
• copolymer examples include poly (butadiene-corporate polymer). Poly), poly (ethylene copolymer), poly (acrylonitrile-cobutadiene), poly (acrylonitrile) Butadiene-co-styrene), polycarbonate copolymer, polyester copolymer, polyester carbonate copolymer, polyacrylate copolymer, etc. can be used. I can do it. In particular, since a segment having a fluorene skeleton can have negative optical anisotropy, a polycarbonate copolymer, a polyester copolymer, or a polyester carbonate having a fluorene skeleton can be obtained. Copolymers, polyarylate copolymers and the like are more preferably used.
• Polycarbonate copolymers produced by reacting bisphenols with phosgene or a carbonate-forming compound such as diphenyl carbonate are particularly preferred because of their excellent transparency, heat resistance and productivity. You can do this.
• a copolymer containing a structure having a fluorene skeleton is preferable.
• the component having a fluorene skeleton is preferably contained at 1 to 99 mol%.
• the material suitable for the polymer oriented film of the retardation film of the present invention is represented by the following formula (I):
• R 1 to R 8 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and X is
• R 9 to R and 6 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a ', a logene atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and Y is
• R in Y, 7 ⁇ R, 9, R 2, and R 22 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, selected from C port plasminogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2.
• R 23 are each independently selected from hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and Ar is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• a repeating unit represented by the above formula (I) comprising a polymer oriented film of polycarbonate composed of a repeating unit represented by Occupies 30 to 90 mol% of the entire polycarbonate, and the repeating unit represented by the above formula ( ⁇ ) is a material occupying 70 to 10 mol% of the whole.
• This material is represented by the above formula (I).
• the composition is a composition of the following polycarbonate and a polycarbonate composed of a repeating unit represented by the above formula ( ⁇ ) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a blend polymer).
• two or more kinds of the repeating units represented by the above formulas (I) and ( ⁇ ) may be used in combination.
• two or more kinds of the above repeating units may be used in combination. Good.
• R 1 to R 8 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a aryl group such as a phenyl group. . Of these, a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are preferred.
• R 9 to R 6 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
• hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms examples include an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group, and a biphenyl group. And aryl groups such as benzyl group and terphenyl group. Of these, a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are preferred.
• R 17 ⁇ R 19 , 13 ⁇ 4 21 and 1 ⁇ 22 their respective independently a hydrogen atom, selected Ha androgenic atom and either et hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such carbonized As the hydrogen group, the same as those described above can be mentioned.
• R 23 each independently have 1 carbon atom -20 hydrocarbon groups, and examples of such hydrocarbon groups are the same as those described above.
• Ar is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
• the content of the above formula (I), that is, the copolymer composition in the case of a copolymer, and the blend composition ratio in the case of a composition, is 30 to 90 mol% of the entire polycarbonate. Outside this range, the absolute value of the phase difference does not decrease as the wavelength becomes shorter at the measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm.
• the content of the above formula (I) is preferably 35 to 85 mol% of the entire polycarbonate, and more preferably 40 to 80 mol%.
• the above molar ratio is determined by, for example, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) apparatus for the entire bulk of the poly-carbonate constituting the high molecular orientation film irrespective of the copolymer or the blend polymer. be able to.
• NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
• R and R in the above formula (IE) are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a methyl group), and the following formula (W)
• R 26 and R 27 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a methyl group, and Z is
• Polycarbonate copolymers composed of a repeating unit represented by the following and poly- or polycarbonate compositions (blend polymers) are preferred.
• a copolymer comprising the repeating units represented by the following formulas (V) to (K), wherein the proportion of the repeating unit (K) is 40 to 75 mol%, and the following formulas (VI) and (K)
• each are more preferred.
• the most preferred material is a copolymer or polymer blend containing bisphenol A (BPA, corresponding to the above formula (V)) and biscresol fluorene (BCF, corresponding to the above formula (K)), or a mixture thereof.
• BPA bisphenol A
• BCF biscresol fluorene
• the mixing ratio of these components is such that the BCF content is 55 to 75 mol%, more preferably 55-70 mol%. More ideal for these materials; one can obtain 4 ounces / 2 plates.
• the above-mentioned copolymer and Z or blend polymer can be produced by a known method.
• the polycarbonate a method by polycondensation of a dihydroxy compound and phosgene, a melt polycondensation method, and the like are suitably used.
• compatible blends are preferred, but even if they are not completely compatible, adjusting the refractive index between the components can reduce light scattering between components and improve transparency. It is possible.
• the limiting viscosity of the polymer of the oriented polymer film constituting the retardation film of the present invention is preferably from 0.3 to 2.0 dl / g. Below this, there is a problem that the material becomes brittle and the mechanical strength cannot be maintained, and above this, the solution viscosity becomes too high, causing problems such as generation of die line in solution film formation and purification at the end of polymerization becomes difficult. There is such a problem.
• the retardation film of the present invention is preferably transparent, has a haze value of 3% or less, and a total light transmittance of 85% or more. Further, the glass transition point temperature of the polymer film material is preferably 100 ° C. or more, more preferably 120 ° C. or more.
• UV absorbers such as phenylsalicylic acid, 2-hydroxybenzophenone, and triphenylphosphate, as well as a bluing agent to change color and antioxidants are added. May be.
• the retardation film of the present invention uses a film obtained by orienting a film such as the above-described poly-carbonate by stretching or the like.
• a known melt extrusion method, a solution casting method, or the like is used, but a solution casting method is more preferable from the viewpoints of uneven film thickness and appearance.
• methylene chloride, dioxolane or the like is preferably used.
• a known stretching method can be used as the stretching method, but it is preferably longitudinal uniaxial stretching.
• plasticizers such as dimethyl phthalate, getyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and other phthalates such as phthalate and tributyl phosphate are used. Phosphites, aliphatic dibasic esters, glycerin derivatives, glycol derivatives, and the like.
• the organic solvent used at the time of film formation described above may be left in the film and stretched. It is preferable that the amount of the organic solvent is 1 to 20% by weight based on the polymer solid content.
• the above-mentioned additives such as plasticizers and liquid crystals can change the wavelength dispersion of the retardation film of the present invention, but the amount of addition is preferably 10% by weight or less based on the polymer-solid content. In particular, 3 wt% or less is more preferable.
• the thickness of the retardation film is not limited, but is preferably from 1 m to 400 m. It should be noted that in the present invention, a phase difference film is strongly expressed, and is commonly referred to as a “film” or a “sheet”.
• the retardation film of the present invention In order to make the retardation of the retardation film of the present invention smaller as the wavelength becomes shorter, it is indispensable that the retardation film has a specific chemical structure. It should be noted that it will vary depending on stretching conditions, blend conditions, etc.
• the retardation film of the present invention is particularly a good quarter-wave plate ( ⁇ / 4 plate) or a half-wave plate (Snow 2) having a single polymer oriented film and having little wavelength dependence.
• R (550) ⁇ 50 nm is desirable, and more preferably R (550) ⁇ 90 nm, and in particular, It is desirable that lOOnm ⁇ R (550) ⁇ 180 nm for use as a plate, and 220 ⁇ R (550) ⁇ 330 nm for use as a half plate.
• the present invention relates to a phase difference film composed of a single polycarbonate film as one of the preferable phase difference films, and the phase difference wavelength at 450 nm and 550 nm.
• the phase difference is given by the following equation (1)
• R (450) and R (550) are the in-plane retardations of the polymer oriented film at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm, respectively.
• phase difference film having R (550) of 50 nm or more is provided.
• an acetate cell opening film is described as a retardation film in which the retardation becomes smaller as the wavelength becomes shorter at a measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm.
• FIG. 2 in Patent Publication No. 2609139 it is difficult for this cellulose acetate film to control the phase difference chromatic dispersion.
• a phase difference film having an optimum phase difference chromatic dispersion that is controlled according to various applications by controlling the phase difference chromatic dispersion. For example, in a reflection type liquid crystal display device; IZ 4 plate).
• cellulose acetate is a material having a water absorption of about 4 to 10%, depending on the degree of acetylation, and this causes problems such as hydrolysis, dimensional deformation, and orientation relaxation, and phase retardation. Also, it is difficult to maintain the phase difference chromatic dispersion at a practical level for a long period of time. In other words, it is a problem that depends on the specific material, and the cell acetate per film is inconvenient because of its optical durability.
• Cellulose acetate film is usually used as, for example, a polarizing plate or a support substrate for an optical capture plate, and has a small R (550) of several nm (high acetylation degree and about 4% water absorption). Is used. In such applications, there is no practical problem even if the phase difference, particularly the relaxation of the orientation of R (550), occurs, so this film can be used as a phase difference film. It is. However, R (550) is larger However, a cellulose acetate film cannot provide a highly reliable retardation film. In addition, for applications that require high moisture and heat resistance, for example, in automobiles, even higher reliability is required at present.
• the retardation film of the present invention can be used as a quarter-wave plate.
• it is preferable to use a wavelength of R An ⁇ d that is the quarter wavelength of 550 nm, which has the highest visibility in visible light.
• phase difference film of the present invention has a phase difference chromatic dispersion in order to be able to be used as a single broadband four-plate snowboard.
• Such a quarter-wave plate is used, for example, in a reflection type liquid crystal display device having a configuration in which only one polarizing plate is used and the back electrode also functions as a reflection electrode, thereby providing a reflection type display having excellent image quality. It is possible to obtain a display device. It is also possible to use this retardation film on the back side for the observer of the guest-host type liquid crystal layer. The role of the retardation film in these cases is to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light and circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light in the visible light region. It is possible to satisfy various purposes.
• a polarizing plate, a ⁇ / 4 plate A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer between two substrates having a transparent electrode and a transparent electrode, in this order; (1) R (450) / R (550) ⁇ 1 (1) where the phase difference at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm is
• R (450) and R (550) are the in-plane retardations of the polymer oriented film at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm, respectively.
• a reflective liquid crystal display device using a retardation film that satisfies the above conditions and has an R (550) of 100 to 180 nm.
• these films may be used in place of a substrate made of glass or a polymer film sandwiching the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display device, and may have a role of a substrate and a retardation film.
• the retardation film of the present invention may be bonded to a polarizing plate via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer to form a circularly polarizing plate or an elliptically polarizing plate, or some material may be coated on the retardation film.
• a single ting may be used to improve wet heat durability or improve solvent resistance.
• the retardation film of the present invention has been specially developed to obtain an ideal S / 4 plate or a Z2 plate with a smaller wavelength and a smaller birefringence with a single polymer oriented film.
• the shorter the wavelength the lower the birefringence and the water absorption of 1 wt% or less.
• a new polymer oriented film is newly provided, so that the retardation films of the present invention are laminated.
• another optical film such as a retardation film, a polarizing plate, or an optical compensator
• an ideal film can be obtained in a wider wavelength range. It is much wider, such as making I / 4 board and I / 2 board.
• a phase difference film or optical film suitable for various applications can be obtained.
• a four-snow plate and a two-sZ plate are laminated, and both retardation films are expressed by the equations (5) and (6).
• this laminated retardation film when linearly polarized light is incident on the laminated retardation film, almost completely at any wavelength in the measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm, preferably 400 to 780 nm.
• perfect circularly polarized light when perfect circularly polarized light is incident on the laminated retardation film, almost perfect linearly polarized light can be obtained at any wavelength in the measurement wavelength of 400 to 700 nm.
• a polarizing plate, a laminated retardation film, and a reflecting plate are laminated in this order, that is, in the configuration of the polarizing plate / laminated retardation film / reflecting plate, a natural Judgment was made based on whether black without coloring was obtained when polarized visible light was incident.
• the light changes its polarization state to natural polarization— (polarizer) —linearly polarized light 1 ⁇ (stacked retardation film) ⁇ circularly polarized light— (reflector) —circularly polarized light ⁇ (stacked retardation film).
• the laminated retardation film becomes colored black.
• Both laminated retardation films are more preferably
• the laminated retardation film of the present invention is composed of two retardation films having a retardation chromatic dispersion value satisfying the above expressions (5) and (6), that is, a half-wave plate. And quarter-wave plates are stacked, and preferably the angle between their optical axes is between 50 and 70 degrees. If the bonding angle is out of this range, good characteristics cannot be obtained.
• this characteristic is not always optimal for, for example, a single-polarizer-type reflective liquid crystal display device, and when incorporating it into a liquid crystal display device, matching with the liquid crystal layer and other optical members is important. It is.
• the polymer material used as the retardation film is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above formulas (5) and (6). Examples of the polymer material are described above. It is more preferable to use a polycarbonate having the following. Further, it is preferable to use the same polymer material for the 1 wavelength plate and the ⁇ wavelength plate constituting the laminated retardation film of the present invention in terms of productivity.
• a simulation was performed using a 2 ⁇ 2 optical matrix to see what results would be obtained if the phase difference chromatic dispersion value of did not satisfy the above equations (5) and (6).
• Figure 5 shows the results.
• the light from the polarizing plate is incident from the normal direction of the polarizing plate, and the light emitted in the normal direction is calculated for the configuration of the polarizing plate laminated phase difference film Z reflector.
• the polarizing plate was 100% polarized and the reflector was an ideal specular reflector.
• Table 2 shows the angles of the optical axes of the optical members in this configuration. As can be seen from Fig. 5, the reflectance is particularly large on the short wavelength side and on the long wavelength side, and it can be seen that ideal black cannot be obtained.
• the two retardation films used in the present invention are preferably transparent, have a haze value of 3% or less, and a total light transmittance of 85% or more.
• a laminated retardation film having a haze value of 3% or less and a total light transmittance of 85% or more.
• each retardation film is preferably 1 to 400 m.
• the K value is an index of the three-dimensional refractive index anisotropy of the retardation film, but varies depending on the R value and the film thickness, and the optimum value differs depending on the application.
• n x of the N z, n y, the eta zeta shall use what was used in calculation of the ⁇ value.
• the laminated retardation film of the present invention is bonded to a polarizing plate via an adhesive layer and an adhesive layer to form a circularly polarizing plate, or by coating some material on the retardation film. It can improve wet heat durability and improve solvent resistance.
• a circularly polarizing plate is used, the order of one retardation film in the laminated retardation film of the present invention is important. It must be configured. This circular polarizer can circularly polarize incident light in a wide wavelength range when light is incident from the polarizer side.
• the laminated retardation film of the present invention which has a 1Z 2 wavelength plate ZZ 1 Z 4 wavelength plate configuration, can emit light in a wide wavelength range when linearly polarized light is incident from the 1/2 wavelength plate side.
• the emitted light becomes linearly polarized light in a wide wavelength range.
• This reflection type liquid crystal display device is composed of a polarizing plate, a phase difference film, a substrate with a transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer, and a substrate with a scattering reflection electrode, in that order, a polarizing plate, a scattering plate, and a phase difference film.
• a substrate with a transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer, and a substrate with a specular reflective electrode in that order, a polarizing plate, a retardation film, a substrate with a transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer, a substrate with a transparent electrode, and a reflective layer. And so on.
• the quarter-wave plate liquid crystal display combines both reflective and transmissive: may also be used in the shown device. Examples of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device include a polarizing plate, a retardation film, a substrate with a transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer, a substrate with a reflective / transparent electrode, a retardation film, a polarizing plate, and a backlight.
• a reflective polarizer made of cholesteric liquid crystal which reflects either left or right circularly polarized light, if it is used as an element that converts circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light, a good linearity over a wide band can be obtained. Polarized light is obtained.
• the retardation film of the present invention can also be used as a 1Z4 wavelength plate used in an optical head of an optical recording device.
• a phase difference film can provide a phase difference of 1Z4 wavelengths for multiple wavelengths, the number of phase differences in an optical head using a plurality of laser light sources can be reduced. It can contribute to reduction.
• a configuration example of a laminated retardation film using the retardation film of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device, or the like is illustrated. 13 to 13.
• the phase difference R value which is the product of the birefringence ⁇ and the film thickness d
• the K value which is obtained from the three-dimensional refractive index
• the K value is determined by changing the angle between the incident light beam and the film surface, measuring the phase difference value at each angle, and performing cubic fitting using a well-known refractive index ellipsoidal formula.
• n x, n y seek n 2, K two (eta zeta one ( ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ y) / 2) * are calculated by the assignment child to d.
• an average refractive index of n 2 (n + ny + nz ) Z 3 is required, which is determined by an Abbe refractometer equipped with a spectral light source. Using a product name “Abbe Refractometer 2 — T” manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd., the measurement wavelength; I, 500, 550, 590, and 640 nm, the refractive index ⁇ was measured.
• n Refractive index in the main stretching direction in the film plane
• n y refractive index of the orientation perpendicular to the main stretching direction at full I Lum plane
• n z normal direction refractive index of the full I Lum surface
• the main stretching direction means the stretching direction in the case of uniaxial stretching, and the direction in which the degree of orientation is stretched to be higher in the case of biaxial stretching. Refers to the orientation direction.
• R at each wavelength is shown as an actually measured value.
• R (550)> the refractive index anisotropy is positive, and when R (550) ⁇ 0, it is negative.
• the measurement was performed using TA Instruments' trade name "DSC2920 Modulated DSC”. It was measured not after film forming but after resin polymerization, in the state of flakes or chips.
• the intrinsic viscosity was determined at 20 ° C in methylene chloride.
• the measurement wavelength was 590 nm, and it was measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer, trade name “M150” manufactured by JASCO Corporation.
• a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and ion-exchanged water were charged into a reaction tank equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a reflux condenser, and the monomers (A) and (G) having the above structure were added to the moles shown in Table 1
• the mixture was dissolved at a ratio and a small amount of hydrozalphite was added.
• methylene chloride was added thereto, and phosgene was blown in at 20 ° C for about 60 minutes.
• p-tert-butylphenol was added and emulsified, and then triethylamine was added and the mixture was stirred at 30 ° C. for about 3 hours to complete the reaction.
• the organic phase was separated and the methylene chloride was evaporated to obtain a polycarbonate copolymer.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• This copolymer was dissolved in methylene chloride to prepare a doping solution having a solid content of 15% by weight.
• a cast film was prepared from the dope solution and stretched in the free-width uniaxial direction at 218 ° C by 1.9 times to obtain a retardation film.
• the solvent content of the cast film before stretching was 2%, and the ratio of the width of the film to the length in the stretching direction in the stretching zone was 1: 1.2.
• Fig. 14 shows the relationship between phase difference and chromatic dispersion.
• the shorter the measurement wavelength the smaller the phase difference was, the longer the in-plane refractive index in the stretching direction was, and the positive the refractive index anisotropy was.
• non photoelastic coefficient of stretching calibration scan walk Lee Lum is 35 X 10- 1 3 cm 2 / dy It was ne.
• Example 4 The unstretched cast film before stretching prepared in Example 1 was successively biaxially stretched at a temperature of 220 ° C. by 1.1 times each in the length and width directions. Table 4 summarizes the measurement results.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomers described in Table 1 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film was stretched uniaxially at a temperature of 218 ° C and 1.7 times at a free-angle to obtain a retardation film.
• the solvent content of the cast film before stretching was 0.5%.
• Table 4 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength was, the smaller the phase difference was, and the refractive index anisotropy was positive.
• the unstretched film before stretching prepared in Example 2 was successively biaxially stretched at a temperature of 220 ° C. by 1.1 times each in the length and width directions.
• Table 4 summarizes the measurement results.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers described in Example 1 and Table 4 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film was stretched in the free-width uniaxial direction at a temperature of 21.8 ° C. and 1.7 times to obtain a retardation film. Before stretching The cast film had a solvent content of 0.2%.
• Table 4 summarizes the measurement results. It was confirmed that the refractive index anisotropy of this film was positive.
• Example 3 The copolymer prepared in Example 3 was dissolved in methylene chloride so that the content ratio of [A] and [G] was the same as in Example 1. The concentration of this solution was 15% by weight in terms of solid content, but it was transparent without turbidity, and the film made from the solution had a haze of 0.5% and the two copolymers were compatible. I knew there was. Furthermore, when the cast film was stretched under the same conditions as in Example 1, it was found that the chromatic dispersion relationship of the K and R values was almost the same as in Example 1.
• a polycarbonate-carbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomers described in Table 4 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• a film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film was uniaxially stretched at a temperature of 240 ° C. and twice to obtain a retardation film. Table 4 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the smaller the phase difference became, and the refractive index anisotropy was positive.
• Table 5 summarizes the measurement results. This film confirms that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the smaller the phase difference and the more positive the refractive index anisotropy is.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomers shown in Table 5 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer-to-charge ratio.
• a film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film was uniaxially stretched at a temperature of 230 ° C and 1.6 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 5 summarizes the measurement results. This film confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the smaller the phase difference and the positive the refractive index anisotropy was.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomers shown in Table 5 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 and stretched at a temperature of 230 ° C and 1.7 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 5 summarizes the measurement results of the optical characteristics. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength was, the smaller the phase difference was, and the refractive index anisotropy was positive.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomers shown in Table 5 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer is mono. It was almost the same as the charge ratio.
• the film was formed and stretched at a temperature of 240 ° C. and 1.6 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 5 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength was, the smaller the phase difference was, and that the refractive index anisotropy was positive.
• Polystyrene obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
• Polystyrene as a polymer having a negative refractive index anisotropy
• Polystyrene as a polymer having a positive refractive index anisotropy Lenoxide (Poly (2, 6-dimethyl 1, 4- 4-phenyloxide), obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to black and white form at a ratio of 70 and 30% by weight, respectively.
• a dope solution having a solid concentration of 18% by weight was prepared.
• a cast film was prepared from the dope solution and uniaxially stretched three times at a temperature of 130 ° C. The glass transition temperature of this film was 125 ° C.
• Table 6 summarizes the measurement results of the optical characteristics. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength was, the smaller the phase difference was, and the refractive index anisotropy was negative.
• Figure 15 shows the relationship between the birefringence wavelength dispersion coefficient and the volume fraction of polyphenylene oxide when the blend ratio of polystyrene and polyphenylene oxide is changed. .
• the optical anisotropy is negative, and there is a region where the birefringence wavelength dispersion coefficient is smaller than 1.
• the value is larger than 1 in the region where the refractive index anisotropy, which is rich in polyphenylene oxide, is positive.
• FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the volume fraction and the birefringence chromatic dispersion coefficient as shown in FIG. 15 calculated using the above equation (c).
• Figure 16 shows the intrinsic birefringence of polystyrene and polyphenylene oxide at a wavelength of 550 nm, respectively, at 0 ⁇ 10 and 0.21 (D. Lef ebvre, B. Jasse and L. onner ie, Polymer 23 706-709 (1982)).
• the agreement between Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 is good.
• Table 6 Optical properties of retardation films in Examples
• Example 1 The film produced in Example 1 was incorporated into a single-panel-reflective liquid crystal display device mounted on Nintendo Co., Ltd. portable game machine "Game Boy Color I" and evaluated.
• the polarizer Z was constructed from the observer side.
• the adhesive layer between each layer is omitted.
• the color was adhered at an angle such that a white display was obtained when the voltage was turned off, and the color was evaluated visually.
• This retardation film functions as an I / 4 plate.
• This commercially available product uses two polycarbonate films made of a homopolymer of bisphenol A with different phase differences, but the film of Example 1 is used as one film. When only one sheet is used, there is little coloration, especially when displaying black, and as a result, the contrast is high and the visibility is excellent. did it.
• the film prepared in Example 1 was placed on a reflective polarizing plate composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal, and a commercially available backlight Z cholesteric liquid crystal layer / the film / polarized light of Example 1 was used.
• the color was evaluated by the composition of the board.
• the film of Example 1 functions as a plate; The angle between the slow axis of the film and the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate was set to 45 °.
• the light emitted from the polarizing plate was in a white state with little coloring.
• a discotic liquid crystal layer was peeled off from a support substrate of an optical compensation film using a UV-curable discotic liquid crystal layer used in a liquid crystal display device of a video camera with a commercially available liquid crystal monitor. It was bonded to a retardation film via an adhesive layer. This was again bonded to this liquid crystal display device, that is, only the support substrate was replaced with that of Example 2 and used as a liquid crystal monitor.In the state of a commercial product, when viewed obliquely from the horizontal direction of the monitor Although the white display part appeared to be colored brown, in this configuration, the degree of coloring was very small and the visibility was excellent. Also, the front contrast was not dropped.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• a film was formed and stretched at a temperature of 240 ° C 1.5 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference in absolute value becomes.
• Polycarbonate was produced in the same manner except that the monomers listed in Table 7 were used. -A copolymer was obtained. The composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed and stretched at a temperature of 170 ° C and 1.2 times to obtain a retardation film. Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the absolute value and the phase difference became.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed and stretched at a temperature of 240 ° C and 1.5 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the absolute value and the phase difference became.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed and stretched at a temperature of 165 ° C and 1.2 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the absolute value and the phase difference became.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer-to-charge ratio.
• the film was formed and stretched at a temperature of 230 ° C and 1.5 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results of the optical characteristics. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference in absolute value becomes.
• Example 6 A poly-carbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used. The composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film was stretched at a temperature of 160 ° C. and a magnification of 1.1 to obtain a retardation film. Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference becomes in absolute value.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed, stretched at a temperature of 240 ° C. and a magnification of 1.3 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference becomes in absolute value.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film was stretched at a temperature of 175 ° C and a magnification of 1.2 to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. This film confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference in absolute value.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 and stretched at a temperature of 260 ° C. at a magnification of 1.2 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the absolute value and the phase difference became. (Comparative Example 10)
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers described in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• a film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film was stretched at a temperature of 170 ° C and at a magnification of 1.1 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results of the optical characteristics. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference in absolute value becomes.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed, stretched at a temperature of 260 ° C. and a magnification of 1.5 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference becomes in absolute value.
• a poly-carbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film was stretched at a temperature of 180 ° C. and a magnification of 1.2 to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. This film confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference in absolute value.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers described in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer-to-charge ratio.
• the film was formed, and the film was uniaxially stretched at a temperature of 160 ° C. and 1.1 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the absolute value and the larger the phase difference. It has been confirmed that it has become worse.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed, and the film was uniaxially stretched at a temperature of 175 ° C and 1.1 times to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference becomes in absolute value.
• a poly-carbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers shown in Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer was almost the same as the monomer charge ratio.
• the film was formed, the temperature was 170 ° C., and the film was uniaxially stretched to a magnification of 1.1 to obtain a retardation film.
• Table 7 summarizes the measurement results. In this film, it was confirmed that the shorter the measurement wavelength, the larger the phase difference in absolute value becomes.
• This copolymer was dissolved in methylene chloride to prepare a dope solution having a solid content of 20% by weight.
• this film was bonded at the angles shown in Table 8 to produce an optical multilayer film composed of a polarizing plate ZZIZS wavelength plate Z1Z4 wavelength plate / reflection plate.
• An adhesive was used between the optical films.
• Figure 6 shows an outline of the reflection spectrum of this optical multilayer film.
• the case in which the coloration is completely non-colored and black with low reflectance is realized is the case where the reflectance is 0 in all wavelength regions in FIG. 6, but the laminated retardation film of the present invention is When used, as can be seen from FIG. 6, the reflectance was smaller than that of the comparative example described later, and a considerably excellent black state was obtained. In addition, the optical multilayer film was visually observed, but black without coloring was obtained.
• a polycarbonate copolymer was obtained in the same manner except that the monomers described in Example 16 and Table 7 were used.
• the composition ratio of the obtained copolymer is mono. It was almost the same as the mer charge ratio.
• a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate were prepared in the same manner as in Example 16 and bonded at the angles shown in Table 1 to form a polarizing plate ZZ 1 Z two-wave plate // 1 / 4-wave plate // An optical multilayer film consisting of a reflector was manufactured.
• Figure 6 outlines the reflection spectrum of this optical multilayer film. As can be seen from FIG. 6, it was found that a considerably better black state was obtained as compared with the comparative example. . Further, when the optical multilayer film was visually confirmed, black without coloring was obtained.
• Polycarbonate homopolymers were obtained in the same manner except that the monomers described in Example 16 and Table 8 were used.
• a 1Z 2 wavelength plate and a 1/4 wavelength plate were prepared in the same manner as in Example 16 and bonded at the angles shown in Table 8 to form a polarizing plate / no 1Z 2 wavelength plate Z / 1/4 wavelength plate ZZ reflection.
• Optical multilayer consisting of plates A film was made.
• a 1/4, 1/4 wave plate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 16 using the trade name “ART0NG” manufactured by JSR Corporation, which is a norbornane resin, at the bonding angles shown in Table 8. Then, an optical multilayer film composed of a polarized light / 1/2 wavelength plate // 1/4 wavelength plate and a ZZ reflector was manufactured.
• Figure 6 outlines the reflection spectrum of this optical multilayer film. Further, the optical multilayer film was visually checked, and it was found that the optical multilayer film was colored black compared to Examples 16 and 17. Industrial applicability
• a retardation film having such a birefringence wavelength dispersion property and having a quarter-wave phase difference at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm has a circular polarization as a linear polarization and a linear polarization as a circular polarization in a wide wavelength range. Since it functions as a retardation film that converts to polarized light, it is applied to a single polarizer ⁇ guest-host type reflective liquid crystal display device and a reflective polarizer that reflects only one circularly polarized light. By doing so, a liquid crystal display device with excellent image quality and a high-performance reflective polarizing element can be provided with high productivity.

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