WO2018159297A1 - 光学異方性積層体、円偏光板、及び画像表示装置 - Google Patents
光学異方性積層体、円偏光板、及び画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018159297A1 WO2018159297A1 PCT/JP2018/005121 JP2018005121W WO2018159297A1 WO 2018159297 A1 WO2018159297 A1 WO 2018159297A1 JP 2018005121 W JP2018005121 W JP 2018005121W WO 2018159297 A1 WO2018159297 A1 WO 2018159297A1
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
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-
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8793—Arrangements for polarized light emission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optically anisotropic laminate, and a circularly polarizing plate and an image display device including the same.
- an optically anisotropic film is usually provided as an optical film.
- an optical film is usually provided as an optical film.
- JP 2014-071209 A JP 2014-123099 A JP 2011-138144 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-040904 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-079230 (corresponding publication: US Patent Application Publication No. 2015/062505) JP 2007-328310 A (corresponding publication: US Patent Application Publication No. 2009/296027) JP 2005-326818 A (corresponding publication: US Patent Application Publication No. 2005/231660)
- a circularly polarizing plate may be used in order to improve the visibility when viewing an image through polarized sunglasses.
- the circularly polarizing plate can be composed of a linear polarizer and a quarter wave plate.
- the quarter-wave plate for example, a stretched polymer compound film obtained by stretching a polymer compound film can be used.
- the quarter-wave plate functions as a quarter-wave plate at all wavelengths.
- a conventional stretched polymer compound film generally exhibits forward wavelength dispersibility that in-plane retardation becomes smaller as the wavelength becomes longer, so that it may not function as a quarter-wave plate depending on the wavelength.
- the linearly polarized light transmitted through the circularly polarizing plate is not converted into an ideal circularly polarized light depending on the wavelength of the linearly polarized light, but is converted into an elliptically polarized light. Is done.
- the color of the image changes when the display surface is rotated in the same plane as the display surface while observing the display surface of the image display device provided with the circularly polarizing plate from the front direction of the display surface through polarized sunglasses. There was a case.
- the inventor has laminated a 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength plate exhibiting reverse wavelength dispersion that the in-plane retardation is increased as the wavelength is longer, and a 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate exhibiting reverse wavelength dispersion to obtain a wider wavelength.
- a wide-band quarter-wave plate that can function as a quarter-wave plate in a range can be obtained, and a circularly polarizing plate equipped with this wide-band quarter-wave plate can greatly reduce changes in the color of an image. I found. However, even when a circularly polarizing plate having such a broadband quarter-wave plate is used, if the display surface is rotated in the same plane as the display surface while observing from the tilt direction of the display surface of the image display device, an image is obtained. There was a case where the color of the color changed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and changes in color that occur when the display surface is rotated while observing the image display device through the polarized sunglasses from the front direction or the tilt direction of the display surface. It is an object to provide an optically anisotropic laminate capable of reducing the above; and a circularly polarizing plate and an image display device provided with the optically anisotropic laminate.
- An optically anisotropic laminate including a second optically anisotropic layer having a coefficient; and a circularly polarizing plate and an image display device including the optically anisotropic laminate find that the above-described problem is achieved. It was. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- the first optically anisotropic layer satisfies the following formula (1), formula (2), formula (3), and formula (4)
- the second optically anisotropic layer is an optically anisotropic laminate satisfying the following formula (5), formula (6), formula (7), and formula (8).
- Re1 (450), Re1 (550), Re1 (590), and Re1 (650) represent the in-plane retardation Re of the first optical anisotropic layer at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, 590 nm, and 650 nm, respectively.
- NZ1 represents the NZ coefficient of the first optically anisotropic layer at a wavelength of 590 nm
- Re2 (450), Re2 (550), Re2 (590), and Re2 (650) represent in-plane retardation Re of the second optical anisotropic layer at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, 590 nm, and 650 nm, respectively.
- NZ2 represents the NZ coefficient of the second optical anisotropic layer at a wavelength of 590 nm.
- the angle formed by the direction showing the maximum refractive index nx1 in the plane of the first optical anisotropic layer and the direction showing the maximum refractive index nx2 in the plane of the second optical anisotropic layer is 60
- an optically anisotropic laminate that can reduce a change in tint that occurs when the display surface is rotated while observing the image display device from the front or tilt direction of the display surface through polarized sunglasses. And a circularly polarizing plate and an image display device including the optically anisotropic laminate.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an optically anisotropic laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the optically anisotropic laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a circularly polarizing plate according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a circularly polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a liquid crystal display device as an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an organic EL display device as an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an optically anisotropic laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the optically anisotropic laminate according to an embodiment of the present
- the “long” film means a film having a length of 5 times or more, preferably 10 times or more, and specifically a roll.
- the upper limit of the length of the long film is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 100,000 times or less with respect to the width.
- nx represents a refractive index in a direction (in-plane direction) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the layer and giving a maximum refractive index (slow axis direction), and ny represents the in-plane direction of the layer.
- nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction of the layer
- d represents the thickness of the layer.
- the measurement wavelength is 590 nm unless otherwise specified.
- the slow axis of a certain layer represents the slow axis in the plane of the layer unless otherwise specified.
- the front direction of a surface means the normal direction of the surface, and specifically refers to the direction of the polar angle 0 ° and the azimuth angle 0 ° of the surface.
- the inclination direction of a surface means a direction that is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the surface, and specifically, a range in which the polar angle of the surface is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °. Pointing in the direction.
- the directions of the elements “parallel”, “vertical”, and “orthogonal” include errors within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, for example, ⁇ 5 °, unless otherwise specified. You may go out.
- the longitudinal direction of the long film is usually parallel to the film flow direction in the production line.
- circularly polarizing plate “retardation plate”, “ ⁇ / 2 plate” and “ ⁇ / 4 plate” are not limited to rigid members unless otherwise specified, for example, a resin film. The member which has flexibility like this is also included.
- angles formed by the optical axes (polarization absorption axis, polarization transmission axis, slow axis, etc.) of each layer in a member having a plurality of layers are as viewed from the thickness direction unless otherwise noted. Represents the angle.
- (meth) acrylate is a term encompassing “acrylate”, “methacrylate” and mixtures thereof, and “(meth) acryl” is “acryl”, “methacryl” and It is a term encompassing these combinations.
- a polymer having a positive intrinsic birefringence value and “a resin having a positive intrinsic birefringence value” mean that “the refractive index in the stretching direction is larger than the refractive index in the direction perpendicular thereto. “Polymer” and “resin in which the refractive index in the stretching direction is larger than the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the polymer”, respectively.
- a polymer having a negative intrinsic birefringence value and “a resin having a negative intrinsic birefringence value” are “a polymer in which the refractive index in the stretching direction is smaller than the refractive index in the direction perpendicular thereto” And “resin in which the refractive index in the stretching direction is smaller than the refractive index in the direction perpendicular thereto”.
- the intrinsic birefringence value can be calculated from the dielectric constant distribution.
- the adhesive is not only a narrowly defined adhesive (an adhesive having a shear storage modulus of 1 MPa to 500 MPa at 23 ° C. after irradiation with energy rays or after heat treatment), A pressure-sensitive adhesive having a shear storage modulus at 23 ° C. of less than 1 MPa is also included.
- the optically anisotropic laminate of the present invention includes a first optically anisotropic layer and a second optically anisotropic layer.
- the first optically anisotropic layer satisfies the following formula (1), formula (2), formula (3), and formula (4).
- the second optical anisotropic layer 120 satisfies the following formula (5), formula (6), formula (7), and formula (8).
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an optically anisotropic laminate 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the optically anisotropic laminate 100 includes a first optically anisotropic layer 110 and a second optically anisotropic layer 120.
- the first optical anisotropic layer 110 satisfies the following formula (1), formula (2), formula (3), and formula (4). 220 nm ⁇ Re1 (590) ⁇ 330 nm (1) Re1 (450) / Re1 (550) ⁇ 1.0 (2) Re1 (650) / Re1 (550) ⁇ 1.0 (3) 0.95 ⁇ NZ1 ⁇ 2.00 (4)
- Re1 (450), Re1 (550), Re1 (590), and Re1 (650) are the in-plane retardations Re of the first optical anisotropic layer at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, 590 nm, and 650 nm, respectively.
- NZ1 represents the NZ coefficient of the first optically anisotropic layer at a wavelength of 590 nm.
- the second optical anisotropic layer 120 satisfies the following formula (5), formula (6), formula (7), and formula (8).
- Re2 (450), Re2 (550), Re2 (590), and Re2 (650) represent the in-plane retardation Re of the second optical anisotropic layer at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, 590 nm, and 650 nm, respectively.
- NZ2 represents the NZ coefficient of the first optically anisotropic layer at a wavelength of 590 nm.
- the optically anisotropic laminate includes a first optically anisotropic layer satisfying the formulas (1) to (4) and a second optically anisotropic layer satisfying the formulas (5) to (8). Reduces the change in color of the display surface that occurs when the display surface is rotated while observing the image display device including the optically anisotropic laminate through the polarized sunglasses from the front direction or the tilt direction of the display surface. can do.
- a circularly polarizing plate obtained by combining the optically anisotropic laminate with a polarizer is usually provided in an organic EL display device, so that the display surface of the organic EL display device usually has a front direction and an inclination. Reflection of external light in the direction can be suppressed.
- Re1 (590) is preferably 258 nm or more, more preferably 268 nm or more, particularly preferably 273 nm or more, preferably 288 nm or less, more preferably 283 nm or less.
- Re1 (590) is in such a range, the change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- the in-plane retardation ratio Re1 (450) / Re1 (550) is preferably 0.80 or more, preferably 0.95 or less, more preferably 0.90 or less.
- the ratio Re1 (450) / Re1 (550) is in such a range, the change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- the in-plane retardation ratio Re1 (650) / Re1 (550) is preferably 1.01 or more, more preferably 1.02 or more, and preferably 1.20 or less.
- the ratio Re1 (650) / Re1 (550) is in such a range, the change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- NZ coefficient NZ1 becomes like this. Preferably it is 1.0 or more, Preferably it is 1.5 or less, More preferably, it is 1.2 or less. When NZ1 is in such a range, a change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- Re2 (590) is preferably 129 nm or more, more preferably 134 nm or more, preferably 144 nm or less, and more preferably 142 nm or less. When Re2 (590) is in such a range, a change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- the in-plane retardation ratio Re2 (450) / Re2 (550) is preferably 0.80 or more, preferably 0.95 or less, and more preferably 0.90 or less. .
- the ratio Re2 (450) / Re2 (550) is in such a range, it is possible to further reduce the reduction in color change on the display surface.
- the in-plane retardation ratio Re2 (650) / Re2 (550) is preferably 1.01 or more, more preferably 1.02 or more, and preferably 1.20 or less. .
- the ratio Re2 (650) / Re2 (550) is in such a range, the change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- the NZ coefficient NZ2 is preferably ⁇ 1.0 or more, more preferably ⁇ 0.75 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 0.70 or more, preferably 0.0 or less. More preferably -0.25 or less, and particularly preferably -0.30 or less. When NZ2 is in such a range, a change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- is preferably 0.09 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and more preferably 0.001. And ideally 0.000.
- takes the above values, the reduction in the change in color on the display surface is further reduced. it can.
- is preferably 0.04 or less, more preferably 0.02 or less, and more preferably 0.001. And ideally 0.000.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the optically anisotropic laminate 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the first optical anisotropic layer 110 has a slow axis 111 in a direction parallel to the in-plane direction
- the second optical anisotropic layer 120 has a slow axis 121 in a direction parallel to the in-plane direction.
- a line segment 113 indicated by a one-dot chain line is a line segment parallel to the slow axis 111 and present on the surface of the second optical anisotropic layer 120.
- the angle ⁇ is an angle formed by the slow axis 111 and the slow axis 121.
- the slow axis 111 is a direction indicating the maximum refractive index nx1 in the plane of the first optical anisotropic layer 110, and the slow axis 121 is the maximum refractive index nx2 in the plane of the second optical anisotropic layer 120. It is the direction which shows.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably 60 ° ⁇ 10 ° (that is, (60 ° ⁇ 10 °) or more and (60 ° + 10 °) or less). Since the angle formed by the slow axis 111 and the slow axis 121 is within this range, linearly polarized light in a wider wavelength range can be converted into circularly polarized light by the optical anisotropic laminate 100. Therefore, the change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- the angle ⁇ is more preferably 60 ° ⁇ 5 °, further preferably 60 ° ⁇ 3 °. When the angle ⁇ is within this range, linearly polarized light in a wider wavelength range can be more effectively converted into circularly polarized light by the optical anisotropic laminate 100. Therefore, the change in color on the display surface can be further reduced.
- first optical anisotropic layer and second optical anisotropic layer examples include a resin, and among them, a thermoplastic resin is preferable.
- the material for forming the first optical anisotropic layer and the second optical anisotropic layer is a polymer having a negative intrinsic birefringence value even if it is a resin containing a polymer having a positive intrinsic birefringence value. Or a resin containing a polymer having a positive intrinsic birefringence value and a polymer having a negative intrinsic birefringence value.
- the polymer having a positive intrinsic birefringence value is not particularly limited.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate; polyarylene sulfides such as polyphenylene sulfide; polyvinyl alcohol; polycarbonates; Examples thereof include arylates; cellulose ester polymers, polyethersulfones; polysulfones; polyarylsulfones; polyvinyl chloride; cyclic olefin polymers such as norbornene polymers;
- the polymer having a negative intrinsic birefringence value is not particularly limited.
- the optional monomer that can be copolymerized with the styrene compound include acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, methyl methacrylate, and butadiene, and one kind selected from acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, methyl methacrylate, and butadiene. The above is preferable.
- the polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Moreover, the said polymer may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the second optically anisotropic layer can increase the refractive index in the thickness direction
- the second optically anisotropic layer preferably contains a resin containing a polymer having a negative intrinsic birefringence value, more preferably a polyphenylene ether and a syndiotactic structure.
- a layer made of a resin containing a polystyrene polymer having a polyphenylene ether and a syndiotactic structure may be referred to as “blend resin p1” as appropriate.
- the blend resin p1 can adjust the sign (positive and negative) of its intrinsic birefringence value according to the type and amount of the polymer contained in the blend resin p1. Usually, the blend resin p1 has a negative intrinsic birefringence value.
- the wavelength dispersion of the blend resin p1 can be adjusted with a high degree of freedom by adjusting the quantitative ratio between the polyphenylene ether and the polystyrene-based polymer.
- Polyphenylene ether is usually a polymer having a positive intrinsic birefringence value.
- This polyphenylene ether includes a structural unit having a structure formed by polymerizing phenyl ether or a phenyl ether derivative.
- a polymer having a structural unit having a phenylene ether skeleton in the main chain is used as polyphenylene ether.
- the “structural unit having a phenylene ether skeleton” is appropriately referred to as a “phenylene ether unit”.
- the benzene ring in the phenylene ether unit may have a substituent unless the effects of the present invention are significantly impaired.
- polystyrene resin a polymer containing a phenylene ether unit represented by the following formula (I) is preferable.
- each Q 1 independently represents a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group (for example, an alkyl group having 7 or less carbon atoms), a phenyl group, a haloalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, a hydrocarbonoxy group, or a halo.
- a hydrocarbon oxy group (wherein the halogen atom and the oxygen atom are separated by at least two carbon atoms).
- Q 1 is preferably an alkyl group or a phenyl group, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- each Q 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group (for example, an alkyl group having 7 or less carbon atoms), a phenyl group, a haloalkyl group, a hydrocarbon oxy group, or a halocarbon.
- a hydrogenoxy group (however, a group in which at least two carbon atoms are separated from the halogen atom and the oxygen atom). Among them, preferably a hydrogen atom Q 2.
- the polyphenylene ether may be a homopolymer having one type of structural unit or a copolymer having two or more types of structural units.
- the polymer containing the structural unit represented by the formula (I) is a homopolymer
- preferred examples of the homopolymer include 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units (“-( And a homopolymer having a structural unit represented by C 6 H 2 (CH 3 ) 2 —O) — ”.
- the polymer containing the structural unit represented by the formula (I) is a copolymer
- preferred examples of the copolymer include 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units and 2,3 , 6-trimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether unit (a structural unit represented by “— (C 6 H (CH 3 ) 3 —O —) —”).
- the polyphenylene ether may contain any structural unit other than the phenylene ether unit.
- the polyphenylene ether is a copolymer having a phenylene ether unit and an arbitrary structural unit.
- the amount of any structural unit in the polyphenylene ether is preferably reduced to such an extent that the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- the amount of phenylene ether units in the polyphenylene ether is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 80% by weight or more.
- Polyphenylene ether may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyphenylene ether is preferably 15,000 or more, more preferably 25,000 or more, particularly preferably 35,000 or more, preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 85,000 or less, particularly preferably. Is less than 70,000.
- strength of the layer which consists of blend resin p1 can be raised.
- the dispersibility of polyphenylene ether can be improved by making it below an upper limit, it becomes possible to mix polyphenylene ether and a polystyrene-type polymer uniformly at a high level.
- the weight average molecular weight may be a standard polystyrene equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at a temperature of 135 ° C. using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as a solvent.
- a polystyrene polymer having a syndiotactic structure is usually a polymer having a negative intrinsic birefringence value.
- This polystyrene polymer includes a structural unit formed by polymerizing a styrene compound.
- the “structural unit formed by polymerizing a styrene compound” is appropriately referred to as a “styrene unit”.
- styrene compounds include styrene and styrene derivatives.
- styrene derivatives include derivatives in which a substituent is substituted at the benzene ring or ⁇ -position of styrene.
- styrene compounds include styrene; alkyl styrene such as methyl styrene and 2,4-dimethyl styrene; halogenated styrene such as chlorostyrene; halogen-substituted alkyl styrene such as chloromethyl styrene; alkoxy styrene such as methoxy styrene. Is mentioned. Among them, styrene having no substituent is preferable as the styrene compound. Moreover, a styrene compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the polystyrene polymer contained in the blend resin p1 a polymer having a syndiotactic structure is used.
- the polystyrene polymer has a syndiotactic structure means that the stereochemical structure of the polystyrene polymer has a syndiotactic structure.
- the syndiotactic structure refers to a three-dimensional structure in which phenyl groups as side chains are alternately positioned in opposite directions in the Fischer projection formula with respect to a main chain formed of carbon-carbon bonds.
- the tacticity (stericity) of the polystyrene-based polymer can be quantified by an isotope carbon nuclear magnetic resonance method ( 13 C-NMR method).
- the tacticity measured by 13 C-NMR method can be shown by the abundance ratio of a plurality of continuous structural units. In general, for example, two continuous structural units are dyads, three are triads, and five are pentads.
- the polystyrene-based polymer having a syndiotactic structure preferably has a syndiotacticity of preferably 75% or more, more preferably 85% or more in racemic dyad, or preferably in racemic pentad. It means having a syndiotacticity of 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more.
- polystyrene polymers include polystyrene, poly (alkyl styrene), poly (halogenated styrene), poly (halogenated alkyl styrene), poly (alkoxy styrene), poly (vinyl benzoate), and hydrogens thereof. And a copolymer thereof.
- poly (alkyl styrene) examples include poly (methyl styrene), poly (ethyl styrene), poly (isopropyl styrene), poly (t-butyl styrene), poly (phenyl styrene), poly (vinyl naphthalene), and poly (Vinyl styrene).
- poly (halogenated styrene) include poly (chlorostyrene), poly (bromostyrene), and poly (fluorostyrene).
- poly (halogenated alkylstyrene) examples include poly (chloromethylstyrene).
- poly (alkoxystyrene) examples include poly (methoxystyrene) and poly (ethoxystyrene).
- polystyrene polymers are polystyrene, poly (p-methylstyrene), poly (m-methylstyrene), poly (pt-butylstyrene), poly (p-chlorostyrene), poly ( m-chlorostyrene), poly (p-fluorostyrene), hydrogenated polystyrene, and copolymers containing these structural units.
- the polystyrene polymer may be a homopolymer having only one type of structural unit, or may be a copolymer having two or more types of structural units.
- the polystyrene polymer may be a copolymer containing two or more types of styrene units, and it is a copolymer containing a styrene unit and a structural unit other than the styrene unit. There may be.
- the amount of the structural unit other than the styrene unit in the polystyrene polymer has the effect of the present invention. It is preferable to reduce it to such an extent that it is not significantly impaired.
- the amount of styrene units in the polystyrene-based polymer is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 83% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 85% by weight or more.
- a desired retardation can be easily expressed in the layer made of the blend resin p1.
- One type of polystyrene polymer may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination at any ratio.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polystyrene polymer is usually 130,000 or more, preferably 140,000 or more, more preferably 150,000 or more, and usually 300,000 or less, preferably 270,000 or less, more preferably 250. , 000 or less. With such a weight average molecular weight, the glass transition temperature of the polystyrene-based polymer can be increased, and the heat resistance of the layer made of the blend resin p1 can be stably improved.
- the glass transition temperature of the polystyrene-based polymer is preferably 85 ° C or higher, more preferably 90 ° C or higher, and particularly preferably 95 ° C or higher.
- the glass transition temperature of the blend resin p1 can be effectively increased, and as a result, the heat resistance of the layer made of the blend resin p1 can be stably improved.
- the glass transition temperature of the polystyrene polymer is preferably 160 ° C. or lower, more preferably 155 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably 150 ° C. or lower. is there.
- a polystyrene-based polymer having a syndiotactic structure can be produced by a known method, for example, a titanium compound and a condensation product of water and a trialkylaluminum in an inert hydrocarbon solvent or in the absence of a solvent. Can be produced by polymerizing a styrene compound.
- the polyphenylene ether and the polystyrene-based polymer contained in the blend resin p1 are (i) different from each other in wavelength dispersion, (ii) have different signs of intrinsic birefringence values, and (iii) are compatible. Therefore, the wavelength dispersion of the layer made of the blend resin p1 can be adjusted by adjusting the weight ratio between the amount of polyphenylene ether and the amount of polystyrene polymer.
- the weight ratio of polyphenylene ether to polystyrene polymer (“amount of polyphenylene ether” / “amount of polystyrene polymer”) is preferably 35/65 or more, more preferably 37/63 or more, preferably 45/55 or less, more preferably 43/57 or less.
- the proportion of the total of the polyphenylene ether and the polystyrene-based polymer in the blend resin p1 is preferably 50% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, and particularly preferably 90% by weight to 100% by weight. is there.
- the layer made of the blend resin p1 can exhibit appropriate optical characteristics.
- the blend resin p1 can contain any component other than polyphenylene ether and polystyrene-based polymer.
- the blend resin p1 may contain a polymer in addition to the above-described polyphenylene ether and polystyrene polymer.
- the amount of the polymer other than polyphenylene ether and polystyrene polymer is preferably 15 parts by weight or less, more preferably 10 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 5 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of polyphenylene ether and polystyrene polymer. Is particularly preferred.
- the blend resin p1 may contain a compounding agent.
- compounding agents are layered crystal compounds; fine particles; antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, weathering stabilizers, UV absorbers, near infrared absorbers and other stabilizers; plasticizers: dyes and pigments, etc. Colorants; antistatic agents; and the like.
- a compounding agent may use one type and may use it combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the amount of the compounding agent can be appropriately determined as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. For example, it is a range in which the total light transmittance of the layer made of the blend resin p1 can be maintained at 85% or more.
- an ultraviolet absorber is preferable in that the weather resistance can be improved.
- ultraviolet absorbers include oxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers, benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers, acrylonitrile ultraviolet absorbers, triazine compounds, nickel complex compounds. And inorganic powders.
- UV absorbers examples include 2,2′-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6- (5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl) phenol 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,2 ′, 4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, and 2,2′-methylenebis (4- ( 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol.
- the glass transition temperature of the blend resin p1 is preferably 115 ° C. or higher, more preferably 118 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 120 ° C. or higher. Since the blend resin p1 contains a combination of polyphenylene ether and polystyrene polymer, the glass transition temperature can be increased as compared with a resin containing only a polystyrene polymer. Since the glass transition temperature is so high, the relaxation of the orientation of the blend resin p1 can be reduced, so that a second optical anisotropic layer having excellent heat resistance can be realized. Moreover, although there is no restriction
- first optically anisotropic layer and the second optically anisotropic layer are easy to increase in area and can be efficiently produced, from a stretched film obtained by stretching a stretched film made of resin. Preferably it is manufactured.
- Each of the first optical anisotropic layer and the second optical anisotropic layer may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure including two or more layers.
- each of the first optical anisotropic layer and the second optical anisotropic layer has a single layer structure.
- the optical characteristics of the first optical anisotropic layer and the second optical anisotropic layer can be changed, for example, by changing the type of resin contained in the layer, or by changing the proportion of structural units of the polymer contained in the resin. It can be adjusted by changing the stretching conditions of the film before stretching.
- the slow axis direction indicating the maximum refractive index in the plane of the first optically anisotropic layer can be arbitrarily set according to the use of the optically anisotropic laminate.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the first optically anisotropic layer and the width direction of the optically anisotropic laminate is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °. It is preferable.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the first optically anisotropic layer and the width direction of the optically anisotropic laminate is preferably 15 ° ⁇ 5 °, 22.5 ° ⁇ 5 °, 45 ° ⁇ 5 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ 5 °, or 75 ° ⁇ 5 °, more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 4 °, 22.5 ° ⁇ 4 °, 45 ° ⁇ 4 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ 4 ° Or a specific range such as 75 ° ⁇ 4 °, even more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 3 °, 22.5 ° ⁇ 3 °, 45 ° ⁇ 3 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ 3 °, or 75 ° ⁇ 3 ° It can be.
- the optically anisotropic laminate can be made a material that enables efficient production of a circularly polarizing plate.
- the slow axis direction indicating the maximum refractive index in the plane of the second optically anisotropic layer can be arbitrarily set according to the use of the optically anisotropic laminate.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the second optically anisotropic layer and the width direction of the optically anisotropic laminate is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °. It is preferable.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the second optically anisotropic layer and the width direction of the optically anisotropic laminate is preferably 15 ° ⁇ 5 °, 22.5 ° ⁇ 5 °, 45 ° ⁇ 5 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ 5 °, or 75 ° ⁇ 5 °, more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 4 °, 22.5 ° ⁇ 4 °, 45 ° ⁇ 4 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ 4 ° Or a specific range such as 75 ° ⁇ 4 °, even more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 3 °, 22.5 ° ⁇ 3 °, 45 ° ⁇ 3 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ 3 °, or 75 ° ⁇ 3 ° It can be.
- the optically anisotropic laminate can be made a material that enables efficient production of a circularly polarizing plate.
- the thicknesses of the first optical anisotropic layer and the second optical anisotropic layer are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted so that the optical characteristics of each layer can be within a desired range.
- the specific thickness of the first optically anisotropic layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the specific thickness of the second optically anisotropic layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 60 ⁇ m or less.
- optically anisotropic laminate of the present invention can contain any layer other than the first optically anisotropic layer and the second optically anisotropic layer. Although it does not specifically limit as an arbitrary layer which the optically anisotropic laminated body of this invention can contain, For example, an adhesive bond layer and a hard-coat layer are mentioned.
- the optically anisotropic laminate may contain only one of these arbitrary layers or a plurality of layers.
- the optically anisotropic laminated body can be manufactured by a manufacturing method including bonding the first optically anisotropic layer and the second optically anisotropic layer.
- An appropriate adhesive may be used for bonding the first optical anisotropic layer and the second optical anisotropic layer.
- the adhesive it is preferable to use the same adhesive as that used in the circularly polarizing plate described later.
- the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention includes a polarizer and an optically anisotropic laminate.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a circularly polarizing plate according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the circularly polarizing plate 200 includes a polarizer 210 and an optically anisotropic laminate 100.
- the circularly polarizing plate 200 includes a polarizer 210, a first optical anisotropic layer 110, and a second optical anisotropic layer 120 in this order.
- the polarizer 210 a known polarizer used in devices such as a liquid crystal display device and other optical devices can be used.
- the polarizer 210 include a polarizer having a function of separating polarized light into reflected light and transmitted light, such as a grid polarizer, a multilayer polarizer, and a cholesteric liquid crystal polarizer. Of these, the polarizer 210 is preferably a polarizer containing polyvinyl alcohol.
- the polarizer 210 may be a long film.
- the polarization absorption axis of the polarizer 210 is parallel or perpendicular to the width direction of the polarizer 210.
- Such a long polarizer 210 can be bonded to the above-described optically anisotropic laminate 100 by roll-to-roll to easily manufacture a long circularly polarizing plate 200.
- the polarization degree of this polarizer 210 is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 98% or more, More preferably, it is 99% or more.
- the thickness of the polarizer 210 is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a circularly polarizing plate 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a polarization absorption axis direction D P of the polarizer 210 the angle slow the axial direction D H is the first optically anisotropic layer 110 in the plane, expressed by symbol " ⁇ 1”
- a polarization absorption axis direction D P of the polarizer 210 the angle slow the axial direction D Q is in the second optically anisotropic layer 120 in the plane, expressed by symbol " ⁇ 2".
- ⁇ 90 ° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 90 ° and ⁇ 90 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 90 ° the angle slow the axial direction D H is the first optically anisotropic layer 110 in the plane, expressed by symbol " ⁇ 1"
- a polarization absorption axis direction D P of the polarizer 210 the angle slow the axial direction D Q is in the second optically anisotropic layer 120 in the plane, expressed by symbol " ⁇ 2”.
- the slow axis direction D P is a direction showing a maximum refractive index nx1 in the first optically anisotropic layer 110 in the plane slow axis direction D Q, the surface of the second optical anisotropic layer 120 It is a direction which shows the maximum refractive index nx2 in the inside.
- angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 have the same sign, and satisfy the following expressions (9) and (10).
- 15 ° ⁇ 5 ° (9)
- 75 ° ⁇ 10 ° (10)
- the equation (9) will be described in detail.
- of the angle ⁇ 1 is usually 15 ° ⁇ 5 °, preferably 15 ° ⁇ 3 °, more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 1 °.
- the equation (10) will be described in detail.
- of the angle ⁇ 2 is usually 75 ° ⁇ 10 °, preferably 75 ° ⁇ 6 °, more preferably 75 ° ⁇ 2 °.
- angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 have the same sign, and satisfy the following expressions (11) and (12).
- 75 ° ⁇ 5 ° (11)
- 15 ° ⁇ 10 ° (12)
- the equation (11) will be described in detail.
- of the angle ⁇ 1 is usually 75 ° ⁇ 5 °, preferably 75 ° ⁇ 3 °, more preferably 75 ° ⁇ 2 °.
- the equation (12) will be described in detail.
- of the angle ⁇ 2 is usually 15 ° ⁇ 10 °, preferably 15 ° ⁇ 6 °, more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 1 °.
- the in-plane optical axis (slow axis, polarization transmission axis, polarization absorption axis, etc.) direction and geometric direction (film longitudinal direction, width direction, etc.) Is defined as a positive shift in one direction and a negative shift in the other direction, and the positive and negative directions are defined in common in the components in the product.
- the slow axis direction of the first optical anisotropic layer relative to the polarization absorption axis direction of the polarizer is 15 °
- the second optical anisotropic layer direction relative to the polarization absorption axis direction of the polarizer is “The slow axis direction is 75 °”
- the slow axis direction of the first optical anisotropic layer is shifted 15 ° clockwise from the polarization absorption axis direction of the polarizer
- the second optical The slow axis direction of the anisotropic layer is shifted by 75 ° clockwise from the polarization absorption axis direction of the polarizer.
- the slow axis direction of the first optically anisotropic layer is shifted 15 ° counterclockwise from the polarization absorption axis direction of the polarizer, and the second The slow axis direction of the optically anisotropic layer is shifted by 75 ° counterclockwise from the polarization absorption axis direction of the polarizer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 200 may further include an adhesive layer (not shown) for bonding the polarizer 210 and the optically anisotropic laminate 100 together.
- an adhesive layer a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be used, but a layer obtained by curing a curable adhesive is preferably used.
- a thermosetting adhesive may be used as the curable adhesive, but a photocurable adhesive is preferably used.
- a photocurable adhesive what contains a polymer or a reactive monomer can be used. Further, the adhesive may contain one or more of a solvent, a photopolymerization initiator, other additives and the like as necessary.
- the photocurable adhesive is an adhesive that can be cured when irradiated with light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light.
- light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light.
- an adhesive that can be cured with ultraviolet rays is preferable because of its simple operation.
- the photocurable adhesive contains 50% by weight or more of a (meth) acrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group.
- a (meth) acrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group when the phrase “adhesive contains a monomer in a certain ratio”, the ratio of the monomer means that the monomer exists as a monomer, the monomer already It is the ratio of the sum of both of those polymerized to form part of the polymer.
- Examples of (meth) acrylate monomers having a hydroxyl group include 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) ) Acrylates, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio. The content when used in combination is a total ratio.
- Examples of the monomer other than the (meth) acrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group that can be contained in the photocurable adhesive include (meth) acrylate monomer having no monofunctional or polyfunctional hydroxyl group, and one or more per molecule The compound containing the epoxy group of this is mentioned.
- the adhesive may further contain an optional component as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- optional components include a photopolymerization initiator, a crosslinking agent, an inorganic filler, a polymerization inhibitor, a color pigment, a dye, an antifoaming agent, a leveling agent, a dispersant, a light diffusing agent, a plasticizer, an antistatic agent, and an interface.
- An activator, a non-reactive polymer (inactive polymer), a viscosity modifier, a near-infrared absorber, etc. are mentioned. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination at any ratio.
- Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include a radical initiator and a cationic initiator.
- Examples of the cationic initiator include Irgacure 250 (diallyliodonium salt, manufactured by BASF).
- Examples of the radical initiator include Irgacure 184, Irgacure 819, Irgacure 2959 (all manufactured by BASF).
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the circularly polarizing plate 200 can further include an arbitrary layer.
- a polarizer protective film layer (not shown) is mentioned, for example. Any transparent film layer can be used as the polarizer protective film layer.
- a resin film layer excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture shielding properties and the like is preferable.
- resins include acetate resins such as triacetyl cellulose, polyester resins, polyethersulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, chain olefin resins, cyclic olefin resins, (meth) acrylic resins, and the like.
- examples of the optional layer that the circularly polarizing plate 200 can include include a hard coat layer such as an impact-resistant polymethacrylate resin layer, a mat layer that improves the slipperiness of the film, an antireflection layer, and an antifouling layer. It is done.
- a hard coat layer such as an impact-resistant polymethacrylate resin layer
- a mat layer that improves the slipperiness of the film
- an antireflection layer an antifouling layer. It is done.
- Each of the above layers may be provided with only one layer or two or more layers.
- the circularly polarizing plate 200 can be manufactured by a manufacturing method including bonding the polarizer 210 and the optically anisotropic laminated body 100 together.
- the image display device of the present invention includes an image display element and the above-described circularly polarizing plate.
- the circularly polarizing plate is usually provided on the viewing side of the image display element.
- the direction of the circularly polarizing plate can be arbitrarily set according to the use of the circularly polarizing plate. Therefore, the image display apparatus may include the optically anisotropic laminate, the polarizer, and the image display element in this order.
- the image display device may include a polarizer, an optically anisotropic laminate, and an image display element in this order.
- image display devices There are various types of image display devices depending on the type of image display element. Typical examples include a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal cell as an image display element, and an organic electroluminescence element as an image display element. (Hereinafter, it may be referred to as “organic EL element” as appropriate).
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a liquid crystal display device 300 as an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 includes a light source 310; a light source side linear polarizer 320; a liquid crystal cell 330 as an image display element; a polarizer 210 as a viewing side linear polarizer;
- the optically anisotropic laminate 100 including the conductive layer 110 and the second optically anisotropic layer 120 is provided in this order.
- the liquid crystal cell 330 may be, for example, in-plane switching (IPS) mode, vertical alignment (VA) mode, multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) mode, continuous spin wheel alignment (CPA) mode, hybrid alignment nematic (HAN) mode, twisted.
- IPS in-plane switching
- VA vertical alignment
- MVA multi-domain vertical alignment
- CPA continuous spin wheel alignment
- HAN hybrid alignment nematic
- a liquid crystal cell of any mode such as a nematic (TN) mode, a super twisted nematic (STN) mode, or an optically compensated bend (OCB) mode can be used.
- an image is displayed by light emitted from the light source 310 and passed through the light source side linear polarizer 320, the liquid crystal cell 330, the polarizer 210, and the optically anisotropic laminate 100. Therefore, the light for displaying an image is linearly polarized when it passes through the polarizer 210, but is converted into circularly polarized light by passing through the optically anisotropic laminate 100. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device 300, an image is displayed by circularly polarized light. Therefore, when the display surface 300U is viewed through polarized sunglasses, the image can be visually recognized.
- the optical anisotropic laminate 100 can convert light for displaying an image into ideal circularly polarized light in a wide wavelength range and emit the light in the front direction and the tilt direction of the display surface. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device 300 according to the present embodiment, the change in the color of the display surface 300U that occurs when the display surface 300U is rotated while observing through the polarized sunglasses from the front direction or the tilt direction of the display surface 300U is reduced. can do.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an organic EL display device 400 as an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the organic EL display device 400 includes an organic EL element 410 as an image display element; an optical anisotropic laminate 100 including a second optical anisotropic layer 120 and a first optical anisotropic layer 110. As well as a polarizer 210 in this order.
- the organic EL element 410 includes a transparent electrode layer, a light emitting layer, and an electrode layer in this order, and the light emitting layer can generate light when voltage is applied from the transparent electrode layer and the electrode layer.
- the material constituting the organic light emitting layer include polyparaphenylene vinylene-based, polyfluorene-based, and polyvinyl carbazole-based materials.
- the light emitting layer may have a stack of layers having different emission colors or a mixed layer in which a different dye is doped in a certain dye layer.
- the organic EL element 410 may include functional layers such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, an equipotential surface forming layer, and a charge generation layer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 200 including the optically anisotropic laminate 100 and the polarizer 210 causes reflection of external light when viewed from the front direction or the tilt direction of the display surface 400U.
- the glare of the display surface 400U can be suppressed.
- only a part of the linearly polarized light passes through the polarizer 210 and then passes through the optically anisotropic laminate 100, and becomes circularly polarized light.
- Circularly polarized light is reflected by a component (such as a reflective electrode (not shown) in the organic EL element 410) that reflects light in the display device, and enters the optically anisotropic laminated body 100 again to enter.
- the linearly polarized light has a vibration direction orthogonal to the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light and does not pass through the polarizer 210. Thereby, the function of reflection suppression is achieved.
- the first optical anisotropic layer 110 and the second optical anisotropic layer 120 included in the optical anisotropic laminate 100 satisfy the above-described requirements.
- the function of suppressing reflection can be effectively exhibited in a wide wavelength range and in observation from the front direction and the tilt direction of the display surface. Therefore, in the organic EL display device 400, reflection of external light in the front direction and the tilt direction of the display surface 400U of the organic EL display device 400 can be effectively suppressed, and excellent visibility can be realized.
- the size of the glass plate was 75 mm ⁇ 25 mm, the glass plate was bonded so that the long side of the glass plate and the long side of the sample piece were parallel, and the excess part of the sample piece protruding from the glass plate was cut off with a cutter. . Thereby, a retardation plate for measurement having a layer configuration of (glass plate) / (adhesive layer) / (optically anisotropic layer) was obtained.
- in-plane retardations Re (450), Re (550), Re (590), Re (650) of the optically anisotropic layer at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, 590 nm, and 650 nm. ), Rth at a wavelength of 590 nm, and the slow axis direction were measured using a phase difference measuring apparatus (“AxoScan” manufactured by AXOMETRIICS).
- AxoScan manufactured by AXOMETRIICS.
- the values of Re (450) / Re (550) and Re (650) / Re (550) of the optically anisotropic layer and the NZ coefficient at a wavelength of 590 nm were determined. Further, the angle formed by the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer with respect to the film width direction was determined.
- an image display device obtained by bonding the surface on the first optical anisotropic layer side of the optically anisotropic laminate to the display surface of a commercially available liquid crystal display device was set.
- a liquid crystal display device (“iPad Air (registered trademark)” manufactured by Apple) including a light source, a light source side linear polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a viewing side linear polarizer in this order was employed.
- the pasting is performed in the thickness direction, with respect to the polarization absorption axis of the viewing-side linear polarizer, the slow axis of the first optical anisotropic layer and the second optical anisotropic layer of the optically anisotropic laminate.
- This image display device includes, from the viewing side, a second optical anisotropic layer, a first optical anisotropic layer, a viewing side linear polarizer, and a liquid crystal cell as an image display element in this order.
- FIG. 7 is set when calculating the change in brightness ( ⁇ L * ) and the change in hue ( ⁇ a * , ⁇ b * ) in the L * a * b * color system in the simulations of the examples and comparative examples. It is a perspective view which shows an evaluation model typically.
- a line segment 22 parallel to the polarization absorption axis 21 of the polarized sunglasses 20 is indicated by a one-dot chain line on the display surface 10 of the image display device.
- An axis 23 perpendicular to the display surface 10 of the image display device is indicated by a chain line.
- the image display device was displayed in white, and the brightness (L * ) and hue (a * , b * ) of the image seen through the polarized sunglasses 20 were calculated.
- An ideal polarizing film was set as the polarizing sunglasses 20.
- the ideal polarizing film refers to a film that transmits all linearly polarized light having a vibration direction parallel to a certain direction but does not allow linearly polarized light having a vibration direction perpendicular to that direction to pass through at all.
- the lightness (L * ) and hue (a * , b * ) were calculated.
- the display surface 10 is rotated around the axis 23, and the azimuth angle ⁇ formed by the polarization absorption axis 21 of the polarized sunglasses 20 with respect to the reference direction 11 is in increments of 5 ° within a range of 0 ° to less than 360 °. I went for a number of cases that I changed.
- white display image data that can be seen without passing through the polarized sunglasses 20 was set to white.
- the image display devices for evaluation obtained in the following examples and comparative examples were displayed in white, and the display surface was visually observed through polarized sunglasses from the front direction (polar angle 0 °) of the display surface. During this observation, the image display device was rotated once about a rotation axis perpendicular to the display surface. Then, whether the observed image has a change in brightness / hue according to the rotation angle was evaluated based on an evaluation criterion of five levels (A, B, C, D, E). The evaluation A has the smallest color change according to the rotation angle, and the evaluation E has the largest color change according to the rotation angle.
- the observation direction was observed and evaluated in the same manner as above except that the observation direction was changed from the front direction of the display surface (polar angle 0 °) to the tilt direction of the display surface (polar angle 45 °).
- comprehensive evaluation is performed according to the following method. It was.
- Resin R1 has a positive intrinsic birefringence value.
- Process B Production of film before stretching
- the obtained polycarbonate resin R1 is vacuum-dried at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, and then formed into a film using a film-forming apparatus equipped with a single-screw extruder, a T-die, a chill roll, and a winder before long stretching. A film was obtained.
- the thickness of the pre-stretched film was adjusted in the range of 170 to 230 ⁇ m so that ⁇ / 2 plate H1 having physical properties as shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3 below could be obtained.
- Processcess C Production of ⁇ / 2 plate
- the obtained pre-stretched film was vacuum-dried at 100 ° C.
- a ⁇ / 2 plate H1 having physical properties as shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3 below can be obtained.
- the retardation film was obtained by adjusting.
- step B the thickness of the film before stretching is adjusted in the range of 170 to 230 ⁇ m so as to obtain a ⁇ / 2 plate H2 having physical properties as shown in Table 2 below.
- ⁇ / 2 plate H2 having physical properties as shown in Table 2 below was obtained in the range of 127 to 177 ° C. and draw ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 times Thus, a ⁇ / 2 plate H2 was obtained.
- step B the thickness of the film before stretching is adjusted in the range of 170 to 230 ⁇ m so that a ⁇ / 2 plate H3 having physical properties as shown in Table 2 below is obtained.
- ⁇ / 2 plate H3 having physical properties as shown in Table 2 below was obtained in the range of 127 to 177 ° C. and draw ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 times Thus, a ⁇ / 2 plate H3 was obtained.
- step B the thickness of the film before stretching is adjusted in the range of 170 to 230 ⁇ m so that a ⁇ / 2 plate H4 having physical properties as shown in Table 2 below is obtained.
- ⁇ / 2 plate H4 having physical properties as shown in Table 2 below was obtained in the range of 127 to 177 ° C. and draw ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 times Thus, a ⁇ / 2 plate H4 was obtained.
- Step B the thickness of the film before stretching is adjusted in the range of 70 to 130 ⁇ m so that a ⁇ / 4 plate QC1 having physical properties as shown in Table 3 below can be obtained.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate QC1 having physical properties as shown in Table 3 below was adjusted within the range of 127 to 177 ° C. and the draw ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 times.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate QC1 was obtained.
- a film forming apparatus for two-layer / two-layer coextrusion molding (a molding apparatus capable of molding a two-layer film with two kinds of resins) equipped with a single-screw extruder equipped with a double flight type screw was prepared. .
- the resin R2 pellets were charged into one uniaxial extruder of the film forming apparatus and melted.
- pellets of impact resistant polymethyl methacrylate resin R3 (“Sumipex (registered trademark) HT55X” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) were charged into the other single screw extruder of the film forming apparatus and melted.
- the molten resin R2 at 290 ° C. was supplied to one manifold of a multi-manifold die (die slip surface roughness Ra: 0.1 ⁇ m) through a leaf disk-shaped polymer filter with an opening of 10 ⁇ m. Further, the melted resin R3 at 260 ° C. was supplied to the other manifold of the multi-manifold die through a leaf disk-shaped polymer filter having an opening of 10 ⁇ m.
- Resin R2 and Resin R3 were simultaneously extruded from a multi-manifold die at 280 ° C. to form a film.
- the formed molten resin in the form of a film was cast on a cast roll adjusted to a surface temperature of 110 ° C., and then passed between two cooling rolls adjusted to a surface temperature of 50 ° C.
- the resin was cooled and solidified on a cast roll to obtain a pre-stretch film including a layer made of resin R2 and a layer made of resin R3.
- the thickness of the pre-stretched film including the layer made of the resin R2 (thickness 50 to 100 ⁇ m) and the layer made of the resin R3 (thickness 50 to 100 ⁇ m) is obtained. Adjustment was made so that a ⁇ / 4 plate Q1 having physical properties as shown in Table 1 below was obtained in a thickness range of 100 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the stretching conditions were adjusted so that a ⁇ / 4 plate Q2 having physical properties as shown in Table 1 below could be obtained within a range of a stretching temperature of 134 ° C. to 148 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 1.5 to 3.5 times.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate Q3 made of resin R2 was produced.
- the stretching conditions are as shown in Table 1 below in the range of a stretching temperature of 134 ° C. to 148 ° C., a longitudinal stretching ratio of 1.1 to 1.5 times, and a transverse stretching ratio of 1.5 to 3.5 times. Of ⁇ / 4 plate Q3 was adjusted.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate Q4 made of resin R2 was produced.
- the stretching conditions are as shown in Table 1 below in the range of a stretching temperature of 134 ° C. to 148 ° C., a stretching ratio of 1.3 to 1.7 times in the machine direction, and a stretching ratio of 1.7 to 3.7 times in the transverse direction.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate Q4 was adjusted.
- the stretching conditions are as shown in Table 2 below in the range of a stretching temperature of 134 ° C. to 148 ° C., a longitudinal stretching ratio of 1.5 to 2.0 times, and a transverse stretching ratio of 2.0 to 4.0 times. Of ⁇ / 4 plate Q5 was adjusted.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate Q6 made of resin R2 was produced.
- the stretching conditions are as shown in Table 2 below in the range of a stretching temperature of 134 ° C. to 148 ° C., a longitudinal stretching ratio of 1.1 to 1.5 times, and a transverse stretching ratio of 1.5 to 3.5 times.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate Q6 was adjusted.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate Q7 made of the resin R2 was peeled off.
- the stretching conditions are as shown in Table 2 below in the range of a stretching temperature of 134 ° C. to 148 ° C., a longitudinal stretching ratio of 1.1 to 1.5 times, and a transverse stretching ratio of 1.5 to 3.5 times.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate Q7 was adjusted.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate Q8 made of the resin R2 was peeled off.
- the stretching conditions are as shown in Table 2 below in the range of a stretching temperature of 134 ° C. to 148 ° C., a longitudinal stretching ratio of 1.1 to 1.5 times, and a transverse stretching ratio of 1.5 to 3.5 times. Of ⁇ / 4 plate Q8 was adjusted.
- the formed molten resin in the form of a film was cast on a cast roll adjusted to a surface temperature of 110 ° C., and then passed between two cooling rolls adjusted to a surface temperature of 50 ° C. The resin was cooled and solidified on a cast roll to obtain a film before stretching. At this time, the thickness of the film before stretching was adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the cast roll so that a ⁇ / 2 plate HC2 having physical properties as shown in Table 3 below could be obtained in the thickness range of 80 to 120 ⁇ m.
- Step A by adjusting the rotation speed of the cast roll, the thickness of the film before stretching was adjusted so that a ⁇ / 4 plate QC2 having physical properties as shown in Table 3 below was obtained in the thickness range of 30 to 70 ⁇ m.
- a film before stretching was obtained.
- the obtained film before stretching was freely uniaxially stretched to obtain a ⁇ / 4 plate QC2.
- ⁇ / 4 plate QC2 having physical properties as shown in Table 3 below is obtained when the uniaxial stretching conditions are a stretching temperature: 140 to 150 ° C. and a stretching ratio: 1.4 to 1.8 times. It was adjusted.
- Examples and Comparative Examples Using the evaluation model for simulation provided with the ⁇ / 2 plate as the first optical anisotropic layer and the ⁇ / 4 plate as the second optical anisotropic layer as in the following examples and comparative examples, The amount of change in brightness and hue by simulation was calculated by the method. In addition, as shown in the following Examples and Comparative Examples, an image display device was manufactured, and the color change of the image was visually evaluated by the above method.
- Example 1 As an adhesive layer, an optical transparent adhesive sheet (“LUCIACS (registered trademark) CS9621T” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) was prepared. Using this pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet, the ⁇ / 2 plate H1 obtained in Production Example 1-1 and the ⁇ / 4 plate Q1 obtained in Production Example 2-1 were combined with the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 plate H1 and ⁇ / 4. The plates were bonded together so that the slow axis of the plate Q1 forms an angle of 60 ° to obtain an optically anisotropic laminate.
- LCIACS registered trademark
- CS9621T manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation
- a liquid crystal display device (“iPad (registered trademark)” manufactured by Apple) provided with a light source, a light source side linear polarizer, an IPS mode liquid crystal cell as an image display element, and a viewing side linear polarizer in this order was prepared.
- the display surface portion of the liquid crystal display device was disassembled to expose the viewing-side linear polarizer of the liquid crystal display device.
- the surface on the ⁇ / 2 plate side of the optically anisotropic laminate (that is, the surface on the first optically anisotropic layer side) was bonded to the exposed viewing-side linear polarizer using a hand-bonded roller.
- the bonding was performed via an adhesive layer (“LUCIACS (registered trademark) CS9621T” manufactured by Nitto Denko).
- the bonding is performed in the thickness direction of the first optically anisotropic layer and the slow axis of the first optically anisotropic layer with respect to the polarization absorption axis of the viewing-side linear polarizer of the liquid crystal display device.
- the angle formed by the slow axis was 15.0 ° and 75.0 °, respectively.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate as the second optical anisotropic layer, a ⁇ / 2 plate as the first optical anisotropy, a polarizer, and a liquid crystal cell as an image display element are provided in this order.
- An image display device was obtained.
- the image display device includes a circularly polarizing plate including a polarizer, a ⁇ / 2 plate as a first optical anisotropic layer, and a ⁇ / 4 plate as a second optical anisotropic layer in this order.
- Example 2 An image display including an optically anisotropic laminate and a circularly polarizing plate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ / 4 plate Q2 obtained in Production Example 2-2 was used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate Q1. Got the device.
- Example 3 An image display including an optically anisotropic laminate and a circularly polarizing plate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ / 4 plate Q3 obtained in Production Example 2-3 was used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate Q1. Got the device.
- Example 4 An image including the optically anisotropic laminate 4 and the circularly polarizing plate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ / 4 plate Q4 obtained in Production Example 2-4 was used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate Q1. A display device was obtained.
- Example 5 An image display including an optically anisotropic laminate and a circularly polarizing plate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ / 4 plate Q5 obtained in Production Example 2-5 is used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate Q1. Got the device.
- Example 6 The ⁇ / 2 plate H2 obtained in Production Example 1-2 was used instead of the ⁇ / 2 plate H1, and the ⁇ / 4 plate Q6 obtained in Production Example 2-6 was used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate Q1. In the same manner as in Example 1, an image display device including an optically anisotropic laminate and a circularly polarizing plate was obtained.
- Example 7 The ⁇ / 2 plate H3 obtained in Production Example 1-3 was used instead of the ⁇ / 2 plate H1, and the ⁇ / 4 plate Q7 obtained in Production Example 2-7 was used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate Q1. In the same manner as in Example 1, an image display device including an optically anisotropic laminate and a circularly polarizing plate was obtained.
- Example 8 The ⁇ / 2 plate H4 obtained in Production Example 1-4 was used instead of the ⁇ / 2 plate H1, and the ⁇ / 4 plate Q8 obtained in Production Example 2-8 was used instead of the ⁇ / 4 plate Q1. In the same manner as in Example 1, an image display device including an optically anisotropic laminate and a circularly polarizing plate was obtained.
- Table 1 Table 2, and Table 3 show the configurations of the image display devices of Examples 1 to 4, Examples 5 to 8, and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, respectively. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
- SPSPPE means a blend resin containing syndiotactic polystyrene and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)
- COP means a cycloolefin resin.
- ⁇ 1 means an angle formed between the polarization absorption axis direction of the polarizer and the direction (slow axis direction) indicating the maximum refractive index nx1 in the plane of the ⁇ / 2 plate as the first optical anisotropic layer.
- the image display devices of Examples 1 to 8 have a higher overall evaluation than the comparative example, and the change in the color of the display surface is reduced.
- the image display devices of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the ⁇ / 4 plate as the second optically anisotropic layer does not satisfy the formula (8) the color in the observation from the tilt direction (polar angle 45 °) It can be seen that the change in is large compared to the example. Further, the ⁇ / 2 plate as the first optically anisotropic layer does not satisfy the expressions (2) and (3), and the ⁇ / 4 plate as the second optically anisotropic layer has the expression (6).
- fill (7) has a big change of the color in the observation from a front direction (polar angle 0 degree) and an inclination direction (polar angle 45 degrees) compared with an Example.
- the optically anisotropic laminate, circularly polarizing plate, and image display device of the present invention occur when the display surface is rotated while observing through polarized sunglasses from the front direction or the tilt direction of the display surface. It can be seen that the change in color can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
1/4波長板は、全ての波長において1/4波長板として機能することが理想である。しかし、実際には従来の高分子化合物延伸フィルムは、一般に波長が長いほど面内レターデーションが小さくなるという順波長分散性を示すため、波長によっては1/4波長板として機能しない場合がある。したがって、1/4波長板として順波長分散性を有するフィルムを用いた場合、円偏光板を透過する直線偏光は、直線偏光の波長によっては、理想的な円偏光に変換されず楕円偏光に変換される。その結果、円偏光板を備えた画像表示装置の表示面を、偏光サングラスを通して表示面の正面方向から観察しつつ、表示面を表示面と同一面内で回転させると、画像の色味が変化してしまう場合があった。
本発明者は、波長が長いほど面内レターデーションが大きくなるという逆波長分散性を示す1/2波長板と、逆波長分散性を示す1/4波長板とを積層することで、広い波長範囲において1/4波長板として機能しうる広帯域1/4波長板が得られることを見出し、この広帯域1/4波長板を備えた円偏光板により、画像の色味の変化が大幅に低減できることを見出した。
しかし、このような広帯域1/4波長板を備えた円偏光板を用いても、画像表示装置の表示面の傾斜方向から観察しつつ、表示面を表示面と同一面内で回転させると画像の色味が変化する場合があった。
本発明は、上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであって、画像表示装置を表示面の正面方向又は傾斜方向から偏光サングラスを通して観察しつつ表示面を回転させた場合に生じる、色味の変化を低減することができる光学異方性積層体;並びに、前記の光学異方性積層体を備えた、円偏光板及び画像表示装置を提供することを目的とする。
すなわち、本発明は下記の通りである。
前記第1光学異方性層は、下記式(1)、式(2)、式(3)、及び式(4)を満たし、
前記第2光学異方性層は、下記式(5)、式(6)、式(7)、及び式(8)を満たす、光学異方性積層体。
220nm<Re1(590)<330nm (1)
Re1(450)/Re1(550)≦1.0 (2)
Re1(650)/Re1(550)≧1.0 (3)
0.95<NZ1<2.00 (4)
110nm<Re2(590)<165nm (5)
Re2(450)/Re2(550)≦1.0 (6)
Re2(650)/Re2(550)≧1.0 (7)
-1.5≦NZ2≦0.00 (8)
ただし、
Re1(450)、Re1(550)、Re1(590)、及びRe1(650)は、波長450nm、550nm、590nm、及び650nmにおける第1光学異方性層の面内レターデーションReをそれぞれ表し、
NZ1は波長590nmにおける第1光学異方性層のNZ係数を表し、
Re2(450)、Re2(550)、Re2(590)、及びRe2(650)は、波長450nm、550nm、590nm、及び650nmにおける第2光学異方性層の面内レターデーションReをそれぞれ表し、
NZ2は波長590nmにおける第2光学異方性層のNZ係数を表す。
[2] 前記第1光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向と、前記第2光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向とがなす角度が、60°±10°である、[1]に記載の光学異方性積層体。
[3] 前記第2光学異方性層が、ポリフェニレンエーテル及びシンジオタクチック構造を有するポリスチレン系重合体を含む樹脂からなる層を含む、[1]又は[2]に記載の光学異方性積層体。
[4] ポリフェニレンエーテルの、シンジオタクチック構造を有するポリスチレン系重合体に対する重量比率が、35/65以上45/55以下である、[3]に記載の光学異方性積層体。
[5] 偏光子と、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の光学異方性積層体とを含み、
前記偏光子、前記第1光学異方性層、及び前記第2光学異方性層を、この順で備える、円偏光板。
[6] 前記偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、前記第1光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向とがなす角度θ1が、下記式(9)を満たし、
前記偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、前記第2光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向とがなす角度θ2が、下記式(10)を満たす、[5]に記載の円偏光板。
|θ1|=15°±5° (9)
|θ2|=75°±10° (10)
ただし、θ1とθ2とは同符号である。
[7] 前記偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、前記第1光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向とがなす角度θ1が、下記式(11)を満たし、
前記偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、前記第2光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向とがなす角度θ2が、下記式(12)を満たす、[5]に記載の円偏光板。
|θ1|=75°±5° (11)
|θ2|=15°±10° (12)
ただし、θ1とθ2とは同符号である。
[8] [5]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の円偏光板及び画像表示素子を含み、
前記光学異方性積層体、前記偏光子、及び前記画像表示素子を、この順で備える、画像表示装置。
[9] [5]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の円偏光板及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を含む、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置であって、
前記偏光子、前記光学異方性積層体、及び前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を、この順で備える、画像表示装置。
ここで、nxは、層の厚み方向に垂直な方向(面内方向)であって最大の屈折率を与える方向(遅相軸方向)の屈折率を表し、nyは、層の前記面内方向であってnxの方向に直交する方向の屈折率を表し、nzは、層の厚み方向の屈折率を表し、dは、層の厚みを表す。測定波長は、別に断らない限り、590nmである。
本発明の光学異方性積層体は、第1光学異方性層及び第2光学異方性層を含む。
ここで、第1光学異方性層は、下記式(1)、式(2)、式(3)、及び式(4)を満たす。第2光学異方性層120は、下記式(5)、式(6)、式(7)、及び式(8)を満たす。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る光学異方性積層体100を模式的に示す断面図である。光学異方性積層体100は、第1光学異方性層110及び第2光学異方性層120を備える。
第1光学異方性層110は、下記式(1)、式(2)、式(3)、及び式(4)を満たす。
220nm<Re1(590)<330nm (1)
Re1(450)/Re1(550)≦1.0 (2)
Re1(650)/Re1(550)≧1.0 (3)
0.95<NZ1<2.00 (4)
ここで、Re1(450)、Re1(550)、Re1(590)、及びRe1(650)は、波長450nm、550nm、590nm、及び650nmにおける第1光学異方性層の面内レターデーションReをそれぞれ表し、NZ1は波長590nmにおける第1光学異方性層のNZ係数を表す。
第2光学異方性層120は、下記式(5)、式(6)、式(7)、及び式(8)を満たす。
110nm<Re2(590)<165nm (5)
Re2(450)/Re2(550)≦1.0 (6)
Re2(650)/Re2(550)≧1.0 (7)
-1.5≦NZ2≦0.00 (8)
ここで、Re2(450)、Re2(550)、Re2(590)、及びRe2(650)は、波長450nm、550nm、590nm、及び650nmにおける第2光学異方性層の面内レターデーションReをそれぞれ表し、NZ2は波長590nmにおける第1光学異方性層のNZ係数を表す。
図2は、本発明の一実施形態に係る光学異方性積層体100の分解斜視図である。第1光学異方性層110は、面内方向と平行な方向に遅相軸111を有し、第2光学異方性層120は、面内方向と平行な方向に遅相軸121を有する。一点鎖線で示した線分113は、遅相軸111と平行であり第2光学異方性層120の表面にある線分である。角度θは、遅相軸111と遅相軸121とがなす角度である。
遅相軸111は、第1光学異方性層110の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向であり、遅相軸121は、第2光学異方性層120の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向である。
角度θは、より好ましくは、60°±5°さらに好ましくは60°±3°である。角度θがこの範囲にあることにより、さらに効果的に広い波長範囲の直線偏光を、光学異方性積層体100によって円偏光に変換できる。したがって、表示面における色味の変化をさらに低減できる。
第1光学異方性層及び第2光学異方性層を形成するための材料としては、例えば樹脂が挙げられ、中でも熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。
第1光学異方性層及び第2光学異方性層を形成するための材料としては、固有複屈折値が正の重合体を含む樹脂であっても、固有複屈折値が負の重合体を含む樹脂であっても、固有複屈折値が正の重合体及び固有複屈折値が負の重合体を含む樹脂であってもよい。
また、前記の重合体は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。
式(I)で表される構造単位を含む重合体が単独重合体である場合、当該単独重合体の好ましい例を挙げると、2,6-ジメチル-1,4-フェニレンエーテル単位(「-(C6H2(CH3)2-O)-」で表される構造単位)を有する単独重合体が挙げられる。
式(I)で表される構造単位を含む重合体が共重合体である場合、当該共重合体の好ましい例を挙げると、2,6-ジメチル-1,4-フェニレンエーテル単位と2,3,6-トリメチル-1,4-フェニレンエーテル単位(「-(C6H(CH3)3-O-)-」で表される構造単位)と組み合わせて有するランダム共重合体が挙げられる。
ここで、重量平均分子量は、1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼンを溶媒として温度135℃でゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定した、標準ポリスチレン換算の値を採用しうる。
ポリ(アルキルスチレン)としては、例えば、ポリ(メチルスチレン)、ポリ(エチルスチレン)、ポリ(イソプロピルスチレン)、ポリ(t-ブチルスチレン)、ポリ(フェニルスチレン)、ポリ(ビニルナフタレン)、及びポリ(ビニルスチレン)が挙げられる。
ポリ(ハロゲン化スチレン)としては、例えば、ポリ(クロロスチレン)、ポリ(ブロモスチレン)、及びポリ(フルオロスチレン)が挙げられる。
ポリ(ハロゲン化アルキルスチレン)としては、例えば、ポリ(クロロメチルスチレン)などが挙げられる。
ポリ(アルコキシスチレン)としては、例えば、ポリ(メトキシスチレン)、及びポリ(エトキシスチレン)が挙げられる。
例えば、ブレンド樹脂p1は、上述したポリフェニレンエーテル及びポリスチレン系重合体以外にも重合体を含んでいてもよい。ポリフェニレンエーテル及びポリスチレン系重合体以外の重合体の量は、ポリフェニレンエーテル及びポリスチレン系重合体の合計量を100重量部として、15重量部以下が好ましく、10重量部以下がより好ましく、5重量部以下が特に好ましい。
配合剤の量は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない範囲で適宜定めうる。例えばブレンド樹脂p1からなる層の全光線透過率を85%以上に維持できる範囲である。
紫外線吸収剤としては、例えば、オキシベンゾフェノン系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、サリチル酸エステル系化合物、ベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤、アクリロニトリル系紫外線吸収剤、トリアジン系化合物、ニッケル錯塩系化合物、無機粉体などが挙げられる。好適な紫外線吸収剤の例としては、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-6-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノール)、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-tert-ブチル-5’-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2,4-ジ-tert-ブチル-6-(5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノール、2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-4,4’-ジメトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’,4,4’-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノンが挙げられ、特に好適なものとしては、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-6-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノールが挙げられる。
第1光学異方性層及び第2光学異方性層の光学特性は、例えば、層に含まれる樹脂の種類を変更すること、樹脂に含まれる重合体が有する構成単位の比率を変化させること、延伸前フィルムの延伸条件を変化させることによって調整することができる。
第1光学異方性層の具体的な厚みは、好ましくは0.5μm以上、より好ましくは1.0μm以上であり、好ましくは100μm以下、より好ましくは80μm以下、特に好ましくは60μm以下である。
第2光学異方性層の具体的な厚みは、好ましくは0.5μm以上、より好ましくは1.0μm以上であり、好ましくは100μm以下、より好ましくは80μm以下、特に好ましくは60μm以下である。
本発明の光学異方性積層体は、第1光学異方性層及び第2光学異方性層以外に任意の層を含みうる。
本発明の光学異方性積層体が含み得る任意の層としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、接着剤層及びハードコート層が挙げられる。光学異方性積層体は、これら任意の層を1層のみ含んでいてもよく、複数層含んでいてもよい。
光学異方性積層体は、第1光学異方性層と第2光学異方性層とを貼り合わせることを含む製造方法によって、製造しうる。
第1光学異方性層と第2光学異方性層との貼り合わせには、適切な接着剤を用いうる。
接着剤としては、後述する円偏光板において用いる接着剤と同様の接着剤を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の円偏光板は、偏光子及び光学異方性積層体を含む。
図3は、本発明の一実施形態に係る円偏光板を模式的に示す断面図である。
円偏光板200は、偏光子210と光学異方性積層体100とを備える。また、この円偏光板200は、偏光子210と、第1光学異方性層110と、第2光学異方性層120とをこの順に備える。
偏光子210の例としては、ポリビニルアルコールフィルムにヨウ素又は二色性染料を吸着させた後、ホウ酸浴中で一軸延伸することによって得られるフィルム;ポリビニルアルコールフィルムにヨウ素又は二色性染料を吸着させ延伸しさらに分子鎖中のポリビニルアルコール単位の一部をポリビニレン単位に変性することによって得られるフィルム;が挙げられる。また、偏光子210の他の例としては、グリッド偏光子、多層偏光子、コレステリック液晶偏光子などの、偏光を反射光と透過光に分離する機能を有する偏光子が挙げられる。これらのうち、偏光子210としては、ポリビニルアルコールを含有する偏光子が好ましい。
また、偏光子210の厚みは、好ましくは5μm~80μmである。
図4に示すように、偏光子210の偏光吸収軸方向DPと、第1光学異方性層110の面内における遅相軸方向DHとがなす角度を、符号「θ1」で表し、偏光子210の偏光吸収軸方向DPと、第2光学異方性層120の面内における遅相軸方向DQとがなす角度を、符号「θ2」で表す。この際、-90°<θ1<90°、且つ、-90°<θ2<90°である。また、遅相軸方向DPは、第1光学異方性層110の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向であり、遅相軸方向DQは、第2光学異方性層120の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向である。
|θ1|=15°±5° (9)
|θ2|=75°±10° (10)
式(10)を詳細に説明すると、角度θ2の絶対値|θ2|は、通常75°±10°、好ましくは75°±6°、より好ましくは75°±2°である。
このような要件を満たすことにより、偏光子210を透過した広い波長範囲の直線偏光を、第1光学異方性層110及び第2光学異方性層120を含む光学異方性積層体100によって、円偏光に変換できる。したがって、円偏光板200を画像表示装置に設けた場合に、表示面における色味の変化をより低減できる。
|θ1|=75°±5° (11)
|θ2|=15°±10° (12)
式(12)を詳細に説明すると、角度θ2の絶対値|θ2|は、通常15°±10°、好ましくは15°±6°、より好ましくは15°±1°である。
このような要件を満たすことにより、偏光子210を透過した広い波長範囲の直線偏光を、第1光学異方性層110及び第2光学異方性層120を含む光学異方性積層体100によって、円偏光に変換できる。したがって、円偏光板200を画像表示装置に設けた場合に、表示面における色味の変化をより低減できる。
・当該円偏光板を、そのある一方の面から観察すると、第1光学異方性層の遅相軸方向が、偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向から時計周りに15°シフトし、且つ第2光学異方性層の遅相軸方向が、偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向から時計周りに75°シフトしている。
・当該円偏光板を、そのある一方の面から観察すると、第1光学異方性層の遅相軸方向が、偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向から反時計周りに15°シフトし、且つ第2光学異方性層の遅相軸方向が、偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向から反時計周りに75°シフトしている。
前記の層は、それぞれ、1層だけを設けてもよく、2層以上を設けてもよい。
本発明の画像表示装置は、画像表示素子と、上述した円偏光板とを含む。画像表示装置において、円偏光板は、通常、画像表示素子の視認側に設けられる。この際、円偏光板の向きは、その円偏光板の用途に応じて任意に設定しうる。よって、画像表示装置は、光学異方性積層体と、偏光子と、画像表示素子とを、この順に備えていてもよい。また、画像表示装置は、偏光子と、光学異方性積層体と、画像表示素子とを、この順に備えていてもよい。
図5に示すように、液晶表示装置300は、光源310;光源側直線偏光子320;画像表示素子としての液晶セル330;視認側直線偏光子としての偏光子210;並びに、第1光学異方性層110及び第2光学異方性層120を備える光学異方性積層体100;を、この順に備える。
図6に示すように、有機EL表示装置400は、画像表示素子としての有機EL素子410;第2光学異方性層120及び第1光学異方性層110を備える光学異方性積層体100;並びに、偏光子210;を、この順に備える。
具体的には、装置外部から入射した光は、その一部の直線偏光のみが偏光子210を通過し、次にそれが光学異方性積層体100を通過することにより、円偏光となる。円偏光は、表示装置内の光を反射する構成要素(有機EL素子410中の反射電極(図示せず)等)により反射され、再び光学異方性積層体100を通過することにより、入射した直線偏光の振動方向と直交する振動方向を有する直線偏光となり、偏光子210を通過しなくなる。これにより、反射抑制の機能が達成される。
〔光学異方性層の位相差特性の測定方法〕
光学異方性層を備えるフィルムから、フィルムの長手方向に平行な長辺と、フィルムの幅方向に平行な短辺とを有する、A4サイズのサンプル片を切り出した。
光学的に等方性のガラス板の一方の面と、前記サンプル片の光学異方性層側の面とを、手貼りローラーを用いて、貼り合わせた。貼り合わせは、粘着剤層(日東電工製「CS9621」)を介して行った。また、ガラス板のサイズは75mm×25mmであり、ガラス板の長辺とサンプル片の長辺とが平行になるように貼り合わせ、ガラス板からはみ出したサンプル片の余り部分は、カッターで切り落とした。これにより、(ガラス板)/(粘着剤層)/(光学異方性層)の層構成を有する、測定用位相差板を得た。
シミュレーション用のソフトウェアとして、シンテック社製「LCD Master」を用いて、光学異方性積層体を備える下記の評価モデルを作成した。
前記の画像表示装置を白表示にして、偏光サングラス20を通して見える画像の明度(L*)及び色相(a*、b*)を計算した。計算に際し、観察方向は、図7に示す表示面10の極角θp=0°の方向(表示面10の正面方向)又は表示面10の極角θp=45°の方向(表示面10の正面方向から45°の傾斜方向)とした。偏光サングラス20としては、理想偏光フィルムを設定した。ここで、理想偏光フィルムとは、ある方向に平行な振動方向を有する直線偏光の全てを通過させるが、その方向に垂直な振動方向を有する直線偏光を全く通過させないフィルムをいう。
下記実施例及び比較例で得られた評価用の画像表示装置を白表示にして、表示面の正面方向(極角0°)から、偏光サングラスを通して表示面を目視にて観察した。この観察の際、画像表示装置を、その表示面に垂直な回転軸を中心にして一回転させた。そして、観察される像に、回転角度に応じた明るさ・色相の変化があるか、5段階(A、B、C、D、E)の評価基準により評価した。評価Aは最も回転角度に応じた色の変化が小さく、評価Eは最も回転角度に応じた色の変化が大きい。回転角度に応じた色の変化が小さいほど、良好な結果であり、表示面の色味の変化が低減されていることを示す。
また、観察方向を表示面の正面方向(極角0°)から表示面の傾斜方向(極角45°)へ変更した以外は上記と同様にして観察し、評価した。
また、表示面の正面方向(極角0°)からの観察による評価結果と、表示面の傾斜方向(極角45°)からの観察による評価結果を用いて、下記の方法に従い総合評価を行った。
5段階の評価A、B、C、D、及びEに、それぞれ素点5点、4点、3点、2点、及び1点を与えた。正面方向(極角0°)からの観察による評価の素点と、傾斜方向(極角45°)からの観察による評価の素点を乗算し、得られた点数に、下記の基準により5段階評価を与えた。得られた点数が高いほど、表示面の色味の変化を低減することについての評価が高い。
A:21点以上
B:16~20点
C:11~15点
D:6~10点
E:1~5点
(工程A.樹脂R1の製造)
イソソルビドを397.3重量部、9,9-ビス[4-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)フェニル]フルオレンを960.1重量部、ポリエチレングリコール(数平均分子量1000、三洋化成工業(株)製)を14.6重量部、ジフェニルカーボネートを1065.1重量部、及び触媒として酢酸マグネシウム4水和物を8.45×10-3重量部用いて、特開2013-076982号公報の合成例9に記載された方法に従い、ポリカーボネート樹脂R1を得た。樹脂R1は、固有複屈折値が正である。
(工程B.延伸前フィルムの製造)
得られたポリカーボネート樹脂R1を80℃で5時間真空乾燥した後、単軸押出機、Tダイ、チルロール、及び巻取機を備えたフィルム製膜装置を用いて製膜して長尺の延伸前フィルムを得た。この延伸前フィルムの厚みを、170~230μmの範囲で、下記表1、2、3のような物性のλ/2板H1が得られるように調整した。
(工程C.λ/2板の製造)
得られた延伸前フィルムを100℃で3日間真空乾燥した後、自由一軸延伸してλ/2板H1を得た。一軸延伸の条件を延伸温度:127~177℃、延伸倍率:1.5~2.5倍の範囲において、下記表1、2、3のような物性のλ/2板H1が得られるように調整することで、位相差フィルムを得た。
工程Bにおいて、延伸前フィルムの厚みを、170~230μmの範囲で、下記表2のような物性のλ/2板H2が得られるように調整し、工程Cにおいて、一軸延伸の条件を延伸温度:127~177℃、延伸倍率:1.5~2.5倍の範囲において、下記表2のような物性のλ/2板H2が得られるように調整した以外は製造例1-1と同様にして、λ/2板H2を得た。
工程Bにおいて、延伸前フィルムの厚みを、170~230μmの範囲で、下記表2のような物性のλ/2板H3が得られるように調整し、工程Cにおいて、一軸延伸の条件を延伸温度:127~177℃、延伸倍率:1.5~2.5倍の範囲において、下記表2のような物性のλ/2板H3が得られるように調整した以外は製造例1-1と同様にして、λ/2板H3を得た。
工程Bにおいて、延伸前フィルムの厚みを、170~230μmの範囲で、下記表2のような物性のλ/2板H4が得られるように調整し、工程Cにおいて、一軸延伸の条件を延伸温度:127~177℃、延伸倍率:1.5~2.5倍の範囲において、下記表2のような物性のλ/2板H4が得られるように調整した以外は製造例1-1と同様にして、λ/2板H4を得た。
工程Bにおいて、延伸前フィルムの厚みを、70~130μmの範囲で、下記表3のような物性のλ/4板QC1が得られるように調整し、工程Cにおいて、一軸延伸の条件を延伸温度:127~177℃、延伸倍率:1.5~2.5倍の範囲において、下記表3のような物性のλ/4板QC1が得られるように調整した以外は製造例1-1と同様にして、λ/4板QC1を得た。
(工程A.ブレンド樹脂p1としての樹脂R2の製造)
シンジオタクチックポリスチレン(出光興産社製「130-ZC」、ガラス転移温度98℃、結晶化温度140℃)60重量部と、ポリ(2,6-ジメチル-1,4-フェニレンオキサイド)(アルドリッチ社カタログNo.18242-7)40重量部とを、2軸押出機で混錬し、ブレンド樹脂p1としての、透明な樹脂R2のペレットを得た。得られた樹脂R2のガラス転移温度は141℃であった。樹脂R2の固有複屈折値は、負である。
ダブルフライト型のスクリューを備えた一軸押出機を備える、二種二層の共押出成形用のフィルム成形装置(2種類の樹脂によって2層構造のフィルムを成形しうるタイプの成形装置)を準備した。樹脂R2のペレットを、前記のフィルム成形装置の一方の一軸押出機に投入して、溶融させた。また、耐衝撃性ポリメチルメタクリレート樹脂R3(住友化学社製「スミペックス(登録商標)HT55X」)のペレットを、前記のフィルム成形装置のもう一方の一軸押出機に投入して、溶融させた。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、縦延伸機で当該延伸前フィルムの長手方向に自由一軸延伸し、その後、樹脂R3からなる層を剥離して、樹脂R2からなる、λ/4板Q1を製造した。この際、自由一軸延伸の条件は、延伸温度134℃~148℃、延伸倍率1.3~2.0倍の範囲で下記表1のような物性のλ/4板Q1が得られるように調整した。得られたλ/4板は、当該λ/4板の幅方向に遅相軸を有していた。また、このλ/4板において、アクリル樹脂の層には位相差が発現しなかった。
製造例2-1の工程Bにおいてキャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚さ100~200μmの範囲で、下記表1のような物性のλ/4板Q2が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚さを調整した以外は製造例2-1の工程A及び工程Bと同様にして、延伸前フィルムを得た。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、横延伸機で長手方向に対して90°の角度をなす幅方向に延伸し、その後樹脂R3からなる層を剥離して、樹脂R2からなる、λ/4板Q2を製造した。
延伸の条件は、延伸温度134℃~148℃、延伸倍率1.5~3.5倍の範囲で下記表1のような物性のλ/4板Q2が得られるように調整した。
製造例2-1の工程Bにおいてキャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚さ100~200μmの範囲で、下記表1のような物性のλ/4板Q3が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚さを調整した以外は製造例2-1の工程A及び工程Bと同様にして、延伸前フィルムを得た。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、縦延伸機で長手方向に自由一軸延伸し、次に横延伸機で長手方向に対して90°の角度をなす幅方向に延伸し、その後樹脂R3からなる層を剥離して、樹脂R2からなる、λ/4板Q3を製造した。
延伸の条件は、延伸温度134℃~148℃、縦方向の延伸倍率1.1~1.5倍、横方向の延伸倍率1.5~3.5倍の範囲で下記表1のような物性のλ/4板Q3が得られるように調整した。
製造例2-1の工程Bにおいてキャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚さ100~200μmの範囲で、下記表1のような物性のλ/4板Q4が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚さを調整した以外は製造例2-1の工程A及び工程Bと同様にして、延伸前フィルムを得た。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、縦延伸機で長手方向に自由一軸延伸し、次に横延伸機で長手方向に対して90°の角度をなす幅方向に延伸し、その後樹脂R3からなる層を剥離して、樹脂R2からなる、λ/4板Q4を製造した。
延伸の条件は、延伸温度134℃~148℃、縦方向の延伸倍率1.3~1.7倍、横方向の延伸倍率1.7~3.7倍の範囲で下記表1のような物性のλ/4板Q4が得られるように調整した。
製造例2-1の工程Bにおいてキャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚さ100~200μmの範囲で、下記表2のような物性のλ/4板Q5が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚さを調整した以外は製造例2-1の工程A及び工程Bと同様にして、延伸前フィルムを得た。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、縦延伸機で長手方向に自由一軸延伸し、次に横延伸機で長手方向に対して90°の角度をなす幅方向に延伸し、その後樹脂R3からなる層を剥離して、樹脂R2からなる、λ/4板Q5を製造した。
延伸の条件は、延伸温度134℃~148℃、縦方向の延伸倍率1.5~2.0倍、横方向の延伸倍率2.0~4.0倍の範囲で下記表2のような物性のλ/4板Q5が得られるように調整した。
製造例2-1の工程Bにおいてキャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚さ100~200μmの範囲で、下記表2のような物性のλ/4板Q6が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚さを調整した以外は製造例2-1の工程A及び工程Bと同様にして、延伸前フィルムを得た。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、縦延伸機で長手方向に自由一軸延伸し、次に横延伸機で長手方向に対して90°の角度をなす幅方向に延伸し、その後樹脂R3からなる層を剥離して、樹脂R2からなる、λ/4板Q6を製造した。
延伸の条件は、延伸温度134℃~148℃、縦方向の延伸倍率1.1~1.5倍、横方向の延伸倍率1.5~3.5倍の範囲で下記表2のような物性のλ/4板Q6が得られるように調整した。
製造例2-1の工程Bにおいてキャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚さ100~200μmの範囲で、下記表2のような物性のλ/4板Q7が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚さを調整した以外は製造例2-1の工程A及び工程Bと同様にして、延伸前フィルムを得た。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、縦延伸機で長手方向に自由一軸延伸し、次に横延伸機で長手方向に対して90°の角度をなす幅方向に延伸し、その後樹脂R3からなる層を剥離して、樹脂R2からなる、λ/4板Q7を製造した。
延伸の条件は、延伸温度134℃~148℃、縦方向の延伸倍率1.1~1.5倍、横方向の延伸倍率1.5~3.5倍の範囲で下記表2のような物性のλ/4板Q7が得られるように調整した。
製造例2-1の工程Bにおいてキャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚さ100~200μmの範囲で、下記表2のような物性のλ/4板Q8が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚さを調整した以外は製造例2-1の工程A及び工程Bと同様にして、延伸前フィルムを得た。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、縦延伸機で長手方向に自由一軸延伸し、次に横延伸機で長手方向に対して90°の角度をなす幅方向に延伸し、その後樹脂R3からなる層を剥離して、樹脂R2からなる、λ/4板Q8を製造した。
延伸の条件は、延伸温度134℃~148℃、縦方向の延伸倍率1.1~1.5倍、横方向の延伸倍率1.5~3.5倍の範囲で下記表2のような物性のλ/4板Q8が得られるように調整した。
(工程A.シクロオレフィン樹脂R4からなる延伸前フィルムの製造)
単層のフィルム成形装置を用意した。シクロオレフィン樹脂R4(日本ゼオン社製「ZEONOR1420」、ガラス転移温度140℃)のペレットを、フィルム成形装置のダブルフライト型のスクリューを備えた一軸押出機に投入して260℃で溶融し、目開き10μmのリーフディスク形状のポリマーフィルターを通して、260℃に温調されたダイ(ダイスリップの表面粗さRa:0.1μm)から押し出し、フィルム状に成形した。成形されたフィルム状の溶融樹脂を、表面温度110℃に調整されたキャストロールにキャストし、次いで表面温度50℃に調整された2本の冷却ロール間に通した。樹脂はキャストロール上で冷却固化して、延伸前フィルムが得られた。この際、キャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚み80~120μmの範囲で、下記表3のような物性のλ/2板HC2が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚みを調整した。
得られた延伸前フィルムを、自由一軸延伸してλ/2板HC2を得た。ここで、一軸延伸の条件を、延伸温度:140~150℃、延伸倍率:1.4~1.8倍の範囲において、下記表3のような物性のλ/2板HC2が得られるように調整した。
工程Aにおいて、キャストロールの回転速度を調整することにより、厚み30~70μmの範囲で、下記表3のような物性のλ/4板QC2が得られるように延伸前フィルムの厚みを調整した以外は製造例3-1の工程Aと同様にして、延伸前フィルムを得た。得られた延伸前フィルムを、自由一軸延伸してλ/4板QC2を得た。ここで、一軸延伸の条件を、延伸温度:140~150℃、延伸倍率:1.4~1.8倍の範囲において、下記表3のような物性のλ/4板QC2が得られるように調整した。
下記実施例及び比較例の通りの、第1光学異方性層としてのλ/2板及び第2光学異方性層としてのλ/4板を備えたシミュレーション用評価モデルを用いて、上記の方法によりシミュレーションによる明度及び色相の変化量を計算した。
また、下記実施例及び比較例の通り、画像表示装置を製造して、上記の方法により目視による画像の色味変化の評価を行った。
粘着剤層として、光学用透明粘着シート(日東電工社製「LUCIACS(登録商標) CS9621T」)を用意した。この粘着シートを用いて、製造例1-1で得たλ/2板H1と製造例2-1で得たλ/4板Q1とを、λ/2板H1の遅相軸とλ/4板Q1の遅相軸とが60°の角度をなすようにして貼り合わせて、光学異方性積層体を得た。
次いで、光源、光源側直線偏光子、画像表示素子としてのIPSモードの液晶セル、及び視認側直線偏光子をこの順に備えた液晶表示装置(Apple社製「iPad(登録商標)」)を用意した。この液晶表示装置の表示面部分を分解し、液晶表示装置の視認側直線偏光子を露出させた。露出した視認側直線偏光子に、光学異方性積層体のλ/2板側の面(すなわち、第1光学異方性層側の面)を、手貼りローラーを用いて貼り合わせた。貼り合わせは、粘着剤層(日東電工製「LUCIACS(登録商標) CS9621T」)を介して行った。また、前記の貼り合わせは、厚み方向から見て、液晶表示装置の視認側直線偏光子の偏光吸収軸に対して第1光学異方性層の遅相軸及び第2光学異方性層の遅相軸がなす角度が、それぞれ、15.0°及び75.0°となるように行った。
このようにして、第2光学異方性層としてのλ/4板、第1光学異方性としてのλ/2板、偏光子、及び画像表示素子としての液晶セルを、この順で備える、画像表示装置が得られた。画像表示装置は、偏光子、第1光学異方性層としてのλ/2板、及び第2光学異方性層としてのλ/4板をこの順で備える、円偏光板を含んでいる。
λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例2-2で得たλ/4板Q2を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例2-3で得たλ/4板Q3を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例2-4で得たλ/4板Q4を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体4、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例2-5で得たλ/4板Q5を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
λ/2板H1の代わりに製造例1-2で得たλ/2板H2を用い、λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例2-6で得たλ/4板Q6を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
λ/2板H1の代わりに製造例1-3で得たλ/2板H3を用い、λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例2-7で得たλ/4板Q7を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
λ/2板H1の代わりに製造例1-4で得たλ/2板H4を用い、λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例2-8で得たλ/4板Q8を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
λ/2H1の代わりに製造例3-1で得たλ/2板HC2を用い、λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例3-2で得たλ/4板QC2を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
λ/4板Q1の代わりに製造例1-5で得たλ/4板QC1を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光学異方性積層体、及び円偏光板を含む画像表示装置を得た。
また、θ1は、偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、第1光学異方性層としてのλ/2板の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向(遅相軸方向)とがなす角度を意味し、θ2は、偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、第2光学異方性層としてのλ/4板の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向(遅相軸方向)とがなす角度を意味する。
一方、第2光学異方性層としてのλ/4板が、式(8)を満たしていない比較例1及び2の画像表示装置は、傾斜方向(極角45°)からの観察における色味の変化が実施例と比較して大きいことが分かる。また、第1光学異方性層としてのλ/2板が、式(2)及び(3)を満たしておらず、第2光学異方性層としてのλ/4板が、式(6)及び(7)を満たしていない比較例1の画像表示装置は、正面方向(極角0°)及び傾斜方向(極角45°)からの観察における色味の変化が実施例と比較して大きいことが分かる。
以上の結果から、本発明の光学異方性積層体、円偏光板、及び画像表示装置は、表示面の正面方向又は傾斜方向から偏光サングラスを通して観察しつつ表示面を回転させた場合に生じる、色味の変化を低減できることが分かる。
110 第1光学異方性層
120 第2光学異方性層
200 円偏光板
210 偏光子
300 液晶表示装置
310 光源
320 光源側直線偏光子
330 液晶セル
400 有機EL表示装置
410 有機EL素子
Claims (9)
- 第1光学異方性層及び第2光学異方性層を含み、
前記第1光学異方性層は、下記式(1)、式(2)、式(3)、及び式(4)を満たし、
前記第2光学異方性層は、下記式(5)、式(6)、式(7)、及び式(8)を満たす、光学異方性積層体。
220nm<Re1(590)<330nm (1)
Re1(450)/Re1(550)≦1.0 (2)
Re1(650)/Re1(550)≧1.0 (3)
0.95<NZ1<2.00 (4)
110nm<Re2(590)<165nm (5)
Re2(450)/Re2(550)≦1.0 (6)
Re2(650)/Re2(550)≧1.0 (7)
-1.5≦NZ2≦0.00 (8)
ただし、
Re1(450)、Re1(550)、Re1(590)、及びRe1(650)は、波長450nm、550nm、590nm、及び650nmにおける第1光学異方性層の面内レターデーションReをそれぞれ表し、
NZ1は波長590nmにおける第1光学異方性層のNZ係数を表し、
Re2(450)、Re2(550)、Re2(590)、及びRe2(650)は、波長450nm、550nm、590nm、及び650nmにおける第2光学異方性層の面内レターデーションReをそれぞれ表し、
NZ2は波長590nmにおける第2光学異方性層のNZ係数を表す。 - 前記第1光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向と、前記第2光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向とがなす角度が、60°±10°である、請求項1に記載の光学異方性積層体。
- 前記第2光学異方性層が、ポリフェニレンエーテル及びシンジオタクチック構造を有するポリスチレン系重合体を含む樹脂からなる層を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の光学異方性積層体。
- ポリフェニレンエーテルの、シンジオタクチック構造を有するポリスチレン系重合体に対する重量比率が、35/65以上45/55以下である、請求項3に記載の光学異方性積層体。
- 偏光子と、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の光学異方性積層体とを含み、
前記偏光子、前記第1光学異方性層、及び前記第2光学異方性層を、この順で備える、円偏光板。 - 前記偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、前記第1光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向とがなす角度θ1が、下記式(9)を満たし、
前記偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、前記第2光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向とがなす角度θ2が、下記式(10)を満たす、請求項5に記載の円偏光板。
|θ1|=15°±5° (9)
|θ2|=75°±10° (10)
ただし、θ1とθ2とは同符号である。 - 前記偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、前記第1光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx1を示す方向とがなす角度θ1が、下記式(11)を満たし、
前記偏光子の偏光吸収軸方向と、前記第2光学異方性層の面内における最大屈折率nx2を示す方向とがなす角度θ2が、下記式(12)を満たす、請求項5に記載の円偏光板。
|θ1|=75°±5° (11)
|θ2|=15°±10° (12)
ただし、θ1とθ2とは同符号である。 - 請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の円偏光板及び画像表示素子を含み、
前記光学異方性積層体、前記偏光子、及び前記画像表示素子を、この順で備える、画像表示装置。 - 請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の円偏光板及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を含む、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置であって、
前記偏光子、前記光学異方性積層体、及び前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を、この順で備える、画像表示装置。
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