WO2014065243A1 - 位相差板、円偏光板、及び画像表示装置 - Google Patents
位相差板、円偏光板、及び画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014065243A1 WO2014065243A1 PCT/JP2013/078487 JP2013078487W WO2014065243A1 WO 2014065243 A1 WO2014065243 A1 WO 2014065243A1 JP 2013078487 W JP2013078487 W JP 2013078487W WO 2014065243 A1 WO2014065243 A1 WO 2014065243A1
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- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)cc2c1cnnc2 Chemical compound c(cc1)cc2c1cnnc2 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)cc2c1ncnc2 Chemical compound c(cc1)cc2c1ncnc2 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1cc2ccnnc2cc1 Chemical compound c1cc2ccnnc2cc1 WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1cnncc1 Chemical compound c1cnncc1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1cnncn1 Chemical compound c1cnncn1 FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1nccnc1 Chemical compound c1nccnc1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ncncn1 Chemical compound c1ncncn1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F28/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur
- C08F28/06—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
- C09K19/3833—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the side chain
- C09K19/3838—Polyesters; Polyester derivatives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133633—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation using mesogenic materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133637—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation characterised by the wavelength dispersion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retardation plate, a circularly polarizing plate, and an image display device, and particularly relates to a retardation plate, a circularly polarizing plate, and an image display device that can easily control reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics.
- the retardation film is widely used as a component of a display device such as a liquid crystal display device.
- the retardation plate used in the display device preferably exhibits a desired retardation such as 1 / 4 ⁇ or 1 / 2 ⁇ in all wavelength regions for display (usually the visible region).
- the phase difference plate needs to have so-called reverse wavelength dispersion, that is, wavelength dispersion exhibiting high anisotropy with respect to light having a longer wavelength than a short wavelength.
- reverse wavelength dispersion that is, wavelength dispersion exhibiting high anisotropy with respect to light having a longer wavelength than a short wavelength.
- those described in Patent Documents 1 to 6 are known as retardation plates that exhibit reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-68816 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-90521 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-52131 JP 2000-284126 A (corresponding foreign publication: US Pat. No. 6,400,433 B1) JP 2001-4837 A International Publication No. 2000/026705 (corresponding foreign publication: European Patent Application Publication No. EP 1045261 (A1) and US Pat. No. 6,565,974 B1)
- the retardation plate used in the display device needs to be adjusted to slightly increase or slightly decrease the reverse wavelength dispersion according to the design of the display device.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a retardation plate having reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics and capable of easily performing precise control thereof.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a display device having a reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic and including a retardation plate that can be easily precisely controlled, thereby having low cost and good display performance, and components thereof. There is to do.
- the present inventor used a reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a predetermined plurality of mesogens in the molecule, and aligning it in combination with a polymerizable monomer.
- the inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by forming an optically anisotropic layer having predetermined optical characteristics, and the present invention has been completed. That is, according to the present invention, the following is provided.
- a retardation plate having an optically anisotropic layer obtained by curing a composition (A) containing a reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a polymerizable monomer,
- the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound has a main chain mesogen and a side chain mesogen bonded to the main chain mesogen in the molecule,
- the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound are oriented in different directions, whereby the birefringence ⁇ n of the optically anisotropic layer has a reverse wavelength.
- Re0 (650 nm) and retardations Re (450 nm), Re (550 nm) and Re (650 nm) at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm of the optically anisotropic layer are represented by the following formulas (i) and (ii): Phase difference plate satisfying the relationship: Re0 (450 nm) / Re0 (550 nm)> Re (450 nm) / Re (550 nm) Formula (i) Re0 (650 nm) / Re0 (550 nm) ⁇ Re (650 nm) / Re (550 nm) Formula (ii).
- a retardation plate having an optically anisotropic layer obtained by curing a composition (A) containing a reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a polymerizable monomer,
- the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound has a main chain mesogen and a side chain mesogen bonded to the main chain mesogen in the molecule,
- the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound are oriented in different directions, whereby the birefringence ⁇ n of the optically anisotropic layer has a reverse wavelength.
- Re0 (650 nm) and retardations Re (450 nm), Re (550 nm) and Re (650 nm) at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm of the optically anisotropic layer are represented by the following formulas (iii) and (iv): Phase difference plate satisfying the relationship: Re0 (450 nm) / Re0 (550 nm) ⁇ Re (450 nm) / Re (550 nm) Formula (iii) Re0 (650 nm) / Re0 (550 nm)> Re (650 nm) / Re (550 nm) Formula (iv).
- the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound has the following formula (I): [Wherein Y 1 to Y 6 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, — OC ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —NR 1 — C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—NR 1 —, or —NR 1 —O— is represented.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- G 1 and G 2 each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent [the aliphatic group includes one or more per one aliphatic group; —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 2 —, —NR 2 —, or —C ( ⁇ O) — may be present.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- a x represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and A y has a hydrogen atom and a substituent.
- the aromatic ring of A x and A y may have a substituent.
- a x and A y may be combined to form a ring.
- R 3 has an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group.
- a 1 represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- a 2 and A 3 each independently represent a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- Q 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound has the following formula (V): [ Wherein Y 1w to Y 8w are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, — OC ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —NR 1 — C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—NR 1 —, or —NR 1 —O— is represented.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- G 1w and G 2w each independently represent a divalent chain aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the chain aliphatic group includes one or more —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O per one aliphatic group.
- R 2w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Z 1w and Z 2w each independently represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- a xw represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- a yw has a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- R 3w has an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
- R 4w represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, Represents a phenyl group or a 4-methylphenyl group
- R 9w represents an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a xw and A yw may have a substituent.
- a xw and A yw may be combined to form a ring.
- a 1w represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- a 2w and A 3w each independently represent a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent,
- a 4w and A 5w each independently represent a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- Q 1w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- G 1w and G 2w are each independently a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent [the aliphatic group includes one aliphatic group; One or more —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O— or —C ( ⁇ O) — may be present per group. However, the case where two or more of —O— are adjacent to each other is excluded. ] The retardation plate.
- the retardation plate wherein G 1w and G 2w are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the polymerizable monomer is represented by the following formula (III): (In formula (III), Y 1x to Y 6x , G 1x , G 2x , Z 1x , Z 2x , A xx , A ix , A 1x to A 3x , and Q 1x are each Y in formula (I).
- the polymerizable monomer has a mesogen, and in the optically anisotropic layer, the mesogen of the polymerizable monomer is aligned in parallel with the main chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound [1]
- the polymerizable monomer has a mesogen, and in the optically anisotropic layer, the mesogen of the polymerizable monomer is aligned in parallel with the side chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound [1]
- the retardation plate according to any one of [5] to [5].
- Any one of [1] to [7], wherein the blending ratio of the polymerizable monomer to 100 parts by weight of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the composition (A) is 1 to 100 parts by weight.
- a circularly polarizing plate comprising the retardation plate according to any one of [1] to [8] and a linear polarizer.
- the retardation of the retardation plate at a wavelength of 550 nm is 100 to 150 nm, and the angle between the slow axis of the retardation plate and the transmission axis of the linear polarizer is 45 °.
- the circularly polarizing plate as described.
- An image display device comprising the retardation plate according to any one of [1] to [8].
- the phase difference plate of the present invention has reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics and can be easily controlled precisely. Therefore, the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention and the image display device of the present invention including the retardation plate of the present invention can provide a display device and its constituent elements that have low cost and good display performance.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the birefringence ⁇ n of the retardation plate measured in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the refractive index of the retardation plate measured in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the azimuth angle of polarized light and the measured absorption measured in Reference Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the birefringence ⁇ n of the retardation plate measured in Example 1 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the refractive index of the phase difference plate measured in Example 1 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the birefringence ⁇ n of the retardation plate measured in Example 2 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristic of the refractive index of the retardation plate measured in Example 2 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the birefringence ⁇ n of the retardation plate measured in Example 3 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the refractive index of the retardation plate measured in Example 3 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the birefringence ⁇ n of the retardation plate measured in Example 4 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the refractive index of the retardation plate measured in Example 4 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the birefringence ⁇ n of the retardation plate measured in Example 5 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the refractive index of the retardation plate measured in Example 5 in comparison with Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the birefringence ⁇ n of the retardation plate measured in Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristic of the refractive index of the retardation plate measured in Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the birefringence ⁇ n of the retardation plate measured in Example 6 in comparison with Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the refractive index of the retardation plate measured in Example 6 in comparison with Comparative Example 2.
- the retardation plate of the present invention has an optically anisotropic layer.
- the optically anisotropic layer is a layer formed by curing a composition (A) containing a reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a polymerizable monomer.
- the liquid crystal compound as a component of the composition (A) is a compound that can exhibit a liquid crystal phase when blended and oriented in the composition (A).
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a liquid crystal compound that can be polymerized in the composition (A) in a state of exhibiting such a liquid crystal phase and can be a polymer while maintaining the molecular orientation in the liquid crystal phase.
- the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a polymerizable liquid crystal compound in which, when such a polymer is used, the obtained polymer exhibits reverse wavelength dispersion.
- compounds having a polymerizable property such as a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and other polymerizable compounds which are components of the composition (A) may be simply referred to as “polymerizable compound”. .
- the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound has a main chain mesogen and a side chain mesogen bonded to the main chain mesogen in the molecule.
- the side chain mesogen can be aligned in a different direction from the main chain mesogen. Therefore, in the optically anisotropic layer, the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen can be oriented in different directions. With such an orientation, the birefringence ⁇ n of the optically anisotropic layer can exhibit reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics.
- Y 1 to Y 6 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O. —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—NR 1 —, or —NR 1 —O— is represented.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R 1 include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n- A hexyl group etc. are mentioned.
- R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 to Y 6 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or —O.
- G 1 and G 2 each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms includes an aliphatic group having a chain structure; an alicyclic structure such as a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkane) structure and an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkene) structure. And the like.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom; methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, t-butoxy Group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as an n-pentyloxy group and an n-hexyloxy group; a fluorine atom, a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are preferable.
- the aliphatic group includes one or more —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C per aliphatic group.
- ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 2 —, —NR 2 —, or —C ( ⁇ O) — may be present. Good (except when two or more of —O— or —S— are adjacent to each other). Among these, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or —C ( ⁇ O) — is preferable.
- R 2 represents the same hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms as R 1, and is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- G 1 and G 2 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or the like, from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention.
- An aliphatic group having a chain structure is preferable, and an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a propylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, and an octamethylene group.
- a tetramethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 4 —] and a hexamethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 6 —] are particularly preferable.
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- the alkenyl group preferably has 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the halogen atom that is a substituent of the alkenyl group of Z 1 and Z 2 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and the like, and a chlorine atom is preferable.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms of Z 1 and Z 2 include CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, CH 2 ⁇ CH—CH 2 —, CH 3 —CH ⁇ .
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently CH 2 ⁇ CH 2 —, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, CH 2 from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention.
- CH 2 ⁇ CH 2 —, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, or CH 2 ⁇ C (Cl) — is more preferable, and CH 2 ⁇ CH 2 — is still more preferable.
- a x represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the “aromatic ring” is a cyclic structure having a broad meaning of aromaticity according to the Huckle rule, that is, a cyclic conjugated structure having (4n + 2) ⁇ electrons and thiophene, furan, benzothiazole, and the like. It means that a pair of lone electrons of a hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen, etc. participates in the ⁇ -electron system and exhibits aromaticity.
- the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring of A x may have a plurality of aromatic rings. And having an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocycle.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring examples include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and an anthracene ring.
- aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic rings such as a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, and a thiazole ring; Benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoline ring, phthalazine ring, benzimidazole ring, benzopyrazole ring, benzofuran ring, aromatic heterocycle such as benzothiophene ring;
- the aromatic ring of A x may have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom and chlorine atom; cyano group; alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group; and 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl group and allyl group.
- An alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a trifluoromethyl group; a substituted amino group such as a dimethylamino group; an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyl group; Group; aryl group such as phenyl group and naphthyl group; —C ( ⁇ O) —R 4 ; —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 4 ; —SO 2 R 4 ;
- R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic ring within A x may have a plurality of identical or different substituents, bonded two adjacent substituents together may form a ring.
- the ring formed may be monocyclic or condensed polycyclic.
- the “carbon number” of the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in A x means the total number of carbon atoms in the whole organic group not including the carbon atom of the substituent (the same applies to A y described later). .
- an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group As the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring of A x , an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group; an aromatic heterocyclic ring Group: an alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group; from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group An alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of: a carbon number having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group 4-30 alkynyl groups; and the like.
- a y may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
- An organic group having a ring and having 2 to 30 carbon atoms is represented.
- alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent of A y include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, and n-butyl.
- R 4 represents the same meaning as described above.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent of A y include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group. Groups and the like.
- Examples of the substituent for the alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms that may have a substituent and the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms that may have a substituent for A y include a fluorine atom, Halogen atom such as chlorine atom; cyano group; substituted amino group such as dimethylamino group; alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methoxy group, ethoxy group and isopropyl group; nitro group; aryl group such as phenyl group and naphthyl group A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group; —C ( ⁇ O) —R 4 ; —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 4 ; —SO 2 R 4 ; Can be mentioned.
- R 4 represents the same meaning as described above.
- R 3 may have an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or may have a substituent. It represents a good alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. Specific examples thereof include the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, the alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and a substituent of the above Ay. Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may be included are the same as those listed.
- R 6 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group To express.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and the alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in R 6 include the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and the alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the above Ay . Examples are the same as those listed.
- the aromatic ring of A x and A y may have a substituent.
- a x and A y may be combined to form a ring.
- Examples of the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring for A y are the same as those exemplified for A x above. Is mentioned.
- the aromatic ring which Ay has may have a substituent in arbitrary positions. As such a substituent include the same as those listed as the substituent of the aromatic ring wherein A x has.
- aromatic ring of A x and A y are shown below.
- a x, aromatic ring within A y is not intended to be limited to those shown below.
- [-] represents a bond of an aromatic ring (the same applies hereinafter).
- E represents NR 5 , an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom; or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- X, Y and Z each independently represent NR 5 , oxygen atom, sulfur atom, —SO— or —SO 2 — (provided that oxygen atom, sulfur atom, —SO—, — Except when SO 2 -is adjacent to each other).
- R 5 represents the same meaning as described above.
- aromatic rings of A x and A y are preferably the following among the aromatic rings described above.
- aromatic rings are particularly preferable for A x and A y .
- a x and A y may be combined to form a ring.
- an unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 4 to 30 carbon atoms or an unsaturated carbocyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent is preferably formed.
- the unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and the unsaturated carbocyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms are not particularly limited and may or may not have aromaticity.
- the ring shown below is mentioned.
- the ring shown below is the one in the formula (I).
- X, Y and Z represent the same meaning as described above.
- these rings may have a substituent.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, —C ( ⁇ O) —R 4 , —C ( ⁇ O) —OR. 4 , -SO 2 R 4 and the like.
- R 4 represents the same meaning as described above.
- the total number of ⁇ electrons contained in A x and A y is preferably 4 or more and 24 or less, and more preferably 6 or more and 18 or less, from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention.
- a preferred combination of A x and A y is a combination in which A x is an aromatic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and A y is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent, and Ax and Ay are taken together to form an unsaturated heterocyclic ring or an unsaturated carbocyclic ring.
- the substituent of the alkyl group which may have a substituent include a cycloalkyl group, a cyano group, and a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom.
- a more preferable combination is a combination in which A x is the following structure, and A y is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent.
- a x is the following structure
- a y is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent.
- substituent of the alkyl group which may have a substituent include a combination that is a halogen atom such as a cycloalkyl group, a cyano group, or a fluorine atom.
- X and Y represent the same meaning as described above.
- a 1 represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- the trivalent aromatic group may be a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group or a trivalent heterocyclic aromatic group. From the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention, a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group is preferable, and a trivalent benzene ring group or a trivalent naphthalene ring group represented by the following formula is more preferable.
- the substituents Y 1 and Y 2 are described for convenience in order to clarify the bonding state (Y 1 and Y 2 represent the same meaning as described above, and the same applies hereinafter). .
- a 1 groups represented by the following formulas (A11) to (A22) are more preferable, and a group represented by the formula (A11) is particularly preferable.
- a 1 as a trivalent substituent which may be possessed by the aromatic group, the same ones as exemplified as the substituents of the aromatic groups of the A X and the like.
- a 1 preferably has no substituent.
- a 2 and A 3 each independently represent a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic groups of A 2 and A 3 may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Specific examples of A 2 and A 3 include the following.
- the organic groups mentioned as specific examples of A 2 and A 3 may have a substituent at any position.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, and a —C ( ⁇ O) —OR group.
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a halogen atom, an alkyl group, and an alkoxy group are preferable, a fluorine atom as the halogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group as the alkyl group, and a methoxy group and an ethoxy group as the alkoxy group. preferable.
- Q 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the alkyl group which has 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 6 have a substituent, the same ones as exemplified in the A X and the like.
- Q 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- More specific examples of the compound (I) include compounds represented by the following formulas (I) -1 to (I) -3.
- the compounds represented by the formula (I) are not all compounds that can exhibit a liquid crystal phase. However, for example, by preparing and actually aligning the composition (A), it can be easily identified whether or not a liquid crystal phase can be exhibited.
- a hydrazine compound (hydrazine compound (3)) represented by formula (3) is converted into a carbonyl compound (carbonyl compound (4)) represented by formula (4) and [hydrazine compound (3): carbonyl compound ( 4)] at a molar ratio of 1: 2 to 2: 1, preferably 1: 1.5 to 1.5: 1.
- a compound represented by I) can be produced.
- the reaction can be carried out by adding an acid catalyst such as an organic acid such as ( ⁇ ) -10-camphorsulfonic acid and paratoluenesulfonic acid; an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid;
- an acid catalyst By adding an acid catalyst, the reaction time may be shortened and the yield may be improved.
- the addition amount of the acid catalyst is usually 0.001 to 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of the carbonyl compound (4). Further, the acid catalyst may be added as it is, or may be added as a solution dissolved in an appropriate solution.
- the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- alcohol solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, n-pentyl alcohol, amyl alcohol; diethyl ether, Ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane and cyclopentylmethyl ether; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and methyl propionate; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene Solvents; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane; amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide,
- the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of compound used, reaction scale, etc., but is usually 1 to 100 g with respect to 1 g of the hydrazine compound (3).
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in the temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the reaction time for each reaction is usually from several minutes to several hours depending on the reaction scale.
- the hydrazine compound (3) can be produced as follows.
- a x and A y represent the same meaning as described above.
- X represents a leaving group such as a halogen atom, a methanesulfonyloxy group, and a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group.
- the compound represented by the formula (2a) and hydrazine (1) are mixed in a suitable solvent in a molar ratio of (compound (2a): hydrazine (1)) of 1: 1 to 1:20, preferably 1 : 2 to 1:10 to obtain the corresponding hydrazine compound (3a). Further, by reacting the hydrazine compound (3a) with the compound represented by the formula (2b), the hydrazine compound ( 3) can be obtained.
- hydrazine (1) a monohydrate is usually used.
- hydrazine (1) a commercially available product can be used as it is.
- the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- alcohol solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, n-pentyl alcohol, amyl alcohol; diethyl ether, Ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene; n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, etc.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as: N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, amide solvents such as hexamethylphosphoric triamide; Sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane; and two or more of these And the like; a mixed solvent of.
- alcohol solvents, ether solvents, and mixed solvents of alcohol solvents and ether solvents are preferable.
- the amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of compound used, reaction scale, etc., but is usually 1 to 100 g with respect to 1 g of hydrazine.
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in a temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the reaction time for each reaction is usually from several minutes to several hours depending on the reaction scale.
- the hydrazine compound (3) can also be produced by reducing the diazonium salt (5) using a conventionally known method as follows.
- X ⁇ represents an anion which is a counter ion for diazonium.
- examples of X ⁇ include inorganic anions such as hexafluorophosphate ion, borofluoride ion, chloride ion, sulfate ion; polyfluoroalkylcarboxylate ion, polyfluoroalkylsulfonate ion, tetraphenylborate ion And organic anions such as aromatic carboxylate ions and aromatic sulfonate ions.
- a metal salt reducing agent is generally a compound containing a low-valent metal or a compound consisting of a metal ion and a hydride source (“Organic Synthesis Experiment Handbook” 1990, page 810 issued by Maruzen Co., Ltd.) reference).
- Examples of the metal salt reducing agent include NaAlH 4 , NaAlH n (OR) m , LiAlH 4 , iBu 2 AlH, LiBH 4 , NaBH 4 , SnCl 2 , CrCl 2 , TiCl 3 and the like.
- the diazonium salt (5) can be produced from a compound such as aniline by a conventional method.
- the carbonyl compound (4) typically has an ether bond (—O—), an ester bond (—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —), a carbonate bond (—O—).
- C ( ⁇ O) —O—) and amide bond (—C ( ⁇ O) NH—, —NHC ( ⁇ O) —) can be arbitrarily combined to form a plurality of known compounds having a desired structure. It can be produced by appropriately binding and modifying.
- the ether bond can be formed, for example, as follows.
- D1-hal hal represents a halogen atom; the same shall apply hereinafter
- D2-OMet Metal represents an alkali metal (mainly sodium). The same) is mixed and condensed (Williamson synthesis).
- D1 and D2 represent arbitrary organic groups (the same applies hereinafter).
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-hal and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH are mixed and condensed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-J J represents an epoxy group
- a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH are mixed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- D1-OFN OFN represents a group having an unsaturated bond
- D2-OMet are mixed with a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. In the presence, they are mixed and subjected to an addition reaction.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-hal and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OMet are mixed and condensed in the presence of copper or cuprous chloride (Ullman condensation).
- Formation of an ester bond and an amide bond can be performed as follows, for example.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-COOH and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH or D2-NH 2 are dehydrated in the presence of a dehydration condensing agent (N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or the like). Allow to condense.
- a dehydration condensing agent N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or the like. Allow to condense.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-CO-hal is obtained by allowing a halogenating agent to act on the compound represented by the formula: D1-COOH, which is combined with the formula: D2-OH or D2-NH. The compound represented by 2 is reacted in the presence of a base.
- Y 11 represents Y 11 —C ( ⁇ O) —O— is Y .Y 1 representing one and becomes group .L of the same meaning as above, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a methanesulfonyloxy group, a leaving group such as a p- toluenesulfonyloxy group.
- the compound (7) is a compound (carboxylic acid) in which L is a hydroxyl group in the formula (7), dehydration condensation of 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, etc.
- the target product can be obtained by reacting in the presence of the agent.
- the amount of the dehydrating condensing agent to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol per 1 mol of compound (7).
- the desired product can be obtained by reacting in the presence of a base.
- a base examples include organic bases such as triethylamine and pyridine; and inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- the amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol per 1 mol of compound (7).
- the compound (7) is a compound (mixed acid anhydride) in which L is a methanesulfonyloxy group or p-toluenesulfonyloxy group in the formula (7) is the same as in the case of a halogen atom.
- solvent used in the above reaction examples include chlorine solvents such as chloroform and methylene chloride; amide solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
- Solvents such as 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene Solvents; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-pentane, n-hexane and n-octane; alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; and mixed solvents composed of two or more of these solvents; etc. Is mentioned.
- the amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of compound used, reaction scale, etc., but is usually 1 to 50 g with respect to 1 g of hydroxy compound (6).
- Many of the compounds (7) are known compounds, and include an ether bond (—O—), an ester bond (—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —), a carbonate bond (—O—).
- C ( ⁇ O) —O—) and amide bond (—C ( ⁇ O) NH—, —NHC ( ⁇ O) —) can be arbitrarily combined to form a plurality of known compounds having a desired structure. It can be produced by appropriately binding and modifying.
- any reaction after the completion of the reaction, the usual post-treatment operation in organic synthetic chemistry is performed, and if desired, by applying known separation / purification means such as column chromatography, recrystallization method, distillation method, etc. Product can be isolated.
- separation / purification means such as column chromatography, recrystallization method, distillation method, etc.
- the structure of the target compound can be identified by measurement of NMR spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum, etc., elemental analysis and the like.
- Compound (V) Another example of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a compound represented by the following formula (V) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “compound (V)”).
- a yw is the side chain mesogen and the group A 1w is a property of both the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen Affects.
- Y 1w to Y 8w are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O. —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, or —NR 1 —O— is represented.
- R 1 and preferred examples of Y 1w to Y 8w are the same as those described for Y 1 to Y 6 in formula (I).
- G 1w and G 2w each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.
- the divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a divalent aliphatic group having a chain structure such as an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; And divalent aliphatic groups such as a cycloalkanediyl group having 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenediyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and a divalent alicyclic fused ring group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the substituent for the divalent aliphatic group of G 1w and G 2w include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom; methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n -Butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, t-butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group and the like, such as alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Of these, a fluorine atom, a methoxy group, and an ethoxy group are preferable.
- the aliphatic group includes one or more —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C per aliphatic group.
- ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 2w —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 2w —, —NR 2w —, or —C ( ⁇ O) — may be present. Good. However, the case where two or more of —O— or —S— are adjacent to each other is excluded.
- R 2w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms as in R 1, and is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the group intervening in the aliphatic group is preferably —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —.
- G 1w and G 2w are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or the like, from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention.
- a divalent aliphatic group having a chain structure is preferable.
- Z 1w and Z 2w each independently represent an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom.
- Preferred examples of Z 1w and Z 2w are the same as those described for Z 1 and Z 2 in the formula [I].
- a xw represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring of A xw may have a plurality of aromatic rings. And having an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocycle.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring examples include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and an anthracene ring.
- aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic rings such as a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, and a thiazole ring; Benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoline ring, phthalazine ring, benzimidazole ring, benzopyrazole ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, thiazolopyridine ring, oxazolopyridine ring, thiazolopyrazine ring,
- the aromatic ring of A xw may have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom and chlorine atom; cyano group; alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group; and 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl group and allyl group.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a trifluoromethyl group; a substituted amino group such as a dimethylamino group; an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropoxy group; Nitro group; aryl group such as phenyl group and naphthyl group; —C ( ⁇ O) —R 5w ; —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 5w ; —SO 2 R 6w ;
- R 5w represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 6w is a carbon atom similar to R 4w described later. It represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphen
- the aromatic ring of A xw may have a plurality of the same or different substituents, and two adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a ring.
- the ring formed may be a single ring or a condensed polycycle, and may be an unsaturated ring or a saturated ring.
- the “carbon number” of the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in A xw means the total number of carbon atoms in the whole organic group not including the carbon atom of the substituent (the same applies to A yw described later). .
- the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring of A xw includes an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group; an aromatic heterocyclic ring Group: an alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group; from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group
- a xw is not limited to the following.
- “-” represents a bond extending from any position of the ring (the same applies hereinafter).
- E w represents NR 6w , an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- R 6w represents a hydrogen atom; or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group.
- X w , Y w and Z w each independently represent NR 7w , an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —SO— or —SO 2 — (provided that an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, — Except when SO— and —SO 2 — are adjacent to each other).
- R 7w, said R 6w same and a hydrogen atom represents a or a methyl group, an ethyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a propyl group.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable, and any of the following groups is more preferable.
- the ring of A xw may have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom and chlorine atom; cyano group; alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group; and 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl group and allyl group.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a trifluoromethyl group; a substituted amino group such as a dimethylamino group; an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropoxy group; Nitro group; aryl group such as phenyl group and naphthyl group; —C ( ⁇ O) —R 8w ; —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 8w ; —SO 2 R 6w ;
- R 8w represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group or an ethyl group; or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group.
- a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable.
- the ring of A xw may have a plurality of the same or different substituents, and two adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a ring.
- the ring formed may be monocyclic or condensed polycyclic.
- the “carbon number” of the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in A xw means the total number of carbon atoms in the whole organic group not including the carbon atom of the substituent (the same applies to A yw described later). .
- a yw has a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, —C ( ⁇ O) —R 3w , —SO 2 —R 4w , —C ( S) NH-R 9w or an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- R 3w has an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and a substituent.
- R 9w is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and an aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent are represented.
- alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent in A yw include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, and n-butyl.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms that may have a substituent in A yw include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, and a pentenyl group.
- the carbon number of the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent is preferably 2 to 12.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclooctyl group. Groups and the like.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms of the alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms that may have a substituent examples include a ethynyl group, a propynyl group, a 2-propynyl group (propargyl group), and a butynyl group.
- a substituent examples include a ethynyl group, a propynyl group, a 2-propynyl group (propargyl group), and a butynyl group.
- Examples of the substituent of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include a fluorine atom, chlorine Halogen atoms such as atoms; cyano groups; substituted amino groups such as dimethylamino groups; alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, isopropoxy groups, butoxy groups; methoxymethoxy groups, methoxyethoxy groups, etc.
- R 7w and R 10w are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a 6 to 12 carbon atom.
- R 8w represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group, similar to R 4w .
- Examples of the substituent of the alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms that may have a substituent of A yw include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may have a substituent and a substituent. And the same substituent as the substituent of the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be used.
- R 3w may have an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted group.
- Preferred examples thereof include an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples thereof include the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and the substituent of the above Ayw.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may be included are the same as those listed.
- R 4w represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group To express.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in R 4w include the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in the above Ayw . Examples are the same as those listed.
- Examples of the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocycle of A yw are the same as those exemplified for A xw above. Is mentioned.
- a yw includes a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- R 3w or —SO 2 —R 4w is more preferable.
- R 3w and R 4w represent the same meaning as described above.
- an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and an optionally substituted carbon
- substituent of the alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl Group, cyclohexyl group, cyclic ether group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, aryloxy group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, hydroxyl group, benzodioxanyl group, phenylsulfonyl group, 4-methylphenylsulfonyl group, benzoyl group, -SR 10w Is preferred.
- R 10w represents the same meaning as described above.
- Ayw has an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- a substituent of the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a cyano group are preferable.
- a xw and A yw may be combined to form a ring.
- Examples of such a ring include an unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and an unsaturated carbocyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.
- the unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and the unsaturated carbocyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms are not particularly limited and may or may not have aromaticity.
- the ring shown below is mentioned.
- the ring shown below is the one in the formula (I).
- X w , Y w and Z w represent the same meaning as described above.
- these rings may have a substituent.
- substituents include the same as those exemplified as the substituent of the aromatic ring of A xw .
- the total number of ⁇ electrons contained in A xw and A yw is preferably 4 or more and 24 or less, more preferably 6 or more and 20 or less, from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention. More preferably, it is 6 or more and 18 or less.
- a xw is an aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms
- a yw is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, (a halogen atom, a cyano group
- An aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms)
- (Halogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cyano group) which may have as a substituent a C 3-9 aromatic heterocyclic group or substituent
- the substituent is a halogen atom, a cyano group, or from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- An alkoxy group substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclic ether group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and an aryloxy group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms A combination of any one of a hydroxyl group, a benzodioxanyl group, a benzenesulfonyl group, a benzoyl group, -SR 10w , and ( ⁇ ) A xw and A yw together form an unsaturated heterocyclic ring or an unsaturated carbocyclic ring, Is mentioned.
- R 10w represents the same meaning as described above.
- a xw is any of the groups having the following structures
- a yw is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, (a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, carbon
- An aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms as a substituent, (halogen atom, 1 to 6 carbon atoms)
- R 10w represents the same meaning as described above.
- a xw is any of the groups having the following structures
- a yw is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, (a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, carbon
- An aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms as a substituent, (halogen atom, 1 to 6 carbon atoms)
- Atom, cyano group, alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon number 1 Alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclic ether group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, aryloxy group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, hydroxyl group, benzodioxanyl A combination of any one of a group, a benzenesulfonyl group, a benzoyl group, and —SR 10w .
- X represents the same meaning as described above.
- R 10w represents the same meaning as described above.
- a 1w represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- the trivalent aromatic group may be a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group or a trivalent heterocyclic aromatic group. From the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention, a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group is preferable, a trivalent benzene ring group or a trivalent naphthalene ring group is more preferable, and a trivalent represented by the following formula: The benzene ring group or trivalent naphthalene ring group is more preferable.
- the substituents Y 1w and Y 2w are described for convenience in order to clarify the bonding state (Y 1w and Y 2w represent the same meaning as described above, and the same applies hereinafter). .
- a 1w groups represented by the following formulas (A w 11) to (A w 25) are more preferable, and formulas (A w 11), (A w 13), (A w 15) ), (A w 19), and groups represented by (A w 23) are more preferred, and groups represented by formulas (A w 11) and (A w 23) are particularly preferred.
- Examples of the substituent that the trivalent aromatic group of A 1w may have include those exemplified as the substituent of the aromatic group of AXw .
- a 1w preferably has no substituent.
- a 2w and A 3w each independently represent a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms include a cycloalkanediyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and a divalent alicyclic condensed ring group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the cycloalkanediyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms include cyclopropanediyl group; cyclobutanediyl group such as cyclobutane-1,2-diyl group and cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group; cyclopentane-1,2-diyl group Cyclopentanediyl groups such as cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group; cyclohexanediyl groups such as cyclohexane-1,2-diyl group, cyclohexane-1,3-diyl group, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group; Cycloheptanediyl groups such as cycloheptane-1,2-diyl group, cycloheptane-1,3-diyl group, cycloheptane-1,4-diyl group; cyclooc
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic condensed ring group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms include decalin-2,5-diyl group, decalin-2,7-diyl group, etc .; adamantane-1,2-diyl group, adamantane Adamantanediyl group such as -1,3-diyl group; bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-diyl group, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,5-diyl group, bicyclo And bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanediyl groups such as [2.2.1] heptane-2,6-diyl group.
- These divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups may have a substituent at any position.
- substituents include the same as those exemplified as the substituent of the aromatic group of AXw .
- a 2w and A 3w a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, a cycloalkanediyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable, and the following formula (A w 31 ) ⁇ (A w 34)
- a w 32 a group represented by the formula (A w 32) is particularly preferable.
- the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms is a cis type or a trans type based on a difference in configuration of carbon atoms bonded to Y 1w , Y 3w (or Y 2w , Y 4w ).
- Stereoisomers can exist.
- a cis isomer (A w 32a) and a trans isomer (A w 32b) may exist as shown below.
- it may be a cis type, a trans type, or a mixture of cis and trans isomers.
- a trans type Preferably, there is a trans type.
- a 4w and A 5w each independently represent a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic group of A 4w and A 5w may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- Preferable specific examples of A 4w and A 5w include the following.
- the divalent aromatic groups of A 4w and A 5w may have a substituent at any position.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 8w group, and the like. It is done.
- R 8w is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group are preferable.
- the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group
- the alkoxy group is more preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group.
- a 4w and A 5w may each independently have a substituent, the following formulas (A w 41), ( The groups represented by A w 42) and (A w 43) are more preferable, and the group represented by the formula (A w 41) which may have a substituent is particularly preferable.
- Q 1w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include the same as those exemplified for the above AXw .
- Q 1w is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Compound (V) can be produced, for example, by the reaction shown below.
- a hydrazine compound represented by formula (3w) (hydrazine compound (3w)) is converted into a carbonyl compound (carbonyl compound (4w)) represented by formula (4w) and [hydrazine compound (3w): carbonyl compound ( 4w)] at a molar ratio of 1: 2 to 2: 1, preferably 1: 1.5 to 1.5: 1.
- V can be produced.
- the reaction can be carried out by adding an acid catalyst such as an organic acid such as ( ⁇ ) -10-camphorsulfonic acid and paratoluenesulfonic acid; an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid;
- an acid catalyst By adding an acid catalyst, the reaction time may be shortened and the yield may be improved.
- the addition amount of the acid catalyst is usually 0.001 to 1 mol per 1 mol of the carbonyl compound (4w). Further, the acid catalyst may be added as it is, or may be added as a solution dissolved in an appropriate solution.
- the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- alcohol solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol; diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane Ether solvents such as 1,4-dioxane and cyclopentyl methyl ether; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and methyl propionate; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene; n-pentane, n -Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane and n-heptane; Amides solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and hexamethyl
- the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of compound used, reaction scale, etc., but is usually 1 to 100 g with respect to 1 g of the hydrazine compound (3w).
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in the temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the reaction time for each reaction is usually from several minutes to several hours depending on the reaction scale.
- the hydrazine compound (3w) can be produced as follows.
- a xw and A yw represent the same meaning as described above.
- X w represents a leaving group such as a halogen atom, a methanesulfonyloxy group, and a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group.
- the compound represented by the formula (2wa) and hydrazine (1w) are mixed in a suitable solvent in a molar ratio of (compound (2wa): hydrazine (1w)) of 1: 1 to 1:20, preferably 1 : 2 to 1:10 to obtain the corresponding hydrazine compound (3wa), and by reacting the hydrazine compound (3wa) with the compound represented by the formula (2wb), the hydrazine compound ( 3w) can be obtained.
- hydrazine (1w) a monohydrate is usually used.
- hydrazine (1w) a commercially available product can be used as it is.
- the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- alcohol solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol; diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane Ether solvents such as 1,4-dioxane and cyclopentyl methyl ether
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene
- aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane
- amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide,
- the amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of compound used, reaction scale, etc., but is usually 1 to 100 g with respect to 1 g of hydrazine.
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in a temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the reaction time for each reaction is usually from several minutes to several hours depending on the reaction scale.
- the hydrazine compound (3w) can also be produced by reducing the diazonium salt (5w) using a conventionally known method as follows.
- a xw and A yw represent the same meaning as described above.
- X w ⁇ represents an anion which is a counter ion for diazonium.
- examples of X w- include inorganic anions such as hexafluorophosphate ion, borofluoride ion, chloride ion, sulfate ion; polyfluoroalkylcarboxylate ion, polyfluoroalkylsulfonate ion, tetraphenylborate And organic anions such as ions, aromatic carboxylate ions, and aromatic sulfonate ions.
- a metal salt reducing agent is mentioned as a reducing agent used for the said reaction.
- a metal salt reducing agent is generally a compound containing a low-valent metal or a compound comprising a metal ion and a hydride source (“Organic Synthesis Experiment Handbook”, 1990, published by Maruzen Co., Ltd., edited by the Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan). See).
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. LiAlH 4 , iBu 2 AlH, LiBH 4 , NaBH 4 , SnCl 2 , CrCl 2 , TiCl 3 and the like.
- the diazonium salt (5 w ) can be produced from a compound such as aniline by a conventional method.
- the carbonyl compound (4 w ) typically has an ether bond (—O—), an ester bond (—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —), a carbonate bond (—O—).
- Formation of an ether bond can be performed as follows.
- D1-hal hal represents a halogen atom; the same shall apply hereinafter
- D2-OMet Metal represents an alkali metal (mainly sodium). The same) is mixed and condensed (Williamson synthesis).
- D1 and D2 represent arbitrary organic groups (the same applies hereinafter).
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-hal and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH are mixed and condensed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-J J represents an epoxy group
- a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH are mixed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- D1-OFN OFN represents a group having an unsaturated bond
- D2-OMet are mixed with a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. In the presence, they are mixed and subjected to an addition reaction.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-hal and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OMet are mixed and condensed in the presence of copper or cuprous chloride (Ullman condensation).
- Formation of an ester bond and an amide bond can be performed as follows.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-COOH and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH or D2-NH 2 are dehydrated in the presence of a dehydration condensing agent (N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or the like). Allow to condense.
- a dehydration condensing agent N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or the like. Allow to condense.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-CO-hal is obtained by allowing a halogenating agent to act on the compound represented by the formula: D1-COOH, which is combined with the formula: D2-OH or D2-NH. The compound represented by 2 is reacted in the presence of a base.
- carbonyl compound (4w) of the present invention can be produced by the method shown in the following reaction formula.
- L 1w and L 2w are a hydroxyl group and a halogen atom. atom, methanesulfonyloxy group, represents a leaving group.
- -Y 1aw is such p- toluenesulfonyloxy group, to react with -L 1 w, -Y 1 w - represent become group, -Y 2Aw is - This represents a group that reacts with L 2w to become —Y 2w —.
- Y 1w is a group represented by Y 11w —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, and the formula: Z 2w —Y 8w —G 2w —Y 6w —A 5w —Y 4w —A 3w -Y 2w - group represented by the formula: Z 1w -Y 7w -G 1w -Y 5w -A 4w -Y 3w -A 2w -Y 1w - is identical to the group represented by the compound (4w The production method of ') is shown below.
- Y 3w , Y 5w , Y 7w , G 1w , Z 1w , A 1w , A 2w , A 4w , Q 1w , and L 1w represent the same meaning as described above.
- Y 1 w represents a group serving as Y 1 w as defined above.
- the compound (7w) is a compound (carboxylic acid) in which L 1w is a hydroxyl group in the formula (7w), dehydration of 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, etc.
- the target product can be obtained by reacting in the presence of a condensing agent.
- the amount of the dehydrating condensing agent to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol per 1 mol of compound (7w).
- the compound (7w) is a compound (carboxylic acid) in which L 1w is a hydroxyl group in the formula (7w), a sulfonyl halide such as methanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine,
- a base such as pyridine or 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine.
- the amount of the sulfonyl halide to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol per 1 mol of compound (7w).
- the amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol per 1 mol of compound (7w).
- a compound (mixed acid anhydride) in which L 1w is a sulfonyloxy group may be isolated to perform the next reaction.
- the desired product can be obtained by reacting in the presence of a base.
- a base examples include organic bases such as triethylamine and pyridine; and inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- the amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol per 1 mol of compound (7w).
- Examples of the solvent used in the above reaction include chlorine solvents such as chloroform and methylene chloride; amide solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide; Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-pentane, n-hexane and n-octane; alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; and mixed solvents composed of two or more of these solvents; It is done.
- the compound (6w) is a known substance and can be produced by a known method. For example, it can be produced by the method shown in the following reaction formula (see WO2009 / 042544 and The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2011, 76, 8082-8087, etc.). What is marketed as a compound (6w) can also be refine
- a 1w and Q 1w represent the same meaning as described above, A 1aw represents a divalent aromatic group that becomes A 1w by formylation or acylation, and R w ′ represents a methyl group. And represents a hydroxyl-protecting group such as an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as an ethyl group, and an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxymethyl group.) That is, after the hydroxyl group of a dihydroxy compound represented by the formula (6wa) (1,4-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, etc.) is alkylated to obtain a compound represented by the formula (6wb), OR The ortho-position of the w ′ group is formylated or acylated by a known method to obtain a compound represented by the formula (6wc), and this is deprotected (dealkylated) to obtain the objective
- the compound (6w) to be obtained can
- Y 12w represents —O—C ( ⁇ O) —Y 12w represents Y .
- R w representing the become group 3w is an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, represents a); phenyl, p- aryl group which may have a substituent such as a methyl phenyl group.
- the compound (9w ′) is reacted with a sulfonyl chloride represented by the formula (10w) in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine.
- a base such as triethylamine or 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine.
- the reaction is carried out by adding the compound (8w) and a base such as triethylamine, 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine to the reaction mixture.
- the amount of sulfonyl chloride to be used is generally 0.5-0.7 equivalent per 1 equivalent of compound (9w ′).
- the amount of compound (8w) to be used is generally 0.5-0.6 equivalent per 1 equivalent of compound (9w ′).
- the amount of the base to be used is generally 0.5-0.7 equivalent relative to 1 equivalent of compound (3w).
- the reaction temperature is 20 to 30 ° C., and the reaction time is several minutes to several hours depending on the reaction scale and the like.
- a solvent used for the said reaction what was illustrated as a solvent which can be used when manufacturing the said compound (4w ') is mentioned. Of these, ethers are preferred.
- the amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of compound used, reaction scale, etc., but is usually 1 to 50 g with respect to 1 g of compound (9w ′).
- any reaction after the completion of the reaction, the usual post-treatment operation in organic synthetic chemistry is performed, and if desired, by applying known separation / purification means such as column chromatography, recrystallization method, distillation method, etc. Product can be isolated.
- separation / purification means such as column chromatography, recrystallization method, distillation method, etc.
- the structure of the target compound can be identified by measurement of NMR spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum, etc., elemental analysis or the like.
- the composition (A) contains a polymerizable monomer.
- the “polymerizable monomer” refers to a compound other than the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound, among compounds having a polymerization ability and capable of functioning as a monomer.
- the polymerizable monomer for example, one having one or more polymerizable groups per molecule can be used. By having such a polymerizable group, polymerization can be achieved in forming the optically anisotropic layer.
- the polymerizable monomer is a crosslinkable monomer having two or more polymerizable groups per molecule, crosslinkable polymerization can be achieved.
- polymerizable groups examples include the same groups as the groups Z 1 —Y 5 — and Z 2 —Y 6 — in the compound (I), and more specifically, for example, acryloyl group, methacryloyl Groups and epoxy groups.
- the polymerizable monomer usually has one or more mesogens per molecule and can be polymerized together with the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound when forming the optically anisotropic layer.
- the polymerizable monomer mesogen usually has a wavelength dispersion characteristic of birefringence ⁇ n different from that of the reverse dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerizable monomer mesogen can be aligned in parallel with either the main chain mesogen or the side chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerizable monomer may have a mesogen having a structure close to one of a main chain mesogen and a side chain mesogen of the reverse dispersion wavelength polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerizable monomer has a wavelength dispersion characteristic of birefringence ⁇ n different from that of the reverse dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and the main chain mesogen or side chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Can be oriented in parallel.
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer include a compound represented by the following formula (II) and a compound represented by the following formula (III) (hereinafter referred to as “compound (II)” and “compound (III)”, respectively). .).
- Y 1 to Y 6 , G 1 , G 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 , and A 1 to A 3 each have the same meaning as described in the description of formula (I).
- R 10 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Compound (II) is the same as the corresponding group in Compound (I) in which Y 1 to Y 6 , G 1 , G 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 , and A 1 to A 3 in the structure are used together It may be different or different. However, it is preferable to use the same compound (II) in which the mesogenic portion and the polymerizable group portion are the same as the compound (I) used together, in order to obtain a good orientation. More specifically, it is preferable that Y 1 to Y 6 , Z 1 , Z 2 , and A 1 to A 3 are common to the compound (I) and the compound (II).
- Y 1x to Y 6x , G 1x , G 2x , Z 1x , Z 2x , A xx , A ix , A 1x to A 3x , and Q 1x are each represented by formula (I) Y 1 to Y 6 , G 1 , G 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 , A x , A y , A 1 to A 3 , and Q 1 represent the same meaning. However, at least one of these is different from the corresponding group in the compound (I) used together.
- Y 1x to Y 6x , G 1x , G 2x , Z 1x , Z 2x , A xx , A yx , A 2x to A 3x , and Q 1x is the same as Y 1 to Y 6 , G 1 , G 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 , A x , A y , A 2 to A 3 , and Q 1 in the compound (I) used together.
- a 1x may be different from A 1 in the compound (I) used together.
- a 1 in compound (I) is a group represented by the following formula (A25), while in compound (III) A 1x is a group represented by the following formula (A26), and the other groups include the same combinations.
- a 1 and A 1x are shown together with Y 1 and Y 2 for convenience of illustration.
- the polymerizable monomer is compound (III)
- the group -Y 3x -A 2x -Y 1x -A 1x -Y 2x -A 3x -Y 4x -and the group> A 1x -C (Q 1x ) NN ( Axx ) Ayx becomes a mesogen.
- compound (IV) As a further example of the polymerizable monomer, a compound represented by the following formula (IV) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “compound (IV)”) may be mentioned.
- the polymerizable monomer itself may be liquid crystalline or non-liquid crystalline.
- the polymerizable monomer is preferably non-liquid crystalline, and is particularly preferably compound (III) and non-liquid crystalline.
- non-liquid crystalline per se means that the polymerizable monomer itself does not show orientation on a substrate subjected to orientation treatment even when placed at any temperature from room temperature to 200 ° C. Say things. Whether or not the orientation is indicated is determined by whether or not there is a contrast between light and dark when the rubbing direction is rotated by the surface phase in the crossed Nicol transmission observation of the polarizing microscope.
- the blending ratio of the polymerizable monomer is usually 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Within the above range, precise control of the reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic is facilitated by appropriately adjusting the blending ratio of the polymerizable monomer so as to exhibit the desired reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic.
- the polymerizable monomer can be produced by a known production method. Or what has a structure similar to compound (I) can be manufactured according to the manufacturing method of compound (I).
- composition (A) can contain arbitrary components such as those exemplified below as necessary, in addition to the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the polymerizable monomer.
- composition (A) may contain any monomer that can be copolymerized with the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the optional monomer examples include, for example, 4- (2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy) benzoic acid-4′-methoxyphenyl, 4- (6-methacryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid biphenyl, 4- (2 -Acryloyloxyethyloxy) benzoic acid-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4- (2-methacrylolyloxyethyloxy) benzoic acid-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4- (2-methacrylolyloxyethyloxy) benzoic acid -3 ′, 4′-difluorophenyl, 4- (2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy) benzoic acid naphthyl, 4-acryloyloxy-4′-decylbiphenyl, 4-acryloyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyl, 4- (2 -Acryloyloxyethyloxy) -4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4- (2-methacryl
- LC-242 commercial product; manufactured by BASF
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2007-002208, 2009-173893, 2009-274984, and 2010- It is also possible to use compounds disclosed in JP030979, JP2010-031223A, JP2011006360A, and the like.
- the ratio of the arbitrary monomer is 50% by weight with respect to the total of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the polymerizable monomer, and the arbitrary monomer. Is preferably less than 30% by weight, and more preferably 30% by weight or less.
- the lower limit of the proportion of any monomer can be 0% by weight. If it exists in this range, since the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the optically anisotropic layer obtained becomes high and high film
- Composition (A) may contain a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator it can select suitably according to the kind of polymeric group which a reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a polymerizable monomer, and another polymerizable compound have in a composition (A).
- a radical polymerization initiator can be used if the polymerizable group is radical polymerizable
- an anionic polymerization initiator can be used if it is an anion polymerizable group
- a cationic polymerization initiator can be used if it is a cationic polymerizable group.
- a thermal radical generator which is a compound that generates an active species capable of initiating polymerization of a polymerizable compound by heating; and visible light, ultraviolet light (i-line, etc.), far ultraviolet light, electron beam
- photoradical generators which are compounds that generate active species capable of initiating polymerization of a polymerizable compound upon exposure to exposure light such as X-rays, can be used, but photoradical generators are used. Is preferred.
- Photoradical generators include acetophenone compounds, biimidazole compounds, triazine compounds, O-acyloxime compounds, onium salt compounds, benzoin compounds, benzophenone compounds, ⁇ -diketone compounds, polynuclear quinone compounds , Xanthone compounds, diazo compounds, imide sulfonate compounds, and the like. These compounds are components that generate active radicals or active acids or both active radicals and active acids upon exposure.
- a photoradical generator can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- acetophenone compounds include 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) butan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, Examples thereof include 1,2-octanedione, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-4′-morpholinobutyrophenone, and the like.
- biimidazole compound examples include 2,2′-bis (2-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetrakis (4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl) -1,2′-biimidazole, 2 , 2'-bis (2-bromophenyl) -4,4 ', 5,5'-tetrakis (4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl) -1,2'-biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (2-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ', 5,5'-tetraphenyl-1,2'-biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -4,4', 5,5'-tetraphenyl-1 , 2′-biimidazole, 2,2′-bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetraphenyl-1,2′-biimi
- a hydrogen donor means a compound that can donate a hydrogen atom to a radical generated from a biimidazole compound by exposure.
- the hydrogen donor mercaptan compounds, amine compounds and the like defined below are preferable.
- Examples of mercaptan compounds include 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-2,5-dimethylaminopyridine and the like. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of amine compounds include 4,4′-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 4-diethylaminoacetophenone, 4-dimethylaminopropiophenone, ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, Examples include 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid and 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile.
- triazine compounds examples include 2,4,6-tris (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2-methyl-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- [2- (5-methylfuran -2-yl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- [2- (furan-2-yl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine 2- [2- (4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- [2- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl] -4 , 6-Bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-tri
- O-acyloxime compounds include 1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl] -heptane-1,2-dione 2- (O-benzoyloxime), 1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl]- Octane-1,2-dione 2- (O-benzoyloxime), 1- [4- (benzoyl) phenyl] -octane-1,2-dione 2- (O-benzoyloxime), 1- [9-ethyl- 6- (2-Methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazol-3-yl] -ethanone 1- (O-acetyloxime), 1- [9-ethyl-6- (3-methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazole-3- Yl] -ethanone 1- (O-acetyloxime), 1- (9-ethyl-6-benzoyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) -ethanone 1- (O-acetyl)
- anionic polymerization initiator examples include alkyl lithium compounds; monolithium salts or monosodium salts such as biphenyl, naphthalene, and pyrene; polyfunctional initiators such as dilithium salts and trilithium salts; and the like.
- the cationic polymerization initiator examples include proton acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and tin tetrachloride.
- These polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending ratio of the polymerization initiator is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- Composition (A) may contain a surfactant for adjusting the surface tension.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, but a nonionic surfactant is usually preferable.
- a commercially available product can be used as the nonionic surfactant.
- a nonionic surfactant which is an oligomer having a molecular weight of about several thousand, for example, KH-40 manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the blending ratio of the surfactant is usually 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- Composition (A) may contain a solvent such as an organic solvent.
- organic solvents include ketones such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and methyl isobutyl ketone; acetate esters such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane and dichloroethane; Examples include ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, and mesitylene.
- the boiling point of the solvent is preferably 60 to 250 ° C., more preferably 60 to 150 ° C., from the viewpoint of excellent handleability.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually 100 to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- the composition (A) is further composed of metal, metal complex, dye, pigment, fluorescent material, phosphorescent material, leveling agent, thixotropic agent, gelling agent, polysaccharide, ultraviolet absorber, infrared absorber, antioxidant, ion.
- An optional additive such as an exchange resin and a metal oxide such as titanium oxide may be included.
- the ratio of such optional additives is usually 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- Composition (A) can usually be prepared by mixing the components described above.
- optically anisotropic layer is a layer formed by curing the composition (A).
- composition (A) Upon curing, a part of the components constituting the composition (A) may be chemically changed or may be discharged out of the system and disappear. For example, usually, upon curing, all or most of the polymerizable compound is polymerized into a polymer, while all or most of the solvent volatilizes and disappears.
- the composition (A) is usually cured by coating the composition (A) on the support or the surface of the alignment film provided on the support, and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the layer of the composition (A). Can be achieved by orienting in the desired direction, drying the layer of the composition (A) as necessary, and subsequently polymerizing the polymerizable compound.
- the support and the alignment film used in this production process may be used as components of the retardation plate as they are. Alternatively, the support and the alignment film may be peeled off and only the optically anisotropic layer may be used as the retardation plate.
- the support is not particularly limited, and may be a plate or film made of a known organic or inorganic material.
- organic materials include polycycloolefins (for example, ZEONEX, ZEONOR (registered trademark; manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION), ARTON (registered trademark; manufactured by JSR), and APPEL (registered trademark; manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals)), polyethylene terephthalate , Polycarbonate, polyimide, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose, cellulose triacetate, and polyethersulfone.
- inorganic materials include silicon, glass, and calcite. An organic material is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and good handleability.
- An alignment film can be provided on the surface of the support. In that case, an optically anisotropic layer can be formed on the alignment film.
- the alignment film can align the liquid crystal compound in the composition (A) in one direction in a plane.
- the alignment film contains a polymer such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyarylate, polyamideimide, or polyetherimide.
- the alignment film can be obtained by applying a solution (composition for alignment film) containing such a polymer on the substrate in the form of a film, drying it, and rubbing it in one direction.
- the thickness of the alignment film is preferably 0.001 to 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.001 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the support or the alignment film can be rubbed as necessary.
- an orientation ability for orienting a compound capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity in the composition (A) can be imparted to the surface.
- the rubbing treatment method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of rubbing the surface of the support or the alignment film in a fixed direction with a roll made of a synthetic fiber such as nylon or a natural fiber such as cotton or a felt.
- a synthetic fiber such as nylon or a natural fiber such as cotton or a felt.
- the alignment film can be provided with a function of regulating the alignment of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer having cholesteric regularity in one direction in a plane by irradiating the surface of the alignment film with polarized ultraviolet rays. it can.
- an ion beam alignment method in which an ion beam such as Ar + is obliquely incident on the support to impart alignment ability to the support can be used.
- composition (A) examples include curtain coating method, extrusion coating method, roll coating method, spin coating method, dip coating method, bar coating method, spray coating method, slide coating method, print coating method, and gravure coating.
- Method, die coating method, cap coating method, and dipping method examples include curtain coating method, extrusion coating method, roll coating method, spin coating method, dip coating method, bar coating method, spray coating method, slide coating method, print coating method, and gravure coating.
- a layer of the composition (A) can be formed by such coating, and the liquid crystal compound in the layer can be aligned in a desired manner.
- orientation may be achieved immediately by application, but may also be achieved by performing orientation treatment such as heating after application, if necessary.
- the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen are aligned in different directions.
- the angle formed by the orientation direction of the main chain mesogen and the orientation direction of the side chain mesogen can be any angle other than 0 °, but 70 to 110 ° achieves a good reverse dispersion wavelength. Preferred above.
- Such orientation can be achieved by, for example, appropriately selecting a compound having a desired orientation from the compounds exemplified above as the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerizable monomer mesogen is preferably oriented. Furthermore, the mesogen of the polymerizable monomer is more preferably aligned in parallel with either the main chain mesogen or the side chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the drying of the layer of the composition (A) can be achieved by a drying method such as natural drying, heat drying, vacuum drying, and vacuum heat drying.
- the solvent can be removed by such drying.
- a method suitable for the properties of the components of the composition (A) such as the polymerizable compound and the polymerization initiator can be appropriately selected.
- examples thereof include a method of irradiating active energy rays and a thermal polymerization method.
- a method of irradiating active energy rays is preferable because the reaction proceeds at room temperature without requiring heating.
- the irradiated active energy rays can include light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light, and arbitrary energy rays such as electron beams.
- a method of irradiating light such as ultraviolet rays is preferable because the operation is simple.
- the temperature during ultraviolet irradiation is preferably 30 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the temperature during ultraviolet irradiation can be 15 ° C. or higher.
- Ultraviolet irradiation intensity is usually, 0.1mW / cm 2 ⁇ 1000mW / cm 2 range, preferably in the range of 0.5mW / cm 2 ⁇ 200mW / cm 2.
- the optically anisotropic layer In the optically anisotropic layer, the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound are aligned in different directions.
- the “mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound” in the optically anisotropic layer is a mesogen existing in the molecule of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound is polymerized. It is a mesogen in the polymer produced by this.
- the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen are oriented in different directions, so that the birefringence ⁇ n of the optically anisotropic layer has the reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic. It can be expressed.
- the fact that the birefringence ⁇ n of the optically anisotropic layer has an inverse wavelength dispersion characteristic is measured by using a phase difference analyzer (product name “AxoScan” manufactured by AXOMETRIC, etc.) to measure the birefringence ⁇ n at various wavelengths ⁇ . Can be confirmed.
- the mesogen of the polymerizable monomer is preferably oriented.
- the “polymerizable monomer mesogen” in the optically anisotropic layer is a mesogen present in the molecule of the polymerizable monomer, and is a mesogen in the polymer produced by polymerization of the polymerizable monomer. More preferably, the mesogen of the polymerizable monomer is aligned in parallel with either the main chain mesogen or the side chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerizable monomer By orienting the polymerizable monomer in such an embodiment, good orientation can be obtained and precise adjustment of reverse wavelength dispersion can be achieved.
- the polymerizable monomer has two or more mesogens per molecule, one of them is parallel to the main chain mesogen of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and the other is reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable. You may align in parallel with the side chain mesogen of a liquid crystal compound.
- the retardation of the optically anisotropic layer satisfies the following relationship. That is, retardations Re0 (450 nm), Re0 (550 nm) and Re0 (650 nm) at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm of the layer obtained by curing the composition (A0), and wavelengths of the optically anisotropic layer of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm.
- Retardation in Re (450 nm), Re (550 nm) and Re (650 nm) satisfy the relationship of the following formulas (i) and (ii), or satisfy the relationship of the following formulas (iii) and (iv) .
- the composition (A0) is a composition obtained by replacing the polymerizable monomer in the composition (A) with a reverse dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the composition (A) is composed of a reverse dispersion wavelength polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a polymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, a surfactant and a solvent, and the total proportion of the reverse dispersion wavelength polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the polymerizable monomer is
- the composition (A0) is a composition comprising a reverse dispersion wavelength polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a photopolymerization initiator, a surfactant, and a solvent, and the ratio of the reverse dispersion wavelength polymerizable liquid crystal compound is x% by weight, and the composition ratio of the photopolymerization initiator, the surfactant and the solvent is the same as that of the composition (A).
- the conditions for forming the layer formed by curing the composition (A0) are the same as the conditions for curing the composition (A) to form the optically anisotropic layer.
- the optical characteristics of the layer obtained by curing the composition (A0) thus obtained satisfy the predetermined conditions described above, precise control of the inverse wavelength dispersion characteristics can be achieved. it can.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted so that properties such as retardation can be within a desired range.
- the lower limit of the thickness is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, while the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and is 5 ⁇ m or less. Is more preferable.
- the retardation plate of the present invention may be composed of only the optically anisotropic layer described above, or may have other layers as necessary.
- the layers other than the optically anisotropic layer can be usually optically isotropic layers.
- optional layers include an adhesive layer that bonds each layer, a mat layer that improves the slipperiness of the film, a hard coat layer such as an impact-resistant polymethacrylate resin layer, an antireflection layer, and an antifouling layer. It is done.
- the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention includes the retardation plate of the present invention and a linear polarizer.
- linear polarizer a known polarizer used in an apparatus such as a liquid crystal display device can be used.
- linear polarizers are those obtained by adsorbing iodine or dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol film and then uniaxially stretching in a boric acid bath, and iodine or dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol film.
- examples thereof include those obtained by adsorbing and stretching and further modifying a part of the polyvinyl alcohol unit in the molecular chain into a polyvinylene unit.
- linear polarizer examples include a polarizer having a function of separating polarized light into reflected light and transmitted light, such as a grid polarizer, a multilayer polarizer, and a cholesteric liquid crystal polarizer. Of these, a polarizer containing polyvinyl alcohol is preferred.
- the polarization degree of the polarizer used for this invention is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 98% or more, More preferably, it is 99% or more.
- the upper limit of the degree of polarization is ideally 100%.
- the average thickness of the polarizer is preferably 5 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 100 to 150 nm.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the retardation film and the transmission axis of the linear polarizer is preferably 45 ° or an angle close thereto, specifically 40 to 50 °. . By having such a phase difference and an angle, it can be set as a circularly-polarizing plate useful for the use of the component of a liquid crystal display device.
- the retardation plate of the present invention may be composed of only an optically anisotropic layer, or may have an arbitrary layer such as a support or an alignment film in addition to the optically anisotropic layer.
- the circularly polarizing plate may have an optional layer such as a support or an alignment film as an optional component.
- the image display device of the present invention includes the retardation plate of the present invention.
- the retardation plate may be combined with a linear polarizer and provided as a circularly polarizing plate.
- Examples of the image display device of the present invention include a liquid crystal display device, an organic electroluminescence display device, a plasma display device, an FED (field emission) display device, and an SED (surface electric field) display device.
- An apparatus is particularly preferred.
- Liquid crystal cell driving methods include, for example, in-plane switching (IPS) method, vertical alignment (VA) method, multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) method, continuous spin wheel alignment (CPA) method, hybrid alignment nematic (HAN) Examples thereof include a twisted nematic (TN) method, a super twisted nematic (STN) method, and an optically compensated bend (OCB) method.
- IPS in-plane switching
- VA vertical alignment
- MVA multi-domain vertical alignment
- CPA continuous spin wheel alignment
- HAN hybrid alignment nematic
- TN twisted nematic
- STN super twisted nematic
- OOB optically compensated bend
- the in-plane switching method and the vertical alignment method are preferable, and the in-plane switching method is particularly preferable.
- the in-plane switching type liquid crystal cell has a wide viewing angle, it is possible to further widen the viewing angle by applying a retardation plate.
- the image display device of the present invention may include only one retardation plate of the present invention or two or more.
- the retardation plate of the present invention can be provided by being attached to another component such as a liquid crystal cell via an adhesive.
- the structure was identified by 1 H-NMR.
- Step 2 Synthesis of Compound (I) -1>
- 10.5 g (15.3 mmol) of the intermediate A synthesized in Step 1 above 3.0 g (18.3 mmol) of 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole in a nitrogen stream, And 80 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) were added to obtain a uniform solution.
- 18 mg (0.08 mmol) of ( ⁇ ) -10-camphorsulfonic acid was added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the reaction solution was poured into 800 ml of 10% sodium bicarbonate water and extracted twice with 100 ml of ethyl acetate.
- the ethyl acetate layer was collected and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and sodium sulfate was filtered off.
- Ethyl acetate was distilled off from the filtrate under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to obtain a pale yellow solid.
- the structure of the target product was identified by 1 H-NMR and mass spectrum.
- composition (A0) (C1-1. Preparation of Composition (A0)) A mixture having the composition shown in Table 1 below was stirred uniformly and filtered through a 0.6 ⁇ m filter to obtain a composition (A0).
- the multilayer was irradiated with ultraviolet rays using a metal halide lamp to polymerize the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the irradiation amount of the ultraviolet rays was an illuminance of 16 mW / cm 2 and the exposure amount was 100 mJ / cm 2 .
- a retardation plate composed of a support and an optically anisotropic layer having a thickness of 1.4 ⁇ m provided thereon was obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the refractive index when the wavelength ⁇ is 407 nm, 532 nm, and 633 nm and performing Cauchy fitting from the measured values of the three wavelengths. Since the refractive index in the fast axis direction is smaller than the refractive index in the slow axis direction and the chromatic dispersion is large, it can be seen that the retardation plate exhibits reverse chromatic dispersion characteristics.
- the relationship between the azimuth angle of polarized light and the measured absorption is shown in FIG.
- the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index in the visible light region of the compound having a structure similar to the main chain mesogen of compound (I) -1 and the compound having a structure similar to the side chain mesogen of compound (I) -1 is examined, the latter
- the chromatic dispersion is larger.
- a compound having a larger visible light wavelength dispersion has an absorption peak closer to the visible light region.
- the absorption peak becomes maximum when the polarization direction and the major axis direction of the mesogen are parallel.
- the peak at 266 nm is derived from the main chain mesogen
- the peak at 347 nm is derived from the side chain mesogen
- the orientation direction of the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen It can be seen that it is orthogonal to the orientation direction.
- Example 1 (1-1. Preparation of Composition (A)) A mixture having the composition shown in Table 2 below was stirred uniformly and filtered through a 0.6 ⁇ m filter to obtain a composition (A-1).
- composition (A-1) Apart from the composition (A-1), a composition in which 20.0% by weight of the polymerizable monomer (II) -1 is added to cyclopentanone is prepared, applied onto the substrate subjected to orientation treatment, and once more. After drying the solvent, the temperature was changed in the range of room temperature to 200 ° C., and the presence or absence of liquid crystallinity was observed with a polarizing microscope. As a result, liquid crystallinity was exhibited at 122 ° C.
- Step (C1-2) of Comparative Example 1 except that the composition (A-1) obtained in Step (1-1) was used instead of the composition (A0) obtained in Step (C1-1).
- a retardation plate was produced.
- the film thickness of the optically anisotropic layer of the obtained retardation plate was 1.2 ⁇ m.
- the birefringence ⁇ n was measured at various wavelengths ⁇ in the same manner as in the step (C1-3) of Comparative Example 1, and the wavelength dispersion characteristic of ⁇ n was obtained.
- the measured chromatic dispersion characteristics are shown in FIG. 4 in comparison with the results of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 (2-1. Preparation of Composition (A-2)) A mixture having the composition shown in Table 3 below was stirred uniformly and filtered through a 0.6 ⁇ m filter to obtain a composition (A-2).
- composition (A-2) Apart from the composition (A-2), a composition in which 20.0% by weight of the polymerizable monomer (IV) is added to cyclopentanone is prepared, applied onto the alignment-treated substrate, and once the solvent is added. After drying, the temperature was changed in the range of room temperature to 200 ° C., and the presence or absence of liquid crystallinity was observed with a polarizing microscope.
- Example 3 (3-1. Preparation of Composition (A-3)) A mixture having the composition shown in Table 4 below was stirred uniformly and filtered through a 0.6 ⁇ m filter to obtain a composition (A-3).
- composition (A-3) Apart from the composition (A-3), a composition obtained by adding 20.0% by weight of the polymerizable monomer (III) -4 to cyclopentanone was prepared and applied on the substrate subjected to the orientation treatment. After the solvent was dried, the temperature was changed in the range of room temperature to 200 ° C., and the presence or absence of liquid crystallinity was observed with a polarizing microscope.
- Example 4 (4-1. Preparation of Composition (A-4)) A mixture having the composition shown in Table 3 below was stirred uniformly and filtered through a 0.6 ⁇ m filter to obtain a composition (A-4).
- composition (A-4) Apart from the composition (A-4), a composition in which 20.0% by weight of the polymerizable monomer (III) -1 is added to cyclopentanone is prepared and applied onto the substrate subjected to the orientation treatment. After the solvent was dried, the temperature was changed in the range of room temperature to 200 ° C., and the presence or absence of liquid crystallinity was observed with a polarizing microscope.
- Step (C1-2) of Comparative Example 1 except that the composition (A-4) obtained in Step (4-1) was used instead of the composition (A0) obtained in Step (C1-1).
- a retardation plate was produced.
- the film thickness of the optically anisotropic layer of the obtained retardation plate was 1.7 ⁇ m.
- the birefringence ⁇ n was measured at various wavelengths ⁇ in the same manner as in the step (C1-3) of Comparative Example 1, and the wavelength dispersion characteristic of ⁇ n was obtained.
- the measured wavelength dispersion characteristics are shown in FIG. 10 in comparison with the results of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 5 (5-1. Preparation of Composition (A-5)) A mixture having the composition shown in Table 6 below was stirred uniformly and filtered through a 0.6 ⁇ m filter to obtain a composition (A-5).
- composition (A-5) Apart from the composition (A-5), a composition in which 20.0% by weight of the polymerizable monomer (III) -2 is added to cyclopentanone is prepared and applied onto the substrate subjected to the orientation treatment. After the solvent was dried, the temperature was changed in the range of room temperature to 200 ° C., and the presence or absence of liquid crystallinity was observed with a polarizing microscope.
- the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and sodium sulfate was filtered off. After the filtrate was concentrated on a rotary evaporator, the concentrate was dissolved in 15 ml of THF. 200 ml of methanol was added to the solution to precipitate crystals, and the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration. The obtained crystals were washed with methanol and vacuum-dried to obtain 2.85 g of intermediate K1 as a white solid (yield 72.3%). The structure of the target product was identified by 1 H-NMR.
- a four-necked reactor equipped with a thermometer was charged with 2.00 g (12.1 mmol) of 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole and 20 ml of DMF in a nitrogen stream to obtain a uniform solution.
- 8.36 g (60.5 mmol) of potassium carbonate and 3.08 g (14.5 mmol) of 1-iodohexane were added, and the whole volume was stirred at 50 ° C. for 7 hours.
- the reaction solution was cooled to 20 ° C., poured into 200 ml of water, and extracted with 300 ml of ethyl acetate.
- Step 6 Synthesis of Compound 25
- composition (A0-1) A mixture having the composition shown in Table 7 below was stirred uniformly and filtered through a 0.6 ⁇ m filter to obtain a composition (A0-1).
- FIG. 15 shows the results obtained by measuring the refractive index when the wavelength ⁇ is 407 nm, 532 nm, and 633 nm and performing Cauchy fitting from the measured values of the three wavelengths.
- the broken line indicates the refractive index in the fast axis direction
- the solid line indicates the refractive index in the slow axis direction. Since the refractive index in the fast axis direction is smaller than the refractive index in the slow axis direction and the chromatic dispersion is large, it can be seen that the retardation plate exhibits reverse chromatic dispersion characteristics.
- Example 6 (6-1. Preparation of Composition (A-6)) A mixture having the composition shown in Table 8 below was stirred uniformly and filtered through a 0.6 ⁇ m filter to obtain a composition (A-6).
- composition (A-6) Apart from the composition (A-6), a composition in which 20.0% by weight of the polymerizable monomer (IV) is added to cyclopentanone is prepared, applied onto the alignment-treated substrate, and once the solvent is added. After drying, the temperature was changed in the range of room temperature to 200 ° C., and the presence or absence of liquid crystallinity was observed with a polarizing microscope.
- the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index in the slow axis direction was smaller than that in Comparative Example 2, and the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index in the fast axis direction was also smaller than that in Comparative Example 2.
- the reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic of ⁇ n of the retardation plate is increased.
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Abstract
Description
本発明のさらなる目的は、逆波長分散特性を有しかつその精密な制御が容易に行いうる位相差板を含み、それにより低コストで且つ良好な表示性能を有する表示装置及びその構成要素を提供することにある。
すなわち、本発明によれば、以下のものが提供される。
前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物は、分子中に主鎖メソゲンと前記主鎖メソゲンに結合した側鎖メソゲンとを有し、
前記光学異方性層において、前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の前記主鎖メソゲン及び前記側鎖メソゲンは、異なる方向に配向し、それにより、前記光学異方性層の複屈折Δnが逆波長分散特性を有し、
前記組成物(A)における前記重合性モノマーを前記逆分散重合性液晶化合物に置換した組成物(A0)を硬化させてなる層の波長450nm、550nm及び650nmにおけるリタデーションRe0(450nm)、Re0(550nm)およびRe0(650nm)と、前記光学異方性層の波長450nm、550nm及び650nmにおけるリタデーションRe(450nm)、Re(550nm)およびRe(650nm)とが、以下の式(i)及び(ii)の関係を満たす位相差板:
Re0(450nm)/Re0(550nm)>Re(450nm)/Re(550nm) 式(i)
Re0(650nm)/Re0(550nm)<Re(650nm)/Re(550nm) 式(ii)。
〔2〕 逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物と重合性モノマーとを含有する組成物(A)を硬化させてなる光学異方性層を有する位相差板であって、
前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物は、分子中に主鎖メソゲンと前記主鎖メソゲンに結合した側鎖メソゲンとを有し、
前記光学異方性層において、前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の前記主鎖メソゲン及び前記側鎖メソゲンは、異なる方向に配向し、それにより、前記光学異方性層の複屈折Δnが逆波長分散特性を有し、
前記組成物(A)における前記重合性モノマーを前記逆分散重合性液晶化合物に置換した組成物(A0)を硬化させてなる層の波長450nm、550nm及び650nmにおけるリタデーションRe0(450nm)、Re0(550nm)およびRe0(650nm)と、前記光学異方性層の波長450nm、550nm及び650nmにおけるリタデーションRe(450nm)、Re(550nm)およびRe(650nm)とが、以下の式(iii)及び(iv)の関係を満たす位相差板:
Re0(450nm)/Re0(550nm)<Re(450nm)/Re(550nm) 式(iii)
Re0(650nm)/Re0(550nm)>Re(650nm)/Re(550nm) 式(iv)。
〔3〕 前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物が、下記式(I):
G1、G2はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の2価の脂肪族基を表す〔該脂肪族基には、1つの脂肪族基あたり1以上の-O-、-S-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-O-、-NR2-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR2-、-NR2-、又は、-C(=O)-が介在していてもよい。ただし、-O-又は-S-がそれぞれ2以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。ここで、R2は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。〕。
Z1、Z2はそれぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~10のアルケニル基を表す。
Axは芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表し、Ayは水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~12のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~12のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、-C(=O)-R3、-SO2-R6、又は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。前記Ax及びAyが有する芳香環は置換基を有していてもよい。また、前記AxとAyは一緒になって、環を形成していてもよい。ここで、R3は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~12のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~12のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基を表し、R6は、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数2~12のアルケニル基、フェニル基、又は、4-メチルフェニル基を表す。
A1は、置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
A2、A3はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~30の二価の芳香族基を表す。
Q1は、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。〕
で示される化合物である、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の位相差板。
〔4〕前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物が、下記式(V):
G1w、G2wはそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の二価の鎖状脂肪族基を表す。また、前記鎖状脂肪族基には、1つの脂肪族基あたり1以上の-O-、-S-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-O-、-NR2w-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR2w-、-NR2w-、又は、-C(=O)-が介在していてもよい。ただし、-O-又は-S-がそれぞれ2以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。ここで、R2wは、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
Z1w、Z2wはそれぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~10のアルケニル基を表す。
Axwは、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。
Aywは、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、-C(=O)-R3w、-SO2-R4w、-C(=S)NH-R9w、又は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。ここで、R3wは、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、炭素数5~12の芳香族炭化水素基を表し、R4wは、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、フェニル基、又は、4-メチルフェニル基を表し、R9wは置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数5~20の芳香族基を表す。前記Axw及びAywが有する芳香環は置換基を有していてもよい。また、前記AxwとAywは一緒になって、環を形成していてもよい。
A1wは置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
A2w、A3wはそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~30の二価の脂環式炭化水素基を表し、
A4w、A5wはそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~30の二価の芳香族基を表す。
Q1wは、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。〕
で示される化合物である、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の位相差板。
〔4.1〕前記AxwとAywに含まれるπ電子の総数が4以上24以下である前記位相差板。
〔4.2〕前記A1wが、置換基を有していてもよい、三価のベンゼン環基又は三価のナフタレン環基である前記位相差板。
〔4.3〕前記Y1w~Y8wが、それぞれ独立して、化学的な単結合、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、又は、-O-C(=O)-O-である前記位相差板。
〔4.4〕前記Z1w、Z2wが、それぞれ独立して、CH2=CH-、CH2=C(CH3)-、又は、CH2=C(Cl)-である前記位相差板。
〔4.5〕前記G1w、G2wがそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の二価の脂肪族基〔該脂肪族基には、1つの脂肪族基あたり1以上の-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-又は-C(=O)-が介在していてもよい。ただし、-O-が2以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。〕である前記位相差板。
〔4.6〕前記G1w、G2wがそれぞれ独立して、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基である前記位相差板。
〔5〕 前記重合性モノマーが、下記式(III):
で表される非液晶性の化合物である、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板。
〔6〕 前記重合性モノマーがメソゲンを有し、前記光学異方性層において、前記重合性モノマーのメソゲンが前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の主鎖メソゲンと平行に配向している〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板。
〔7〕 前記重合性モノマーがメソゲンを有し、前記光学異方性層において、前記重合性モノマーのメソゲンが前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の側鎖メソゲンと平行に配向している〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板。
〔8〕 組成物(A)における、前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物100重量部に対する前記重合性モノマーの配合割合が1~100重量部である、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板。
〔9〕 〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板と直線偏光子とを備える円偏光板。
〔10〕 前記位相差板の波長550nmにおける位相差が100~150nmであり、前記位相差板の遅相軸と前記直線偏光子の透過軸との間の角度が45°である〔9〕に記載の円偏光板。
〔11〕 〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板を備える画像表示装置。
本発明の位相差板は、光学異方性層を有する。光学異方性層は、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物と重合性モノマーとを含有する組成物(A)を硬化させてなる層である。
本願において、組成物(A)の成分としての液晶化合物とは、組成物(A)に配合し配向させた際に、液晶相を呈しうる化合物である。重合性液晶化合物とは、かかる液晶相を呈した状態で組成物(A)中で重合し、液晶相における分子の配向を維持したまま重合体となりうる液晶化合物である。さらに、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物とは、そのように重合体とした場合、得られた重合体が逆波長分散を示す重合性液晶化合物である。
また、本願において、組成物(A)の成分であって、重合性を有する化合物(重合性液晶化合物及びその他の重合性を有する化合物等)を総称して単に「重合性化合物」ということがある。
逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の例としては、下記式(I)で示される化合物(以下において「化合物(I)」という場合がある。)を挙げることができる。
R1の炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-へキシル基等が挙げられる。
R1としては、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。
炭素数1~20の2価の脂肪族基としては、鎖状構造を有する脂肪族基;飽和環状炭化水素(シクロアルカン)構造、不飽和環状炭化水素(シクロアルケン)構造等の脂環式構造を有する脂肪族基;等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、又は、-C(=O)-が好ましい。
該アルケニル基の炭素数としては、2~6が好ましい。Z1及びZ2のアルケニル基の置換基であるハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等が挙げられ、塩素原子が好ましい。
本発明において、「芳香環」は、Huckel則に従う広義の芳香族性を有する環状構造、すなわち、π電子を(4n+2)個有する環状共役構造及びチオフェン、フラン、ベンゾチアゾール等に代表される、硫黄、酸素、窒素等のヘテロ原子の孤立電子対がπ電子系に関与して芳香族性を示すものを意味する。
なお、Axの炭素数2~30の有機基の「炭素数」は、置換基の炭素原子を含まない有機基全体の総炭素数を意味する(後述するAyにて同じである。)。
R6の、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、及び炭素数2~12のアルケニル基の具体例は、前記Ayの、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数2~12のアルケニル基の例として列記したものと同様のものが挙げられる。
また、Ayが有する芳香環は、任意の位置に置換基を有していてもよい。かかる置換基としては、前記Axが有する芳香環の置換基として列記したものと同様のものが挙げられる。
炭素数4~30の不飽和複素環、炭素数6~30の不飽和炭素環としては、特に制約はなく、芳香族性を有していても有していなくてもよい。例えば、下記に示す環が挙げられる。なお、下記に示す環は、式(I)中の
また、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。
置換基としては、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、ニトロ基、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4、-SO2R4等が挙げられる。ここで、R4は前記と同じ意味を表す。
A2、A3の芳香族基は単環のものであっても、多環のものであってもよい。
A2、A3の具体例としては、下記のものが挙げられる。
置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、前記AXで例示したのと同様のものが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、Q1は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子及びメチル基がより好ましい。
化合物(I)は、例えば、下記に示す反応により製造することができる。
すなわち、式(3)で表されるヒドラジン化合物(ヒドラジン化合物(3))を、式(4)で表されるカルボニル化合物(カルボニル化合物(4))と、〔ヒドラジン化合物(3):カルボニル化合物(4)〕のモル比で、1:2~2:1、好ましくは1:1.5~1.5:1の割合で反応させることにより、高選択的かつ高収率で目的とする式(I)で示される化合物を製造することができる。
これらの中でも、アルコール系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、及びアルコール系溶媒とエーテル系溶媒の混合溶媒が好ましい。
この反応に用いる溶媒としては、反応に不活性なものであれば特に限定されない。例えば、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルルコール、sec-ブチルアルコール、t-ブチルアルコール、n-ペンチルアルコール、アミルアルコール等のアルコール系溶媒;ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,4-ジオキサン、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶媒;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶媒;n-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、ヘキサメチルリン酸トリアミド等のアミド系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等の含硫黄系溶媒;及びこれらの2種以上からなる混合溶媒;等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、アルコール系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、及びアルコール系溶媒とエーテル系溶媒の混合溶媒が好ましい。
反応は、-10℃から用いる溶媒の沸点までの温度範囲で円滑に進行する。各反応の反応時間は、反応規模にもよるが、通常、数分から数時間である。
金属塩還元剤とは一般に低原子価金属を含む化合物、もしくは金属イオンとヒドリド源からなる化合物である(「有機合成実験法ハンドブック」1990年社団法人有機合成化学協会編 丸善株式会社発行810ページを参照)。
金属塩還元剤としては、例えば、NaAlH4、NaAlHn(OR)m、LiAlH4、iBu2AlH、LiBH4、NaBH4、SnCl2、CrCl2、TiCl3等が挙げられる。
また、ジアゾニウム塩(5)は、アニリン等の化合物から常法により製造することができる。
(i)式:D1-hal(halはハロゲン原子を表す。以下にて同じ。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OMet(Metはアルカリ金属(主にナトリウム)を表す。以下にて同じ。)で表される化合物とを混合して縮合させる(ウイリアムソン合成)。なお、式中、D1及びD2は任意の有機基を表す(以下にて同じ。)。
(ii)式:D1-halで表される化合物と、式:D2-OHで表される化合物とを水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して縮合させる。
(iii)式:D1-J(Jはエポキシ基を表す。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OHで表される化合物とを水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して縮合させる。
(iv)式:D1-OFN(OFNは不飽和結合を有する基を表す。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OMetで表される化合物を、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して付加反応させる。
(v)式:D1-halで表される化合物と、式:D2-OMetで表される化合物とを、銅あるいは塩化第一銅存在下、混合して縮合させる(ウルマン縮合)。
(vi)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物と、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、脱水縮合剤(N,N-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド等)の存在下に脱水縮合させる。
(vii)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物にハロゲン化剤を作用させることにより、式:D1-CO-halで表される化合物を得、このものと式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、塩基の存在下に反応させる。
(viii)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物に酸無水物を作用させることにより、混合酸無水物を得た後、このものに、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物を反応させる。
(ix)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物と、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、酸触媒あるいは塩基触媒の存在下に脱水縮合させる。
脱水縮合剤の使用量は、化合物(7)1モルに対し、通常1~3モルである。
用いる塩基としては、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン等の有機塩基;水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基が挙げられる。
塩基の使用量は、化合物(7)1モルに対し、通常1~3モルである。
化合物(7)が、式(7)中、Lがメタンスルホニルオキシ基、又はp-トルエンスルホニルオキシ基の化合物(混合酸無水物)である場合もハロゲン原子の場合と同様である。
溶媒の使用量は、特に限定されず、用いる化合物の種類や反応規模等を考慮して適宜定めることができるが、ヒドロキシ化合物(6)1gに対し、通常1~50gである。
〔1.4.化合物(V)〕
逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の別の例としては、下記式(V)で示される化合物(以下において「化合物(V)」という場合がある。)を挙げることができる。
炭素数1~20の二価の脂肪族基としては、炭素数1~20のアルキレン基、炭素数2~20のアルケニレン基等の鎖状構造を有する二価の脂肪族基;炭素数3~20のシクロアルカンジイル基、炭素数4~20のシクロアルケンジイル基、炭素数10~30の二価の脂環式縮合環基等の二価の脂肪族基;等が挙げられる。
前記脂肪族基に介在する基としては、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-C(=O)-が好ましい。
Z1w、Z2wの好ましい例は、式〔I〕のZ1及びZ2について述べたものと同様である。
なお、Axwの炭素数2~30の有機基の「炭素数」は、置換基の炭素原子を含まない有機基全体の総炭素数を意味する(後述するAywにて同じである。)。
(1)芳香族炭化水素環基
(3)芳香族炭化水素環基及び芳香族複素環基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、アルキル基
なお、Axwの炭素数2~30の有機基の「炭素数」は、置換基の炭素原子を含まない有機基全体の総炭素数を意味する(後述するAywにて同じである。)。
置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基の炭素数は、2~12であることが好ましい。
R4wの、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、及び炭素数2~20のアルケニル基の具体例は、前記Aywの、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基の例として列記したものと同様のものが挙げられる。
Aywの、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、置換基を有してもよい炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基の置換基としては、フッ素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基が好ましい。
また、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。かかる置換基としては、Axwが有する芳香環の置換基として例示したのと同様のものが挙げられる。
(α)Axwが炭素数4~30の、芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基であり、Aywが水素原子、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基、(ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、若しくは炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基であり、当該置換基が、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基で置換された炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、フェニル基、シクロヘキシル基、炭素数2~12の環状エーテル基、炭素数6~14のアリールオキシ基、水酸基、ベンゾジオキサニル基、ベンゼンスルホニル基、ベンゾイル基、-SR10wのいずれかである組み合わせ、及び、
(β)AxwとAywが一緒になって不飽和複素環又は不飽和炭素環を形成しているもの、
が挙げられる。ここで、R10wは前記と同じ意味を表す。
(γ)Axwが下記構造を有する基のいずれかであり、Aywが水素原子、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基、(ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、若しくは炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基であり、当該置換基が、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基で置換された炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、フェニル基、シクロヘキシル基、炭素数2~12の環状エーテル基、炭素数6~14のアリールオキシ基、水酸基、ベンゾジオキサニル基、ベンゼンスルホニル基、ベンゾイル基、-SR10wのいずれかである組み合わせである。ここで、R10wは前記と同じ意味を表す。
AxwとAywの特に好ましい組み合わせとしては、
(δ)Axwが下記構造を有する基のいずれかであり、Aywが水素原子、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基、(ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、若しくは炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基であり、当該置換基が、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基で置換された炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、フェニル基、シクロヘキシル基、炭素数2~12の環状エーテル基、炭素数6~14のアリールオキシ基、水酸基、ベンゾジオキサニル基、ベンゼンスルホニル基、ベンゾイル基、-SR10wのいずれかである組合せである。下記式中、Xは前記と同じ意味を表す。ここで、R10wは前記と同じ意味を表す。
なお、下記式においては、結合状態をより明確にすべく、置換基Y1w、Y2wを便宜上記載している(Y1w、Y2wは、前記と同じ意味を表す。以下にて同じ。)。
炭素数3~30の二価の脂環式炭化水素基としては、炭素数3~30のシクロアルカンジイル基、炭素数10~30の二価の脂環式縮合環基等が挙げられる。
前記炭素数3~30の二価の脂環式炭化水素基は、Y1w、Y3w(又はY2w、Y4w)と結合する炭素原子の立体配置の相違に基づく、シス型、トランス型の立体異性体が存在し得る。例えば、シクロヘキサン-1,4-ジイル基の場合には、下記に示すように、シス型の異性体(Aw32a)とトランス型の異性体(Aw32b)が存在し得る。
A4w、A5wの芳香族基は単環のものであっても、多環のものであってもよい。
A4w、A5wの好ましい具体例としては、下記のものが挙げられる。
置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、前記AXwで例示したのと同様のものが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、Q1wは、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子及びメチル基がより好ましい。
すなわち、式(3w)で表されるヒドラジン化合物(ヒドラジン化合物(3w))を、式(4w)で表されるカルボニル化合物(カルボニル化合物(4w))と、〔ヒドラジン化合物(3w):カルボニル化合物(4w)〕のモル比で、1:2~2:1、好ましくは1:1.5~1.5:1の割合で反応させることにより、高選択的かつ高収率で目的とする化合物(V)を製造することができる。
これらの中でも、アルコール系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、及びアルコール系溶媒とエーテル系溶媒の混合溶媒が好ましい。
この反応に用いる溶媒としては、反応に不活性なものであれば特に限定されない。例えば、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、sec-ブチルアルコール、t-ブチルアルコール等のアルコール系溶媒;ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,4-ジオキサン、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶媒;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶媒;n-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、ヘキサメチルリン酸トリアミド等のアミド系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等の含硫黄系溶媒;及びこれらの2種以上からなる混合溶媒;等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、アルコール系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、及びアルコール系溶媒とエーテル系溶媒の混合溶媒が好ましい。
反応は、-10℃から用いる溶媒の沸点までの温度範囲で円滑に進行する。各反応の反応時間は、反応規模にもよるが、通常、数分から数時間である。
金属塩還元剤とは、一般に低原子価金属を含む化合物、もしくは金属イオンとヒドリド源からなる化合物である(「有機合成実験法ハンドブック」1990年社団法人有機合成化学協会編 丸善株式会社発行810ページを参照)。
金属塩還元剤としては、NaAlH4、NaAlHp(Or)q(p、qはそれぞれ独立して1~3の整数を表し、p+q=4である。rは炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。)、LiAlH4、iBu2AlH、LiBH4、NaBH4、SnCl2、CrCl2、TiCl3等が挙げられる。
また、ジアゾニウム塩(5w)は、アニリン等の化合物から常法により製造することができる。
(i)式:D1-hal(halはハロゲン原子を表す。以下にて同じ。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OMet(Metはアルカリ金属(主にナトリウム)を表す。以下にて同じ。)で表される化合物とを混合して縮合させる(ウイリアムソン合成)。なお、式中、D1及びD2は任意の有機基を表す(以下にて同じ。)。
(ii)式:D1-halで表される化合物と、式:D2-OHで表される化合物とを水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して縮合させる。
(iii)式:D1-J(Jはエポキシ基を表す。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OHで表される化合物とを水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して縮合させる。
(iv)式:D1-OFN(OFNは不飽和結合を有する基を表す。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OMetで表される化合物を、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して付加反応させる。
(v)式:D1-halで表される化合物と、式:D2-OMetで表される化合物とを、銅あるいは塩化第一銅存在下、混合して縮合させる(ウルマン縮合)。
(vi)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物と、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、脱水縮合剤(N,N-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド等)の存在下に脱水縮合させる。
(vii)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物にハロゲン化剤を作用させることにより、式:D1-CO-halで表される化合物を得、このものと式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、塩基の存在下に反応させる。
(viii)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物に酸無水物を作用させることにより、混合酸無水物を得た後、このものに、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物を反応させる。
(ix)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物と、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、酸触媒あるいは塩基触媒の存在下に脱水縮合させる。
脱水縮合剤の使用量は、化合物(7w)1モルに対し、通常1~3モルである。
塩基の使用量は、化合物(7w)1モルに対し、通常1~3モルである。
この場合、前記式(7w)中、L1wがスルホニルオキシ基の化合物(混合酸無水物)を単離して次の反応を行ってもよい。
用いる塩基としては、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン等の有機塩基;水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基が挙げられる。
塩基の使用量は、化合物(7w)1モルに対し、通常1~3モルである。
溶媒の使用量は、特に限定されず、用いる化合物の種類や反応規模等を考慮して適宜定めることができるが、ヒドロキシ化合物(6)1gに対し、通常1~50gである。
例えば、下記反応式に示す方法により製造することができる(WO2009/042544号、及び、The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2011,76,8082-8087等参照。)。化合物(6w)として市販されているものを、所望により精製して用いることもできる。
すなわち、式(6wa)で表されるジヒドロキシ化合物(1,4-ジヒドロキシベンゼン、1,4-ジヒドロキシナフタレン等)の水酸基をアルキル化して、式(6wb)で表される化合物を得た後、ORw’基のオルト位を、公知の方法により、ホルミル化又はアシル化することにより、式(6wc)で表される化合物を得、このものを脱保護(脱アルキル化)することにより、目的とする化合物(6w)を得ることができる。
また、化合物(6w)として、市販されているものをそのまま、又は所望により精製して用いることもできる。
先ず、化合物(9w’)に、式(10w)で表されるスルホニルクロライドを、トリエチルアミン、4-(ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン等の塩基存在下で反応させる。
次いで、反応混合物に、化合物(8w)と、トリエチルアミン、4-(ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン等の塩基を加えて反応を行う。
スルホニルクロライドの使用量は、化合物(9w’)1当量に対して、通常0.5~0.7当量である。
化合物(8w)の使用量は、化合物(9w’)1当量に対して、通常0.5~0.6当量である。
塩基の使用量は、化合物(3w)1当量に対して、通常0.5~0.7当量である。
反応温度は、20~30℃であり、反応時間は反応規模等にもよるが、数分から数時間である。
溶媒の使用量は、特に限定されず、用いる化合物の種類や反応規模等を考慮して適宜定めることができるが、化合物(9w’)1gに対し、通常1~50gである。
組成物(A)は、重合性モノマーを含有する。本願において、「重合性モノマー」とは、重合能を有しモノマーとして働きうる化合物のうち、特に、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物以外の化合物をいう。
重合性モノマーとしては、例えば、1分子当たり1以上の重合性基を有するものを用いうる。そのような重合性基を有することにより、光学異方性層の形成に際し重合を達成することができる。重合性モノマーが1分子当たり2以上の重合性基を有する架橋性モノマーである場合、架橋的な重合を達成することができる。かかる重合性基の例としては、化合物(I)中の基Z1-Y5-及びZ2-Y6-と同様の基を挙げることができ、より具体的には例えば、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基、及びエポキシ基を挙げることができる。
ただし、化合物(II)は、そのメソゲン部分と重合性基の部分が、共に用いる化合物(I)と同じものを用いることが、良好な配向を得る上で好ましい。より具体的には、Y1~Y6、Z1、Z2、及びA1~A3が、化合物(I)と化合物(II)とで共通していることが好ましい。
下記において、A1及びA1xは、図示の便宜のため、Y1及びY2と共に示している。
ここで、それ自体が「非液晶性」であるとは、当該重合性モノマーそのものを、室温から200℃のいずれの温度に置いた場合にも、配向処理をした基材上で配向を示さないものをいう。配向を示すかどうかは、偏光顕微鏡のクロスニコル透過観察にてラビング方向を面相で回転させた場合に、明暗のコントラストがあるかどうかで判断する。
重合性モノマーは、既知の製造方法により製造することができる。または、化合物(I)と類似の構造を持つものについては、化合物(I)の製造方法に準じて製造することができる。
組成物(A)は、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物及び重合性モノマーに加えて、必要に応じて、以下に例示するもの等の任意の成分を含みうる。
市販品としては、LC-242(商品;BASF社製)等を用いることができ、特開2007-002208号公報、特開2009-173893号公報、特開2009-274984号公報、特開2010-030979号公報、特開2010-031223号公報、特開2011-006360号公報等に開示されている化合物を用いることもできる。
「水素供与体」とは、露光によりビイミダゾール系化合物から発生したラジカルに対して、水素原子を供与することができる化合物を意味する。水素供与体としては、下記で定義するメルカプタン系化合物、アミン系化合物等が好ましい。
これらの重合開始剤は一種単独で、又は二種以上を組合わせて用いることができる。
組成物(A)において、重合開始剤の配合割合は、重合性化合物100重量部に対し、通常、0.1~30重量部、好ましくは0.5~10重量部である。
光学異方性層は、組成物(A)を硬化させてなる層である。
配向膜は、例えば、ポリイミド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエステル、ポリアリレート、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド等のポリマーを含有するものである。配向膜は、このようなポリマーを含有する溶液(配向膜用組成物)を基板上に膜状に塗布し、乾燥させ、そして一方向にラビング処理等することで、得ることができる。
配向膜の厚さは0.001~5μmであることが好ましく、0.001~1μmであることがさらに好ましい。
ラビング処理の方法は、特に制限されないが、例えばナイロン等の合成繊維、木綿等の天然繊維からなる布やフェルトを巻き付けたロールで一定方向に支持体又は配向膜の面を擦る方法が挙げられる。ラビング処理した時に発生する微粉末(異物)を除去して処理された面を清浄な状態とするために、ラビング処理後に、処理された面をイソプロピルアルコール等によって洗浄することが好ましい。
また、ラビング処理する方法以外に、配向膜の表面に偏光紫外線を照射する方法によっても、配向膜にコレステリック規則性を持つコレステリック液晶層を面内で一方向に配向規制する機能を持たせることができる。
また、それ以外の方法としてAr+などのイオンビームを支持体に対して斜めに入射させることにより、支持体に配向能を賦与させるイオンビーム配向法を使用することもできる。
光学異方性層において、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の主鎖メソゲン及び側鎖メソゲンは、異なる方向に配向する。光学異方性層における「逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物のメソゲン」とは、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の分子内に存在していたメソゲンであって、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物が重合することにより生成した重合体内のメソゲンである。このように、主鎖メソゲン及び側鎖メソゲンが異なる方向に配向することにより、光学異方性層の複屈折Δnが逆波長分散特性を有し、それにより、良好な位相差板としての特性を発現しうる。
光学異方性層の複屈折Δnが逆波長分散特性を有することは、位相差解析装置(AXOMETRICS社製の製品名「AxoScan」等)を用いて、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定することにより確認しうる。
重合性モノマーのメソゲンは、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の主鎖メソゲン又は側鎖メソゲンのどちらか一方と平行に配向していることがより好ましい。重合性モノマーがかかる態様に配向することにより、良好な配向を得、且つ、精密な逆波長分散の調整を達成することができる。重合性モノマーが、1分子当たり2以上のメソゲンを有している場合、それらのうち一つが、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の主鎖メソゲンに平行に、他のもう一つが逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の側鎖メソゲンに平行に配向していてもよい。
Re0(450nm)/Re0(550nm)>Re(450nm)/Re(550nm) 式(i)
Re0(650nm)/Re0(550nm)<Re(650nm)/Re(550nm) 式(ii)
Re0(450nm)/Re0(550nm)<Re(450nm)/Re(550nm) 式(iii)
Re0(650nm)/Re0(550nm)>Re(650nm)/Re(550nm) 式(iv)
本発明の位相差板は、上に述べた光学異方性層のみからなってもよく、又は必要に応じてその他の層を有していてもよい。例えば、光学異方性層の製造に用いた支持体、配向膜等の部材を、剥離せずそのまま備えた状態で、位相差板として用いてもよい。この場合、光学異方性層以外の層は、通常は光学的に等方な層とすることができる。任意の層のさらなる例としては、各層間を接着する接着層、フィルムの滑り性を良くするマット層、耐衝撃性ポリメタクリレート樹脂層などのハードコート層、反射防止層、防汚層等が挙げられる。
本発明の円偏光板は、前記本発明の位相差板と、直線偏光子とを備える。
本発明の画像表示装置は、前記本発明の位相差板を備える。本発明の画像装置において、位相差板は、直線偏光子と組み合わされ、円偏光板として設けられていてもよい。
本発明の画像表示装置の例としては、液晶表示装置、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置、プラズマ表示装置、FED(電界放出)表示装置、及びSED(表面電界)表示装置を挙げることができるが、液晶表示装置が特に好ましい。
以下の説明において、量を表す「%」及び「部」は、別に断らない限り重量基準である。また、以下に説明する操作は、別に断らない限り、常温及び常圧の条件において行った。
構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
温度計を備えた4つ口反応器に、窒素気流中、先のステップ1で合成した中間体A 10.5g(15.3mmol)、2-ヒドラジノベンゾチアゾール3.0g(18.3mmol)、及びテトラヒドロフラン(THF)80mlを加え、均一な溶液とした。この溶液に、(±)-10-カンファースルホン酸 18mg(0.08mmol)を加え、25℃にて3時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液を10%重曹水800mlに投入し、酢酸エチル100mlで2回抽出した。酢酸エチル層を集め、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、硫酸ナトリウムをろ別した。ろ液からロータリーエバポレーターにて酢酸エチルを減圧留去して、淡黄色固体を得た。この淡黄色固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(トルエン:酢酸エチル=8:2(体積比))により精製し、淡黄色固体として化合物(I)-1を8.0g得た(収率:62.7%)。目的物の構造は1H-NMR、マススペクトルで同定した。
LCMS(APCI):calcd for C46H47N3O10S:833[M+];Found:833
化合物(I)-1を10mg計量し、固体状態のままで、ラビング処理を施したポリイミド配向膜付きのガラス基板2枚に挟んだ。この基板をホットプレート上に載せ、50℃から200℃まで昇温した後、再び50℃まで降温した。昇温、降温する際の組織構造の変化を偏向光学顕微鏡(ニコン社製、ECLIPSE LV100POL型)で観察した。その結果、昇温の過程において、102℃において固相からネマチック液晶相に転移し、165℃においてさらに等方性液体相に転移した。一方降温の過程において、140℃で等方性液体相からネマチック液晶相に転移し、50℃以下においてさらに固層に転移した。
(C1-1.組成物(A0)の調製)
下記表1に示す組成の混合物を均一になるように攪拌し、0.6μmのフィルタで濾過して、組成物(A0)を得た。
支持体(ゼオノアフィルム、商品名「ZF16」、日本ゼオン株式会社製)の一方の面を、ラビングすることにより配向処理を行った。かかる面上に、工程(C1-1)で得た組成物(A0)を、スピンコーターで乾燥膜厚が1.4μmになるように塗布した。オーブンにて130℃で2分間加熱することにより、組成物(A0)の層を乾燥させた。これにより、支持体、及びその上に形成された乾燥した組成物(A0)の層からなる複層物を得た。
工程(C1-2)で作製した位相差板について、AXOMETRICS社製の位相差解析装置(製品名:AxoScan)を用いて、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定し、Δnの波長分散特性を求めた。測定した波長分散特性を、図1に示す。
測定結果より、Re0(450nm)/Re0(550nm)=0.918、Re0(650nm)/Re0(550nm)=0.982であった。
工程(C1-2)で作製した位相差板について、Metricon社製の屈折率測定装置:プリズムカプラを用いて屈折率測定を行った。波長λが407nm、532nm、及び633nmである場合における屈折率を測定し、3波長の測定値からコーシーフィッティングを行った結果を図2に示す。進相軸方向の屈折率は遅相軸方向の屈折率と比較して、値が小さく波長分散が大きいことから、本位相差板が逆波長分散特性を示すことがわかる。
比較例1の工程(C1-2)で得た位相差板に、偏光紫外線を入射させ、吸収スペクトルを測定した。測定には、分光光度計(日本分光株式会社製、本体製品名「V7200」、受光部製品名「VAR7020」)を用いた。
その結果、266nm及び347nmに頂点を有する2つの吸収のピークが観察され、かかるピークは、偏光方向を回転させることにより高さが変化した。位相差板の面に平行な様々な方向のうち、ラビング方向を0°とすると、347nmにおける吸収が極大となる偏光の方位角は90°であった。偏光の方位角と測定された吸収との関係を図3に示す。
化合物(I)-1の主鎖メソゲンに類似する構造を有する化合物及び化合物(I)-1の側鎖メソゲンに類似する構造を有する化合物の可視光領域における屈折率の波長分散を調べると、後者の波長分散のほうが大きい。また、一般的に、可視光波長分散が大きい化合物ほど吸収のピークが可視光領域に近い。また、一般的に、偏光方向とメソゲンの長軸方向とが平行の場合に吸収ピークは最大となる。これらのことから、266nmのピークが主鎖メソゲンに由来するものであり、347nmにおけるピークが側鎖メソゲンに由来するものであると帰属を決定でき、且つ、主鎖メソゲンの配向方向と側鎖メソゲンの配向方向とは直交していることが分かる。
(1-1.組成物(A)の調製)
下記表2に示す組成の混合物を均一になるように攪拌し、0.6μmのフィルタで濾過して、組成物(A-1)を得た。
工程(C1-1)で得た組成物(A0)の代わりに、工程(1-1)で得た組成物(A-1)を用いた他は、比較例1の工程(C1-2)と同様にして、位相差板を製造した。得られた位相差板の光学異方性層の膜厚は1.2μmであった。
得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-3)と同様にして、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定し、Δnの波長分散特性を求めた。測定した波長分散特性を、図4に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。
測定結果より、Re(450nm)/Re(550nm)=0.99、Re(650nm)/Re(550nm)=0.97となり、比較例1と比べ逆分散性が小さくなった。
また、得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-4)と同様にして、屈折率を測定した。測定された3波長の測定値からコーシーフィッティングを行った結果を、図5に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。遅相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と大きな差はないが、進相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と比べて小さくなった。この結果、位相差板のΔnの逆波長分散特性が小さくなった。
(2-1.組成物(A-2)の調製)
下記表3に示す組成の混合物を均一になるように攪拌し、0.6μmのフィルタで濾過して、組成物(A-2)を得た。
工程(C1-1)で得た組成物(A0)の代わりに、工程(2-1)で得た組成物(A-2)を用いた他は、比較例1の工程(C1-2)と同様にして、位相差板を製造した。得られた位相差板の光学異方性層の膜厚は1.5μmであった。
得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-3)と同様にして、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定し、Δnの波長分散特性を求めた。測定した波長分散特性を、図6に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。
測定結果より、Re(450nm)/Re(550nm)=0.963、Re(650nm)/Re(550nm)=0.979となり、比較例1と比べ逆分散性が小さくなった。
また、得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-4)と同様にして、屈折率を測定した。測定された3波長の測定値からコーシーフィッティングを行った結果を、図7に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。遅相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と大きくなり、進相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と比べて大きな変化はなかった。この結果、位相差板のΔnの逆波長分散特性が小さくなった。
(3-1.組成物(A-3)の調製)
下記表4に示す組成の混合物を均一になるように攪拌し、0.6μmのフィルタで濾過して、組成物(A-3)を得た。
工程(C1-1)で得た組成物(A0)の代わりに、工程(3-1)で得た組成物(A-3)を用いた他は、比較例1の工程(C1-2)と同様にして、位相差板を製造した。得られた位相差板の光学異方性層の膜厚は1.3μmであった。
得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-3)と同様にして、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定し、Δnの波長分散特性を求めた。測定した波長分散特性を、図8に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。
測定結果より、Re(450nm)/Re(550nm)=0.969、Re(650nm)/Re(550nm)=0.980となり、比較例1と比べ逆分散性が小さくなった。
また、得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-4)と同様にして、屈折率を測定した。測定された3波長の測定値からコーシーフィッティングを行った結果を、図9に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。遅相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と大きな差はないが、進相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と比べて小さくなった。この結果、位相差板のΔnの逆波長分散特性が小さくなった。
(4-1.組成物(A-4)の調製)
下記表3に示す組成の混合物を均一になるように攪拌し、0.6μmのフィルタで濾過して、組成物(A-4)を得た。
工程(C1-1)で得た組成物(A0)の代わりに、工程(4-1)で得た組成物(A-4)を用いた他は、比較例1の工程(C1-2)と同様にして、位相差板を製造した。得られた位相差板の光学異方性層の膜厚は1.7μmであった。
得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-3)と同様にして、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定し、Δnの波長分散特性を求めた。測定した波長分散特性を、図10に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。
測定結果より、Re(450nm)/Re(550nm)=0.761、Re(650nm)/Re(550nm)=1.019となり、比較例1と比べ逆分散性が大きくなった。
また、得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-4)と同様にして、屈折率を測定した。測定された3波長の測定値からコーシーフィッティングを行った結果を、図11に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。遅相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と大きな差はないが、進相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と比べて大きくなった。この結果、位相差板のΔnの逆波長分散特性が大きくなった。
(5-1.組成物(A-5)の調製)
下記表6に示す組成の混合物を均一になるように攪拌し、0.6μmのフィルタで濾過して、組成物(A-5)を得た。
工程(C1-1)で得た組成物(A0)の代わりに、工程(5-1)で得た組成物(A-5)を用いた他は、比較例1の工程(C1-2)と同様にして、位相差板を製造した。得られた位相差板の光学異方性層の膜厚は1.3μmであった。
得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-3)と同様にして、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定し、Δnの波長分散特性を求めた。測定した波長分散特性を、図12に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。
測定結果より、Re(450nm)/Re(550nm)=0.916、Re(650nm)/Re(550nm)=1.010となり、比較例1と比べ逆分散性が大きくなった。
また、得られた位相差板について、比較例1の工程(C1-4)と同様にして、屈折率を測定した。測定された3波長の測定値からコーシーフィッティングを行った結果を、図13に、比較例1の結果と対比させて示す。遅相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と大きな差はないが、進相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例1と比べて大きくなった。この結果、位相差板のΔnの逆波長分散特性が大きくなった。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
温度計を備えた3つ口反応器に、窒素気流中、前記ステップ4で合成した中間体K1 1.95g(1.96mmol)、前記ステップ5で合成した中間体J 441mg(1.76mmol)、(±)-10-カンファスルホン酸 45.6mg(0.196mmol)、THF24ml、及びエタノール6mlを加え、均一な溶液とした。その後、全容を40℃にて5時間攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を水100mlに投入し、クロロホルム200mlで抽出した。クロロホルム層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、硫酸ナトリウムをろ別した。ロータリーエバポレーターにてろ液からクロロホルムを減圧留去して、黄色固体を得た。この黄色固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(トルエン:酢酸エチル=95:5)により精製し、淡黄色固体として化合物25を1.56g得た(収率:64.9%)。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
(C2-1.組成物(A0-1)の調製)
下記表7に示す組成の混合物を均一になるように攪拌し、0.6μmのフィルタで濾過して、組成物(A0-1)を得た。
組成物(A0)に代えて組成物(A0-1)を使用した以外は、比較例1の(C1-2)と同様に行い、組成物(A0-1)の層からなる複層物を得て、さらに、支持体、及びその上に設けられた膜厚1.5μmの光学異方性層からなる位相差板を得た。
工程(C2-2)で作製した位相差板について、比較例1(C1-3)と同様に、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定し、Δnの波長分散特性を求めた。測定した波長分散特性を、図14に示す。
測定結果より、Re0(450nm)/Re0(550nm)=0.824、Re0(650nm)/Re0(550nm)=1.031であった。
工程(C2-2)で作製した位相差板について、比較例1(C1-4)と同様に屈折率測定を行った。波長λが407nm、532nm、及び633nmである場合における屈折率を測定し、3波長の測定値からコーシーフィッティングを行った結果を図15に示す。図15中、破線は進相軸方向の屈折率、実線は遅相軸方向の屈折率を示す。進相軸方向の屈折率は遅相軸方向の屈折率と比較して、値が小さく波長分散が大きいことから、本位相差板が逆波長分散特性を示すことがわかる。
(6-1.組成物(A-6)の調製)
下記表8に示す組成の混合物を均一になるように攪拌し、0.6μmのフィルタで濾過して、組成物(A-6)を得た。
工程(C2-1)で得た組成物(A0-1)の代わりに、工程(6-1)で得た組成物(A-6)を用いた他は、比較例2の工程(C2-2)と同様にして、位相差板を製造した。得られた位相差板の光学異方性層の膜厚は1.3μmであった。
得られた位相差板について、比較例2の工程(C2-3)と同様にして、様々な波長λにおいて複屈折Δnを測定し、Δnの波長分散特性を求めた。測定した波長分散特性を、図16に、比較例2の結果と対比させて示す。図16中、実線は実施例6の結果を示し、破線は比較例2の結果を示す。
測定結果より、Re(450nm)/Re(550nm)=0.918、Re(650nm)/Re(550nm)=0.982となり、比較例2と比べ逆分散性が小さくなった。
また、得られた位相差板について、比較例2の工程(C2-4)と同様にして、屈折率を測定した。測定された3波長の測定値からコーシーフィッティングを行った結果を、図17に、比較例2の結果と対比させて示す。図17中実線は実施例6の結果を示し、破線は比較例2の結果を示す。遅相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散は比較例2より小さくなり、進相軸方向の屈折率の波長分散も比較例2と比べて小さくなった。この結果、位相差板のΔnの逆波長分散特性が大きくなった。
Claims (11)
- 逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物と重合性モノマーとを含有する組成物(A)を硬化させてなる光学異方性層を有する位相差板であって、
前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物は、分子中に主鎖メソゲンと前記主鎖メソゲンに結合した側鎖メソゲンとを有し、
前記光学異方性層において、前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の前記主鎖メソゲン及び前記側鎖メソゲンは、異なる方向に配向し、それにより、前記光学異方性層の複屈折Δnが逆波長分散特性を有し、
前記組成物(A)における前記重合性モノマーを前記逆分散重合性液晶化合物に置換した組成物(A0)を硬化させてなる層の波長450nm、550nm及び650nmにおけるリタデーションRe0(450nm)、Re0(550nm)およびRe0(650nm)と、前記光学異方性層の波長450nm、550nm及び650nmにおけるリタデーションRe(450nm)、Re(550nm)およびRe(650nm)とが、以下の式(i)及び(ii)の関係を満たす位相差板:
Re0(450nm)/Re0(550nm)>Re(450nm)/Re(550nm) 式(i)
Re0(650nm)/Re0(550nm)<Re(650nm)/Re(550nm) 式(ii)。 - 逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物と重合性モノマーとを含有する組成物(A)を硬化させてなる光学異方性層を有する位相差板であって、
前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物は、分子中に主鎖メソゲンと前記主鎖メソゲンに結合した側鎖メソゲンとを有し、
前記光学異方性層において、前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の前記主鎖メソゲン及び前記側鎖メソゲンは、異なる方向に配向し、それにより、前記光学異方性層の複屈折Δnが逆波長分散特性を有し、
前記組成物(A)における前記重合性モノマーを前記逆分散重合性液晶化合物に置換した組成物(A0)を硬化させてなる層の波長450nm、550nm及び650nmにおけるリタデーションRe0(450nm)、Re0(550nm)およびRe0(650nm)と、前記光学異方性層の波長450nm、550nm及び650nmにおけるリタデーションRe(450nm)、Re(550nm)およびRe(650nm)とが、以下の式(iii)及び(iv)の関係を満たす位相差板:
Re0(450nm)/Re0(550nm)<Re(450nm)/Re(550nm) 式(iii)
Re0(650nm)/Re0(550nm)>Re(650nm)/Re(550nm) 式(iv)。 - 前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物が、下記式(I):
G1、G2はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の2価の脂肪族基を表す〔該脂肪族基には、1つの脂肪族基あたり1以上の-O-、-S-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-O-、-NR2-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR2-、-NR2-、又は、-C(=O)-が介在していてもよい。ただし、-O-又は-S-がそれぞれ2以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。ここで、R2は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。〕。
Z1、Z2はそれぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~10のアルケニル基を表す。
Axは芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表し、Ayは水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~12のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~12のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、-C(=O)-R3、-SO2-R6、又は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。前記Ax及びAyが有する芳香環は置換基を有していてもよい。また、前記AxとAyは一緒になって、環を形成していてもよい。ここで、R3は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~12のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~12のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基を表し、R6は、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数2~12のアルケニル基、フェニル基、又は、4-メチルフェニル基を表す。
A1は、置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
A2、A3はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~30の二価の芳香族基を表す。
Q1は、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。〕
で示される化合物である、請求項1又は2に記載の位相差板。 - 前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物が、下記式(V):
G1w、G2wはそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の二価の鎖状脂肪族基を表す。また、前記鎖状脂肪族基には、1つの脂肪族基あたり1以上の-O-、-S-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-O-、-NR2w-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR2w-、-NR2w-、又は、-C(=O)-が介在していてもよい。ただし、-O-又は-S-がそれぞれ2以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。ここで、R2wは、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
Z1w、Z2wはそれぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~10のアルケニル基を表す。
Axwは、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。
Aywは、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、-C(=O)-R3w、-SO2-R4w、-C(=S)NH-R9w、又は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。ここで、R3wは、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、炭素数5~12の芳香族炭化水素基を表し、R4wは、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、フェニル基、又は、4-メチルフェニル基を表し、R9wは置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数5~20の芳香族基を表す。前記Axw及びAywが有する芳香環は置換基を有していてもよい。また、前記AxwとAywは一緒になって、環を形成していてもよい。
A1wは置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
A2w、A3wはそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~30の二価の脂環式炭化水素基を表し、
A4w、A5wはそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~30の二価の芳香族基を表す。
Q1wは、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。〕
で示される化合物である、請求項1又は2に記載の位相差板。 - 前記重合性モノマーがメソゲンを有し、前記光学異方性層において、前記重合性モノマーのメソゲンが前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の主鎖メソゲンと平行に配向している請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板。
- 前記重合性モノマーがメソゲンを有し、前記光学異方性層において、前記重合性モノマーのメソゲンが前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の側鎖メソゲンと平行に配向している請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板。
- 組成物(A)における、前記逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物100重量部に対する前記重合性モノマーの配合割合が1~100重量部である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板と直線偏光子とを備える円偏光板。
- 前記位相差板の波長550nmにおける位相差が100~150nmであり、前記位相差板の遅相軸と前記直線偏光子の透過軸との間の角度が45°である請求項9に記載の円偏光板。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の位相差板を備える画像表示装置。
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JP2019105851A (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
JP6787416B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
US20180259699A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
JPWO2014065243A1 (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
CN104737044B (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
KR20150073177A (ko) | 2015-06-30 |
KR102079276B1 (ko) | 2020-02-19 |
EP2910986A4 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
US9995865B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
EP2910986B1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
US20150277010A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
US10830935B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
CN104737044A (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
TW201418802A (zh) | 2014-05-16 |
JP6476862B2 (ja) | 2019-03-06 |
EP2910986A1 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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