CN108348383A - 具有不含材料的区域的吸收芯 - Google Patents
具有不含材料的区域的吸收芯 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于吸收制品的吸收芯,并且所述吸收芯包括包封吸收材料的芯包裹物,所述吸收材料包括超吸收聚合物颗粒。基于吸收材料的总重量,超吸收聚合物颗粒表示按重量计小于85%。芯包裹物包括顶侧和底侧,吸收芯包括一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域,通过所述区域,芯包裹物的顶侧附接到芯包裹物的底侧,使得当吸收材料溶胀时,芯包裹物沿基本上不含吸收材料的区域形成一个或多个通道。超吸收聚合物颗粒具有根据“耐压吸收性测试方法”的至少22g/g的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值和根据“堆密度测试方法”的至少0.5g/ml的堆密度。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了用于吸收性卫生制品,诸如但不限于婴儿尿布、训练裤、女性卫生护垫和成人失禁产品的吸收芯。
背景技术
上述类型的用于个人卫生的吸收制品被设计成吸收和容纳身体流出物,具体地大量尿液。这些吸收制品通常包括具有不同功能的若干层,例如顶片、底片、和介于两者间的吸收芯,还有其它层。吸收芯的功能是为了长时间地吸收并保持身体流出物,例如尿布过夜使用、最小化回渗以保持穿着者干爽并避免弄脏衣服或床单。
大部分当前市售的吸收制品包括作为吸收材料的粉碎的木浆纤维与呈颗粒形式的超吸收聚合物(SAP)的共混物,也被称为吸收胶凝材料(AGM),参见例如US5151092(Buell)。还提出了具有狭缝或沟槽的吸收芯,所述狭缝或沟槽通常用于增加芯的流体采集特性或用于充当折叠引导件。
WO2012/170778(Rosati等人,也参见WO2012/170779、WO2012/170781和WO2012/170808)公开了吸收结构,所述吸收结构包括超吸收聚合物颗粒,任选地纤维素材料以及至少一对基本上纵向延伸的通道。芯包裹物可通过通道粘结以形成通道粘结部。通道粘结部可以是永久性的,使得它们的完整性至少部分地在干燥状态和润湿状态两者下被保持。在吸收结构吸收液体并溶胀时,吸收结构采用三维形状,其中通道变得可见。所述通道被指出提供改善的贴合性和/或更好的液体采集/输送,和/或在吸收结构的整个使用过程中的改善的性能。
超吸收聚合物颗粒的特性已用各种方式来表征。已使用以克液体每克超吸收颗粒计的吸收容量(CRC)、以及如通过“自由溶胀速率”(FSR)所测量的吸收速度和如通过“尿液渗透性测量”(UPM)测试所测量的它们的渗透性。
现已发现,通过粘结芯包裹物来产生通道可影响包括吸收材料诸如超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料的吸收芯的性能。
因此,需要具有超吸收聚合物颗粒的吸收芯,所述超吸收聚合物颗粒具有特别的性能以便克服通道的产生所带来的潜在负面结果。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于吸收制品的吸收芯,并且所述吸收芯包括包封吸收材料的芯包裹物,所述吸收材料包括超吸收聚合物颗粒。基于吸收材料的总重量,超吸收聚合物颗粒表示按重量计小于85%。芯包裹物包括顶侧和底侧,吸收芯包括一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域,通过所述区域,芯包裹物的顶侧附接到芯包裹物的底侧(即芯包裹物粘结部),使得当吸收材料溶胀时,芯包裹物沿基本上不含吸收材料的区域形成一个或多个通道。超吸收聚合物颗粒具有根据如本文所述的“耐压吸收性测试方法”的至少22g/g的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值和根据如本文所述的“堆密度测试方法”的至少0.5g/ml的堆密度。
基本上不含吸收材料的区域可通过各种不同的方法来形成。例如,芯包裹物的顶侧可经由粘合剂诸如热熔性粘合剂附接到芯包裹物的底侧,从而形成所谓的“芯包裹物粘结部”。另选地或此外,还有可能经由其它已知的附接方式来附接,诸如压力粘结、超声波粘结、热粘结或它们的组合。基本上不含吸收材料的区域也可通过从吸收材料切出所述区域来形成(例如,铺设连续的吸收材料层并且切出某些区域,因此形成基本上不含吸收材料的区域)。
相比于不具有基本上不含吸收材料的区域的吸收芯,通过基本上不含吸收材料的区域产生芯包裹物粘结部通常可导致吸收芯的外表面对吸收芯内的体积的比率增大。然而,吸收芯必须包含一定量的吸收材料。这尤其适用于界定基本上不含吸收材料的区域的区域,因为基本上不含吸收材料的区域构成了其中不存在用以吸收流体的容量的区域。当在流体吸收期间溶胀时,吸收芯内的吸收材料可经受由芯包裹物施加的相对高的压力。由于芯包裹物内的吸收材料是相对高度压实的以容纳足够量的吸收材料,因此纤维吸收材料之间的间隙只能提供有限的空间以供超吸收聚合物颗粒在溶胀时膨胀。此外,尤其是邻近基本上不含吸收材料的区域的超吸收聚合物颗粒具有减小的供膨胀的自由空间和减小的供重新定位的自由度,因为在基本上不含吸收材料的区域中,芯包裹物的顶侧和底侧是彼此附接的。因此,存在通过基本上不含吸收材料的区域的芯包裹物粘结部,这可产生阻止超吸收聚合物颗粒沿其中定位芯包裹物粘结部的方向溶胀的障碍。因此,包括超吸收聚合物颗粒的吸收芯的性能可能降低。
本发明人已发现,提供根据“耐压吸收性测试方法”的具有相对高“耐压吸收性”值的超吸收聚合物颗粒可改善包括超吸收聚合物颗粒的吸收芯的性能。根据本发明,超吸收聚合物颗粒需要具有至少22g/g的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值以便能够适当地耐压溶胀。
已发现在吸收芯的制造期间,超吸收聚合物颗粒可常常形成簇即一组紧密地聚集在一起的颗粒,尤其是如果吸收芯包括相对高含量的超吸收聚合物颗粒,诸如按重量计30%或更多的吸收材料的话。如果超吸收聚合物颗粒形成簇,则通过从吸收材料切出所述区域来产生基本上不含吸收材料的区域(例如,铺设连续的吸收材料层,并且切出某些区域,因此形成基本上不含吸收材料的区域)可能损坏超吸收聚合物颗粒簇。此外,如果超吸收聚合物颗粒形成簇,则通过使用粘合剂或其它已知的附接方式或它们的组合来产生基本上不含吸收材料的区域还可能污染超吸收聚合物颗粒簇。因此,希望最小化超吸收聚合物颗粒簇的体积和暴露于潜在切割或粘合剂污染的簇表面,以便不有害地影响超吸收聚合物颗粒的液体吸收特性。
本发明人已发现,当超吸收聚合物颗粒具有相对高的堆密度时,超吸收聚合物颗粒形成具有较低簇表面积的较小簇,这是由于实际上超吸收聚合物颗粒是更致密地堆积的。因此,超吸收聚合物颗粒簇呈现较小的体积,同时仍然提供相比于具有较低堆密度的超吸收聚合物颗粒来讲类似的性能。根据本发明,超吸收聚合物颗粒需要具有根据“堆密度测试方法”的至少0.5g/ml的堆密度值。
因此,降低了在通过基本上不含吸收材料的区域产生芯包裹物粘结部时损坏超吸收聚合物颗粒的风险。
虽然具有相对高堆密度和相对高“耐压吸收性”(AAP)的超吸收聚合物颗粒是人们已知的,但它们在带有通道的芯中的具体应用和相关联的优点先前并未被认识到。
超吸收聚合物颗粒的堆密度可为至少0.6g/ml。
超吸收聚合物颗粒可具有至少26.5g/g的“有效容量”(EFFC)值[EFFC=(CRC+AAP)/2]。
基于吸收材料的总重量,超吸收聚合物颗粒可表示按重量计至少30%,具体地按重量计至少50%。
吸收材料可包括纤维吸收材料,诸如天然纤维或合成纤维、或它们的组合。
吸收材料可由超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料组成。超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料可彼此混合。
基于吸收材料的总重量,吸收材料可包括按重量计多于15%的纤维吸收材料,或按重量计多于30%的纤维吸收材料。
纤维吸收材料可包括纤维素纤维或改性的纤维素纤维。基于纤维吸收材料的总重量,按重量计至少80%的纤维吸收材料可为纤维素纤维或改性的纤维素纤维。
基本上不含吸收材料的区域中的至少一个在所述区域的至少一些部分中具有至少2mm,具体地4mm至20mm的宽度(Wc)。
芯包裹物可包括基本上形成芯包裹物的顶侧的第一非织造物和基本上形成芯包裹物的底侧的第二非织造物,优选地第一非织造物可形成围绕第二非织造物的C-包裹物。
芯包裹物内的吸收材料的周边可限定吸收材料沉积区域。吸收材料沉积区域可为矩形的,或者可被成型为在裆点(C’)处的宽度窄于芯的其余部分中的吸收材料沉积区域的最大宽度。裆点可被定义为在芯的纵向轴线上被置于与吸收芯的前边缘相距五分之二(2/5)L”距离处的点。
本发明也涉及一种用于个人卫生的吸收制品,其包括液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片、任选地采集和/或分配层、和介于顶片和底片之间的如本文所述的吸收芯。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的吸收芯的一个实施方案的顶视图,其中所述芯包裹物的顶侧层部分地移除;
图2为图1的实施方案在裆点(C’)处的横向剖视图;
图3为带有本发明的吸收芯的呈尿布形式的示例性吸收制品的顶视图;
图4为图3的制品的横向剖视图;
图5为在与图4相同的点处截取的制品的横向剖视图,其中通道已由于尿布加载有流体而在芯中形成;
图6为本发明的吸收制品包装件的示意图。
具体实施方式
引言
如本文所用,术语“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳身体流出物的装置,并且更具体地讲是指紧贴或邻近穿着者身体放置以吸收和容纳从身体排放的多种流出物的装置。吸收制品可包括尿布(婴儿尿布和用于成人失禁的尿布)、裤、插件、女性护理吸收制品诸如卫生巾或卫生护垫等。如本文所用,术语“流出物”包括但不限于尿液、血液、阴道分泌物、汗液和粪便。本发明的优选的吸收制品为一次性吸收制品,更优选地为一次性尿布和一次性裤。本发明的吸收制品将以一次性尿布的形式在以下说明书和附图中进一步举例说明。然而,除非另有明确地指明,不应认为该说明限制权利要求的范围。
“一次性的”以其普通的意义使用,是指在不同时长内的有限次数的使用(例如小于20次使用,小于10次使用,小于5次使用,或小于2次使用)之后被处理或丢弃的制品。如果所述一次性吸收制品为尿布、裤、卫生巾、月经垫或用于个人卫生用途的湿擦拭物,则所述一次性吸收制品一般旨在在单次使用之后被处理。
“尿布”和“裤”是指一般被婴幼儿和失禁患者围绕下体穿着,以便环绕穿着者的腰部和腿部并且特别适于接收和容纳尿液和粪便的吸收制品。在裤中,第一腰区和第二腰区的纵向边缘彼此附接以预形成腰部开口和腿部开口。通过将穿着者的腿伸入腿部开口并将裤吸收制品拉到围绕穿着者下体的位置而将裤置于穿着者身上的适当位置。裤可通过任何合适的技术来预成型,包括但不限于利用可重复扣紧的和/或不可重复扣紧的粘结(例如,缝接、焊接、粘合剂、胶粘剂粘结、紧固件等)将吸收制品的各部分接合在一起。裤可在沿制品周边的任何位置预成型(例如,侧边扣紧的、前腰扣紧的)。在尿布中,腰部开口和腿部开口仅在尿布通过如下方式被穿用到穿着者身上时才形成:用合适的扣紧系统使第一腰区和第二腰区的纵向边缘在两侧上(可释放地)彼此附接。
如本文所用,“非织造纤维网”是指由定向或任意取向的纤维通过摩擦和/或胶粘和/或粘附而粘结成的、或通过湿磨法而毡化成的人造片、纤维网或毛层,不包括纸张和通过织造、编织、簇成、缝编而组合束缚的纱或长丝的产品,无论是否另外缝过。这些纤维可具有天然来源或人造来源,并且可为短纤维或连续长丝或原位形成的纤维。可商购获得的纤维具有从小于约0.001mm至大于约0.2mm范围内的直径,并且它们具有几种不同的形式,诸如短纤维(称作短纤维或短切纤维)、连续单纤维(长丝或单丝)、无捻连续长丝束(丝束)和加捻连续长丝束(纱)。非织造纤维网可通过许多方法形成,诸如熔喷法、纺粘法、溶液纺丝、静电纺纱、梳理法和气流成网法。非织造纤维网的基重通常用克/平方米(g/m2或gsm)表示。
“包括”和“包含”是开放式术语,每个均指定其后所述例如一个组分的存在,但不排除本领域已知的或本文所公开的其它特征例如元件、步骤或组分的存在。这些基于动词“包括”的术语应该理解成包括排除任何未指定的元件、步骤或成分的狭义术语“由…组成”以及将元件的范围限制成指定材料或步骤的“基本上由…组成”,以及不显著影响元件执行其功能的方式的那些。下文所述的任何优选的或示例性实施方案不限制权利要求的范围,除非明确地指明如此进行。
词“典型地”、“通常”、“有利地”等也限定元件,其不旨在限制权利要求的范围,除非明确地指明如此进行。
吸收芯28的一般说明
本发明的吸收芯通常将被制成用于前述类型的吸收制品,诸如一次性尿布或一次性裤。吸收芯可例如在线制备并与制品的剩余部件直接装配,或者可在另一个位点处离线制备并传送至吸收制品制造线。对于不需要其它层的应用而言,还可将吸收芯直接用作吸收制品而不另外装配其它部件。然而,通常吸收芯将与其它部件诸如顶片和底片装配以形成成品吸收制品,如下文将针对一次性尿布或一次性裤进一步示例性所述。
吸收芯通常为具有最高吸收容量的制品的部件。本发明的吸收芯包括包封吸收材料的芯包裹物,并且还可包括至少一种粘合剂。吸收材料包括称为“超吸收聚合物颗粒”的呈颗粒形式的超吸收聚合物(在本文中缩写为“SAP”)。基于芯包裹物内所包封的吸收材料的总重量,吸收材料可包括按重量计小于85%的超吸收聚合物颗粒。
所谓“吸收材料”,是指具有某种吸收特性或液体保持特性的材料,诸如超吸收聚合物颗粒;纤维吸收材料诸如天然纤维或合成纤维、或它们的组合。通常,用于制备吸收芯的粘合剂不具有吸收特性,并且不被认为是吸收材料。
本发明的示例性吸收芯28单独地示出于图1-2中,并且现在将进一步描述它。除非另外指明,所示的吸收芯及其描述仅用于示例性目的并且并非旨在限制权利要求的范围。吸收芯通常包括前侧280、后侧282和接合前侧280和后侧282的两个纵向侧284,286。吸收芯还包括由芯包裹物形成的大体为平面的顶侧16和大体为平面的底侧16’。芯的前侧280为旨在朝向吸收制品的前边缘10设置的芯的侧面。如在如图1所示的平面视图中从顶部所见,芯可具有基本上对应于制品20的纵向轴线的纵向轴线80’。通常,吸收材料将有利地以比朝向后侧更高的含量朝向芯的前侧和中间部分分布,因为在前部需要更多的吸收性。通常,芯的前侧和后侧短于芯的纵向侧。芯包裹物可由可至少部分地沿吸收芯的侧部密封的两种非织造材料形成。第一非织造物可基本上形成芯包裹物的整个顶侧并且第二非织造物基本上形成芯包裹物的整个底侧16’。顶侧和第一非织造物在附图中由相同的数字16表示,底侧和第二非织造物由数字16’表示。芯包裹物可沿其前侧280、后侧282和/或两个纵向侧284,286至少部分地密封以改善在使用期间对吸收材料的约束。
吸收芯28包括至少一个区域26,所述区域基本上不含吸收材料并且通过所述区域,芯包裹物的顶侧附接到芯包裹物的底侧。当吸收材料吸收液体时,其成比例地溶胀并且芯包裹物沿基本上不含吸收材料的粘结区域26逐渐形成通道26’。
如沿吸收芯的轴线80’,从前侧280到后侧282所测量,所述吸收芯的长度L”应适于其所用的预期制品。就婴儿尿布而言,长度L”可例如在5至40cm的范围内。吸收芯包括裆点C’,所述裆点限定为在纵向轴线80’上位于从吸收芯的前侧280起五分之二(2/5)L”的距离处的点。现在将更具体地描述吸收芯的各个部件。
芯包裹物(16,16’)
芯包裹物的功能是包封吸收材料。典型的芯包裹物包括彼此附接的两个基底16,16’,但是芯包裹物还可由围绕吸收材料折叠的单个基底制成,或可包括多个基底。当使用两个基底时,这些可通常沿吸收芯的周边的至少一部分彼此附接。典型的附接件为所谓的C-包裹物和夹心包裹物。在C-包裹物中,如图2中示例性示出的,一个基底的纵向和/或横向边缘在另一个基底上方折叠以形成侧翼。然后,这些侧翼通常通过胶粘而粘结到其它基底的外表面。
芯包裹物可由适于封装吸收材料的任何材料形成。可使用用于制备常规芯的典型的基底材料,具体地非织造物,而且还可使用纸张、纸巾、膜、织造物或这些中任一种的层合体。芯包裹物可具体地由非织造纤维网形成,诸如梳理非织造物、纺粘非织造物(“S”)或熔喷非织造物(“M”),以及这些中任一种的层合体。例如,熔纺聚丙烯非织造物是合适的,具体地是具有层合幅材SMS、或SMMS或SSMMS结构,并具有约5gsm至15gsm基重范围的那些。合适的材料例如公开于US7,744,576、US2011/0268932A1、US2011/0319848A1或US2011/0250413A1中。可使用由合成纤维诸如PE、PET,尤其是PP所提供的非织造材料。
如果芯包裹物包括第一基底16和第二基底16’,则这些可由相同类型的材料制成,或可由不同的材料制成,或者一个基底可以与另一个不同的方式进行处理以向其提供不同的特性。由于用于非织造物生产的聚合物是固有地疏水性的,如果被置于吸收芯的流体接收侧上,则它们优选地涂覆有亲水性涂层或以其它方式被处理成亲水性的。有利的是芯包裹物的顶侧16,即在吸收制品中更靠近穿着者设置的侧面,比芯包裹物的底侧16’更具亲水性。一种制备具有耐久亲水性涂层的非织造物的可能方法是,通过将亲水性单体和自由基聚合引发剂施涂到非织造物上,并且进行通过紫外光所激发的聚合作用,从而导致单体化学地结合到非织造物的表面。一种制备具有耐久亲水性涂层的非织造物的另选的可能方法是用亲水性纳米颗粒来涂覆非织造物,例如,如WO 02/064877中所述。
永久性地亲水性非织造物也可用于一些实施方案中。表面张力可用于测量永久性地实现一定亲水性水平的程度。液体透湿可用于测量亲水性水平。当用盐水溶液润湿时,第一和/或第二基底可具体地具有至少55,优选地至少60,并且最优选至少65mN/m或更高的表面张力。所述基底还可具有对于第五涌流液体而言小于5秒的液体透湿时间。这些值可使用US7,744,576B2(Busam等人):“Determination Of Surface Tension”和“Determinationof Strike Through”中分别描述的测试方法来测量。
亲水性和可润湿性通常根据流体例如通过非织造织物的接触角和透湿时间来定义。在由Robert F.Gould编辑的名称为“Contact angle,wettability and adhesion”的American Chemical Society出版物(版权1964)中对此进行了详细讨论。可认为水和基底表面之间的接触角较小的基底比另一种基底更具亲水性。
所述基底还可以为透气的。因此可用于本文的膜可包括微孔。基底可具有例如40或50至300或至200m3/(m2×min)的透气率,如按EDANA方法140-1-99(125Pa,38.3cm2)所测定。芯包裹物的材料可另选具有较低的透气率,例如为非透气的,以例如有利于对移动表面的处理,包括真空。
芯包裹物可沿其纵向边缘和/或其横向边缘密封。例如在C-包裹物构造中,第一基底16可置于芯的一个侧面上并围绕芯的纵向边缘延伸以部分地包围芯的相反底侧(参见图2)。第二基底16’通常存在于第一基底16的包围的侧翼和吸收材料60之间。第一基底16的侧翼可胶粘至第二基底16’以提供强密封。与夹心密封件相比,该所谓的C-包裹物构造可提供有益效果,诸如在润湿加载状态下改善的耐破裂性。然后,芯包裹物的前侧和后侧也可例如通过将第一基底和第二基底彼此胶粘来密封,以提供横跨芯的整个周边的对吸收材料的完全包封。对于芯的前侧和后侧而言,第一基底和第二基底可在基本上平面方向上延伸并接合在一起,形成对于这些边缘而言的所谓的夹心构造。在所谓的夹心构造中,第一基底和第二基底也可在芯的所有侧面上向外延伸并且通常通过胶粘和/或热/压力粘结沿芯的周边的全部或一部分而被封平。通常第一基底和第二基底均不需要成型,使得它们可被矩形切割以方便制备,但是当然其它形状也是可能的。
术语“密封”和“包封”应当广义地理解。密封不需要沿芯包裹物的整个周边是连续的,而是沿其部分或全部可以为不连续的,诸如由在一条线上间隔的一系列密封点形成。通常,密封可由胶粘和/或热粘结形成。芯包裹物还可由单个基底形成,所述基底可将吸收材料封装在包裹物中,并可例如沿芯的前侧和后侧以及一个纵向密封件来密封。
芯包裹物的顶侧16可通过这些基本上不含吸收材料的区域26由芯包裹物粘结部27附接到芯包裹物的底侧16’。
吸收材料60
吸收芯28包括吸收材料60,所述吸收材料包括超吸收聚合物颗粒(“SAP”)。基于芯包裹物内所包封的吸收材料的总重量,吸收材料可包括按重量计小于85%的超吸收聚合物颗粒。
基于芯包裹物中所包封的吸收材料的总重量,超吸收聚合物颗粒的含量可表示按重量计至少30%,优选地按重量计至少50%,更优选地按重量计至少60%但不多于85%。出于估算吸收芯中超吸收聚合物颗粒的百分比的目的,芯包裹物自身不被认为是吸收材料。
吸收材料也可包括纤维吸收材料,诸如天然纤维或合成纤维、或它们的组合。天然纤维可包括棉纤维或木纤维诸如桉树纤维、金合欢纤维、橡树纤维、枫树纤维或樱桃树纤维。合成纤维可包括聚合物纤维,诸如聚酯纤维、聚丙烯或聚乙烯纤维。纤维吸收材料不包括纤维形状的超吸收聚合物颗粒。
纤维吸收材料可包括纤维素材料或改性的纤维素纤维。纤维素纤维可为部分地或完全交联的。
优选地,吸收材料包括选自天然纤维的纤维吸收材料。优选地,天然纤维为选自纤维素纤维或改性的纤维素纤维的木纤维。
优选地,吸收材料包括选自纤维素纤维或改性的纤维素纤维的纤维吸收材料。
基于纤维吸收材料的总重量,按重量计至少80%的纤维吸收材料可为纤维素纤维或改性的纤维素纤维。
基于吸收材料的总重量,吸收材料可包括按重量计多于15%的纤维吸收材料,优选地按重量计多于30%,更优选地按重量计多于35%的纤维吸收材料。
吸收材料可由超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料组成。吸收材料可基本上或完全由超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料组成。
优选地,吸收材料由超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维素材料或改性的纤维素纤维组成。
超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料可彼此混合。
纤维吸收材料可用于吸收流体并沿吸收芯28铺展所述液体。随着超吸收聚合物颗粒被保持在介于纤维吸收材料的间隙之间的适当位置,纤维吸收材料也可用于将吸收材料固定在吸收芯28内,尤其是固定超吸收聚合物颗粒。因此,可使用较少的胶或不使用胶将吸收材料固定在吸收芯内。此外,纤维吸收材料还可用于将超吸收聚合物颗粒彼此分离以便增大吸收材料的渗透性。然而,即使超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料可彼此混合,超吸收聚合物颗粒也可能常常形成簇。
例如,吸收材料可包括按重量计15%至30%的纤维吸收材料和按重量计70%至85%的超吸收聚合物颗粒。
本领域中已知的是,使超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料在混合室中彼此混合,并且经由真空将所述层沉积在铺设转筒上。例如,WO2002/49565公开了一种均匀混合层及其制备方法。
超吸收聚合物颗粒(SAP)
如本文所用,“超吸收聚合物”是指为交联聚合物材料的吸收材料,所述交联聚合物材料可吸收至少10倍于它们自身重量的含水的0.9%盐水溶液,如使用“离心保留容量”(CRC)测试(EDANA方法WSP 241.2-05)所测量的。这些聚合物通常以颗粒形式(“SAP”)使用以便在干燥状态下是可流动的。术语“颗粒”是指颗粒剂、纤维、薄片、球体、粉末、薄板、以及在超吸收聚合物颗粒领域中技术人员已知的其它形状和形式。
典型的颗粒吸收性聚合物材料由聚(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物制成。然而,例如还可使用基于淀粉的颗粒吸收性聚合物材料,以及聚丙烯酰胺共聚物、乙烯马来酸酐共聚物、交联羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇共聚物、交联聚环氧乙烷、以及聚丙烯腈的淀粉接枝的共聚物。超吸收聚合物可以为内部交联和/或表面交联的聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯酸聚合物。超吸收聚合物可以为内部交联的,即在具有两个或更多个可聚合基团的化合物的存在下进行聚合,所述化合物能够自由基共聚到聚合物网络中。现有技术的示例性超吸收聚合物颗粒例如描述于WO2006/083584、WO2007/047598、WO2007/046052、WO2009/155265、WO2009/155264中。
超吸收聚合物颗粒的特性已用各种方式来表征。
“离心保留容量”(CRC)测量超吸收聚合物颗粒在过量液体中自由溶胀所吸收的液体。如根据EDANA方法WSP 241.2-05所测量,超吸收聚合物颗粒可具有多于18g/g,或多于20g/g,或多于22g/g,或多于24g/g,例如至多50g/g,或至多40g/g,或至30g/g的“离心保留容量”(CRC)值。CRC值不反映施加在吸收材料诸如超吸收聚合物颗粒上的任何外部压力。具有高CRC值的超吸收聚合物颗粒可以是优选的,因为需要较少的超吸收聚合物颗粒以有利于液体吸收所需的总体容量。
超吸收聚合物颗粒的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)可用来限定包括超吸收聚合物颗粒的吸收芯的性能。超吸收聚合物颗粒的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)对应于超吸收聚合物颗粒抵抗外部压力溶胀的能力。术语“外部压力”是指当穿着者例如坐下或躺下时由穿着者施加在吸收芯上的压力和由芯包裹物粘结部施加的压力。
相比于不具有基本上不含吸收材料的区域的吸收芯,通过基本上不含吸收材料的区域产生芯包裹物粘结部通常可导致吸收芯的外表面对吸收芯内的体积的比率增大。然而,吸收芯必须包含一定量的吸收材料。当在流体吸收期间溶胀时,吸收芯内的吸收材料可经受由芯包裹物施加的相对高的压力。由于芯包裹物内的吸收材料是相对高压实的以容纳足够量的吸收材料,因此纤维吸收材料之间的间隙提供有限的空间以供超吸收聚合物颗粒在溶胀时膨胀。此外,尤其是邻近基本上不含吸收材料的区域的超吸收聚合物颗粒具有减小的供膨胀的自由空间和减小的供重新定位的自由度,因为在基本上不含吸收材料的区域中,芯包裹物的顶侧和底侧彼此附接。因此,存在通过基本上不含吸收材料的区域的芯包裹物粘结部,这可产生阻止超吸收聚合物颗粒沿其中定位芯包裹物粘结部的方向溶胀的障碍。因此,包括超吸收聚合物颗粒的吸收芯的性能可能降低。
本发明人已发现,提供根据“耐压吸收性测试方法”具有相对高“耐压吸收性”值的超吸收聚合物颗粒可改善包括超吸收聚合物颗粒的吸收芯的性能。
根据本发明,超吸收聚合物颗粒具有根据“耐压吸收性测试方法”的至少22g/g的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值。
“耐压吸收性测试方法”是指EDANA方法WSP 442.2-02。
优选地,根据“耐压吸收性测试方法”,超吸收聚合物颗粒具有至少22.5g/g,更优选地至少23g/g,甚至更优选地至少23.5g/g,还优选地至少24g/g,并且最优选地至少24.5g/g的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值。
超吸收聚合物颗粒具有相对高的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值以便允许超吸收聚合物颗粒适当地耐压溶胀。
根据本发明,超吸收聚合物颗粒具有根据“堆密度测试方法”的至少0.5g/ml的堆密度。堆密度被定义为适配到100ml的烧杯中的自由流动的AGM量。
堆密度测试方法是指EDANA方法WSP 460.2-02。
优选地,超吸收聚合物颗粒具有至少0.55g/ml,更优选地至少0.6g/ml,甚至更优选地至少0.65g/ml,并且最优选地至少0.7g/ml的堆密度。
本发明人已发现,当超吸收聚合物颗粒具有相对高的堆密度时,超吸收聚合物颗粒形成具有较低簇表面积的较小簇,这是由于实际上超吸收聚合物颗粒是更致密地堆积的。因此,超吸收聚合物颗粒簇呈现较小的体积,同时仍然提供相比于具有较低堆密度的超吸收聚合物颗粒来讲类似的性能。因此,希望最小化超吸收聚合物颗粒簇的体积和暴露于潜在切割或粘合剂污染的簇表面,以便不有害地影响超吸收聚合物颗粒的液体吸收特性。
因此,降低了在通过基本上不含吸收材料的区域26产生芯包裹物粘结部27时损坏超吸收聚合物颗粒的风险。
可使用参数来限定超吸收聚合物颗粒的特性。其称为“有效容量”(EFFC)。“有效容量”(EFFC)是用超吸收聚合物颗粒的“离心保留容量”(CRC)值(EDANA测试方法WSP241.2.R3)和“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值来计算的。“有效容量”表示超吸收聚合物颗粒的“离心保留容量”(CRC)值的平均值和“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值的平均值。
“有效容量”(EFFC)经由下式来计算:EFFC=(CRC+AAP)/2。
优选地,超吸收聚合物颗粒具有至少26.5g/g,更优选地至少27g/g,甚至更优选地至少27.5g/g,并且最优选地至少28g/g的“有效容量”(EFFC)值。
超吸收聚合物颗粒的“耐压吸收性”(AAP)是用以测量超吸收聚合物颗粒抵抗外部压力溶胀的能力的一个重要参数。超吸收聚合物颗粒的“离心保留容量”是用以限定超吸收聚合物颗粒的性能的另一个重要参数。为了在总体上了解取决于施加到吸收芯的压力情况,可使用超吸收聚合物颗粒的“离心保留容量”(CRC)的平均值和“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值的平均值。这就是为什么要计算超吸收聚合物颗粒的“有效容量”(EFFC)。
吸收材料沉积区域8(或如果存在若干个,则“至少一个”吸收材料沉积区域)内的吸收材料的平均重量可为例如至少50,100,200,300,400,500g/m2或更大。
基本上不含吸收材料的区域26和通道26’
吸收芯28包括基本上不含吸收材料的一个或多个区域26。所谓“基本上不含”,是指在这些区域中的每个中,吸收材料的基重为芯的其余部分中的吸收材料平均基重的小于25%,具体地小于20%,小于10%。具体地,在这些区域中可不存在吸收材料。在制造过程中可能出现的少量诸如非故意的具有吸收材料的污染物不认为是吸收材料。当在芯的平面中观察时,区域26有利地被吸收材料包围,这意味着区域26不延伸至吸收材料的沉积区域8的任一边缘,如图1所示。
芯包裹物的顶侧16可通过这些基本上不含吸收材料的区域26由芯包裹物粘结部27附接到芯包裹物的底侧16’。如图5所示,当吸收材料因吸收液体而溶胀时,芯包裹物粘结部至少初始时保持附接在基本上不含材料的区域26中。芯的其余部分中的吸收材料在其吸收液体时溶胀,使得芯包裹物沿包括芯包裹物粘结部27的基本上不含吸收材料的区域26形成一个或多个通道26’。这些通道26’是三维的并且可用于沿其长度将侵入流体分配至芯的较宽区域。这可提供更快的流体采集速度和芯的吸收容量的更好利用。通道26’还可提供覆盖层如纤维层54的变形,并提供在覆盖层中的相应沟槽29。不排除吸收芯可包括基本上不含吸收材料但不具有芯包裹物粘结部的一个或多个其它区域,但这些未粘结区域在润湿时通常将不形成槽。
芯包裹物的顶侧16和底侧16’可沿一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26连续地附接在一起,但是芯包裹物粘结部27也可以为不连续的(间断的),诸如一系列点状粘结。通常,芯包裹物的顶侧可经由粘合剂诸如热熔性粘合剂附接到芯包裹物的底侧。另选地或此外,还有可能经由其它已知的附接方式来粘结,诸如压力粘结、超声波粘结或热粘结或它们的组合。
基本上不含吸收材料的区域26的形状和尺寸的以下示例是非限制性的。一般来讲,由于一些制造过程所需的公差,芯包裹物粘结部27可具有与区域26相同但略小的轮廓。一个或多个基本上不含材料的区域26可存在于制品的裆区内,具体地至少在与裆点C’相同的纵向水平上,如在图1中由基本上不含吸收材料的两个纵向延伸的区域26表示。吸收芯28还可包括多于两个基本上不含吸收材料的区域,例如至少3个、或至少4个、或至少5个、或至少6个。吸收芯可包括相对于纵向轴线80’对称布置的一对或多对基本上不含吸收材料的区域。基本上不含吸收材料的一个或多个较短的区域也可存在于例如芯的后区或前区中,如参见例如WO2012/170778的附图。
一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26可基本上纵向延伸,这通常是指每个区域在纵向上延伸比在横向上多,并且通常在纵向上延伸为在横向上至少两倍那么多(如在投射到相应轴线上之后所测量的)。一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26可具有投射于芯的纵向轴线80'上的长度L’,所述长度为吸收芯的长度L”的至少10%,具体地20%至80%。可能有利的是一个或多个区域26中的至少一些或全部是在芯中不完全或基本上不完全横向取向的通道。
一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26可完全纵向取向并平行于纵向轴线,但也可以为弯曲的。具体地,一些或全部这些区域,具体地存在于裆区中的这些区域可朝向纵向轴线80’成凹形,如例如图1中对于一对通道26’所表示的。曲率半径通常可至少等于吸收材料沉积区域8的平均横向尺寸(并且优选地至少1.5或至少2.0倍于该平均横向尺寸);并且也是直的,但是与平行于纵向轴线的线成(例如5°)至多30°,或例如至多20°,或至多10°的角度。曲率半径可对于一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域而言是恒定的,或者可沿其长度变化。这也可包括在其中带有角度的基本上不含吸收材料的区域,前提条件是通道的两个部分之间的所述角度为至少120°,优选地至少150°;并且在任一这些情况下,前提条件是所述区域的纵向延伸量超过横向延伸量。这些区域也可是分支的,例如与裆区中的纵向轴线叠加的基本上不含材料的中心区域朝向制品的后部和/或朝向制品的前部分支。
在一些实施方案中,不存在与芯的纵向轴线80’重合的基本上不含吸收材料的区域。当以相对于纵向轴线对称的一对或多对形式存在时,基本上不含吸收材料的区域可在它们的整个纵向尺寸上彼此间隔开。最小的间距可以为例如至少5mm,或至少10mm,或至少16mm。
除此之外,为减少流体渗漏的风险,一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域可有利地不延伸到达吸收材料沉积区域8的任一个边缘,并因此被芯的吸收材料沉积区域8包围或完全被包括在芯的吸收材料沉积区域8内。通常,一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域与吸收材料沉积区域的最近边缘之间的最小距离为至少5mm。
一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域沿其长度的至少部分可具有至少2mm,或至少3mm或至少4mm,至多例如20mm、或16mm或12mm的宽度Wc。一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域的宽度Wc可在基本上其整个长度内恒定或可沿其长度变化。
当吸收材料吸收液体如尿液并开始溶胀时,吸收芯中的通道26’开始形成。在芯吸收更多液体时,由通道形成的吸收芯内的凹陷将变得更深并对于肉眼和触摸更明显。另一方面,在一些情况下,芯包裹物粘结部也可在芯基本上被加载时限制吸收材料的溶胀。初始时,芯包裹物粘结部27可被设计成闭合的并增大邻近芯包裹物粘结部的区域中的压力。在某个点处,芯包裹物粘结部27也可被设计成当暴露于大量流体时以受控方式打开。
当超吸收聚合物颗粒具有相对高“耐压吸收性”值时,由超吸收聚合物颗粒在所述颗粒因吸收液体而溶胀时对芯包裹物粘结部27施加的力可相对较高。因此,该施加的力可以受控方式打开芯包裹物粘结部27,并且随着超吸收聚合物颗粒继续溶胀并吸收流体,可改善包括超吸收聚合物颗粒的吸收芯28的性能。
相反,当超吸收聚合物颗粒具有相对低“耐压吸收性”值时,由超吸收聚合物颗粒在所述颗粒因吸收而溶胀时对芯包裹物粘结部27施加的力可能不足以允许芯包裹物粘结部27以受控方式打开。
因此所述粘结部可至少在吸收材料吸收中等量流体的第一阶段期间保持基本上完整。在第二阶段中,通道中的芯包裹物粘结部27可开始打开以为吸收材料提供更多空间用于溶胀,同时保持通道的大部分有益效果,诸如芯在横向上的增加的柔韧性和流体管理。在第三阶段中,对应于非常高的吸收芯的饱和度,更显著部分的通道粘结部可打开以为溶胀的吸收材料提供甚至更多空间用于膨胀。通道内的芯包裹物粘结部27的强度可例如通过改变用于附接芯包裹物的两侧的粘合剂的量和性质来控制。
吸收材料沉积区域
从吸收芯的顶侧来看,吸收材料沉积区域8可由以下层的周边限定,所述层由芯包裹物内的吸收材料60形成。吸收材料沉积区域8可为大致矩形的,例如如图1所示,但也可使用其它形状,诸如“T”形状或“Y”形状或“沙漏”形状或“狗骨”形状。具体地,沉积区域可示出沿它的宽度朝向芯的中间或“裆”区的渐缩。以这种方式,吸收材料沉积区域在旨在置于吸收制品裆区中的芯区域中可具有相对窄的宽度。这可提供例如更好的穿着舒适性。吸收材料沉积区域8因此在其最窄点处可具有小于约100mm、90mm、80mm、70mm、60mm或甚至小于约50mm的宽度(如在横向方向上测量的)。该最窄宽度还可例如比其在沉积区域8的前区和/或后区中的最大点处的沉积区域的宽度小至少5mm或至少10mm。
从而沿芯的纵向轴线,以及沿横向轴线或平行于这些轴线中任一个的任何轴线,吸收材料的基重可以变化。相对高基重的区域中的吸收材料的基重可因此比相对低基重的区域中的吸收材料的基重高例如至少10%,或20%,或30%,或40%,或50%。
吸收制品的一般说明
现在已经非常详细地讨论了本发明的吸收芯的某些实施方案,现在将大致讨论这些芯所可用于其中的吸收制品并以婴儿尿布20的形式进一步示出于图3-5中。图3为处于平展状态的示例性尿布20的平面图,其中所述结构的一些部分被切除以更清楚地示出尿布20的构造。该尿布20仅出于例证的目的示出,因为本发明可用于制备多种尿布或其它吸收制品。
吸收制品包括液体可透过的顶片24、液体不可透过的底片25、以及介于顶片24和底片25之间的吸收芯28。图3示出了任选的采集/分配层54,该图也示出了其它典型的胶粘尿布部件,诸如包括粘合剂突片42的扣紧系统(该粘合剂突片朝向制品的后边缘附接并与制品的前部上的着陆区44协作)、通常经由顶片和/或底片接合到吸收制品的基础结构并基本上与尿布的基础结构成平面的阻隔腿箍34和弹性化衬圈箍32。吸收制品也可包括未示出的其它典型元件,诸如后弹性腰部结构、前弹性腰部结构、横向阻隔箍、洗剂应用等。
阻隔腿箍34可由材料片(通常为非织造物)形成,其部分地粘结到制品的其余部分,使得当制品被拉平时,所述材料(阻隔腿箍)的一部分可从由顶片限定的平面部分地突起并直立,如例如图3所示。阻隔腿箍可提供在靠近穿着者的躯干和腿部的接合处的液体和其它身体流出物的改善的约束性。阻隔腿箍由接合到制品的其余部分(通常为顶片和/或底片)的近侧边缘64以及自由端边界定,其旨在与穿着者的皮肤接触并形成密封件。阻隔腿箍在近侧边缘64处通过粘结部65与制品的基础结构接合,所述粘结部可例如通过胶粘、熔融粘结或已知的粘结方法的组合制成。近侧边缘64处的粘结部65可以为连续或间断的。最靠近阻隔腿箍32的凸起段的粘结部65的侧面界定腿箍的直立段的近侧边缘64。每个阻隔腿箍34可包括靠近该自由端边的一个、两个或更多个弹性带35,以提供更好的密封。
吸收制品可包括如本领域中已知的前耳片46和后耳片40。后耳片40有利地是可拉伸的,以有助于突片42附接在着陆区44上,并将胶粘尿布保持在围绕穿着者腰部的适当位置。
吸收制品20包括前边缘10、后边缘12、和两个侧边(纵向边缘)13,14。制品的前边缘10为旨在在被穿着时朝向使用者的前部放置的边缘,并且后边缘12为所述制品的相对边缘。在将所述制品平坦放置并如图3所示俯视的情况下,吸收制品可设想地被纵向轴线80划分,所述纵向轴线从制品的前边缘延伸至后边缘,并且将所述制品划分成相对于该轴线的两个基本上对称的半部。所述制品的长度L可沿纵向轴线80从前边缘10测量到后边缘12。所述制品包括裆点C,其在本文中被定义为在从制品20的前边缘10开始五分之二(2/5)L的距离处设置在纵向轴线上的点。用于尿布应用的制品在裆点处的宽度可以具体地为50mm至300mm,或80mm至250mm。对于成人失禁制品而言,宽度可以高达450mm。
裆区可定义为纵向中心位于裆点C处并且按照在每个方向上为L的五分之一(L/5)的距离朝向吸收制品的前部并朝向后部延伸的尿布的区域。前区和后区可定义成分别朝向制品的前边缘和后边缘设置的尿布的剩余部分。
顶片24、底片25、吸收芯28和其它制品部件可具体地通过胶粘或热压花,以多种熟知的构型来装配。示例性尿布构型大体描述于US3,860,003、US5,221,274、US5,554,145、US5,569,234、US5,580,411和US6,004,306中。
就大多数吸收制品而言,液体排放主要在制品(具体地尿布)的前半部中进行。因此,制品的前半部(如由介于前边缘和在距前边缘或后边缘一半L的距离处设置的横向线90之间的区域限定)可包括芯的大部分吸收容量。因此,至少60%的吸收材料,或至少65%,70%,75%或80%的吸收材料可存在于吸收制品的前半部中,剩余吸收材料设置在吸收制品的后半部中。
存在于吸收芯中的吸收材料的总量也可根据制品的预期使用者而有变化。用于新生儿的尿布比婴儿尿布或成人失禁尿布需要较少的吸收材料。对于典型的婴儿尿布或成人失禁尿布,芯中所包括的吸收材料量可为例如约2g至50g,具体地5g至40g。
吸收材料中的超吸收聚合物颗粒的浓度可沿吸收制品有变化。相比于前区和后区,吸收材料中的超吸收聚合物颗粒可在裆区中处于较高浓度。另选地,相比于裆区,吸收材料中的超吸收聚合物颗粒可在前区或后区中处于较高浓度。
顶片
顶片24为注定接触穿着者皮肤的吸收制品的层。如本领域中已知的,顶片24可接合到底片25、芯28和/或任何其它层。通常,顶片24和底片25可在制品的周边上或接近制品的周边彼此直接接合,以及通过将它们直接接合到制品20的一个或多个其它元件而在其它位置中间接地接合在一起。顶片可通过任何常规方式,具体地胶粘、机械或热粘结以及它们的组合附接到下面层54,所述下面层可以为采集层和/或分配层。顶片可具体地直接或间接地附接到其中形成纤维层的沟槽的区域中的纤维层54,如图5示例性所示。这可提供或有助于在制品的表面处形成第二沟槽29。
顶片24优选为适形的、感觉柔软的并且不会刺激穿着者的皮肤。另外,顶片24的至少一部分为液体可透过的,其允许液体容易地穿透其厚度。适宜的顶片可由许多各种不同的材料制成,诸如多孔泡沫、网状泡沫、开孔塑料膜、或者天然纤维(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维或长丝(例如,聚酯纤维或聚丙稀纤维或PE/PP双组分纤维或它们的混合物)或天然纤维与合成纤维的组合的织造或非织造材料。如果顶片包括纤维,则所述纤维可进行纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺法或换句话讲本领域中已知的处理,具体地纺粘PP非织造物。包括短纤维长度聚丙烯纤维的纤维网的合适的顶片由International PaperCompany的一个分部Veratec,Inc.(Walpole,MA)制造,商品名为P-8。
顶片24的任何部分可涂覆有如本领域中已知的洗剂。顶片24也可包括抗菌剂或用抗菌剂处理。此外,顶片24、底片25或者顶片或底片的任何部分可经压花和/或糙面精整以提供更类似于布料的外观。
顶片可包括一个或多个孔以便于流出物诸如尿液和/或粪便(固态的、半固态的、或液态的)从其渗透。通常,尿布表面处的孔的总面积可具有介于约10cm2和约50cm2之间,具体地介于约15cm2和35cm2之间的面积。
典型的尿布顶片具有约10gsm至约28gsm,具体地介于约12gsm至约18gsm之间的基重,但其它基重也是可能的。
底片
底片25通常是当被使用者穿着时形成制品的大部分外表面的吸收制品20的部分。底片朝向吸收芯的底侧定位并防止被吸收和容纳于其中的流出物弄脏制品诸如床单和内衣。底片25通常是对液体(例如,尿液)不可透过的。底片可例如为或包括薄型塑料膜诸如热塑性膜,其具有约0.012mm至约0.051mm的厚度。其它合适的底片材料可包括透气材料,它们允许蒸气从尿布20逸出,同时仍然防止流出物透过底片25。示例性透气材料可包括如下材料,诸如织造纤维网、非织造纤维网、复合材料诸如膜涂覆的非织造纤维网、微孔膜、和单体膜。
可采用本领域已知的任何附接方式将底片25接合到顶片24、吸收芯28或尿布20的任何其它元件。合适的附接方式已在上文针对用于将顶片24接合到制品20的其它元件的方式进行了描述。例如,附接方式可包括均匀连续的粘合剂层、成图案的粘合剂层、或分离的粘合剂线、螺旋线或点的阵列。另选地,附接方式可包括热粘结、压力粘结、超声粘结、动态机械粘结或任何其它合适的附接方式或本领域已知的这些附接方式的组合。
附加层
吸收制品还可包括一个或多个附加层54,所述附加层可用于采集并分配流体,如在附图中由层54所示的。一个或多个附加层可存在于顶片24和吸收芯28之间,如附图中所表示的,但是其还可存在于底片25和吸收芯28之间,或上述两者。附加层54可至少部分地粘结到基本上不含吸收材料的一个或多个区域中的芯包裹物的顶侧或底侧上。当吸收材料溶胀时在吸收芯中形成通道26’,因此可在附加层54中提供一个或多个对应的沟槽29。
一个或多个附加层可以为任何类型诸如非织造物、织造材料或甚至松散的纤维。附加层尤其可以为本领域中已知的用于采集层和/或分配层的类型。
分配层可使侵入流体液体分布在制品内的较大表面上,使得可更有效地利用芯的吸收容量。典型的分配层由基于合成或纤维素纤维并具有相对低密度的非织造材料制成。分配层的密度可根据制品的压缩而变化,但通常可以在0.30psi(2.07kPa)下所测量的0.03至0.25g/cm3,具体地0.05至0.15g/cm3的范围内。分配层也可为如下材料,其具有如US5,137,537中所公开的程序所指示地测量的25至60,优选地30至45的保水值。分配层可通常具有30至400g/m2,具体地100至300g/m2的平均基重。
分配层可例如包括按重量计至少50%的交联纤维素纤维。交联纤维素纤维可为起褶皱的、加捻的、或卷曲的、或它们的组合(包括起褶皱的、加捻的和卷曲的)。该类型的材料已在过去作为采集系统的一部分用于一次性尿布中,例如US 2008/0312622 A1(Hundorf)。交联的纤维素纤维提供较高的弹性,从而向第一吸收层提供针对产品包装或使用条件中(例如在婴儿重量下)压缩的较高阻力。这向芯提供较高的空隙体积、渗透性和液体吸收,从而减少渗漏并改善干燥性。
示例性交联剂包括聚羧酸如柠檬酸和/或聚丙烯酸诸如丙烯酸和马来酸共聚物。
吸收制品还可包括采集层作为附加层,其功能可以为快速采集离开顶片的流体以便为穿着者提供良好的干燥性。此类采集层通常直接置于顶片下。然后吸收制品还可包括分配层,所述分配层通常置于采集层和吸收芯之间。
采集层通常可以为或包括非织造材料,例如SMS或SMMS材料,所述非织造材料包括纺粘层、熔喷层、以及其它纺粘层或另选地梳理成网的化学粘结非织造物。非织造材料可具体地被胶乳粘结。可使用梳理成网的树脂粘结的非织造物,尤其是在使用的纤维是实心圆形或圆形且空心的PET短纤维的情况下(6旦尼尔纤维和9旦尼尔纤维的50/50或40/60混合物)。示例性粘结剂为丁二烯/苯乙烯胶乳。非织造物具有其可在转换加工生产线外部制造并以材料卷的形式储存和使用的优点。
这种采集层54可由胶乳粘结剂例如苯乙烯-丁二烯胶乳粘结剂(SB胶乳)来稳定。
除上述第一采集层之外,还可使用其它采集层。例如,薄纸层可置于第一采集层和分配层之间。与上述采集层相比,薄纸可具有增强的毛细管分布特性。薄纸和第一采集层可具有相同尺寸或可具有不同尺寸,例如与第一采集层相比,薄纸层还可在吸收制品的后部中延伸。亲水性薄纸的一个示例为13–22.5gsm高湿强度,其由出自供应商Havix的纤维素纤维制成。
如果存在采集层,则可能有利的是该采集层在纵向尺寸和/或横向尺寸上大于或至少与下面的分配层一样大。以这种方式,分配层可沉积于采集层上。这简化了处理,尤其是如果采集层为可从库存材料卷展开的非织造物时。分配层还可直接沉积在芯包裹物的吸收芯的上侧或制品的其它层上。另外,采集层大于分配层允许将采集层直接胶粘到存储芯上(在较大区域处)。这可赋予增加的贴片完整性和更好的液体连通。
制备制品的方法-层之间的关系
本发明的吸收制品可由本领域已知的任何常规方法制成。通常相邻层和部件将使用常规的粘结方法诸如通过槽式涂布或喷涂在层的整个或部分表面上的粘合剂涂层,或热粘结、或压力粘结或它们的组合而接合在一起。针对图3的腿箍65和顶片24之间的粘结部示例性地示出了该粘结。为清楚和便于理解起见,未示出其它胶粘和附接,但应当认为除非明确地排除在外,存在制品的层之间的典型粘结。粘合剂可通常用于改善不同层之间,例如底片和芯包裹物之间的粘附。胶可为本领域已知的任何标准热熔胶。
吸收芯并且具体地其吸收材料沉积区域8可以有利地至少与纤维层一样大和长,且有利地至少部分地大于和/或长于纤维层。这是因为芯中的吸收材料通常可比纤维层更有效地保持流体并在较大区域中提供干燥有益效果。吸收制品可具有矩形的吸收材料层和非矩形(成型的)纤维层。吸收制品也可具有矩形的(非成型的)纤维层和矩形的吸收材料层。
包装件
该制品可被折叠并封装,如本领域中已知的。包装件可为例如塑料袋或硬纸板盒。尿布通常可沿横向轴线双折,并且耳片在封装之前被向内折叠。吸收制品可在压缩下堆积以便减小包装件的尺寸,同时仍然为每个包装件提供足够量的吸收制品。通过在压缩下封装吸收制品,护理者可容易地处理和存储包装件,同时由于包装件的尺寸的缘故,也为制造商提供了配送和盘存方面的节省。图6示出了包括多个吸收制品1004的示例性包装件1000。包装件1000限定所述多个吸收制品1004所在的内部空间1002。所述多个吸收制品1004被布置成一个或多个叠堆1006。
所述三维材料可尤其对压缩具有回弹性,使得制品可在一定程度上被压缩在包装件中。据信所述多个相对紧密地间隔的、相对小的且相对枕头般的三维突出部充当弹簧以抵抗压缩,并且一旦压缩力被去除就恢复,尤其是在通道附近的区域中更是如此。压缩恢复在吸收制品的非织造物或其它组分层中是很重要的,因为此类制品通常是在压缩状态下封装和折叠的。出于美观和性能目的,个人护理产品的制造商们希望保持现制厚度的大部分(如果不是全部的话)。此外,据信基本上不含材料的通道可有助于意料不到地且有益地改善压缩恢复,因为它们提供间距以供三维突出部中的至少一些在存储和运输期间在压缩的包装状态下嵌置。
本发明的制品因此可以至少10%,具体地10%至50%,具体地20%至40%的“袋内压缩率”压缩封装。如本文所用,“袋内压缩率”为一减去在被压缩在袋内期间所测量的10个折叠制品的叠堆高度(“袋内叠堆高度”)除以压缩之前的相同类型的10个折叠制品的叠堆高度所得的商,再乘以100;即(1-袋内叠堆高度/压缩之前的叠堆高度)*100,将其记录为百分比。当然,袋中的叠堆无需精确地具有10个制品,而是将包装件中的制品叠堆高度的测量值除以所述叠堆中的制品数量,然后乘以10。用来测量“袋内叠堆高度”的方法更详细地描述于“测试程序”中。通常可从生产线在折叠单元和叠堆装填单元之间对压缩之前的制品取样。压缩之前的叠堆高度通过如下方式测量:在压缩和封装之前获取10个制品,并且测量它们的叠堆高度,如关于IBSH所示。
本公开的吸收制品包装件可具有70mm至110mm的“袋内叠堆高度”。
根据本文所述的“袋内叠堆高度测试”,本公开的吸收制品包装件可具体地具有小于110mm,小于105mm,小于100mm,小于95mm,小于90mm的“袋内叠堆高度”,具体地列举所指定范围内的和在其中形成的或由此形成的所有范围内的所有0.1mm增量。针对在前句中共享的值,可能期望具有大于70mm,或大于75mm,或大于80mm的“袋内叠堆高度”。另选地,根据本文所述的“袋内叠堆高度测试”,本公开的吸收制品包装件可具有70mm至110mm,75mm至110mm,80mm至110mm,80mm至105mm,或80mm至100mm的“袋内叠堆高度”,具体地列举所指定范围内的和在其中形成的或由此形成的所有范围内的所有0.1mm增量。
测试方法:
离心保留容量(CRC)测试方法
CRC测量超吸收聚合物颗粒在过量液体中自由溶胀所吸收的液体。CRC根据EDANA方法WSP 241.2-05来测量。
耐压吸收性(AAP)测试方法
AAP根据EDANA方法WSP 442.2-02来测量。
堆密度测试方法
堆密度测试方法是指EDANA方法WSP 460.2-02。
有效容量(EFFC)
“有效容量”表示超吸收聚合物颗粒的“离心保留容量”(CRC)值的平均值和“耐压吸收性”(AAP)值的平均值。
“有效容量”(EFFC)经由下式来计算:EFFC=(CRC+AAP)/2。
袋内叠堆高度测试
如下确定吸收制品包装件的袋内叠堆高度:
设备:使用带有平坦刚性水平滑板的厚度测试仪。厚度测试仪被构造成使得水平滑板沿竖直方向自由移动,其中水平滑板总是在平坦的刚性水平基板的正上方保持在水平取向。厚度测试仪包括适于测量水平滑板和水平基板之间的间隙的装置,精确至±0.5mm以内。水平滑板和水平基板大于接触每个板的吸收制品包装件的表面,即每个板在所有方向上均延伸超过吸收制品包装件的接触表面。水平滑板对吸收制品包装件施加850±1克力(8.34N)的向下力,所述向下力可通过如下方式来实现:将合适的砝码放置在水平滑板的不接触包装件的顶部表面的中心上,使得滑板加上添加的砝码的总质量为850±1克。
测试程序:在测量之前,将吸收制品包装件在23±2℃和50±5%的相对湿度下进行平衡。升高水平滑板并且以包装件内的吸收制品处于水平取向的方式将吸收制品包装件居中置于水平滑板下。将接触板中任一者的包装件的表面上的任何柄部或其它封装结构均抵靠包装件的表面折叠平坦,以便最小化它们对所述测量的影响。缓慢地放低水平滑板,直到其接触包装件的顶部表面,然后释放。在释放水平滑板之后十秒,测量水平板之间的间隙,精确至±0.5mm以内。测量五个相同的包装件(相同尺寸的包装件和相同的吸收制品数目),并且将算术平均值报告为包装件宽度。计算并报告“袋内叠堆高度”=(包装件宽度/每个叠堆的吸收制品数目)×10,精确至±0.5mm以内。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或以其它方式限制,本文中引用的每一篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本申请对其要求优先权或其有益效果的任何专利申请或专利,均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。任何文献的引用不是对其作为与本发明任何公开或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其自身或与任何其它参考文献或多个参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开了此发明任何方面的认可。此外,当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文件中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明实质和范围的情况下可作出多个其它变化和修改。因此,本文旨在于所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于吸收制品中的吸收芯(28),所述吸收芯包括:
包封吸收材料(60)的芯包裹物(16,16’),所述吸收材料包括超吸收聚合物颗粒,其中基于所述吸收材料的总重量,所述超吸收聚合物颗粒表示按重量计小于85%,
其中所述芯包裹物包括顶侧(16)和底侧(16’),
其中所述吸收芯包括一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域(26),通过所述区域,所述芯包裹物的顶侧附接到所述芯包裹物的底侧,使得当所述吸收材料溶胀时,所述芯包裹物沿所述基本上不含吸收材料的区域形成一个或多个通道(26’),
其特征在于所述超吸收聚合物颗粒具有根据耐压吸收性测试方法的至少22g/g的耐压吸收性(AAP)值和根据堆密度测试方法的至少0.5g/ml的堆密度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸收芯,其中所述超吸收聚合物颗粒的堆密度为至少0.6g/ml。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述超吸收聚合物颗粒具有至少26.5g/g的“有效容量”(EFFC)值。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中基于所述吸收材料的总重量,所述超吸收聚合物颗粒表示按重量计至少30%,具体地按重量计至少50%。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料包括纤维吸收材料,诸如天然纤维或合成纤维、或它们的组合。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料由所述超吸收聚合物颗粒和纤维吸收材料组成。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的吸收芯,其中所述超吸收聚合物颗粒和所述纤维吸收材料彼此混合。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中基于所述吸收材料的总重量,所述吸收材料包括按重量计多于15%的所述纤维吸收材料,或按重量计多于30%的所述纤维吸收材料。
9.根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述纤维吸收材料包括纤维素纤维或改性的纤维素纤维。
10.根据权利要求5至9中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中基于所述纤维吸收材料的总重量,按重量计至少80%的所述纤维吸收材料为纤维素纤维或改性的纤维素纤维。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述基本上不含吸收材料的区域中的至少一个在所述区域的至少一些部分中具有至少2mm,具体地4mm至20mm的宽度(Wc)。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述芯包裹物包括基本上形成所述芯包裹物的顶侧(16)的第一非织造物和基本上形成所述芯包裹物的底侧(16’)的第二非织造物,优选地其中所述第一非织造物形成围绕所述第二非织造物的C-包裹物。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述芯包裹物内的所述吸收材料的周边限定吸收材料沉积区域(8),并且其中所述吸收材料沉积区域为矩形的或被成型为在裆点(C’)处的宽度窄于所述芯的其余部分中的所述吸收材料沉积区域的最大宽度,其中所述裆点被定义为在所述芯的纵向轴线(80’)上被置于与所述吸收芯的前边缘(280)相距五分之二(2/5)L”的距离处的点。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述芯包裹物的顶侧经由粘合剂诸如热熔性粘合剂附接到所述芯包裹物的底侧。
15.用于个人卫生的吸收制品(20),所述吸收制品包括:
液体可透过的顶片(24),
液体不可透过的底片(25),
任选地采集和/或分配层(54),以及
介于所述顶片和底片之间的根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯(28)。
16.一种包装件,所述包装件包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的多个吸收制品,其中所述包装件具有70mm至110mm的袋内叠堆高度。
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CN114630643A (zh) * | 2019-11-12 | 2022-06-14 | 易希提卫生与保健公司 | 包括涂覆的超吸收性颗粒的吸收垫 |
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EP3167859B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
US10632029B2 (en) | 2020-04-28 |
EP3167859A1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
US20170135871A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
CN108348383B (zh) | 2021-02-05 |
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