JP2004516688A - 発光素子を備えた光源 - Google Patents
発光素子を備えた光源 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004516688A JP2004516688A JP2002554890A JP2002554890A JP2004516688A JP 2004516688 A JP2004516688 A JP 2004516688A JP 2002554890 A JP2002554890 A JP 2002554890A JP 2002554890 A JP2002554890 A JP 2002554890A JP 2004516688 A JP2004516688 A JP 2004516688A
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- Prior art keywords
- light source
- phosphor
- light
- source according
- earth metal
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7783—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals one of which being europium
- C09K11/7795—Phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
- C09K11/7734—Aluminates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
- C09K11/77344—Aluminosilicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
- C09K11/774—Borates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
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- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0073—Light emitting diode [LED]
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- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
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Abstract
Description
[技術分野]
本発明は、発光素子と、蛍光体とを備え、発光素子が第1のスペクトル範囲、特に光スペクトルの青色および/または紫外線範囲で発光し、蛍光体がアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩(Erdalkaliorthosilikate)の群に由来するか又はこの発光物質群の少なくとも1つの成分を含み、発光素子の発光の一部を吸収し、別のスペクトル範囲、特に黄緑色、黄色又はオレンジ色の範囲で発光する光源に関する。選択された蛍光体はこの群の他の蛍光体および/またはこの群に属していない別の発光物質と混合されて使用される。
【0002】
発光素子は特に無機LEDであるが、有機LED、レーザーダイオード、無機厚膜エレクトロルミネセンスシートまたは無機薄膜エレクトロルミネセンス部品であってもよい。
【0003】
[従来の技術]
無機LEDはとりわけ、長寿命、省スペース、耐震性、さらにスペクトル狭帯域での発光という点で優れている。
【0004】
多数の発光色、特にスペクトル広帯域の多数の発光色は、LED内の活性半導体材料の内部発光によって実現できないか又は非効率にしか実現することができない。とりわけこのことは白色光を得る場合にあてはまる。
【0005】
従来の技術によれば、半導体を用いて内部で実現することができない発光色は色変換によって得られる。
【0006】
この色変換の技術は主として、少なくとも1つの蛍光体をLEDダイ上に配置する原理に基づいている。その蛍光体は、このダイから発光された放射の一部を吸収し、ホトルミネセンスへ励起される。光源の発光色すなわち光色はダイの伝送された放射と発光物質の発光された放射との混合によって生じる。
【0007】
蛍光体としては基本的に有機系ならびに無機系を使用することもできる。無機顔料の主要な利点は有機系に比べて高い化学的な温度および放射安定性にある。無機LEDの長寿命に関連して、長寿命の無機蛍光体は2つの構成要素から構成される光源の高い色位置安定性を保証する。
【0008】
青色発光LEDから放出された放射が白色光に変換されるべき場合、青色光(450〜490nm)を有効に吸収し高効率で大部分黄色のルミネセンス放射に変換する発光物質が必要とされる。当然、少数の無機蛍光体しかこの要求を満たすことができない。現時点では多くの場合、YAG発光物質クラスの材料が青色LEDに対する色変換顔料として使用されている(国際公開第98/05078号、第98/12757号パンフレット参照)。しかしながら、この材料には、該材料が560nm以下の発光最大値の場合にしか充分に高い効率を示さないという欠点がある。このような理由から青色ダイオード(450〜490nm)と組み合わされたYAG顔料を用いて、6000〜8000Kの色温度および比較的低い演色(演色評価数Raの標準的な値は70〜75である)を有する冷たい感じの白色の光色のみを実現することができる。これにより用途範囲が非常に強く制限される。一方では、全般照明に白色光源を適用すると通常は照明手段の演色に高い要求が出され、他方では、とりわけ欧州および北米における顧客からは2700〜5000Kの色温度を持つ温かい光色が好まれている。
【0009】
さらに国際公開第00/33389号パンフレットから、青色LEDの光を変換するための蛍光体としてとりわけBa2SiO4:Eu2+を使用することが公知である。発光物質Ba2SiO4:Eu2+の発光最大値は505nmにあり、それゆえこのような組合わせを用いると確実に白色光を発生することができない。
【0010】
S.H.M. Poort等による論文、“Optical properties of Eu2+−aktivated orthosilicates and orthophospates”(刊行物「Jornal of Alloys and Compounds 」260巻、1997年発行、第93〜97頁)では、Euで活性化されたBa2SiO4ならびにリン酸塩(例えばKBaPO4、KSrPO4)の性質が研究されている。また同文献では、Ba2SiO4の発光が505nmにあることが確認されている。
【0011】
[発明の開示]
本発明の課題は、冒頭に記載した種類の光源を、高い効率および高い演色を同時に得ると共に高温の色温度を持つ白光色、特に国際照明委員会(CIE)から全般照明用に決定された公差楕円内に位置する色位置を発生できるように変更することにある。
【0012】
この課題は、本発明によれば、冒頭に記載した種類の光源において、蛍光体が、組成:
(2−x−y)SrO・x(Bau,Cav)O・(1−a−b−c−d)SiO2・aP2O5 bAl2O3 cB2O3 dGeO2:yEu2+
(但し、0≦x<1.6
0.005<y<0.5
x+y≦1.6
0≦a、b、c、d<0.5
u+v=1である)
で示される2価のユウロピウムで活性化されたアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩
および/または組成:
(2−x−y)BaO・x(Sru,Cav)O・(1−a−b−c−d)SiO2・aP2O5 bAl2O3 cB2O3 dGeO2:yEu2+
(但し、0.01<x<1.6
0.005<y<0.5
0≦a、b、c、d<0.5
u+v=1
x×u≧0.4、である)
で示されるアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩であり、
好ましくはa、b、c、dの値のうちの少なくとも1つが0.01より大きいことによって解決される。
【0013】
良好な演色および高い光効率を有する白色光は、青色LEDと上述の組成を有しユウロピウムで活性化された本発明によるアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩の群から選択された蛍光体との組合わせによって実現できることが見出された。純粋なバリウムオルト珪酸塩をベースにし青緑色光を放射する蛍光体に対して、バリウム−ストロンチウムオルト珪酸塩混合結晶によって黄緑色、黄色から黄オレンジ色までのルミネセンス光が発生され、カルシウムをオルト珪酸塩格子内へ組み込むことによって完全にオレンジ色のルミネセンス光が発生され、それゆえ青色LEDの伝送された光と選択された蛍光体の発光されたルミネセンス光との混合によって、高い演色および高い効率を有する白色光が発生される。オルト珪酸塩においてBaをSrによって置換することによる発光色のシフトは、上述したPoort等の論文によって従来では硬いUV放射(254nmの励起)を用いた励起に対してのみ知られていた。それに対して、この作用が440〜475nmの範囲の青色光を照射すると増強されて発生することは、その論文には記載されていない。Ba−Sr−Caオルト珪酸塩混合結晶および長波長のUV放射または青色光で励起された際のその強い発光能力は従来では全く知られていなかった。
【0014】
選択された蛍光体はこの群の他の蛍光体および/またはこの群に属していない付加的な発光物質と混合して使用することもできる。後者の発光物質には、2価のユウロピウムおよび/またはマンガンで活性化された例えば青色光を発するアルカリ土類金属アルミン酸塩、ならびにY(V,P,Si)O4:Eu,Bi,
Y2O2S:Eu,Biまたは式Me(3−x−y)MgSi2O8:xEu,yMn(但し、0.005<x<0.5、0.005<y<0.5、MeはBa、Sr、Caの少なくとも1つから成る)で示されるユウロピウムおよびマンガンで活性化されたアルカリ土類金属−マグネシウム−二珪酸塩:Eu2+,Mn2+の群から成る赤色光を発する蛍光体が属する。
【0015】
以下において詳細に説明される実施例に示されているように、本発明による混合結晶性蛍光体のSr成分は、白色光を発生し得るために、少なすぎてはならない。
【0016】
P2O5、Al2O3および/またはB2O3をオルト珪酸塩格子内に付加的に組み込むこと、および珪素の一部をゲルマニウムによって置換することはそれぞれの蛍光体の発光スペクトルへの相当の影響を有し、それゆえこれはそれぞれの用途例のために有利にさらに変えることができることが見出された。Si(IV)としての小さなイオンは一般的に長波長範囲側への発光最大値のシフトを惹き起し、一方大きなイオンは発光重心点を短波長側へシフトさせる。さらに、例えばハロゲン化物および/またはアルカリ金属イオンのような1価のイオンの少量が蛍光体格子内へ追加的に組み込まれることは、結晶化度、発光能力にとって、特に本発明による蛍光体の安定性にとって有利であることが判明している。
【0017】
本発明の他の実施態様によれば、光源が少なくとも2つの異なる蛍光体を有し、少なくとも1つの蛍光体がアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩発光物質である。このようにしてそれぞれの用途に要求された白の色調が特に正確に生じ、特に80以上のRa値を達成できる。本発明の他の有利な実施態様は、スペクトルの紫外線範囲、例えば370nm〜390の範囲で発光するLEDと、少なくとも1つの発光物質が本発明によるアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩発光物質である少なくとも3つの発光物質との組合わせである。相応の発光物質混合物において、付加的な発光物質として、ユウロピウムおよび/またはマンガンで活性化され青色光を発するアルカリ土類金属アルミン酸塩、および/またはY(V,P,Si)O4:Eu,Bi、Y2O2S:Eu,Biの群またはユウロピウムおよびマンガンで活性化されたアルカリ土類金属−マグネシウム−二珪酸塩の群から成り赤色光を発する蛍光体を使用できる。
【0018】
本発明による光源の機械的構成に対しては多数の可能性が存在する。1つの実施態様によれば、1つまたは複数のLEDチップが反射鏡内のプリント板上に配置され、蛍光体が、反射鏡上に配置されている透光板内に分散されている。
【0019】
しかし、1つまたは複数のLEDチップが反射鏡内のプリント板上に配置され、蛍光体が反射鏡に被着されていることも可能である。
【0020】
LEDチップがドーム状の形状を有する透明な注型材料で注型されていると有利である。一方ではこの注型材料は機械的な保護を形成し、他方では注型材料は光学的特性を改善する(LEDダイからの光出射の改善)。
【0021】
蛍光体は注型材料中に分散されていてもよく、この注型材料によって、できるだけガスが閉込められることなしに、プリント板上に配置されたLEDチップとポリマーレンズとが結合され、ポリマーレンズと注型材料とは最大で0.1だけ異なる屈折率を有する。この注型材料によってLEDダイが直接閉じ込められていてもよいし、しかしながらLEDダイが透明な注型材料で注型されている(すなわちその場合には透明な注型材料と蛍光体を含有する注型材料とが存在している)ことも可能である。屈折率が近似していることによって、境界面での反射による損失がほとんどない。
【0022】
ポリマーレンズが球形もしくは楕円形の窪みを有し、この窪みが注型材料を充填され、LEDアレイがポリマーレンズから僅かな距離で固定されていると有利である。このようにして、機械的な構造の高さを減少させることができる。
【0023】
蛍光体の均一な分布を達成するために、蛍光体が特に無機のマトリックス中に懸濁されていると有利である。
【0024】
少なくとも2つの蛍光体を使用する場合、少なくとも2つの蛍光体が個々にマトリックス中に分散され、これらのマトリックスが光の伝搬方向に相前後して配置されていると有利である。これによって蛍光体の濃度は、異なる蛍光体を一様に分散させた場合に比べて減少させることができる。
【0025】
次に、本発明の優れた実施態様における蛍光体を製造するための重要な工程を説明する。
【0026】
アルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩蛍光体の製造のために、選択した組成に応じて、化学量論的な量の出発物質のアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩、二酸化珪素ならびに酸化ユウロピウムを完全に混合し、発光物質の製造にとって通常に行われている固体反応において還元性雰囲気下でかつ1100℃〜1400℃の温度で所望の蛍光体に変換する。この場合、結晶化度にとっては、反応混合物に少ない割合で、特に0.2モル未満の割合で塩化アンモニウムまたは他のハロゲン化物を添加すると有利である。本発明においては、珪素の一部をゲルマニウム、ホウ素、アルミニウム、リンで置換することもでき、このことは熱により酸化物に分解する上記元素の化合物の相応量の添加によって行なわれる。同様に、少量のアルカリ金属イオンをそれぞれの格子内へ組み込むことが達成される。
【0027】
得られた本発明によるオルト珪酸塩蛍光体は、約510nm〜600nmの波長で発光し、110nmまでの半値幅を有する。
【0028】
反応パラメータの相応の形成および例えば1価のハロゲン化物および/またはアルカリ金属イオンの特定の添加によって、蛍光体を傷付けやすい機械的な粉砕プロセスを実施することなく、本発明による蛍光体の粒度分布がそれぞれの用途の要求に最適に整合する。このようにして、約2μm〜20μmの平均粒度を有する狭帯域および広帯域の粒度分布が生じる。
【0029】
[図面の簡単な説明]
本発明の他の利点を以下において実施例および図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
【0030】
図1〜6は本発明による種々のLED光源のスペクトル(波長に依存する相対強度)を示し、図7〜10は本発明によるLED光源の種々の実施例を示す。
【0031】
[発明の最良の実施例]
図1は、464nmの重心波長を有する第1のスペクトル範囲において発光する青色LEDと、596nmの最大値を有する第2のスペクトル範囲において発光する組成(Sr1.4Ca0.6SiO4:Eu2+)の本発明による蛍光体との組合わせによって形成されている2700Kの色温度を有する白色LEDの発光スペクトルを示す。
【0032】
464nmで発光するLEDと、本発明によるオルト珪酸塩蛍光体のそれぞれ1つとの組合わせの他の例が図2および図3に示されている。組成Sr1.90Ba0.08Ca0.02SiO4:Eu2+を持ち黄色光を発する蛍光体が色変換のために使用されると、4100Kの色温度を有する白光色が生じ、一方蛍光体Sr1.84Ba0.16SiO4:Eu2+を使用すると例えば6500Kの色温度を有する白色光源が製造される。
【0033】
464nmLEDと、本発明による2つのオルト珪酸塩蛍光体との組合わせの標準的なスペクトルが図4に示されている。使用された発光物質は組成Sr1.4Ca0.6SiO4:Eu2+およびSr1.00Ba1.00SiO4:Eu2+を有している。図4に示された具体的なスペクトルのために5088Kの色温度と82の演色評価数Raとが保たれている。当然、全ての色温度は蛍光体の選定された量比率に応じて約3500K〜7500Kの範囲で実現されており、本発明による2つのアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩蛍光体から成るこの種の混合物の大きな利点はとりわけ80以上のRa値が同時に得られることにある。
【0034】
この一例が図5に示されている。図示されているスペクトルは、464nmLEDと、2つの蛍光体Sr1.6Ca0.4Si0.98Ga0.02O4:Eu2+およびSr1.10Ba0.90SiO4:Eu2+から成る混合物との組合わせを示し、5000Kの色温度で82のRa値を提供する。
【0035】
発光素子として、370〜390nmの最大値を有する第1のスペクトル範囲において発光するUV−LEDが使用される場合、そのLEDと、図4に示された本発明による蛍光体および同時に青緑色光を発するバリウム−マグネシウムアルミン酸塩発光物質:Eu,Mnの特定の成分を含んでいる発光物質混合物との組合わせによって、90以上のRa値が実現される。図6は6500Kの色温度で91のRaを有する白色光源の発光スペクトルを示す。
【0036】
他の例は次の一覧表に記載されている。使用された無機LEDの発光波長および本発明による蛍光体のそれぞれの組成のほかに、生じた色温度およびRa値ならびに光源の色位置が示されている。
T=2778K(464nm+Sr1.4Ca0.6SiO4:Eu2+);
x=0.4619、y=0.4247、Ra=72、
T=2950K(464nm+Sr1.4Ca0.6SiO4:Eu2+);
x=0.4380、y=0.4004、Ra=73、
T=3497K(464nm+Sr1.6Ba0.4SiO4:Eu2+);
x=0.4086、y=0.3996、Ra=74、
T=4183K(464nm+Sr1.9Ba0.08Ca0.02SiO4:Eu2+);
x=0.3762、y=0.3873、Ra=75、
T=6624K(464nm+Sr1.9Ba0.02Ca0.08SiO4:Eu2+);
x=0.3101、y=0.3306、Ra=76、
T=6385K(464nm+Sr1.6Ca0.4SiO4:Eu2++Sr0.4Ba1.6SiO4:Eu2+);
x=0.3135、y=0.3397、Ra=82、
T=4216K(464nm+Sr1.9Ba0.08Ca0.02SiO4:Eu2+));
x=0.3710、y=0.3696、Ra=82、
T=3954K(464nm+Sr1.6Ba0.4SiO4:Eu2++Sr0.4Ba1.6SiO4:Eu2++YVO4:Eu3+);
x=0.3756、y=0.3816、Ra=84、
T=6489K(UV−LED+Sr1.6Ca0.4SiO4:Eu2++Sr0.4Ba1.6SiO4:Eu2++バリウム−マグネシウムアルミン酸塩:Eu2+);
x=0.3115、y=0.3390、Ra=86、
T=5097K(464nm+Sr1.6Ba0.4(Si0.98B0.02)O4:Eu2++Sr0.6Ba1.4SiO4:Eu2+);
x=0.3423、y=0.3485、Ra=82、
T=5084K(UV−LED+Sr1.6Ca0.4(Si0.99B0.01)O4:Eu2++Sr0.6Ba1.4SiO4:Eu2++ストロンチウム−マグネシウムアルミン酸塩:Eu2+);
x=0.3430、y=0.3531、Ra=83、
T=3369K(464nm+Sr1.4Ca0.6Si0.95Ge0.05O4:Eu2+);
x=0.4134、y=0.3959、Ra=74、
T=2787K(466nm+Sr1.4Ca0.6Si0.98P0.02O4.01:Eu2+);
x=0.4630、y=0.4280、Ra=72、
T=2913K(464nm+Sr1.4Ca0.6Si0.98Al0.02O4:Eu2+);
x=0.4425、y=0.4050、Ra=73
T=4201K。
【0037】
本発明の有利な実施例において、色変換は次のとおり実施される。
【0038】
1つ又は複数のLEDチップ1(図7参照)をプリント板2上で組み立てる。LED上に直接、(一方ではLEDチップの保護のために、他方ではLEDチップ内で発生した光をより良好に出射させることができるようにするために)封止材料(カプセル化材料)3を半球もしくは半楕円の形で配置する。この封止材料3は、各ダイを個々に包含することもできるし、封止材料が全てのLEDのための共通の1個の形であってもよい。このようにして実装したプリント板2を反射鏡4内に設置するか、またはこの反射鏡4をLEDチップ1の上にかぶせる。
【0039】
反射鏡4に透光板5を設置する。一方ではこの透光板5は装置の保護のために使用され、他方ではこの透光板5中に蛍光体6が混入されている。透光板5を透過する青色光(もしくは紫外放射)は、その透過の際に部分的に蛍光体6によって第2のスペクトル範囲へ変換され、その結果全体的に白色の色印象が得られる。平面平行な板の間で生じるような導波作用による損失は、該透光板の不透明性および散乱特性によって減少される。さらに反射鏡4によって、すでに調整された光のみが透光板5に入射するようにされ、その結果全反射作用が始めから減少される。
【0040】
図8に示されているように、蛍光体6を反射鏡4に被着することも可能である。この場合には透光板は必要とされない。
【0041】
これとは別に、各LEDチップ1上に反射鏡4´がかぶせられていてもよく、この反射鏡4´は封止材料(カプセル化材料)3´をドーム形に注型され、透光板5が各反射鏡4´上につまりこの装置全体の上に配置されている(図9参照)。
【0042】
照明光源を製造するために、個別LEDの代りにLEDアレイを使用すると有利である。本発明の優れた変形例において、色変換は、LEDチップ1が直接プリント板2上に組み立てられているLEDアレイ1´(図10参照)で次のように実施される。
【0043】
LEDアレイ1´を注型材料(例えばエポキシ樹脂)3を用いて、別の材料(例えばPMMA)からなる透明なポリマーレンズ7に接着する。ポリマーレンズ7および注型材料3の材料は、できるだけ近似する屈折率を有するように、すなわち位相整合されているように選択される。注型材料3は、ポリマーレンズ7の最大で球形または楕円形の窪みの中に存在する。この窪みの形状は、注型材料3中に色変換物質が分散されているという点で重要であり、従ってこの形状付与によって、角度に関係しない発光色が得られることが保証される。これとは別に前記アレイは、最初に透明な注型材料で注型され、引き続いて色変換物質を含有している注型材料を用いてポリマーレンズに接着されていてもよい。
【0044】
少なくとも2つの異なる蛍光体が使用されている特に良好な演色を有する白色LEDを製造するために、これらの蛍光体を一緒に1つのマトリックス中に分散させるのではなく、これら蛍光体を別々に分散させて設けると有利である。これは、最終的な光色が複数段の色変換プロセスによって得られる組合せに特に該当する。すなわち、最長波の発光色が1つの発光プロセスによって生成されることであり、この発光プロセスは次のとおり、すなわち、LEDの発光を第1の蛍光体が吸収する―第1の蛍光体が発光する―第1の蛍光体の発光を第2の蛍光体が吸収する―第2の蛍光体が発光する、というように進行する。特に、この種のプロセスにとって、個々の蛍光体を光の伝搬方向に相前後して配置すると有利である。というのは、それによって、種々の材料を一様に分散させた場合よりも材料の濃度を減少させることができるからである。
【0045】
本発明は上述の実施例に限定されない。蛍光体はポリマーレンズ(または別の光学部品)中に組み込まれていてもよい。蛍光体をLEDダイ上に直接配置することもできるし、透明な注型材料の表面上に配置することもできる。また蛍光体を散乱粒子と共に1つのマトリックス中に組み込むこともできる。このことによって、マトリックス中での沈降が防止され、均一な光出射が保証される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】
本発明によるLED光源のスペクトル(波長に依存する相対強度)を示す図
【図2】
本発明によるLED光源のスペクトル(波長に依存する相対強度)を示す図
【図3】
本発明によるLED光源のスペクトル(波長に依存する相対強度)を示す図
【図4】
本発明によるLED光源のスペクトル(波長に依存する相対強度)を示す図
【図5】
本発明によるLED光源のスペクトル(波長に依存する相対強度)を示す図
【図6】
本発明によるLED光源のスペクトル(波長に依存する相対強度)を示す図
【図7】
本発明によるLED光源の第1実施例の概略断面図
【図8】
本発明によるLED光源の第2実施例の概略断面図
【図9】
本発明によるLED光源の第3実施例の概略断面図
【図10】
本発明によるLED光源の第4実施例の概略断面図
【符号の説明】
1 LEDチップ
1´ LEDアレイ
2 プリント板
3、3´ 封止材料
4、4´ 反射鏡
5 透光板
6 蛍光体
7 ポリマーレンズ
Claims (16)
- 発光素子と、蛍光体とを備え、発光素子が第1のスペクトル範囲、特に光スペクトルの青色および/または紫外線範囲で発光し、蛍光体がアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩の群に由来するか又はこの発光物質群の少なくとも1つの成分を含み、発光素子の発光の一部を吸収し、別のスペクトル範囲、特に黄緑色、黄色又はオレンジ色の範囲で発光する光源において、
蛍光体が、組成:
(2−x−y)SrO・x(Bau,Cav)O・(1−a−b−c−d)SiO2・aP2O5 bAl2O3 cB2O3 dGeO2:yEu2+
(但し、0≦x<1.6
0.005<y<0.5
x+y≦1.6
0≦a、b、c、d<0.5
u+v=1である)
で示される2価のユウロピウムで活性化されたアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩
および/または組成:
(2−x−y)BaO・x(Sru,Cav)O・(1−a−b−c−d)SiO2・aP2O5 bAl2O3 cB2O3 dGeO2:yEu2+
(但し、0.01<x<1.6
0.005<y<0.5
0≦a、b、c、d<0.5
u+v=1
x×u≧0.4である)
で示されるアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩であり、
好ましくはa、b、c、dの値のうちの少なくとも1つが0.01より大きいことを特徴とする光源。 - 蛍光体において珪素の一部がガリウムによって置換されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の光源。
- 光源が、2価のユウロピウムおよび/またはマンガンで活性化されたアルカリ土類金属アルミン酸塩の群から成る付加的な蛍光体、および/または、Y(V,P,Si)O4:Eu,Bi、Y2O2S:Eu,Biまたは式Me(3−x−y)MgSi2O8:xEu,yMn(但し、0.005<x<0.5、0.005<y<0.5、MeはBa、Sr、Caの少なくとも1つから成る)で示されるアルカリ土類金属−マグネシウム−二珪酸塩:Eu2+,Mn2+の群から成り赤色光を発する付加的な他の蛍光体を含んでいることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の光源。
- 1価のイオン、特にハロゲン化物および/またはアルカリ金属が蛍光体格子の中に組み込まれていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の1つに記載の光源。
- 光源の第1のスペクトル範囲が300〜500nmであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の1つに記載の光源。
- 光源の第2のスペクトル範囲が430nm〜650nmであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の1つに記載の光源。
- 光源がRa値>70、特にRa値>72を有する白色光を放射することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の1つに記載の光源。
- 光源が少なくとも2つの異なる蛍光体を有し、少なくとも1つの蛍光体がアルカリ土類金属オルト珪酸塩発光物質であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の1つに記載の光源。
- 1つまたは複数のLEDチップ(1)が反射鏡(4)内のプリント板(2)上に配置され、蛍光体(6)が、反射鏡(4)上に配置されている透光板(5)内に分散されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8の1つに記載の光源(図7)。
- 1つまたは複数のLEDチップ(1)が反射鏡(4)内のプリント板(2)上に配置され、蛍光体(6)が反射鏡(4)に被着されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8の1つに記載の光源(図8)。
- LEDチップ(1)がドーム状の形状を有する透明な注型材料(3,3´)で注型されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至10の1つに記載の光源。
- 蛍光体が注型材料(3)中に分散され、この注型材料(3)によって、できるだけガスが閉込められることなしに、プリント板(2)上に配置されたLEDチップ(1)とポリマーレンズ(7)とが結合され、ポリマーレンズ(7)と注型材料(3)とが最大で0.1だけ異なる屈折率を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至11の1つに記載の光源(図10)。
- ポリマーレンズ(7)が球形もしくは楕円形の窪みを有し、この窪みが注型材料(3)を充填されて、LEDアレイ(1´)がポリマーレンズ(7)から僅かな距離で固定されていることを特徴とする請求項12記載の光源(図10)。
- 蛍光体が特に無機のマトリックス中に懸濁されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至13の1つに記載の光源。
- 少なくとも2つの蛍光体が個々にマトリックス中に分散され、これらのマトリックスが光の伝搬方向に相前後して配置されていることを特徴とする請求項8又は14記載の光源。
- 体積分布の平均粒度d50が2μm〜20μmであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至15の1つ記載の光源。
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US8471459B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2013-06-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Fluorescent substance and light-emitting device employing the same |
JP2014521227A (ja) * | 2011-07-18 | 2014-08-25 | ヘレーウス ノーブルライト ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 改善された光学系を備えているオプトエレクトロニクスモジュール |
US9068116B2 (en) | 2011-08-24 | 2015-06-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Luminescent material |
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