ES2345534T5 - Fuente luminosa con un elemento emisor de luz - Google Patents

Fuente luminosa con un elemento emisor de luz Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2345534T5
ES2345534T5 ES01272551T ES01272551T ES2345534T5 ES 2345534 T5 ES2345534 T5 ES 2345534T5 ES 01272551 T ES01272551 T ES 01272551T ES 01272551 T ES01272551 T ES 01272551T ES 2345534 T5 ES2345534 T5 ES 2345534T5
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Spain
Prior art keywords
phosphor
light
light source
source according
led
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES01272551T
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English (en)
Other versions
ES2345534T3 (es
Inventor
Stefan Tasch
Peter Pachler
Gundula Roth
Walter Tews
Wolfgang Kempfert
Detlef Starick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tridonic Jennersdorf GmbH
Leuchtstoffwerk Breitungen GmbH
Litec GbR
Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tridonic Jennersdorf GmbH
Leuchtstoffwerk Breitungen GmbH
Litec GbR
Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
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Application filed by Tridonic Jennersdorf GmbH, Leuchtstoffwerk Breitungen GmbH, Litec GbR, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd filed Critical Tridonic Jennersdorf GmbH
Publication of ES2345534T3 publication Critical patent/ES2345534T3/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2345534T5 publication Critical patent/ES2345534T5/es
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7783—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals one of which being europium
    • C09K11/7795—Phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
    • C09K11/7734—Aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
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    • C09K11/77344—Aluminosilicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
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    • C09K11/774—Borates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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    • G02B6/0073—Light emitting diode [LED]
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
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    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
    • H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
    • H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
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Description

DESCRIPCIÓN
Fuente luminosa con un elemento emisor de luz
CAMPO TÉCNICO
El presente invento se refiere a una fuente luminosa para generar luz blanca, que comprende un diodo emisor de luz (lEd ) para emitir una radiación azul, y con al menos un luminóforo, que absorbe una porción de radiación azul y él mismo emite radiación en otra región espectral.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA
Los LEDs inorgánicos se caracterizan, entre otras cosas, por su larga duración, reducida ocupación de espacio, sensibilidad a las sacudidas y emisión espectral de banda estrecha.
Numerosos colores de emisión - especialmente en banda ancha del espectro - no se pueden realizar o al menos sólo ineficazmente en LEDs por medio de la emisión intrínseca de un material semiconductor activo. Esto es, sobre todo, aplicable a la generación de luz blanca.
En el documento WO 00/33390, se muestra un aparato emisor de luz, que comprende un LED o diodo láser, que emite exclusivamente en azul y que coopera con una mezcla de una sustancia luminiscente. Un LED, que emite en la región espectral de entre 420 y 470 nm, se combina además con una mezcla de sustancias luminiscentes de por lo menos dos sustancias luminiscentes para generar luz blanca. Las dos sustancias luminiscentes forzosamente necesarias deben emitir además (para ello) con diferentes espectros. La mezcla de sustancias luminiscentes empleada comprende siempre un componente rojo y un componente verde. Por la mezcla de colores con la radiación azul, suministrada por el LED, se produce entonces luz blanca.
Según el estado de la técnica, se generan colores de emisión, que no se pueden realizar intrínsicamente con el semiconductor, mediante conversión de colores.
La técnica de la conversión de colores se basa fundamentalmente en el principio de que se dispone al menos un luminóforo sobre el cubo del LED. Dicho luminóforo absorbe una porción de la radiación emitida por el cubo y es excitado, al mismo tiempo, para la fotoluminiscencia. El color de la emisión o bien de la luz de la fuente resulta entonces de la mezcla de la radiación transmitida del cubo y de la radiación emitida por la sustancia luminiscente. Como luminóforos se pueden utilizar básicamente tanto sistemas orgánicos como también inorgánicos. La ventaja esencial de los pigmentos imorgánicos estriba en la mayor estabilidad química de la temperatura y de la radiación en comparación con los sistemas orgánicos. En cuanto a la larga duración de los LEDs inorgánicos, los luminóforos inorgánicos de larga duración aseguran una elevada estabilidad del lugar del color de la fuente luminosa consistente en los dos componentes.
Si la radiación irradiada por los LEDs emisores en azul se ha de convertir en luz blanca, se requieren sustancias luminiscentes, que absorban eficazmente la luz azul (450-490 nm) y la transformen con la mayor eficacia en radiación luminiscente amarilla en su mayor parte. Por cierto, sólo existe una pequeña cantidad de luminóforos inorgánicos, que cumplen tales requerimientos. Actualmente, se utilizan en la mayoría de los casos materiales de la clase YAG de sustancias luminiscentes como pigmentos de conversión del color para LEDs emisores en azul (WO 98/05078, WO 98/05078; WO 98/12757). Por cierto, estos materiales presentan el inconveniente de que sólo poseen una eficacia suficientemente elevada con un máximo de emisión menor que 560 nm. Por esta razón, sólo se pueden realizar, con los pigmentos YAG en combinación con los diodos en azul (450 a 490 nm), colores de luz blancos fríos, con temperaturas de color entre 6000 y 8000° K y con calidad de colores comparativamente inferior (los valores típicos para el índice Ra de calidad de los colores quedan entre 70 y 75). De ello se derivan unas posibilidades de utilización muy limitadas. Por un lado, se plantean, por lo general, en la utilización de fuentes de luz blanca para la iluminación general, mayores exigencias de calidad en la exactitud de reproducción del medio luminoso y, por otro, los consumidores, sobre todo en Europa y en Norteamérica, prefieren colores de luz más calientes con temperaturas de color entre 2700 y 5000° K.
A partir del documento WO 00/33389, se conoce además utilizar, entre otros, Ba2SiO4:Eu2+ como luminóforo para convertir la luz de LEDs azul. El máximo de la emisión de la sustancia luminiscente Ba2SiO4 :Eu2+ queda, sin embargo, en 505 nm de modo que no se puede generar con seguridad luz blanca con una combinación semejante. En el trabajo de S.H.M. Poort y otros:”Optical properties of Eu2+ activated orthosilicates and ortophos- phates” (Propiedades ópticas de ortosilicatos y ortofosfatos activados por Eu2+), Journal of Alloys and Compounds 260 (1977), páginas 93 a 97, se investigan las propiedades del Ba2SiO4 activado por Eu2+, así como de fosfatos tales como KBaPO4 y KSrPO4. También se constata aquí que la emisión del Ba2SiO4 queda aproximadamente en 505nm. El documento WO 00/19546 describe un sistema de iluminación que tiene al menos dos diodos emisores de luz, en el que al menos dos diodos emisores de luz comprenden al menos un diodo emisor de luz azul y al menos un diodo emisor de luz roja.
El documento WO 01/89001, relevante bajo el Art. 54 (3) EPC, describe un sistema de iluminación de luz blanca que comprende un LED, un primer material luminiscente que tiene una emisión máxima de 575-620 nm, un segundo material luminiscente que tiene una emisión de 495-550 nm, y un tercero material luminiscente con una emisión máxima de 420-480 nm.
EXPOSICIÓN DEL INVENTO
El objeto del presente invento consiste, por consiguiente, en facilitar una fuente luminosa mejorada, que utilice como fuente de radiación un diodo emisor de luz (LED), pudiendo emitir dicha fuente de radiación en la región de color azul, y que esté en condiciones de generar luz blanca con eficacia más alta utilizando una sustancia luminiscente mejorada, con lo cual sea posible, ante todo, utilizar esta luz blanca con fines de iluminación.
Al mismo tiempo, se pretende evitar los inconvenientes conocidos del estado actual de la técnica. Al mismo tiempo, debe ser posible adicionalmente ajustar las temperaturas del color en una amplia zona, utilizando una o varias sustancias luminiscentes, para satisfacer diferentes requerimientos de los usuarios y, en especial, ajustar aquellos lugares del color, que queden dentro de las elipses de tolerancia determinadas por la CIE (Comisión Internacional de Iluminación) para la iluminación general.
Este objeto se consigue mediante una fuente luminosa según la reivindicación 1.
En una forma de realización ventajosa, al menos uno de los valores a, b, c y d es mayor que 0,01. Además, se puede sustituir una parte del silicio por galio en el luminóforo mencionado arriba.
De forma sorprendente, se halló que luz blanca con buena calidad del color y elevado rendimiento luminoso se puede realizar por combinación de un LED azul con un luminóforo, elegido entre el grupo de ortosilicatos alcalinotérreos activados con europio según el invento de la composición mencionada arriba. Al contrario que los luminóforos, basados en puros ortosilicatos de bario y que irradian luz verde-azulada, se pueden generar por cristales de mezcla de ortosilicato de bario-estroncio luz luminiscente coloreada de amarillo-verde, amarillo a amarillo-naranja e incluso totalmente naranja incorporando calcio en la red del ortosilicato, de modo que entonces se pueda generar luz blanca de alta calidad del color y elevada eficacia mezclando la luz transmitida por el LED azul y la luz luminiscente emitida por el luminóforo seleccionado. El cambio del color de emisión por sustitución del Ba por Sr en los ortosilicatos sólo era conocido hasta ahora para la excitación con fuerte radiación UV (excitación de 254 nm) por el trabajo de Poort y otros mencionado arriba; que este efecto apareciese sorprendentemente reforzado, por la irradiación con luz azul en la región de 440 a 475 nm, en cambio aún no se describió. Los cristales de mezcla de ortosilicatos de Ba- Sr-Ca y su fuerte capacidad de emisión por excitación con radiación UV de onda larga o luz azul eran completamente desconocidos hasta ahora.
El luminóforo seleccionado se puede aplicar también en mezclas con otros luminóforos de este grupo y/o con sustancias luminiscentes adicionales, que no pertenecen a este grupo. A las sustancias luminiscentes últimamente mencionadas pertenecen, por ejemplo, aluminatos alcalinotérreos emisores de luz azul activados con europio bivalente y/o manganeso, así como los luminóforos emisores de luz roja del grupo Y(V,P,Si)O4: Eu, Bi, Y2O2S:Eu, Bi o también disilicatos de magnesio alcalinotérreos activados por europio y manganeso: Eu2+, Mn2+ de la fórmula
Me(3+y)MgSi2Os:xEu y Mn,
con
0,005<x<0,5
0,005<y<0,5
y Me = Ba y/o Sr y/o Ca.
Como se muestra en los ejemplos de realización expuestos abajo, la proporción de Sr en los luminóforos de cristal de mezcla según el invento no debe ser demasiado reducida para poder generar luz blanca.
De modo sorprendente, se halló además que la incorporación adicional de P2O5 , A^O3 y/o B2O3 en la red de ortosilicato, así como la sustitución de una parte del silicio por germanio tienen asimismo una influencia notable sobre el espectro de emisiones del respectivo luminóforo, de modo que se puede variar aún más el luminóforo de modo ventajoso para el caso de aplicación correspondiente. Además, los iones menores que el Si(IV) provocan, en general, un cambio del máximo de las emisiones a la región de onda larga, mientras que los iones mayores desplazan el centro de gravedad de las emisiones a longitudes de onda más cortas. Se pudo demostrar además que puede resultar ventajoso para la cristalinidad, la capacidad de emisión y en especial para la estabilidad del luminóforo según el invento, que se incorporen adicionalmente a la red del luminóforo pequeñas cantidades de iones monovalentes como, por ejemplo, halogénos y/o iones metálicos alcalinos.
Según otra forma de realización ventajosa más del invento, la fuente luminosa presenta al menos dos luminóforos diferentes, siendo, al menos uno, una sustancia luminiscentede de ortosilicato alcalinotérreo. De este modo, se puede ajustar de modo especialmente exacto el tono blanco requerido para la respectiva aplicación y se pueden alcanzar valores mayores de 80.
Para la realización mecánica de la fuente luminosa según el invento, existen diversas posibilidades. Según una forma de realización, se ha previsto que uno o varios chips de LED se dispongan en una placa de circuitos impresos dentro de un reflector y el luminóforo se disperse en un disco luminoso, que esté dispuesto sobre el reflector.
Pero también es posible que uno o más chips de LED se dispongan en una placa de circuitos impresos dentro de un reflector y el luminóforo se implante sobre el reflector.
Preferiblemente, se sellan los chips de LED con una masa de relleno transparente, que tenga forma de cúpula. Esta masa de relleno constituye, por un lado, una protección mecánica y, por otro, mejora también las propiedades ópticas (mejor salida de la luz del cubo del LED).
También se puede dispersar el luminóforo en una masa de relleno, que une una disposición de chips de LEDs de una placa de circuitos impresos y una lente de polímero a poder ser sin inclusiones gaseosas, presentando la lente de polímero y la masa de relleno indicios de refracción, que se diferencian como máximo en 0,1. Dicha masa de relleno puede incluir directamente los cubos de los LEDs, aunque también es posible que estén sellados con una masa de relleno transparente (entonces hay, por tanto, una masa de relleno transparente y una masa de relleno con el luminóforo). Gracias a los índices de refracción similares, apenas hay pérdidas por reflexión en las superficies límite.
La lente de polímero presenta preferiblemente una escotadura de forma esférica o bien elipsoidal, que se rellena con la masa de relleno, de modo que la disposición de LEDs se fije a poca distancia de la lente de polímero. De ese modo, se puede reducir la altura de la estructura mecánica.
Para conseguir una distribución regular del luminóforo, es conveniente que el luminóforo se disperse en una matriz preferiblemente inorgánica.
Utilizando al menos dos luminóforos, resulta ventajoso que los al menos dos luminóforos se dispersen individualmente en matrices dispuestas una tras otra en la dirección de la propagación luminosa. Con ello, se puede reducir la concentración de luminóforos en comparación con una dispersión individual de los diferentes luminóforos. Se representa, a continuación, las etapas esenciales para fabricar los luminóforos en una variante preferida del invento.
Para fabricar los luminóforos de ortosilicato alcalinotérreo, se mezclan íntimamente, según la composición seleccionada, las cantidades estequiométricas de las sustancias de partida, o sea, carbonato alcalinotérreo, dióxido de silicio así como óxido de europio, y se transforman en el luminóforo deseado en una reacción de cuerpos sólidos, habitual para la fabricación de sustancias luminiscentes, a temperaturas de entre 1100° y 1400° en una atmósfera reductora. Resulta, además, ventajoso para la estructura cristalina agregar a la mezcla reactiva pequeñas porciones, preferiblemente menores de 0,2 moles de cloruro amónico u otros halógenos. A los efectos del invento expuesto, se puede sustituir también una parte de silicio por germanio, boro, aluminio, fósforo, lo que se realiza agregando cantidades adecuadas de compuestos de los elementos mencionados, que se pueden descomponer térmicamente en óxidos. Análogamente, se puede conseguir que se incorporen a la red respectiva pequeñas cantidades de iones de metales alcalinos.
Los luminóforos de ortosilicatos según el invento obtenidos emiten en longitudes de onda entre unos 510 nm y 600 nm y poseen una semianchura de hasta 110 nm.
Por la adecuada configuración de los parámetros de reacción y por determinados aditivos, por ejemplo, de iones halógenos monovalentes y/o iones metálicos alcalinos, se puede adaptar óptimamente la distribución granulométrica de los luminóforos según el invento a los requerimientos de la aplicación correspondiente sin que deban llevarse a cabo procesos mecánicos de trituración perjudiciales. De este modo, se pueden ajustar todas las distribuciones granulométricas de banda ancha y banda corta con granulometrías d50 medias de unos 2 pm a 20 pm.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS
Otras ventajas del invento se explicarán, a continuación, por medio de ejemplos de realización y de figuras.
Las figuras 1 a 6 muestran espectros (intensidad I relativa dependiente de la longitud de onda) de diferentes fuentes luminosas de LEDs según el invento; y las figuras 7 a 10 muestran diferentes formas de realización de fuentes luminosas de LEDs según el invento.
MEJORES FORMAS DE REALIZACIÓN DEL INVENTO
La figura 1 muestra el espectro de emisiones de un LED blanco con una temperatura del color de 2700° K, que se ha formado por combinación de un LED azul, que emite en una primera región espectral con una longitud de onda de centro de gravedad de 464 nm, y un luminóforo según el invento de composición (Sri,4 Ca00 ,6SiO4 :Eu2+), que emite en una segunda región del espectro con un máximo de 596 nm.
Otros ejemplos para la combinación de un LED, que emite en 464 nm, con uno de los luminóforos de ortosilicatos según el invento, en cada caso, se han representado en las figuras 2 y 3. Si se utiliza para la conversión del color un luminóforo, que emite en amarillo, de composición Sr1,90Ba0,08Ca0,02SiO4 :Eu2+, se puede ajustar un color de luz blanco con una temperatura del color de 4100° K, mientras que utilizando el luminóforo Sri,84Ba0,i6SiO4 :Eu2+, se puede crear, por ejemplo, una fuente luminosa blanca con una temperatura del color de 6500° K.
Un espectro típico para la combinación de un LED de 464 nm con dos luminóforos de ortosilicato según el invento lo muestra la figura 4. Las sustancias luminiscentes empleadas presentan las composiciones Sri,4Ca0,6SiO4:Eu2+ y Sri,00Bai,00SiO4:Eu2+. Para el espectro concreto representado en la figura 4, se mantienen una temperatura del color de 5088° K y un índice Ra de calidad del color de 82. Evidentemente, se pueden realizar, en función de las relaciones de las cantidades seleccionadas de luminóforos, todas las temperaturas del color en la región entre 3500° K y 7500° K, consistiendo, sobre todo, la gran ventaja de este tipo de mezclas de dos luminóforos de ortosilicato alcalinotérreo según el invento en que se pueden alcanzar valores de Ra mayores de 80.
Se documenta esto, a modo de ejemplo, en la figura 5. El espectro representado responde a la combinación de un LED de 464 nm con una mezcla de los dos luminóforos Sri,6Ca0,4Si0,98Ga0,02O4 :Eu2+ y Sri,i0Ba0,90SiO4:Eu2+ y suministra una valor Ra de 82 con una temperatura del color de 5000° K.
Si se seleccionase como elemento emisor de radiación un LED ultravioleta no inventivo, que emite en una primera región espectral con un máximo de 370 a 390 nm, se pueden realizar entonces valores de Ra mayores 90 combinando un LED semejante con una mezcla de sustancias luminiscentes, que contenga los luminóforos según el invento de la figura 4 y, al mismo tiempo, una determinada proporción de una sustancia luminiscente, que emita en azul-verde, de aluminato de magnesio-bario activada con Eu, Mn. La figura 6 muestra el espectro de emisiones de una fuente luminosa blanca correspondiente, que presenta un Ra de 9i con una temperatura del color de 6500° K. Otros ejemplos más pueden deducirse de la siguiente exposición. Al mismo tiempo, se han dado, junto con la longitud de onda de las emisiones del LED inorgánico utilizado y la respectiva composición del luminóforo según el invento, las temperaturas del calor y valores de Ra resultantes, así como los lugares del color de las fuentes luminosas:
T = 2778 K (464 nm Sri,4Ca0,6SiO4:Eu2+); x = 0,46i9, y = 0,4247, Ra = 72
T = 2950 K (464 nm. Sri,4Ca0,6SiO4 :Eu2+); x =0,4380, y = 0,4004, Ra = 73
T = 3497 K (464 nm Sri,6Ba0,4SiO4 :Eu2+); x = 0,4086, y = 0,3996, Ra = 74
T = 4i83 K (464 nm Sri,9Ba0,0sCa0,02SiO4 :Eu2 ); x =0,3762, y = 0,3873, Ra = 75
T = 6624 K (464 nm+Sri,9Ba0,02Ca0,08SiO4:Eu2+); x = 0,3 i0 i, y = 0,3306, Ra = 76
T = 6385 K (464 nm+Sri,6Ca0,4SiO4:Eu2 Sr0,4Bai,6SiO4:Eu2 ); x = 0,3i35, y = 0,3397, Ra = 82
T = 42i6 K (464 nm+Sri,9Ba0,08Ca0,02SiO4:Eu2+);x = 0,37i0; y = 0,3696, Ra = 82
T = 3954 K (464 nm+Sri,6Ba0,4SiO4:Eu2++Sr0,4Bai,6SiO4:Eu2++YVO4:Eu3+); x = 0,3756, y = 0,38i6, Ra = 84 T = 6489 K(UV-LED+Sri,6Ca0,4SiO4:Eu2++Sr0,4Bai,6SiO4: Eu2+ aluminato de bario-magnesio:Eu2+); x = 0,3 ii5 , y = 0,3390, Ra = 86 (no según el invento)
T =5097K(464 nm+ Sri,6Ba0,4(Si0,98B0,02)O4:Eu2 Sr0,6Bai,4SiO4 :Eu2 );x= 0,3423, y = 0,3485, Ra = 82 T = 5084 K (UV-LED Sri,6Ca0,4(Si0,4(Si0,99B0,0i)O4:Eu2++)+Sr0,6Bai,4SiO4 :Eu2+ aluminato de estronciomagnesio:Eu2+); x = 0,3430, y = 0,353i, Ra = 83 (no según la invención)
T = 3369 K (464 nm Sri,4Ca0,6Si0,95Ge0,05O4: Eu2 ); x = 0,4i34, y = 0,3959, Ra = 74
T = 2787 K (466 nm Sri,4Ca0,6Si0,98P0,02O4.0i:Eu2 ); x = 0,4630, y = 0,4280, Ra = 72
T = 29i3 K (464 nm Sri,4Ca0,6Si0,9sAl0,02O4 :Eu2+); x = 0,4425, y = 0,4050, Ra = 73
T = 4201 K
En una variante preferida del invento, se lleva a cabo la conversión del color del siguiente modo:
Uno o varios chips 1 de LEDs (véase la figura 7) se ensamblan sobre una placa 2 de circuitos impresos. Directamente sobre los LEDs, se dispone (por un lado, para proteger los chips de los LEDs y, por otro, para poder desacoplar mejor la luz generada en el chip del LED) un medio 3 de encapsulado en forma de una semiesfera o de un semielipsoide. Este medio 3 de encapsulado puede comprender ya sea cada cubo individualmente o puede representar un molde común para todos los LEDs. La placa 2 de circuitos impresos equipada de tal modo se instala en un reflector 4 o bien se coloca éste boca abajo sobre los chips 1 de los LEDs.
Sobre el reflector 4, se coloca un disco 5 luminoso. Sirve éste, por un lado, para proteger la disposición y, por otro, se intercalan los luminóforos en este disco luminoso. La luz azul que pasa a través del disco 5 luminoso, se convierte proporcionalmente al pasar a través del luminóforo 6 en una segunda región espectral, de modo que resulta, en conjunto, una impresión de color blanca. Las pérdidas por efectos “waveguiding” (efectos de guía de ondas) tales como aparecen con placas paralelas planas, se reducen por las propiedades opacas, dispersoras del disco. El reflector 4 vela además por que sólo luz ya preparada aparezca sobre el disco 5 luminoso de modo que se reduzcan, desde el principio, los efectos de reflexión total.
También es posible apoyar el luminóforo 6 sobre el reflector 4, tal como se ha representado en la figura 8.
Alternativamente, se puede sobreponer un reflector 4 sobre cada chip 1 de LED (véase la figura 9) y rellenarlo en forma de cúpula (medio 3' de encapsulado) y disponerse un disco 5 luminoso sobre cada reflector 3' o bien sobre el conjunto de la disposición.
Para fabricar fuentes luminiscentes es apropiado utilizar disposiciones de LEDs en lugar de LEDs individuales. En una variante preferida del invento, se lleva a cabo la conversión del color en una disposición 1' de LEDs (véase la figura 10), en la que los chips 1 de los LEDs se ensamblan directamente en la placa 2 de circuitos impresos, de la siguiente forma:
Una disposición 1' de LEDs (véase la figura 10) se encola mediante una masa 3 de relleno (por ejemplo, epóxid) a una lente 7 de polímero transparente, que se compone de otro material (por ejemplo, polimetilmetacrilato). El material de la lente 7 de polímero y de la masa 3 de relleno se eligen de tal modo que presenten los índices de refracción más parecidos posibles - así, pues, que estén ajustados en fase. La masa 3 de relleno se encuentra en una cavidad máximamente esférica o elipsoidal de la lente 7 de polímero. La forma de la cavidad es de importancia en tanto que el material de conversión del color se encuentra disperso en la masa 3 de relleno y, por ello, se puede asegurar con la conformación que se generen colores de emisión independientes de los ángulos. Alternativamente a ello, la disposición puede rellenarse primero de una masa de relleno transparente e inmediatamente después ser encolada a la lente de polímero por medio de la masa de relleno, que contiene el material de conversión del color. Para fabricar LEDs blancos con calidad de color especialmente buena, en los que se han implantado al menos dos luminóforos diferentes, resulta ventajoso no dispersarlos conjuntamente en una matriz, sino dispersarlos o implantarlos separadamente. Esto vale especialmente para combinaciones, en las que el color de la luz definitivo se genera por un proceso de conversión del color de varias etapas. Es decir, que el color de emisión de mayor longitud de onda se genera por un proceso de emisiones, que discurre tal como sigue: Absorción de la emisión del LED por el primer luminóforo - emisión del primer luminóforo - absorciónde la emisión del primer luminóforo por el segundo luminóforo y emisión del segundo luminóforo. Es preferible, especialmente para un proceso de este tipo, disponer los distintos materiales uno tras otro en la dirección de propagación de la luz, ya que, con ello, se puede reducir la concentración de los materiales en comparación con una dispersión unitaria de los distintos materiales.
El presente invento no se limita a los ejemplos descritos. Los luminóforos podrían aplicarse también en la lente de polímero (o de otra óptica). También es posible disponer el luminóforo directamente sobre el cubo del LED o sobre la superficie de la masa de relleno transparente. También puede se puede aplicar el luminóforo conjuntamente con partículas dispersas en un matriz. Gracias a ello, se evita un hundimiento en la matriz y se garantiza una salida de luz regular.

Claims (11)

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Fuente luminosa para generar luz blanca, que comprende un diodo emisor de luz (LED) para emitir una radiación azul y al menos un luminóforo, que absorbe una porción de la radiación azul y/o ultravioleta y él mismo emite radiación en otra región espectral , caracterizado porque:
• el luminóforo es un ortosilicato alcalinotérreo activado con europio bivalente de uno de los siguientes compuestos o de una mezcla de dichos compuestos:
a) (2-x-y)SrOx(Bau,Cav)O (1 -a-b-c-d)SiO2 aP2O5 bA^O3 cB2O3 dGeO2:yEu2+,
aplicándose:
0<x<1,6 0,005<y<0,5 x+y<1,6
0<a,b,c,d<0,5 u v = 1
b) (2-x-y)BaOx(Sru,Cav)O (1-a-b-c-d)SiO2-aP2O5 bA^O3 cB2O3 dGeO2:yEu2+,
aplicándose:
0,01<x<1,5 0,005<y<0,5
0<a,b,c,d<0,5 u+v=1 xu>0,4
• el luminóforo emite radiación en la región espectral de color amarillo-verde, amarillo o naranja, cuya característica depende de los parámetros x, y, u, v. a, b, c y d;
por selección de los parámetros en las regiones mencionadas anteriormente, se pueden ajustar la temperatura del color y el índice de calidad del color de la luz blanca generada, en donde el tamaño medio de grano d50 de distribución volumétrica del luminóforo se encuentra entre 2 pm y 20 pm.
2. Fuente luminosa según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada por que al menos uno de los valores a, b, c y d es mayor que 0,01.
3. Fuente luminosa según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizada por que contiene un luminóforo adicional del grupo de aluminatos alcalinotérreos, activados utilizando europio bivalente y/o manganeso, y/o un segundo luminóforo adicional emisor de rojo del grupo Y(V,P,Si)O4 :Eu,Bi o disilicatos de magnesio alcalinotérreos:Eu2+,Mn2+ con la fórmula
Me(3-x-y)MgSi2O8:xEu, yMn,
aplicándose:
0,005<x<0,5 0,005<y<0,5
y Me=Ba y/o Sr y/o Ca.
4. Fuente luminosa según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizada por que se incorporan iones monovalentes, en especial, halógenos y/o metales alcalinos, a la red del luminóforo.
5. Fuente luminosa según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada por que se han dispuesto uno o varios chips (1) de LEDs en una placa (2) de circuitos impresos en el interior de un reflector (4) y el luminóforo (6) se ha dispersado en un disco (5) luminoso, que se ha colocado sobre el reflector (4).
6. Fuente luminosa según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada por que se han dispuesto uno o varios chips (1) de LEDs sobre una placa (2) de circuitos impresos dentro de un reflector (4) y el luminóforo (6) se ha aplicado sobre el reflector (4).
7. Fuente luminosa según una de la reivindicación 5 ó 6, caracterizada por que los chips (1) de los LEDs se han rellenado de una masa (3, 3') de relleno transparente, que posee una forma de cúpula.
8. Fuente luminosa según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada por que el luminóforo se ha dispersado en una masa (3) de relleno, que une una disposición (1') de chips (1) de LEDs en una placa (2) de circuitos impresos y una lente (7) de polímero cuanto más sea posible sin inclusiones gaseosas, presentando la lente (7) de polímero y la masa (3) de relleno índices de refracción, que se diferencien como máximo en 0,1.
9. Fuente luminosa según la reivindicación 8, caracterizada por que la lente (7) de polímero presenta una escotadura esférica o bien elipsoidal, que se ha rellenado con la masa (3) de relleno de modo que la disposición (1') de LEDs se fije a la menor distancia de la lente (7) de polímero.
10. Fuente luminosa según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, caracterizada por que el luminóforo se ha suspendido por gravedad en una matriz preferiblemente inorgánica.
11. Fuente luminosa según las reivindicaciones 3 y 10, caracterizada por que al menos dos luminóforos se han dispersado individualmente en matrices, que se han dispuesto una detrás de otra según la propagación de la luz.
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US6943380B2 (en) 2005-09-13
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US20050082574A1 (en) 2005-04-21
JPWO2002054503A1 (ja) 2004-05-13
CN1502137A (zh) 2004-06-02
EP2357678B1 (de) 2013-08-28
KR20030091951A (ko) 2003-12-03
EP1347517A4 (en) 2009-01-14
EP1352431B2 (de) 2019-08-07
CN1291503C (zh) 2006-12-20
EP2211392B1 (de) 2013-01-09
KR100867788B1 (ko) 2008-11-10
CN1941441B (zh) 2010-11-03
EP2006924A1 (de) 2008-12-24
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EP2006924B1 (de) 2014-01-22
CN1763982A (zh) 2006-04-26
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US20040051111A1 (en) 2004-03-18
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EP2544247B1 (de) 2014-06-25
CN1268009C (zh) 2006-08-02
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