TWI421438B - 照明裝置 - Google Patents

照明裝置 Download PDF

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TWI421438B
TWI421438B TW095147851A TW95147851A TWI421438B TW I421438 B TWI421438 B TW I421438B TW 095147851 A TW095147851 A TW 095147851A TW 95147851 A TW95147851 A TW 95147851A TW I421438 B TWI421438 B TW I421438B
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illuminating
solid state
light
outer casing
illuminating device
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TW095147851A
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TW200738060A (en
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尼格利 吉羅德H
保羅 范德溫 安東尼
亨特 尼爾
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克里公司
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/02Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/02Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
    • F21S8/026Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters intended to be recessed in a ceiling or like overhead structure, e.g. suspended ceiling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S9/00Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
    • F21S9/02Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S9/00Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
    • F21S9/02Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator
    • F21S9/03Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator rechargeable by exposure to light
    • F21S9/032Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator rechargeable by exposure to light the solar unit being separate from the lighting unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F21V3/10Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by coatings
    • F21V3/12Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by coatings the coatings comprising photoluminescent substances
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/30Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved
    • F21Y2103/33Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved annular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)

Description

照明裝置 【相關申請案之交互參照】
本案主張第60/752,753號之美國臨時專利申請案,其申請於2005年12月21日,其整體在此合併作為參考。
本案係相關於一種照明裝置,特別是,一種裝置其包含一或多個固態發光體(light emitters)。本發明亦相關於一種照明裝置,其包括一或多個固態發光體,並且其更選擇性的包括一種或多種發光材料(亦即,一種或多種磷光體)。在一特定層面中,本案相關於一種照明裝置,其包括一種或多種光發射二極體,並且選擇性的更包括一種或多種發光材料。
在美國所產生的電能中佔一大部份(有時估計約佔三分之一)係用於照明。因此,提供更節省電能的照明是持續被需要的。眾所皆知的是,白熾燈泡係一種非常不節省電能的光源,白熾燈泡所消耗的電能約百分之九十係散發為熱量而非亮度。螢光燈泡跟白熾燈泡比較起來,更具有效率(約為4倍),但是相較於例如是發光二極體之固態發光體,仍然是非常不具有效率的。
另外,與固態發光二極體相較之下,白熾燈泡具有相對為短的生命週期,亦即一般的白熾燈泡約為750小時到1000小時。比較之下,發光二極體的生命週期例如,通常可以用幾十年來計算。螢光燈泡相較於白熾燈泡具有較長的生命週期(例如,10000小時到20000小時),但是螢光燈泡不能提供較好的色彩重現。色彩重現通常是利用演色性指數(Color Rendering Index)作為測量,其係當一個物體由特定燈光所照亮時,表面顏色之位移的相對測量。日光具有最高的演色性指數(為100的值),而白熾燈泡的演色性指數也相近於日光(約為95),但螢光燈具有較少的準確值(約為70-85),特定光照的特定型態具有相對低的演色性指數(例如,水銀蒸氣或是鈉),兩者皆具有低至40或是比40更低的值。
另一個由傳統光設備所面臨到的課題是,需要週期性的替換該照明設備(例如燈泡等等)。此種課題在拿取非常不便的地方(例如,拱狀天花板,橋樑,高大的建築物,交通隧道)顯得益發困難,在該些地方替換燈泡的花費非常的高昂。傳統設備的一般壽命在約為二十年,對應於照明裝置的使用時間則至少約為44,000個小時(根據二十年中的每一天使用六小時來算),照明裝置的壽命通常與之比起來是短得多,因此產生了周期性替換的需求。
因此,對於以上以及其他的原因,可將固態發光體使用為替代白熾燈泡的方法被不間斷的努力發展,螢光燈以及其他的光產生設備係用於許多不同的應用中。另外,當發光二極體(或是其他固態發光體)已經被不停的應用,提供改良的發光二極體之應用正不間斷的發展,該些改良的項目亦即針對於能源的效率,演色性指數(CRI),功率(單位為Im/W),以及/或是服務壽命。
不同的固態發光體對於世人而言非常熟悉,例如一種型態的固態發光體係發光二極體。發光二極體眾所週知係一種將電流轉換為光的半導體設備。發光二極體的許多不同種類係基於永遠不斷擴大的用途中使用於不同的領域。
更特別的是,發光二極體係當電位差施加於p-n接面的結構之間而發光的半導體設備(發出紫外線,可見光或是紅外線)。市面上具有製造發光二極體的許多熟知方法,也有許多相關的結構,本發明可以使用任何一種市面上的設備。例如,由Sze所發表的1981年第二版的半導體設備物理(Physics of Semiconductor Devices)第12章至第14章,以及Sze所發表的1998年版現代半導體設備物理(Modern Semiconductor Device Physics)第7章,皆敘述不同的光子設備,包含發光二極體。
在此使用的「發光二極體」的表示語係參照基本半導體二極體結構(亦即,晶片),一般所認知的,並且可以在電子商店中買得到、所販售者通常為由許多部件所組成的「封裝後」的設備,該些封裝後設備通常包含以半導體為基礎的發光二極體,例如在美國專利第4918487號、第5631190號以及第5912477號中所敘述者;許多接線連接,以及密封該發光二極體之封裝。
如同為人所熟知的,一發光二極體係由激發在半導體主動(發光)層的導電帶與價電帶之間的電子而產生光,電子轉換所產生的光波常依據帶差而定。因此,由發光二極體發出的光的色彩(波長)依據發光二極體的主動層的半導體材料而定。
雖然發光二極體的發展在照明工業上具有許多革命性的發展,但是發光二極體的一些特徵已經面臨到挑戰,而其他的某特徵則無。例如,任何特定發光二極體的發光光譜一般集中在單一波長附近(由發光二極體的成分與結構而指定),該波長對於某些應用而言是所欲求的,但對於其他的應用卻是不適合的(例如提供照明而言,此種發光光譜提供非常低的演色性指數)。
因為所感知到為白色的光係基本上由二種或是更多種的色彩所混合,沒有單一的發光二極體可以產生白色光。其他的「白色」發光二極體產生包含(1)產生藍色光的發光二極體以及(2)發出黃色光的發光材料(例如,磷光體)以對應由發光二極體所發出的光,藉以當藍色光與黃色光混合時,產生被感知為白色光的光。
另外,混合主要色彩以產生非主要色彩的組合通常在此技術中以及其他技術中為人所熟知並且了解的,一般而言,1931年國際照明委員會色度圖(CIE chromaticity diagram,建立於1931年對於主要色彩之國際性標準),以及1976年國際照明委員會色度圖(類似於1931的圖解,但是經過修改使得在圖解上的類似距離表示類似的色彩差異),提供對於定義色彩為主要色彩的加權總合之實用參考。
發光二極體可以因此而使用於獨立的使用或是以任何的組合使用,可以選擇性的與一種或兩種發光材料(例如,磷光體或是閃爍物質)以及/或是濾光器,以產生任何所欲求的感知光(包含白光),因此,欲將發光二極體光源替代既有光源的努力領域,例如改進能量效率,演色性指數,效率(I m/W)以及/或是服務的年限,並不受限於任何特定的色彩或是光的混合色彩。
相關領域習知技術者對於不同種類的發光材料(亦稱發光螢光粉(lumiphors或是luminophoric)媒介,例如在美國專利第6,600,175號所揭示者,該案整體在此合併作為參考)係熟知且可輕易獲得的。舉例而言,磷光體可以是發光材料,其當由激發輻射源所激發時,放出反應性輻射(例如,可見光)。在許多例子中可知,反射性輻射具有不同於激發性輻射的波長。發光材料的其他範例包含閃爍物質,日間發光條以及依照紫外線索放射的可見光譜所發光的墨水。
發光材料可以分類為往下轉換,以及將光子轉換成較高的能階(較短的波長)。
將發光材料包含於LED元件中可以藉由例如混合或是塗覆的過程而將發光材料增加至一透明密封材料(例如,環氧基或是矽基的材料)而達成。
舉例而言,美國專利第6,963,166號(以下簡稱為Yano ‘166號)揭示傳統的發光二極體燈具包含發光二極體晶片,子彈型透明外殼以覆蓋發光二極體晶片,供應電流至該發光二極體晶片的導線,以及將發光二極體的發光以均勻的方向反射的杯狀反射器,其皆進一步以第二樹脂部份密封。根據Yano ‘166號,該第一樹脂部份係以樹脂材料填充杯狀反射器並且將其固定,在發光二極體經瑱已經裝設在杯狀設器的底部上之後,並且其陽極以及陰極電極係以電線方式電連接至導線。根據Yano ‘166號,磷光體係散發至第一樹脂部份,以被A光所激發,A光係從該發光二極體晶片處發射,該所激發的磷光體產生螢光(即B光),B光的波長係長於A光,A光的部份係經由第一樹脂部份(包含磷光體)傳送,最終結果A光與B光混合成C光,作為照明。
如同以上所述,「白色LED光」(亦即,感知成白色的或是接近白色的光)經過調查為白熾燈泡的潛在替代方案。白光LED燈具的代表性範例係包括藍色發光二極體晶片,其由氮化鎵所製成,其塗覆例如YAG的磷光體。在此種LED燈具中,藍色發光二極體晶片產生產生具有波長約450nm的放射光,磷光體產生黃色的螢光,其峰值約為550nm的波長。例如,在某些設計中,白色發光二極體係藉由形成陶瓷磷光體層於藍色發光半導體發光二極體的外部表面而製造。由發光二極體晶片所發射的藍色光之部份係通過磷光體,由發光二極體晶片所發射的藍色光之白色部分係由磷光體所吸收,其變成激發態並且放出黃光。由發光二極體發出的藍色光之部份經由該磷光體所傳送者係由磷光體所放出的黃光所混合,觀看者將藍色光與黃色光之混合感知為白色光。
如同以上所述,在另一個LED燈具的形式中,發出紫外線的發光二極體晶片係由磷光材料所組合,其產生紅色(R)光,綠色(G)光以及藍色(B)光。在此種LED燈具中,從該發光二極體晶片中放出的紫外線係激發磷光體,造成磷光體發出紅色、綠色及藍色光,該些光線經混合時,將由人類眼睛感知為白色光。因此,白色光也可以從混合該些光線而得到。
既有的LED組件包裝所提供的設計係與其他電子組件組裝為固定裝置。在此種設計中,鋒裝的LED係裝設在電路板上,該電路板係裝設至散熱器,並且該散熱器係與其他所需的驅動電子元件一起裝設至該固定外殼,在許多例子中,額外的光學組件(次於封裝部份)亦是必須的。
將發光二極體替代為其他光源,亦即白熾燈泡,封裝的LED已經使用為傳統的照明固定裝置。該固定裝置包含例如包含空心鏡頭,以及附加至鏡頭的基板,該基板具有傳統的插槽外殼,其具有一或多個電連接至電源的接點。例如,LED燈泡已經組構成包含電子電路板,裝設至該電路板的多個封裝LED,以及附接至電路板並且適於連接至該照明裝置插槽外殼的連接柱,如此該多個LED可以由該電源所照射。
使用固態發光體的方式在各種不同的應用上具有不間斷的需求,例如發光二極體,具有更大的能量效率,改良的演色性指數,改良的對比,改良的功效(Im/W),以及/或是對於所有可能的光色彩具有更久的服務時間,包括白光(包含感知為白色的光)。
本發明在一層面上係針對發光裝置,其在晶片/晶粒層利用固態發光體(發光二極體,雷射二極體,薄膜電致裝置等等),其可附加至該裝置的外殼,該裝置的外殼較佳係提供該裝置的熱能以及光學解決方案。此種設計減少熱的介面(以減少光源的溫度(例如發光二極體))並且減少當發光二極體或是光源在系統內「往上設計」的建構方式所造成的花費,以將花費減少並且將效能最佳化。在一較佳的層面中,其整體涉及:a)直接裝設於照明設備的發光二極體晶片,具有整合至該設備之所需的光學元件以及所需的驅動電子元件,其中該設備提供熱能與光學解決方案,因此而減少許多使用於傳統設計中次組件的複雜度。
在一特定層面,發光元件係可產生感知為「白色」的光。
根據第一固態發光體,提供一種發光元件,其包含,或是基本上由以下所組成:外殼,至少一個固態發光體,以及導電軌跡。導電軌跡可和至少一個電源供應器耦接。導電軌跡係至放於該外殼的至少第一正向導電軌跡,以及至少第一負向導電軌跡。該固態發光體每者係與至少一個正向導電軌跡呈現電接觸,並且與至少一個負向導電軌跡呈現電接觸。
表示語氣「在...上」(on),例如前述段落中使用在表達語氣「置放於...其上」(positioned on),或是表達語氣「裝設於...其上」(mounted on),「形成於...。其上」(formed on),「印刷於...其上」(printed on),或是「在一電路板上形成軌跡」(trace on a circuit board),意指該第一結構係位於第二結構之「上」(on),其可接觸於第二結構,或是可以藉由插入結構與第二結構分開。
在此所使用的「導電軌跡」係參照為包含一導電部份的結構,並且可以進一步包含任何其他的結構,例如一或多個絕緣層。例如,裝設於一外殼上的導電軌跡可以包含絕緣曾與導電層,特別是當外殼係足以導電之處(其中該導電軌跡係裝設於該外殼上,其中導電軌跡之絕緣層與該外殼接觸,並且導電軌跡的導電層並不與外殼接觸,並且一或多個發光二極體晶片係與導電軌跡之導電層呈現電連接,使得發光二極體晶片可以用電力充電並且照亮)。
在本發明之一個特定層面中,照明裝置包含多個固態發光體。在另一個特定層面,該一或多個固態發光體係發光二極體。
在本發明之另一個層面,照明裝置進一步包含至少第一發光材料,例如第一磷光體。
在第二個層面,本發明提供照明裝置,其包含一設備,該設備包含導電元件,其與至少一個電源供應器呈現可耦合狀態,並且至少一個固態發光體。該固態發光體係裝設於該設備上。照明裝置提供在50000個小時照明之後,光強度係至少其原始強度的一半。
本發明可以藉由參照所附圖式以及本發明之下述詳細說明而獲得完整的了解。
如同以上所敘述者,本發明在某一層面上係針對照明裝置,其包括一外殼,至少一固態發光體,以及導電軌跡以用於供應電力至該固態發光體。本發明亦針對照明裝置,其包括一外殼,至少一固態發光體,至少一種發光材料,以及導電軌跡以用於供應電力至該固態發光體。
導電軌跡可以用任何方式置放。舉例而言,導電軌跡如果希望的話可以置放於該外殼的至少第一部份上,並且包含至少包含至少第一正向導電軌跡,以及至少第一負向導電軌跡。
每一個固態發光體可以用任何方式裝設,舉例而言,固態發光體如果希望的話可以置放於該外殼上,並且與至少一正向導電軌跡,以及至少一負向導電軌跡呈現電接觸。
較佳的是,該外殼的一或多個表面係具有反射性的,使得從發光二極體發出的所有光或是部分光係由此反射性表面而反射。
該外殼可以用任何材料而形成,其可以用模製以及/或是塑形。較佳的是,該外殼係由可有效散熱的材料形成(亦即,其具有高導熱性以及/高熱容量),並且/以及具有反射性(或是其可用反射性材料塗覆)。
該外殼可以是任何欲求的材料,該外殼形狀的代表性範例係包含空心圓錐狀(或是實質上圓椎狀),空心圓柱狀(或是實質上圓柱狀),以及空心半橢圓狀(或是實質上半橢圓狀),或是包含一或多個部分之任何形狀,該些部分係獨立的從以下形狀所選出者:空心圓椎狀(或是實質上圓椎狀),空心frustoconical狀(或是實質上frustoconical狀),空心圓柱狀(或是實質上圓柱狀),以及空心半橢圓狀(或是實質上半橢圓狀),在本發明之某一層面中,該外殼包含至少第一凹形表面,該固態發光體之至少一者係裝設在該第一凹形表面上。該外殼可以選擇性的包含多個凹形表面,並且一或多個發光二極體可以裝設在此種表面之任何一者或是所有此種表面上。
在此所使用的詞「實質上」,例如表達語詞「實質上圓椎狀」,「實質上frustoconial狀」,「實質上圓柱狀」,以及「實質上半橢圓狀」,意指至少約95%符合所敘述的特徵,例如「實質上半橢圓狀」意指半橢圓形可以利用公式x2 /a2 +y2 /b2 =1而描繪出,其中y≧0,而虛軸可以在一位置上而描繪出,其中在結構上的每一點的Y座標係此點的X座標插入至此方程式所得的值的0.95倍至1.05倍之間,等等。
任何所欲求的固態發光體可以根據本發明而使用。習知技術者可以了解的是,可以利用許多不同種類的發光體。此種固態發光體包含無機以及有機的發光體。此種發光體的種類的範例包含發光二極體(無機發光二極體或是有機發光二極體),雷射二極體以及薄膜電場照明裝置,上述種種每一者皆屬相關技術中為人所熟知者。
在本發明的一個層面中,提供一種裝置,其包含至少第一與第二固態發光體,其中該第一固態發光體發出第一波長的光,而第二固態發光體發出第二波長的光,第一波長不同於第一波長。在此種裝置中,該固態發光體可以發出任何在紅外線的範圍內,可見光與紫外線的範圍內所欲求的波長的光(或是所欲求的波長範圍),例如:(1)二種或是多種發光二極體發出在可見光譜中不同波長範圍之間的光,(2)二種或是多種發光二極體發出在紅外線光譜中不同波長範圍之間的光,(3)二種或是多種發光二極體發出在紫外線光譜中不同波長範圍之間的光,(4)一種或多種發光二極體發出在可見光譜中的光,且一種或多種發光二極體發出在在紅外線光譜中的光,(5)一種或多種發光二極體發出在可見光譜中的光,且一種或多種發光二極體發出在紫外線光譜中的光,等等。
如同以上所述者,本技術領域中熟習技術者對於許多種不同固態發光體應可熟悉應用,包括不同種類的發光二極體,不同種類的雷射二極體以及不同種類的薄膜電場照明裝置,並且因此並不需要詳細描述此種設備,以及/或是描述製成此種設備的材料。
如同以上所特別指出者,根據本發明之照明裝置可以包含任何數量的固態發射器。例如,根據本發明之照明裝置可以包含50個或是更多的發光二極體,或是可以包含100個或是更多的發光二極體等等。一般而言,目前現有的發光二極體,可以藉由使用多數的相較下為小的發光二極體而達成絕佳的效能(例如,100個發光二極體每一者具有0.1平方釐米之表面面積,相對於25個發光二極體每一者具有0.4平方釐米之表面面積,但其他都相同)。
類似的是,操作於較低電流密度的發光二極體提供絕佳的效率。根據本發明,發光二極體汲取可以使用的特定電流。在本發明之某些實施例中,使用每一者汲取不多於50毫安培之發光二極體。
另一方面,目前的「功率晶片」一樣可以提供絕佳的效能。因此,本發明之某些實施例係包括30發光二極體的照明裝置或是更少(在某些情況中,使用20個發光二極體或是更少),該發光二極體每一者操作於300毫安培或是更多。
本技術領域具有通常知識者應可熟悉將照明裝置附加至外殼的各種不同方法,並且此種方法可以根據本發明而實施。
導電軌跡可以是任何能夠導電的結構。本技術領域具有通常知識者可以熟悉也可以容易的以許多不同的形式提供多種不同的導電軌跡。舉例而言,導電軌跡可以是金屬化軌跡形成於、塗覆於或是印刷於該外殼上,或是可以是沿著外殼表面置放的導線或是引線框。
固態發光體可以用任何適合的圖樣接線,較佳的是多個固態發光體係以網狀圖樣佈線(參見第13圖,其以概要圖解顯示多個以線安置的固態發光體71,而導電元件72與固態發光體以特定佈線相連接,而一或多個交互連接導電元件73係延伸於該兩線之間),另一個可以使用之佈線圖樣的範例係串接平行,使得固態發光體之一只會影響與失效固態發光體成串聯的固態發光體。在此所使用的表達語氣「串聯平行」,意指以平行方式排置的電氣路徑,每一電氣路徑包含一或多個固態發光體。
在本發明的某一層面中,導電軌跡(以及固態發光體)係可耦接的,亦即可以電氣的連接(永久的或是選擇性的)至一或多個電源供應器,例如連接至一或多個電池以及/或是連接至電氣服務。舉例而言,電路可以用以下方式提供:(1)電氣係在正常狀況下經由電氣服務(例如連接至柵極)正常供應至照明裝置,(2)若是電氣服務中斷(例如在電源短缺的情況下),一或多個開關可以關閉而電源可以供應至某些固態發光體(例如,至少約為5%或是至少20%)或是全部的固態發光體。其中若是須要的話,較佳的是提供可偵測電氣服務何時被中斷的裝置,並且自動的將電池電源轉換至至少某些固態發光體上。
在此所敘述的在一裝置中兩個元件係「電氣的連接」,意指在此兩個元件之間沒有電氣元件,其係以材質方式影響該功能,或是該功能由裝置所提供,舉例而言,兩個元件可以參照為電氣性的連接,雖然其之間具有小型的電阻,但並不以材質的方式影響由該裝置所提供的功能(連接兩元件的線可以想成是小型電阻);類似者,兩元件可以參照為電氣連接,雖然其之間具有額外的電氣元件允許該裝置執行額外的功能,但不是以材質方式影響該功能或是該功能由一裝置提供,該功能係相同但不包含額外的組件;類似者,兩個組件其可直接的彼此連接,或是其係直接的連接至一電路板或是另一個以電氣連接的媒體上的軌跡或是接線的相對端上。
在本發明的另一個層面,固態發光體可以選擇性的連接(永久性的或是選擇性的)至一或是多個光電能量收集設備(亦即包含一或是多個光伏特電池的裝置,其將太陽能量轉換成電能),使得該能量可以從光電能量收集裝置供應至固態發光體。
本技術領域具有通常知識者應已熟悉電連接至電源供應器的導電軌跡之不同方式,並且任何此種方式可以根據本發明來使用。
現有的一或多種發光材料可以世人何所欲求的發光材料。如同以上所述者,本技術領域具有通常知識者應熟悉並且可以容易地取得多種不同的發光材料。一種或是多種的發光材料可以是往下轉換或是往上轉換,或是可以包含往下轉換或是往上轉換這兩種形式。
舉例而言,該一或多種發光材料可以從磷光體,閃爍物質,日照發光條,在紫外線照射下發出可見光譜的墨水,等等。
當提供該一或多種發光材料時,可以用任何所欲求的形式提供。舉例而言,在某一層面中,根據本發明之照明裝置可以包含至少一種包含第一發光材料之發光元件,該發光元件係附加至該外殼,該發光元件以及外殼定義一內部空間,固態發光體之至少一者係置放於該內部空間中。
如果希望的話發光元件可以包含內嵌發光材料的材料。舉例而言,本技術領域具有通常知識者係非常熟悉發光元件,其包含例如磷光體,內嵌於樹脂(亦即聚合物基質),例如像是矽樹脂材料以及環氧化物材料之發光材料。
在本發明之一較佳層面中,照明裝置包含至少一種發光元件,其包含至少一種第一發光元件區域以及一種第二發光元件區域,該第一發光元件區域包含一種第一發光材料,該第二發光元件區域包含一種第二發光材料,該第一發光材料必須仰賴第一波長(或是波長範圍)發光而激發,第二發光材料必須仰賴第二波長(或是波長範圍)發光而激發,該第二波長(或是波長範圍)係不同於第一波長(或是波長範圍)。
根據本發明之另一個較佳層面中,照明裝置可以包括多種發光元件,發光元件每一者係包括至少一種發光材料,發光元件每一者係附加至該外殼以定義一內部空間,至少一種固態發光體係置放於每一個內部空間之內。
在本發明之實施例中,多個固態發光體係裝設在一外殼上,由該固態發光體所產生的熱負載係分布到該外殼表面。照明裝置分散到該外殼表面面積的密度越均勻,熱負載就可越均勻的分佈在該外殼表面。結果是,該外殼可以提供更有效率的熱消散,並且若是欲求的話該外殼可以製作的比外殼更小。另外,藉由具有多個照明裝置(相對於單一光源),光源可以較不被陰影效應所影響-亦即,如果一物體較小於發光的區域之前方置放的區域,只有一部份的光線會被遮擋。因為光源係遵循惠更斯原理(Huygens principle,亦即指每一光源係作用為球面波前),陰影將不會被觀看到,並且僅有被照射源的輕微黯淡現象會被觀看到(相對於若是使用單一燈絲,則光會明顯的黯淡而會觀看到一陰影)。
本技術領域具有通常知識者應熟悉許多將發光元件附加至外殼的不同方法,並且該些方法之任一種都可以根據本發明而使用。
根據本發明之裝置可以進一步的包含一或是更多種長時間使用壽命的裝置(例如具有極長使用壽命的風扇)。此種長時間的冷卻裝置可以包括壓電材料或是磁阻材料(例如,MR,GMR,以及/或是HMR材料),其作用如「中國風扇」般將空氣移出。根據本發明之冷卻裝置,一般而言僅需要突破邊界層的足夠空氣以讓溫度下降10至15度C。因此,在此種情況中,一般而言並不需要強烈「微風」或是大量的流體流量率(大量CFM)(因此而避免了傳統風扇的需求)。
根據本發明之裝置可以進一步包含輔助性光學元件以進一步改變發射光的投影本質。此種輔助性光學元件對於本技術領域具有通常知識者而言是為人所熟知的,並且因此不需要在此詳細的描述-如果需要的話,可以使用任何一種輔助性光學元件。
根據本發明之裝置可以進一步包含感測器或是充電裝置或是攝影機等等。舉例而言,本技術領域具有通常知識者應很熟悉且可以輕易取得的可偵測一個或是多個事件的裝置(例如,移動偵測器,其偵測物體或是人類的移動),並且為回應此種偵測的裝置,如光的追蹤器照明,保全攝影機的致動等等。作為代表性範例,根據本發明之裝置可以包含根據本發明的照明裝置以及移動感測器,並且組構以使得(1)當光照明時,如果移動感測器偵測到移動動作,保全照相機即被致動,以記錄被偵測動作的地點或其附近的視覺資料,或是(2)如果該移動感測器偵測到移動,照射的光係照亮被偵測動作地點附近的區域,而保全攝影機即被致動以記錄被偵測動作的地點或其附近的視覺資料,等等。
第一圖係根據本發明之第一實施例的照明裝置10。參照第一圖,該第一實施例包含一外殼11,多個裝設於外殼11上的發光二極體12,以及實質上呈現圓形的發光元件13,其附加至該外殼11。外殼11以及發光元件13一起定義了一內部空間,發光二極體12每一者皆置放於該內部空間中。外殼11具有一空心且實質上呈現半橢圓之形狀。外殼11面對該內部空間之的表面上塗覆有反射性表面,印刷在該表面上的導電軌跡亦塗覆有反射性塗層。發光元件13包含固化聚合物樹脂,其內裝載有磷光粉末。照明裝置10進一步包含電源線,其包括負向電源線15,其電氣連接至該負向電源軌跡,而一正向電源線16係電氣連接至正向電源軌跡,該電源線係可連接至電源供應器,使得該導電軌跡係與一電源供應器呈現可耦接狀態。發光二極體12之每一者係與至少一正向導電軌跡以及至少一負向導電軌跡呈現電氣接觸,因此電源可以提供至該發光二極體12以照明。第一圖概要的說明一電源供應器17,其附接至負向電源線15以及正向電源線16。
第二圖係顯示於第一圖之實施例的剖面圖,其沿著第一圖之線2-2做剖面。
第三圖係顯示於第一圖之實施例的剖面圖,其沿著第一圖之線3-3做剖面。第三圖顯示包含單一發光材料的情形下之發光元件13。
第四圖係對應於描述在第三圖之視圖中的剖面圖,其將發光元件13修改為包含單一發光材料,發光元件13具有多個區域,該區域每一者之發光材料係當由發光二極體12所照射時,發出藍色光,綠色光或是黃色光。在第四圖中描述的區域係標記為每一區域中發光材料的形式,其中在區域內標示為「B」意指該區域包含發光材料,其當由發光二極體12所照射時,將會發出藍色光,標示為「G」的區域意指包含發光材料,其當由發光二極體12所照射時,將會發出綠色光,而標記為「Y」的區域意指該區域包含發光材料,其當由發光二極體12所照射時,將會發射黃色光。
第五圖係根據本發明之照明裝置50之第二實施例的剖面圖,該第二實施例包含外殼51,其具有第一環狀凸緣部份57,徑向的朝著外殼51之中心軸58往內延伸,並具有第二環狀凸緣部份59,徑向的朝著外殼51之中心軸58往外延伸。多個發光二極體52係裝設於第一環狀凸緣部份57之上。發光元件53係附加至外殼51,以及附加至第一環狀凸緣部份57之內部邊緣60。該外殼51,該第一環狀凸緣部份57以及該發光元件53一起定義出一超環面之內部空間,在其內置放每一個發光二極體52。該外殼51具有空心且實質上為半橢圓的形狀,外殼51面對內部空間之表面上塗覆有反射性表面。若是需要的話,對於本技術領域具有通常知識者而言熟悉的任何適當的覆蓋,都可以置放於第一環狀凸緣部份57之內部邊緣60所定義的開口之上。
第六圖係顯示於第五圖之實施例的剖面圖,其沿著在第五圖之線6-6作剖面。第六圖顯示該第一環狀凸緣部份57,其上裝設有發光二極體52。第六圖也顯示印刷於第一環狀凸緣部份57上的導電軌跡54,以提供至發光二極體52之電源。
再一次參考第五圖,照明裝置50係以形成在頂板61內的圓形孔的方式裝設(例如,以壁板或是其他任何適當的材料),也就是說該第二環狀凸緣部份59與頂板61相接觸。發光元件53包含其中裝載有磷光體粉末的固化聚合物樹脂。參考第六圖,照明裝置50進一步包含電源線,其包括負向電源線55,其電氣連接至該負向電源軌跡,而一正向電源線56係電氣連接至正向電源軌跡,該電源線係可連接至電源供應器,使得該導電軌跡係與一電源供應器呈現可耦接狀態。發光二極體52之每一者係與該正向導電軌跡以及負向導電軌跡呈現電氣接觸,因此電源可以提供至該發光二極體52以照明。
如同以上所述者,該外殼可以是任何所欲求的形狀以及大小。第七圖至第十二圖描述不同形狀、不同種類的外殼。第七圖係第一空心半橢圓形外殼之剖面圖。第八圖係第二空心半橢圓形外殼之剖面圖。第九圖係空心圓錐形外殼之剖面圖。第十圖係第一空心圓柱形外殼之剖面圖。第十一圖係第二空心圓柱形外殼之剖面圖。第十二圖係具有多個空心圓錐部份的剖面圖。
在此所敘述的照明裝置之任何二個或是更多結構性部件可以整合。在此所敘述的該照明裝置之任何結構性部件可以以二個或是更多的部件提供(若是需要的話可以將其支撐在一起)。
10...照明裝置
11...外殼
12...發光二極體
13...發光元件
15...負向電源線
16...正向電源線
17...電源供應器
50...照明裝置
51...外殼
54...導電軌跡
55...負向電源線
56...正向電源線
57...第一環狀凸緣部份
58...中心軸
59...第二環狀凸緣部份
60...內部邊緣
61...頂板
第一圖係根據本發明之照明裝置的第一實施例,其為剖面圖。
第二圖顯示於第一圖中之實施例的部分概要剖面圖,其取自第一圖的線2-2的剖面。
第三圖係顯示於第一圖中之實施例的部分概要剖面圖,其取自第一圖的線3-3的剖面。
第四圖係一剖面圖,其對應至第三圖所敘述的圖式,其係經過修改。
第五圖係根據本發明的照明裝置的第二實施例之剖面圖。
第六圖係顯示於第五圖之實施例的剖面圖,其沿著第五圖之線6-6而做剖面。
第七圖至第十二圖描述許多種不同形狀的外殼之剖面圖。
第十三圖係顯示多種固態發光體之概要電子電路圖,其發光體係以網目圖樣所佈線。
11...外殼
12...發光二極體
13...發光元件
15...負向電源線
17...電源供應器

Claims (55)

  1. 一種照明裝置,其包含:一外殼;至少一第一固態發光體;以及導電軌跡,其與至少一個電源供應器係屬可耦接者,該導電軌跡在該外殼的至少一個表面的至少第一部份上,該導電軌跡包含至少第一正向導電軌跡以及至少第一負向導電軌跡,該第一固態發光體係與該第一正向導電軌跡的至少一者呈現電氣接觸,該第一固態發光體係與該第一負向導電軌跡的至少一者呈現電氣接觸。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含多個固態發光體,該固態發光體之每一者係與至少一個正向導電軌跡以及至少一個負向導電軌跡呈接觸。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之照明裝置,其中該固態發光體的每一者係發光二極體。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之照明裝置,其中該多個固態發光體係以網目圖樣彼此接線,該網目圖樣包含至少一個跨接點。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之照明裝置,其中該多個固態發光體係以串聯平行方式彼此接線。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之照明裝置,進一步包含 至少一個電池以及電子電路,該電子電路係選擇性的將該電池電連接至該固態發光體的至少一部份。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之照明裝置,其中該電子電路係選擇性的將該電池電連接至該固態發光體的至少百分之五的部份。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之照明裝置,其中該電子電路係選擇性的將該電池電連接至該固態發光體的至少百分之二十的部份。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之照明裝置,其中該電子電路係選擇性的將該電池電連接至所有的該固態發光體。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之照明裝置,其中在電源短缺的期間,該電子電路係自動的將該電池電連接至該固態發光體之至少某些部份。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該固態發光體係一發光二極體。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該外殼包含至少第一凹面表面,至少該第一凹面表面之一部份係反射性,該固態發光體被裝設在該第一凹面表面上。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項,其中該第一凹面表面係實質上為空心圓錐形。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之照明裝置,其中該第一凹面表面係實質上為空心半橢圓形。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之照明裝置,其中該第一凹面表面係實質上為空心圓柱形。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之照明裝置,其中該外殼包含多個凹面表面,該凹面表面每一者的至少一部份屬反射性質,該凹面表面每一者係裝設於該固態發光體的至少一者之上。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含至少第一發光二極體,其發出在第一波長範圍內之光,並且該照明裝置包含至少第二發光二極體,其發出在第二波長範圍內之光,在該第二波長範圍內的所有值不同於該第一波長範圍內的所有值。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第17項所述之照明裝置,其中該第一波長範圍係位於該可見光波長的範圍內,而該第二波長範圍係位於紫外線波長的範圍內。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含至少50個發光二極體。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之照明裝置,其中該發光二極體每一者係汲取不超過50毫安培的電流。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含不超過30個發光二極體。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之照明裝置,其中該發光二極體每一者係汲取至少300毫安培的電流。
  23. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含不超過20個發光二極體。
  24. 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之照明裝置,其中該發光二極體之每一者係汲取至少300毫安培的電流。
  25. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含至少100個發光二極體。
  26. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之照明裝置,其中該發光二極體每一者汲取不超過50毫安培的電流。
  27. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一個電池以及將該電池連接至該導電軌跡之電路。
  28. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之照明裝置,其中將該電池連接至該導電軌跡之該電路係選擇性的將該電池連接至該導電軌跡。
  29. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之照明裝置,其中將該電池連接至該導電軌跡之該電路係將該電池連接至該導電軌跡。
  30. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之照明裝置,其中該電池係電連接至至少一個光伏特能量收集裝置。
  31. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一個光伏特能量收集裝置,以及將該光伏特能量收集裝置連接至該導電軌跡的電路。
  32. 如申請專利範圍第31項所述之照明裝置,其中將該光伏特能量收集裝置連接至該導電軌跡的電路係選擇性的將該光伏特能量收集裝置電氣連接至該導電軌跡。
  33. 如申請專利範圍第31項所述之照明裝置,其中將該光伏特能量收集裝置連接至該導電軌跡的電路係將該光伏特能量收集裝置電氣連接至該導電軌跡。
  34. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一種第一發光材料。
  35. 如申請專利範圍第34項所述之照明裝置,其中該第一發光材料包含至少一種第一磷光體。
  36. 如申請專利範圍第34項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含至少一種發光元件,其包含該第一發光材料,該發光元件係附加至該外殼,該發光元件以及該外殼定義一內部空間,該固態發光體在該內部空間之內。
  37. 如申請專利範圍第36項所述之照明裝置,其中該發光元件內嵌有該第一發光材料。
  38. 如申請專利範圍第34項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含至少一發光元件,其包含至少一個第一發光元件區域以及一個第二發光元件區域,該第一發光元件區域包含該第一發光材料,該第二發光元件區域包含該第二發光材料,該第一發光材料被激發後,發出在第一波長範圍內的光,該第二發光材料被激發後,發出在第二波長範圍內的光,在該第二波長範圍內的所有值不同於該第一波長範圍內的所有值。
  39. 如申請專利範圍第34項所述之照明裝置,其中該照明裝置包含多個發光元件,發光元件之每一者包含至少一種發光材料,每一個發光元件附加至該外殼以定義一內部空間,至少一個固態發光體在每一個內部空間之內。
  40. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該導 電軌跡係該外殼之金屬化部份。
  41. 如申請專利範圍第40項所述之照明裝置,其中該導電軌跡係塗覆於該外殼上。
  42. 如申請專利範圍第40項所述之照明裝置,其中該導電軌跡係印刷於該外殼上。
  43. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中當初始照明時,該照明裝置提供初始強度的光,並且在照明50000個小時之後,提供該初始強度的至少百分之五十之強度的光。
  44. 如申請專利範圍第1項,其中該裝置包含多個固態發光體,其裝設於該外殼之環狀凸緣部份上。
  45. 如申請專利範圍第44項所述之照明裝置,其進一步包含一發光元件,其附加至該外殼,該環狀凸緣部份之內部邊緣,該發光元件,該外殼以及該環狀凸緣部份定義一內部空間,該固態發光體係置放於其內部空間中。
  46. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之照明裝置,其中該導電軌跡每一者包含一導電部份以及一絕緣層。
  47. 如申請專利範圍第1項,其中該等導電軌跡中之至少一者的全部係接觸該外殼的該第一部份。
  48. 如申請專利範圍第1項,其中該外殼為反射的。
  49. 如申請專利範圍第1項,其中期中該第一固態發光體被固定在該外殼上,該第一固態發光體係直接與至少該第一正向導電軌跡接觸,該第一固態發光體係直接與至少該第一負向導電軌跡接觸,並且該外殼的至少一個表面定 義一空間,至少該第一固態發光體在該空間中。
  50. 如申請專利範圍第49項,其中該第一正向導電軌跡以及該第一負向導電軌跡中之至少一個的至少一部份係直接與該外殼接觸。
  51. 如申請專利範圍第1項,其中該第一正向導電軌跡和該第一負向導電軌跡係直接與該外殼接觸。
  52. 一種照明裝置,其基本上包含:一外殼;至少一個固態發光體;以及與至少一個電源供應器呈可耦接狀態的導電軌跡,該導電軌跡係置放於該外殼的至少第一部份,該導電軌跡包含至少第一正向導電軌跡以及至少第一負向導電軌跡,該固態發光體係與該正向導電軌跡至少一者呈現電氣接觸,該固態發光體係與該負向導電軌跡至少一者呈現電氣接觸。
  53. 如申請專利範圍第52項,其中導電軌跡係在該外殼之至少一個表面的至少一第一部份上,並且其中該外殼之該至少一個表面定義一空間,該至少一個固態發光體中之至少一者在該空間中。
  54. 一種照明裝置,其包含:一設備,其包含導電元件,其可耦接至至少一個電源供應器;以及 至少一個固態發光體,該固態發光體係裝設在該設備上,當初始照明時,該照明裝置提供初始強度的光,並且在照明50000個小時之後,提供該初始強度的至少百分之五十之強度的光。
  55. 一種照明裝置,其包含:一外殼;至少一第一固態發光體;以及與至少一個電源供應器呈可耦接狀態的導電軌跡,該導電軌跡在該外殼的至少第一部份上,該導電軌跡包含至少第一正向導電軌跡以及至少第一負向導電軌跡,該第一固態發光體固定於該外殼的一表面上,該外殼的該錶面之個別的區域係與至少兩個平面為切線,該至少兩個平面非平行,該第一固態發光體係直接與至少該第一正向導電軌跡接觸,該第一固態發光體係直接與至少該第一負向導電軌跡接觸。
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US8337071B2 (en) 2012-12-25
EP1963743A4 (en) 2008-12-10
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