CN107077779A - 用于感测电磁波传输介质中的状况的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用于感测电磁波传输介质中的状况的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本主题公开的方面可以包括例如促进沿着导线表面传输促进将电能传递到设备的电磁波的设备,并且感测对沿着导线表面传播的电磁波不利的状况。公开了其它实施例。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2014年9月15日提交的美国专利申请序列No.14/486,268的优先权。上述申请的内容通过引用被结合到本申请中,如同在本文中完全阐述一样。
技术领域
本主题公开涉及用于感测电磁波传输介质中的状况的方法和装置。
背景技术
随着智能电话和其它便携式设备日益变得普遍存在,并且数据使用增加,宏小区基站设备和现有的无线基础设施进而需要更高的带宽能力,以便解决增加的需求。为了提供额外的移动带宽,正在寻求小小区部署,其中微小区和微微小区提供比传统宏小区小得多的区域的覆盖范围。
附图说明
图1是图示根据本文所述各个方面的导波通信系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图2是图示根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图3是图示根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图4是图示根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图5是图示根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器和收发器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图6是图示根据本文所述各个方面的双介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图7是图示根据本文所述各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图8图示出图示根据本文所述各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图9图示出图示根据本文所述各个方面的双向中继器系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图10A、10B和10C是图示根据本文所述各个方面的开槽波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图11是图示根据本文所述各个方面的波导耦合系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图12是图示根据本文所述各个方面的波导耦合系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图13图示如本文所述的用于利用介电波导耦合器传送传输的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图14是图示根据本文所述各个方面的波导系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图15A、15B、15C、15D、15E、15F和15G图示如本文所述的图14的波导系统可检测的状况的来源的示例、非限制性实施例。
图16是图示根据本文所述各个方面的用于管理电网通信系统的系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图17图示用于检测和减轻在图16的系统的通信网络中发生的状况的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图18A图示如本文所述的用于减轻由图14的波导系统检测的状况的示例、非限制性实施例。
图18B图示如本文所述的用于减轻由图14的波导系统检测的状况的另一个示例、非限制性实施例。
图19是根据本文所述各个方面的计算环境的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图20是根据本文所述各个方面的移动网络平台的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图21是根据本文所述各个方面的通信设备的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图描述一种或多种实施例,其中贯穿全文使用相同的附图标记来指相同的元件。在以下描述中,为了解释的目的,阐述了许多细节,以便提供对各种实施例的透彻理解。但是显然的是,可以在没有这些细节(以及不应用到任何特定联网环境或标准)的情况下实现各种实施例。
为了向附加的基站设备提供网络连接,将通信小区(例如,微小区和宏小区)链接到核心网的网络设备的回程网相应地扩展。类似地,为了向分布式天线系统提供网络连接,期望链接基站设备及其分布式天线的扩展通信系统。可以提供导波通信系统以启用替代的、增加的或附加的网络连接,并且可以提供波导耦合系统以在导线上传输和/或接收导波(例如,表面波)通信,所述导线是诸如作为单导线传输线(例如,公用设施线路)操作、作为波导操作和/或以其它方式操作以引导电磁波的传输的导线。
在实施例中,在波导耦合系统中使用的波导耦合器可以由介电材料或其它低损耗绝缘体(例如,特氟纶、聚乙烯等)制成,或者甚至由导电(例如,金属、非金属等)材料制成,或者是由前述材料的任意组合制成。贯穿整个详细描述对“介电波导”的引用是出于说明的目的并且没有将实施例限制为仅由介电材料构成。在其它实施例中,其它介电或绝缘材料是可能的。将认识到的是,在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,可以与导波通信一起使用各种传输介质。这种传输介质的示例可以或者单独地或者以一种或多种组合包括以下中的一种或多种:导线,不论是否绝缘以及不论是单股还是多股;其它形状或构造的导体,包括导线束、电缆、杆、轨道、管;非导体,诸如介电管、杆、轨道或其它介电构件;导体和介电材料的组合;或其它导波传输介质。
出于这些和/或其它考虑,在一种或多种实施例中,一种装置包括促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上传播的波导,其中波导表面不是完全或大部分地围绕导线的导线表面,并且,响应于相对于导线定位波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到导线表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地在导线表面周围行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有用于沿导线纵向传播的至少一种波传播模式。
在另一种实施例中,一种装置包括具有定义波导的横截面区域的波导表面的波导,其中导线定位于波导的横截面区域的外面,使得至少部分地在导线表面上沿导线行进的第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到波导表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地在波导表面周围行进。
在实施例中,一种方法包括由传输设备发射至少部分地在波导的波导表面上传播的第一电磁波,其中波导不与导线同轴对准。该方法还可以包括在导线附近配置波导,以促进第一电磁波的至少一部分到导线表面的耦合,从而形成沿导线并且至少部分地在导线表面周围纵向传播的第二电磁波。
在另一种实施例中,一种装置在一种或多种实施例中包括具有由不平行的相对的槽表面形成的槽的波导,其中相对的槽表面被隔开使得能够将导线插入槽中的距离,其中波导促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播,并且,响应于相对于导线定位波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到导线的导线表面,并且作为沿导线纵向传播的第二电磁波至少部分地在导线表面周围行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有至少一种波传播模式。
在另一种实施例中,一种装置在一种或多种实施例中包括波导,其中波导包括不导电并且适于在波导的波导表面上传播电磁波的材料,其中波导促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播,并且,响应于相对于导线定位波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到导线的导线表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地在导线表面周围行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有用于沿导线纵向传播的至少一种波传播模式。
本主题公开的一种实施例包括一种具有波导的装置,该波导促进沿电网的导线的导线表面的电磁波的传输或接收,并且还促进将电能传递到设备。该装置还可以包括一个或多个传感器,该一个或多个传感器促进感测对波导、导线、沿导线表面或波导表面或其任何组合传播的电磁波的传输或接收不利的状况。该装置还可以包括处理器,该处理器促进处理来自一个或多个传感器的感测数据和控制电磁波的传输或接收。
本主题公开的一种实施例包括一种方法,该方法用于通过包括波导和传感器的装置传输沿着促进将电能传递到设备的导线的导线表面传播的电磁波,并且通过传感器感测对沿导线表面传播的电磁波不利的状况。
本主题公开的一种实施例包括具有可执行指令的机器可读(例如,计算机可读、处理器可读等)存储介质,当该可执行指令由处理器执行时,促进操作的执行,该操作包括沿传输介质的表面感应波导电磁波,以及收集来自传感器的感测数据。感测数据可以与对沿传输介质的表面引导的电磁波不利的状况相关联。
本主题公开的一种实施例包括具有处理器和存储器的装置。处理器可以执行以下操作:从耦合到传感器的波导系统接收遥测信息、根据遥测信息检测对波导系统的操作、沿导线表面或波导表面的电磁波的传输或接收或其组合中的一个不利的状况,以及报告该状况。波导系统可以包括相对于促进将电能传递到设备的电网的导线定位的波导。波导还可以促进电磁波沿导线的导线表面的传输或接收,而传感器可以促进感测对电磁波不利的状况。
本主题公开的一种实施例包括一种方法,该方法用于通过包括处理器的网络元件接收来自波导系统的遥测信息、通过网络元件根据包括在遥测信息中的感测数据确定状况、以及通过网络元件向波导系统传输指令以调整电磁波的路由以避免或补偿所确定的状况。波导系统可以促进电磁波沿电网的导线的导线表面的传输并且促进对电磁波的传输或接收不利的状况的感测。
本主题公开的一种实施例包括具有可执行指令的机器可读(例如,计算机可读、处理器可读等)存储介质,当该可执行指令由处理器执行时,促进操作的执行,该操作包括从在用于将通信信号传递到耦合到电网的接收方通信设备的电网的导线的导线表面上感应电磁波的装置接收遥测信息,以及根据遥测信号检测对将通信信号传递到接收方通信设备不利的状况。
本文所述的各种实施例涉及用于从导线发起和提取导波(例如,是电磁波的表面波通信)传输的波导耦合系统。在毫米波频率(例如,30至300GHz)处,其中波长与装备的尺寸相比可以是小的,传输可以作为由波导(诸如,一条或一定长度的介电材料或其它耦合器)引导的波传播。导波的电磁场结构可以在波导的内部和/或在波导的外部。当使这个波导紧密接近导线(例如,公用设施线路或其它传输线)时,导波的至少一部分与波导解耦并耦合到导线,并且继续作为导波(诸如,在导线的表面附近的表面波)传播。
根据示例实施例,表面波是由导线的表面引导的一类导波,该表面可以包括导线的外部或外表面,或者与具有不同属性(例如,介电属性)的另一类介质相邻或暴露于其的另一个表面。实际上,在示例实施例中,引导表面波的导线的表面可以表示在两种不同类型介质之间的过渡表面。例如,在裸露导线或非绝缘导线的情况下,导线的表面可以是暴露于空气或自由空间的裸露导线或非绝缘导线的外导电表面或外部导电表面。作为另一个示例,在绝缘导线的情况下,取决于绝缘体、空气和/或导体的属性(例如,介电属性)的相对差异并且还取决于频率和传播模式或导波的模式,导线的表面可以是与导线的绝缘体部分接触的导线的导电部分,或者可以否则是暴露于空气或自由空间的导线的绝缘体表面,或者可以否则是在导线的绝缘体表面和与导线的绝缘体部分接触的导线的导电部分之间的任何材料区域。
根据示例实施例,导波(诸如,表面波)可以与经自由空间/空气的无线电传输或者与通过导线的导体的电力或信号的常规传播形成对比。实际上,利用本文所述的表面波或导波系统,常规的电力或信号仍然可以通过导线的导体传播或传输,而导波(包括表面波和其它电磁波)可以根据示例实施例在导线的表面附近传播或传输。在实施例中,表面波可以具有场结构(例如,电磁场结构),该场结构主要或基本上位于用来引导表面波的线、导线或传输介质的外侧。
根据示例实施例,沿导线并在导线的外表面周围行进的电磁波是由在该导线附近沿波导行进的其它电磁波感应的。电磁波的感应可以独立于通过作为电路的一部分的导线被注入或以其它方式传输的任何电势、电荷或电流。应当认识到的是,虽然导线中的小电流可以响应于电磁波沿导线的传播形成,但是这可以是由于电磁波沿导线表面的传播,而不是响应于作为电路的一部分注入到导线中的电势、电荷或电流形成。因此,在导线上行进的电磁波不要求电路来沿导线表面传播。因此,导线是单导线传输线,其不是电路的一部分。而且,在一些实施例中,导线不是必需的,并且电磁波可以沿不是导线的单线传输介质传播。
根据示例实施例,与导波(例如,表面波)结合使用的术语在导线“附近”可以包括基波传播模式和至少部分地在导线或其它传输介质周围具有圆形或基本上圆形的场分布(例如,电场、磁场、电磁场等)的其它导波。此外,当导波在导线或其它传输介质“附近”传播时,它可以根据波传播模式传播,该波传播模式不仅包括基波传播模式(例如,零阶模式)而且还附加地或替代地包括其它非基波传播模式(诸如,高阶导波模式(例如,1阶模式、2阶模式等)、非对称模式和/或在导线或其它传输介质周围具有非圆形的场分布的其它导波(例如,表面波))。
例如,这种非圆形的场分布可以是单边的或多边的,具有特征在于相对较高的场强的一个或多个轴向波瓣和/或特征在于相对低场强、零场强或基本上零场强的一个或多个空值或空值区域。另外,根据示例实施例,场分布可以以其它方式作为在导线周围纵向轴向朝向的函数而变化,使得在导线周围的轴向朝向的一个或多个区域具有比轴向朝向的一个或多个其它区域高的电场强或磁场强(或其组合)。应当认识到的是,波的较高阶模式或不对称模式的相对位置可以随着导波沿导线行进而变化。
现在参考图1,其中示出图示导波通信系统100的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。导波通信系统100绘出其中可以使用介电波导耦合系统的示例性环境。
导波通信系统100可以是分布式天线系统,其包括可通信地耦合到宏小区站点102或其它网络连接的一个或多个基站设备(例如,基站设备104)。基站设备104可以通过有线(例如,光纤和/或电缆)或者通过无线(例如,微波无线)连接而连接到宏小区站点102。宏小区(诸如,宏小区站点102)可以具有到移动网络的专用连接并且基站设备104可以共享和/或以其它方式使用宏小区站点102的连接。基站设备104可以安装在或附连到电线杆116上。在其它实施例中,基站设备104可以在变压器附近和/或位于电力线附近的其它位置。
基站设备104可以促进到用于移动设备122和124的移动网络的连接。分别安装在电线杆118和120上或安装在电线杆118和120附近的天线112和114可以从基站设备104接收信号,并且与如果天线112和114位于基站设备104处或位于其附近时相比,在宽得多的区域上将那些信号传送到移动设备122和124。
应当注意的是,为了简单起见,图1显示具有一个基站设备的三个电线杆。在其它实施例中,电线杆116可以具有更多的基站设备,并且具有分布式天线的一个或多个电线杆是可能的。
介电波导耦合设备106可以经由连接电线杆116、118和120的(一条或多条)公用设施线路或电力线将信号从基站设备104传输到天线112和114。为了传输信号,无线电源(radio source)和/或耦合器106将来自基站设备104的信号(例如,经由混频)上变频或以其它方式将来自基站设备104的信号变频到毫米波段信号,并且介电波导耦合设备106发起作为沿公用设施线路或其它导线行进的导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)传播的毫米波段波。在电线杆118处,另一个介电波导耦合设备108接收导波(并且可选地可以根据需要或期望来放大该导波或者操作为数字中继器以接收该导波并重新生成它)并且在公用设施线路或其它导线上将该导波作为导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)转发。介电波导耦合设备108还可以从毫米波段导波中提取信号并将该信号频率下移或以其它方式变频到其原始蜂窝频带频率(例如,1.9GHz或其它定义的蜂窝频率)或另一个蜂窝(或非蜂窝)频带频率。天线112可以向移动设备122传输(例如,无线地传输)下移后的信号。根据需要或期望,介电波导耦合设备110、天线114和移动设备124可以重复该过程。
也可以分别由天线112和114接收来自移动设备122和124的传输。介电波导耦合设备108和110上的中继器可以将蜂窝频带信号上移或以其它方式变频到毫米波段,并且将信号作为导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)传输经(一条或多条)电力线传输到基站设备104。
在示例实施例中,系统100可以采用分集路径,其中两条或更多条公用设施线路或其它导线串(strung)在电线杆116、118和120之间(例如,在电线杆116和120之间的两条或更多条导线),并且在公用设施线路或其它导线的表面下方将来自基站104的冗余传输作为导波传输。公用设施线路或其它导线可以是绝缘的或非绝缘的,并且取决于造成传输损耗的环境状况,耦合设备可以选择性地从绝缘或非绝缘公用设施线路或其它导线接收信号。该选择可以基于导线的信噪比的测量,或者基于所确定的天气/环境状况(例如,湿度检测器、天气预报等)。与系统100一起使用分集路径可以启用替代的路由能力、负载均衡、增加的负载处理、并发的双向或同步通信、扩频通信等(参见图8的更多说明性细节)。
应当注意的是,图1中的介电波导耦合设备106、108和110的使用仅仅是示例性的,并且在其它实施例中其它使用是可能的。例如,可以在回程通信系统中使用介电波导耦合设备,从而向基站设备提供网络连接。介电波导耦合设备可以用于其中期望经导线(无论是绝缘的还是不绝缘的)传输导波通信的许多情况中。由于与可以携带高压的导线没有接触或者与携带高压的导线具有有限的物理和/或电接触,因此介电波导耦合设备是对其它耦合设备的改进。利用介电波导耦合设备,只要装置不与导线电接触,该装置可以位于远离导线(例如,与导线隔开)和/或位于导线上,因为电介质充当绝缘体,因此允许便宜、容易和/或较不复杂的安装。但是,如前所注意到的,在例如其中导线对应于电话网络、有线电视网络、宽带数据服务、光纤通信系统或采用低压或具有绝缘传输线的其它网络的配置中,可以采用导电或非介电耦合器。
还应当注意的是,虽然在实施例中图示了基站设备104和宏小区站点102,但是其它网络配置同样是可能的。例如,可以以类似的方式采用设备(诸如,接入点或其它无线网关)来扩展其它网络(诸如,无线局域网、无线个人区域网或者根据通信协议(诸如,802.11协议、WIMAX协议、UltraWideband协议、蓝牙协议、Zigbee协议或其它无线协议)操作的其它无线网络)的范围。
现在转到图2,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合系统200的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。系统200包括介电波导204,该介电波导204具有作为导波在介电波导204的波导表面附近传播的波206。如本文所述,在实施例中,介电波导204是弯曲的,并且波导204的至少一部分可以靠近导线202放置,以便促进波导204和导线202之间的耦合。介电波导204可以被放置成使得弯曲的介电波导204的一部分与导线202平行或基本上平行。介电波导204的与导线平行的部分可以是曲线的顶点或者曲线的切线与导线202平行的任何点。当介电波导204如此被定位或放置时,沿介电波导204行进的波206至少部分地耦合到导线202,并且作为导波208在导线202的导线表面的周围或附近并且沿导线202纵向地传播。导波208可以被特征化为表面波或其它电磁波,但是在不背离示例实施例的情况下也可以支持其它类型的导波208。没有耦合到导线202的波206的一部分作为沿介电波导204的波210传播。应当认识到的是,可以相对于导线202在各种位置中配置和布置介电波导204,以实现波206到导线202的期望水平的耦合或非耦合。例如,与导线202平行或基本上平行的介电波导2014的曲率和/或长度,以及该介电波导到导线202的间隔距离(在实施例中,这可以包括零间隔距离)可以在不背离示例实施例的情况下变化。同样,介电波导204相对于导线202的布置可以基于对导线202和介电波导204的相应固有特性(例如,厚度、组成、电磁属性等)以及波206和208的特性(例如,频率、能量水平等)的考虑而变化。
即使在导线202弯曲和屈曲时,导波208也保持与导线202平行或基本上平行。导线202中的弯曲可以增加传输损耗,传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如果为了高效的功率传输而选择介电波导204的维度,那么波206中的大部分功率被转移到导线202,在波210中剩余很少的功率。应当认识到的是,在具有或不具有基波传输模式的情况下,在沿着与导线202平行或基本上平行的路径行进时,导波208本质上仍然可以是多模的(本文中所讨论的),包括具有非基波或不对称的模式。在实施例中,非基波或不对称模式可以被利用以最小化传输损耗和/或获得增加的传播距离。
应当注意的是,术语“平行”一般是在实际系统中常常不能精确实现的几何构造。因此,当用来描述本公开中公开的实施例时,如在本公开中使用的术语“平行”表示近似而不是精确配置。在实施例中,基本上平行可以包括在所有维度上在真正平行的30度内的近似。
在实施例中,波206可以表现出一个或多个波传播模式。介电波导模式可以取决于波导204的形状和/或设计。波206的一个或多个介电波导模式可以产生或影响沿导线202传播的导波208的一个或多个波传播模式。在实施例中,导线202上的波传播模式可以类似于介电波导模式,因为波206和208两者都分别在介电波导204和导线202的外部附近传播。在一些实施例中,当波206耦合到导线202时,由于介电波导204和导线202之间的耦合,模式可以改变形式,或者新的模式可以被创建或生成。例如,介电波导204和导线202的尺寸、材料和/或阻抗的不同可以创建介电波导模式中不存在的附加模式和/或可以抑制一些介电波导模式。波传播模式可以包括基波横向电磁模式(准TEM00),其中只有小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且电场和磁场径向向外延伸,而导波沿导线传播。这种导波模式可以是环形的(donut shaped),其中在介电波导204或导线202内存在很少的电磁场。
波206和208可以包括基波TEM模式,其中场径向向外延伸,并且还包括其它的非基波(例如,不对称的、更高级的等)模式。虽然上面讨论了特定的波传播模式,但是基于所采用的频率、介电波导204的设计、导线202的维度和组成、以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘、周围环境的电磁属性等,其它波传播模式(诸如,横向电(TE)和横向磁(TM)模式)同样是可能的。应当注意的是,取决于频率、导线202的电和物理特性以及所生成的特定波传播模式,导波208可以沿氧化的非绝缘导线、未氧化的非绝缘导线、绝缘导线的导电表面和/或沿绝缘导线的绝缘表面行进。
在实施例中,介电波导204的直径小于导线202的直径。对于所使用的毫米波段波长,介电波导204支持构成波206的单波导模式。这种单波导模式可以在其作为表面波208耦合到导线202时改变。如果介电波导204更大,那么可以支持多于一个波导模式,但是这些附加的波导模式可能无法那么高效地耦合到导线202,并且会导致更高的耦合损耗。但是,在一些替代实施例中,介电波导204的直径可以等于或大于导线202的直径,例如,在期望更高的耦合损耗的地方或者当连同其它技术使用以便以其它方式减小耦合损耗时(例如,具有逐渐变细的阻抗匹配,等等)。
在实施例中,波206和208的波长在尺寸上相当,或者小于介电波导204和导线202的周长。在示例中,如果导线202具有0.5cm的直径和大约1.5cm的对应周长,那么传输的波长是大约1.5cm或更小,对应于20GHz或更大的频率。在另一种实施例中,传输和载波信号的合适频率在30-100GHz的范围内,可能是大约30-60GHz,并且在一个示例中是大约38GHz。在实施例中,当介电波导204和导线202的周长在尺寸上相当于或大于传输的波长时,波206和208可以表现出在足够的距离上传播,以支持本文所述的各种通信系统的多波传播模式,该多波传播模式包括基波和/或非基波(对称和/或不对称)模式。因此,波206和208可以包括多于一种类型的电场和磁场配置。在实施例中,当导波208沿导线202传播时,电场和磁场配置将从导线202的一端到另一端保持相同。在其它实施例中,当导波208遇到干扰或者由于传输损耗而损失能量时,电场和磁场配置可以在导波208沿导线202传播时改变。
在实施例中,介电波导204可以由尼龙、特氟隆、聚乙烯、聚酰胺或其它塑料构成。在其它实施例中,其它介电材料是可能的。导线202的导线表面可以或者是具有裸露的金属表面的金属,或者是可以使用塑料、电介质、绝缘体或其它护套来绝缘。在实施例中,介电或其它非导电/绝缘波导可以与裸/金属线或绝缘线配对。在其它实施例中,金属和/或导电波导可以与裸/金属线或绝缘线配对。在实施例中,在导线202的裸露金属表面上的氧化层(例如,由于裸露金属表面暴露于氧/空气而产生)也可以提供类似于由一些绝缘体或护套提供的绝缘或介电属性。
应当注意的是,波206、208和210的图形表示仅仅是为了图示波206在例如作为单导线传输线操作的导线202上感应或以其它方式发起导波208的原理。波210表示在生成导波208之后保留在介电波导204上的波206的部分。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、一个或多个特定波传播模式、介电波导204的设计、导线202的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘、周围环境的电磁属性等而变化。
应当注意的是,介电波导204可以在介电波导204的端部包括可吸收来自波210的剩余辐射或能量的终止电路或阻尼器214。终止电路或阻尼器214可以防止和/或最小化从波210向发送器电路212反射回的剩余辐射或能量。在实施例中,终止电路或阻尼器214可以包括终止电阻器和/或执行阻抗匹配以衰减反射的其它部件。在一些实施例中,如果耦合效率足够高,和/或波210足够小,那么可能不必使用终止电路或阻尼器214。为了简单起见,在其它图中没有绘出这些发送器和终止电路或阻尼器212和214,但是在那些实施例中,会有可能使用发送器和终止电路或阻尼器。
另外,虽然给出了生成单个导波208的单个介电波导204,但是可以采用在沿导线202的不同点和/或在导线附近的不同轴向朝向放置的若干介电波导204,以生成和接收处于相同或不同频率、处于相同或不同相位、处于相同或不同波传播模式的若干导波208。导波或波208可以被调制,以经由调制技术(诸如,相移键控、频移键控、正交幅度调制、幅度调制、多载波调制)和经由多址技术(诸如,频分复用、时分复用、码分复用、经由不同波传播模式的复用)以及经由其它调制和访问策略来传送数据。
现在转到图3,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合系统300的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。系统300包括介电波导304和导线302,该导线302具有作为导波在导线302的导线表面附近传播的波306。在示例实施例中,波306可以被特征化为表面波或其它电磁波。
在示例实施例中,介电波导304是弯曲的或以其它方式具有曲率,并且可以靠近导线302放置,使得弯曲的介电波导304的一部分与导线302平行或基本上平行。与导线平行的介电波导304的部分可以是曲线的顶点,或者是曲线的切线与导线302平行的任何点。当介电波导304靠近导线时,沿导线302行进的导波306可以耦合到介电波导304并且作为导波308在介电波导304附近传播。没有耦合到介电波导304的导波306的一部分作为导波310(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)沿导线302传播。
即使当导线302和介电波导304弯曲和屈曲时,导波306和308也分别保持与导线302和介电波导304平行。弯曲会增加传输损耗,传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如果为了高效的功率传输而选择介电波导304的维度,那么导波306中的大部分能量耦合到介电波导304,并且很少保留在导波310中。
在实施例中,接收器电路可以放在波导304的端部上以便接收波308。终止电路可以被放置在波导304的相对端部上,以便接收在与耦合到波导304的导波306相反方向上行进的导波。因此,终止电路将防止和/或最小化由接收器电路接收到的反射。如果反射小,那么终止电路可以是不必要的。
应当注意的是,介电波导304可以被配置成使得表面波306的所选择的极化作为导波308耦合到介电波导304。例如,如果导波306由具有相应极化的导波或波传播模式组成,那么介电波导304可以被配置成接收所选择的(一个或多个)极化的一个或多个导波。因此,耦合到介电波导304的导波308是对应于一个或多个所选择的(一个或多个)极化的导波集合,并且导波310进一步可以包括不匹配所选择的(一个或多个)极化的导波。
介电波导304可以被配置成基于在放置介电波导304的导线302周围的角度/旋转来接收特定极化的导波。例如,如果导波306是水平极化的,那么导波306的大部分作为波308转移到介电波导。但是,当介电波导304绕导线302旋转90度时,来自导波306的大部分能量将作为导波310保持耦合到导线,并且只有一小部分将作为波308耦合到导线302。
应当注意的是,在图3和说明书的其它图中使用三个圆形符号示出波306、308和310。这些符号用于表示一般的导波,但不暗示波306、308和310必须是圆极化的或是以其它方式圆形定向的。事实上,波306、308和310可以包括场径向向外延伸的基波TEM模式,并且还包括其它非基波(例如,更高级的等)模式。这些模式也可以在本质上是不对称的(例如,径向、双边、三边、四边等等)。
还应当注意的是,经导线的导波通信可以是全双工的,从而允许在两个方向上的同时通信。在一个方向行进的波可以穿过在相反方向行进的波。由于应用到波的叠加原理,电磁场可以在某些点和短时间内抵消。在相反方向行进的波就像其它波不在那里一样传播,但是对观察者的合成效果可以是静止的驻波图案。当导波彼此穿过并且不再处于叠加状态时,干扰减弱。当导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)耦合到波导并离开导线时,由于其它导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)引起的任何干扰减弱。在实施例中,当导波306(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)接近介电波导304时,在导线302上从左到右行进的另一导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)(未示出)经过,从而造成局部干扰。当导波306作为波308耦合到介电波导304并且从导线302离开时,由于经过的导波引起的任何干扰减弱。
应当注意的是,给出波306、308和310的图形表示仅仅是为了图示导波306在电介波导304上感应或以其它方式发起波308的原理。导波310表示在生成波308之后保留在导线302上的导波306的一部分。作为这种导波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于以下的一个或多个而变化:介电波导的形状和/或设计、介电波导与导线的相对位置、所采用的频率、介电波导304的设计、导线302的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘、周围环境的电磁属性等。
现在转到图4,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合系统400的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。系统400包括介电波导404,其具有作为导波在介电波导404的波导表面附近传播的波406。在实施例中,介电波导404是弯曲的,并且介电波导404的端部可以系到、紧固到或以其它方式机械耦合到导线402。当介电波导404的端部紧固到导线402时,介电波导404的端部与导线402平行或基本上平行。可替代地,超过端部的介电波导的另一部分可以紧固或耦合到导线402,使得紧固或耦合的部分与导线402平行或基本上平行。耦合设备410可以是或者与介电波导404分离或者构造为介电波导404的集成部件的尼龙电缆扎带或其它类型的非导电/介电材料。介电波导404可以在不围绕导线402的情况下与导线402相邻。
当介电波导404被放置成端部与导线402平行时,沿介电波导404行进的导波406耦合到导线402,并且作为导波408在导线402的导线表面附近传播。在示例实施例中,导波408可以被特征化为表面波或其它电磁波。
应当注意的是,给出波406和408的图形表示仅仅是为了图示波406在例如作为单导线传输线操作的导线402上感应或以其它方式发起导波408的原理。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于以下的一个或多个而变化:介电波导的形状和/或设计、介电波导与导线的相对位置、所采用的频率、介电波导404的设计、导线402的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘、周围环境的电磁属性等等。
在实施例中,介电波导404的端部可以朝着导线402逐渐变细以便增加耦合效率。实际上,根据本主题公开的示例实施例,介电波导404的端部的逐渐变细可以提供与导线402匹配的阻抗。例如,介电波导404的端部可以逐步地逐渐变细,以便获得如图4中图示的波406和408之间的期望的耦合水平。
在实施例中,耦合设备410可以被放置成使得在耦合设备410和介电波导404的端部之间存在短长度的介电波导404。当超过耦合设备410的介电波导404的端部的长度是用于正被传输的无论什么频率的至少几个波长长时,最大的耦合效率得以实现。
现在转到图5,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器和收发器系统500(本文统称为系统500)的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。系统500包括发起和接收波(例如,在介电波导502上的导波504)的发送器/接收器设备506。导波504可以用于通过通信接口501传送从基站520、移动设备522或建筑物524接收到的信号和发送到基站520、移动设备522或建筑物524的信号。通信接口501可以是系统500的组成部分。可替代地,通信接口501可以系留(tethered)到系统500。通信接口501可以包括无线接口,该无线接口用于利用各种无线信令协议(例如,LTE、WiFi、WiMAX、IEEE 802.xx等)中的任何一个与基站520、移动设备522或建筑物524对接。通信接口501还可以包括有线接口,诸如光纤线路、同轴电缆、双绞线或用于向基站520或建筑物524传输信号的其它合适的有线介质。对于其中系统500作为中继器的实施例,通信接口501可以是不必要的。
通信接口501的输出信号(例如,Tx)可以与由混频器510处的本地振荡器512生成的毫米波载波组合。混频器510可以使用外差(heterodyning)技术或其它频移技术来频移来自通信接口501的输出信号。例如,发送到通信接口501和从通信接口501发送的信号可以是调制信号,诸如根据长期演进(LTE)无线协议或其它无线3G、4G、5G或更高的语音和数据协议、Zigbee、WIMAX,UltraWideband或IEEE 802.11无线协议或其它无线协议格式化的正交频分复用(OFDM)信号。在示例实施例中,这种频率转换可以在模拟域中完成,因此,可以在不考虑基站520、移动设备522或建筑物内设备524使用的通信协议的类型的情况下进行频移。随着新通信技术的发展,通信接口501可以被升级或替换,并且频移和传输装置可以保留,从而简化升级。然后,载波可以被发送到功率放大器(“PA”)514并且可以经由双工器516经由发送器接收器设备506传输。
从发送器/接收器设备506接收到的被定向到通信接口501的信号可以经由双工器516与其它信号分离。然后传输可以被发送到低噪声放大器(“LNA”)518用于放大。在本地振荡器512的帮助下,混频器521可以将传输(在一些实施例中在毫米波段中或大约38GHz)下移到原生频率。然后,通信接口501可以在输入端口(Rx)处接收传输。
在实施例中,发送器/接收器设备506可以包括圆柱形或非圆柱形金属(例如,其在实施例中可以是中空的,但不一定按比例绘制)或其它导电或非导电波导,并且介电波导502的端部可以放置在波导或发送器/接收器设备506中或其附近,使得当发送器/接收器设备506生成传输时,导波耦合到介电波导502并作为导波504在介电波导502的波导表面附近传播。类似地,如果导波504正在传入(从导线耦合到介电波导502),那么导波504然后进入发送器/接收器设备506并耦合到圆柱形波导或导电波导。虽然发送器/接收器设备506被示为包括单独的波导——但是可以在不需要单独的波导的情况下采用天线、空腔谐振器、速调管、磁控管、行波管或其它辐射元件来在波导502上感应导波。
在实施例中,介电波导502可以完全由介电材料(或其它合适的绝缘材料)构成,其中没有任何金属或其它导电材料。介电波导502可以由尼龙、特氟隆、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其它塑料或其它材料组成,该材料组成不导电并适于促进在这些材料的外表面上传输电磁波。在另一种实施例中,介电波导502可以包括导电/金属的芯,并且具有外部介电表面。类似地,耦合到介电波导502用于传播由介电波导502感应出的电磁波或用于向介电波导502提供电磁波的传输介质可以完全由介电材料(或其它合适的绝缘材料)构成,其中没有任何金属或其它导电材料。
应当注意的是,虽然图5示出发送器接收器设备506的开口比介电波导502宽得多,但这不是按比例的,并且在其它实施例中,介电波导502的宽度与中空波导的开口相当或比中空波导的开口略小。虽然也未示出,但是在一种实施例中,插入到发送器/接收器设备506中的波导502的端部逐渐变细以便减少反射并增加耦合效率。
发送器/接收器设备506可以通信地耦合到通信接口501,并且可替代地,发送器/接收器设备506还可以通信地耦合到图1所示的一个或多个分布式天线112和114。在其它实施例中,发送器/接收器设备506可以包括用于回程网的中继器系统的一部分。
在耦合到介电波导502之前,由发送器/接收器设备506生成的导波的一个或多个波导模式可以耦合到导波504的一个或多个波传播模式。由于中空金属波导和介电波导的不同特性,波传播模式可以不同于中空金属波导模式。例如,波传播模式可以包括基波横向电磁模式(准TEM00),其中只有小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且电场和磁场从介电波导502径向向外延伸,而导波沿介电波导502传播。在中空的波导内部不存在基波横向电磁模式波传播模式。因此,由发送器/接收器设备506使用的中空金属波导模式是可以有效且高效地耦合到介电波导502的波传播模式的波导模式。
现在转到图6,图示的是图示根据本文所述各个方面的双介电波导耦合系统600的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。在实施例中,两个或更多个介电波导(例如,604和606)可以在导线602周围定位,以便接收导波608。在实施例中,导波608可以被特征化为表面波或其它电磁波。在实施例中,一个介电波导足以接收导波608。在那种情况下,导波608耦合到介电波导604并作为导波610传播。如果导波608的场结构由于各种外部因素而在导线602周围振荡或波动,那么介电波导606可以被放置成使得导波608耦合到介电波导606。在一些实施例中,四个或更多个介电波导可以被放置在导线602的一部分周围,例如,相对于彼此处于90度或其它间距,以便接收可以在导线602周围振荡或旋转的导波,该导波已经被感应在不同的轴向朝向处或具有例如具有依赖朝向的波瓣和/或空值或其它不对称性的非基波或更高阶模式。但是,应当认识到的是,在不背离示例实施例的情况下,可以在导线602的一部分周围放置少于或多于四个介电波导。还将认识到的是,虽然一些示例实施例已经给出了在导线602的至少一部分周围的多个介电波导,但是这多个介电波导也可以被认为是具有多个介电波导子部件的单个介电波导系统的一部分。例如,两个或更多个介电波导可以被制造为单个系统,该系统可以在单次安装中安装在导线周围,使得介电波导或者是预定位的或者是根据该单个系统相对于彼此(手动地或自动地)可调节的。耦合到介电波导606和604的接收器可以使用分集组合来组合从介电波导606和604两者接收的信号,以便最大化信号质量。在其它实施例中,如果介电波导604和606中的一个或另一个接收到高于预定阈值的传输,那么接收器可以在决定使用哪个信号时使用选择分集。
应当注意的是,给出波608和610的图形表示仅仅是为了图示导波608在介电波导604上感应或以其它方式发起波610的原理。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、介电波导604的设计、导线602的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘、周围环境的电磁属性等而变化。
现在转到图7,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的双向介电波导耦合系统700的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。在系统700中,两个介电波导704和714可以靠近导线702放置,使得沿导线702传播的导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)作为波706耦合到介电波导704,然后被中继器设备710提升或中继并且作为导波716被发起到介电波导714上。然后,导波716可以耦合到导线702并继续沿导线702传播。在实施例中,中继器设备710可以通过与导线702的磁耦合来接收用于提升或中继的功率的至少一部分,该导线702可以是电力线。
在一些实施例中,中继器设备710可以中继与波706相关联的传输,并且在其它实施例中,中继器设备710可以与位于靠近中继器设备710的分布式天线系统和/或基站设备相关联。接收器波导708可以从介电波导704接收波706,并且发送器波导712可以将导波716发起到介电波导714上。在接收器波导708和发送器波导712之间,信号可以被放大以校正信号损失和与导波通信相关联的其它低效率,或者信号可以被接收和处理以提取其中包含的数据并再生用于传输。在实施例中,可以从传输中提取信号并且处理信号并且经由可通信耦合到中继器设备710的分布式天线发射到附近的移动设备。类似地,由分布式天线接收的信号和/或通信可以由发送器波导712插入到所生成的并在介电波导714上发起的传输中。因此,图7中所绘出的中继器系统700在功能上可以与图1中的介电波导耦合设备108和110相当。
应当注意的是,虽然图7示出分别从左边进入和从右边离开的导波传输706和716,但这仅仅是简化而不是旨在限制。在其它实施例中,接收器波导708和发送器波导712还可以分别作为发送器和接收器,从而允许中继器设备710是双向的。
在实施例中,中继器设备710可以放置在导线702上存在不连续或障碍物的位置处。这些障碍物可以包括变压器、连接件、电线杆和其它此类电力线设备。中继器设备710可以帮助导波(例如,表面波)跳过在线路上的这些障碍物并且同时提升传输功率。在其它实施例中,可以在不使用中继器设备的情况下使用介电波导来跳过障碍物。在该实施例中,介电波导的两端可以系在或紧固到导线上,从而为导波提供行进的路径而不被障碍物阻挡。
现在转到图8,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器800的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。在两条或更多条导线串在电线杆之间的情况下,双向介电波导耦合器800可以采用分集路径。由于基于天气、降水和大气状况,导波传输对绝缘导线和非绝缘导线具有不同的传输效率和耦合效率,因此在某些时候选择性地或者在绝缘导线或者在非绝缘导线上传输会是有利的。
在图8所示的实施例中,中继器设备使用接收器波导808接收沿未绝缘导线802行进的导波,并且使用发送器波导810将传输中继为沿绝缘导线804的导波。在其它实施例中,中继器设备可以从绝缘导线804切换到非绝缘导线802,或者可以沿相同的路径中继传输。中继器设备806可以包括传感器,或者与指示可以影响传输的状况的传感器通信。基于从传感器接收的反馈,中继器设备806可以确定是否沿着相同的导线保持传输,或者将传输转移到其他导线。
现在转到图9,图示的是图示双向中继器系统900的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。双向中继器系统900包括接收和传输来自位于分布式天线系统或回程系统中的其它耦合设备的传输的波导耦合设备902和904。
在各种实施例中,波导耦合设备902可以接收来自另一波导耦合设备的传输,其中该传输具有多个子载波。双工器906可以将该传输与其它传输分离,并且将该传输定向到低噪声放大器(“LNA”)908。在本地振荡器912的帮助下,混频器928可以将传输下移(其在一些实施例中在毫米波段内或大约38GHz)到较低频率,无论它是用于分布式天线系统的蜂窝频带(1.9GHz)、原生频率还是用于回程系统的其它频率。提取器932可以提取对应于天线或其它输出部件922的子载波上的信号,并将该信号引导到输出部件922。对于在这个天线位置处未被提取的信号,提取器932可以将它们重定向到另一混频器936,其中这些信号被用来调制由本地振荡器914产生的载波。利用其子载波,载波被定向到功率放大器(“PA”)916并且由波导耦合设备904经由双工器920重新传输到另一个中继器系统。
在输出设备922(分布式天线系统中的天线)处,PA 924可以提升用于传输到移动设备的信号。LNA 926可以被用来放大从移动设备接收的弱信号并且然后将该信号发送到多路复用器934,该多路复用器934将该信号与已经从波导耦合设备904接收的信号合并。从耦合设备904接收的信号已经被双工器920分离并且然后通过LNA 918,并且由混频器938频率下移。当信号由多路复用器934组合时,它们由混频器930频率上移,然后由PA 910提升,并且传输回发起器或通过波导耦合设备902发送回另一个中继器。在实施例中,双向中继器系统900可以仅仅是没有天线/输出设备922的中继器。应当认识到的是,在一些实施例中,双向中继器系统900还可以利用两个不同且分离的单向中继器来实现。在替代实施例中,双向中继器系统900还可以是提升器(booster)或以其它方式执行重新传输而无需下移和上移。实际上,在示例实施例中,重新传输可以基于在信号或导波的重新传输之前接收信号或导波并执行一些信号或导波处理或重新整形、滤波和/或放大。
现在转到图10A、10B和10C,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的开槽波导耦合器系统1000的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。在图10A中,波导耦合器系统包括相对于波导1002定位的导线1006,使得导线1006适配于在波导1002中形成的相对于导线1004纵向延伸的槽内或适配于该槽附近。波导1002的相对端部1004a和1004b以及波导1002本身围绕导线1006的导线表面小于180度。
在图10B中,波导耦合器系统包括相对于波导1008定位的导线1014,使得导线1014适配于在波导1008中形成的、相对于导线1004纵向延伸的槽内或适配于该槽附近。波导1008的槽表面可以是非平行的,并且在图10B中示出两个不同的示例性实施例。在第一实施例中,槽表面1010a和1010b可以是非平行的并且向外朝向,比导线1014的宽度略宽。在另一种实施例中,槽表面1012a和1012b仍然可以是非平行的,但是收窄以形成比导线1014的宽度小的槽开口。非平行槽表面的任何角度范围都是可能的,其中这些是两个示例性实施例。
在图10C中,波导耦合器系统示出适配于在波导1016中形成的槽内的导线1020。在该示例性实施例中的槽表面1018a和1018b可以是平行的,但是导线1020的轴线1026和波导1016的轴线1024不是对准的。因此,波导1016和导线1020不是同轴对准的。在示出的另一种实施例中,在1022处的导线的可能位置也具有不与波导1016的轴线1024对准的轴线1028。
应当认识到的是,虽然在图10A、10B和10C中单独地示出了示出a)围绕导线小于180度的波导表面,b)非平行的槽表面,以及c)同轴未对准的导线和波导的三个不同的实施例,但是在各种实施例中,列出的特征的不同组合是可能的。
现在转到图11,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的波导耦合系统1100的示例、非限制性实施例。图11绘出在图2、3、4等中示出的波导和导线实施例的横截面图。如在1100中可以看到的,导线1104可以直接相邻波导1102定位并且与波导1102接触。在其它实施例中,如图12中的波导耦合系统1200所示,导线1204仍然可以靠近波导条1202放置但不实际接触波导条1202。在这两种情况下,沿波导行进的电磁波可以在导线上感应其它电磁波,反之亦然。此外,在两种实施例中,导线1104和1204被放置在由波导1102和1202的外表面限定的横截面区域的外部。
出于本公开的目的,当以横截面观察时,当波导不围绕表面的轴向区域大于180度时,波导大部分不围绕导线的导线表面。为了避免疑问,当以横截面观察时,当波导围绕表面的轴向区域180度或更小时,波导大部分不围绕导线的表面。
应当认识到的是,虽然图11和12示出具有圆形形状的导线1104和1204以及具有矩形形状的波导1102和1202,但这并不意味着限制。在其它实施例中,导线和波导可以具有各种形状、尺寸和构造。形状可以包括但不限于:椭圆形或其它椭圆形形状、八边形、四边形或具有尖边缘或圆形边缘的其它多边形、或其它形状。此外,在一些实施例中,导线1104和1204可以是包括较小规格导线的绞合线,诸如螺旋线、编织线或各个股线到单个导线的其它耦合。图中所示和贯穿本公开描述的导线和波导中的任何一个可以包括这些实施例中的一个或多个。
图13图示与上述系统相关的过程。可以例如由分别图1-9所示的系统100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800和900实现图13中的过程。虽然出于简化说明的目的,该过程被示出和描述为一系列方框,但是应当理解和认识到的是,所要求保护的主题不受方框的顺序限制,因为一些方框可以以不同的顺序发生和/或可以与本文所绘出和描述的其它方框同时发生。此外,不是可能需要所有图示的方框来实现下文所描述的方法。
图13图示如本文所述的用于使用介电波导耦合器传送传输的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。方法1300可以在1302处开始,其中第一电磁波被传输设备作为至少部分地在波导的波导表面上传播的导波发射,其中波导的波导表面不是全部或大部分围绕导线的导线表面。由发送器生成的传输可以基于从基站设备、接入点、网络、移动设备或其它信号源接收到的信号。
在1304处,基于在导线附近配置或定位波导,然后导波将第一电磁波的至少一部分耦合到导线表面,从而形成至少部分地在导线表面周围传播的第二电磁波(例如,表面波),其中导线在波导附近。这可以响应于靠近和平行于导线定位介电波导的一部分(例如,介电波导的曲线的切线)而完成,其中电磁波的波长小于导线和介电波导的周长。即使当导线弯曲和屈曲时,导波或表面波也保持与导线平行。弯曲会增加传输损耗,传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如本文所述,导线和波导之间的耦合接口还可以被配置成实现期望水平的耦合,这可以包括使波导的端部逐渐变细以改善波导和导线之间的阻抗匹配。
由发送器发射的传输可以表现出一个或多个波导模式。波导模式可以取决于波导的形状和/或设计。由于波导和导线的不同特性,导线上的传播模式可以不同于波导模式。当导线的周长在尺寸上相当于或大于传输的波长时,导波表现出多波传播模式。因此,导波可以包括多于一种类型的电场和磁场配置。当导波(例如,表面波)沿导线传播时,电场和磁场配置可以从导线的一端到另一端保持基本相同,或者电场和磁场配置随着传输通过旋转、色散、衰减或其它效应穿过波而变化。
图14是图示根据本文所述各个方面的波导系统1402的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。波导系统1402可以包括传感器1404、电力管理1405、波导1406和通信接口1408。
波导系统1402可以耦合到电力线1410,用于促进根据本主题公开描述的实施例的数据通信。在示例实施例中,波导1406可以包括系统500的全部或部分(诸如图5所示),用于如本主题公开所述在电力线1410的表面上感应沿着电力线1410的表面纵向传播的电磁波。在图2-4和图6中示出用于将波导1406耦合到电力线1410的非限制性技术。波导1406还可以作为中继器,用于在相同的电力线1410上重新传输电磁波或者用于在电力线1410之间路由电磁波,如图7-8所示。
在示例实施例中,通信接口1408可以包括图5所示的通信接口501。通信接口1408耦合到波导1406,用于将以原始频率操作的信号上变频成以载波频率操作的电磁波,该电磁波在波导1406的耦合设备的表面(诸如,图5的电介质502)上传播、并且感应出在电力线1410的表面上传播的对应电磁波。电力线1410可以是具有导电表面或绝缘表面的导线(例如,单股或多股)。通信接口1408还可以接收来自波导1406的已经从在载波频率操作的电磁波下变频到其原始频率的信号的信号。
由通信接口1408接收的用于上变频的信号可以包括但不限于由基站1414通过通信接口1408的有线接口或无线接口提供的信号、由移动设备1420传输到基站1414用于通过通信接口1408的有线接口或无线接口传递的无线信号、由建筑物内通信设备1418通过通信接口1408的有线接口或无线接口提供的信号、和/或由在通信接口1408的无线通信范围中漫游的移动设备1412提供给通信接口1408的无线信号。在其中波导系统1402作为中继器的实施例中(诸如图7-8所示),波导系统1402中可以不包括通信接口1408。
沿着电力线1410的表面传播的电磁波可以被调制和格式化以包括包含数据有效载荷的数据的分组或帧,并且还包括联网信息(诸如,用于识别一个或多个目的地波导系统1402的报头信息)。可以由波导系统1402或始发设备(诸如,基站1414、移动设备1420或建筑物内设备1418、或其组合)来提供联网信息。此外,调制的电磁波可以包括用于减轻信号干扰的纠错数据。联网信息和纠错数据可以由目的地波导系统1402使用用于检测被定向到它的传输,并且用于对包括被定向到通信耦合到目的地波导系统1402的接收方通信设备的语音和/或数据信号的纠错数据传输进行下变频和处理。
现在参考波导系统1402的传感器1404,传感器1404可以包括以下的一个或多个:温度传感器1404a、干扰检测传感器1404b、能量损失传感器1404c、噪声传感器1404d、振动传感器1404e、环境(例如,天气)传感器1404f和/或图像传感器1404g。传感器1404可以检测可能对沿导线的导线表面传播的电磁波不利的各种状况中的任何一种。例如,温度传感器1404a可以用于测量环境温度、波导1406的温度、电力线1410的温度、温度差(例如,与1046和1410之间的设定点或基线等相比)或其任何组合。在一种实施例中,温度度量可以通过基站1414被周期性地收集和报告给网络管理系统1601。
干扰检测传感器1404b可以对电力线1410执行测量,以检测诸如信号反射之类的干扰,其可以指示可以阻碍电磁波在电力线1410上的传播的下游干扰的出现。信号反射可以表示由于例如从位于波导1406下游的电力线1410中的干扰全部或部分反射回到波导1406的由波导1406在电力线1410上传输的电磁波而导致的失真。
电力线1410上的障碍物可以引起信号反射。例如,图15(A)所示的树枝当树枝在电力线1410上或者非常接近电力线1410时可以引起可以导致电晕放电1502的电磁波反射。可以引起电磁波反射的障碍物的其它图示可以包括但不限于如图15(C)所示已经缠绕在电力线1410上的物体1506(例如,衣物、用鞋带围绕在电力线1410上的鞋等)、如图15(F)所示的电力线1410上的腐蚀积聚物1512、或者如图15(G)所示的积冰1514。电网部件也可以干扰电磁波在电力线1410的表面上的传输。可以引起信号反射的电网部件的图示包括但不限于图15(B)图示的变压器1504和诸如图15(E)图示的用于连接拼接(spliced)电力线的接头1510。如图15(D)所示的电力线1410上的锐角1508也可以引起电磁波反射。
干扰检测传感器1404b可以包括电路,该电路将电磁波反射的幅度与由波导1406传输的原始电磁波的幅度进行比较以确定电力线1410中的下游干扰衰减了多少传输。干扰检测传感器1404b还可以包括用于对反射波执行频谱分析的频谱分析仪电路。可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其它人工智能、分类或比较技术将由频谱分析仪电路生成的频谱数据与频谱轮廓进行比较,以基于例如与频谱数据最匹配的频谱简档识别干扰的类型。频谱简档可以存储在干扰检测传感器1404b的存储器中,或者可以由干扰检测传感器1404b远程访问。简档可以包括对在电力线1410上可能遇到的不同干扰进行建模以使得干扰检测传感器1404b能够本地识别干扰的频谱数据。如果干扰的识别已知,那么它可以通过基站1414报告到网络管理系统1601。干扰检测传感器1404b还可以利用波导1406将电磁波作为测试信号传输,以确定电磁波反射的往返时间。由干扰检测传感器1404b测得的往返时间可以用于计算由电磁波行进到达发生反射的点的距离,这使得干扰检测传感器1404b能够计算从波导1406到电力线1410上的下游干扰的距离。
计算出的距离可以通过基站1414报告到网络管理系统1601。在一种实施例中,波导系统1402在电力线1410上的位置可以对网络管理系统1601是已知的,网络管理系统1601可以使用该位置来基于电网的已知拓扑确定电力线1410上的干扰的位置。在另一种实施例中,波导系统1402可以将其位置提供给网络管理系统1601,以帮助确定电力线1410上的干扰的位置。波导系统1402可以从存储在波导系统1402的存储器中的波导系统1402的预编程位置获得波导系统1402的位置,或者波导系统1402可以使用包括在波导系统1402中的GPS接收器(未示出)来确定波导系统的位置。
电力管理系统1405向波导系统1402的前述部件提供能量。电力管理系统1405可以从太阳能电池接收能量或从耦合到电力线1410的变压器(未示出)接收能量,或者通过感应耦合到电力线1410或另一个附近的电力线接收能量。电力管理系统1405也可以包括备用电池和/或超级电容器或用于向波导系统1402提供临时电力的其它电容器电路。能量损失传感器1404c可以用于检测何时波导系统1402具有电力损失状况和/或一些其它故障的发生。例如,能量损失传感器1404c可以检测何时由于有缺陷的太阳能电池、太阳能电池上导致它们故障的障碍物、电力线1410上的电力损失而存在电力损失,和/或可以检测何时备用电力系统由于备用电池过期或超级电容器中可检测到的缺陷而故障。当发生故障和/或电力损失时,能量损失传感器1404c可以通过基站1414通知网络管理系统1601。
噪声传感器1404d可以用于测量电力线1410上可以不利地影响电磁波在电力线1410上的传输的噪声。噪声传感器1404d可以感测到意外的电磁干扰、噪声突发(burst)或可以中断调制的电磁波在电力线1410的表面上的传输的其它干扰源。噪声突发可以由例如电晕放电或其它噪声源引起。噪声传感器1404d可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其它人工智能、分类或比较技术将测得的噪声与由波导系统1402从噪声简档的内部数据库或从存储噪声简档的远程分布的数据库获得的噪声简档进行比较。根据比较,噪声传感器1404d可以基于例如提供与测得的噪声最接近匹配的噪声简档来识别噪声源(例如,电晕放电或其它)。噪声传感器1404d还可以通过测量传输度量(诸如,误码率、丢包率、抖动、报文重传请求等)来检测噪声如何影响传输。噪声传感器1404d可以通过基站1414向网络管理系统1601报告噪声源的身份、其发生的时间和传输度量、以及其它。
振动传感器1404e可以包括检测电力线1410上的2D或3D振动的加速度计和/或陀螺仪。可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其它人工智能、分类或比较技术将振动与可以在波导系统1402中本地存储或由波导系统1402从远程数据库获得的振动简档进行比较。例如,可以使用振动简档例如基于提供与测得的振动最接近匹配的振动简档来区分落下的树与阵风。这种分析的结果可以由振动传感器1404e通过基站1414报告到网络管理系统1601。
环境传感器1404f可以包括用于测量大气压力、(可以由温度传感器1404a提供的)环境温度、风速、湿度、风向和降雨等的气压计。环境传感器1404f可以收集原始信息并通过将其与能够从波导系统1402或远程数据库的存储器获得的环境简档进行比较来处理该信息,以在天气状况出现之前经由模式识别、专家系统、基于知识的系统或其它人工智能、分类或其它天气建模和预测技术来预测天气状况。环境传感器1404f可以将原始数据及其分析报告到网络管理系统1601。
图像传感器1404g可以是用于捕获波导系统1402附近的图像的数字相机(例如,电荷耦合器件或CCD成像器、红外相机等)。图像传感器1404g可以包括机电机构以控制相机的运动(例如,实际位置或焦点/变焦),用于从若干视角(例如,顶表面、底表面、左表面、右表面等)检查电力线1410。可替代地,图像传感器1404g可以被设计成使得为了获得若干视角不需要机电机构。由图像传感器1404g生成的成像数据的收集和检索可以由网络管理系统1601控制,或者可以由图像传感器1404g自主收集并报告到网络管理系统1601。
波导系统1402可以利用其它传感器,其中,为了检测、预测和/或减轻可以阻碍电力线1410(或任何其它形式的电磁波的传输介质)上电磁波传输的干扰,该传感器可以适于收集与波导系统1402和/或电力线1410相关联的遥测信息。
图16是图示根据本文所述各个方面的用于管理电网1603和嵌入其中的通信系统1605的系统1600的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。通信系统1605包括耦合到电网1603的电力线1410的多个波导系统1402。在通信系统1605中使用的波导系统1402的至少一部分可以与基站1414和/或网络管理系统1601直接通信。不直接连接到基站1414或网络管理系统1601的波导系统1402可以通过连接到基站1414或网络管理系统1601的其它下游波导系统1402或者与基站1414或者与网络管理系统1601进行通信会话。
网络管理系统1601可以通信地耦合到公用事业公司1602的装备和通信服务提供商1604的装备,用于分别向每一个实体提供与电网1603和通信系统1605相关联的状态信息。网络管理系统1601、公用事业公司1602的装备和通信服务提供商1604可以访问由公用事业公司人员1606使用的通信设备和/或由通信服务提供商人员1608使用的通信设备,以便提供状态信息和/或用于指导这些人员管理电网1603和/或通信系统1605。
图17A图示用于检测和减轻在图16的系统1600的通信网络中发生的干扰的方法1700的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。方法1700可以从步骤1702开始,其中波导系统1402发送和接收嵌入在调制的电磁波或沿电力线1410的表面行进的另一种类型的电磁波中或形成所述电磁波的一部分的消息。消息可以是语音消息、流视频和/或在通信地耦合到通信系统1605的通信设备之间交换的其它数据/信息。在步骤1704处,波导系统1402的传感器1404可以收集感测数据。在实施例中,可以在步骤1702中发送和/或接收消息之前、期间或之后在步骤1704中收集感测数据。在步骤1706处,波导系统1402(或传感器1404本身)可以根据感测数据确定通信系统1605中干扰的实际发生或预测的发生,该干扰可以影响源自波导系统1402(例如,通过其传输)或由波导系统1402接收到的通信。波导系统1402(或传感器1404)可以处理温度数据、信号反射数据、能量损失数据、噪声数据、振动数据、环境数据、或者其任何组合以做出这种确定。波导系统1402(或传感器1404)也可以检测、识别、估计或预测通信系统1605中的干扰源和/或其位置。如果在步骤1708处既没有检测/识别也没有预测/估计干扰,那么波导系统1402可以进行到步骤1702,其中它继续传输和接收嵌入在沿电力线1410的表面行进的调制的电磁波中或者形成所述电磁波的一部分的消息。
如果在步骤1708处检测/识别或预测/估计要发生干扰,那么波导系统1402进行到步骤1710,以确定干扰是否不利地影响(或可替代地,可能不利地影响或它可能不利地影响的程度)消息在通信系统1605中的传输或接收。在一种实施例中,持续时间阈值和发生频率阈值可以用于在步骤1710处确定干扰何时不利地影响通信系统1605中的通信。仅仅出于说明的目的,假定持续时间阈值被设置为500ms,而发生频率阈值被设置为在10秒的观察时段中发生的5个干扰。因此,具有持续时间大于500ms的干扰将触发持续时间阈值。此外,在10秒的时间间隔中发生超过5次的任何干扰将触发发生频率阈值。
在一种实施例中,当只有持续时间阈值被超过时,干扰可以被认为不利地影响通信系统1605中的信号完整性。在另一种实施例中,当持续时间阈值和发生频率阈值两者被超过时,干扰可以被认为不利地影响通信系统1605中的信号完整性。因此,对于分类不利地影响通信系统1605中的信号完整性的干扰,后一种实施例比前一种实施例更保守。将认识到的是,根据示例实施例,许多其它算法和相关联参数和阈值可用于步骤1710。还将认识到的是,由传感器、其它合适的检测装备、或用于检测可以不利地影响通信系统1605中的电磁波传输的信号完整性的其它构件可检测到的任何活动、事件或状况可以单个地或以任何组合应用于本主题公开中所描述的任何实施例、由本主题公开中所描述的任何实施例使用、或与本主题公开中所描述的任何实施例组合,以检测和减少或基本上消除这种对通信系统1605中的电磁波传输的信号完整性的不利影响,从而实现在通信系统1605中维持所期望的通信服务质量水平的目标。
回到参考方法1700,如果在步骤1710处,在步骤1708处检测到的干扰不满足不利地影响的通信的状况(例如,既没有超过持续时间阈值也没有超过发生频率阈值),那么波导系统1402可以进行到步骤1702处并继续处理消息。例如,如果在步骤1708中检测到的干扰具有1ms的持续时间,其中在10秒的时间段内发生了一次,那么两个阈值都不会超过。因此,这种干扰可以被认为对通信系统1605中的信号完整性具有微不足道的影响,并且因此不会被标记为需要被减轻的干扰。虽然没有被标记,但是作为用于监视目的的遥测数据,可以向网络管理系统1601报告干扰的发生、其发生的时间、其发生的频率、频谱数据和/或其它有用信息。
返回参考步骤1710,如果另一方面干扰满足不利地影响的通信的状况(例如,超过两个阈值中任一个或者两者),那么波导系统1402可以进行到步骤1712并将该事件报告到网络管理系统1601。报告可以包括:由传感器1404收集到的原始感测数据、如果波导系统1402已知的干扰描述、干扰的发生时间、干扰的发生频率、与干扰相关联的位置、参数读数,诸如误码率、丢包率、重新传输请求、抖动、延迟等等。如果干扰是基于波导系统1402的一个或多个传感器的预测,那么该报告可以包括预期的干扰类型,并且当预测基于由波导系统1402的传感器1404收集到的历史感测数据时,如果可预测的话,那么可以包括干扰的预期发生时间、以及预测的干扰的预期发生频率。
在步骤1714处,网络管理系统1601可以确定减轻、规避或校正技术,其可以包括如果可以确定干扰的位置,那么引导波导系统1402将流量重新路由以规避干扰。在一种实施例中,检测干扰的波导系统1402可以引导中继器1802(诸如图18A所示),以将波导系统1402从受干扰影响的主电力线1804连接到辅助电力线1806,以使得波导系统1402能够将流量重新路由到不同的传输介质并避免干扰1801。在其中波导系统1402被配置成中继器(诸如,中继器1802)的实施例中,波导系统1402本身可以执行流量从主电力线1804到辅助电力线1806的重新路由。还应当注意的是,对于双向通信(例如,全双工或半双工通信),中继器1802可以被配置成将流量从辅助电力线1806重新路由回到主电力线1804,用于由波导系统1402进行处理。
在另一种实施例中,波导系统1402可以通过以避免如图18B所示的干扰1801的方式来指示位于干扰上游的第一中继器1812和位于干扰下游的第二中继器1814,将来自主电力线1804的流量临时重定向到辅助电力线1806以及重定向回到主电力线1804。还应当注意的是,对于双向通信(例如,全双工或半双工通信),中继器1812和1814可以被配置成将流量从辅助电力线1806重新路由回到主电力线1804。
为了避免中断在辅助电力线1806上发生的现有通信会话,网络管理系统1601可以引导波导系统1402(在图18A-18B的实施例中)以指示(一个或多个)中继器利用辅助电力线1806的一个或多个未使用的时隙和/或频带,用于将数据和/或语音流量重新定向离开主电力线1804,以规避干扰1801。
在步骤1716处,当流量被重新路由以避免干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以通知公用事业公司1602的装备和/或通信服务提供商1604的装备,其又可以向公用事业公司的人员1606和/或通信服务提供商的人员1608通知检测到的干扰及其位置(如果知道)。来自任一方的现场人员都可以参加解决在所确定的干扰位置处的干扰。一旦干扰被公用事业公司的人员和/或通信服务提供商的人员去除或以其它方式减轻,这些人员就可以利用通信地耦合到网络管理系统1601的现场装备(例如,膝上型计算机、智能电话等)和/或公用事业公司和/或通信服务提供商的装备通知他们各自的公司和/或网络管理系统1601。通知可以包括对干扰如何被减轻的描述以及可能改变通信系统1605的拓扑结构的对电力线1410的任何改变。
一旦干扰已被解决,网络管理系统1601就可以在步骤1720处引导波导系统1402以恢复由波导系统1402使用的先前路由配置,或者如果使用恢复策略,那么根据新的路由配置来路由流量以减轻通信系统1605的新网络拓扑结构导致的干扰。在另一种实施例中,波导系统1402可以被配置成通过在电力线1410上传输测试信号以确定干扰何时被去除来监视干扰的减轻。一旦波导1402检测到不存在干扰,如果它确定通信系统1605的网络拓扑结构没有改变,那么它就可以在无需网络管理系统1601的帮助的情况下自主地恢复其路由配置,或者它可以利用适于检测到的新网络拓扑结构的新路由配置。
现在参考图19,图示的是根据本文所述各个方面的计算环境的框图。为了提供用于本文所述实施例的各种实施例的附加上下文,图19和以下讨论旨在提供对其中可以实现本主题公开的各种实施例的合适计算环境1900的简要的一般描述。虽然上面已经在可以在一个或多个计算机上运行的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了实施例,但是本领域技术人员将认识到的是,还可以与其它程序模块组合和/或作为硬件和软件的组合来实现实施例。
一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、部件、数据结构等。而且,本领域技术人员将认识到的是,可以用其它计算机系统配置来实践本发明性方法,所述其它计算机系统配置包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算机、大型计算机、以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备、基于微处理器的或可编程的消费电子产品等,其中的每一个可操作耦合到一个或多个相关联的设备。
除非从上下文其他方式清楚得知,否则如权利要求中所使用的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅仅是为了清晰,而不是其他方式指示或暗示任何时间次序。例如,“第一确定”、“第二确定”和“第三确定”不指示或暗示第一确定是在第二确定之前进行的,或者反之亦然,等等。
还可以在分布式计算环境中实践本文实施例的图示实施例,该环境中某些任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以既位于本地存储器存储设备中又位于远程存储器存储设备中。
计算设备通常包括各种介质,其可以包括计算机可读存储介质和/或通信介质,在本文如下彼此不同地使用这两个术语。计算机可读存储介质可以是可由计算机访问的任何可用的存储介质,并且包括易失性介质和非易失性介质两者、可移动介质和不可移动介质两者。作为示例而非限制,可以结合用于存储信息(诸如,计算机可读指令、程序模块、结构化数据或非结构化数据)的任何方法或技术来实现计算机可读存储介质。
计算机可读存储介质可以包括但不限于随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其它存储器技术、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字通用盘(DVD)或其它光盘存储器、磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储器或其它磁性存储设备或其它可以被用来存储期望信息的有形介质和/或非临时性介质。在这方面,当在本文被应用到存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质时,术语“有形”或“非临时性”应当被应理解为排除本身作为修改器(modifier)仅仅传播临时性信号并且不放弃对所有本身不仅传播临时性信号的标准存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的权利。
计算机可读存储介质可以由一个或多个本地或远程计算设备访问,例如,经由对于关于由该介质存储的信息的各种操作的访问请求、查询或其它数据检索协议。
通信介质通常在数据信号(诸如,调制的数据信号(例如,载波或其它运输机制))中体现计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它结构化或非结构化数据,并且包括任何信息传递或传输介质。术语“调制的数据信号”或信号是指以在一个或多个信号中编码信息的方式设置或改变该信号一个或多个特性的信号。作为示例而非限制,通信介质包括有线介质(诸如,有线网络或直接连线连接),以及无线介质(诸如,声学、RF、红外和其它无线介质)。
尽管出于简化解释的目的,相应过程被示为和描述为图17中的一系列方框。但是应当理解和认识到的是,所要求保护的主题不受方框的顺序限制,因为一些方框可以以不同的顺序发生和/或与本文所绘出和描述的其他方框同时发生。此外,为了实现本文所描述的方法不是需要所有图示的方框。
再次参照图19,用于经由或形成基站(例如,基站设备102、104或520)的至少一部分传输和接收信号的示例环境1900。示例环境1900的至少一部分也可以用于中继器设备(例如,中继器设备710或806)。示例环境可以包括计算机1902、计算机1902包括处理单元1904、系统存储器1906和系统总线1908。系统总线1908将包括但不限于系统存储器1906的系统部件耦合到处理单元1904。处理单元1904可以是各种市售的处理器中的任何一种。也可以采用双微处理器和其它多处理器体系架构作为处理单元1904。
系统总线1908可以是多种类型的总线结构中的任意一种,其可以进一步利用各种市售总线体系架构中的任意一种互连到存储器总线(具有或不具有存储器控制器)、外围总线和局部总线。系统存储器1906包括ROM 1910和RAM 1912。基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)可以存储在非易失性存储器(诸如,ROM、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、EEPROM)中,该BIOS包含帮助诸如在启动期间在计算机1902内的元件之间传送信息的基本例程。RAM 1912还可以包括高速RAM,诸如用于高速缓存数据的静态RAM。
计算机1902还包括内部硬盘驱动器(HDD)1914(例如,EIDE、SATA),该内部硬盘驱动器1914还可以被配置成用于在合适的机箱(未示出)、磁性软盘驱动器(FDD)1916(例如,为了从可移动磁盘1918读取或向其写入)和光盘驱动器1920(例如,读取CD-ROM盘1922,或者从诸如DVD的其它高容量光学介质读取或向其写入)中外部使用。硬盘驱动器1914、磁盘驱动器1916和光盘驱动器1920可以分别通过硬盘驱动器接口1924、磁盘驱动器接口1926和光盘驱动器接口1928连接到系统总线1908。用于外部驱动器实现的接口1924包括通用串行总线(USB)以及电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)1394接口技术中的至少一个或两者。其它外部驱动器连接技术在本文所述实施例的预期内。
驱动器及其相关联的计算机可读存储介质提供数据、数据结构、计算机可执行指令等的非易失性存储。对于计算机1902,驱动器和存储介质以合适的数字格式容纳任何数据的存储。虽然上面的计算机可读存储介质的描述涉及硬盘驱动器(HDD)、可移动磁盘和诸如CD或DVD的可移动光学介质,但是本领域技术人员应当认识到的是,也可以在示例操作环境中使用其它类型的计算机可读的存储介质(诸如,zip驱动器、磁带盒、闪存卡、盒式磁带等),另外,任何此类存储介质都可以包含用于执行本文所述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
数个程序模块可以存储在驱动器和RAM 1912中,所述程序模块包括操作系统1930、一个或多个应用程序1932、其它程序模块1934和程序数据1936。操作系统、应用程序、模块和/或数据的全部或部分也可以被高速缓存在RAM 1912中。可以利用各种市售的操作系统或操作系统的组合来实现本文所述的系统和方法。可以由处理单元1904实现和以其它方式执行的应用程序1932的示例包括由中继器设备806执行的分集选择确定。图5中所示的通信接口501也在存储器上存储可以由这个示例性计算环境1900中的处理单元1904执行的许多应用和程序。
用户可以通过一个或多个有线/无线输入设备(例如,键盘1938和诸如鼠标1940的定点设备)将命令和信息输入到计算机1902中。其它输入设备(未示出)可以包括麦克风、红外(IR)遥控器、操纵杆、游戏板、触控笔、触摸屏等。这些和其它输入设备常常通过可以耦合到系统总线1908的输入设备接口1942连接到处理单元1904,但是可以通过其它接口连接,诸如并行端口、IEEE 1394串行端口、游戏端口、通用串行总线(USB)端口、IR接口等。
监视器1944或其它类型的显示设备也可以经由接口(诸如,视频适配器1946)连接到系统总线1908。还将认识到的是,在替代实施例中,监视器1944还可以是用于经由任何通信手段(包括经由互联网和基于云的网络)接收与计算机1902相关联的显示信息的任何显示设备(例如,具有显示器的另一个计算机、智能电话、平板计算机等)。除了监视器1944之外,计算机通常还包括其它外围输出设备(未示出),诸如扬声器、打印机等。
计算机1902可以使用经由到一个或多个远程计算机(诸如,(一个或多个)远程计算机1948)的有线和/或无线通信的逻辑连接在联网环境中操作。(一个或多个)远程计算机1948可以是工作站、服务器计算机、路由器、个人计算机、便携式计算机、基于微处理器的娱乐设备、对等设备或其它公共网络节点,并且通常包括相对于计算机1902描述的许多或全部元件,但是为了简洁,仅图示存储器/存储设备1950。所绘出的逻辑连接包括到局域网(LAN)1952和/或更大的网络(例如,广域网(WAN)1954)的有线/无线连接。这种LAN和WAN联网环境在办公室和公司中是常见的,并且促进企业范围的计算机网络(诸如,内联网),所有这些都可以连接到全球通信网络,例如互联网。
当在LAN联网环境中使用时,计算机1902可以通过有线和/或无线通信网络接口或适配器1956连接到本地网络1952。适配器1956可以促进到LAN 1952的有线或无线通信,该LAN 1952还可以包括部署在其上的用于与无线适配器1956通信的无线AP。
当在WAN联网环境中使用时,计算机1902可以包括调制解调器1958或者可以连接到WAN 1954上的通信服务器,或者具有用于经WAN 1954建立通信的其它手段,诸如通过互联网。可以是内部或外部以及有线或无线设备的调制解调器1958可以经由输入设备接口1942连接到系统总线1908。在联网环境中,相对于计算机1902或其部分绘出的程序模块可以存储在远程存储器/存储设备1950中。应当认识到的是,所示出的网络连接是示例并且可以使用在计算机之间建立通信链路的其它手段。
计算机1902可以是可操作的以与部署在无线通信中的任何无线设备或实体通信,所述无线设备或实体例如打印机、扫描仪、桌面计算机和/或便携式计算机、便携式数据助理、通信卫星、与无线可检测标签相关联的任何装备或位置(例如,信息站、报摊、洗手间)以及电话。这可以包括无线保真(Wi-Fi)和无线技术。因此,通信可以是与常规网络一样的预定义结构或者只是至少两个设备之间的自组织(ad hoc)通信。
Wi-Fi可以允许从家里的沙发、酒店房间的床上或者工作会议室连接到互联网的连接而无需导线。Wi-Fi是类似于在手机中使用的无线技术,使得这种设备(例如,计算机)在基站范围内的任何地方在室内和室外发送和接收数据。Wi-Fi网络使用被称为IEEE802.11(a,b,g,n,ac等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接性。Wi-Fi网络可以用于将计算机连接到彼此、连接到互联网以及连接到(可以使用IEEE 802.3或以太网的)有线网络。Wi-Fi网络例如在无许可的2.4GHz和5GHz无线电频带内,或与具有包含这两个频带(双频带)的产品操作,使得网络可以提供类似于在许多办公室使用的基本10BaseT有线以太网网络的实际性能。
图20给出了可以实现和利用本文所述的所公开主题的一个或多个方面的移动网络平台2010的示例实施例2000。在一种或多种实施例中,移动网络平台2010可以生成和接收由与所公开主题相关联的基站(例如,基站设备102、104或520)或中继器设备(例如,中继器设备710、或806)传输和接收的信号。一般而言,无线网络平台2010可以包括部件(例如,节点、网关、接口、服务器或完全不同的平台),该部件促进分组交换(PS)(例如,互联网协议(IP)、帧中继、异步传送模式(ATM))和电路交换(CS)流量(例如,语音和数据)两者,以及控制用于联网无线电信的生成。作为非限制性示例,无线网络平台2010可以被包括在电信运营商网络中,并且如本文其它地方所讨论的那样可以被认为是运营商侧的部件。移动网络平台2010包括(一个或多个)CS网关节点2012,该CS网关节点2012可以对接从如同(一个或多个)电话网络2040(例如,公共交换电话网(PSTN)或公共陆地移动网(PLMN))的传统网络或从信令系统#7(SS7)网络2070接收到的CS流量。(一个或多个)电路交换网关节点2012可以授权并认证从这种网络产生的流量(例如,语音)。此外,(一个或多个)CS网关节点2012可以访问通过SS7网络2070生成的移动性,或漫游,数据;例如,存储在被访问位置寄存器(VLR)中的移动性数据,该数据可以驻留在存储器2030中。而且,(一个或多个)CS网关节点2012对接基于CS的流量和信令以及(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018。作为示例,在3GPP UMTS网络中,可以至少部分地在(一个或多个)网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)中实现(一个或多个)CS网关节点2012。应当认识到的是,由用于电信的移动网络平台2010所利用的(一种或多种)无线电技术提供和规定(一个或多个)CS网关节点2012、(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018和(一个或多个)服务节点2016的功能和具体操作。
除了接收和处理CS交换流量和信令,(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018还可以授权并认证与被服务的移动设备的基于PS的数据会话。数据会话可包括与无线网络平台2010外部的网络交换的流量或(一个或多个)内容,所述网络如同(一个或多个)广域网(WAN)2050、(一个或多个)企业网2070以及(一个或多个)服务网络2080,该服务网络2080可以在(一个或多个)局域网(WAN)中体现,也可以通过(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018与无线网络平台2010对接。应当注意的是,WAN 2050和(一个或多个)企业网1160可以至少部分地体现如同IP多媒体子系统(IMS)的(一个或多个)服务网络。基于在(一个或多个)技术资源2017中可用的(一个或多个)无线电技术层,(一个或多个)分组交换网关节点2018可以在数据会话被建立时生成分组数据协议上下文;也可以生成促进分组数据的路由的其它数据结构。为此,在一方面,(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018可以包括隧道接口(例如,(一个或多个)3GPPUMTS网络中的隧道终止网关(TTG)(未示出)),该隧道接口可以促进与(一个或多个)完全不同的无线网络(诸如Wi-Fi网络)的分组化通信。
在实施例2000中,无线网络平台2010还包括(一个或多个)服务节点2016,所述服务节点基于(一个或多个)技术资源2017内可用的(一个或多个)无线电技术层,传送通过(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018接收的数据流的各种分组化流。应当注意的是,对于主要依赖于CS通信的(一个或多个)技术资源2017,(一个或多个)服务器节点可以在不依赖(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018的情况下传递流量;例如,(一个或多个)服务器节点可以至少部分地体现移动交换中心。作为示例,在3GPP UMTS网络中,(一个或多个)服务节点2016可以体现在(一个或多个)服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)中。
对于采用分组化通信的无线电技术,无线网络平台2010中的(一个或多个)服务器2014可以执行众多应用,这些应用可以生成若干完全不同的分组化数据流,并且所述服务器2014管理(例如,调度、排队,格式化...)这种流。(一个或多个)这种应用可以包括对由无线网络平台2010提供的标准服务(例如,供应、计费、客户支持...)的附加特征。数据流(例如,语音或数据会话的一部分的(一个或多个)内容)可以被传送到(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018,用于数据会话的授权/认证和启动,并且可以被传送到(一个或多个)服务节点2016,用于其后的通信。除了应用服务器之外,(一个或多个)服务器2014还可以包括(一个或多个)公用服务器(utility server),公用服务器可以包括供应服务器、操作和维护服务器、可以至少部分地实现证书机构和防火墙以及其它安全机制的安全服务器,等等。在一方面,(一个或多个)安全服务器保护通过无线网络平台2010服务的通信,以在除了(一个或多个)CS网关节点2012和(一个或多个)PS网关节点2018可以制定的授权和认证程序之外,还确保网络的操作和数据完整性。而且,(一个或多个)供应服务器可以供应来自(一个或多个)外部网络(如同由完全不同的服务提供商运营的网络)的服务;例如,WAN 2050或(一个或多个)全球定位系统(GPS)网络(未示出)。(一个或多个)供应服务器还可以通过关联到无线网络平台2010(例如,由相同的服务提供商部署和运营)的网络供应覆盖,诸如图1中所示的通过提供更多网络覆盖来增强无线服务覆盖的分布式天线网络。诸如图7、8和9中所示那些的中继器设备也改善网络覆盖,以便增强通过UE 2075的订户服务体验。
应当注意的是,(一个或多个)服务器2014可以包括被配置成至少部分地具有(confer)宏网络平台2010的功能的一个或多个处理器。为此,例如,一个或多个处理器可以执行存储在存储器2030中的代码指令。应当认识到的是,(一个或多个)服务器2014可以包括内容管理器2015,该内容管理器2015以基本上与前文所述相同的方式操作。
在示例实施例2000中,存储器2030可以存储关于无线网络平台2010的操作的信息。其它操作信息可以包括通过无线网络平台2010被服务的移动设备的供应信息、订户数据库;应用智能、定价方案,例如促销价格、统一费率方案、优惠券活动;与用于完全不同的无线电或无线技术层的操作的电信协议一致的(一个或多个)技术规范;等等。存储器2030还可以存储来自(一个或多个)电话网络2040、WAN 2050、(一个或多个)企业网2060或者SS7网络2070当中至少一个的信息。在一方面,可以例如作为数据存储部件或作为远程连接的存储器存储的一部分访问存储器2030。
为了提供用于所公开主题的各方面的上下文,图20和以下讨论旨在提供对其中可以实现所公开主题的合适环境的简要的一般描述。虽然以上已经在可以在一个和/或多个计算机上运行的计算机程序的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了本主题,但是本领域技术人员将认识到的是,也可以结合其它程序模块来实现所公开的主题。一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务和/或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、部件、数据结构,等等。
图21绘出通信设备2100的说明性实施例。通信设备2100可以作为设备(诸如,由本主题公开(例如,在图1和14中)所参考的移动设备和建筑内设备)的说明性实施例。
通信设备2100可以包括有线和/或无线收发器2102(本文的收发器2102)、用户界面(UI)2104、电源2114、位置接收器2116、运动传感器2118、朝向传感器2120、以及用于管理其操作的控制器2106。收发器2102可以支持短距离或远程无线接入技术,诸如WiFi、DECT或蜂窝通信技术,等等(和是分别由特别兴趣小组和联盟注册的注册商标)。蜂窝技术可以包括例如CDMA-1X、UMTS/HSDPA、GSM/GPRS、TDMA/EDGE、EV/DO、WiMAX、SDR、LTE以及当其出现时的其它下一代无线通信技术。收发器2102还可以适于支持电路交换有线接入技术(诸如,PSTN)、分组交换有线接入技术(诸如,TCP/IP、VoIP等)及其组合。
UI 2104可以包括具有导航机构(诸如,滚球、操纵杆、鼠标或用于操纵通信设备2100的操作的导航盘)的可按压或触摸敏感的小键盘2108。小键盘2108可以是通信设备2100的外壳组件的组成部分或通过系留有线接口(诸如,USB电缆)或支持例如的无线接口可操作地耦合到通信设备2100的独立设备。小键盘2108可以表示通常由电话使用的数字小键盘和/或具有字母数字键的QWERTY键盘。UI 2104还可以包括显示器2110,诸如黑白或彩色LCD(液晶显示器)、OLED(有机发光二极管)或用于将图像传送到通信设备2100的终端用户的其它合适的显示器技术。在其中显示器2110是触摸敏感的实施例中,可以通过具有导航特征的显示器2110来呈现小键盘2108的一部分或全部。
显示器2110可以使用触摸屏技术以还作为用于检测用户输入的用户界面。作为触摸屏显示器,通信设备2100可以适于呈现具有可以由用户用手指的触摸来选择的图形用户界面(GUI)元素的用户界面。触摸屏显示器2110可以装备有电容式、电阻式或其它形式的感测技术,以检测用户手指的表面积有多少已经放置在触摸屏显示器的一部分上。该感测信息可以用于控制操纵GUI元素或用户界面的其它功能。显示器2110可以是通信设备2100的外壳组件的组成部分,或者是通过系留有线接口(诸如,电缆)或无线接口通信地耦合到通信设备2100的独立设备。
UI 2104还可以包括音频系统2112,其利用用于传送低音量音频(诸如,在人耳附近听到的音频)和大音量音频(诸如,用于免提操作的扬声器)的音频技术。音频系统2112还可以包括用于接收终端用户的可听信号的麦克风。音频系统2112还可以用于语音识别应用。UI 2104还可以包括图像传感器2113,诸如用于捕获静止或移动图像的电荷耦合器件(CCD)相机。
电源2114可以利用用于向通信设备2100的部件提供能量以促进远程或短距离便携式通信的公共电力管理技术(诸如,可更换和可再充电电池)、供应调节技术和/或充电系统技术。可替代地或组合地,充电系统可以利用外部电源,诸如通过物理接口(诸如,USB端口)或其它合适的系留技术提供的DC电力。
位置接收器2116可以利用位置技术,诸如能够辅助GPS用于基于由GPS卫星的星座图生成的信号来识别通信设备2100的位置的全球定位系统(GPS)接收器,该全球定位系统接收器可以用于促进诸如导航的位置服务。运动传感器2118可以利用运动感测技术(诸如,加速度计、陀螺仪或其它合适的运动感测技术)来检测通信设备2100在三维空间中的运动。朝向传感器2120可以利用朝向感测技术(诸如,磁力计)来检测通信设备2100的朝向(北、南、西和东,以及以度、分或其它合适的朝向度量的组合朝向)。
通信设备2100还可以使用收发器2102通过感测技术(诸如,利用接收信号强度指示(RSSI)和/或信号时间到达(TOA)或飞行时间(TOF)测量)确定与蜂窝、WiFi、或其它无线接入点的接近度。控制器2106可以利用计算技术(诸如,具有相关联的存储存储器(诸如,闪存、ROM、RAM、SRAM、DRAM或其它存储技术)的微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程门阵列、专用集成电路和/或视频处理器),用于执行由通信设备2100的上述部件提供的计算机指令、控制和处理由通信设备2100的上述部件提供的数据。
可以在本主题公开的一种或多种实施例中使用图21中未示出的其它部件。例如,通信设备2100可以包括用于添加或去除身份模块(诸如,订户身份模块(SIM)卡或通用集成电路卡(UICC))的槽。SIM或UICC卡可以用于识别订户服务、执行程序、存储订户数据,等等。
在本说明书,诸如“存储”、“存储装置”、“数据存储”、“数据存储装置”、“数据库”的术语以及基本上任何其它与部件的操作和功能相关的信息存储部件都是指“存储器部件”,或者体现在“存储器”或包含存储器的部件中的实体。应当认识到的是,本文所述的存储器部件可以或者是易失性存储器或者是非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器两者,作为说明而非限制,易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、盘存储装置和存储器存储装置。另外,非易失性存储器可以包括在只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除ROM(EEPROM)或闪存中。易失性存储器可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM),作为外部高速缓存存储器。作为说明而非限制,RAM以许多形式可用,诸如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双倍数据速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)和直接Rambus RAM(DRRAM)。此外,本文所公开的系统或方法的存储器部件旨在包括但不限于包括这些和任何其它合适类型的存储器。
而且,应当注意的是,可以利用其它计算机系统配置来实践所公开的主题,所述其它计算机系统配置包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、微型计算设备、大型计算机,以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备(例如,PDA、电话、手表、平板电脑、上网本电脑、等等),基于微处理器的或可编程的消费者或工业电子产品,等等。也可以在分布式计算环境中实践所说明的各方面,在分布式计算环境中由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行任务;但是,本公开的各方面就算不是全部也至少有一些可以在独立的计算机上实践。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储设备两者中。
本文描述的一些实施例还可以采用人工智能(AI)来促进自动化本文所述的一个或多个特征。例如,可以使用人工智能来确定导线周围应当放置介电波导604和606的位置,以便最大化转移效率。实施例(例如,与在添加到现有通信网络之后自动识别所获取的提供最大化价值/利益的小区站点相关)可以采用各种基于AI的方案用于执行其各种实施例。而且,可以采用分类器来确定所获取的网络的每一个小区站点的排名或优先级。分类器是将输入属性向量x=(x1,x2,x3,x4,...,xn)映射到该输入属于类的置信度的函数,即f(x)=置信度(类)。这种分类可以采用基于概率和/或基于统计的分析(例如,分解成分析效用和成本)来预测或推断用户期望自动执行的动作。支持向量机(SVM)是可以被采用的分类器的一个示例。SVM通过找出可能输入的空间中的超曲面来操作,该超曲面试图分离触发标准与非触发事件。直观地,这使得分类对于接近但与训练数据不完全相同的测试数据是正确的。假定可以采用不同的独立性模式,其它直接和间接模型分类方法包括,例如朴素贝叶斯、贝叶斯网络、决策树、神经网络、模糊逻辑模型和概率分类模型。如本文使用的分类还包括被用来开发优先级模型的统计回归。
如将容易认识到的,一种或多种实施例可以采用经过显式训练(例如,经由一般训练数据)以及隐式训练(例如,经由观察UE行为、运营商偏好、历史信息、接收外来信息)的分类器。例如,可以经由分类器构造器和特征选择模块中的学习或训练阶段来配置SVM。因此,(一个或多个)分类器可以被用来自动学习和执行数个功能,包括但不限于根据预定标准确定所获取的小区站点中哪个将有利于最大数量的订户和/或所获取的小区站点中哪个将向现有的通信网络覆盖添加最小价值,等等。
如在本申请中在一些上下文中所使用的,在一些实施例中,术语“部件”,“系统”等旨在指的是,或者包括,与计算机相关的实体或者与具有一个或多个具体功能的操作装置相关的实体,其中实体可以是硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件或者执行中的软件中的一个。作为示例,部件可以是但不限于,在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行程序、执行线程、计算机可执行的指令、程序和/或计算机。作为说明而非限制,在服务器上运行的应用和服务器都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可以驻留在执行的进程和/或线程内,并且部件可以在一个计算机上本地化和/或在两个或更多个计算机之间分布。此外,这些部件可以从其上存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。这些部件可以经由本地和/或远程进程来通信,诸如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如,来自与在本地系统、分布式系统中和/或经由信号跨诸如互联网的网络在其它系统中的另一个部件交互的一个部件的数据)的信号。作为另一个示例,部件可以是具有由电或电子电路操作的机械零件提供的具体功能的装置,该电子电路由处理器执行的软件或固件应用操作,其中处理器可以在装置的内部或外部并且执行软件或固件应用的至少一部分。作为再另一个示例,部件可以是通过没有机械零件的电子部件提供具体功能的装置,该电子部件可以在其中包括处理器,以执行至少部分地具有电子部件功能的软件或固件。虽然各种部件被图示为单独的部件,但是应当认识到的是,在不背离示例实施例的情况下,若干部件可以被实现为单个部件,或者单个部件可以被实现为若干部件。
另外,可以使用标准的编程和/或工程技术将各种实施例实现为方法,装置或制品,以产生软件、固件、硬件或其任何组合来控制计算机实现所公开的主题。如本文所使用的,术语“制品”旨在涵盖可从任何计算机可读设备或计算机可读存储/通信介质访问的计算机程序。例如,计算机可读存储介质可以包括但不限于,磁存储设备(例如,硬盘、软盘、磁条)、光盘(例如,压缩盘(CD)、数字多功能盘(DVD))、智能卡和闪存设备(例如,卡、棒、键驱动器)。当然,本领域技术人员将认识到的是,在不背离各种实施例的范围或精神的情况下,可以对这种配置做出许多修改。
此外,词语“示例”和“示例性”在本文中被用来指作为实例或说明。本文被描述为“示例”或“示例性”的任何实施例或设计并不一定要被解释为优于或胜过其它实施例或设计。相反,词语示例或示例性的使用旨在以具体的方式呈现概念。如在本申请中所使用的,术语“或”旨在指包含性的“或”而不是排他性的“或”。即,除非其他方式指定或从上下文可以清楚得知,否则“X采用A或B”旨在指任何自然的包含性排列。即,如果X采用A;X采用B;或者X采用A和B二者,那么“X采用A或B”在任何以上情况下都满足。此外,如在本申请和所附权利要求书中所使用的,除非其他方式指定或从上下文清楚得知是针对单数形式,否则冠词“一”和“一个”应当一般性地被解释为指“一个或多个”。
而且,诸如“用户装备”、“移动站”、“移动电话”、“订户站”、“接入终端”、“终端”、“手持机”、“移动设备”(和/或表示类似术语)的术语可以指被无线通信服务的订户或用户利用以接收或传送数据、控制、语音、视频、声音、游戏或基本上任何数据流或信令流的无线设备。前述术语在本文可互换地利用并且可互换地参照相关的附图。
此外,贯穿全文可以互换采用术语“用户”、“订户”、“客户”、“消费者”等,除非上下文保证这些术语之间的特定区分。应当认识到的是,这种术语可以指人类实体或者通过人工智能支持的自动化部件(例如,至少基于复杂的数学形式体系做出推论的能力),该自动化部件可以提供模拟视觉、声音识别等。
如在本文所采用的,术语“处理器”可以指基本上任何计算处理单元或设备,包括但不限于包括,单核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的单处理器;多核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的多核处理器;具有硬件多线程技术的多核处理器;并行平台;以及具有分布式共享存储器的并行平台。此外,处理器可以指被设计为执行本文所述功能的集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件部件或者其任意组合。处理器可以利用纳米级体系架构,诸如但不限于,基于分子和量子点的晶体管、开关和门,以便优化空间使用或增强用户装备的性能。处理器还可以被实现为计算处理单元的组合。
如在本文所使用的,诸如“数据存储装置”、“数据库”的术语以及基本上任何其它与部件的操作和功能相关的信息存储部件都是指“存储器部件”,或者在“存储器”或包括存储器的部件中体现的实体。应当认识到的是,本文所述的存储器部件或计算机可读存储介质可以或者是易失性存储器或者是非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器两者。
以上所描述的仅仅包括各种实施例的示例。当然,不可能为了描述这些实施例而描述部件或方法的每一个可以想到的组合,但本领域普通技术人员可以认识到的是,给出的实施例的许多进一步的组合和排列都是可能的。因此,所公开和/或本文要求保护的实施例旨在涵盖属于所附权利要求的精神和范围之内的所有此类更改、修改和变化。此外,就术语“包括(includes)”在具体描述或权利要求中被使用的范围而言,这种术语旨在以类似于术语“包括(comprising)”的方式是包含性的,如同当“包括”在权利要求中作为过渡词被采用时所解释的那样。
虽然本文已经图示和描述了具体实施例,但是应当认识到的是,实现相同或相似目的的任何布置可以代替本主题公开所描述或示出的实施例。本主题公开旨在涵盖各种实施例的任何和所有适配或变化。可以在本主题公开中使用上述实施例和本文未具体描述的其它实施例的组合。例如,来自一种或多种实施例的一个或多个特征可以与一种或多种其它实施例的一个或多个特征组合。在一种或多种实施例中,肯定阐述的特征也可以被否定地阐述,并且在有或没有被另一个结构和/或功能特征替代的情况下被排除在实施例之外。关于本主题公开的实施例描述的步骤或功能可以以任何顺序执行。关于本主题公开的实施例描述的步骤或功能可以单独执行,或者与本主题公开的其它步骤或功能以及来自其它实施例或来自本主题公开中未描述的其它步骤组合执行。此外,也可以利用超过或少于关于实施例所描述的所有特征。
Claims (15)
1.一种装置,所述装置包括:
波导,其中相对于促进将电能传递到设备的电网的导线定位波导,并且其中波导促进沿着导线表面传播的电磁波的传输或接收;以及
传感器,所述传感器促进感测对以下中的一个不利的状况:与电磁波的传输或接收相关联的波导的操作,或者沿着导线表面传播的电磁波的传输或接收。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述传感器促进感测以下中的一个:在导线表面上传播的电磁波的反射、导线上的温度变化、导线中的电能损失、导线上的电磁噪声、由导线发射的电晕、导线表面上的振动、导线与另一个导线之间有缺陷的接头、导线上的腐蚀、耦合到导线对在导线表面上传播的电磁波的传输或接收产生不利影响的电网设备、或导线附近的天气状况。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述传感器促进由波导传输测试信号,以检测导线上对在导线表面上传播的电磁波的传输或接收产生不利影响的干扰源。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述传感器促进根据由传感器经由波导接收到的来自干扰源的测试信号的反射来识别干扰源在导线上的位置。
5.如权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述传感器通过将由传感器接收到的测试信号的电磁波反射与简档进行比较来促进识别干扰源,其中所述简档包括源自影响在导线表面上传播的电磁波的传输或接收的干扰源类型的测试信号的电磁波反射的类型模型。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述传感器促进在导线附近收集图像。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述传感器促进预测对以下中的一个产生不利影响的事件:波导、在导线表面上传播的电磁波的传输或接收、或者作为在其表面上传播的电磁波的传输介质的导线。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括耦合到所述传感器的通信接口,所述通信接口促进将感测数据传输到网络元件以报告波导附近的状况。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置,其中所述网络元件包括无线设备,并且其中所述通信接口还促进传输以下中的一个:与状况相关联的识别信息、与状况相关联的第一位置坐标、或与波导相关联的第二位置坐标,并且其中所述装置还包括促进生成第二位置坐标的位置检测器。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括促进管理提供给传感器的电力的能量管理系统,其中所述能量管理系统包括为传感器提供备用能量的备用电池,其中所述备用电池包括电池单元或电容器中的一个,并且其中所述能量管理系统促进通过电耦合到导线、通过感应耦合到导线从导线获得能量、通过太阳能或动能获得能量。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述电网由独立于管理装置的通信服务公司运营的电力公共事业公司管理。
12.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括耦合到波导和传感器的处理器,其中所述处理器促进处理来自传感器的感测数据,以及控制沿着导线表面传播的电磁波的传输或接收。
13.一种方法,所述方法包括:
通过包括波导和传感器的装置传输沿着导线表面传播的促进将电能传递到设备的电磁波;以及
通过传感器感测对沿着表面传播的电磁波不利的状况。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,还包括报告由所述装置感测到的状况。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述导线是电力公共事业公司的电网的一部分,并且其中所述传感器促进感测以下中的一个:沿着导线表面传播的电磁波的反射、导线上的温度变化、导线中的电能损失、导线上的电磁噪声、由导线发射的电晕、导线表面上的振动、导线与另一个导线之间有缺陷的接头、导线上的腐蚀、耦合到导线对沿着导线表面传播的电磁波产生不利影响的电网设备、或导线附近的天气状况。
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CN110165354A (zh) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-23 | 彭小玲 | 一种基于5g信号传输的天线 |
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KR101955181B1 (ko) | 2019-05-30 |
CA2961170A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
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WO2016043948A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
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JP2019083569A (ja) | 2019-05-30 |
EP3195410B1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
CA2961170C (en) | 2019-03-05 |
US20180123641A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
US20170353216A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
KR20170055528A (ko) | 2017-05-19 |
JP6479991B2 (ja) | 2019-03-06 |
KR20190025054A (ko) | 2019-03-08 |
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US9755697B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
US10224980B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
US20190222261A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
MX366638B (es) | 2019-07-17 |
CN107077779B (zh) | 2020-09-18 |
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