CN107810608A - 中继器以及与其一起用于表面波电力线通信的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本主题公开的方面可以包括例如中继器设备,其具有第一耦合器以从被绑定到导波通信系统的传输介质的第一导行电磁波提取下游信道信号。放大器对下游信道信号进行放大以生成放大后的下游信道信号。信道选择滤波器选择放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个以经由天线无线地发送到至少一个客户端设备。第二耦合器将放大后的下游信道信号引导至导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第二导行电磁波传播。公开了其它实施例。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2015年6月11日提交的美国专利申请序列No.14/736,306的优先权。上述申请的内容通过引用被结合到本申请中,如同在本文中全文阐述一样。
技术领域
本主题公开涉及经由通信网络中的微波传输的通信。
背景技术
随着智能电话和其它便携式设备日益变得普遍存在并且数据使用增加,宏小区基站设备和现有的无线基础设施进而需要更高的带宽能力,以便解决增加的需求。为了提供额外的移动带宽,正在寻求小小区部署,其中微小区和微微小区提供比传统宏小区小得多的区域的覆盖。
此外,大多数家庭和企业已经成长为依赖于宽带数据接入用于诸如语音、视频和互联网浏览等服务。宽带接入网络包括卫星、4G或5G无线、电力线通信、光纤、电缆和电话网络。
附图说明
现在将参考附图,附图不一定按比例绘制,并且其中:
图1是图示根据本文所述各个方面的导波通信系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图2是图示根据本文所述各个方面的传输设备的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图3是图示根据本文所述各个方面的电磁场分布的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图。
图4是图示根据本文所述各个方面的电磁场分布的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图。
图5A是图示根据本文所述各个方面的频率响应的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图。
图5B是图示根据本文所述各个方面的绝缘线的纵向横截面的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图,其描绘了在各种操作频率下的导行电磁波的场。
图6是图示根据本文所述各个方面的电磁场分布的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图。
图7是图示根据本文所述各个方面的电弧耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图8是图示根据本文所述各个方面的电弧耦合器(arc coupler)的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图9A是图示根据本文所述各个方面的截线耦合器(stub coupler)的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图9B是图示根据本文所述各个方面的电磁分布的示例、非限制性实施例的图。
图10A和图10B是图示根据本文所述各个方面的耦合器和收发器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图11是图示根据本文所述各个方面的双截线耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图12是图示根据本文所述各个方面的中继器系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图13图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的双向中继器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图14是图示根据本文所述各个方面的波导系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图15是图示根据本文所述各个方面的导波通信系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图16A和图16B是图示根据本文所述各个方面的用于管理电网通信系统的系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图17A图示了用于检测和减轻在图16A和图16B的系统的通信网络中发生的干扰的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图17B图示了用于检测和减轻在图16A和图16B的系统的通信网络中发生的干扰的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图18A图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的通信系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图18B图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的网络终端(termination)的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图18C图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的频谱的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图。
图18D图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的频谱的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图。
图18E图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的主机节点设备的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图18F图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的下游数据流的示例、非限制性实施例的组合图和框图。
图18G图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的上游数据流的示例、非限制性实施例的组合图和框图。
图18H图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的客户端节点设备的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图19A图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的接入点中继器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图19B图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的微型中继器(mini-repeater)的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图19C图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的微型中继器的示例、非限制性实施例的组合图和框图。
图19D图示了图示根据本文所述各个方面的频谱的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图。
图20A-20D图示了根据本文所述各个方面的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图21是根据本文所述各个方面的计算环境的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图22是根据本文所述各个方面的移动网络平台的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图23是根据本文所述各个方面的通信设备的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图描述一种或多种实施例,其中相同的标号贯穿全文用于指代相同的元件。在以下描述中,为了解释的目的,阐述了许多细节,以便提供对各种实施例的透彻理解。但是,显然,各种实施例可以在没有这些细节(以及不应用到任何特定联网环境或标准)的情况下实现。
在实施例中,给出了用于经由导行电磁波发送和接收诸如数据或其它信令的通信信号的导波通信系统。导行电磁波包括例如被传输介质绑定或引导的表面波或其它电磁波。将认识到的是,在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,多种多样的传输介质可以与导波通信一起使用。这种传输介质的示例可以包括以下中的一种或多种(单独地或以一种或多种组合):导线,不论是否绝缘以及无论是单股还是多股;其它形状或构造的导体,包括导线束、电缆、杆、轨道、管道;非导体,诸如电介质管道、杆、轨道或其它电介质构件;导体和电介质材料的组合;或其它导波传输介质。
传输介质上导行电磁波的感生可以独立于作为电路的一部分通过传输介质被注入或以其它方式被传送的任何电势、电荷或电流。例如,在传输介质是导线的情况下,应该认识到的是,虽然可以响应于导波沿着导线的传播而在导线中形成小电流,但是这可能是由于电磁波沿着导线表面的传播导致的,而不是响应于作为电路的一部分注入到导线中的电势、电荷或电流而形成的。因此,在导线上行进的电磁波不需要电路来沿着导线表面传播。因此,导线是不作为电路的一部分的单导线传输线。而且,在一些实施例中,导线不是必需的,并且电磁波可以沿着不是导线的单线传输介质传播。
更一般而言,如本主题公开所描述的“导行电磁波”或“导波”受作为传输介质的至少一部分的物理对象(例如,裸线或其它导体、电介质、绝缘线、导管或其它中空元件、被电介质或绝缘体或其它导线束涂覆、覆盖或环绕的一束绝缘线、或另一种形式的固体、液体或以其它方式的非气体传输介质)的存在的影响,使得被至少部分地绑定到物理对象或由物理对象引导并且以便沿着物理对象的传输路径传播。这样的物理对象可以作为通过传输介质的界面(例如,外表面、内表面、外表面和内表面之间的内部部分或传输介质的元件之间的其它边界)引导导行电磁波的传播的传输介质的至少一部分来操作,其中导行电磁波又可以沿着从发送设备到接收设备的传输路径携带能量、数据和/或其它信号。
与强度反比例地降低由非导行电磁波行进的距离的平方的无线信号(诸如非导行(或非绑定)电磁波)的自由空间传播不同,导行电磁波可以沿着传输介质传播,比由非导行电磁波所经历的每单位距离的幅度损耗小。
与电信号不同,导行电磁波可以从发送设备传播到接收设备,而不需要发送设备和接收设备之间的单独的电气返回路径。因此,导行电磁波可以沿着不具有导电部件的传输介质(例如,电介质条)或者经由具有不超过单个导体的传输介质(例如,单个裸线或绝缘线)从发送设备传播到接收设备。即使传输介质包括一个或多个导电部件,并且沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波生成在一个或多个导电部件中在导行电磁波的方向流动的电流,这种导行电磁波也可以沿着传输介质从发送设备传播到接收设备,而无需在发送设备和接收设备之间的电气返回路径上的相反电流的流动。
在非限制性图示中,考虑通过导电介质在发送设备和接收设备之间传送和接收电信号的电气系统。这样的系统通常依赖于电气分离的正向路径和返回路径。例如,考虑具有由绝缘体隔开的中心导体和接地屏蔽的同轴电缆。通常,在电气系统中,发送(或接收)设备的第一端子可以连接到中心导体,并且发送(或接收)设备的第二端子可以连接到接地屏蔽。如果发送设备经由第一端子在中心导体中注入电信号,那么电信号将沿着中心导体传播,从而导致在中心导体中的正向电流,和在接地屏蔽中的返回电流。相同的条件适用于两端子接收设备。
作为对照,考虑诸如在本主题公开中描述的导波通信系统,其可以利用传输介质的不同实施例(包括同轴电缆等)用于在没有电气返回路径的情况下传送和接收导行电磁波。在一种实施例中,例如,本主题公开的导波通信系统可以被配置为感生沿着同轴电缆的外表面传播的导行电磁波。虽然导行电磁波将在接地屏蔽上导致正向电流,但是导行电磁波不需要返回电流来使得导行电磁波能够沿着同轴电缆的外表面传播。对于由导波通信系统使用用于传送和接收导行电磁波的其它传输介质也是如此。例如,由导波通信系统在裸线或绝缘线的外表面上感生的导行电磁波可以沿着裸线或绝缘裸线传播而无需电气返回路径。
因此,需要两个或更多个导体用于在单独的导体上携带正向和反向电流以使得能够传播由发送设备注入的电信号的电气系统与在传输介质的界面上感生导行电磁波而无需电气返回路径以使得能够沿着传输介质的界面传播导行电磁波的导波系统不同。
还应该注意的是,如本主题公开中所描述的导行电磁波可以具有主要或基本上位于传输介质外部的电磁场结构,以便被传输介质绑定或引导并且以便在传输介质的外表面上或沿着传输介质的外表面传播非平凡(non-trival)的距离。在其它实施例中,导行电磁波可以具有主要或基本上位于传输介质内部的电磁场结构,以便被传输介质绑定或引导并且以便在传输介质内传播非平凡的距离。在其它实施例中,导行电磁波可以具有部分位于传输介质内部和部分位于传输介质外部的电磁场结构,以便被传输介质绑定或引导并且以便沿着传输介质传播非平凡的距离。在一种实施例中,期望的电场结构可以基于多种多样的因素而变化,这些因素包括期望的传输距离、传输介质本身的特性以及传输介质外部的环境条件/特性(例如,雨、雾的存在、大气条件等)。
本文描述的各种实施例涉及耦合设备,其可以被称为“波导耦合设备”、“波导耦合器”或更简单地称为“耦合器”、“耦合设备”或“发射器(launcher)”,用于以毫米波频率(例如,30至300GHz)向传输介质发射和/或从传输介质提取导行电磁波,其中波长与耦合设备和/或传输介质的一个或多个尺寸(诸如,导线的圆周或其它横截面尺寸)相比可以小;或用于以较低的微波频率(诸如300MHz至30GHz)向传输介质发射和/或从传输介质提取导行电磁波。传输可以被生成为作为由耦合设备引导的波传播,耦合设备诸如:条带、电弧或其它长度的电介质材料;喇叭、单极、杆、槽或其它天线;天线阵列;磁谐振腔或其它谐振耦合器;线圈、带状线、波导或其它耦合设备。在操作中,耦合设备接收来自传送器或传输介质的电磁波。电磁波的电磁场结构可以在耦合设备的内部、耦合设备的外部或其某种组合中携带。当耦合设备与传输介质紧密接近时,电磁波的至少一部分耦合到或绑定到传输介质,并且继续作为导行电磁波传播。以互反(reciprocal)的方式,耦合设备可以从传输介质中提取导波并将这些电磁波传递到接收器。
根据示例实施例,表面波是由传输介质的表面引导的一种类型的导波,该表面诸如导线的外部或外表面,或者与具有不同属性(例如,介电属性)的另一种类型的介质相邻或暴露于其的导线的另一表面。实际上,在示例实施例中,引导表面波的导线的表面可以表示在两种不同类型的介质之间的过渡表面。例如,在裸露或非绝缘导线的情况下,导线的表面可以是暴露于空气或自由空间的裸露或非绝缘导线的外或外部导电表面。作为另一个示例,在绝缘导线的情况下,取决于绝缘体、空气和/或导体的属性(例如,介电属性)的相对差异并且还取决于导波的频率和一种或多种传播模式,导线的表面可以是与导线的绝缘体部分相遇的导线的导电部分,或者可以以其它方式是暴露于空气或自由空间的导线的绝缘体表面,或者可以以其它方式是在导线的绝缘体表面和与导线的绝缘体部分相遇的导线的导电部分之间的任何材料区域。
根据示例实施例,与导波结合使用的术语“围绕”导线或其它传输介质可以包括基本导波传播模式,诸如具有圆形或基本上圆形的场分布的导波、对称电磁场分布(例如,电场、磁场、电磁场等)或至少部分地围绕导线或其它传输介质的其它基本模式图案。此外,当导波“围绕”导线或其它传输介质传播时,它可以根据导波传播模式这样做,该导波传播模式不仅包括基波传播模式(例如,零阶模式)而且还附加地或替代地包括非基波传播模式,诸如高阶导波模式(例如,1阶模式、2阶模式等)、非对称模式和/或在导线或其它传输介质周围具有非圆形的场分布的其它导波(例如,表面波)。如本文所使用的,术语“导波模式”是指导波通信系统的传输介质、耦合设备或其它系统部件的导波传播模式。
例如,这种非圆形的场分布可以是单边的或多边的,具有特征在于相对较高的场强度的一个或多个轴向波瓣和/或特征在于相对低场强度、零场强度或基本上零场强度的一个或多个空值或空值区域。此外,根据示例实施例,场分布可以以其它方式作为在导线周围的方位角朝向的函数而变化,使得在导线周围的一个或多个角区域具有比方位角朝向的一个或多个其它角区域高的电场或磁场强度(或其组合)。将认识到的是,导波较高阶模式或非对称模式的相对朝向或位置可以随着导波沿着导线行进而变化。
如本文所使用的,术语“毫米波”可以指落入30GHz至300GHz的“毫米波频带”内的电磁波/信号。术语“微波”可以指落入300MHz至300GHz的“微波频带”内的电磁波/信号。术语“射频”或“RF”可以指落入10kHz至1THz的“无线电频带”内的电磁波/信号。应该认识到的是,如本主题公开中描述的无线信号、电信号和导行电磁波可以被配置为以任何期望的频率范围操作,诸如例如以在毫米波和/或微波频带内、之上或之下的频率。特别地,当耦合设备或传输介质包括导电元件时,由耦合设备携带和/或沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波的频率可以低于导电元件中的电子的平均碰撞频率。此外,由耦合设备携带和/或沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波的频率可以是非光学频率,例如,低于从1THz开始的光学频率范围的无线电频率。
如本文所使用的,术语“天线”可以指作为传送/辐射或接收无线信号的传送/接收系统的一部分的设备。
根据一种或多种实施例,网络终端包括网络接口,该网络接口被配置为从通信网络接收下游数据和将上游数据发送到通信网络。下游信道调制器将下游数据调制成与导波通信系统的下游频率信道对应的下游信道信号。主机接口将下游信道信号发送到导波通信系统并从导波通信系统接收与上游频率信道对应的上游信道信号。上游信道解调器将上游信道信号解调成上游数据。
根据一种或多种实施例,一种方法包括:从通信网络接收下游数据;将下游数据调制成与导波通信系统的下游频率信道对应的上游信道信号;经由有线连接将下游信道信号发送到导波通信系统;经由有线连接从导波通信系统接收与上游频率信道对应的上游信道信号;将上游信道信号解调成上游数据;以及将上游数据发送到通信网络。
根据一种或多种实施例,一种网络终端包括下游信道调制器,该调制器被配置为将下游数据调制成下游信道信号,以经由绑定到导波通信系统的传输介质的导行电磁波来运送下游数据。主机接口将下游信道信号发送到导波通信系统并从导波通信系统接收与上游频率信道对应的上游信道信号。上游信道解调器将上游信道信号解调成上游数据。
根据一种或多种实施例,主机节点设备包括被配置为经由导波通信系统通信的至少一个接入点中继器(APR)。终端接口从通信网络接收下游信道信号。第一信道双工器将下游信道信号传递到该至少一个APR。该至少一个APR在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为导行电磁波。
根据一种或多种实施例,一种方法包括:从通信网络接收下游信道信号;在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为导行电磁波;以及将下游信道信号无线地传送到至少一个客户端节点设备。
根据一种或多种实施例,主机节点设备包括终端接口,该终端接口被配置为从通信网络接收下游信道信号并将上游信道信号发送到通信网络。至少一个接入点中继器(APR)在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为导行电磁波,并且从导波通信系统提取上游信道信号的第一子集。无线电装置将下游信道信号无线地传送到至少一个客户端节点设备并且从该至少一个客户端节点设备无线地接收上游信道信号的第二子集。
根据一种或多种实施例,客户端节点设备包括被配置为从通信网络无线地接收下游信道信号的无线电装置。接入点中继器(APR)在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波,并将下游信道信号无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备。
根据一种或多种实施例,一种方法包括:从通信网络无线地接收下游信道信号;在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波;以及将下游信道信号无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备。
根据一种或多种实施例,一种客户端节点设备包括无线电装置,该无线电装置被配置为从通信网络无线地接收下游信道信号,并将第一上游信道信号和第二上游信道信号无线地传送到通信网络。接入点中继器(APR)在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波,从导波通信系统提取第一上游信道信号,将下游信道信号无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备,以及从通信网络无线地接收第二上游信道信号。
根据一种或多种实施例,一种中继器设备包括第一耦合器,该耦合器被配置为从绑定到导波通信系统的传输介质的第一导行电磁波提取下游信道信号。放大器放大下游信道信号以生成放大后的下游信道信号。信道选择滤波器选择放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个以经由天线无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备。第二耦合器将放大后的下游信道信号引导至导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第二导行电磁波传播。信道双工器将放大后的下游信道信号传递到耦合器和信道选择滤波器。
根据一种或多种实施例,一种方法包括:从绑定到导波通信系统的传输介质的第一导行电磁波提取下游信道信号;放大下游信道信号以生成放大后的下游信道信号;选择放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个以经由天线无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备;以及将放大后的下游信道信号引导至导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第二导行电磁波传播。
根据一种或多种实施例,一种中继器设备包括第一耦合器,该耦合器被配置为从绑定到导波通信系统的传输介质的第一导行电磁波中提取下游信道信号。放大器放大下游信道信号以生成放大后的下游信道信号。信道选择滤波器选择放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个以经由天线无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备。第二耦合器将放大后的下游信道信号引导至导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第二导行电磁波传播。
现在参考图1,其中示出了图示导波通信系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图100。在操作中,传输设备101从包括数据的通信网络或其它通信设备接收一个或多个通信信号110,并且生成导波120以经由传输介质125将数据运送到传输设备102。传输设备102接收导波120并将它们变频为包括用于传输到通信网络或其它通信设备的数据的通信信号112。导波120可以被调制以经由调制技术(诸如相移键控、频移键控、正交振幅调制、振幅调制、多载波调制(诸如正交频分复用))以及经由多址接入技术(诸如频分多路复用、时分多路复用、码分多路复用、经由不同波传播模式的多路复用,以及经由其它调制和多址接入策略)来运送数据。
通信网络可以包括无线通信网络,诸如移动数据网络、蜂窝语音和数据网络、无线局域网(例如,WiFi或802.xx网络)、卫星通信网络、个人区域网络或其它无线网络。通信网络还可以包括有线通信网络,诸如电话网络、以太网网络、局域网、诸如互联网的广域网、宽带接入网络、电缆网络、光纤网络或其它有线网络。通信设备可以包括网络边缘设备、桥接设备或家庭网关、机顶盒、宽带调制解调器、电话适配器、接入点、基站或其它固定通信设备、移动通信设备(诸如汽车网关或汽车、膝上型计算机、平板电脑、智能电话、蜂窝电话或其它通信设备)。
在示例实施例中,图100的导波通信系统可以以双向方式操作,其中传输设备102从包括其它数据的通信网络或设备接收一个或多个通信信号112并且生成导波122以经由传输介质125将其它数据运送到传输设备101。在这种操作模式中,传输设备101接收导波122并将它们变频为包括用于传输到通信网络或设备的其它数据的通信信号110。导波122可以被调制以经由调制技术(诸如相移键控、频移键控、正交振幅调制、振幅调制、多载波调制(诸如正交频分复用))以及经由多址接入技术(诸如频分多路复用、时分多路复用、码分多路复用、经由不同波传播模式的多路复用,以及经由其它调制和多址接入策略)来运送数据。
传输介质125可以包括具有由电介质材料(诸如绝缘体或其它电介质覆盖物、涂层或其它电介质材料)环绕的至少一个内部部分的电缆,电介质材料具有外表面和对应的圆周。在示例实施例中,传输介质125作为单导线传输线来操作以引导电磁波的传输。当传输介质125被实现为单导线传输系统时,它可以包括导线。导线可以是绝缘的或不绝缘的,并且可以是单股或多股(例如,编织的)。在其它实施例中,传输介质125可以包含其它形状或构造的导体,包括导线束、电缆、杆、导轨、管道。此外,传输介质125可以包括非导体,诸如电介质管、杆、轨道,或者其它电介质构件;导体和电介质材料的组合,没有电介质材料的导体或其它导波传输介质。应该注意的是,传输介质125可以以其它方式包括先前讨论的任何传输介质。
此外,如前面所讨论的,导波120和122可以与自由空间/空气中的无线电传输或经由电路通过导线的导体的电力或电信号的常规传播形成对照。除了导波120和122的传播之外,传输介质125可以可选地包含一条或多条导线,该导线以常规方式传播电力或其它通信信号作为一个或多个电路的一部分。
现在参考图2,其中示出了图示传输设备的示例、非限制性实施例的框图200。传输设备101或102包括通信接口(I/F)205、收发器210和耦合器220。
在操作的示例中,通信接口205接收包括数据的通信信号110或112。在各种实施例中,通信接口205可以包括用于根据无线标准协议来接收无线通信信号的无线接口,无线标准协议诸如LTE或其它蜂窝语音和数据协议、WiFi或802.11协议、WIMAX协议、超宽带协议、蓝牙协议、Zigbee协议、直接广播卫星(DBS)或者其它卫星通信协议或其它无线协议。附加地或替代地,通信接口205包括有线接口,该有线接口根据以太网协议、通用串行总线(USB)协议、电缆服务接口规范上的数据(DOCSIS)协议、数字订户线路(DSL)协议、火线(IEEE1394)协议或其它有线协议操作。除了基于标准的协议之外,通信接口205还可以结合其它有线或无线协议操作,包括以上标准协议的当前或计划变体中的任何一个,例如为与并入导波通信系统的网络结合操作而修改的,或者完全不同的协议。此外,通信接口205可以可选地与包括多个协议层(包括MAC协议、传输协议、应用协议等)的协议栈结合操作。
在操作的示例中,收发器210基于通信信号110或112生成电磁波以运送数据。电磁波具有至少一个载波频率和至少一个对应的波长。载波频率可以在30GHz-300GHz的毫米波频带内,诸如60GHz,或者在30-40GHz的范围内的载波频率,或者在微波频率范围内的300MHz-30GHz的较低频带,诸如26-30GHz、11GHz、6GHz或3GHz,但是,将认识到的是,在其它实施例中其它载波频率是可能的。在一种操作模式中,收发器210仅将通信信号110或112上变频,用于在微波或毫米波频带中传输电磁信号,作为由传输介质125引导或绑定到传输介质125的导行电磁波。在另一种操作模式中,通信接口205或者将通信信号110或112变频为基带或近基带信号,或者从通信信号110或112中提取数据,并且收发器210用该数据、基带或近基带信号调制高频载波用于传输。应该认识到的是,收发器210可以调制经由通信信号110或112接收到的数据,以或者通过在不同协议的有效载荷中封装或者通过简单的频移来保持通信信号110或112的一个或多个数据通信协议。在替代方案中,收发器210可以以其它方式将经由通信信号110或112接收到的数据转换成与通信信号110或112的数据通信协议不同的协议。
在操作示例中,耦合器220将电磁波耦合到传输介质125作为运送通信信号110或112的导行电磁波。虽然先前的描述聚焦于作为传送器的收发器210的操作,但是收发器210也可以操作为接收经由耦合器220从单导线传输介质运送其它数据的电磁波,以及经由通信接口205生成包括其它数据的通信信号110或112。考虑其中附加的导行电磁波运送也沿着传输介质125传播的其它数据的实施例。耦合器220也可以将来自传输介质125的这个附加的电磁波耦合到收发器210以便接收。
传输设备101或102包括可选的训练控制器230。在示例实施例中,训练控制器230由独立处理器或与传输设备101或102的一个或多个其它部件共享的处理器实现。训练控制器230基于由收发器210从被耦合以接收导行电磁波的至少一个远程传输设备接收到的反馈数据来选择用于导行电磁波的载波频率、调制方案和/或导波模式。
在示例实施例中,由远程传输设备101或102传送的导行电磁波运送也沿着传输介质125传播的数据。来自远程传输设备101或102的数据可以被生成为包括反馈数据。在操作中,耦合器220还耦合来自传输介质125的导行电磁波,并且收发器接收电磁波并处理电磁波以提取反馈数据。
在示例实施例中,训练控制器230基于反馈数据进行操作,来评估多个候选频率、调制方案和/或传输模式,以选择载波频率、调制方案和/或传输模式,从而增强性能(诸如吞吐量、信号强度)、降低传播损耗等。
考虑以下示例:传输设备101在训练控制器230的控制下通过发送多个导波作为测试信号而开始操作,这些导波诸如针对耦合到传输介质125的远程传输设备102的对应的多个候选频率和/或候选模式下的导频波(pilot wave)或其它测试信号。导波可以附加地或替代地包括测试数据。测试数据可以指示信号的特定候选频率和/或导波模式。在实施例中,远程传输设备102处的训练控制器230从正确接收到的任何导波中接收测试信号和/或测试数据,并且确定最佳候选频率和/或导波模式、一组可接受的候选频率和/或导波模式、或候选频率和/或导波模式的等级排序。(一个或多个)候选频率或/和(一个或多个)导引模式的这种选择由训练控制器230基于一个或多个优化准则(诸如接收到的信号强度、误比特率、分组错误率、信噪比、传播损耗等)来生成。训练控制器230生成指示(一个或多个)候选频率或/和(一个或多个)导波模式的选定的反馈数据,并将反馈数据发送到收发器210以便发送到传输设备101。传输设备101和102然后可以基于(一个或多个)候选频率或/和(一个或多个)导波模式的选择来就数据彼此进行通信。
在其它实施例中,包含测试信号和/或测试数据的导行电磁波被远程传输设备102反射回、中继回或以其它方式循环回到传输设备101,以便由发起这些波的传输设备101的训练控制器230接收和分析。例如,传输设备101可以向远程传输设备102发送信号以启动测试模式,其中物理反射器在线路上被切换,终端阻抗被改变以引起反射,循回模式被打开以将电磁波耦合回到源传输设备102,和/或中继器模式被启用以放大电磁波和将电磁波重传回到源传输设备102。源传输设备102处的训练控制器230从被正确接收到的任何导波接收测试信号和/或测试数据,并且确定(一个或多个)候选频率或/和(一个或多个)导波模式的选择。
虽然已经在启动或初始化操作模式中描述了以上过程,但是每个传输设备101或102可以在其它时间或也可以连续地发送测试信号、经由诸如正常传输的非测试评估候选频率或导波模式、或以其它方式评估候选频率或导波模式。在示例实施例中,传输设备101和102之间的通信协议可以包括请求式或周期性测试模式,其中测试和评估候选频率和导波模式的子集的或者全面测试或者更有限的测试。在其它操作模式下,通过由于干扰、天气条件等导致的性能降级可以触发重新进入到这种测试模式中。在示例实施例中,收发器210的接收器带宽或者足够宽或者被扫频以接收所有候选频率,或者可以由训练控制器230选择性地调整到其中收发机210的接收器带宽足够宽或被扫频以接收所有候选频率的训练模式。
现在参考图3,其中示出了图示电磁场分布的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图300。在这个实施例中,如横截面中所示,空气中的传输介质125包括电介质材料的内导体301和绝缘套302。图300包括不同的灰度,其表示由具有非对称和非基本导波模式的导波的传播所生成的不同的电磁场强度。
特别地,电磁场分布对应于增强沿着绝缘传输介质的导行电磁波传播并降低端到端传输损耗的模态“最佳点(sweet spot)”。在这种特定模式中,电磁波被传输介质125引导,以沿着传输介质的外表面(在这种情况下,是绝缘套302的外表面)传播。电磁波部分地嵌入在绝缘体中并且部分地在绝缘体的外表面上辐射。以这种方式,电磁波“轻微”地耦合到绝缘体,以便使得电磁波能够以低的传播损耗长距离传播。
如图所示,导波具有主要或基本上位于用作引导电磁波的传输介质125外部的场结构。导体301内部的区域具有很少的场或没有场。同样,绝缘套302内部的区域具有低场强度。大部分电磁场强度分布在绝缘套302的外表面处的波瓣304中并且与外表面紧密接近。非对称导波模式的存在通过在绝缘套302的外表面的顶部和底部处的高电磁场强度示出(在该图的朝向中)——与在绝缘套302的其它侧上非常小的场强度相对照。
示出的示例对应于由直径为1.1cm的导线和厚度为0.36cm的电介质绝缘体引导的38GHz电磁波。由于电磁波由传输介质125引导并且大部分场强集中在外表面的有限距离内绝缘套302外部的空气中,因此导波可以以非常低的损耗沿着传输介质125纵向向下传播。在示出的示例中,这个“有限距离”对应于距外表面小于传输介质125的最大横截面尺寸的一半的距离。在这种情况下,导线的最大横截面尺寸对应于1.82cm的整个直径,但是,这个值可以随着传输介质125的尺寸和形状而变化。例如,如果传输介质125是高度为0.3cm并且宽度为0.4cm的矩形,那么最大横截面尺寸将是0.5cm的对角线并且对应的有限距离将是0.25cm。包含大部分场强的区域的尺寸也随着频率而变化,并且通常随着载波频率的降低而增加。
还应该注意的是,诸如耦合器和传输介质的导波通信系统的部件可以对于每种导波模式具有其自己的截止频率。截止频率一般指定特定导波模式被设计为由那个特定部件所支持的最低频率。在示例实施例中,所示出的传播的特定非对称模式是由具有落在该特定非对称模式的下限截止频率Fc的有限范围(诸如Fc至2Fc)内的频率的电磁波在传输介质125上感生的。下限截止频率Fc特定于传输介质125的特性。对于如图所示包括被绝缘套302环绕的内导体301的实施例,该截止频率可以基于绝缘套302的尺寸和性质以及潜在地内导体301的尺寸和性质而变化,并且可以通过实验确定为具有期望的模式图案。但是应该注意的是,对于没有内导体的空心电介质或绝缘体可以发现类似的效果。在这种情况下,截止频率可以基于中空电介质或绝缘体的尺寸和性质而变化。
以低于下限截止频率的频率,非对称模式难以在传输介质125中感生,并且只能传播微不足道的距离。随着频率增加到截止频率附近的有限频率范围之上,非对称模式越来越向绝缘套302内移动。以远大于截止频率的频率,场强不再集中在绝缘套的外部,而是主要在绝缘套302的内部。虽然传输介质125对电磁波提供强的引导并且传播仍然是可能的,但是由于传播是在绝缘套302内——而不是在周围空气中,因此范围更受到增加的损耗的限制。
现在参考图4,其中示出了图示电磁场分布的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图400。特别地,类似于图3的横截面图400用公共标号示出用于指示相似元件。示出的示例对应于由直径为1.1cm的导线和厚度为0.36cm的电介质绝缘体引导的60GHz波。由于导波的频率高于该特定非对称模式的截止频率的有限范围,因此许多场强已经向绝缘套302内移动。特别是,场强主要集中在绝缘套302的内部。虽然传输介质125对电磁波提供强的引导并且传播仍然是可能的,但是当与图3的实施例进行比较时,范围更加受到由于传播是在绝缘套302内而引起的增加的损耗的限制。
现在参考图5A,其中示出了图示频率响应的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图。特别地,图500呈现了在200cm绝缘中压导线的三个点处覆盖有电磁场分布510、520和530的、作为频率的函数的端到端损耗(以dB为单位)的曲线图。在每个电磁场分布中,绝缘体与周围空气之间的边界由标号525表示。
如结合图3所讨论的,所示出的传播的期望非对称模式的示例是由具有落在该特定非对称模式的传输介质的下限截止频率Fc的有限范围(诸如Fc到2Fc)内的频率的电磁波在传输介质125上感生的。特别地,在6GHz处的电磁场分布520落入这种增强了沿着绝缘传输介质的电磁波传播并降低了端到端传输损耗的模态“最佳点”内。在这种特定模式中,导波被部分地嵌入在绝缘体中并且部分地在绝缘体的外表面上辐射。以这种方式,电磁波“轻微地”耦合到绝缘体,以便使得导行电磁波能够以低传播损耗长距离传播。
在由3GHz处的电磁场分布510表示的较低频率处,非对称模式辐射更大,从而产生更高的传播损耗。在由9GHz处的电磁场分布530表示的较高频率处,非对称模式越来越多地向绝缘套内移动,从而提供太多的吸收,再次产生更高的传播损耗。
现在参考图5B,其中示出了图示传输介质125(诸如绝缘线)的纵向横截面的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图550,其描绘了在各种操作频率下的导行电磁波的场。如图556所示,当导行电磁波大致在对应于模态“最佳点”的截止频率(fc)时,导行电磁波被松散地耦合到绝缘线,使得吸收减少,并且导行电磁波的场被充分绑定以减少辐射到环境(例如,空气)中的量。由于导行电磁波的场的吸收和辐射低,因此传播损耗低,从而使得导行电磁波能够传播更长的距离。
如图554所示,当导行电磁波的操作频率增加到截止频率(fc)的大约两倍之上——或者如提到的在“最佳点”的范围之上时,传播损耗增加。电磁波更多的场强在绝缘层内部被驱动,从而增加了传播损耗。在远高于截止频率(fc)的频率处,由于导行电磁波发射的场集中在导线的绝缘层中,因此导行电磁波被强烈地绑定到绝缘线,如图552所示。这又由于导行电磁波被绝缘层吸收而进一步提高了传播损耗。类似地,如图558所示,当导行电磁波的操作频率基本上低于截止频率(fc)时,传播损耗增加。在远低于截止频率(fc)的频率处,导行电磁波被微弱地(或名义上)绑定到绝缘线,从而趋向于辐射到环境(例如,空气)中,这又由于导行电磁波的辐射而增加了传播损耗。
现在参考图6,其中示出了图示电磁场分布的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图600。在这个实施例中,如横截面所示,传输介质602是裸线。图600包括不同的灰度,其表示在单载波频率处由具有对称和基本导波模式的导波的传播所产生的不同的电磁场强度。
在这种特定模式中,电磁波被传输介质602引导以沿着传输介质的外表面(在这种情况下,是裸线的外表面)传播。电磁波被“轻微地”耦合到导线,以便使得电磁波能够以低的传播损耗长距离传播。如图所示,导波具有基本上位于传输介质602外部用作引导电磁波的场结构。导体625内部的区域具有很少的场或没有场。
现在参考图7,其中示出了图示电弧耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图700。特别地,呈现了用于在传输设备(诸如结合图1呈现的传输设备101或102)中使用的耦合设备。耦合设备包括耦合到传送器电路712和终端或阻尼器714的电弧耦合器704。电弧耦合器704可以由电介质材料或其它低损耗绝缘体(例如,聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯等)制成,或由导电(例如,金属、非金属等)材料或前述材料的任何组合制成。如图所示,电弧耦合器704作为波导操作并且具有作为围绕电弧耦合器704的波导表面的导波而传播的波706。在示出的实施例中,电弧耦合器704的至少一部分可以放置在靠近导线702或其它传输介质(诸如传输介质125),以便促进电弧耦合器704与导线702或其它传输介质之间的耦合,如本文所述,以在导线上发射导波708。电弧耦合器704可以放置成使得弯曲电弧耦合器704的一部分与导线702切向并平行或基本上平行。与导线平行的电弧耦合器704的部分可以是曲线的顶点或曲线的切线与导线702平行的任何点。当电弧耦合器704被如此定位或放置时,沿着电弧耦合器704行进的波706至少部分地耦合到导线702,并且作为导波708围绕导线702的导线表面或在导向表面周围并且沿着导线702纵向地传播。导波708可以特征化为由导线702或其它传输介质引导或绑定到导线702或其它传输介质的表面波或其它电磁波。
未耦合到导线702的波706的一部分沿着电弧耦合器704作为波710传播。将认识到的是,电弧耦合器704可以被配置和布置在相对于导线702的各种位置中,以实现波706与导线702期望水平的耦合或非耦合。例如,在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,与导线702平行或基本上平行的电弧耦合器704的曲率和/或长度以及其间隔距离(其在实施例中可以包括零间隔距离)可以变化。同样,电弧耦合器704相对于导线702的布置可以基于对导线702和电弧耦合器704的相应固有特性(例如,厚度、成分、电磁属性等)以及波706和708的特性(例如,频率、能量水平等)的考虑而变化。
即使导线702弯曲和折曲,导波708也保持平行或基本上平行于导线702。导线702的弯曲会增加传输损耗,传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如果电弧耦合器704的尺寸被选择用于高效的功率传递,那么波706中的大部分功率被传递到导线702,而没有多少功率留在波710中。将认识到的是,导波708仍然可以是本质上多模态的(本文讨论的),包括具有非基本或非对称的模式,当沿着与导线702平行或基本上平行的路径行进时,具有或不具有基本传输模式。在实施例中,可以利用非基本或非对称模式使传输损耗最小化和/或获得增加的传播距离。
注意的是,术语“并行”通常是几何构造,其在实际系统中往往不是可确切实现的。因此,当用于描述本主题公开中公开的实施例时,如在本公开中利用的术语“并行”表示近似而不是确切的构造。在实施例中,基本上平行可以包括在所有维度上在真正平行的30度内的近似。
在实施例中,波706可以展现出一种或多种波传播模式。电弧耦合器模式可以取决于耦合器704的形状和/或设计。波706的一种或多种电弧耦合器模式可以生成、影响或冲击沿着导线702传播的导波708的一种或多种波传播模式。但是,应该特别注意的是,导波706中存在的导波模式可以与导波708的导波模式相同或不同。以这种方式,导波706的一种或多种导波模式可以不被传递到导波708,并且导波708还有的一种或多种导波模式可以还不存在于导波706中。还应该注意的是,用于特定导波模式的电弧耦合器704的截止频率可以与用于该相同模式的导线702或其它传输介质的截止频率不同。例如,虽然导线702或其它传输介质可以对于特定导波模式稍微高于其截止频率而操作,但是电弧耦合器704可以为了低损耗对于该相同模式远高于其截止频率而操作、对于该相同模式稍微低于其截止频率而操作以例如感生更大的耦合和功率传递、或者对于该模式相对于电弧耦合器的截止频率的某个其它点操作。
在实施例中,导线702上的波传播模式可以类似于电弧耦合器模式,因为波706和708两者都分别围绕电弧耦合器704和导线702的外部传播。在一些实施例中,当波706耦合到导线702时,由于电弧耦合器704和导线702之间的耦合,模式可以改变形式,或者可以创建或生成新的模式。例如,电弧耦合器704和导线702的大小、材料和/或阻抗的差异可以创建电弧耦合器模式中不存在的附加模式和/或抑制电弧耦合器模式中的一些模式。波传播模式可以包括基本横向电磁模式(准-TEM00(Quasi-TEM00)),其中只有小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且电场和磁场径向向外延伸,而导波沿着导线传播。这种导波模式可以是圆环形,其中在电弧耦合器704或导线702内没有多少电磁场存在。
波706和708可以包括其中场径向向外延伸的基本TEM模式,并且还包括其它非基本(例如,非对称、更高等级等)模式。虽然以上讨论了特定的波传播模式,但是基于所采用的频率、电弧耦合器704的设计、导线702的尺寸和组成、以及其表面特性、其绝缘性(如果存在的话)、周围环境的电磁属性等,其它波传播模式同样是可能的,诸如横向电(TE)模式和横向磁(TM)模式。应该注意的是,取决于频率、导线702的电特性和物理特性以及所生成的特定波传播模式,导波708可以沿着氧化的非绝缘导线、非氧化的非绝缘导线、绝缘导线的导电表面和/或沿着绝缘导线的绝缘表面行进。
在实施例中,电弧耦合器704的直径小于导线702的直径。对于正在被使用的毫米波频带波长,电弧耦合器704支持构成波706的单个波导模式。这种单个波导模式可以在其作为导波708耦合到导线702时改变。如果电弧耦合器704较大,那么可以支持多于一个的波导模式,但是这些附加的波导模式可能不能高效地耦合到导线702,并且可能导致较高的耦合损耗。但是,在一些替代实施例中,电弧耦合器704的直径可以等于或大于导线702的直径,例如,在期望较高耦合损耗的情况下或者当与其它技术结合使用以以其它方式减少耦合损耗(例如,通过锥形(tapering)的阻抗匹配等)时。
在实施例中,波706和708的波长在大小上相当,或小于电弧耦合器704和导线702的圆周。在示例中,如果导线702具有0.5cm的直径以及大约1.5cm的对应圆周,那么传输的波长是大约1.5cm或更小,对应于70GHz或更高的频率。在另一种实施例中,传输和载波信号的合适频率是在30-100GHz的范围内,可能是大约30-60GHz,并且在一个示例中为大约38GHz。在实施例中,当电弧耦合器704和导线702的圆周与传输的波长在大小上相当或更大时,波706和708可以展现出多种波传播模式,包括在足够的距离上传播以支持本文所述的各种通信系统的基本和/或非基本(对称和/或非对称)模式。波706和708因此可以包括多于一种类型的电场和磁场构造。在实施例中,当导波708沿导线702向下传播时,电场和磁场构造将从导线702的端到端保持相同。在其它实施例中,当导波708遇到干扰(失真或障碍)或者由于传输损耗或散射而损耗能量时,电场和磁场构造可以随着导波708沿导线702向下传播而改变。
在实施例中,电弧耦合器704可以由尼龙(nylon)、聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)、聚乙烯(polyethylene)、聚酰胺(polyamide)或其它塑料构成。在其它实施例中,其它电介质材料是可能的。导线702的导线表面可以是金属的,其或者具有裸露的金属表面,或者可以使用塑料、电介质、绝缘体或者其它涂层、护套或外壳进行绝缘。在实施例中,电介质或以其它方式的非导电/绝缘波导可以与裸露/金属导线或绝缘线配对。在其它实施例中,金属和/或导电波导可以与裸露/金属线或绝缘线配对。在实施例中,(例如,由裸露的金属表面暴露于氧气/空气而产生的)导线702的裸露金属表面上的氧化层也可以提供与由一些绝缘体或外壳所提供的类似的绝缘或介电属性。
注意的是,呈现波706、708和710的图形表示仅仅是为了图示波706在例如作为单导线传输线操作的导线702上感生或以其它方式发射导波708的原理。波710表示在生成导波708之后在电弧耦合器704上保留的波706的部分。由于这种波传播而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、特定波传播模式、电弧耦合器704的设计、导线702的尺寸和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘性、周围环境的电磁属性等而变化。
注意的是,电弧耦合器704可以包括在电弧耦合器704的端部处可以吸收来自波710的剩余辐射或能量的终端电路或阻尼器714。终端电路或阻尼器714可以防止来自波710的剩余辐射或能量朝传送器电路712反射回来和/或使朝传送器电路712反射回的来自波710的剩余辐射或能量最小化。在实施例中,终端电路或阻尼器714可以包括终端电阻器和/或执行阻抗匹配以衰减反射的其它部件。在一些实施例中,如果耦合效率足够高和/或波710足够小,则可能不需要使用终端电路或阻尼器714。为了简化起见,这些传送器712和终端电路或阻尼器714可能在其它图中没有绘出,但是在那些实施例中,可能使用了传送器和终端电路或阻尼器。
此外,当呈现生成单个导波708的单个电弧耦合器704时,可以采用放置在沿着导线702不同点处和/或围绕导线的不同方位角朝向的多个电弧耦合器704来生成和接收以相同或不同频率、以相同或不同相位、以相同或不同波传播模式的多个导波708。
图8示出了图示电弧耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图800。在示出的实施例中,耦合器704的至少一部分可以放置在靠近导线702或其它传输介质(诸如传输介质125),以便促进电弧耦合器704与导线702或其它传输介质之间的耦合,以如本文所述来提取导波806的一部分作为导波808。电弧耦合器704可以放置成使得弯曲的电弧耦合器704的一部分与导线702切向并平行或基本上平行。与导线平行的电弧耦合器704的部分可以是曲线的顶点或曲线的切线与导线702平行的任何点。当电弧耦合器704被如此定位或放置时,沿着导线702行进的波806至少部分地耦合到电弧耦合器704,并且作为导波808沿着电弧耦合器704传播到接收设备(未明确示出)。没有耦合到电弧耦合器的波806的一部分作为沿着导线702或其它传输介质的波810传播。
在实施例中,波806可以展现出一种或多种波传播模式。电弧耦合器模式可以取决于耦合器704的形状和/或设计。导波806的一种或多种模式可以生成、影响或冲击沿着电弧耦合器704传播的导波808的一种或多种导波模式。但是,应该特别注意的是,导波806中存在的导波模式可以与导波808的导波模式相同或不同。以这种方式,导波806的一种或多种导波模式可以不被传递到导波808,并且导波806还有的一种或多种导波模式可以还不存在于导波806中。
现在参考图9A,其中示出了图示截线耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图900。特别地,呈现了用于在传输设备(诸如结合图1呈现的传输设备101或102)中使用的包括截线耦合器904的耦合设备。截线耦合器904可以由电介质材料或其它低损耗绝缘体(例如聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯等)制成,或由导电(例如,金属、非金属等)材料或前述材料的任何组合制成。如图所示,截线耦合器904作为波导操作并且具有作为围绕截线耦合器904的波导表面的导波传播的波906。在示出的实施例中,截线耦合器904的至少一部分可以放置在靠近导线702或其它传输介质(诸如传输介质125),以便促进截线耦合器904与导线702或其它传输介质之间的耦合,如本文所述,以在导线上发射导波908。
在实施例中,截线耦合器904是弯曲的,并且截线耦合器904的一端可以被系紧、紧固或者以其它方式机械地耦合到导线702。当截线耦合器904的端部被紧固到导线702时,截线耦合器904的端部平行于或基本上平行于导线702。可替代地,超过端部的电介质波导的另一部分可以被紧固或耦合至导线702,使得被紧固或耦合的部分平行于或基本上平行于导线702。紧固件910可以是尼龙电缆扎带或与截线耦合器904分离或被构造为截线耦合器904的集成部件的其它类型的非导电/电介质材料。截线耦合器904可以与导线702相邻而不环绕导线702。
如结合图7描述的电弧耦合器704一样,当截线耦合器904被放置为端部与导线702平行时,沿着截线耦合器904行进的导波906耦合到导线702,并且作为导波908围绕导线702的导线表面传播。在示例实施例中,导波908可以被特征化为表面波或其它电磁波。
注意的是,呈现波906和908的图形表示仅仅是为了图示波906在例如作为单导线传输线操作的导线702上感生或以其它方式发射导波908的原理。由于这种波传播而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于耦合器的形状和/或设计、电介质波导与导线的相对位置、所采用的频率、截线耦合器904的设计、导线702的尺寸和组成、以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘性、周围环境的电磁属性等中的一个或多个而变化。
在实施例中,截线耦合器904的端部可以朝导线702逐渐变细(taper),以便提高耦合效率。实际上,根据本主题公开的示例实施例,截线耦合器904的端部逐渐变细(或称呈锥形)可以提供与导线702匹配的阻抗并且减少反射。例如,如图9A所示,为了获得波906与908之间期望的耦合水平,截线耦合器904的端部可以逐渐变细。
在实施例中,可以将紧固件910放置成使得在紧固件910和截线耦合器904的端部之间存在短长度的截线耦合器904。在这种实施例中,当超过紧固件910的截线耦合器904的端部的长度对于正在被传送的任何频率都是至少几个波长时,可以实现最大的耦合效率。
现在转到图9B,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的电磁分布的示例、非限制性实施例的图950。特别地,以二维方式呈现了包括耦合器952的传输设备的电磁分布,耦合器952在由电介质材料构成的示例截线耦合器中示出。耦合器952耦合用于沿着导线702或其它传输介质的外表面作为导波传播的电磁波。
耦合器952经由对称的导波模式将电磁波引导至x0处的接点。虽然沿着耦合器952传播的电磁波的一些能量在耦合器952的外部,但是这个电磁波的大部分能量被包含在耦合器952内。x0处的接点以对应于传输介质的底部的方位角将电磁波耦合到导线702或其它传输介质。这种耦合感生电磁波,该电磁波被引导为经由至少一种导波模式在方向956上沿着导线702或其它传输介质的外表面传播。导行电磁波的大部分能量在导线702或其它传输介质的外部或者紧密接近其外表面。在示出的示例中,x0处的接点形成经由对称模式和至少一个非对称表面模式(诸如结合图3呈现的一阶模式)两者传播的电磁波,其掠过导线702或其它传输介质的表面。
注意的是,呈现导波的图形表示仅仅是为了图示导波耦合和传播的示例。由于这种波传播而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、耦合器952的设计和/或构造、导线702或其它传输介质的尺寸和组成、以及其表面特性、其绝缘性(如果存在的话)、周围环境的电磁属性等而变化。
现在转到图10A,其中图示了根据本文所述各个方面的耦合器和收发器系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1000。该系统是传输设备101或102的示例。特别地,通信接口1008是通信接口205的示例,截线耦合器1002是耦合器220的示例,并且传送器/接收器设备1006、双工器1016、功率放大器1014、低噪声放大器1018、混频器1010和1020以及本地振荡器1012共同形成收发器210的示例。
在操作中,传送器/接收器设备1006发射并接收波(例如,导波1004到截线耦合器1002上)。导波1004可以用于通过通信接口1008运输从主机设备、基站、移动设备、建筑物或其它设备接收到的信号和发送到它们的信号。通信接口1008可以是系统1000的组成部分。替代地,通信接口1008可以被系留(tethered)到系统1000。通信接口1008可以包括无线接口,用于利用任何各种无线信令协议(例如,LTE、WiFi、WiMAX、IEEE 802.xx等)与主机设备、基站、移动设备、建筑物或其它设备通过接口连接,这些无线信令协议包括红外协议(诸如红外数据协会(IrDA)协议或其它视线(line of sight)光学协议)。通信接口1008还可以包括有线接口,诸如光纤线路、同轴电缆、双绞线、5类(CAT-5)电缆或其它合适的有线或光学介质,用于经由诸如以太网协议、通用串行总线(USB)协议、电缆服务接口规范上的数据(DOCSIS)协议、数字订户线路(DSL)协议、火线(IEEE 1394)协议或者其它有线或光学协议的协议与主机设备、基站、移动设备、建筑物或其它设备通信。对于系统1000用作中继器的实施例,通信接口1008可以不是必需的。
通信接口1008的输出信号(例如,Tx)可以与在混频器1010处由本地振荡器1012生成的载波(例如,毫米波载波)组合。混频器1010可以使用外差(heterodyning)技术或其它频移技术对来自通信接口1008的输出信号进行频移。例如,发送到通信接口1008和从通信接口1008发送的信号可以是调制信号,诸如根据长期演进(LTE)无线协议或其它无线3G、4G、5G或更高语音和数据协议、Zigbee、WIMAX、超宽带或IEEE 802.11无线协议;有线协议,诸如以太网协议、通用串行总线(USB)协议、电缆服务接口规范上的数据(DOCSIS)协议、数字订户线路(DSL)协议、火线(IEEE1394)协议或者其它有线或无线协议格式化的正交频分复用(OFDM)信号。在示例实施例中,这种频率转换可以在模拟域中完成,并且因此,频移可以在不考虑由基站、移动设备或室内设备使用的通信协议的类型的情况下完成。随着新的通信技术的发展,通信接口1008可以被升级(例如,用软件、固件和/或硬件更新)或被替换,并且频移和传输装置可以保持不变,从而简化了升级。然后,载波可以被发送到功率放大器(“PA”)1014并且可以经由双工器1016经由传送器接收器设备1006被传送。
从传送器/接收器设备1006接收到的指向通信接口1008的信号可以经由双工器1016与其它信号分离。接收到的信号然后可以被发送到低噪声放大器(“LNA”)1018用于放大。混频器1020在本地振荡器1012的帮助下可以将接收到的信号(在一些实施例中处于毫米波频带或大约38GHz)降频到固有频率。通信接口1008然后可以在输入端口(Rx)处接收传输。
在实施例中,传送器/接收器设备1006可以包括圆柱形或非圆柱形金属(其在实施例中例如可以是中空的,但不一定按比例绘制)或者其它导电或非导电波导,并且截线耦合器1002的端部可以放置在波导或传送器/接收器设备1006中或其附近,使得当传送器/接收器设备1006生成传输时,该导波耦合到截线耦合器1002并作为导波1004围绕截线耦合器1002的波导表面传播。在一些实施例中,导波1004可以部分地在截线耦合器1002的外表面上传播和部分地在截线耦合器1002内部传播。在其它实施例中,导波1004可以基本上或完全地在截线耦合器1002的外表面上传播。在还有的其它实施例中,导波1004可以基本上或完全地在截线耦合器1002内部传播。在后一种实施例中,导波1004可以在截线耦合器1002的端部(诸如图4中所示的锥形端部)处辐射,用于耦合到诸如图7的导线702的传输介质。类似地,如果导波1004正在传入(从导线702耦合到截线耦合器1002),则导波1004然后进入传送器/接收器设备1006并耦合到圆柱形波导或导电波导。虽然传送器/接收器设备1006被示出为包括单独的波导——但是在有或没有单独的波导的情况下,可以采用天线、空腔谐振器、速调管、磁控管、行波管或其它辐射元件在耦合器1002上感生导波。
在实施例中,截线耦合器1002可以完全由电介质材料(或另一种合适的绝缘材料)构成,其中没有任何金属或以其它方式导电的材料。截线耦合器1002可以由尼龙、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其它塑料或者不导电并且适于促进电磁波至少部分地在这些材料的外表面上传输的其它材料构成。在另一种实施例中,截线耦合器1002可以包括导电/金属的芯,并且具有外部电介质表面。类似地,耦合到截线耦合器1002用于传播由截线耦合器1002感生的电磁波或者用于向截线耦合器1002供应电磁波的传输介质除了可以作为裸线或绝缘线之外,还可以完全地由电介质材料(或另一种合适的绝缘材料)构成,其中没有任何金属或以其它方式导电的材料。
注意的是,虽然图10A示出了传送器接收器设备1006的开口比截线耦合器1002宽得多,但这不是按比例的,并且在其它实施例中,截线耦合器1002的宽度与中空波导的开口相当或略小。也没有在图中示出,但是在实施例中存在的是,插入到发送器/接收器设备1006中的耦合器1002的端部逐渐变细,以便减少反射和提高耦合效率。
在耦合到截线耦合器1002之前,由传送器/接收器设备1006生成的导波的一种或多种波导模式可以耦合到截线耦合器1002以感生导波1004的一种或多种波传播模式。由于中空金属波导和电介质波导的不同特性,导波1004的波传播模式可以与中空金属波导模式不同。例如,导波1004的波传播模式可以包括基本横向电磁模式(准-TEM00),其中只有小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且电场和磁场从截线耦合器1002径向向外延伸,而导波沿着截线耦合器1002传播。基本横向电磁模式波传播模式可以存在于中空的波导内部或者可以不存在于中空的波导内部。因此,由传送器/接收器设备1006使用的中空金属波导模式是可以有效且高效地耦合到截线耦合器1002的波传播模式的波导模式。
将认识到的是,传送器/接收器设备1006和截线耦合器1002的其它构造或组合是可能的。例如,截线耦合器1002'可以相对于传送器/接收器设备1006'的中空金属波导的外表面切向或平行放置(具有或没有间隙)(对应的电路系统未示出),如图10B的标号1000'所绘出的。在另一种实施例中,没有由标号1000'示出,截线耦合器1002'可以放置在传送器/接收器设备1006'的中空金属波导内部,而不需要截线耦合器1002'的轴线与传送器/接收器设备1006'的中空金属波导的轴线同轴对准。在这些实施例中的任一个中,由传送器/接收器设备1006'生成的导波可以耦合到截线耦合器1002'的表面以在截线耦合器1002'上感生导波1004'的一种或多种波传播模式,包括基本模式(例如,对称模式)和/或非基本模式(例如,非对称模式)。
在一种实施例中,导波1004'可以部分地在截线耦合器1002'的外表面上和部分地在截线耦合器1002'内部传播。在另一种实施例中,导波1004'可以基本上或完全地在截线耦合器1002'的外表面上传播。在还有的其它实施例中,导波1004'可以基本上或完全地在截线耦合器1002'内部传播。在后一种实施例中,导波1004'可以在截线耦合器1002'的端部(诸如图9中所示的锥形端部)处辐射,用于耦合到诸如图9的导线702的传输介质。
将进一步认识到的是,传送器/接收器设备1006的其它构造是可能的。例如,图10B中作为标号1000”绘出的传送器/接收器设备1006”的中空金属波导(对应的电路系统未示出)可以相对于诸如图4的导线702的传输介质的外表面切向或平行放置(具有或没有间隙),而不使用截线耦合器1002。在这种实施例中,由传送器/接收器设备1006”生成的导波可以耦合到导线702的表面,以在导线702上感生导波908的一种或多种波传播模式,包括基本模式(例如,对称模式)和/或非基本模式(例如,非对称模式)。在另一种实施例中,导线702可以被定位在传送器/接收器设备1006”'的中空金属波导内部(对应的电路系统未示出),使得导线702的轴线与没有使用截线耦合器1002的中空金属波导的轴线同轴(或非同轴)对准——参见图10B标号1000”'。在这种实施例中,由传送器/接收器设备1006”'生成的导波可以耦合到导线702的表面,以在导线上感生导波908的一种或多种波传播模式,包括基本模式(例如,对称模式)和/或非基本模式(例如,非对称模式)。
在1000”和1000”'的实施例中,对于具有绝缘外表面的导线702,导波908可以部分地在绝缘体的外表面上和部分地在绝缘体内部传播。在实施例中,导波908可以基本上或完全地在绝缘体的外表面上传播,或者基本上或完全地在绝缘体内部传播。在1000”和1000”'的实施例中,对于作为裸导体的导线702,导波908可以部分地在导体的外表面上和部分地在导体内部传播。在另一种实施例中,导波908可以基本上或完全地在导体的外表面上传播。
现在参考图11,其中示出了图示双截线耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1100。特别地,呈现了用于在传输设备(诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102)中使用的双耦合器设计。在实施例中,两个或更多个耦合器(诸如截线耦合器1104和1106)可以被定位在导线1102周围,以便接收导波1108。在实施例中,一个耦合器足以接收导波1108。在该情况下,导波1108耦合到耦合器1104并作为导波1110传播。如果导波1108的场结构由于特定的(一种或多种)导波模式或各种外部因素而在导线1102周围振荡或波动,那么耦合器1106可以被放置成使得导波1108耦合到耦合器1106。在一些实施例中,四个或更多个耦合器可以例如相对于彼此以90度或另一个间隔放置在导线1102的一部分周围,以便接收已在不同方位角朝向感生出或者具有非基本或更高阶模式(例如,具有波瓣和/或空值或依赖于朝向的其它非对称性)、可以在导线1102周围振荡或旋转的导波。但是,将认识到的是,在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,可以存在少于或多于四个耦合器放置在导线1102的一部分周围。
应该注意的是,虽然耦合器1106和1104被示出为截线耦合器,但是本文描述的任何其它耦合器设计(包括电弧耦合器、天线或喇叭耦合器、磁耦合器等)同样可以被使用。还将认识到的是,虽然一些示例实施例已在导线1102的至少一部分周围呈现了多个耦合器,但是这多个耦合器也可以被认为是具有多个耦合器子部件的单个耦合器系统的一部分。例如,可以将两个或更多个耦合器制造成可以在单次安装中在导线周围安装的单个系统,使得根据该单个系统耦合器相对于彼此或者被预先定位或者可调节(或者手动地或者用诸如电机或其它致动器的可控制机制自动地)。
耦合到耦合器1106和1104的接收器可以使用分集组合来组合从耦合器1106和1104两者接收到的信号,以便使信号质量最大化。在其它实施例中,如果耦合器1104和1106中的一个或另一个接收到高于预定阈值的传输,那么接收器可以在决定使用哪个信号时使用选择分集。此外,虽然图示了由多个耦合器1106和1104进行接收,但是可以在相同构造中同样发生耦合器1106和1104的传输。特别地,可以采用宽范围的多输入多输出(MIMO)传输和接收技术用于传输,其中传输设备(诸如结合图1呈现的传输设备101或102)包括多个收发器和多个耦合器。
注意的是,呈现波1108和1110的图形表示仅仅是为了图示导波1108在耦合器1104上感生或以其它方式发射波1110的原理。由于这种波传播结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、耦合器1104的设计、导线1102的尺寸和组成、以及其表面特性、其绝缘性(如果存在的话)、周围环境的电磁属性等而变化。
现在参考图12,其中示出了图示中继器系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1200。特别地,呈现了用于在传输设备(诸如结合图1呈现的传输设备101或102)中使用的中继器设备1210。在这个系统中,两个耦合器1204和1214可以放置在靠近导线1202或其它传输介质,使得沿着导线1202传播的导波1205由耦合器1204作为波1206(例如,作为导波)被提取,并且然后被中继器设备1210提升或中继并作为波1216(例如,作为导波)发射到耦合器1214上。波1216然后可以在导线1202上发射并且继续作为导波1217沿着导线1202传播。在实施例中,中继器设备1210可以通过与导线1202磁耦合来接收用于进行提升或中继的至少一部分电力,例如当导线1202是电力线或以其它方式包含电力承载导体时。应该注意的是,虽然耦合器1204和1214被图示为截线耦合器,但是本文描述的任何其它耦合器设计(包括电弧耦合器、天线或喇叭耦合器、磁耦合器等)同样可以被使用。
在一些实施例中,中继器设备1210可以中继与波1206相关联的传输,并且在其它实施例中,中继器设备1210可以包括通信接口205,该通信接口205从波1206中提取数据或其它信号,以将这样的数据或信号作为通信信号110或112供应给另一个网络和/或一个或多个其它设备,以及/或者从另一个网络和/或一个或多个其它设备接收通信信号110或112,并发射其中已嵌入接收到的通信信号110或112的导波1216。在中继器构造中,接收器波导1208可以从耦合器1204接收波1206,并且传送器波导1212可以将导波1216发射到耦合器1214上作为导波1217。在接收器波导1208和传送器波导1212之间,嵌入在导波1206和/或导波1216中的信号本身可以被放大以校正信号损耗和与导波通信相关联的其它低效率,或者信号可以被接收和处理以提取其中包含的并为传输重新生成的数据。在实施例中,接收器波导1208可以被配置为从信号中提取数据、利用例如纠错码处理数据以校正数据错误、并且利用校正的数据重新生成更新信号。传送器波导1212然后可以传送其中嵌入更新过的信号的导波1216。在实施例中,嵌入在导波1206中的信号可以从传输中提取并处理用于作为通信信号110或112经由通信接口205与另一个网络和/或一个或多个其它设备通信。类似地,由通信接口205接收到的通信信号110或112可以被插入到由传送器波导1212生成并发射到耦合器1214上的导波1216的传输中。
注意的是,虽然图12示出了导波传输1206和1216分别从左边进入和退出到右边,但这仅仅是简化并不旨在进行限制。在其它实施例中,接收器波导1208和传送器波导1212也可以分别用作传送器和接收器,从而允许中继器设备1210是双向的。
在实施例中,中继器设备1210可以放置在导线1202或其它传输介质上存在不连续或障碍物的位置处。在导线1202是电力线的情况下,这些障碍物可以包括变压器、连接件、电线杆以及其它这样的电力线设备。中继器设备1210可以帮助导波(例如,表面波)跳过线路上的这些障碍物并且同时提升传输功率。在其它实施例中,可以使用耦合器跳过障碍物,而无需使用中继器设备。在该实施例中,耦合器的两端可以被系紧或紧固到导线,从而为导波行进提供路径而不被障碍物阻挡。
现在转到图13,其中图示了根据本文所述各个方面的双向中继器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1300。特别地,呈现了用于在传输设备(诸如结合图1呈现的传输设备101或102)中使用的双向中继器设备1306。应该注意的是,虽然耦合器被图示为截线耦合器,但是本文描述的任何其它耦合器设计(包括电弧耦合器、天线或者喇叭耦合器、磁耦合器等)同样可以被使用。双向中继器1306可以在存在两条或更多条导线或其它传输介质时或情况下采用分集路径。由于导波传输对于不同类型的传输介质(诸如绝缘线、非绝缘线或其它类型的传输介质)具有不同的传输效率和耦合效率,并且还有,如果暴露于元件则会受到天气和其它大气条件的影响,因此,在某些时间在不同传输介质上选择性地进行传送可能是有利的。在各种实施例中,各种传输介质可以被指定为主要的、次要的、第三位的等,无论这种指定是否指示一种传输介质相对于另一种传输介质的优先性。
在示出的实施例中,传输介质包括绝缘或非绝缘导线1302以及绝缘或非绝缘导线1304(在本文分别被称为导线1302和1304)。中继器设备1306使用接收器耦合器1308来接收沿着导线1302行进的导波,并且使用传送器波导1310作为沿着导线1304的导波来中继该传输。在其它实施例中,中继器设备1306可以从导线1304切换到导线1302,或者可以沿着相同的路径中继传输。中继器设备1306可以包括传感器,或者与指示可以影响传输的条件的传感器(或者图16A中绘出的网络管理系统1601)通信。基于从传感器接收到的反馈,中继器设备1306可以确定是沿着相同的导线保持传输,还是将传输传递到另一条导线。
现在转到图14,其中图示了图示双向中继器系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1400。特别地,呈现了用于在传输设备(诸如结合图1呈现的传输设备101或102)中使用的双向中继器系统。双向中继器系统包括从位于分布式天线系统或回程系统中的其它耦合设备接收和传送传输的波导耦合设备1402和1404。
在各种实施例中,波导耦合设备1402可以接收来自另一个波导耦合设备的传输,其中该传输具有多个子载波。双工器1406可以将该传输与其它传输分开,并且将该传输引导至低噪声放大器(“LNA”)1408。混频器1428在本地振荡器1412的帮助下可以将该传输(其在一些实施例中处于毫米波频带或大约38GHz)降频到较低频率,诸如用于分布式天线系统的蜂窝频带固有频率或用于回程系统的其它频率。提取器(或解复用器)1432可以提取子载波上的信号,并将该信号引导至输出部件1422,用于由功率放大器1424可选地放大、缓冲或隔离以便耦合到通信接口205。通信接口205可以进一步处理从功率放大器1424接收到的信号或以其它方式通过无线或有线接口将此类信号传送到其它设备,诸如基站、移动设备、建筑物等。对于未在这个位置处被提取的信号,提取器1432可以将它们重新定向到另一个混频器1436,其中信号被用于调制由本地振荡器1414生成的载波。载波及其子载波被引导至功率放大器(“PA”)1416,并且由波导耦合设备1404经由双工器1420重新传送到另一个系统。
LNA 1426可以用于放大、缓冲或隔离由通信接口205接收到的信号,并且然后将该信号发送到多路复用器1434,该多路复用器1434将信号与已经从波导耦合设备1404接收到的信号合并。从耦合设备1404接收到的信号已经被双工器1420分离,并且然后通过LNA1418,并且被混频器1438降频。当信号被多路复用器1434组合时,它们被混频器1430升频,并且然后由PA 1410提升并由波导耦合设备1402传送到另一个系统。在实施例中,双向中继器系统可以仅仅是中继器而没有输出设备1422。在这种实施例中,多路复用器1434将不被利用并且来自LNA 1418的信号被引导到如前所述的混合器1430。将认识到的是,在一些实施例中,双向中继器系统也可以使用两个不同的和单独的单向中继器来实现。在替代实施例中,双向中继器系统也可以是提升器或者以其它方式执行重传而不降频和升频。实际上,在示例实施例中,重传可以基于接收信号或导波和在重传信号或导波之前执行一些信号或导波处理或重塑、滤波和/或放大。
现在参考图15,其中示出了图示导波通信系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1500。该图绘出了其中可以使用导波通信系统(诸如结合图1呈现的导波通信系统)的示例性环境。
为了向附加的基站设备提供网络连接性,将通信小区(例如,微小区和宏小区)链接到核心网络的网络设备的回程网络对应地扩充。类似地,为了向分布式天线系统提供网络连接性,将基站设备与其分布式天线链接的扩展通信系统是期望的。可以提供诸如图15所示的导波通信系统1500以启用替代的、增加的或附加的网络连接性,并且可以提供波导耦合系统以在传输介质上传送和/或接收导波(例如,表面波)通信,传输介质诸如作为单导线传输线路(例如,公用设施线路)操作以及可以用作波导和/或以其它方式操作以引导电磁波传输的导线。
导波通信系统1500可以包括配电系统1550的第一实例,其包括可通信地耦合到中心局点1501和/或宏小区站点1502的一个或多个基站设备(例如,基站设备1504)。基站设备1504可以通过有线(例如,光纤和/或电缆)或者通过无线(例如,微波无线)连接而连接到宏小区站点1502和中心局点1501。配电系统1560的第二实例可以用于向移动设备1522和住宅和/或商业场所1542(本文称为场所1542)提供无线语音和数据服务。系统1500可以具有配电系统1550和1560的附加实例,用于向移动设备1522-1524和场所1542提供语音和/或数据服务,如图15所示。
宏小区(诸如宏小区站点1502)可以具有到移动网络和基站设备1504的专用连接,或者可以共享和/或以其它方式使用另一个连接。中心局点1501可以用于向移动设备1522-1524和场所1542分发媒体内容和/或提供互联网服务提供商(ISP)服务。中心局点1501可以从卫星1530(其中一个在图15中示出)的星座或其它内容源接收媒体内容,并且经由配电系统1550和1560的第一实例和第二实例将这样的内容分发到移动设备1522-1524和场所1542。中心局点1501还可以通信地耦合到互联网1503,用于向移动设备1522-1524和场所1542提供互联网数据服务。
基站设备1504可以安装在或附连到电线杆1516上。在其它实施例中,基站设备1504可以是附近的变压器和/或位于电力线路附近的其它位置。基站设备1504可以促进移动设备1522和1524到移动网络的连接。分别安装在电线杆1518和1520上或靠近电线杆1518和1520的天线1512和1514可以从基站设备1504接收信号并且将那些信号在比如果天线1512和1514位于基站设备1504处或靠近其时宽得多的区域上传送到移动设备1522和1524。
注意的是,为了简化的目的,图15在配电系统1550和1560的每个实例中显示了三个电线杆,具有一个基站设备。在其它实施例中,电线杆1516可以具有更多的基站设备,以及具有分布式天线和/或到场所1542的系留(tethered)连接的更多电线杆。
传输设备1506(诸如结合图1呈现的传输设备101或102)可以经由连接电线杆1516、1518和1520的(一条或多条)公用设施或电力线将信号从基站设备1504传送到天线1512和1514。为了传送信号,无线电的源和/或传输设备1506将来自基站设备1504的信号(例如,经由混频)上变频或以其它方式将来自基站设备1504的信号变频成微波频带信号,并且传输设备1506发射微波频带波,该微波频带波作为沿着如前面实施例中所述的公用设施线路或其它导线行进的导波传播。在电线杆1518处,另一个传输设备1508接收导波(并且可选地可以根据需要或期望来放大它或者可以操作为中继器以接收它并重新生成它)并且将其作为导波在公用设施线路或其它导线上转发。传输设备1508还可以从微波频带导波中提取信号并将其频率下移或以其它方式将其变频为其原始蜂窝频带频率(例如,1.9GHz或其它定义的蜂窝频率)或另一个蜂窝(或非蜂窝)频带频率。天线1512可以将降频后的信号无线传送到移动设备1522。根据需要或期望,该过程可以由传输设备1510、天线1514和移动设备1524进行重复。
来自移动设备1522和1524的传输也可以分别由天线1512和1514接收。传输设备1508和1510可以将蜂窝频带信号升频或以其它方式变频为微波频带,并将信号作为导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)传输经(一条或多条)电力线传送到基站设备1504。
由中心局点1501接收到的媒体内容可以经由基站设备1504提供给配电系统1560的第二实例,用于分发给移动设备1522和场所1542。传输设备1510可以通过一个或多个有线连接或无线接口系留到场所1542。该一个或多个有线连接可以包括但不限于电力线、同轴电缆、光纤电缆、双绞线电缆、导波传输介质或用于分发媒体内容和/或用于提供互联网服务的其它合适的有线介质。在示例实施例中,来自传输设备1510的有线连接可以通信地耦合到位于一个或多个对应的服务区接口(SAI——未示出)或基座处的一个或多个甚高比特速率数字订户线(VDSL)调制解调器,每个SAI或基座向场所1542的一部分提供服务。VDSL调制解调器可以用于选择性地向位于场所1542中的网关(未示出)分发媒体内容和/或提供互联网服务。SAI或基座也可以经有线介质(诸如电力线、同轴电缆、光纤电缆、双绞线电缆、导波传输介质或其它合适的有线介质)通信地耦合到场所1542。在其它示例实施例中,传输设备1510可以直接通信地耦合到场所1542而无需诸如SAI或基座之类的中间接口。
在另一种示例实施例中,系统1500可以采用分集路径,其中两条或更多条公用设施线路或其它导线串接在电线杆1516、1518和1520之间(例如,在电线杆1516和1520之间的两条或更多条导线),并且来自基站/宏小区1502的冗余传输作为导波沿公用设施线路或其它导线的表面被传送。公用设施线路或其它导线可以是或者绝缘的或者非绝缘的,并且取决于造成传输损耗的环境状况,耦合设备可以选择性地从绝缘或非绝缘公用设施线路或其它导线接收信号。该选择可以基于导线的信噪比的测量,或者基于所确定的天气/环境状况(例如,湿度检测器、天气预报等)。与系统1500一起使用分集路径可以启用替代路由能力、负载均衡、增加的负载处理、并发的双向或同步通信、扩频通信等。
注意的是,图15中的传输设备1506、1508和1510的使用仅仅是示例,并且在其它实施例中,其它使用是可能的。例如,可以在回程通信系统中使用传输设备,从而向基站设备提供网络连接性。传输设备1506、1508和1510可以用在其中期望经导线(无论是绝缘的还是非绝缘的)传送导波通信的许多情况中。由于与可以携带高压的导线没有接触或者与这些导线具有有限的物理和/或电接触,因此传输设备1506、1508和1510是对其它耦合设备的改进。传输设备可以位于远离导线(例如,与导线隔开)和/或位于导线上,只要它不与导线电接触即可,因为电介质充当绝缘体从而允许便宜、容易和/或较不复杂的安装。但是,如前所述,可以采用导电或非电介质的耦合器,例如在其中导线对应于电话网络、有线电视网络、宽带数据服务、光纤通信系统或采用低压或具有绝缘传输线的其它网络的构造中。
还应当注意的是,虽然在实施例中图示了基站设备1504和宏小区站点1502,但是其它网络构造同样是可能的。例如,可以以类似的方式采用诸如接入点或其它无线网关的设备来扩展其它网络(诸如无线局域网、无线个人区域网或者根据诸如802.11协议、WIMAX协议、超宽带协议、蓝牙协议、Zigbee协议或其它无线协议的通信协议操作的其它无线网络)的可达范围。
现在参考图16A和图16B,其中示出了图示用于管理电网通信系统的系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1600和1650。考虑图16A,呈现了用于在导波通信系统(诸如结合图15呈现的系统)中使用的波导系统1602。波导系统1602可以包括传感器1604、电力管理系统1605、包括至少一个通信接口205、收发器210和耦合器220的传输设备101或102。
波导系统1602可以耦合到电力线1610用于促进根据本主题公开中描述的实施例的导波通信。在示例实施例中,如本主题公开所述,传输设备101或102包括用于在电力线1610的表面上感生沿着电力线1610的表面纵向传播的电磁波的耦合器220。传输设备101或102也可以用作中继器,用于在同一电力线1610上重传电磁波或用于在电力线1610之间路由电磁波,如图12-13所示。
传输设备101或102包括收发器210,其被配置为例如将在原始频率范围操作的信号上变频为沿着耦合器传播的以载波频率操作、展现载波频率或与载波频率相关联的电磁波,以感生沿着电力线1610的表面传播的对应导行电磁波。载波频率可以由具有限定电磁波的带宽的上限和下限截止频率的中心频率表示。电力线1610可以是具有导电表面或绝缘表面的导线(例如,单股或多股)。收发器210也可以接收来自耦合器220的信号,并且将以载波频率操作的电磁波下变频为在其原始频率的信号。
由传输设备101或102的通信接口205接收到的用于上变频的信号可以包括但不限于由中心局点1611经通信接口205的有线或无线接口供应的信号、由基站1614经通信接口205的有线或无线接口供应的信号、由移动设备1620传送到基站1614用于经通信接口205的有线或无线接口递送的无线信号、由建筑物内通信设备1618经通信接口205的有线或无线接口供应的信号和/或由在通信接口205的无线通信范围内漫游的移动设备1612供应给通信接口205的无线信号。在波导系统1602用作中继器的实施例中,诸如图12-13所示,通信接口205可以包括在波导系统1602中或可以不包括在波导系统1602中。
沿着电力线1610的表面传播的电磁波可以被调制和格式化以包括包括有数据有效载荷的数据分组或数据帧,并且还包括联网信息(诸如用于识别一个或多个目的地波导系统1602的报头信息)。联网信息可以由波导系统1602或诸如中心局点1611、基站1614、移动设备1620或建筑物内设备1618或其组合的发端设备来提供。此外,调制电磁波可以包括用于减轻信号干扰的纠错数据。联网信息和纠错数据可以由目的地波导系统1602使用以用于检测导向它的传输,并且用于对包括导向到通信耦合到目的地波导系统1602的接收方通信设备的语音和/或数据信号的传输进行下变频并使用纠错数据进行处理。
现在参考波导系统1602的传感器1604,传感器1604可以包括温度传感器1604a、干扰检测传感器1604b、能量损失传感器1604c、噪声传感器1604d、振动传感器1604e、环境(例如,天气)传感器1604f和/或图像传感器1604g中的一个或多个。温度传感器1604a可以用于测量环境温度、传输设备101或102的温度、电力线1610的温度、温度差(例如,与传输设备101或102与电力线1610之间的设定点或基线等相比)或者其任何组合。在一种实施例中,温度度量可以通过基站1614被周期性地收集和报告给网络管理系统1601。
干扰检测传感器1604b可以对电力线1610执行测量,以检测诸如信号反射之类的干扰,其可以指示可能阻碍电磁波在电力线1610上的传播的下游干扰的存在。信号反射可以表示由于例如由传输设备101或102在电力线1610上传送的、从位于传输设备101或102下游的电力线1610中的干扰全部或部分反射回到传输设备101或102的电磁波而导致的失真。
信号反射可以由电力线1610上的障碍物引起。例如,当树枝位于电力线1610上或者紧密接近电力线1610时,树枝可能引起会导致电晕放电的电磁波反射。可能引起电磁波反射的其它障碍物可以包括但不限于已缠绕在电力线1610上的物体(例如,衣服、用鞋带缠绕在电力线1610周围的鞋等)、电力线1610上的腐蚀积聚物或积冰。电网部件也可能妨碍或阻碍电磁波在电力线1610的表面上的传播。可能导致信号反射的电网部件的示例包括但不限于用于连接拼接的电力线的变压器和接头。电力线1610上的锐角也可能导致电磁波反射。
干扰检测传感器1604b可以包括将电磁波反射的幅度与由传输设备101或102传送的原始电磁波的幅度进行比较以确定电力线1610中的下游干扰使传输衰减多少的电路。干扰检测传感器1604b还可以包括用于对反射波执行频谱分析的频谱分析仪电路。由频谱分析仪电路生成的频谱数据可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其它人工智能、分类或比较技术与频谱轮廓(profile)进行比较,以基于例如与频谱数据最匹配的频谱轮廓识别干扰的类型。频谱轮廓可以存储在干扰检测传感器1604b的存储器中,或者可以由干扰检测传感器1604b远程访问。轮廓可以包括对在电力线1610上可能遇到的不同干扰进行建模以使得干扰检测传感器1604b能够在本地识别干扰的频谱数据。如果干扰的识别已知,那么它可以通过基站1614报告给网络管理系统1601。干扰检测传感器1604b还可以利用传输设备101或102来传送电磁波作为测试信号,以确定电磁波反射的往返时间。由干扰检测传感器1604b测得的往返时间可以用于计算由电磁波行进到达发生反射的点的距离,这使得干扰检测传感器1604b能够计算从传输设备101或102到电力线1610上的下游干扰的距离。
计算出的距离可以通过基站1614报告给网络管理系统1601。在一种实施例中,波导系统1602在电力线1610上的位置可以对网络管理系统1601是已知的,其中网络管理系统1601可以使用该位置来基于电网的已知拓扑结构确定电力线1610上干扰的位置。在另一种实施例中,波导系统1602可以将其位置提供给网络管理系统1601,以帮助确定电力线1610上干扰的位置。波导系统1602的位置可以由波导系统1602从存储在波导系统1602的存储器中的波导系统1602的预编程位置获得,或者波导系统1602可以使用包括在波导系统1602中的GPS接收器(未示出)来确定其位置。
电力管理系统1605向波导系统1602的前述部件提供能量。电力管理系统1605可以从太阳能电池或从耦合到电力线1610的变压器(未示出)接收能量,或者通过感生耦合到电力线1610或另一个附近的电力线。电力管理系统1605也可以包括备用电池和/或超级电容器或用于向波导系统1602提供临时电力的其它电容器电路。能量损失传感器1604c可以用于检测波导系统1602何时具有电力损失状况和/或一些其它故障的发生。例如,能量损失传感器1604c可以检测何时存在由于有缺陷的太阳能电池引起的电力损失、太阳能电池上导致它们故障的障碍物、电力线1610上的电力损失、和/或何时备用电力系统由于备用电池过期或超级电容器中可检测到的缺陷而导致故障。当发生故障和/或电力损失时,能量损失传感器1604c可以通过基站1614通知网络管理系统1601。
噪声传感器1604d可以用于测量电力线1610上的噪声,其可能不利地影响电磁波在电力线1610上的传输。噪声传感器1604d可以感测到意外的电磁干扰、噪声突发或可能中断调制电磁波在电力线1610的表面上的接收的其它干扰源。噪声突发可以由例如电晕放电或其它噪声源引起。噪声传感器1604d可以将测得的噪声与由波导系统1602从噪声轮廓的内部数据库或从存储噪声轮廓的远程定位的数据库获得的噪声轮廓经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其它人工智能、分类或比较技术进行比较。根据比较,噪声传感器1604d可以基于例如提供与测得的噪声最接近匹配的噪声轮廓来识别噪声源(例如,电晕放电或其它)。噪声传感器1604d还可以通过测量诸如误比特率、分组丢失率、抖动、分组重传请求等的传输度量来检测噪声如何影响传输。噪声传感器1604d可以通过基站1614向网络管理系统1601报告噪声源的身份、其发生的时间和传输度量、以及其它。
振动传感器1604e可以包括检测电力线1610上的2D或3D振动的加速度计和/或陀螺仪。振动可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其它人工智能、分类或比较技术与可以本地存储在波导系统1602中或由波导系统1602从远程数据库获得的振动轮廓进行比较。例如,可以使用振动轮廓,以例如将落下的树与阵风进行区分,这例如是基于提供与测得的振动最接近匹配的振动轮廓进行的。这种分析的结果可以由振动传感器1604e通过基站1614报告给网络管理系统1601。
环境传感器1604f可以包括用于测量大气压力、环境温度(其可以由温度传感器1604a提供)、风速、湿度、风向和降雨等的气压计。环境传感器1604f可以收集原始信息并通过将其与可从波导系统1602的存储器或远程数据库获得的环境轮廓进行比较来处理该信息,以在天气状况出现之前经由模式识别、专家系统、基于知识的系统或其它人工智能、分类或其它天气建模和预测技术来预测天气状况。环境传感器1604f可以将原始数据及其分析报告给网络管理系统1601。
图像传感器1604g可以是用于捕获波导系统1602附近的图像的数字相机(例如,电荷耦合器件或CCD成像器、红外相机等)。图像传感器1604g可以包括机电机制以控制相机的移动(例如,实际位置或焦点/变焦),以便从多个视角(例如,顶表面、底表面、左表面、右表面等)检查电力线1610。可替代地,图像传感器1604g可以被设计成使得获得多个透视图不需要机电机制。由图像传感器1604g生成的成像数据的收集和检索可以由网络管理系统1601控制,或者可以由图像传感器1604g自主收集并报告给网络管理系统1601。
为了检测、预测和/或减轻可能阻碍电力线1610(或电磁波的传输介质的任何其它形式)上电磁波传输的传播的干扰,可以适于收集与波导系统1602和/或电力线1610相关联的遥测信息的其它传感器可以由波导系统1602加以利用。
参考图16B,其中图示了根据本文所述各个方面的用于管理电网1603和嵌入其中或与之相关联的通信系统1655的系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1650。通信系统1655包括耦合到电网1653的电力线1610的多个波导系统1602。在通信系统1655中使用的波导系统1602的至少一部分可以与基站1614和/或网络管理系统1601直接通信。不直接连接到基站1614或网络管理系统1601的波导系统1602可以通过连接到基站1614或网络管理系统1601的其它下游波导系统1602与基站1614或网络管理系统1601进行通信会话。
网络管理系统1601可以通信地耦合到公用设施公司1652的装备和通信服务提供商1654的装备,用于分别向每个实体提供与电网1653和通信系统1655相关联的状态信息。网络管理系统1601、公用设施公司1652的装备和通信服务提供商1654可以访问由公用设施公司人员1656使用的通信设备和/或由通信服务提供商人员1658使用的通信设备,以便提供状态信息和/或用于指导这些人员管理电网1653和/或通信系统1655。
图17A图示了用于检测和减轻在图16A和图16B的系统的通信网络中发生的干扰的方法1700的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。方法1700可以从步骤1702开始,其中波导系统1602传送和接收嵌入在调制电磁波或沿着电力线1610的表面行进的另一种类型的电磁波中或形成其一部分的消息。消息可以是语音消息、流传输视频和/或在通信地耦合到通信系统1655的通信设备之间交换的其它数据/信息。在步骤1704,波导系统1602的传感器1604可以收集感测数据。在实施例中,感测数据可以在步骤1702中传输和/或接收消息之前、期间或之后在步骤1704中被收集。在步骤1706,波导系统1602(或传感器1604本身)可以根据感测数据确定通信系统1655中可以影响源自波导系统1602(例如,通过其传送)或由波导系统1602接收到的通信的干扰的实际发生或预测的发生。波导系统1602(或传感器1604)可以处理温度数据、信号反射数据、能量损失数据、噪声数据、振动数据、环境数据或其任何组合以做出这种确定。波导系统1602(或传感器1604)还可以检测、识别、估计或预测通信系统1655中干扰的源和/或其位置。如果在步骤1708中干扰既没有被检测/识别也没有被预测/估计,那么波导系统1602可以进行到步骤1702,在那里它继续传送和接收嵌入在沿着电力线1610的表面行进的调制电磁波中或者形成其一部分的消息。
如果在步骤1708干扰被检测/识别或预测/估计要发生,那么波导系统1602进行到步骤1710,以确定干扰是否不利地影响(或可替代地,可能不利地影响或者它可能不利地影响的程度)消息在通信系统1655中的传输或接收。在一种实施例中,持续时间阈值和发生频率阈值可以在步骤1710使用来确定干扰何时不利地影响通信系统1655中的通信。仅仅为了说明的目的,假定持续时间阈值被设置为500ms,而发生频率阈值被设置为在10秒的观察时段中发生5个干扰。因此,具有持续时间大于500ms的干扰将触发持续时间阈值。此外,在10秒的时间间隔中发生超过5次的任何干扰将触发发生频率阈值。
在一种实施例中,当单独持续时间阈值被超过时,干扰可以被认为不利地影响通信系统1655中的信号完整性。在另一种实施例中,当持续时间阈值和发生频率阈值两者被超过时,干扰可以被认为不利地影响通信系统1655中的信号完整性。因此,对于对不利地影响通信系统1655中的信号完整性的干扰进行分类,后一种实施例比前一种实施例更保守。将认识到,根据示例实施例,许多其它算法和相关联的参数和阈值可用于步骤1710。
回到参考方法1700,如果在步骤1710,在步骤1708检测到的干扰不满足不利地影响的通信的状况(例如,既不超过持续时间阈值也不超过发生频率阈值),那么波导系统1602可以进行到步骤1702并继续处理消息。例如,如果在步骤1708中检测到的干扰具有1毫秒的持续时间,其中在10秒的时间段内发生一次,那么两个阈值都不会超过。因此,这种干扰可以被认为对通信系统1655中的信号完整性具有微不足道的影响,并且因此不会被标记为需要减轻的干扰。虽然没有被标记,但是作为用于监视目的的遥测数据,可以向网络管理系统1601报告干扰的发生、其发生的时间、其发生的频率、频谱数据和/或其它有用信息。
返回参考步骤1710,如果另一方面干扰满足不利地影响的通信的状况(例如,超过两个阈值中任一个或者两者),那么波导系统1602可以进行到步骤1712并将该事件报告给网络管理系统1601。报告可以包括由传感器1604收集到的原始感测数据、干扰的描述(如果波导系统1602知道的话)、干扰的发生时间、干扰的发生频率、与干扰相关联的位置、参数读数,诸如误比特率、分组丢失率、重新传输请求、抖动、延迟等等。如果干扰是基于波导系统1602的一个或多个传感器的预测的,那么该报告可以包括预期的干扰类型,并且如果可预测的话,当预测基于由波导系统1602的传感器1604收集到的历史感测数据时,那么可以包括干扰的预期发生时间、以及预测的干扰的预期发生频率。
在步骤1714,网络管理系统1601可以确定减轻、规避或校正技术,其可以包括如果可以确定干扰的位置,那么引导波导系统1602将流量重新路由以规避干扰。在一种实施例中,检测干扰的波导耦合设备1402可以引导诸如图13-14中示出的中继器,以将波导系统1602从受干扰影响的主电力线连接到辅助电力线,以使得波导系统1602能够将流量重新路由到不同的传输介质并避免干扰。在波导系统1602被配置为中继器的实施例中,波导系统1602本身可以执行流量从主电力线到辅助电力线的重新路由。还应当注意的是,对于双向通信(例如,全双工或半双工通信),中继器可以被配置为将流量从辅助电力线重新路由回到主电力线,用于由波导系统1602进行处理。
在另一种实施例中,波导系统1602可以通过指示位于干扰上游的第一中继器和位于干扰下游的第二中继器来重定向流量,从而以避免干扰的方式将来自主电力线的流量临时重定向到辅助电力线和重定向回到主电力线。还应当注意的是,对于双向通信(例如,全双工或半双工通信),中继器可以被配置为将流量从辅助电力线重新路由回到主电力线。
为了避免中断在辅助电力线上发生的现有通信会话,网络管理系统1601可以指导波导系统1602以指示(一个或多个)中继器利用辅助电力线的(一个或多个)未使用的时隙和/或频带,用于将数据和/或语音流量从主电力线重新定向开,以规避干扰。
在步骤1716,当流量被重新路由以避免干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以通知公用设施公司1652的装备和/或通信服务提供商1654的装备,它们又可以向公用设施公司的人员1656和/或通信服务提供商的人员1658通知检测到的干扰及其位置(如果知道的话)。来自任一方的现场人员都可以参加解决在所确定的干扰位置处的干扰。一旦干扰被公用设施公司的人员和/或通信服务提供商的人员去除或以其它方式减轻,这些人员就可以利用通信地耦合到网络管理系统1601的现场装备(例如,膝上型计算机、智能电话等)和/或公用设施公司和/或通信服务提供商的装备通知其各自的公司和/或网络管理系统1601。通知可以包括干扰如何被减轻的描述以及可能改变通信系统1655的拓扑结构的对电力线1610的任何改变。
一旦干扰已被解决(如在决定1718中所确定的),网络管理系统1601就可以在步骤1720指导波导系统1602,以恢复由波导系统1602使用的先前路由配置,或者如果用于减轻干扰的恢复策略导致了通信系统1655的新网络拓扑结构,那么根据新的路由配置来路由流量。在另一种实施例中,波导系统1602可以被配置为通过在电力线1610上传送测试信号以确定干扰何时被去除来监视干扰的减轻。一旦波导系统1602检测到不存在干扰,如果它确定通信系统1655的网络拓扑结构没有改变,那么它就可以自主地恢复其路由配置而无需网络管理系统1601的帮助,或者它可以利用适于检测到的新网络拓扑结构的新路由配置。
图17B图示了用于检测和减轻在图16A和图16B的系统的通信网络中发生的干扰的方法1750的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。在一种实施例中,方法1750可以在步骤1752开始,其中网络管理系统1601从公用设施公司1652的装备或通信服务提供商1654的装备接收与维护调度相关联的维护信息。网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1754从维护信息识别要在维护调度期间执行的维护活动。从这些活动中,网络管理系统1601可以检测由于维护导致的干扰(例如,电力线1610的排定(scheduled)更换、电力线1610上的波导系统1602的排定更换、电网1653中的电力线1610的排定重新配置等)。
在另一种实施例中,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1755从一个或多个波导系统1602接收遥测信息。遥测信息可以除其它之外还包括提交遥测信息的每个波导系统1602的身份、由每个波导系统1602的传感器1604取得的测量值、与由每个波导系统1602的传感器1604检测到的预测、估计或实际干扰有关的信息、与每个波导系统1602相关联的位置信息、检测到的干扰的估计位置、干扰的标识等。网络管理系统1601可以从遥测信息确定可能对波导的操作、沿着导线表面的电磁波的传输或这二者不利的干扰的类型。网络管理系统1601还可以使用来自多个波导系统1602的遥测信息来隔离和识别干扰。此外,网络管理系统1601可以从受影响的波导系统1602附近的波导系统1602请求遥测信息,以通过从其它波导系统1602接收类似的遥测信息来对干扰的位置进行三角测量和/或验证干扰的标识。
在还有的另一种实施例中,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1756接收来自维护现场人员的非排定活动报告。非排定的维护可能由于计划外的现场呼叫或者由于在现场呼叫或排定维护活动期间发现的意外现场问题而导致发生。活动报告可以识别由于现场人员解决通信系统1655和/或电网1653中发现的问题而导致的对电网1653的拓扑结构构造的改变、对一个或多个波导系统1602的改变(诸如其更换或修理)、执行的减轻干扰(如果存在的话),等等。
在步骤1758,网络管理系统1601可以从根据步骤1752至1756接收到的报告来确定基于维护计划是否将发生干扰、或者基于遥测数据干扰是否已发生或预测要发生、或者是否已发生由于在现场活动报告中识别出的计划外维护而导致的干扰。根据这些报告中的任何一个报告,网络管理系统1601可以确定检测到的或预测的干扰是否需要由受影响的波导系统1602或通信系统1655的其它波导系统1602重新路由流量。
当在步骤1758检测或预测到干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以进行到步骤1760,其中它可以指示一个或多个波导系统1602重新路由流量以规避干扰。当由于电网1653的永久性拓扑结构变化而导致干扰是永久性的时,网络管理系统1601可以进行到步骤1770,并跳过步骤1762、1764、1766和1772。在步骤1770,网络管理系统1601可以指示一个或多个波导系统1602使用适于新拓扑结构的新路由配置。但是,当从由一个或多个波导系统1602提供的遥测信息检测到干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以向公用设施公司1656或通信服务提供商1658的维护人员通知干扰的位置、干扰的类型(如果知道的话)、以及可能有助于这些人员减轻干扰的相关信息。当预计由于维护活动而导致干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以指示一个或多个波导系统1602以给定的调度(与维护调度一致)来重新配置流量路由,以避免在维护调度期间由维护活动引起的干扰。
返回到步骤1760,并且在其完成之后,该过程可以继续步骤1762。在步骤1762,网络管理系统1601可以监视(一个或多个)干扰何时已经由现场人员减轻。干扰的减轻可以在步骤1762通过分析由现场人员利用现场装备(例如,膝上型计算机或手持式计算机/设备)经通信网络(例如,蜂窝通信系统)提交给网络管理系统1601的现场报告来检测。如果现场人员报告已减轻干扰,那么网络管理系统1601可以进行到步骤1764,以从现场报告确定是否需要拓扑结构变化来减轻了干扰。拓扑结构变化可以包括重新路由电力线1610、重新配置波导系统1602以利用不同的电力线1610、以其它方式利用替代的链路来绕过干扰等。如果已发生拓扑结构变化,那么网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1770指示一个或多个波导系统1602使用适于新拓扑结构的新路由配置。
但是,如果现场人员没有报告拓扑结构变化,那么网络管理系统1601可以进行到步骤1766,其中它可以指示一个或多个波导系统1602发送测试信号以测试在检测到(一个或多个)干扰之前已被使用的路由配置。测试信号可以被发送到在干扰附近的受影响的波导系统1602。测试信号可以用于确定信号干扰(例如,电磁波反射)是否被任何波导系统1602检测到。如果测试信号确认先前的路由配置不再经受之前检测到的(一个或多个)干扰,那么网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1772指示受影响的波导系统1602恢复之前的路由配置。但是,如果由一个或多个波导耦合设备1402分析并报告给网络管理系统1601的测试信号指示存在(一个或多个)干扰或(一个或多个)新的干扰,那么网络管理系统1601将进行到步骤1768并向现场人员报告该信息,以进一步解决现场问题。在这种情况下,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1762继续监视(一个或多个)干扰的减轻。
在上述实施例中,波导系统1602可以被配置为自适应于电网1653中的变化和/或干扰的减轻。即,一个或多个受影响的波导系统1602可以被配置为自我监视干扰的减轻并且重新配置流量路由,而不需要网络管理系统1601向其发送指令。在这种实施例中,可自配置的一个或多个波导系统1602可以向网络管理系统1601通知其路由选择,使得网络管理系统1601可以维护通信系统1655的通信拓扑结构的宏观等级视图。
虽然为了简化解释的目的,相应过程被分别示出和描述为图17A和图17B中的一系列框。但是应当理解和认识到的是,所要求保护的主题不受框的顺序的限制,因为一些框可以与本文所绘出和描述的不同的顺序发生和/或与其它框同时发生。此外,可能并不需要所有图示的框来实现本文描述的方法。
现在转到图18A,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的通信系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1800。特别地,示出了包括客户端节点设备1802、主机节点设备1804、包括微型中继器(MR)1806的导波通信系统1810、客户端设备1812和网络终端1815的通信系统。网络终端1815就上游和下游数据1816与网络1818通信,网络诸如互联网、分组交换电话网络、互联网协议上的语音(VoIP)网络、基于互联网协议(IP)的电视网络、电缆网络、无源或有源光网络、4G或更高的无线接入网络、WIMAX网络、超宽带网络、个人区域网络或其它无线接入网络、广播卫星网络和/或其它通信网络。上游和下游数据1816可以包括语音、数据或文本通信、音频、视频、图形和/或其它媒体。客户端设备1812可以包括移动电话、电子阅读器、平板电脑、平板手机、无线调制解调器、移动无线网关、家庭网关设备和/或其它固定或移动计算设备。
特别地,来自网络终端1815的下游数据被发送到主机节点设备1804,主机节点设备1804经由无线链路1814将下游数据直接传递到范围内的客户端设备1812。主机节点设备1804还耦合到一个或多个导波通信系统1810以经由无线链路1814'经由微型中继器1806将下游数据发送到更远离主机节点设备1804的客户端设备1812。此外,主机节点设备1804经由无线链路1808将下游数据发送到可能超出导波通信系统1810的范围的一个或多个客户端节点设备1802。客户端节点设备1802经由无线链路1814”将下游数据发送到客户端设备1812。客户端节点设备1802将下游数据中继到附加的导波通信系统1810'和无线链路1808',以经由未明确示出的MR 1806和/或附加的客户端节点设备来服务更远的客户端设备1812。
此外,经由无线链路1814”从客户端设备1812接收到的上游数据可以经由客户端节点设备1802、无线链路1808和主机节点设备1804传递回到网络终端1815。经由无线链路1814'从客户端设备1812接收到的上游数据可以经由导波通信系统1810和主机节点设备1804传递回到网络终端1815。经由无线链路1814从客户端设备1812接收到的上游数据可以经由主机节点设备1804传递回到网络终端1815。来自更远的客户端设备1812的上游数据可以经由无线链路1808'和/或导波通信系统1810'、客户端节点设备1802、无线链路1808和主机节点设备1804等传递回到网络终端1815。应该注意的是,示出的通信系统可以将上游和下游数据1816分成多个上游和下游信道并且操作空间信道重用方案来以最小的干扰服务相邻区域中的移动客户端设备1812。
在各种实施例中,示出的通信系统与诸如电力公司配电系统之类的公用设施结合使用。在这种情况下,主机节点设备1804、客户端节点设备1802和/或微型中继器1806由配电系统的电线杆支撑,并且导波通信系统1810可以经由传输介质操作,该传输介质包括绝缘或裸露的中压电力线和/或配电系统的其它传输线路或支撑导线的区段。特别地,导波通信系统1810可以经由导行电磁波运送上游和下游数据1816的一个或多个信道,该导行电磁波由裸线或绝缘线的外表面引导或被绑定到该外表面。
应该注意的是,虽然客户端节点设备1802、主机节点设备1804和MR 1806已经被描述为经由无线链路1814、1814'和1814”与客户端设备1812通信,但是可以同样采用一个或多个有线链路。在这种情况下,客户端设备1812还可以包括个人计算机、膝上型计算机、上网本计算机、平板电脑或者具有数字订户线(DSL)调制解调器、同轴电缆服务接口规范上的数据(DOCSIS)调制解调器或其它电缆调制解调器的其它计算设备、电话机、媒体播放器、电视机、光学调制解调器、机顶盒或家庭网关和/或其它接入设备。
在各种实施例中,网络终端1815执行用于与客户端设备1812通信的物理层处理。在这种情况下,网络终端执行必要的上游数据的解调和提取以及下游数据的调制和其它格式化,从而使主机节点设备1804、客户端节点设备1802和微型中继器1806经由简单的模拟信号处理进行操作。如本文所使用的,模拟信号处理包括滤波、交换、双工、双工、放大、上变频和下变频,以及不需要模数转换或数模转换的其它模拟处理。根据其它实施例,网络终端与通用公共无线电接口(CPRI)结合操作,该通用公共无线电接口(CPRI)向经由简单信号处理进行操作的主机节点设备1804、客户端节点设备1802和微型中继器1806发送数据流,该简单信号处理可以包括要从多个目的地接收和发送到多个目的地的分组流中的分组的交换、路由或其它选择和/或在数据域中操作、可以例如利用低功率设备和/或廉价硬件实现的其它快速处理。
关于图1800中示出的包括许多可选功能和特征的通信系统的进一步实现结合下面的图18B-18H、19A-19D和20A-20D提供。
现在转到图18B,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的网络终端1815的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1820。如结合图18A所讨论的,网络终端1815执行用于与客户端设备1812通信的物理层处理。在这种情况下,网络终端1815执行必要的上游数据的解调和提取以及下游数据的调制和其它格式化。
特别地,网络终端1815包括网络接口1835,该网络接口1835被配置为从通信网络接收下游数据1826并将上游数据1836发送到通信网络,诸如网络1818。下游信道调制器1830被配置为将下游数据1826调制成对应于导波通信系统(诸如导波通信系统1810)的下游频率信道的下游信道信号1828。主机接口1845被配置为经由例如主机节点设备1804和/或客户端节点设备1802将下游信道信号1828发送到一个或多个导波通信系统1810或1810'。主机接口1845还经由例如主机节点设备1804和/或客户端节点设备1802接收来自导波通信系统1810或1810'的对应于上游频率信道的上游信道信号1838。上游信道解调器1840被配置为将经由主机节点设备1804接收到的上游信道信号1838解调成上游数据1836。
在各种实施例中,下游信道调制器1830调制下游信道信号1828中的一个或多个以经由导波通信系统1810作为导行电磁波运送下游数据1826,诸如结合图1讨论的绑定到传输介质125的导波120。上游信道解调器1840解调运送经由导波通信系统1810作为导行电磁波接收到的上游数据1836的上游信道信号1838中的一个或多个,导行电磁波诸如结合图1讨论的绑定到传输介质125的导波120。
在各种实施例中,网络接口1835可以包括一个或多个光缆接口、电话电缆接口、同轴电缆接口、以太网接口或用于与通信网络1818通信的或者是有线的或者是无线的其它接口。主机节点接口1845可以包括用于与主机节点设备1804通信的光纤光缆接口;但是,其它有线或无线接口可以同样用于此目的。
在各种实施例中,根据非对称通信系统,上游频率信道的数量少于下游频率信道的数量,但是在实现对称通信系统的情况下,上游频率信道的数量可以大于或等于下游频率信道的数量。
上游信道信号和下游信道信号可以根据DOCSIS 2.0或更高标准协议、WiMAX标准协议、802.11标准协议、4G或更高的无线话音和数据协议(诸如LTE协议和/或其它标准通信协议)进行调制和以其它方式格式化。除了符合当前标准的协议之外,还可以修改这些协议中的任何协议以与所示的通信网络结合操作。例如,可以修改802.11协议或其它协议以包括附加的准则和/或单独的数据信道以在更宽的区域上提供冲突检测/多址接入(例如,允许经由特定频率信道进行通信的设备彼此听到)。在各种实施例中,所有的上游信道信号1838和下游信道信号1828根据相同的通信协议来格式化。但是在替代方案中,可以采用两种或更多种不同的协议,以例如与更广泛的客户端设备兼容和/或在不同的频带中操作。
当采用两种或更多种不同的协议时,下游信道信号1828的第一子集可以由下游信道调制器1830根据第一标准协议进行调制,并且下游信道信号1828的第二子集可以根据与第一标准协议不同的第二标准协议进行调制。同样,上游信道信号1838的第一子集可以经由根据第一标准协议的主机接口1845接收,用于由根据第一标准协议的上游信道解调器1840解调,并且上游信道信号1838的第二子集可以经由根据第二标准协议的主机接口1845接收,用于由根据与第一标准协议不同的第二标准协议的上游信道解调器1840解调。
现在转到图18C,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的频谱的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图1850。特别地,下游信道频带1844包括由单独的频谱符号表示的多个下游频率信道。同样,上游信道频带1846包括由单独的频谱符号表示的多个上游频率信道。这些单独的频谱符号意味着是用于每个独立信道信号的频率分配的占位符。实际的频谱响应将基于所采用的协议和调制以及还作为时间的函数而变化。
如前面所讨论的,根据非对称通信系统,上游频率信道的数量可以小于或大于下游频率信道的数量。在这种情况下,上游信道频带1846可以比下游信道频带1844窄或宽。在替代方案中,在实现对称通信系统的情况下,上游频率信道的数量可以等于下游频率信道的数量。在这种情况下,上游信道频带1846的宽度可以等于下游信道频带1844的宽度,并且可以采用比特填充或其它数据补齐技术来补偿上游流量的变化。
虽然下游信道频带1844被示出为在比上游信道频带1846低的频率处,但是在其它实施例中,下游信道频带1844可以处于比上游信道频带1846高的频率。此外,虽然下游信道频带1844和上游信道频带1846被示出为占据单个连续频带,但是在其它实施例中,取决于可用频谱和/或所采用的通信标准,可以采用两个或更多个上游信道频带和/或两个或更多个下游信道频带。
现在转到图18D,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的频谱的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图1852。如前面所讨论的,可以采用两种或更多种不同的通信协议来传达上游数据和下游数据。在示出的示例中,下游信道频带1844包括由表示使用第一通信协议的第一类型的单独频谱符号表示的第一多个下游频率信道。下游信道频带1844'包括由表示使用第二通信协议的第二类型的单独频谱符号表示的第二多个下游频率信道。同样,上游信道频带1846包括由表示使用第一通信协议的第一类型的单独频谱符号表示的第一多个上游频率信道。上游信道频带1846'包括由表示使用第二通信协议的第二类型的单独频谱符号表示的第二多个上游频率信道。
虽然单独信道带宽被示出为对于第一类型和第二类型的信道大致相同,但是应该注意的是,上游频率信道和下游频率信道可以具有不同的带宽,并且取决于可用的频谱和/或所采用的通信标准,第一类型和第二类型的第一频率信道可以具有不同的带宽。
现在转到图18E,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的主机节点设备1804的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1860。特别地,主机节点设备1804包括终端接口1855、双工器/三工器(triplexer)组件1858、两个接入点中继器(APR)1862和无线电装置1865。
接入点中继器1862耦合到传输介质125以经由导波通信系统(GWCS)1810通信。终端接口1855被配置为经由网络终端1815从通信网络(诸如网络1818)接收下游信道信号1828。双工器/三工器组件1858被配置为将下游信道信号1828传递到APR 1862。APR在导波通信系统1810上发射下游信道信号1828作为导行电磁波。在示出的示例中,APR 1862在导波通信系统1810的传输介质125上在不同的方向(设计的方向A和方向B)发射下游信道信号1828作为导行电磁波。
考虑传输介质是裸线或绝缘线的示例。一个APR 1862可以沿着导线在一个纵向方向上发射下游信道信号1828,而另一个APR 1862沿着导线在相反的纵向方向上发射下游信道信号。在其中几个传输介质125在主机节点设备1804处汇聚的其它网络配置中,可以包括三个或更多个APR 1862以沿着每个传输介质向外发射携带下游信道信号1828的导波。除了发射导波通信之外,APR 1862中的一个或多个还经由无线链路1814将一个或多个选定的下游信道信号1828传达到主机节点设备1804的范围内的客户端设备。
双工器/三工器组件1858还被配置为将下游信道信号1828传递到无线电装置1865。无线电装置1865被配置为与主机节点设备1804的范围内的一个或多个客户端节点设备1802无线通信。在各种实施例中,无线电装置1865是模拟无线电装置,其经由混合或其它外差动作上变频下游信道信号1828,以生成被传达到一个或多个客户端节点设备1802的上变频后的下游信道信号。无线电装置1865可以包括用于与客户端节点设备1802通信的多个独立天线,用于与不同位置处的多个设备通信的相控天线阵列或者可控波束或多波束天线系统。在实施例中,下游信道信号1828在60GHz频带中被上变频用于视线通信到某个距离远的客户端节点设备1802。双工器/三工器组件1858可以包括双工器、三工器、分离器、交换机、路由器和/或作为“信道双工器”操作以提供经多条通信路径的双向通信的其它组件。
除了去往客户端设备1812的下游通信之外,主机节点设备1804还可以处理源自客户端设备1812的上游通信。在操作中,APR 1862从导波通信系统1810提取经由微型中继器1806从无线链路1814'和/或经由客户端节点设备1802从无线链路1814”或从更远的其它设备接收到的上游信道信号1838。其它上游信道信号1838可以经由经无线链路1814的通信经由APR 1862以及经由无线电装置1865从客户端节点设备1802接收,其中客户端节点设备1802与客户端设备1812经由无线链路1814”直接通信或者经由导波通信系统1810'或其它客户端节点设备1802间接通信。在无线电装置1865在较高频带操作的情况下,无线电装置1865对上变频后的上游信道信号进行下变频。双工器/三工器组件1858将由APR 1862接收并由无线电装置1865下变频后的上游信道信号1838传递到终端接口1855,以经由网络终端1815发送到网络1818。
考虑主机节点设备1804与诸如电力公司配电系统的公用设施结合使用的示例。在这种情况下,主机节点设备1804、客户端节点设备1802和/或微型中继器1806可以由配电系统的电线杆、其它结构或电力线支撑,并且导波通信系统1810可以经由传输介质125操作,该传输介质125包括绝缘或裸露的中压电力线和/或配电系统的其它传输线路或支撑线的区段。
在特定示例中,在从支撑主机节点设备1804的电线杆沿着电力线的两个方向上的2n个电线杆上的2n个微型中继器1806可以每个都在客户端节点设备1802的方向上接收和中继下游信道信号1828,其中客户端节点设备1802可以例如由从主机节点设备1804的每个方向上的第(n+1)个电线杆支撑。微型中继器1806每个可以经由无线链路1814'就一个或多个选定的下游信道信号与范围内的客户端设备1812进行通信。此外,主机节点设备1804经由无线链路1808将下游信道信号1828直接传递到客户端设备1812——用于经由无线链路1814”无线传送到客户端节点设备1802的范围内的客户端设备1812,并且经由导波通信系统1810'和/或无线链路1808'进一步下行到以类似方式操作的其它附加客户端节点设备1802和微型中继器1806。主机节点设备1804以互反的方式操作,以或者经由无线链路1814直接地或者经由导波通信系统1810和1810'以及微型中继器1806、客户端节点设备1802、无线链路1814'和1814”和其组合间接地从客户端设备1812接收上游信道信号1838。
现在转到图18F,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的下游数据流的示例、非限制性实施例的组合图和框图1870。应该注意的是,该图没有按比例示出。特别地,再次考虑其中通信系统与诸如电力公司配电系统的公用设施结合实现的示例。在这种情况下,主机节点设备1804、客户端节点设备1802和微型中继器1806由配电系统的电线杆1875支撑,并且图18A的导波通信系统1810经由传输介质125操作,传输介质125包括由电线杆1875支撑的绝缘或裸露的中压电力线的区段。来自网络终端1815的下游信道信号1828由主机节点设备1804接收。主机节点设备1804将选定的下游信道信号1828的信道无线传送到主机节点设备1804的范围内的一个或多个客户端设备1812-4。主机节点设备1804还将下游信道信号1828发送到微型中继器1806-1和1806-2作为绑定到传输介质125的导波。此外,主机节点设备1804可选地将下游信道信号1828上变频为下游信道信号1828',并将下游信道信号1828'无线地发送到客户端节点设备1802-1和1802-2。
微型中继器1806-1和1806-2就选定的下游信道信号1828与范围内的客户端设备1812-3和1812-5进行通信,并且中继下游信道信号1828作为发送到微型中继器1806-3和1806-4的导波。微型中继器1806-3和1806-4就选定的下游信道信号1828与范围内的客户端设备1812-2和1812-6进行通信。客户端节点设备1802-1和1802-2操作以将下游信道信号1828”作为导波中继到更下游的微型中继器,并且作为下游信道信号1828'无线中继到也未明确示出的附加客户端节点设备。客户端节点设备1802-1和1802-2还操作以就选定的下游信道信号1828与范围内的客户端设备1812-1和1812-7进行通信。
应该注意的是,下游信道信号1828也可以以其它方式流动。考虑主机节点设备1804和微型中继器1806-1之间的导波通信路径因线路中断或阻塞、设备故障或环境条件而受到损害的情况。下游信道信号1828可以作为导波从客户端节点设备1802-1流到微型中继器1806-3和微型中继器1806-1以进行补偿。
现在转到图18G,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的上游数据流的示例、非限制性实施例的组合图和框图1878。再次考虑其中通信系统与诸如电力公司配电系统的公用设施结合实现的示例。在这种情况下,主机节点设备1804、客户端节点设备1802和微型中继器1806由配电系统的电线杆1875支撑,并且图18A的导波通信系统1810经由传输介质125操作,传输介质125包括由电线杆1875支撑的绝缘或裸露的中压电力线的区段。如先前所讨论的,主机节点设备1804从各种来源收集上游信道信号1838以传递到网络终端1815。
特别地,在来自客户端设备1812-4的选定信道中的上游信道信号1838被无线地传达到主机节点设备1804。在来自客户端设备1812-3和1812-5的选定信道中的上游信道信号1838被无线地传达到微型中继器1806-1和1806-2,微型中继器1806-1和1806-2将这些上游信道信号1838作为导波传递到主机节点设备1804。在来自客户端设备1812-2和1812-6的选定信道中的上游信道信号1838被无线传达到微型中继器1806-3和1806-4,微型中继器1806-3和1806-4经由微型中继器1806-1和1806-2将这些上游信道信号1838作为导波传递到主机节点设备1804。在来自客户端设备1812-1和1812-7的选定信道中的上游信道信号1838被无线地传达到客户端节点设备1802-1和1802-2,被可选地上变频并添加到从附加客户端节点设备无线地接收到的其它上游信道信号1838',并且作为导波从其它微型中继器接收到的其它上游信道信号1838”也可以可选地被上变频以便无线传输到主机节点设备1804。
应该注意的是,上游信道信号1838也可以以其它方式流动。考虑主机节点设备1804和微型中继器1806-1之间的导波通信路径因线路中断或阻塞、设备故障或环境条件而受到损害的情况。来自客户端设备1812-3的上游信道信号1838可以作为导波从微型中继器1806-1流动到微型中继器1806-3和客户端节点设备1802-1以便无线传递到主机节点设备1804以进行补偿。
现在转到图18H,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的客户端节点设备1802的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1880。客户端节点设备1802包括无线电装置1865,无线电装置1865被配置为经由例如主机节点设备1804或其它客户端节点设备1802从通信网络无线地接收下游信道信号1828。接入点中继器1862被配置为在导波通信系统1810上发射下游信道信号1828作为沿着传输介质125传播的导行电磁波,并且经由无线链路1814”将一个或多个选定的下游信道信号1828无线地传送到一个或多个客户端设备。
在各种实施例中,无线电装置1865是模拟无线电装置,其通过将与下游信道信号1828的载波频率相比具有高载波频率的RF信号下变频来生成下游信道信号1828。例如,无线电装置1865经由混合或其它外差动作将来自主机节点设备1804或其它客户端节点设备1802的上变频后的下游信道信号下变频以生成下游信道信号1828。无线电装置1865可以包括用于与主机节点设备1804和其它客户端节点设备1802通信的多个独立天线、用于与不同位置的多个设备通信的相控天线阵列或者可控波束或多波束天线系统。在实施例中,下游信道信号1828从60GHz频带下变频用于视线通信。此外,无线电装置1865可以作为中继器操作以经由无线链路1808从主机节点设备1804接收下游信道信号1828并且在无线链路1808'上中继它们以便传输到其它客户端节点设备1802。
除了去往客户端设备1812的下游通信之外,客户端节点设备1802还可以处理源自客户端设备1812的上游通信。在操作中,APR1862从导波通信系统1810提取经由导波通信系统1810或1810'的微型中继器1806接收到的上游信道信号1838。其它上游信道信号1838可以经由通过与客户端设备1812直接通信的无线链路1814”的通信经由APR 1862来接收。在无线电装置1865在较高频带中操作的情况下,无线电装置1865将经由APR 1862接收到的上游信道信号1838上变频用于经由链路1808传送到主机节点设备。此外,无线电装置1865可以作为中继器操作,以经由无线链路1808'接收来自其它客户端节点设备1802的上游信道信号1838,并在无线链路1808上中继它们以传输到主机节点设备1804。
现在转到图19A,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的接入点中继器1862的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1900。如结合图18E和18H所讨论的,接入点中继器1862耦合到传输介质125,以经由导波通信系统(GWCS)1810将上游信道信号1838和下游信道信号1828传送到客户端节点设备1802的无线电装置1865或主机节点设备1804的双工器1858以及从客户端节点设备1802的无线电装置1865或主机节点设备1804的双工器1858传送。此外,APR1862经由无线链路1814或1814”就选定的上游信道和下游信道与客户端设备1812进行通信。
在示出的实施例中,APR 1862包括放大器,诸如双向放大器1914,其放大来自无线电装置1865(当在客户端节点设备1802中实现时)或双工器/三工器组件1858(当在主机节点设备1804中实现时)的下游信道信号1828,以生成放大后的下游信道信号。双向(2:1)双工器/共用器1912将放大后的下游信道信号1828传递到耦合器1916和信道选择滤波器1910。信道选择滤波器1910被配置为选择放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个以经由天线1918和无线链路1814与范围内的客户端设备1812进行无线通信。特别地,信道选择滤波器1910可以被配置为根据主机节点设备1804或客户端节点设备1802的物理位置以及用于与不同位置中的客户端设备1812通信的无线链路1814的空间信道重用方案根据一个或多个不同信道来操作不同的APR 1862。在各种实施例中,信道选择滤波器1910包括滤波器,诸如在滤除或衰减其它频率信道的同时使一个或多个选定的频率信道通过的模拟滤波器或数字滤波器。在替代方案中,信道选择滤波器1910可以包括在过滤或阻塞其它信道流的同时使一个或多个选定的信道流通过的分组滤波器或数据滤波器。耦合器1916将放大后的下游信道信号引导到导波通信系统1810或1810'的传输介质125,以作为导行电磁波发射。
如先前所讨论的,APR 1862也能够以互反的方式处理上游信道信号1838。在这种操作模式中,耦合器1916从导波通信系统1810或1810'的传输介质125中提取包含上游信道信号的导行电磁波。其它上游信道信号1838经由天线1918和信道选择滤波器1910被接收。来自这些介质中的每一个的上游信道信号1838被双工器/共用器1912组合,并且被双向放大器1914放大,以取决于APR 1862的实现,传递到无线电装置1865或双工器/三工器组件1858。双工器/共用器1912可以包括作为“信道双工器”操作以经多条通信路径提供双向通信的双工器、共用器、分离器、交换机、路由器和/或其它组件。
现在转到图19B,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的微型中继器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图1925。特别地,诸如微型中继器1806的中继器设备包括耦合器1946,其被配置为从绑定到导波通信系统1810或1810'的传输介质125的或者方向A或者方向B上的导行电磁波中提取下游信道信号1828。诸如双向放大器1944的放大器放大下游信道信号1828以生成放大后的下游信道信号。双向(2:1)信道双工器1942将放大后的下游信道信号1828传递到耦合器1946和信道选择滤波器1940。信道选择滤波器1940被配置为选择放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个以经由天线1948和无线链路1814与范围内的客户端设备1812进行无线通信。特别地,信道选择滤波器1940可以被配置为根据微型中继器1806的物理位置和用于与不同位置中的客户端设备1812通信的无线链路1814的空间信道重用方案根据一个或多个不同信道来操作不同的微型中继器1806。耦合器1946'将放大后的下游信道信号引导到导波通信系统1810或1810'的传输介质125,以在传输介质125上作为导行电磁波发射。
如先前所讨论的,微型中继器1806也能够以互反的方式处理上游信道信号1838。在这种操作模式中,耦合器1946'从导波通信系统1810或1810'的传输介质125中提取包含上游信道信号的导行电磁波。其它上游信道信号1838经由天线1948和信道选择滤波器1940被接收。来自这些介质中的每一个的上游信道信号1838被双向信道双工器1942组合,并且被双向放大器1944放大以传递到耦合器1946以在导波通信系统1810上在或者方向A或者方向B上发射。
现在转到图19C,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的微型中继器的示例、非限制性实施例的组合图和框图1950。特别地,微型中继器1806被示出为在电力公用设施的电线杆上桥接(bridge)绝缘体1952。如图所示,微型中继器1806耦合到传输介质,在这种情况下,耦合到绝缘体1952两侧的电力线。但是,应该注意的是,微型中继器1806的其它安装也是可能的。其它电力公用设施安装包括由其它公用设施结构或由系统的电力线或支撑线支撑。此外,微型中继器1806可以由其它传输介质125或用于其它传输介质125的支撑结构来支撑。
现在转到图19D,其中示出了图示根据本文所述各个方面的频谱的示例、非限制性实施例的示意图1975。特别地,频率信道选择被呈现为结合信道选择滤波器1910或1940所讨论的。如图所示,上游频率信道频带1846的特定上游频率信道1978和下游信道频率频带1844的特定下游频率信道1976被选择为由信道选择滤波器1910或1940通过,其中上游频率信道频带1846和下游信道频带1844的剩余部分被滤除——即被衰减,以便减轻由信道选择滤波器1910或1940通过的期望频率信道的模拟处理的不利影响。应该注意的是,虽然单个特定上游频率信道1978和特定下游频率信道1976被示出为被信道选择滤波器1910或1940选择,但是在其它实施例中,两个或更多个上游和/或下游频率信道可以通过。
应该注意的是,虽然前述内容聚焦于在诸如单条电力线的单个传输介质上操作的主机节点设备1804、客户端节点设备1802和微型中继器1810,但是这些设备中的每一个可以操作以在两条或更多条通信路径上(诸如作为更复杂传输网络的一部分的在不同方向上的传输介质的单独区段或分支)发送和接收。例如,在公用设施的第一电力线区段和第二电力线区段分支出的节点处,主机节点设备1804、客户端节点设备1802或微型中继器1810可以包括沿着第一电力线区段提取和/或发射导行电磁波的第一耦合器和沿着第二电力线区段提取和/或发射导行电磁波的第二耦合器。
现在转到图20A,其中示出了方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图2000。特别地,呈现了用于与结合图1-19呈现的一个或多个功能和特征一起使用的方法。这些方法可以被单独地或同时执行。步骤2002包括从通信网络接收下游数据。步骤2004包括将下游数据调制成对应于导波通信系统的下游频率信道的下游信道信号。步骤2006包括经由有线连接将下游信道信号发送到导波通信系统。步骤2008包括经由有线连接从导波通信系统接收对应于上游频率信道的上游信道信号。步骤2010包括将上游信道信号解调成上游数据。步骤2012包括将上游数据发送到通信网络。
在各种实施例中,下游信道调制器调制下游信道信号以经由由导波通信系统的传输介质引导的导行电磁波运送下游数据。传输介质可以包括导线,并且导行电磁波可以被绑定到导线的外表面。
在各种实施例中,上游频率信道的数量小于、大于或等于下游频率信道的数量。上游信道信号的第一子集可以根据第一标准协议来解调,并且上游信道信号的第二子集可以根据与第一标准协议不同的第二标准协议来解调。
同样,下游信道信号的第一子集可以根据第一标准协议来调制,并且下游信道信号的第二子集可以根据与第一标准协议不同的第二标准协议来调制。
在各种实施例中,主机接口经由光纤光缆耦合到导波通信系统的主机节点设备以发送下游信道信号和接收上游信道信号。上游信道信号的至少一部分和下游信道信号的至少一部分根据电缆系统接口规范上的数据协议或802.11协议进行格式化。
现在转到图20B,其中示出了方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图2020。特别地,呈现了用于与结合图1-19呈现的一个或多个功能和特征一起使用的方法。步骤2022包括从通信网络接收下游信道信号。步骤2024包括在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为导行电磁波。步骤2026包括将下游信道信号无线地传送到至少一个客户端节点设备。
在各种实施例中,无线地传送下游信道信号包括:上变频下游信道信号以生成上变频后的下游信道信号;以及将上变频后的下游信道信号传送到至少一个客户端节点设备。在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为导行电磁波可以包括:在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为沿着传输介质在第一方向上的第一导行电磁波;以及在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为沿着传输介质在第二方向上的第二导行电磁波。
在各种实施例中,传输介质包括导线并且在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为第一导行电磁波包括将下游信道信号耦合到导线的外表面以在第一方向上传播,以及在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为第二导行电磁波包括将下游信道信号耦合到导线的外表面以在第二方向上传播。
该方法还可以包括:放大下游信道信号以生成放大后的下游信道信号;选择性地对放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个进行滤波以生成放大后的下游信道信号的子集;以及经由天线将放大后的下游信道信号的子集无线地传送到多个客户端设备。在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为导行电磁波可以包括:放大下游信道信号以生成放大后的下游信道信号;以及将放大后的下游信道信号耦合到传输介质的外表面以作为导行电磁波传播。
该方法还可以包括从导波通信系统提取第一上游信道信号;以及向通信网络发送第一上游信道信号和/或从至少一个客户端节点设备无线地接收第二上游信道信号和将第二上游信道信号发送到通信网络。
现在转到图20C,其中示出了方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图2040。特别地,呈现了用于与结合图1-19呈现的一个或多个功能和特征一起使用的方法。步骤2042包括从通信网络无线地接收下游信道信号。步骤2044包括在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波。步骤2046包括将下游信道信号无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备。
在各种实施例中,传输介质包括导线并且导行电磁波被绑定到导线的外表面。将下游信道信号无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备可以包括:放大下游信道信号以生成放大后的下游信道信号;选择放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个;以及经由天线将放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备。在导波通信系统上发射下游信道信号作为沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波可以包括:放大下游信道信号以生成放大后的下游信道信号;以及将放大后的下游信道信号引导到导波通信系统的传输介质。
在各种实施例中,从通信网络无线地接收下游信道信号可以包括:将与下游信道信号的载波频率相比具有更高载波频率的RF信号下变频。该方法还可以包括:从导波通信系统中提取第一上游信道信号;以及将第一上游信道信号无线地传送到通信网络。该方法还可以包括:从至少一个客户端设备无线地接收第二上游信道信号;以及将第二上游信道信号无线地传送到通信网络。传输介质可以包括公用设施的电力线。
现在转到图20D,其中示出了方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图2060。特别地,呈现了用于与结合图1-19呈现的一个或多个功能和特征一起使用的方法。步骤2062包括从绑定到导波通信系统的传输介质的第一导行电磁波中提取下游信道信号。步骤2064包括放大下游信道信号以生成放大后的下游信道信号。步骤2066包括选择放大后的下游信道信号中的一个或多个以经由天线无线地传送到至少一个客户端设备。步骤2068包括将放大后的下游信道信号引导到导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第二导行电磁波传播。
在各种实施例中,传输介质包括导线并且第一导行电磁波和第二导行电磁波由导线的外表面引导。下游信道信号或上游信道信号的至少一部分可以根据电缆系统接口规范上的数据协议进行格式化。下游信道信号或上游信道信号的至少一部分可以根据802.11协议或第四代或更高代移动无线协议进行格式化。
在各种实施例中,该方法包括经由天线从至少一个客户端设备无线地接收上游信道信号;放大上游信道信号以生成放大后的上游信道信号;以及将放大后的上游信道信号引导到导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第三导行电磁波传播。下游信道信号可以对应于下游频率信道的数量,并且上游信道信号可以对应于小于或等于下游频率信道的数量的上游的数量。上游信道信号的至少一部分可以根据电缆系统接口规范上的数据协议、802.11协议或者第四代或更高代移动无线协议进行格式化。
虽然为了简化说明的目的,相应过程在图20A、图20B、图20C和图20D中被示出和描述为一系列框,但是应当理解并认识到的是,所要求保护的主题不受框的顺序的限制,因为一些框可以以与本文所绘出和描绘的不同顺序发生和/或与其它框同时发生。此外,可能并不需要所有图示的框来实现本文描述的方法。
现在参考图21,其中示出了根据本文所描述各个方面的计算环境的框图。为了提供用于本文所描述实施例的各种实施例的附加上下文,图21和以下讨论旨在提供对其中可以实现本主题公开的各种实施例的合适的计算环境2100的简要一般描述。虽然上面已经在可以在一个或多个计算机上运行的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了实施例,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,实施例还可以与其它程序模块组合和/或作为硬件和软件的组合来实现。
一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、部件、数据结构等。而且,本领域技术人员将认识到,该发明性方法可以用其它计算机系统配置来实践,包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算机、大型计算机、以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备、基于微处理器的或可编程的消费电子产品等,其中每个可操作地耦合到一个或多个相关联的设备。
如本文所使用的,处理电路包括处理器以及其它专用电路,诸如专用集成电路、数字逻辑电路、状态机、可编程门阵列或其它处理输入信号或数据并作为对其的响应产生输出信号或数据的电路。应当注意的是,虽然本文描述的任何功能和特征与处理器的操作相关联,但是它们可以同样由处理电路来执行。
除非上下文另有清楚,否则如权利要求中所使用的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅仅是为了清晰,而不是另外指示或暗示任何时间次序。例如,“第一确定”、“第二确定”和“第三确定”不指示或暗示第一确定是在第二确定之前进行的,或者反之亦然,等等。
本文实施例的所示实施例还可以在分布式计算环境中实践,其中某些任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储设备两者中。
计算设备通常包括各种介质,其可以包括计算机可读存储介质和/或通信介质,这两个术语在本文如下彼此不同地使用。计算机可读存储介质可以是可由计算机访问的任何可用存储介质,并且包括易失性和非易失性介质、可移动和不可移动介质。作为示例而非限制,计算机可读存储介质可以结合用于存储诸如计算机可读指令、程序模块、结构化数据或非结构化数据的信息的任何方法或技术来实现。
计算机可读存储介质可以包括但不限于随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其它存储器技术、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字通用盘(DVD)或其它光盘存储器、磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储器或其它磁性存储设备或者其它可以被用来存储期望信息的有形的和/或非临时性介质。在这方面,当在本文被应用到存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质时,术语“有形”或“非临时性”应当被应理解为作为修饰语(modifier)排除本身仅仅传播临时性信号并且不放弃对所有本身不仅传播临时性信号的标准存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的权利。
计算机可读存储介质可以由一个或多个本地或远程计算设备访问,例如,经由访问请求、查询或其它数据检索协议,用于关于由该介质存储的信息的各种操作。
通信介质通常在诸如调制的数据信号(例如,载波或其它传输机制)的数据信号中体现计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它结构化或非结构化数据,并且包括任何信息传递或传输介质。术语“调制的数据信号”或信号是指其一个或多个特性以在一个或多个信号中编码信息的方式被设置或改变的信号。作为示例而非限制,通信介质包括有线介质(诸如有线网络或直接连线连接),以及无线介质(诸如声学、RF、红外和其它无线介质)。
再次参考图21,用于经由基站(例如,基站设备1504、宏小区站点1502或基站1614)或中心局点(例如,中心局点1501或1611)的至少一部分发送和接收信号或用于形成该至少一部分的示例环境2100。示例环境2100的至少一部分也可以用于传输设备101或102。示例环境可以包括计算机2102、计算机2102包括处理单元2104、系统存储器2106和系统总线2108。系统总线2108将包括但不限于系统存储器2106的系统部件耦合到处理单元2104。处理单元2104可以是各种可商用的处理器中的任何一种。双微处理器和其它多处理器体系架构也可以被采用作为处理单元2104。
系统总线2108可以是几种类型的总线结构中的任意一种,其可以进一步利用各种市售总线体系架构中的任意一种互连到存储器总线(具有或不具有存储器控制器)、外围总线和局部总线。系统存储器2106包括ROM 2110和RAM 2112。基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)可以存储在诸如ROM、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、EEPROM的非易失性存储器中,其中BIOS包含帮助诸如在启动期间在计算机2102内的元件之间传送信息的基本例程。RAM 2112还可以包括高速RAM,诸如用于高速缓存数据的静态RAM。
计算机2102还包括内部硬盘驱动器(HDD)2114(例如,EIDE、SATA),该内部硬盘驱动器2114还可以被配置成用于在合适的机箱(未示出)中外部使用,计算机1102还包括磁性软盘驱动器(FDD)2116(例如,为了从可移动磁盘2118读取或对其写入)和光盘驱动器2120(例如,读取CD-ROM盘2122,或者从诸如DVD的其它高容量光学介质读取或对其写入)。硬盘驱动器2114、磁盘驱动器2116和光盘驱动器2120可以分别通过硬盘驱动器接口2124、磁盘驱动器接口2126和光盘驱动器接口2128连接到系统总线2108。用于外部驱动器实现的接口2124包括通用串行总线(USB)以及电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)1394接口技术中的至少一个或两者。其它外部驱动器连接技术在本文所描述实施例的预期内。
驱动器及其相关联的计算机可读存储介质提供数据、数据结构、计算机可执行指令等的非易失性存储。对于计算机2102,驱动器和存储介质以合适的数字格式容纳任何数据的存储。虽然上面的计算机可读存储介质的描述涉及硬盘驱动器(HDD)、可移动磁盘和诸如CD或DVD的可移动光学介质,但是本领域技术人员应当认识到,其它类型的计算机可读的存储介质(诸如zip驱动器、磁带盒、闪存卡、盒式磁带等)也可以在示例操作环境中使用,另外,任何此类存储介质都可以包含用于执行本文所描述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
多个程序模块可以存储在驱动器和RAM 2112中,包括操作系统2130、一个或多个应用程序2132、其它程序模块2134和程序数据2136。操作系统、应用、模块和/或数据的全部或部分也可以被高速缓存在RAM 2112中。本文所描述的系统和方法可以利用各种市售的操作系统或操作系统的组合来实现。可以由处理单元2104实现和以其它方式执行的应用程序2132的示例包括由传输设备101或102执行的分集选择确定。
用户可以通过一个或多个有线/无线输入设备(例如,键盘2138和诸如鼠标2140的指点设备)将命令和信息输入到计算机2102中。其它输入设备(未示出)可以包括麦克风、红外(IR)遥控器、操纵杆、游戏板、触控笔、触摸屏等。这些和其它输入设备常常通过可以耦合到系统总线2108的输入设备接口2142连接到处理单元2104,但是可以通过其它接口连接,这些其它接口诸如并行端口、IEEE1394串行端口、游戏端口、通用串行总线(USB)端口、IR接口等。
监视器2144或其它类型的显示设备也可以经由诸如视频适配器2146的接口连接到系统总线2108。还将认识到,在替代实施例中,监视器2144还可以是任何显示设备(例如,具有显示器的另一计算机、智能电话、平板计算机等),用于经由任何通信手段(包括经由互联网和基于云的网络)接收与计算机2102相关联的显示信息。除了监视器2144之外,计算机通常还包括其它外围输出设备(未示出),诸如扬声器、打印机等。
计算机2102可以利用经由到一个或多个远程计算机(诸如远程计算机2148)的有线和/或无线通信的逻辑连接在联网环境中操作。远程计算机2148可以是工作站、服务器计算机、路由器、个人计算机、便携式计算机、基于微处理器的娱乐设备、对等设备或其它公共网络节点,并且通常包括相对于计算机2102描述的许多或全部元件,但是为了简洁,仅示出了存储器/存储设备2150。所绘出的逻辑连接包括到局域网(LAN)2152和/或更大的网络(例如,广域网(WAN)2154)的有线/无线连接。这种LAN和WAN联网环境在办公室和公司中是常见的,并且便于企业范围的计算机网络(诸如内联网),所有这些都可以连接到全球通信网络(例如,互联网)。
当在LAN联网环境中使用时,计算机2102可以通过有线和/或无线通信网络接口或适配器2156连接到本地网络2152。适配器2156可以便于到LAN 2152的有线或无线通信,其还可以包括部署在其上的用于与无线适配器2156通信的无线AP。
当在WAN联网环境中使用时,计算机2102可以包括调制解调器2158或者可以连接到WAN 2154上的通信服务器,或者具有用于经WAN 2154建立通信的其它手段(诸如通过互联网)。可以是内部或外部设备以及有线或无线设备的调制解调器2158可以经由输入设备接口2142连接到系统总线2108。在联网环境中,相对于计算机2102或其部分绘出的程序模块可以存储在远程存储器/存储设备2150中。应当认识到,所示出的网络连接是示例并且可以使用在计算机之间建立通信链路的其它手段。
计算机2102可操作成与可操作地部署在无线通信中的任何无线设备或实体通信,这些无线设备或实体例如打印机、扫描仪、桌面和/或便携式计算机、便携式数据助理、通信卫星、任何与无线可检测标签相关联的装备或位置(例如,信息站、报摊、洗手间)以及电话。这可以包括无线保真(Wi-Fi)和无线技术。因此,通信可以是与常规网络一样的预定义结构或者简单地是至少两个设备之间的自组织(ad hoc)通信。
Wi-Fi可以允许在从家里的沙发、酒店房间的床上或者工作会议室连接到互联网,而无需电线。Wi-Fi是类似于在手机中使用的无线技术,它使这种设备(例如计算机)在室内和室外;在基站范围内的任何地方,发送和接收数据。Wi-Fi网络使用被称为IEEE 802.11(a,b,g,n,ac,ag等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接性。Wi-Fi网络可以被用来将计算机连接到彼此、连接到互联网并且连接到(可以使用IEEE 802.3或以太网的)有线网络。Wi-Fi网络在例如无许可的2.4和5GHz无线电频带内操作,或具有包含这两个频带(双频带)的产品,使得网络可以提供类似于在许多办公室使用的基本10BaseT有线以太网网络的真实世界性能。
图22给出了可以实现和利用本文所述的所公开主题的一个或多个方面的移动网络平台2210的示例实施例2200。在一种或多种实施例中,移动网络平台2210可以生成和接收由与所公开主题相关联的基站(例如,基站设备1504、宏小区站点1502或基站1614)、中心局点(例如,中心局点1501或1611)或者传输设备101或102传送和接收的信号。一般而言,无线网络平台2210可以包括便于分组交换(PS)(例如,互联网协议(IP)、帧中继、异步传送模式(ATM))和电路交换(CS)流量(例如,语音和数据)这两者、以及控制用于联网无线电信的生成的部件,例如节点、网关、接口、服务器或完全不同的平台。作为非限制性示例,无线网络平台2210可以包括在电信运营商网络中,并且如本文其它地方所讨论的那样可以被认为是运营商侧的部件。移动网络平台2210包括(一个或多个)CS网关节点2222,其中CS网关节点2222可以对接从像(一个或多个)电话网络2240(例如,公共交换电话网(PSTN)或公共陆地移动网(PLMN))的传统网络或信令系统#7(SS7)网络2270接收到的CS流量。(一个或多个)电路交换网关节点2222可以授权并认证从这种网络产生的流量(例如,语音)。此外,(一个或多个)CS网关节点2222可以访问通过SS7网络2270生成的移动性,或漫游,数据;例如,存储在被访问位置寄存器(VLR)中的移动性数据,该数据可以驻留在存储器2230中。而且,(一个或多个)CS网关节点2222对接基于CS的流量和信令以及(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218。作为示例,在3GPP UMTS网络中,(一个或多个)CS网关节点2222可以至少部分地在(一个或多个)网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)中实现。应当认识到,(一个或多个)CS网关节点2222、(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218和(一个或多个)服务节点2216的功能和具体操作由用于电信的移动网络平台2210所使用的(一种或多种)无线电技术提供和规定。
除了接收和处理CS交换流量和信令之外,(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218还可以授权并认证与被服务的移动设备的基于PS的数据会话。数据会话可包括与无线网络平台2210外部的网络交换的流量,或(一个或多个)内容,其中网络比如(一个或多个)广域网(WAN)2250、(一个或多个)企业网2270以及(一个或多个)服务网络2280,其中服务网络可以在(一个或多个)局域网(LAN)中体现,也可以通过(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218与移动网络平台2210相接口。应当注意的是,WAN 2250和(一个或多个)企业网2260可以至少部分地体现像IP多媒体子系统(IMS)的(一个或多个)服务网络。基于在(一个或多个)技术资源2217中可用的(一个或多个)无线电技术层,(一个或多个)分组交换网关节点2218可以在数据会话被建立时生成分组数据协议上下文;便于分组化数据的路由的其它数据结构也可以被生成。为此,在一方面,(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218可以包括隧道接口(例如,(一个或多个)3GPP UMTS网络中的隧道终止网关(TTG)(未示出)),该隧道接口可以便于与(一个或多个)不同的无线网络(诸如Wi-Fi网络)的分组化通信。
在实施例2200中,无线网络平台2210还包括(一个或多个)服务节点2216,基于(一个或多个)技术资源2217中可用的(一个或多个)无线电技术层,所述服务节点传送通过(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218接收的数据流的各个分组流。应当注意的是,对于主要依赖于CS通信的(一个或多个)技术资源2217,(一个或多个)服务器节点可以不依赖(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218就输送流量;例如,(一个或多个)服务器节点可以至少部分地体现移动交换中心。作为示例,在3GPP UMTS网络中,(一个或多个)服务节点2216可以在(一个或多个)服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)中体现。
对于采用分组化通信的无线电技术,无线网络平台2210中的(一个或多个)服务器2214可以执行多种应用,这些应用可以生成多个不同的分组化数据流或流动,并且管理(例如,调度、排队,格式化...)这种流。(一个或多个)这种应用可以包括对由无线网络平台2210提供的标准服务(例如,供应、计费、客户支持...)的附加特征。数据流(例如,作为语音呼叫或数据会话的一部分的(一个或多个)内容)可以被传送到(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218,用于数据会话的授权/认证和启动,并且被传送到(一个或多个)服务节点2216,用于其后的通信。除了应用服务器,(一个或多个)服务器2214还可以包括(一个或多个)实用服务器(utility server),实用服务器可以包括供应服务器、操作和维护服务器、可以至少部分地实现证书颁发和防火墙以及其它安全机制的安全服务器,等等。在一方面,(一个或多个)安全服务器保护通过无线网络平台2210被服务的通信,以便作为(一个或多个)CS网关节点2222和(一个或多个)PS网关节点2218可以制定的授权和认证程序的附加,还确保网络的操作和数据完整性。而且,(一个或多个)供应服务器可以供应来自(一个或多个)外部网络(如由不同的服务提供者运营的网络)的服务;例如,WAN 2250或(一个或多个)全球定位系统(GPS)网络(未示出)。(一个或多个)供应服务器还可以通过关联到无线网络平台2210的网络(例如,由同一服务提供者部署和运营)来供应覆盖,网络诸如图1中所示的通过提供更多网络覆盖来增强无线服务覆盖的分布式天线网络。诸如图7、8和9中所示那些的中继器设备也改善网络覆盖,以便增强通过UE 2275的订户服务体验。
应当注意的是,(一个或多个)服务器2214可以包括被配置成至少部分地给予(confer)宏网络平台2210的功能的一个或多个处理器。为此,例如,这一个或多个处理器可以执行存储在存储器2230中的代码指令。应当认识到,(一个或多个)服务器2214可以包括内容管理器2215,其中内容管理器2215以基本上与前文所描述相同的方式操作。
在示例实施例2200中,存储器2230可以存储关于无线网络平台2210的操作的信息。其它操作信息可以包括通过无线网络平台2210被服务的移动设备的供应信息、订户数据库;应用智能、定价方案,例如促销价格、统一费率方案、优惠券活动;与用于不同的无线电或无线技术层的操作的电信协议一致的(一个或多个)技术规范;等等。存储器2230还可以存储来自(一个或多个)电话网络2240、WAN2250、(一个或多个)企业网2270或者SS7网络2260当中至少一个的信息。在一方面,存储器2230可以例如作为数据存储部件或作为远程连接的存储器存储的一部分被访问。
为了提供用于所公开主题的各方面的上下文,图22和以下讨论旨在提供对其中可以实现所公开主题的合适环境的简要的一般描述。虽然以上已经在可以在一个和/或多个计算机上运行的计算机程序的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了本主题,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,所公开的主题也可以结合其它程序模块来实现。一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务和/或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、部件、数据结构,等等。
图23绘出了通信设备2300的说明性实施例。通信设备2300可以用作诸如由本主题公开(例如,在图15、16A和16B中)所参考的移动设备和建筑物内设备的设备的说明性实施例。
通信设备2300可以包括有线和/或无线收发器2302(本文的收发器2302)、用户界面(UI)2304、电源2314、位置接收器2316、运动传感器2318、朝向传感器2320、以及用于管理其操作的控制器2306。收发器2302可以支持诸如WiFi、DECT的短距离或远距离无线接入技术,或者蜂窝通信技术,等等(和是分别由特别兴趣小组和联盟的注册商标)。蜂窝技术可以包括例如CDMA-1X、UMTS/HSDPA、GSM/GPRS、TDMA/EDGE、EV/DO、WiMAX、SDR、LTE以及当其出现时的其它下一代无线通信技术。收发器2302还可以适于支持电路交换有线接入技术(例如PSTN)、分组交换有线接入技术(诸如TCP/IP、VoIP等)及其组合。
UI 2304可以包括具有导航机制(诸如滚球、操纵杆、鼠标或用于操纵通信设备2300的操作的导航盘)的可按压或触摸敏感的小键盘2308。小键盘2308可以是通信设备2300的壳体组件的整体组成部分或通过系留有线接口(诸如USB电缆)或支持例如的无线接口可操作地耦合到其的独立设备。小键盘2308可以表示通常由电话使用的数字小键盘和/或具有字母数字键的QWERTY小键盘。UI 2304还可以包括显示器2310,诸如单色或彩色LCD(液晶显示器)、OLED(有机发光二极管)或用于将图像传达给通信设备2300的终端用户的其它合适的显示器技术。在其中显示器2310是触摸敏感的实施例中,小键盘2308的一部分或全部可以通过具有导航特征的显示器2310来呈现。
显示器2310可以使用触摸屏技术以还用作用于检测用户输入的用户接口。作为触摸屏显示器,通信设备2300可以适于呈现具有可以由用户用手指的触摸来选择的图形用户接口(GUI)元素的用户接口。触摸屏显示器2310可以配备电容式、电阻式或其它形式的感测技术,以检测用户手指的表面积有多少已经放置在触摸屏显示器的一部分上。该感测信息可以用于控制GUI元素的操纵或用户接口的其它功能。显示器2310可以是通信设备2300的壳体组件的整体组成部分,或者是通过系留有线接口(诸如电缆)或无线接口通信地耦合到其的独立设备。
UI 2304还可以包括音频系统2312,其利用音频技术以便传达低音量音频(诸如接近人耳听到的音频)和高音量音频(诸如用于免提操作的扬声器)。音频系统2312还可以包括用于接收终端用户的可听信号的麦克风。音频系统2312还可以用于语音识别应用。UI2304还可以包括用于捕获静止或移动图像的图像传感器2313,诸如电荷耦合器件(CCD)相机。
电源2314可以利用诸如可更换和可再充电电池的公共电力管理技术、供应调节技术和/或用于向通信设备2300的部件提供能量以便于远距离或短距离便携式通信的充电系统技术。可替代地或组合地,充电系统可以利用外部电源,诸如通过诸如USB端口的物理接口或其它合适的系留技术提供的DC电力。
位置接收器2316可以利用位置技术,诸如能够辅助GPS用于基于由GPS卫星的星群生成的信号来识别通信设备2300的位置的全球定位系统(GPS)接收器,其可以用于便于诸如导航的位置服务。运动传感器2318可以利用运动感测技术(诸如加速度计、陀螺仪或其它合适的运动感测技术)来检测通信设备2300在三维空间中的运动。朝向传感器2320可以利用朝向感测技术(诸如磁力计)来检测通信设备2300的朝向(北、南、西和东,以及以度、分或其它合适的朝向度量的组合朝向)。
通信设备2300可以使用收发器2302来通过感测技术(诸如利用接收到的信号强度指示符(RSSI)和/或信号到达时间(TOA)或飞行时间(TOF)测量)还确定与蜂窝、WiFi、或其它无线接入点的接近度。控制器2306可以利用计算技术,诸如微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程门阵列、专用集成电路和/或具有相关联的存储存储器(诸如闪存、ROM、RAM、SRAM、DRAM或其它存储技术)的视频处理器,用于执行计算机指令、控制和处理由通信设备2300的上述部件提供的数据。
图23中未示出的其它部件可以在本主题公开的一种或多种实施例中使用。例如,通信设备2300可以包括用于添加或去除诸如订户身份模块(SIM)卡或通用集成电路卡(UICC)的身份模块的槽。SIM或UICC卡可以用于识别订户服务、执行程序、存储订户数据,等等。
在本说明书,诸如“存储库”、“存储装置”、“数据存储”、“数据存储装置”、“数据库”的术语以及基本上任何其它与部件的操作和功能相关的信息存储部件都是指“存储器部件”,或者体现在“存储器”或包含存储器的部件中的实体。应当认识到的是,本文所描述的存储器部件可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可以既包括易失性又包括非易失性存储器,作为说明而非限制,易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、盘存储装置和存储器存储装置。另外,非易失性存储器可以包括在只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除ROM(EEPROM)或闪存存储器中。易失性存储器可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM),它充当外部高速缓存存储器。作为说明而非限制,RAM以许多形式可用,诸如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)和直接Rambus RAM(DRRAM)。此外,本文所公开的系统或方法的存储器部件意在包括但不限于包括这些和任何其它合适类型的存储器。
而且,应当注意的是,所公开的主题可以利用其它计算机系统配置来实践,包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、微型计算设备、大型计算机,以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备(例如,PDA、电话、智能电话、手表、平板电脑、上网本电脑、等等),基于微处理器的或可编程的消费者或工业电子产品,等等。所说明的各方面也可以在分布式计算环境中实践,其中任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行;但是,本公开的各方面就算不是全部也至少有一些可以在独立的计算机上实践。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储设备这两者中。
本文描述的一些实施例还可以采用人工智能(AI)来便于使本文所描述的一个或多个特征自动化。例如,可以在可选的训练控制器230中使用人工智能来评估和选择候选频率、调制方案、MIMO模式和/或导波模式,以便使传递效率最大化。实施例(例如,与在添加到现有通信网络之后自动识别所获取的提供最大化价值/利益的小区站点有关的)可以采用各种基于AI的方案来执行其各种实施例。而且,分类器可以被用来确定所获取的网络的每个小区站点的排名或优先级。分类器是将输入属性向量x=(x1,x2,x3,x4,...,xn)映射到该输入属于一类(class)的置信度(confidence)的函数,即f(x)=confidence(class)。这种分类可以采用基于概率和/或基于统计的分析(例如,分解成分析效用和成本)来预测或推断用户期望被自动执行的动作。支持向量机(SVM)是可以被采用的分类器的示例。SVM通过找出可能输入的空间中的超曲面来操作,其中超曲面试图分离触发标准与非触发事件。直观地,这使得分类对于接近训练数据但与训练数据不完全相同的测试数据是正确的。其它有向和无向模型分类方法包括例如朴素贝叶斯、贝叶斯网络、决策树、神经网络、模糊逻辑模型和提供可被采用的不同独立性模式的概率分类模型。如本文使用的分类还包括被用来开发优先级模型的统计回归。
如将容易认识到的,一种或多种实施例可以采用经过显式训练(例如,经由一般训练数据)以及隐式训练(例如,经由观察UE行为、运营者偏好、历史信息、接收外来信息)的分类器。例如,SVM可以经由分类器构造器和特征选择模块中的学习或训练阶段来配置。因此,(一个或多个)分类器可以被用来自动学习和执行多个功能,包括但不限于根据预定标准确定所获取的小区站点中哪个将有利于最大数量的订户和/或所获取的小区站点中哪个将向现有的通信网络覆盖添加最小价值,等等。
如在本申请中在一些上下文中所使用的,在一些实施例中,术语“部件”,“系统”等意在指或者包括与计算机相关的实体或者与具有一个或多个具体功能的操作装置相关的实体,其中实体可以是硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件或者执行中的软件。作为示例,部件可以是但不限于是在处理器上运行的过程、处理器、对象、可执行程序、执行线程、计算机可执行的指令、程序和/或计算机。作为说明而非限制,在服务器上运行的应用和服务器都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可以驻留在执行的过程和/或线程内,并且部件可以在一个计算机上本地化和/或在两个或更多个计算机之间分布。此外,这些部件可以从其上存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。这些部件可以经由本地和/或远程过程来通信,诸如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如,来自经由信号与在本地系统、分布式系统中和/或跨诸如互联网的网络和其它系统中的另一个部件交互的一个部件的数据)的信号。作为另一个示例,部件可以是具有由电路系统或电子电路系统操作的机械零件提供的具体功能的装置,电路系统或电子电路系统由处理器所执行的软件或固件应用操作,其中处理器可以在装置的内部或外部并且执行软件或固件应用的至少一部分。作为还有另一个示例,部件可以是通过没有机械零件的电子部件提供具体功能的装置,该电子部件可以在其中包括处理器,以执行至少部分地给予电子部件功能的软件或固件。虽然各种部件被示为单独的部件,但是应当认识到的是,在不背离示例实施例的情况下,多个部件可以被实现为单个部件,或者单个部件可以被实现为多个部件。
另外,各种实施例可以利用标准的编程和/或工程技术被实现为方法、装置或制品,以产生软件、固件、硬件或其任何组合来控制计算机实现所公开的主题。如本文所使用的,术语“制品”是要涵盖可从任何计算机可读设备或计算机可读存储/通信介质访问的计算机程序。例如,计算机可读存储介质可以包括但不限于磁存储设备(例如,硬盘、软盘、磁条)、光盘(例如,压缩光盘(CD)、数字多功能盘(DVD))、智能卡和闪速存储器设备(例如,卡、棒、键驱动器)。当然,本领域技术人员将认识到,在不背离各种实施例的范围或精神的情况下,可以对这种配置做出许多修改。
此外,词语“示例”和“示例性”在本文中被用来指充当实例或说明。本文被描述为“示例”或“示例性”的任何实施例或设计并不一定要被解释为优于或胜过其它实施例或设计。相反,词语示例或示例性的使用意在以具体的方式呈现概念。如在本申请中所使用的,术语“或”意在指包含性的“或”而不是排他性的“或”。即,除非另有指定或从上下文可以清楚,否则“X采用A或B”意在指任何自然的包含性排列。即,如果X采用A;X采用B;或者X采用A和B二者,那么“X采用A或B”在任何以上情况下都满足。此外,如在本申请和所附权利要求书中所使用的,除非另有指定或从上下文清楚看出是针对单数形式,否则“一”和“一个”应当一般性地被解释为指“一个或多个”。
而且,诸如“用户装备”、“移动站”、“移动电话”、“订户站”、“接入终端”、“终端”、“手持机”、“移动设备”(和/或表示类似术语的术语)可以指被无线通信服务的订户或用户用来接收或传送数据、控制、语音、视频、声音、游戏或基本上任何数据流或信令流的无线设备。前述术语在本文并且参照相关的附图可互换使用。
此外,术语“用户”、“订户”、“客户”、“消费者”等贯穿全文可被互换采用,除非上下文保证这些术语之间的特定区分。应当认识到的是,这种术语可以指人类实体或者通过人工智能(例如,至少基于复杂的数学形式体系做出推论的能力)支持的自动化部件,该自动化部件可以提供模拟视觉、声音识别等。
如在本文所采用的,术语“处理器”可以指基本上任何计算处理单元或设备,包括但不限于包括单核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的单处理器;多核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的多核处理器;具有硬件多线程技术的多核处理器;并行平台;以及具有分布式共享存储器的并行平台。此外,处理器可以指被设计为执行本文所描述功能的集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件部件或者其任意组合。处理器可以利用纳米级体系架构,诸如但不限于基于分子和量子点的晶体管、开关和门,以便优化空间的使用或增强用户设备的性能。处理器还可以被实现为计算处理单元的组合。
如本文所使用的,诸如“数据存储装置”、“数据库”的术语以及基本上任何其它与部件的操作和功能相关的信息存储部件都是指“存储器部件”或者在“存储器”或包括存储器的部件中体现的实体。应当认识到的是,本文所描述的存储器部件或计算机可读存储介质可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。
以上所描述的仅仅包括各种实施例的示例。当然,不可能为了描述这些实施例而描述部件或方法的每个可想到的组合,但本领域普通技术人员可以认识到,给出的实施例的许多进一步的组合和排列都是可能的。因此,所公开和/或本文要求保护的实施例是要涵盖属于权利要求的精神和范围之内的所有此类更改、修改和变化。此外,就术语“包括(includes)”在具体描述或权利要求中被使用的范围而言,这种术语是要以类似于术语“包括(comprising)”的方式作为包含性的,就像当“包括”在权利要求中作为过渡词被采用时所解释的那样。
此外,流程图可以包括“开始”和/或“继续”指示。“开始”和“继续”指示反映了所呈现的步骤可以可选地并入其它例程或以其它方式与其它例程结合使用。在这种上下文中,“开始”指示所呈现的第一步骤的开始,并且可能前面是没有具体示出的其它活动。此外,“继续”指示反映了所呈现的步骤可以被多次执行和/或可能后面是没有具体示出的其它活动。此外,虽然流程图指示了步骤的特定顺序,但是只要维持了因果关系的原则,其它顺序同样是可能的。
如本文也可以使用的,(一个或多个)术语“可操作地耦合到”、“耦合到”和/或“耦合”包括在项目之间的直接耦合和/或在项目之间经由一个或多个中间项目的间接耦合。这些项目和中间项目包括但不限于接头、通信路径、部件、电路元件、电路、功能块和/或设备。作为间接耦合的示例,通过修改信号中的信息的形式、性质或格式,可以通过一个或多个中间项目来修改从第一项目运送到第二项目的信号,同时该信号中的信息的一个或多个元素仍然以可由第二项目识别出的方式运送。在还有的间接耦合的示例中,由于一个或多个中间项目中的动作和/或反应,第一项目中的动作可以引起对第二项目的反应。
虽然本文已经示出和描述了具体实施例,但是应当认识到,实现相同或相似目的的任何布置可以代替本主题公开所描述或示出的实施例。本主题公开旨在涵盖各种实施例的任何和所有适配或变化。上述实施例和本文未具体描述的其它实施例的组合可以在本主题公开中使用。例如,来自一种或多种实施例的一个或多个特征可以与一种或多种其它实施例的一个或多个特征组合。在一种或多种实施例中,肯定阐述的特征也可以被否定地阐述,并且被排除在实施例之外,不管有没有被另一个结构和/或功能特征替代。关于本主题公开的实施例描述的步骤或功能可以以任何顺序执行。关于本主题公开的实施例描述的步骤或功能可以单独执行或与本主题公开的其它步骤或功能以及来自其它实施例或来自本主题公开中未描述的其它步骤组合。此外,也可以利用超过或少于关于实施例所描述的所有特征。
Claims (15)
1.一种中继器设备,包括:
第一耦合器,该第一耦合器被配置为从被绑定到导波通信系统的传输介质的第一导行电磁波提取第一信道信号;
放大器,所述放大器被配置为对第一信道信号进行放大以生成放大后的第一信道信号;
信道选择滤波器,所述信道选择滤波器被配置为选择放大后的第一信道信号中的一个或多个以无线地发送到至少一个设备;
第二耦合器,该第二耦合器被配置为将放大后的第一信道信号引导至所述导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第二导行电磁波传播;以及
信道双工器,所述信道双工器被配置为将放大后的第一信道信号传送到第二耦合器和所述信道选择滤波器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中继器设备,其中所述传输介质包括导线,并且第一导行电磁波和第二导行电磁波由所述导线的外表面引导。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中继器设备,其中第一信道信号的至少一部分根据电缆系统接口规范上的数据(DOCSIS)协议被格式化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的中继器设备,其中第一信道信号的至少一部分根据802.11协议或者第四代或更高代移动无线协议被格式化。
5.根据权利要求1所述的中继器设备,其中所述信道选择滤波器还被配置为无线地接收来自所述至少一个设备的第二信道信号;
所述信道双工器将第二信道信号传送至所述放大器;
所述放大器对第二信道信号进行放大以生成放大后的第二信道信号;以及
第一耦合器将放大后的第二信道信号引导至所述导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第三导行电磁波传播。
6.根据权利要求5所述的中继器设备,其中所述放大器是双向放大器。
7.根据权利要求5所述的中继器设备,其中第一信道信号对应于多个第一频率信道,并且第二信道信号对应于多个第二频率信道,其中第二频率信道的数量少于第一频率信道的数量。
8.根据权利要求5所述的中继器设备,其中放大后的第一信道信号中的所述一个或多个对应于多个第一频率信道,并且第二信道信号对应于多个第二频率信道,其中第二频率信道的数量等于第一频率信道的数量。
9.根据权利要求5所述的中继器设备,其中第二信道信号的至少一部分根据电缆系统接口规范上的数据(DOCSIS)协议、802.11协议或者第四代或更高代移动无线协议被格式化。
10.根据权利要求1所述的中继器设备,其中所述信道双工器包括经由模拟信号处理来操作的双工器。
11.一种方法,包括:
通过中继器设备的第一耦合器从被绑定到导波通信系统的传输介质的第一导行电磁波提取第一信道信号;
通过所述中继器设备的放大器对第一信道信号进行放大以生成放大后的第一信道信号;
通过所述中继器设备的信道选择滤波器选择放大后的第一信道信号中的一个或多个以无线地发送到至少一个设备;以及
由所述中继器设备的第二耦合器将放大后的第一信道信号中的所述一个或多个引导至所述导波通信系统的传输介质以作为第二导行电磁波传播。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述传输介质包括导线,并且第一导行电磁波和第二导行电磁波由所述导线的外表面引导。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述第一信道信号的至少一部分根据电缆系统接口规范上的数据(DOCSIS)协议被格式化。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述第一信道信号的至少一部分根据802.11协议或者第四代或更高代移动无线协议被格式化。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述信道选择滤波器还被配置为无线地接收来自所述至少一个设备的第二信道信号。
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CA2987732A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
US20160365916A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
US9608692B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
WO2016200491A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
BR112017026305A2 (pt) | 2018-12-11 |
US20160365894A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
US20160365893A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
US10686516B2 (en) | 2020-06-16 |
US10341008B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
US10027398B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
US10142010B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
US20190334612A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
JP2018524878A (ja) | 2018-08-30 |
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