CN204760545U - 一种共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线 - Google Patents

一种共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线 Download PDF

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CN204760545U
CN204760545U CN201520566541.0U CN201520566541U CN204760545U CN 204760545 U CN204760545 U CN 204760545U CN 201520566541 U CN201520566541 U CN 201520566541U CN 204760545 U CN204760545 U CN 204760545U
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易韵
罗康
段艳涛
王依刚
张波
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PLA University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本实用新型提供了一种共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线,包括介质基板、L型地板、L型接地微带条以及Y型微带馈线;Y型微带馈线的下端延伸至介质基板的下边缘处形成馈电端;在Y型微带馈线的下端右侧设置有矩形调谐微带条;在Y型微带馈线的下端右侧设有矩形地板;馈电端介于L型地板和矩形地板之间;在L型地板与矩形地板之间连接有接地连接线,且在介质基板的左侧边缘、上侧边缘和右侧边缘处均设有折叠段;L型接地微带条的两端分别垂直于所在顶角处的两侧边缘,且左侧边缘的折叠段位于左上角的L型接地微带条内,右侧边缘处的折叠段位于右下角的L型接地微带条内。该微带天线在确保带宽的条件下具备较小的体积,市场应用前景较好。

Description

一种共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种微带天线,尤其是一种宽带圆极化微带天线。
背景技术
电小天线在无线通信系统和手持通信设备中应用广泛。已有不少学者作了相关研究,如Hilbert、Koch、Peno、EBG等分形结构,但天线分形使其结构变得复杂,同时参数敏感性增强,加工精度要求提高。现有技术中,R.H.Chen采用C型环缝加载实现微带天线小型化,然而天线地板较大(2.45GHz,60×60mm2),H.Liu采用人工磁导体(AMC)结构实现小型化,然而阻抗带宽较窄(相对带宽0.8%,λ/12.5×λ/15.6×λ/47),并且均为线极化天线。
发明内容
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种电小宽带圆极化微带天线。
为了解决上述技术问题,本实用新型提供了一种共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线,包括矩形的介质基板、设置于介质基板上表面左下角处的L型地板、设置于介质基板上表面左上角和右下角的L型接地微带条以及设置于介质基板上表面中心处的Y型微带馈线;Y型微带馈线的下端延伸至介质基板上表面的下边缘处形成馈电端;在Y型微带馈线的下端右侧一体化设置有矩形调谐微带条;在Y型微带馈线的下端右侧设有与右下角的L型接地微带条一体化设置的矩形地板;馈电端介于L型地板和矩形地板之间,且在馈电端左右两侧存在等宽的条形缝隙;在L型地板与矩形地板之间沿介质基板上表面的左侧边缘、上侧边缘、右侧边缘以及下侧边缘连接有接地连接线,且接地连接线在介质基板的左侧边缘、上侧边缘和右侧边缘处均设有折叠段;L型接地微带条的两端分别垂直于所在顶角处的两侧边缘,且介质基板左侧边缘的折叠段位于左上角的L型接地微带条与左上角构成的环形回路内,介质基板右侧边缘处的折叠段位于右下角的L型接地微带条与右下角构成的环形回路内。
采用在介质基板的左侧边缘、上侧边缘和右侧边缘处设置折叠段,使电流沿曲折路径流过,从而减小天线电尺寸并保证足够长的传输路径,降低了天线轴比中心频率,减小了天线体积并优化圆极化条件;采用在介质基板上表面左上角和右下角加载L型接地微带条,改变地板缝隙的电流分布以实现圆极化辐射,保证天线的宽带特性;采用矩形调谐微带条能够增加微带馈线和右侧L型接地微带条之间的耦合,通过调节矩形调谐微带条的宽度展宽输入阻抗带宽;采用介质基板上表面中心处设置Y型微带馈线,降低了天线阻抗中心频率,进而实现了小型化。
作为本实用新型的进一步限定方案,Y型微带馈线的右侧分支长度为14mm,左侧分支长度为6~9mm,左侧分支和右侧分支的宽度均为3.1mm。随着Y型微带馈线的左侧分支长度l的增加,天线阻抗中心频率向低频移动,轴比在1.65-2.1GHz的频带范围内小于3dB,然而轴比特性在高频部分变差,天线轴比带宽小于阻抗带宽,尤其是在低频部分,因此,尽管天线的阻抗中心频率还可通过增加Y型微带馈线的左侧分支长度l来继续降低,但轴比带宽会进一步变窄,所以将左侧分支长度l设置为9mm为最优选择。
作为本实用新型的进一步限定方案,矩形调谐微带条的宽度为1.5~2.5mm,长度为13mm。由于矩形调谐微带条和右侧L型接地微带条之间存在较强的耦合,矩形调谐微带条在调节天线阻抗的同时对轴比也有一定的影响,当矩形调谐微带条的宽度w大于2.5mm时,阻抗和轴比特性都变差,所以将矩形调谐微带条的宽度设置为2.5mm为最优选择。
作为本实用新型的进一步限定方案,折叠段呈U形凹陷折叠,且左侧边缘和右侧边缘处的折叠段的凹陷深度m为9~10mm,上侧边缘的折叠段的凹陷深度n为8~9mm,折叠段使得轴比中心频率逐渐向低频偏移,阻抗中心频率几乎保持不变。然而,轴比特性对折叠段的凹陷深度参数较为敏感:当m大于10mm时,轴比在高频部分(2.15GHz)恶化剧烈;当n大于9mm时,轴比在1.9GHz附近恶化剧烈,所以m和n的最优尺寸分别为10mm和9mm。
本实用新型的有益效果在于:(1)采用在介质基板的左侧边缘、上侧边缘和右侧边缘处设置折叠段,使电流沿曲折路径流过,从而减小天线电尺寸并保证足够长的传输路径,降低了天线轴比中心频率,减小了天线体积并优化圆极化条件;(2)采用在介质基板上表面左上角和右下角加载L型接地微带条,改变地板缝隙的电流分布以实现圆极化辐射,保证天线的宽带特性;(3)采用矩形调谐微带条能够增加微带馈线和右侧L型接地微带条之间的耦合,通过调节矩形调谐微带条的宽度展宽输入阻抗带宽;(4)采用介质基板上表面中心处设置Y型微带馈线,降低了天线阻抗中心频率,进而实现了小型化。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的天线上表面结构示意图;
图2为本实用新型的侧视结构示意图;
图3为本实用新型的天线在ωt=0°时的表面电流归一化分布示意图;
图4为本实用新型的天线在ωt=90°时的表面电流归一化分布示意图;
图5为本实用新型的天线在ωt=180°时的表面电流归一化分布示意图;
图6为本实用新型的天线在ωt=270°时的表面电流归一化分布示意图;
图7为本实用新型的天线测试方向图(1.7GHz);
图8为本实用新型的天线测试方向图(1.9GHz);
图9为本实用新型的天线测试方向图(2.1GHz);
图10为本实用新型的天线阻抗仿真测试图;
图11为本实用新型的天线轴比仿真测试图。
图中:1、折叠段,2、L型接地微带条,3、Y型微带馈线,4、矩形调谐微带条,5、L型地板,6、馈电端,7、介质基板,8、矩形地板。
具体实施方式
如图1和2所示,本实用新型提供的一种共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线,包括矩形的介质基板7、设置于介质基板7上表面左下角处的L型地板5、设置于介质基板7上表面左上角和右下角的L型接地微带条2以及设置于介质基板7上表面中心处的Y型微带馈线3;Y型微带馈线3的下端延伸至介质基板7上表面的下边缘处形成馈电端6;在Y型微带馈线3的下端右侧一体化设置有矩形调谐微带条4;在Y型微带馈线3的下端右侧设有与右下角的L型接地微带条2一体化设置的矩形地板8;馈电端6介于L型地板5和矩形地板8之间,且在馈电端6左右两侧存在等宽的条形缝隙;在L型地板5与矩形地板8之间沿介质基板7上表面的左侧边缘、上侧边缘、右侧边缘以及下侧边缘连接有接地连接线,且接地连接线在介质基板7的左侧边缘、上侧边缘和右侧边缘处均设有折叠段1;L型接地微带条2的两端分别垂直于所在顶角处的两侧边缘,且介质基板7左侧边缘的折叠段1位于左上角的L型接地微带条2与左上角构成的环形回路内,介质基板7右侧边缘处的折叠段1位于右下角的L型接地微带条2与右下角构成的环形回路内。
其中,Y型微带馈线3的右侧分支长度为14mm,左侧分支长度l为6~9mm,左侧分支和右侧分支的宽度均为3.1mm。矩形调谐微带条4的宽度w为1.5~2.5mm,长度为13mm。折叠段1呈U形凹陷折叠,且左侧边缘和右侧边缘处的折叠段1的凹陷深度m为9~10mm,上侧边缘的折叠段1的凹陷深度n为8~9mm。
介质基板7的尺寸为60×60×1.6mm3,介电常数εr=4.4,损耗角正切tanδ=0.02;L型接地微带条2、Y型微带馈线3、矩形调谐微带条4、L型地板5、馈电端6、矩形地板8以及接地连接线均蚀刻在介质基板7的上表面上;接地连接线的宽度为1mm;
如图3-6所示,给出了天线在1.7GHz表面电流归一化分布示意图,可以看出电流主要分布在矩形调谐微带条4附近和缝隙地板(指天线的前半部分,即前侧30×60mm2的区域,包括折叠段1、L型接地微带条2和接地连接线)的前侧,前者主要调节天线阻抗匹配,后者主要调节天线的轴比特性,天线其它部分电流近似为零。当ωt=0°时,分布在L型地板5右前侧的主导电流沿-x轴分布;当ωt=90°时,分布在缝隙地板左前侧和右侧L型接地微带条2上的主导电流沿-y轴分布;当ωt=180°或者ωt=270°时,电流与ωt=0°或者ωt=90°时幅度相等、相位相反。因此,电流在+z轴伴随90°的时延呈右手旋转,即天线在+z(-z)辐射右旋(左旋)圆极化波。
小型化共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线在矩形调谐微带条4和右侧L型接地微带条2之间存在较强的耦合,矩形调谐微带条4在调节天线阻抗的同时对轴比也有一定的影响,当矩形调谐微带条4宽度w大于2.5mm时,阻抗和轴比特性都变差。随着Y型微带馈线3的左侧分支长度l的增加(大于9mm),天线阻抗中心频率向低频移动,轴比在1.65-2.1GHz的频带范围内小于3dB,然而轴比特性在高频部分变差。天线轴比带宽小于阻抗带宽,尤其是在低频部分,因此,尽管天线的阻抗中心频率还可通过增加Y型微带馈线3的长度来继续降低,但轴比带宽会进一步变窄,对于线极化天线可采用上述结论进一步实现小型化。Y型微带馈线3的右侧分支对天线特性影响与左侧分支一致,不再赘述。基于以上考虑,w和l的最优尺寸分别为2.5mm、9mm。
折叠段1使轴比中心频率逐渐向低频偏移,阻抗中心频率几乎保持不变。然而,轴比的值对折叠段1的凹陷深度参数较为敏感:当m大于10mm时,轴比的值在高频部分(2.15GHz)恶化剧烈;当n大于9mm时,轴比的值在1.9GHz附近恶化剧烈。m和n的最优尺寸分别为10mm、9mm。
综上所述,证实了共面波导馈电宽带圆极化天线的轴比带宽主要由L型接地微带条2调节,阻抗带宽主要由Y型微带馈线3调节。与此同时,当参数不剧烈变化时,天线特性变化缓慢,比如在仿真中,当参数m由9.5mm增大到10mm时,辐射方向图、增益、前后比等特性几乎不变,表明天线能够接纳较小的加工误差。
如图7-9所示,其中,为右旋圆极化,为左旋圆极化,为右旋圆极化,为左旋圆极化。可以看出共面波导馈电圆极化微带天线在两个主平面内具有较低的交叉极化,在1.7-2.1GHz的频带范围内低于-17dB,与此同时在较宽的波束范围内交叉极化也较低,显示了良好的宽波束特性。当θ=0°、θ=90°和θ=180°时,天线极化方式分别为右旋圆极化、线极化、左旋圆极化。方向图不对称是由于不对称Y型微带馈线3和缝隙地板造成的。
AgilentN5230C矢量网络分析仪测得输入阻抗带宽为88.9%(1.15-2.19GHz),仿真与测试结果吻合较好,如图10所示。天线轴比测试结果如图11所示。测试轴比在1.53-2.24GHz的频带范围内小于3dB,3dB轴比带宽为80.52%。测试轴比带宽略小于仿真轴比带宽,两者之间的差异是主要是由加工误差、测试环境等因素引起的。
测试增益在整个阻抗带宽内相对较低,最大增益为3.37dBi(2GHz),3-dB增益带宽为79.36%。造成天线增益较低的因素有很多,比如:天线本身的电小结构所占有的贴片表面积较小;较高的损耗角正切(tanδ=0.02);矩形调谐微带条4和Y型微带馈线3之间的强耦合,如图3-6所示,两者的表面电流沿x轴反向分布,因此电场在远区场有相互削弱的效果;天线双向辐射且波束较宽。
仿真结果表明,天线在1.7GHz还具备较宽的轴比波瓣,面和面3-dB轴比波瓣宽度分别为100°和80°。面轴比波瓣宽度窄于面,主要是由于电流的非对称分布引起的。与此同时,轴比在上半平面(θ=0°)和下半平面(θ=180°)附近小于3dB,表明天线双向辐射且具有良好的圆极化特性。
本实用新型的天线交叉极化隔离度在整个工作带宽内相对较低,阻抗带宽为88.9%(1.15-2.19GHz),3-dB轴比带宽为37.7%(1.53-2.235GHz),面和面3-dB轴比波瓣宽度分别为100°、65°,适用于GPS等通信系统。

Claims (4)

1.一种共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线,其特征在于:包括矩形的介质基板(7)、设置于介质基板(7)上表面左下角处的L型地板(5)、设置于介质基板(7)上表面左上角和右下角的L型接地微带条(2)以及设置于介质基板(7)上表面中心处的Y型微带馈线(3);Y型微带馈线(3)的下端延伸至介质基板(7)上表面的下边缘处形成馈电端(6);在Y型微带馈线(3)的下端右侧一体化设置有矩形调谐微带条(4);在Y型微带馈线(3)的下端右侧设有与右下角的L型接地微带条(2)一体化设置的矩形地板(8);馈电端(6)介于L型地板(5)和矩形地板(8)之间,且在馈电端(6)左右两侧存在等宽的条形缝隙;在L型地板(5)与矩形地板(8)之间沿介质基板(7)上表面的左侧边缘、上侧边缘、右侧边缘以及下侧边缘连接有接地连接线,且接地连接线在介质基板(7)的左侧边缘、上侧边缘和右侧边缘处均设有折叠段(1);L型接地微带条(2)的两端分别垂直于所在顶角处的两侧边缘,且介质基板(7)左侧边缘的折叠段(1)位于左上角的L型接地微带条(2)与左上角构成的环形回路内,介质基板(7)右侧边缘处的折叠段(1)位于右下角的L型接地微带条(2)与右下角构成的环形回路内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线,其特征在于:Y型微带馈线(3)的右侧分支长度为14mm,左侧分支长度为6~9mm,左侧分支和右侧分支的宽度均为3.1mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线,其特征在于:矩形调谐微带条(4)的宽度为1.5~2.5mm,长度为13mm。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的共面波导馈电宽带圆极化微带天线,其特征在于:折叠段(1)呈U形凹陷折叠,且左侧边缘和右侧边缘处的折叠段(1)的凹陷深度为9~10mm,上侧边缘的折叠段(1)的凹陷深度为8~9mm。
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CN110233335A (zh) * 2019-05-09 2019-09-13 哈尔滨工业大学 基于人工磁导体的宽带小型化低剖面双极化天线
TWI704723B (zh) * 2019-08-20 2020-09-11 國立高雄科技大學 Rfid讀取器之圓極化小型天線
CN114639954A (zh) * 2022-05-19 2022-06-17 南京慧尔视智能科技有限公司 一种宽带共面波导转脊波导的馈电结构

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