WO2015120626A1 - 多波段共口径天线 - Google Patents

多波段共口径天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015120626A1
WO2015120626A1 PCT/CN2014/072150 CN2014072150W WO2015120626A1 WO 2015120626 A1 WO2015120626 A1 WO 2015120626A1 CN 2014072150 W CN2014072150 W CN 2014072150W WO 2015120626 A1 WO2015120626 A1 WO 2015120626A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microstrip patch
antenna
patch antenna
dielectric substrate
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/072150
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜明德
蔡华
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201480045961.2A priority Critical patent/CN105493348B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/072150 priority patent/WO2015120626A1/zh
Publication of WO2015120626A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015120626A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to communication technologies, and in particular, to a multi-band common aperture antenna. Background technique
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a common aperture of a microstrip patch antenna and a slot antenna of the prior art.
  • the slot antenna 2 constitutes a slot antenna array of one band, a microstrip patch antenna 3, and a microstrip patch antenna 5
  • the microstrip patch antennas 4 respectively form a patch antenna array of three bands, and realize antennas operating in different bands.
  • the problem of the prior art one is that the three-band microstrip patch antennas do not have a common aperture, and work between microstrip patch antennas of different wavelength bands and between them and the slot antennas, the antenna surface wave cannot be suppressed. , will produce strong mutual coupling.
  • the microstrip patch antenna is horizontally disposed, and the vibrator antenna and the microstrip patch antenna are vertically disposed to achieve a common aperture and can operate in two bands.
  • the problem of the prior art 2 is that the two-band aperture has overlapping occlusion, affecting the radiation efficiency of different bands, and increasing the height of the microstrip patch antenna. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a multi-band common-caliber antenna to overcome the problem that the surface acoustic wave of the common-caliber antenna cannot be suppressed in the prior art, and the mutual mutual coupling is generated, and the radiation efficiency of the antennas of different bands is affected.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-band common aperture antenna, including:
  • the CTS antenna includes a planar waveguide cavity feed structure and is disposed on the planar waveguide cavity feed structure and along a first side a plurality of strip waveguide radiating units disposed at intervals; a dielectric substrate disposed between adjacent ones of the strip waveguide radiating units and located on an upper surface of the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure, the dielectric substrate Providing an upper surface with a microstrip patch antenna array, the microstrip patch antenna array including a plurality of microstrip patch antenna units spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, at least one of The number of microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on the dielectric substrate is not less than two; the microstrip patch antenna array disposed on each of the dielectric substrates constitutes the microstrip patch antenna.
  • the number of microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on any two adjacent dielectric substrates is the same.
  • the strip waveguide radiating element at the intermediate position of the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure is an symmetry axis, and the strip waveguide radiating unit at the intermediate position is on both sides
  • the number of microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on each of the dielectric substrates is gradually reduced.
  • the dielectric substrate at an intermediate position on the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure is an symmetry axis, and the microstrip disposed on each of the dielectric substrates on both sides of the intermediate substrate The number of patch antenna arrays is gradually decreasing.
  • a spacing between the microstrip patch antenna arrays on both sides of the strip waveguide radiating unit and a microstrip patch disposed on the same one of the dielectric substrates The spacing between the patch antenna arrays is the same.
  • an upper surface of the dielectric substrate is equal to an upper surface of the strip waveguide radiating unit, Or lower than the upper surface of the strip waveguide radiating element.
  • the number of microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on each of the dielectric substrates is according to the microstrip patch A multiplication ratio setting between the antenna and the CTS antenna.
  • a seventh possible implementation at least two of the microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on each of the dielectric substrates The connection between the patch antenna units is carried out by means of feed, feed or ⁇ .
  • the feeding manner of each microstrip patch antenna array includes direct feeding or coupling feeding.
  • each of the strip waveguide radiating elements is equally spaced.
  • the multi-band common aperture antenna of the embodiment of the invention includes a CTS antenna and a microstrip patch antenna; wherein
  • the CTS antenna includes a planar waveguide cavity feed structure and a plurality of strip waveguide radiating elements; a dielectric substrate is disposed between adjacent ones of the strip waveguide radiating elements and on an upper surface of the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure a microstrip patch antenna array is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the microstrip patch antenna array includes a plurality of microstrip patch antenna units, and at least one microstrip patch antenna disposed on the dielectric substrate The number of arrays is not less than two; the microstrip patch antenna array disposed on each of the above dielectric substrates constitutes a microstrip patch antenna, and the microstrip patch antenna is placed in the interval of the strip waveguide radiating elements of the CTS antenna
  • the common aperture is realized without increasing the CTS antenna profile height and physical aperture, and the CTS antenna and the microstrip patch antenna operate in different bands, and the strip waveguide
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a common aperture of a microstrip patch antenna and a slot antenna according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic overall structural view of a multi-band common aperture antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic overall structural diagram of a CTS antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a CTS antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric substrate filled between strip-shaped waveguide radiating elements of a CTS antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a microstrip patch antenna array disposed on a filled dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7A is a top plan view 1 of a first embodiment of a multi-band common aperture antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7B is a top plan view 2 of the first embodiment of the multi-band common aperture antenna according to the present invention.
  • 7C is a top view III of the first embodiment of the multi-band common aperture antenna according to the present invention
  • 8A is a top plan view 4 of a first embodiment of a multi-band common aperture antenna according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8B is a top plan view 5 of the first embodiment of the multi-band common aperture antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 1 of a multi-band common aperture antenna used in a base station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram 2 of the application of the multi-band common aperture antenna in the base station according to the present invention.
  • the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic overall structural view of Embodiment 1 of a multi-band common aperture antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a CTS antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a CTS antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric substrate filled between strip-shaped waveguide radiating elements of a CTS antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6 is a schematic diagram of an array of microstrip patch antennas disposed on a filled dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7A is a top plan view of a first embodiment of a multi-band common aperture antenna according to the present invention.
  • 7B is a top view of the first embodiment of the multi-band common aperture antenna of the present invention.
  • 7C is a top plan view of the first embodiment of the multi-band common aperture antenna of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 6, and FIG.
  • the multi-band common-caliber antenna 100 of the present embodiment includes: a continuous transverse branch CTS antenna 10 and a microstrip patch antenna 20; wherein the CTS antenna 10 includes a planar waveguide a cavity feed structure 101 and a plurality of strip waveguide radiating elements 102 disposed on the planar waveguide cavity feed structure 101 and spaced apart in the first direction; between adjacent strip waveguide radiating elements 102 and in a plane
  • a dielectric substrate 103 is disposed on an upper surface of the waveguide cavity feeding structure 101.
  • the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 103 is provided with a microstrip patch antenna array 201, and the microstrip patch antenna array 201 includes a second perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the plurality of microstrip patch antenna units 2010 are spaced apart in the direction, and the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on the at least one dielectric substrate 103 is not less than two; the microstrip patch antennas disposed on each of the dielectric substrates 103
  • the array 201 constitutes a microstrip patch antenna 20.
  • a continuous transverse stub (CTS) antenna is formed by slotting the planar waveguide cavity feed structure 101, that is, a plurality of strips spaced apart in the first direction.
  • the waveguide radiating unit 102 realizes the horizontal direction, that is, the first direction (water in FIG. 4)
  • the direction indicated by the flat arrow) is the interception of the electromagnetic wave transmission, and the electromagnetic wave is radiated from the strip waveguide radiating unit 102 (the direction indicated by the vertical upward arrow in Fig. 3).
  • the CTS antenna is characterized by an ultra-low side lobes and a simple structure, and is therefore commonly used in the design of antennas requiring relatively high side lobes.
  • the planar waveguide cavity feed structure 101 is a low profile planar waveguide cavity, and the structure thereof can be realized by a metal cavity, a plastic metallization cavity or a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavity, etc., the cavity
  • the inside may be a vacuum or a medium having low loss; the strip waveguide radiating unit 102 is apart from the radiation direction (the vertical upward direction indicated by the arrow in FIGS. 3 and 4) and the plane waveguide cavity feeding structure 101.
  • the other four sides are metal surfaces 105, wherein the connection between the feeding structure and the radiating element is realized at the connection with the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure 101, and electromagnetic wave radiation is realized at the radiating surface.
  • the medium is provided for the microstrip patch antenna 20 and the CTS antenna 10, and the CTS antenna 10 is used at the same time.
  • the upper surface 106 of the planar waveguide cavity feed structure 101 serves as the ground of the microstrip patch antenna 20, and constitutes a basic printed circuit board (PCB) structure.
  • a microstrip patch antenna array 201 is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 103 to realize a common aperture of the CTS antenna and the microstrip patch antenna.
  • the microstrip patch antenna array 201 includes a plurality of microstrip patch antenna units 2010 spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction (ie, the vertical direction in FIG. 7A), at least one The number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on the dielectric substrate 103 is not less than two.
  • the same number of microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 may be disposed on each of the dielectric substrates 103, and the microstrips disposed on the respective dielectric substrates 103
  • the patch antenna array 201 constitutes a microstrip patch antenna 20.
  • the strip waveguide radiating unit 102 of the CTS antenna 10 and the microstrip patch antenna unit 2010 of the microstrip patch antenna 20 are completely unobstructed, and the radiation efficiency between the antennas of different bands is less affected.
  • the dielectric substrate 103 is added between the strip waveguide radiating elements 102 of the CTS antenna, and the upper surface of the planar waveguide feeding structure 101 of the CTS antenna is used to realize the PCB structure. In the process of realizing the PCB structure, the CTS antenna is not added. Profile height.
  • the number of microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on any two adjacent dielectric substrates is the same.
  • each microstrip patch antenna array 201 includes a plurality of microstrip patch antenna units 2010 spaced apart in the vertical direction in FIG. 7A.
  • the strip waveguide radiating element at an intermediate position on the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure is an symmetry axis, and the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on the dielectric substrates on both sides of the strip waveguide radiating unit at the intermediate position is gradually Decrement.
  • the strip waveguide radiating unit 102 at the intermediate position on the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure is an axis of symmetry, that is, the third strip waveguide radiating unit 102 from the left to the right in the figure, and the strip waveguide in the middle position.
  • the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on the respective dielectric substrates on both sides of the radiating unit 102 is gradually decreased.
  • the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on the dielectric substrate 103 of the interval a and the interval a' is three.
  • the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 provided on the dielectric substrate 103 of the interval b and the interval b' is two, and the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 provided on the dielectric substrate 103 having the interval c and the interval c' is one.
  • the dielectric substrate at an intermediate position on the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure is an symmetry axis, and the number of microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on the dielectric substrates on both sides of the medium substrate at the intermediate position is gradually decreased.
  • the dielectric substrate 103 at the intermediate position on the planar waveguide cavity feeding structure is an axis of symmetry, that is, the third dielectric substrate 103 from left to right in the drawing, and the dielectric substrates on both sides of the dielectric substrate 103 at the intermediate position.
  • the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on the 103 is gradually decreased, and the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on the dielectric substrate 103 of the interval a is 3 (the microstrip stickers provided on the intermediate substrate 103 in the intermediate position)
  • the number of the patch antenna arrays 201 is the largest.
  • the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on the dielectric substrate 103 of the interval b and the interval b' is two, and the microstrip patch provided on the dielectric substrate 103 with the interval c and the interval c'
  • the number of patch antenna arrays 201 is one.
  • the spacing between the microstrip patch antenna arrays on either side of the strip waveguide radiating element is the same as the spacing between the microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on the same dielectric substrate.
  • the interval between the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 on both sides of the strip waveguide radiating unit 102 is between the interval d and the microstrip patch antenna array 201 disposed on the same dielectric substrate 103.
  • the interval is the same as the interval d'.
  • the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is equal to the upper surface of the strip waveguide radiating element or lower than the upper surface of the strip waveguide radiating element.
  • the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 103 may be equal to the upper surface of the strip waveguide radiating unit 102 or lower than the upper surface of the strip waveguide radiating unit 102.
  • the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 103 is slightly lower than the upper surface of the strip waveguide radiating unit 102, and the metal side of the strip waveguide radiating unit 20 of the CTS antenna periodically groups and isolates the microstrip patch antenna array 201. The suppression of the surface wave of the microstrip patch antenna.
  • the number of microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on each of the dielectric substrates 103 is set according to a multiplication ratio between the microstrip patch antenna 20 and the CTS antenna 10.
  • the frequency multiplication ratio between the microstrip patch antenna 20 and the CTS antenna 10 is twice, and the number of the microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on each of the dielectric substrates 103 is two.
  • Three or four microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 and the like can be set according to the multiplication frequency, for example, 3 times or 4 times.
  • FIG. 8A is a top view of a first embodiment of a multi-band common aperture antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8B is a top plan view 5 of the first embodiment of the multi-band common aperture antenna of the present invention.
  • each of the microstrip patch antenna units adopts a connection manner of feeding, feeding, or twisting.
  • each microstrip patch antenna unit 2010 is fed by a feedthrough connection manner, as shown in FIG. 8A, in at least two microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on each of the dielectric substrates 103, each microstrip patch antenna unit 2010 is fed by a feedthrough connection manner, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8B in at least two microstrip patch antenna arrays 201 disposed on each of the dielectric substrates 103, each of the microstrip patch antenna units 2010 is fed by a connection method of ⁇ and feed, and only a feed can be used. In the way, the current direction of the current can be changed by different feeding methods to change the polarization direction of the antenna, and the microstrip patch antenna and the CTS antenna can form the same direction or orthogonal polarization.
  • the feeding mode of each microstrip patch antenna array includes direct feeding or coupling feeding.
  • the feeding path of each microstrip patch antenna array may be in the same plane as the microstrip patch antenna array, or may not be in the same plane, that is, the feeding mode may be direct feeding or coupled feeding.
  • each strip waveguide radiating element is equally spaced.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the application of the multi-band common-caliber antenna in the base station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the application of the multi-band common-caliber antenna in the base station.
  • the present invention can be applied to a multi-band antenna design of a base station.
  • the CTS antenna constitutes a low-band antenna
  • the microstrip patch antenna constitutes a high-band antenna
  • the base station achieves dual-band coverage without increasing the antenna aperture.
  • the multi-band common aperture antenna of the embodiment includes a CTS antenna and a microstrip patch antenna; wherein the CTS antenna includes a planar waveguide cavity feed structure and a plurality of strip waveguide radiating elements; and the adjacent strip waveguide radiation
  • a dielectric substrate is disposed on the upper surface of the planar waveguide cavity feed structure, and a microstrip patch antenna array is disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the microstrip patch antenna array includes a plurality of a microstrip patch antenna unit, the number of microstrip patch antenna arrays disposed on at least one of the dielectric substrates is not less than two; and the microstrip patch antenna array disposed on each of the dielectric substrates constitutes a microstrip patch Antenna, the above microstrip patch antenna is placed in the interval of the strip waveguide radiating element of the CTS antenna, and the common aperture is realized without increasing the CTS antenna profile height and physical aperture, and the CTS antenna and the microstrip patch antenna operate in different bands.
  • the strip waveguide radiating element of the CTS antenna separates the microstrip patch antennas, thereby suppressing the mutual coupling between the surface wave of the microstrip patch antenna and the antenna, and In the finite aperture size, the antennas of different bands are not blocked from each other, and the radiation efficiencies of the antennas of different bands are less affected by each other. This solves the problem that the surface wave of the common aperture antenna cannot be suppressed in the prior art, and strong mutual coupling is generated, and different The radiation efficiency of the band antenna has an impact problem.

Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种多波段共口径天线。本发明多波段共口径天线，包括：连续横向枝节CTS天线和微带贴片天线；其中，CTS天线包括平面波导腔馈电结构以及设置在平面波导腔馈电结构上、且沿第一方向间隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元；在相邻的带状波导辐射单元之间、且位于平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上设置有介质基板，介质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列，微带贴片天线阵列包括在与第一方向垂直的第二方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元，至少一个介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个；各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列组成微带贴片天线。本发明实施例抑制了微带贴片天线的表面波和天线间的互耦。

Description

波段共口径天线
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信技术， 尤其涉及一种多波段共口径天线。 背景技术
随着无线通信的迅猛发展，要求一套通信系统具有多重功能， 因此需要与 之匹配的双波段或多波段辐射和接收系统。 但是在很多通信设备中， 由于设 备集成化、 小型化的需求， 并没有足够大的空间分配给两个或多个不同波段 的天线。 为了在有限的空间内实现不同波段的天线集成化设计， 需要将不同 波段的天线设计在同一口径上， 实现口径的共用。 共口径双频或多频天线也 是降低设备成本， 提升设备集成度， 促进智能化天线集成的需求。
图 1为现有技术一的微带贴片天线和缝隙天线共口径示意图， 如图 1所示， 缝隙天线 2构成一个波段的缝隙天线阵列， 微带贴片天线 3、 微带贴片天线 5、 微带贴片天线 4分别构成 3个波段的贴片天线阵列， 实现了工作在不同波段的 天线。 现有技术一的问题是， 三个波段的微带贴片天线并没有共口径， 而且 工作在不同波段的微带贴片天线之间以及他们和缝隙天线之间没有隔离， 天 线表面波无法抑制， 会产生较强的互耦。 在现有技术二的微带贴片天线和振 子天线共口径中， 微带贴片天线水平设置， 振子天线与微带贴片天线垂直设 置， 实现共口径且可以工作在两个波段。 现有技术二的问题是， 两波段口径 有重叠遮挡， 影响不同波段的辐射效率， 且增加了微带贴片天线的高度。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种多波段共口径天线， 以克服现有技术中共口径天 线表面波无法抑制， 会产生较强的互耦， 且不同波段天线的辐射效率会有 影响的问题。
第一方面， 本发明实施例提供一种多波段共口径天线， 包括：
连续横向枝节 CTS天线和微带贴片天线； 其中， 所述 CTS天线包括 平面波导腔馈电结构以及设置在所述平面波导腔馈电结构上、 且沿第一方 向间隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元； 在相邻的所述带状波导辐射单元之 间、 且位于所述平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上设置有介质基板， 所述介 质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列， 所述微带贴片天线阵列包括 在与所述第一方向垂直的第二方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元， 至少一个所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个； 各 介质基板上设置的所述微带贴片天线阵列组成所述微带贴片天线。
结合第一方面， 在第一种可能的实现方式中， 任意两个相邻的所述介 质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量相同。
结合第一方面， 在第二种可能的实现方式中， 以所述平面波导腔馈电 结构上中间位置的带状波导辐射单元为对称轴， 中间位置的所述带状波导 辐射单元两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
结合第一方面， 在第三种可能的实现方式中， 以所述平面波导腔馈电 结构上中间位置的介质基板为对称轴， 中间位置的介质基板两侧的各介质 基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
结合第一方面， 在第四种可能的实现方式中， 所述带状波导辐射单元 两侧的所述微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔与同一个所述介质基板上设置的 微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔相同。
结合第一方面、 或第一 ~四种任一可能的实现方式中， 在第五种可能 的实现方式中， 所述介质基板的上表面与所述带状波导辐射单元的上表面 等高， 或比所述带状波导辐射单元的上表面低。
结合第一方面、 或第一 ~四种任一可能的实现方式中， 在第六种可能 的实现方式中， 各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量根据所述微 带贴片天线与所述 CTS天线之间的倍频比设置。
结合第一方面、 或第一 ~四种任一可能的实现方式中， 在第七种可能 的实现方式中， 各介质基板上设置的至少两个所述微带贴片天线阵列中， 各微带贴片天线单元之间采用窜馈、 并馈或窜并馈的连接方式。
结合第一方面、 或第一 ~四种任一可能的实现方式中， 在第八种可能 的实现方式中，各微带贴片天线阵列的馈电方式包括直接馈电或耦合馈电。
结合第一方面、 或第一 ~四种任一可能的实现方式中， 在第九种可能 的实现方式中， 各带状波导辐射单元等间隔设置。
本发明实施例多波段共口径天线，包括 CTS天线和微带贴片天线；其中， CTS天线包括平面波导腔馈电结构以及多个带状波导辐射单元； 在相邻的 所述带状波导辐射单元之间、 且位于所述平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上 设置有介质基板， 所述介质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列， 所 述微带贴片天线阵列包括多个微带贴片天线单元， 至少一个所述介质基板 上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个； 上述各介质基板上设置的 微带贴片天线阵列组成了微带贴片天线， 上述的微带贴片天线放置在 CTS 天线的带状波导辐射单元的间隔当中， 在不增加 CTS天线剖面高度和物理口 径实现了共口径， 且 CTS天线与微带贴片天线工作在不同波段， CTS天线 的带状波导辐射单元将微带贴片天线分组隔开， 抑制了微带贴片天线的表面 波和天线间的互耦， 并且在有限口径尺寸内， 不同波段天线之间互不遮挡， 不同波段天线的辐射效率受彼此影响较小， 解决了现有技术中共口径天线表 面波无法抑制， 会产生较强的互耦， 且不同波段天线的辐射效率会有影响的 问题。 附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案， 下面将对实 施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下 面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在 不付出创造性劳动性的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为现有技术一的微带贴片天线和缝隙天线共口径示意图； 图 2为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的整体结构示意图；
图 3为本发明实施例一的 CTS天线整体结构示意图；
图 4为本发明实施例一的 CTS天线剖面结构示意图；
图 5为本发明实施例一 CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元之间填充介质基 板示意图；
图 6为本发明实施例一在填充的介质基板上设置微带贴片天线阵列示 意图；
图 7 A为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图一；
图 7B为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图二；
图 7C为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图三； 图 8A为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图四；
图 8B为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图五；
图 9为本发明多波段共口径天线在基站中的应用示意图一；
图 10为本发明多波段共口径天线在基站中的应用示意图二。 具体实施方式 为使本发明实施例的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合本发 明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于 本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获 得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
图 2为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的整体结构示意图。 图 3为 本发明实施例一的 CTS 天线整体结构示意图。 图 4 为本发明实施例一的 CTS天线剖面结构示意图。图 5为本发明实施例一 CTS天线的带状波导辐 射单元之间填充介质基板示意图。 图 6为本发明实施例一在填充的介质基 板上设置微带贴片天线阵列示意图。 图 7A为本发明多波段共口径天线实 施例一的俯视图一。 图 7B 为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图 二。 图 7C为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图三。如图 2、 图 3、 图 6、 图 7所示， 本实施例的多波段共口径天线 100， 包括： 连续横向枝节 CTS天线 10和微带贴片天线 20; 其中， CTS天线 10包括平面波导腔馈电 结构 101以及设置在平面波导腔馈电结构 101上、 且沿第一方向间隔设置 的多个带状波导辐射单元 102; 在相邻的带状波导辐射单元 102之间、 且 位于平面波导腔馈电结构 101 的上表面上设置有介质基板 103， 介质基板 103的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列 201，微带贴片天线阵列 201包括 在与第一方向垂直的第二方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元 2010， 至少一个介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量不少于两个； 各介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201组成微带贴片天线 20。
具体地， 如图 3、 图 4、 图 5所示， 连续横向枝节 （Continuous transverse Stub, 简称 CTS )天线通过在平面波导腔馈电结构 101上开槽即沿第一方向间 隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元 102， 实现水平方向即第一方向 （图 4中的水 平方向箭头所指的方向） 电磁波传输的截断， 将电磁波从带状波导辐射单 元 102辐射出去 （图 3中竖直向上箭头所指的方向） 。 CTS天线的特点是可 以实现超低副瓣， 并且结构简单， 因而常用在对副瓣要求比较高的天线的 设计中。
其中， 平面波导腔馈电结构 101是低剖面的平面波导腔， 其结构可以由 金属腔体， 塑料金属化腔体或基片集成波导 （Substrate Integrated Waveguide, 简称 SIW)腔体等实现， 腔体内部可以是真空或有低损耗的介 质； 带状波导辐射单元 102除辐射方向 （图 3、 图 4中箭头所指的竖直向上的 方向） 和与平面波导腔馈电结构 101相连处外， 其余四面均为金属表面 105， 其中与平面波导腔馈电结构 101相连处实现了馈电结构与辐射单元的互联， 辐射面处实现了电磁波的辐射。
如图 2、 图 5所示， 通过在 CTS天线 10的带状波导辐射单元 102的 缝隙间填充介质基板 103， 为微带贴片天线 20和 CTS天线 10口径共用提 供介质， 同时利用 CTS天线 10的平面波导腔馈电结构 101 的上表面 106 作为微带贴片天线 20 的地， 构成了基本的印刷电路板 （Printed circuit board, 简称 PCB ) 结构。
如图 6所示， 在介质基板 103的上表面设置微带贴片天线阵列 201， 实现了 CTS天线与微带贴片天线共口径。 如图 7A所示， 微带贴片天线阵 列 201包括在与第一方向垂直的第二方向 （即图 7A中的竖直方向） 上间 隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元 2010， 至少一个介质基板 103上设置的微 带贴片天线阵列 201的数量不少于两个， 例如每个介质基板 103上可以设 置相同数量的微带贴片天线阵列 201， 各介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片 天线阵列 201组成微带贴片天线 20。CTS天线 10的带状波导辐射单元 102 和微带贴片天线 20的微带贴片天线单元 2010完全不遮挡， 不同波段天线 间的辐射效率影响较小。
上述通过在 CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元 102间添加介质基板 103， 并利用 CTS天线的平面波导馈电结构 101上表面为地实现 PCB结构， 在 实现 PCB结构的过程中， 没有增加 CTS天线的剖面高度。
可选地， 任意两个相邻的介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量 相同。
如图 7A所示， 任意两个相邻的介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线 阵列 201的数量相同， 例如为 2个微带贴片天线阵列 201， 每个微带贴片 天线阵列 201包括在图 7A中的竖直方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线 单元 2010。
可选地， 以平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的带状波导辐射单元为对 称轴， 中间位置的带状波导辐射单元两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片 天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
如图 7B 所示， 以平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的带状波导辐射单 元 102为对称轴， 即图中从左往右第 3个带状波导辐射单元 102， 中间位 置的带状波导辐射单元 102两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量逐步递减， 如间隔 a、 间隔 a' 的介质基板 103上设置的微带贴 片天线阵列 201的数量为 3， 间隔 b、 间隔 b ' 的介质基板 103上设置的微 带贴片天线阵列 201的数量为 2， 间隔 c、 间隔 c ' 的介质基板 103上设置 的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量为 1。
可选地， 以平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的介质基板为对称轴， 中 间位置的介质基板两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐 步递减。
如图 7C所示， 以平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的介质基板 103为 对称轴， 即图中从左往右第 3个介质基板 103， 中间位置的介质基板 103 两侧的各介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量逐步递减， 如间隔 a的介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量为 3 (中 间位置的介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量最多） ， 间 隔 b、间隔 b ' 的介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量为 2， 间隔 c、间隔 c ' 的介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量为 1。
可选地， 带状波导辐射单元两侧的微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔与同 一个介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔相同。
具体地， 如图 7A所示， 带状波导辐射单元 102两侧的微带贴片天线 阵列 201之间的间隔如间隔 d与同一个介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天 线阵列 201之间的间隔如间隔 d' 相同。
可选地， 介质基板的上表面与带状波导辐射单元的上表面等高， 或比 带状波导辐射单元的上表面低。 具体地， 介质基板 103的上表面与带状波导辐射单元 102的上表面可 以等高， 也可以比带状波导辐射单元 102的上表面低。 如图 2所示， 介质 基板 103的上表面略低于带状波导辐射单元 102的上表面， CTS天线的带 状波导辐射单元 20金属侧面将微带贴片天线阵列 201周期性分组隔离，实 现了微带贴片天线表面波的抑制。
可选地， 各介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量根据 微带贴片天线 20与 CTS天线 10之间的倍频比设置。
具体地， 如图 7A所示， 微带贴片天线 20与 CTS天线 10之间的倍频 比为 2倍，各介质基板 103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列 201的数量为 2个， 还可以根据倍频比如 3倍、 4倍设置 3个、 4个微带贴片天线阵列 201等。
图 8A为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图四。图 8B为本发 明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图五。
可选地， 各介质基板上设置的至少两个所述微带贴片天线阵列中， 各 微带贴片天线单元之间采用窜馈、 并馈或窜并馈的连接方式。
具体地， 如图 8A所示， 各介质基板 103上设置的至少两个微带贴片 天线阵列 201中，各微带贴片天线单元 2010之间采用窜馈的连接方式进行 馈电， 如图 8B所示， 各介质基板 103上设置的至少两个微带贴片天线阵 列 201中，各微带贴片天线单元 2010之间采用窜并馈的连接方式进行馈电， 还可以只采用并馈的方式， 通过不同的馈电方式可以改变电流的流向从而 改变天线的极化方向， 微带贴片天线与 CTS 天线可以形成同向或正交极 化。
可选地， 各微带贴片天线阵列的馈电方式包括直接馈电或耦合馈电。 具体地， 各微带贴片天线阵列的馈电网路可以和微带贴片天线阵列在 同一平面， 也可以不在同一平面， 即馈电方式可以是直接馈电， 也可以是 耦合馈电。
可选地， 各带状波导辐射单元等间隔设置。
图 9为本发明多波段共口径天线在基站中的应用示意图一，图 10为本 发明多波段共口径天线在基站中的应用示意图二。
本发明可用于基站多波段天线设计， 如图 9、 10所示， CTS天线构成 低波段的天线， 微带贴片天线构成高波段的天线， 基站在不增加天线口径 的同时实现双波段的覆盖。 可以应用在 5G高频收发信机系统， 或者分布 式基站或者分布式天线系统场景下。
本实施例的多波段共口径天线， 包括 CTS天线和微带贴片天线； 其中， CTS天线包括平面波导腔馈电结构以及多个带状波导辐射单元； 在相邻的 所述带状波导辐射单元之间、 且位于所述平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上 设置有介质基板， 所述介质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列， 所 述微带贴片天线阵列包括多个微带贴片天线单元， 至少一个所述介质基板 上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个； 上述各介质基板上设置的 微带贴片天线阵列组成了微带贴片天线， 上述的微带贴片天线放置在 CTS 天线的带状波导辐射单元的间隔当中， 在不增加 CTS天线剖面高度和物理口 径实现了共口径， CTS天线与微带贴片天线工作在不同波段， CTS天线的 带状波导辐射单元将微带贴片天线分组隔开， 抑制了微带贴片天线的表面波 和天线间的互耦， 并且在有限口径尺寸内， 不同波段天线之间互不遮挡， 不 同波段天线的辐射效率受彼此影响较小， 解决了现有技术中共口径天线表面 波无法抑制， 会产生较强的互耦， 且不同波段天线的辐射效率会有影响的问 题。
最后应说明的是： 以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对 其限制； 尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改， 或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并 不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种多波段共口径天线， 其特征在于， 包括：
连续横向枝节 CTS天线和微带贴片天线； 其中， 所述 CTS天线包括 平面波导腔馈电结构以及设置在所述平面波导腔馈电结构上、 且沿第一方 向间隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元； 在相邻的所述带状波导辐射单元之 间、 且位于所述平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上设置有介质基板， 所述介 质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列， 所述微带贴片天线阵列包括 在与所述第一方向垂直的第二方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元， 至少一个所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个； 各 介质基板上设置的所述微带贴片天线阵列组成所述微带贴片天线。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线， 其特征在于， 任意两个相邻的所述介 质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量相同。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线， 其特征在于， 以所述平面波导腔馈电 结构上中间位置的带状波导辐射单元为对称轴， 中间位置的所述带状波导 辐射单元两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线， 其特征在于， 以所述平面波导腔馈电 结构上中间位置的介质基板为对称轴， 中间位置的介质基板两侧的各介质 基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线， 其特征在于， 所述带状波导辐射单元 两侧的所述微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔与同一个所述介质基板上设置的 微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔相同。
6、 根据权利要求 1~5 任一项所述的天线， 其特征在于， 所述介质基 板的上表面与所述带状波导辐射单元的上表面等高， 或比所述带状波导辐 射单元的上表面低。
7、 根据权利要求 1~5 任一项所述的天线， 其特征在于， 各介质基板 上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量根据所述微带贴片天线与所述 CTS 天 线之间的倍频比设置。
8、 根据权利要求 1~5 任一项所述的天线， 其特征在于， 各介质基板 上设置的至少两个所述微带贴片天线阵列中， 各微带贴片天线单元之间采 用窜馈、 并馈或窜并馈的连接方式。
9、 根据权利要求 1~5 任一项所述的天线， 其特征在于， 各微带贴片 天线阵列的馈电方式包括直接馈电或耦合馈电。
10、 根据权利要求 1~5任一项所述的天线， 其特征在于， 各带状波导 辐射单元等间隔设置。
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