CN105493348B - 多波段共口径天线 - Google Patents

多波段共口径天线 Download PDF

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CN105493348B
CN105493348B CN201480045961.2A CN201480045961A CN105493348B CN 105493348 B CN105493348 B CN 105493348B CN 201480045961 A CN201480045961 A CN 201480045961A CN 105493348 B CN105493348 B CN 105493348B
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medium substrate
antenna
micro
antenna array
microstrip patch
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CN105493348A (zh
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杜明德
蔡华
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/28Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065Patch antenna array
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage

Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种多波段共口径天线。本发明多波段共口径天线,包括:连续横向枝节CTS天线和微带贴片天线;其中,CTS天线包括平面波导腔馈电结构以及设置在平面波导腔馈电结构上、且沿第一方向间隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元;在相邻的带状波导辐射单元之间、且位于平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上设置有介质基板,介质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列,微带贴片天线阵列包括在与第一方向垂直的第二方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元,至少一个介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个;各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列组成微带贴片天线。本发明实施例抑制了微带贴片天线的表面波和天线间的互耦。

Description

多波段共口径天线
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信技术,尤其涉及一种多波段共口径天线。
背景技术
随着无线通信的迅猛发展,要求一套通信系统具有多重功能,因此需要与之匹配的双波段或多波段辐射和接收系统。但是在很多通信设备中,由于设备集成化、小型化的需求,并没有足够大的空间分配给两个或多个不同波段的天线。为了在有限的空间内实现不同波段的天线集成化设计,需要将不同波段的天线设计在同一口径上,实现口径的共用。共口径双频或多频天线也是降低设备成本,提升设备集成度,促进智能化天线集成的需求。
图1为现有技术一的微带贴片天线和缝隙天线共口径示意图,如图1所示,缝隙天线2构成一个波段的缝隙天线阵列,微带贴片天线3、微带贴片天线5、微带贴片天线4分别构成3个波段的贴片天线阵列,实现了工作在不同波段的天线。现有技术一的问题是,三个波段的微带贴片天线并没有共口径,而且工作在不同波段的微带贴片天线之间以及他们和缝隙天线之间没有隔离,天线表面波无法抑制,会产生较强的互耦。在现有技术二的微带贴片天线和振子天线共口径中,微带贴片天线水平设置,振子天线与微带贴片天线垂直设置,实现共口径且可以工作在两个波段。现有技术二的问题是,两波段口径有重叠遮挡,影响不同波段的辐射效率,且增加了微带贴片天线的高度。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种多波段共口径天线,以克服现有技术中共口径天线表面波无法抑制,会产生较强的互耦,且不同波段天线的辐射效率会有影响的问题。
第一方面,本发明实施例提供一种多波段共口径天线,包括:
连续横向枝节CTS天线和微带贴片天线;其中,所述CTS天线包括平面波导腔馈电结构以及设置在所述平面波导腔馈电结构上、且沿第一方向间隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元;在相邻的所述带状波导辐射单元之间、且位于所述平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上设置有介质基板,所述介质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列,所述微带贴片天线阵列包括在与所述第一方向垂直的第二方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元,至少一个所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个;各介质基板上设置的所述微带贴片天线阵列组成所述微带贴片天线。
结合第一方面,在第一种可能的实现方式中,任意两个相邻的所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量相同。
结合第一方面,在第二种可能的实现方式中,以所述平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的带状波导辐射单元为对称轴,中间位置的所述带状波导辐射单元两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
结合第一方面,在第三种可能的实现方式中,以所述平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的介质基板为对称轴,中间位置的介质基板两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
结合第一方面,在第四种可能的实现方式中,所述带状波导辐射单元两侧的所述微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔与同一个所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔相同。
结合第一方面、或第一~四种任一可能的实现方式中,在第五种可能的实现方式中,所述介质基板的上表面与所述带状波导辐射单元的上表面等高,或比所述带状波导辐射单元的上表面低。
结合第一方面、或第一~四种任一可能的实现方式中,在第六种可能的实现方式中,各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量根据所述微带贴片天线与所述CTS天线之间的倍频比设置。
结合第一方面、或第一~四种任一可能的实现方式中,在第七种可能的实现方式中,各介质基板上设置的至少两个所述微带贴片天线阵列中,各微带贴片天线单元之间采用窜馈、并馈或窜并馈的连接方式。
结合第一方面、或第一~四种任一可能的实现方式中,在第八种可能的实现方式中,各微带贴片天线阵列的馈电方式包括直接馈电或耦合馈电。
结合第一方面、或第一~四种任一可能的实现方式中,在第九种可能的实现方式中,各带状波导辐射单元等间隔设置。
本发明实施例多波段共口径天线,包括CTS天线和微带贴片天线;其中,CTS天线包括平面波导腔馈电结构以及多个带状波导辐射单元;在相邻的所述带状波导辐射单元之间、且位于所述平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上设置有介质基板,所述介质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列,所述微带贴片天线阵列包括多个微带贴片天线单元,至少一个所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个;上述各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列组成了微带贴片天线,上述的微带贴片天线放置在CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元的间隔当中,在不增加CTS天线剖面高度和物理口径实现了共口径,且CTS天线与微带贴片天线工作在不同波段,CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元将微带贴片天线分组隔开,抑制了微带贴片天线的表面波和天线间的互耦,并且在有限口径尺寸内,不同波段天线之间互不遮挡,不同波段天线的辐射效率受彼此影响较小,解决了现有技术中共口径天线表面波无法抑制,会产生较强的互耦,且不同波段天线的辐射效率会有影响的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术一的微带贴片天线和缝隙天线共口径示意图;
图2为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的整体结构示意图;
图3为本发明实施例一的CTS天线整体结构示意图;
图4为本发明实施例一的CTS天线剖面结构示意图;
图5为本发明实施例一CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元之间填充介质基板示意图;
图6为本发明实施例一在填充的介质基板上设置微带贴片天线阵列示意图;
图7A为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图一;
图7B为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图二;
图7C为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图三;
图8A为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图四;
图8B为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图五;
图9为本发明多波段共口径天线在基站中的应用示意图一;
图10为本发明多波段共口径天线在基站中的应用示意图二。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
图2为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的整体结构示意图。图3为本发明实施例一的CTS天线整体结构示意图。图4为本发明实施例一的CTS天线剖面结构示意图。图5为本发明实施例一CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元之间填充介质基板示意图。图6为本发明实施例一在填充的介质基板上设置微带贴片天线阵列示意图。图7A为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图一。图7B为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图二。图7C为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图三。如图2、图3、图6、图7所示,本实施例的多波段共口径天线100,包括:连续横向枝节CTS天线10和微带贴片天线20;其中,CTS天线10包括平面波导腔馈电结构101以及设置在平面波导腔馈电结构101上、且沿第一方向间隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元102;在相邻的带状波导辐射单元102之间、且位于平面波导腔馈电结构101的上表面上设置有介质基板103,介质基板103的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列201,微带贴片天线阵列201包括在与第一方向垂直的第二方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元2010,至少一个介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量不少于两个;各介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201组成微带贴片天线20。
具体地,如图3、图4、图5所示,连续横向枝节(Continuous transverse Stub,简称CTS)天线通过在平面波导腔馈电结构101上开槽即沿第一方向间隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元102,实现水平方向即第一方向(图4中的水平方向箭头所指的方向)电磁波传输的截断,将电磁波从带状波导辐射单元102辐射出去(图3中竖直向上箭头所指的方向)。CTS天线的特点是可以实现超低副瓣,并且结构简单,因而常用在对副瓣要求比较高的天线的设计中。
其中,平面波导腔馈电结构101是低剖面的平面波导腔,其结构可以由金属腔体,塑料金属化腔体或基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,简称SIW)腔体等实现,腔体内部可以是真空或有低损耗的介质;带状波导辐射单元102除辐射方向(图3、图4中箭头所指的竖直向上的方向)和与平面波导腔馈电结构101相连处外,其余四面均为金属表面105,其中与平面波导腔馈电结构101相连处实现了馈电结构与辐射单元的互联,辐射面处实现了电磁波的辐射。
如图2、图5所示,通过在CTS天线10的带状波导辐射单元102的缝隙间填充介质基板103,为微带贴片天线20和CTS天线10口径共用提供介质,同时利用CTS天线10的平面波导腔馈电结构101的上表面106作为微带贴片天线20的地,构成了基本的印刷电路板(Printedcircuit board,简称PCB)结构。
如图6所示,在介质基板103的上表面设置微带贴片天线阵列201,实现了CTS天线与微带贴片天线共口径。如图7A所示,微带贴片天线阵列201包括在与第一方向垂直的第二方向(即图7A中的竖直方向)上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元2010,至少一个介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量不少于两个,例如每个介质基板103上可以设置相同数量的微带贴片天线阵列201,各介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201组成微带贴片天线20。CTS天线10的带状波导辐射单元102和微带贴片天线20的微带贴片天线单元2010完全不遮挡,不同波段天线间的辐射效率影响较小。
上述通过在CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元102间添加介质基板103,并利用CTS天线的平面波导馈电结构101上表面为地实现PCB结构,在实现PCB结构的过程中,没有增加CTS天线的剖面高度。
可选地,任意两个相邻的介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量相同。
如图7A所示,任意两个相邻的介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量相同,例如为2个微带贴片天线阵列201,每个微带贴片天线阵列201包括在图7A中的竖直方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元2010。
可选地,以平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的带状波导辐射单元为对称轴,中间位置的带状波导辐射单元两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
如图7B所示,以平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的带状波导辐射单元102为对称轴,即图中从左往右第3个带状波导辐射单元102,中间位置的带状波导辐射单元102两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量逐步递减,如间隔a、间隔a’的介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量为3,间隔b、间隔b’的介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量为2,间隔c、间隔c’的介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量为1。
可选地,以平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的介质基板为对称轴,中间位置的介质基板两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
如图7C所示,以平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的介质基板103为对称轴,即图中从左往右第3个介质基板103,中间位置的介质基板103两侧的各介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量逐步递减,如间隔a的介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量为3(中间位置的介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量最多),间隔b、间隔b’的介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量为2,间隔c、间隔c’的介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量为1。
可选地,带状波导辐射单元两侧的微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔与同一个介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔相同。
具体地,如图7A所示,带状波导辐射单元102两侧的微带贴片天线阵列201之间的间隔如间隔d与同一个介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201之间的间隔如间隔d’相同。
可选地,介质基板的上表面与带状波导辐射单元的上表面等高,或比带状波导辐射单元的上表面低。
具体地,介质基板103的上表面与带状波导辐射单元102的上表面可以等高,也可以比带状波导辐射单元102的上表面低。如图2所示,介质基板103的上表面略低于带状波导辐射单元102的上表面,CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元20金属侧面将微带贴片天线阵列201周期性分组隔离,实现了微带贴片天线表面波的抑制。
可选地,各介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量根据微带贴片天线20与CTS天线10之间的倍频比设置。
具体地,如图7A所示,微带贴片天线20与CTS天线10之间的倍频比为2倍,各介质基板103上设置的微带贴片天线阵列201的数量为2个,还可以根据倍频比如3倍、4倍设置3个、4个微带贴片天线阵列201等。
图8A为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图四。图8B为本发明多波段共口径天线实施例一的俯视图五。
可选地,各介质基板上设置的至少两个所述微带贴片天线阵列中,各微带贴片天线单元之间采用窜馈、并馈或窜并馈的连接方式。
具体地,如图8A所示,各介质基板103上设置的至少两个微带贴片天线阵列201中,各微带贴片天线单元2010之间采用窜馈的连接方式进行馈电,如图8B所示,各介质基板103上设置的至少两个微带贴片天线阵列201中,各微带贴片天线单元2010之间采用窜并馈的连接方式进行馈电,还可以只采用并馈的方式,通过不同的馈电方式可以改变电流的流向从而改变天线的极化方向,微带贴片天线与CTS天线可以形成同向或正交极化。
可选地,各微带贴片天线阵列的馈电方式包括直接馈电或耦合馈电。
具体地,各微带贴片天线阵列的馈电网路可以和微带贴片天线阵列在同一平面,也可以不在同一平面,即馈电方式可以是直接馈电,也可以是耦合馈电。
可选地,各带状波导辐射单元等间隔设置。
图9为本发明多波段共口径天线在基站中的应用示意图一,图10为本发明多波段共口径天线在基站中的应用示意图二。
本发明可用于基站多波段天线设计,如图9、10所示,CTS天线构成低波段的天线,微带贴片天线构成高波段的天线,基站在不增加天线口径的同时实现双波段的覆盖。可以应用在5G高频收发信机系统,或者分布式基站或者分布式天线系统场景下。
本实施例的多波段共口径天线,包括CTS天线和微带贴片天线;其中,CTS天线包括平面波导腔馈电结构以及多个带状波导辐射单元;在相邻的所述带状波导辐射单元之间、且位于所述平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上设置有介质基板,所述介质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列,所述微带贴片天线阵列包括多个微带贴片天线单元,至少一个所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个;上述各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列组成了微带贴片天线,上述的微带贴片天线放置在CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元的间隔当中,在不增加CTS天线剖面高度和物理口径实现了共口径,CTS天线与微带贴片天线工作在不同波段,CTS天线的带状波导辐射单元将微带贴片天线分组隔开,抑制了微带贴片天线的表面波和天线间的互耦,并且在有限口径尺寸内,不同波段天线之间互不遮挡,不同波段天线的辐射效率受彼此影响较小,解决了现有技术中共口径天线表面波无法抑制,会产生较强的互耦,且不同波段天线的辐射效率会有影响的问题。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种多波段共口径天线,其特征在于,包括:
连续横向枝节CTS天线和微带贴片天线;其中,所述CTS天线包括平面波导腔馈电结构以及设置在所述平面波导腔馈电结构上、且沿第一方向间隔设置的多个带状波导辐射单元;在相邻的所述带状波导辐射单元之间、且位于所述平面波导腔馈电结构的上表面上设置有介质基板,所述介质基板的上表面上设置有微带贴片天线阵列,所述微带贴片天线阵列包括在与所述第一方向垂直的第二方向上间隔分布的多个微带贴片天线单元,至少一个所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量不少于两个;各介质基板上设置的所述微带贴片天线阵列组成所述微带贴片天线;
所述介质基板的上表面比所述带状波导辐射单元的上表面低。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,任意两个相邻的所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,以所述平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的带状波导辐射单元为对称轴,中间位置的所述带状波导辐射单元两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
4.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,以所述平面波导腔馈电结构上中间位置的介质基板为对称轴,中间位置的介质基板两侧的各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量逐步递减。
5.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述带状波导辐射单元两侧的所述微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔与同一个所述介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列之间的间隔相同。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,各介质基板上设置的微带贴片天线阵列的数量根据所述微带贴片天线与所述CTS天线之间的倍频比设置。
7.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,各介质基板上设置的至少两个所述微带贴片天线阵列中,各微带贴片天线单元之间采用串馈、并馈或串并馈的连接方式。
8.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,各微带贴片天线阵列的馈电方式包括直接馈电或耦合馈电。
9.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,各带状波导辐射单元等间隔设置。
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